Relevant bibliographies by topics / Age-related variation

Academic literature on the topic 'Age-related variation'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Age-related variation"

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Kieser, Julius A., H. T. Groeneveld, and Charles B. Preston. "Age related tooth size variation in the Lengua Indians of Paraguay." Zeitschrift für Morphologie und Anthropologie 75, no. 3 (June 27, 1985): 341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zma/75/1985/341.

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Santoni, Giola, Sara Angleman, Anna-Karin Welmer, Francesca Mangialasche, Alessandra Marengoni, and Laura Fratiglioni. "Age-Related Variation in Health Status after Age 60." PLOS ONE 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2015): e0120077. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0120077.

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Santoni, Giola, Sara Angleman, Anna-Karin Welmer, Francesca Mangialasche, Alessandra Marengoni, and Laura Fratiglioni. "Correction: Age-Related Variation in Health Status after Age 60." PLOS ONE 10, no. 6 (June 3, 2015): e0130024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0130024.

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Wood, Carolan. "The age-related emergence of cranial morphological variation." Forensic Science International 251 (June 2015): 220.e1–220.e20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.03.030.

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Galeotti, Paolo, Nicola Saino, Elena Perani, Roberto Sacchi, and Anders Rape Møller. "Age‐related song variation in male barn swallows." Italian Journal of Zoology 68, no. 4 (January 2001): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250000109356423.

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Wachsmuth, Manja, Alexander Hübner, Mingkun Li, Burkhard Madea, and Mark Stoneking. "Age-Related and Heteroplasmy-Related Variation in Human mtDNA Copy Number." PLOS Genetics 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2016): e1005939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005939.

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Kimball, Thomas R., Stephen R. Daniels, Philip Khoury, and Richard A. Meyer. "Age-related variation in contractility estimate in patients ≤20 years of age." American Journal of Cardiology 68, no. 13 (November 1991): 1383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(91)90250-o.

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Thompson, Patrick S., and W. G. Hale. "Age-Related Reproductive Variation in the Redshank Tringa totanus." Ornis Scandinavica 22, no. 4 (October 1991): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676508.

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Reichert, Sophie, Vérane Berger, Diogo João Franco dos Santos, Mirkka Lahdenperä, U. Kyaw Nyein, Win Htut, and Virpi Lummaa. "Age related variation of health markers in Asian elephants." Experimental Gerontology 157 (January 2022): 111629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2021.111629.

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Elsheikh, Ahmed, Brendan Geraghty, Paolo Rama, Marino Campanelli, and Keith M. Meek. "Characterization of age-related variation in corneal biomechanical properties." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 7, no. 51 (April 14, 2010): 1475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2010.0108.

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An experimental study has been conducted to determine the stress–strain behaviour of human corneal tissue and how the behaviour varies with age. Fifty-seven well-preserved ex vivo donor corneas aged between 30 and 99 years were subjected to cycles of posterior pressure up to 60 mm Hg while monitoring their behaviour. The corneas were mechanically clamped along their ring of scleral tissue and kept in physiological conditions of temperature and hydration. The tissue demonstrated hyper-elastic pressure-deformation and stress–strain behaviour that closely matched an exponential trend. Clear stiffening (increased resistance to deformation) with age was observed in all loading cycles, and the rate of stiffness growth was nonlinear with bias towards older specimens. With a strong statistical association between stiffness and age ( p < 0.05), it was possible to develop generic stress–strain equations that were suitable for all ages between 30 and 99 years. These equations, which closely matched the experimental results, depicted corneal stiffening with age in a form suitable for implementation in numerical simulations of ocular biomechanical behaviour.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Age-related variation"

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Chan, Shuk-kwan May. "Contextual variation and age-related changes in child-directed speech by Cantonese mothers." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3620982X.

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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1999.
"A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 14, 1999." Also available in print.
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Atkinson, Sarah Jane. "Variation in rates of age-related change in skeletal tissue in a Romano-British population." Thesis, Durham University, 1985. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7594/.

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1228 skeletons from the Romano-British cemetery at Poundbury have been used to compare methods of assessment of age at death on archaeological material. The main aim was to evaluate the potential use of methods based on cortical bone structure and of the occurrence of degenerative joint disease in the spine. Changes in cortical bone do not proceed linearly with age, so methods currently available, which are based of single regression equations, are inadequate. The measures of bone structure are found to be useful in conjunction with other methods in terms of calibration. The expectations of greater variation in bone structure measurements amongst males was not observed. In the case of cortical thickness exactly the reverse is found. Possible explanations are discussed. Degenerative joint disease of the spine offers a promising means of age assessment as it is found to increase in incidence, severity and extent with age. Males show a faster rate of deg,3neration than females particularly in extent. The best measure indicated is the combined number of facet and disc joints affected in the lumbar region.
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Meyer, Kacie Jo. "Detection, interpretation, and functional consequences of genomic copy number variation in human disease." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1026.

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In recent years, microarray technology has revealed the widespread presence of submicroscopic deletions and duplications throughout the human genome termed copy number variants (CNVs). CNVs have a profound effect on gene expression and are an important source of normal genetic variation. In addition, a small proportion of CNVs contribute to genetically simple and complex disease. This thesis focuses on the identification of pathogenic CNVs contributing to the etiology of diseases with "missing heritability" using a well-planned study design individually tailored to each disease cohort to optimize CNV detection and interpretation. We performed a genome-wide analysis for CNVs in five disease cohorts with genetic etiology: autism, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma, clubfoot, and Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). Our results indicate that CNVs likely account for a proportion of cases for each disease cohort reported in this thesis. Approximately 20% of our cohort of individuals with autism from trio pedigrees harbors a CNV known to confer risk to develop autism and we identified other novel and rare variants that may play a role in autism pathogenesis. We also characterized a duplication of 2p25.3 identified in two male half-siblings with autism and determined that their mother was somatic mosaic for the duplication. Our work provides evidence that this novel CNV disrupting the genes PXDN and MYT1L are the autism-causing mutation in this pedigree. A comparative cases experimental design was used in the study of AMD and glaucoma. While no common "risk CNVs" were identified for either eye disorder, we did identify several rare overlapping CNVs disrupting genes known to play a role in the eye that may confer risk to disease in a small proportion of individuals. In a fourth genetically complex disease, clubfoot, we identified a duplication of 17q23.2 disrupting the genes TBX4, NACA2, and BRIP1 that segregates with the autosomal dominant clubfoot phenotype in a large pedigree with 16 affected individuals. In addition, the duplication is within the linkage interval identified for this family. We also applied microarray technology to analyze the genomes of individuals with BBS, an autosomal recessive disorder, for the presence of CNVs in known BBS genes as well as CNVs that elucidate novel candidate genes for BBS. From 34 BBS patients with an unidentified mutation, we observed one CNV, a heterozygous deletion of BBS10, unmasking a BBS10 frameshift mutation. A promising BBS candidate gene also emerged from our studies, implicated by an intragenic deletion of the gene MARK3 predicted to result in a frameshift and premature truncation of the protein. Functional studies utilizing antisense morpholino gene knockdown in the zebrafish provide additional evidence that MARK3 is a BBS gene as knockdown of zebrafish mark3 results in a Kupffer's Vesicle defect and a melanosome transport delay, two cardinal BBS phenotypes in the zebrafish. In addition to identifying CNVs involved in disease, the work outlined in this thesis provides valuable insight into the study design and interpretation of a genome-wide analysis of CNV. This includes the appropriate use of controls and publicly available control databases, methods for enriching for CNVs in a patient cohort to maximize efficiency and discovery, and the importance of analyzing all patient cohorts with heritable disease for the presence of CNVs disrupting known disease genes and CNVs that implicate novel genetic candidates. As the reliability and resolution of CNV detection continue to improve, allowing detection of > 1,000 CNVs in each individual genome, it becomes more important than ever to have a well-defined study design for both the detection and interpretation of CNVs.
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Kitzmiller, Kathryn Jean. "Variation of Complement Factor H and Mannan Binding Lectin in Human Systemic and Vascular Immune-Mediated Diseases." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261493418.

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Jayakumar, Jaikishan Optometry &amp Vision Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Age related variations in anterior ocular characteristics and response to short term contact lens wear." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Optometry and Vision Science, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22443.

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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate age related variations in anterior ocular characteristics and their effect on the response to short-term (one-hour) open eye orthokeratology (OK) lens wear and overnight hydrogel lens wear. Sixty-three volunteer subjects were divided into three groups comprising children (Group I), young adults (Group II) and older adults (Group III). Anterior ocular characteristics that were measured included corneal topography with the Medmont corneal topographer, total, stromal and epithelial thickness with the Holden-Payor optical pachometer, microscopic cell characteristics with the confocal microscope, corneal aesthesiometry, corneal modulus of elasticity, and tear film, palpebral and eyelid characteristics. The older cornea was found to be more spherical in shape (asphericity Q = -0.24 ?? 0.07 in group III compared to -0.34 ?? 0.09 and -0.32 ?? 0.17 in groups I and II respectively) and showed a tendency from with-the-rule to against-the-rule astigmatism. Older subjects also had a decreased endothelial cell density (2596 ?? 111 cells/mm2 in group III compared to 2793 ?? 138 cells/mm2 in group II) and reduced eyelid tension compared to the younger groups. Children were found to have lower blink rates than adults. It was concluded that these changes might have a significant impact on contact lens wear. The responses to two contact lens based techniques, orthokeratology (OK) and hydrogel overnight wear (ON), were studied. Sixty subjects (20 per group) wore reverse-geometry lenses (BE, Ultravison Aust Pty Ltd) of Boston XO material in one eye under open eye conditions for one hour in one eye only. Changes in unaided visual acuity, corneal curvature, corneal thickness and confocal microscopic variables were measured after OK lens wear. All subject groups showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.05) in unaided visual acuity, a trend for more positive (less prolate) corneal asphericity, increase in apical corneal radius and decrease in central total corneal thickness, after OK lens wear. When the groups were stratified, statistical significance was obtained between the older group and the other two younger groups for change in apical corneal radius (0.23 ?? 0.01 mm in group I, 0.15 ?? 0.01 mm for group II, 0.06 ?? 0.33 for group III). The change in asphericity also showed significant differences between the older age group (0.10 ?? 0.08 mm) and the young adult group (0.21 ?? 0.13). Central corneal thinning obtained after one hour of OK lens wear revealed significant differences between the older adult group (-1.9 ?? 3.2 ??m) and the other two groups (-5.0 ?? 5.9 ??m in group I, -5.0 ?? 2.0 ??m for group II). Sixty subjects wore hydrogel lenses (One-Day Acuvue, Johnson and Johnson Visioncare Pty Ltd) made of etafilcon A in one eye only overnight during sleep at their home. Changes in unaided visual acuity, corneal curvature, corneal thickness, confocal microscopic variables and slitlamp variables were measured after ON lens wear. All subjects showed significant thickening (p < 0.05) of the cornea with ON wear, more in the lens-wearing eye. This study reported that the edema response induced by Acuvue contact lenses is stromal in origin. The edema response of the older group (33.9 ?? 11.5 ??m) was lower than the other two groups as demonstrated by the difference in the change in central stromal thickness (49.3 ?? 20.3 ??m for group I and 51.0 ?? 20.0 ??m for group II). However, a statistically significant difference in the change in thickness was not reached either for the central total corneal thickness or for other topographic locations. Corneal and visual changes found in this study confirm previous reports of the effects of short term OK and hydrogel ON lens wear. Older lens wearers showed a reduced or delayed response to short-term lens wear. Studies investigating the effects of age with long lens-wearing durations are warranted to quantify these effects further.
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Alvarez, Anabel. "Attitudes and behaviors related to filial responsibility in Latino youth variations by birth order, gender, and immigration age /." unrestricted, 2005. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11212005-132149/.

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Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2005.
Leslie C. Jackson, Gabriel P. Kuperminc, committee co-chairs; Gregory J. Jurkovic, committee member. Electronic text (64 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Apr. 17, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-48).
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Alvarez, Anabel. "Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Filial Responsibility in Latino Youth: Variations by Birth Order, Gender, and Immigration Age." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/psych_theses/12.

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Filial responsibility and familism were examined among a sample of Latino youth through a number of diverse methods that included variable centered and person centered analyses. Effects of gender, birth order, and immigration age were examined. An exploratory principal components analysis of the Adolescent Filial Responsibility Questionnaire-Revised revealed that the most interpretable solution included five factors: fairness, chores, culture brokering, emotional tasks, and overburden. ANOVA analyses found significant main effects of birth order on culture brokering and chores, of gender on emotional tasks, and of immigration age on culture brokering. Cluster analysis identified five groups based on adolescents’ responses: traditional overburden, traditional balanced, non-traditional culturebrokers, traditional low, and non-traditional overburden. Chi-square analyses found significant birth order and gender differences within the traditional low cluster and immigration age differences within the traditional overburden, non-traditional culturebrokers, traditional low, and traditional balanced clusters.
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POLITO, UMBERTO. "THE MENISCUS: BASIC SCIENCE TO IMPROVE KNOWLEDGE FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/707236.

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This thesis was thought with the intent to try to fill some lacunae in the knowledge of the anatomic-dependent features of the meniscus. In particular, the study of the effects of endogenous and exogenous factors upon the development of this structure will be outlined. Endogenous factors have been considered those factors that cannot be attributed to external or experimental factors: the effect of age and growth has been investigated focusing on the variation of the, matrix components (collagen types, GAGs and decorin), cellular phenotypic modifications and meniscal morpho-functional structure, with additional focus on possible differences presented in different animal models. On the other hand, exogenous factors have been considered those factors that are in any way attributable to the external interventions operated by the experimenter or by the application of forces upon meniscus. As exogenous factors, the effects of physiologic (compression and traction to which meniscus is naturally subjected) and non-physiologic (continuous compression without flexion) forces applied to meniscus during growth were evaluated. Furthermore, the effect of hypoxia in meniscal tissue-culture was also evaluated in a neonatal committed cell population in order to assess a faster maturation of the tissue. The importance of these investigations is linked to the possible application of these notions in the field of tissue engineering of the meniscus and may improve the current knowledge on the morpho-functional effect that external factors exercise on its structure.
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Alsup, Barbara Kathleen. "Investigation of Second, Fourth, and Eighth Sternal Rib End Variation Related to Age Estimation." 2007. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/104.

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Estimating age at death accurately can be invaluable in answering important questions in fields such as paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology and forensic anthropology. Sternal rib ends have received a great deal of research attention as an area that uniformly changes with age. The most popular methods developed in this area were developed by Iscan and coworkers (1984, 1985) using the right, fourth rib. However, the accuracy of this method has been called into question using different ribs (Yoder et al., 2001). The right, second, fourth and eighth ribs from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection were examined using the Iscan et al. (1984, 1985) methods. Wilcoxon rank sum tests demonstrate that there is a significant difference between scores obtained using the right, fourth rib and the second and eighth ribs. In order to better understand these differences, a transition analysis was performed. This analysis showed that the second rib was significantly over-aged using the Iscan methods, while the eighth rib was consistently under-aged, although in some cases not significantly.
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Makarov, Sophie. "Age and species related variation in the development of growth plates of the knee and implications for the locomotion of Australopithecus afarensis." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8541.

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Comprendre l'évolution de la bipédie est un élément essentiel à la recherche en paléoanthropologie, car ce comportement est le trait le plus important utilisé pour identifier les fossiles comme appartenant à la lignée des hominines. La topographie de la surface infradiaphysaire du fémur et du tibia pourrait donner un aperçu du comportement locomoteur des espèces fossiles, mais n'a pas été étudiée de façon approfondie. Ce trait reflète directement les différences dans la locomotion, puisque la surface change de topographie pour mieux résister aux charges encourues par les mouvements réguliers. Le plan infradiaphysaire du fémur chez les humain est relativement plat, tandis que la surface est plus irrégulière chez les grands singes. Dans ce projet, les métaphyses du genou ont été étudiées d’une manière quantifiée afin de percevoir les différences entre espèces et mieux comprendre le développement ontogénique de ces traits. Les angles formés par les protrusions et les creux de ces surfaces ont été mesurés à partir de points de repère enregistrés en trois-dimensions sur les métaphyses du genou chez les humains, chimpanzés, gorilles, et orangs-outans, et chez trois fossiles Australopithecus afarensis, afin d’observer de l’effet de facteurs tel le stade de croissance et l’appartenance à une espèce sur la topographie des plaques de croissance du genou. Les angles d’obliquité du fémur et du tibia ont aussi été mesurés et analysés. Les résultats ont révélé que le stade développemental et l’appartenance à une espèce et, par association, le mode de locomotion, ont un effet significatif sur les métaphyses du genou. Il a également été constaté que les mesures d'Australopithecus afarensis chevauchent les valeurs trouvées chez les humains et chez les grands singes, ce qui suggère que cette espèce avait possiblement conservé une composante arboricole dans son comportement locomoteur habituel.
Understanding the evolution of bipedality is a critical part of research in paleoanthropology, as it is the single-most important trait used to identify fossils as belonging to the hominin lineage. The topography of the infradiaphyseal plane could provide insight into the locomotor behaviour of fossil species, but has not been studied extensively. This trait directly reflects differences in locomotion, as the surface changes to resist loads incurred by regular movement. Humans have an infradiaphyseal plane that is relatively flat, while this feature is very convoluted in great apes. This project studied this feature in the femur and tibia quantifiably to allow for statistical comparisons between species and to provide a better understanding of its ontogenic development. Three-dimensional landmarks were recorded from the metaphyses of the knee in humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orang-utans, and three Australopithecus afarensis fossils. Using these landmarks, angles formed by the salient points of these planes were analyzed to confirm observations that development and species have a significant effect on the topography of growth plates of the knee. Carrying angles of the femur and tibia were also measured and analyzed. Results revealed that development and species, and by extension, mode of locomotion, have a significant effect on the overall metaphyses of the knee, especially on the sagittal plane. It was also found that A. afarensis have values that overlap human and great ape ranges, suggesting this species had probably retained an arboreal component in its regular locomotion.
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Books on the topic "Age-related variation"

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Burt, Ronda Lynn. Tissue metal levels in barren ground caribou (Rangifer tarandus) of Southampton Island, N.W.T.: Assessment of annual variation, age-related effects and maternal-fetal patterns among dams and their unborn calves. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Biology, 1993.

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McKinney, Christy, and Raul Caetano. Substance Use and Race and Ethnicity. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.011.

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Patterns of alcohol and drug use vary across race/ethnicity and according to type of alcohol or drug use. Notable differences across race/ethnicity exist for estimates of current drinking, level of drinking, binge drinking, alcohol abuse and/or dependence, beverage preference, driving while under the influence of alcohol, illicit drug use, alcohol or drug treatment, and alcohol-related adverse outcomes. Across race/ethnicity, substance use varies over sex, age, time, and level of acculturation. Although this variation is often similar across race/ethnicity (e.g., men drink more than women, the young more than the old), the magnitude of these differences is greater among some race/ethnicity groups. Race/ethnicity also plays a key role in substance use-related outcomes; some groups experience a disproportionate burden of alcohol-related ailments such as certain cancers, comorbid psychiatric conditions, or violence.
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Jackson, Kristina M., and Carolyn E. Sartor. The Natural Course of Substance Use and Dependence. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381678.013.007.

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Substance use and substance use disorders show normative epidemiological age-related trends, with typically onset in the late adolescent to young adult years, manifesting peak prevalences in emerging adulthood, and decreasing thereafter. Although less prevalent in older adults, substance misuse is more consequential when present and thus represents a public health concern. Careful examination of the population-based empirical literature indicates the necessity of viewing substance involvement in the context of development, with unique developmental factors associated with its onset, course, and resolution. Many individuals who suffer from a substance use disorder appear to “recover” without formal treatment. Despite normative age-related trends, there is considerable individual course variation, and modern statistical techniques have identified several distinct prototypic courses that appear to differ in their determinants and consequences. Research using a lifespan perspective on substance use and misuse has powerful implications for the design of effective, developmentally informed prevention and intervention programs.
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Trucco, Elisa M., Gabriel L. Schlomer, and Brian M. Hicks. A Developmental Perspective on the Genetic Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0004.

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Approximately 48–66% of the variation in alcohol use disorders is heritable. This chapter provides an overview of the genetic influences that contribute to alcohol use disorder within a developmental perspective. Namely, risk for problematic alcohol use is framed as a function of age-related changes in the relative contribution of genetic and environmental factors and an end state of developmental processes. This chapter discusses the role of development in the association between genes and the environment on risk for alcohol use disorder. Designs used to identify genetic factors relevant to problematic alcohol use are discussed. Studies examining developmental pathways to alcohol use disorder with a focus on endophenotypes and intermediate phenotypes are reviewed. Finally, areas for further investigation are offered.
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Uittenhove, Kim, and Patrick Lemaire. Numerical Cognition during Cognitive Aging. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.045.

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This chapter provides an overview of age-related changes and stabilities in numerical cognition. For each component (i.e. approximate and exact number system, quantification, and arithmetic) of numerical cognition, we review changes in participants’ performance during normal and pathological aging in a wide variety of tasks (e.g. number comparison, subitizing, counting, and simple or complex arithmetic problem-solving). We discuss both behavioral and neural mechanisms underlying these performance variations. Moreover, we highlight the importance of taking into account strategic variations. Indeed, investigating strategy repertoire (i.e. how young and older adults accomplish numerical cognitive tasks), selection (i.e. how participants choose strategies on each problem), execution (i.e. how strategies are implemented once selected), and distribution (i.e. how often participants use each available strategy) enables to determine sources of aging effects and individual differences in numerical cognition. Finally, we discuss potential future research to further our understanding of age-related changes in numerical cognition.
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Nader, Kathleen, and Mary Beth Williams. Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders. Edited by Thomas H. Ollendick, Susan W. White, and Bradley A. White. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190634841.013.22.

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Developmental age and symptom variations influence treatment needs for trauma- and stressor-related disorders (TSRD). TSRD include disorders found in children age 6 and under (reactive attachment disorder, disinhibited social engagement disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD] < 6) and those described for individuals who are older than age 6 (PTSD, PTSD with dissociative symptoms, acute stress disorder, adjustment reactions, and other specific TSRD, e.g., complicated grief). Treatments for children under age 6 primarily focus on caregiver–child dyads. Post-trauma symptoms such as those described for PTSD with dissociative symptoms, complicated grief, and complicated trauma require alterations in proven trauma-focused methods. In addition to appropriately timed processing of the trauma, treatments for youths are best when they are multifaceted (also include, for example, focus on support systems and relationships; self-skills, e.g., regulation, coping; and other age, symptom, and trait-related factors). For children, treatment methods often include creative methods as well (e.g., drawings, storytelling).
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Lachniet, Matthew S., and Juan Pablo Bernal-Uruchurtu. AD 550–600 Collapse at Teotihuacan. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199329199.003.0006.

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We analyze a 2400-year rainfall reconstruction from an ultra-high-resolution absolutely-dated stalagmite (JX-6) from southwestern Mexico (Lachniet et al., 2012). Oxygen isotope variations correlate strongly to rainfall amount in the Mexico City area since 1870 CE, and for the wider southwestern Mexico region since 1948, allowing us to quantitatively reconstruct rainfall variability for the Basin of Mexico and Sierra Madre del Sur for the past 2400 years. Because oxygen isotopes integrate rainfall variations over broad geographic regions, our data suggest substantial variations in Mesoamerican monsoon strength over the past two millennia. As a result of low age uncertainties (≤ 11 yr), our stalagmite paleoclimate reconstruction allows us to place robust ages on past rainfall variations with a resolution an order of magnitude more precise than archeological dates associated with societal change. We relate our new rainfall reconstruction to the sequence of events at Teotihuacan (Millon, 1967; Cowgill, 2015a) and to other pre-Colombian civilizations in Mesoamerica. We observe a centuries long drying trend that culminated in peak drought conditions in ca. 750 CE related to a weakening monsoon, which may have been a stressor on Mesoamerican societies. Teotihuacan is an ideal location to test for links between climate change and society, because it was located in a semi-arid highland valley with limited permanent water sources, which relied upon spring fed irrigation to ensure a reliable maize harvest (Sanders, 1977). The city of Teotihuacan was one of the largest Mesoamerican cities, which apparently reached population sizes of 80,000 to 100,000 inhabitants by AD 300 (Cowgill, 1997; 2015a). Following the “Great Fire”, which dates approximately to AD 550, population decreased to lower levels and many buildings were abandoned (Cowgill, 2015). Because of the apparent reliance on rainwater capture (Linn é, 2003) and spring-fed agriculture in the Teotihuacan valley to ensure food security and drinking water, food production and domestic water supplies should have been sensitive to rainfall variations that recharge the surficial aquifer that sustained spring discharge prior recent groundwater extraction.
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Preter, Sabina E., Theodore Shapiro, and Barbara Milrod. Time-Limited Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190877712.003.0002.

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Child and adolescent anxiety psychodynamic psychotherapy (CAPP) follows psychoanalytic principles by addressing the unconscious meaning of the child’s symptoms, while employing a time-limited, twice-weekly frame, which affects technique. In Chapter 2, the authors illustrate how the therapist establishes a collaborative and empathic relationship with the child, identifies a central psychological dynamism early, and consistently refocuses on the presenting anxiety symptoms and the jointly identified psychological dynamisms. The authors describe variations in psychotherapeutic technique necessitated by the age-related capacities of the young patient. Important psychodynamic principles, such as transference, are described. Reflective functioning, which is the capacity to be reflective about one’s own mind and to envision mental states in others, is explained. Selective attention is paid to symptom-specific reflective functioning, which refers to the capacity to reflect on the specific anxiety symptoms and their meanings as an important mediator of change.
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Jordan, Joanne M., Kelli D. Allen, and Leigh F. Callahan. Age, gender, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status in osteoarthritis and its outcomes. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0010.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint condition worldwide. It can impair mobility and result in significant disability, need for total joint replacement, and healthcare utilization. OA is unusual in those younger than 40 years, then commonly the result of an underlying metabolic disorder or a prior joint injury. Some geographic and racial/ethnic variation exists in the prevalence and incidence of OA for specific joints, likely due to variation in genetics, anatomy, and environmental exposures. Many OA outcomes vary by socioeconomic status and other social factors. This chapter describes demographic and social determinants of knee, hip, and hand OA, including how these factors impact radiographic and symptomatic OA, OA-related pain and function, and its treatment.
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Book chapters on the topic "Age-related variation"

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Issa, Jean-Pierre. "Age-Related Variation in DNA Methylation." In Epigenetic Epidemiology, 185–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2495-2_11.

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Keith, Kelsey, Jean-Pierre J. Issa, and Shoghag Panjarian. "Age-Related Variation in DNA Methylation." In Epigenetic Epidemiology, 235–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94475-9_10.

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Roth, Stephen M. "Genetic Variation and Skeletal Muscle Traits: Implications for Sarcopenia." In Sarcopenia – Age-Related Muscle Wasting and Weakness, 223–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9713-2_11.

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Nevalainen, Terttu. "Age-related variation and language change in Early Modern English." In Language Development, 129–46. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/impact.37.07nev.

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Geraghty, Brendan, Charles Whitford, Craig Boote, Riaz Akhtar, and Ahmed Elsheikh. "Age-Related Variation in the Biomechanical and Structural Properties of the Corneo-Scleral Tunic." In Engineering Materials and Processes, 207–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03970-1_9.

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Theis, Kevin R., Arvind Venkataraman, Aaron P. Wagner, Kay E. Holekamp, and Thomas M. Schmidt. "Age-Related Variation in the Scent Pouch Bacterial Communities of Striped Hyenas (Hyaena hyaena)." In Chemical Signals in Vertebrates 13, 87–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22026-0_7.

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McKinney, Alexander M. "Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging: Concepts, Basal Ganglia Variation in Age-Related Iron Deposition, and Artifacts." In Atlas of Normal Imaging Variations of the Brain, Skull, and Craniocervical Vasculature, 441–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39790-0_20.

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SanGiovanni, John Paul, Sonia Mehta, and Sonul Mehta. "Variation in Lipid-Associated Genes as They Relate to Risk of Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration." In World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics, 105–58. Basel: KARGER, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000193002.

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Frank, David, Keyan Fang, and Patrick Fonti. "Dendrochronology: Fundamentals and Innovations." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 21–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_2.

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AbstractThis chapter overviews long-standing foundations, methods, and concepts of dendrochronology, yet also pays attention to a few related paradigm shifts driven by isotope measurements in tree-rings. The basics of annual ring formation are first reviewed, followed by structural descriptions of tree-rings at the macroscopic-to-microscopic scale including earlywoodandlatewoodin conifers (gymnosperms) and hardwoods (angiosperms), as well as wood anatomical features. Numerous examples of inter-disciplinary applications connected to various tree-ring parameters are provided. With the foundation of tree-rings established, this chapter then describes the process and necessity for crossdating—the process by which each and every ring is assigned to a specific year. Methods and terminology related to field sampling also briefly described. The long-standing paradigm of site selection criteria—well shown to maximize common signals in tree-ring width datasets—is challenged in a brief discussion of newer tree-ring isotope literature demonstrating that robust chronologies with high signal-to-noise ratios can be obtained at non-ecotonal locations. Opportunities for isotope measurements to enable crossdating in otherwise challenging contexts are likewise highlighted. The chapter reviews a conceptual framework to disaggregate tree-ring time-series, with special attention to detrending and standardization methods used to mitigate tree-age/size related noise common to many applications such as dendroclimatic reconstruction. Some of the drivers of long-term trends in tree-ring isotope data such as the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2, age/size/height trends, and climate variation are presented along with related debates/uncertainties evident in literature in order to establish priorities for future investigations. The development of tree-ring chronologies and related quality control metrics used to assess the common signal and the variance of tree-ring data are described, along with the limitations in correlation based statistics to determine the robustness of tree-ring datasets particularly in the low frequency domain. These statistical methods will gain relevance as tree-ring isotope datasets increasingly approach sample replications and dataset structures typical for tree-ring width measurements.
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Wei, Ge, and Hannele Niemi. "Ethical Guidelines for Artificial Intelligence-Based Learning: A Transnational Study Between China and Finland." In AI in Learning: Designing the Future, 265–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09687-7_16.

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AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) plays an increasingly prevalent role in the global education system. However, there is a lack of transparency about how AI technologies work alongside certain ethical guidelines. Achieving the global benefits of AI-driven learning and education requires international dialogue on the commonplaces of ethical considerations. This paper, taking China and Finland as two contextual cases, analyzes how AI-related policies at the national level have focused on educational themes and established aims for improving the quality of learning and education. As a result, four themes for AI ethics have emerged: (1) inclusion and personalization, (2) justice and safety, (3) transparency and responsibility, and (4) autonomy and sustainability. Although both China and Finland recognize the importance of AI ethics, the differences are manifested in their policy approaches, properties, and strategies due to sociocultural variation. This chapter emphasizes the need for international and transnational dialogue from ethical perspectives to foster our reciprocal understanding of AI and the human-centered stance on education in the digitized age.
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Conference papers on the topic "Age-related variation"

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Verma, Tapish, and Indu Saini. "Age-related variation in EEG to music stimulation: A nonlinear analysis." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Computing Technologies (NGCT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ngct.2016.7877404.

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RESTREPO, NICOLE A., SABRINA L. MITCHELL, ROBERT J. GOODLOE, DEBORAH G. MURDOCK, JONANTHAN L. HAINES, and DANA C. CRAWFORD. "MITOCHONDRIAL VARIATION AND THE RISK OF AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION ACROSS DIVERSE POPULATIONS." In Proceedings of the Pacific Symposium. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814644730_0024.

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Isaksson, Hanna, Viktoria Prantner, and Jukka S. Jurvelin. "Age Related Variation in BMD and Trabecular Architecture Differs Between the Proximal Femur and Calcaneus in Men." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53524.

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Fragility fractures due to degradation of the bone tissue during aging or development of osteoporosis are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in elderly patients. A variety of factors contribute to the overall resistance of bones to fracture, e.g. the bone quality. Traditionally, bone mineral density (BMD) as assessed by the dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the gold standard for osteoporosis diagnostics 1. However, BMD alone is insufficient to explain fracture risk in patients 2. Additional characterization of bone structural parameters may provide more insight into the predictive capacity of BMD with respect to bone structural parameters. Further, as various skeletal sites are used to assess bone status, differences in structural characteristics of skeletal sites should be addressed.
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Engert, Susan F. "Age-Related Variation in Injury Occurrence to Automobile Occupants: An Analysis of the 1982 National Accident Sampling System." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/860497.

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Bielecka, M., S. Zielińska, B. Pencakowski, M. Stafiniak, S. Ślusarczyk, A. Prescha, and A. Matkowski. "Age-related variation in polyphenol content and expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes in a medicinal and aromatic perennial Agastache rugosa." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3399780.

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Aidar, Osvaldo de Alcântara Braga. "CHANGES IN KI67 AS A PROGNOSTIC FACTOR AFTER NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY IN BREAST CANCER." In Abstracts from the Brazilian Breast Cancer Symposium - BBCS 2021. Mastology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29289/259453942021v31s2086.

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Objective: Patients with tumors that require neoadjuvant chemotherapy may have a better prognosis when there is a good response to therapy. Those who do not have a complete response are the target of studies that aim to improve overall survival, and for that, factors that guide additional therapy should be identified. This study aims to evaluate the prognostic influence of Ki67 and its variation between the values analyzed before neoadjuvant chemotherapy and after surgery in patients with residual disease. Methods: The medical records of 126 patients treated between 2008 and 2013 at CORA/HC-UFG with breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Of these, 43 patients with invasive breast carcinoma met the inclusion criteria, and the data were collected on the histological and immunohistochemical types, presence of hormone receptors for invasive breast tumors, in addition to the evaluation of age, stage, and chemotherapy medications used. Ki67 should be evaluated in the material of the diagnostic core biopsy and in the surgical specimen with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The monitoring of events was carried out until the cutoff date of January 1, 2019. Results: The high Ki67 value at diagnosis was related to a worse prognosis, while low values were related to a lower incidence of clinical events (p=0.004). The optimal value found in the receiver operating characteristic curve as a cutoff for high or low values was 25%, with the statistical significance for sensitivity and specificity (p=0.008). There was no statistical significance in event-free survival and overall survival related to the Ki67 variation assessed on biopsy and surgical specimen after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, with p=0.67 and p=0.57, respectively. Conclusion: The high rates of Ki67 at diagnosis are related to worse survival in patients who have undergone neoadjuvant chemotherapy and have residual disease. The variation of its values before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy cannot be used as a predictive factor to the treatment until there are larger studies, with the standardization of its evaluation.
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Fuentes Morales, Irma, Nikolaus Vogt, Claus Tappert, and Linda Schmidtobreick. "Photometric long-term variations and superhump occurrence in the Classical Nova RR Pictoris." In The Golden Age of Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects IV. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.315.0054.

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Tur, Ethel, and Sarah Brenner. "Age-related regional variations of human skin blood flow response to histamine." In BiOS Europe '96, edited by Gregory B. Altshuler, Fausto Chiesa, Herbert J. Geschwind, Raimund Hibst, Neville Krasner, Frederic Laffitte, Giulio Maira, et al. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.260675.

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Grøndahl-HANSEN, J., N. Agerlin, L. S. Nielsen, and K. Danø. "SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN HUMAN PLASMA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644425.

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An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the measurement of human urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in plasma and serum. Microtiter plates were coated with a monoclonal antibody and incubated with standard or sample. Bound u-PA was quantitated with polyclonal antibodies conjugated with biotin, followed by avidin-peroxidase. The assay was 10-fold as sensitive as other previously reported ELISAs, the detection limit being approximately 1 pg of u-PA in a volume of 100 μl with a linear dose-response up to 15 pg of u-PA. The assay detected active u-PA and its inactive proenzyme form equally well and the recovery of both forms was higher than 90% in plasma. A variety of structurally related proteins, including t-PA, were tested, but no reaction with proteins other than u-PA and its amino-terminal degradation product were observed. The intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation for determination of u-PA in plasma were 7.6% and 8.4%, respectively. The assay was equally applicable to serum. The values obtained with plasma and serum were similar, and the results were not affected by small variations in the preparation of the samples. The ELISA was used to measure the concentration of u-PA in plasma from 34 healthy donors. The mean values for u-PA in plasma from healthy donors was 1.1 ng/ml ± 0.3 ng/ml (SD) (range 0.6 - 1.5 ng/ml). No significant differences were found between men and women and no correlation between u-PA concentration and age could be demonstrated.The mean u-PA concentration in plasma from healthy donors obtained in this study is substantially lower than that reported by others. This might be due to different methods of determination of the protein content of the standard preparations or to differences in the specificity of the assays.
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Livsey, A. R. "Using Spatial Analysis of Hydrocarbon Compositions to Better Understand the Petroleum Systems of the South Sumatra Basin, Indonesia." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-g-125.

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The South Sumatra Basin has been a focus for hydrocarbon exploration since the earliest oil discoveries in the late 1890s. Despite production of over 2500MMbbls of oil and 9.5TCF of gas our regional understanding of the basin’s petroleum systems is still evolving. Most discoveries occur along a series of Late Neogene NNW-SSE elongated anticlines. The most prolific reservoirs are fluvial – shallow marine sandstones of the Upper Oligocene – Lower Miocene Talang Akar Formation but hydrocarbons have also been discovered in numerous sandstone and carbonate reservoirs ranging in age from Middle – Late Miocene to Eocene. Pre-Tertiary fractured Basement reservoirs are also important gas producers. A geochemical database for produced, tested and seep oils and gases has been compiled from the analytical reports, produced by different service companies over a 40-year period, to understand the spatial distribution of hydrocarbon types and relate this to source type, source maturity and migration patterns. Integration with published palaeoenvironmental reconstructions for the time intervals associated with source rock deposition has enabled a better understanding of migration directions and migration limits. The database of over 100 oils and 40 gases has revealed a wider variation in geochemical character than previously thought, indicating the presence of numerous fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine types suggesting subtle variations in the character of the effective source rocks within the basin, related to both organic matter type and depositional environment. Seven major oil families, often with several sub-groups, have been identified, while the presence of both biogenic and thermogenic gases of varying maturities are also noted. Spatial analysis of these hydrocarbons, integrated with source rock indications, palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and structural maps have allowed definition of kitchen areas and drainage areas for these hydrocarbon accumulations and a better understanding of the charge risk and likely hydrocarbon type in undrilled areas.
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Reports on the topic "Age-related variation"

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Cohen, Yuval, Christopher A. Cullis, and Uri Lavi. Molecular Analyses of Soma-clonal Variation in Date Palm and Banana for Early Identification and Control of Off-types Generation. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592124.bard.

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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is the major fruit tree grown in arid areas in the Middle East and North Africa. In the last century, dates were introduced to new regions including the USA. Date palms are traditionally propagated through offshoots. Expansion of modern date palm groves led to the development of Tissue Culture propagation methods that generate a large number of homogenous plants, have no seasonal effect on plant source and provide tools to fight the expansion of date pests and diseases. The disadvantage of this procedure is the occurrence of off-type trees which differ from the original cultivar. In the present project we focused on two of the most common date palm off-types: (1) trees with reduced fruit setting, in which most of the flowers turn into three-carpel parthenocarpic fruits. In a severe form, multi-carpel flowers and fruitlets (with up to six or eight carpels instead of the normal three-carpel flowers) are also formed. (2) dwarf trees, having fewer and shorter leaves, very short trunk and are not bearing fruits at their expected age, compared to the normal trees. Similar off-types occur in other crop species propagated by tissue culture, like banana (mainly dwarf plants) or oil palm (with a common 'Mantled' phenotype with reduced fruit setting and occurrence of supernumerary carpels). Some off-types can only be detected several years after planting in the fields. Therefore, efficient methods for prevention of the generation of off-types, as well as methods for their detection and early removal, are required for date palms, as well as for other tissue culture propagated crops. This research is aimed at the understanding of the mechanisms by which off-types are generated, and developing markers for their early identification. Several molecular and genomic approaches were applied. Using Methylation Sensitive AFLP and bisulfite sequencing, we detected changes in DNA methylation patterns occurring in off-types. We isolated and compared the sequence and expression of candidate genes, genes related to vegetative growth and dwarfism and genes related to flower development. While no sequence variation were detected, changes in gene expression, associated with the severity of the "fruit set" phenotype were detected in two genes - PdDEF (Ortholog of rice SPW1, and AP3 B type MADS box gene), and PdDIF (a defensin gene, highly homologous to the oil palm gene EGAD). We applied transcriptomic analyses, using high throughput sequencing, to identify genes differentially expressed in the "palm heart" (the apical meristem and the region of embryonic leaves) of dwarf vs. normal trees. Among the differentially expressed genes we identified genes related to hormonal biosynthesis, perception and regulation, genes related to cell expansion, and genes related to DNA methylation. Using Representation Difference Analyses, we detected changes in the genomes of off-type trees, mainly chloroplast-derived sequences that were incorporated in the nuclear genome and sequences of transposable elements. Sequences previously identified as differing between normal and off-type trees of oil palms or banana, successfully identified variation among date palm off-types, suggesting that these represent highly labile regions of monocot genomes. The data indicate that the date palm genome, similarly to genomes of other monocot crops as oil palm and banana, is quite unstable when cells pass through a cycle of tissue culture and regeneration. Changes in DNA sequences, translocation of DNA fragments and alteration of methylation patterns occur. Consequently, patterns of gene expression are changed, resulting in abnormal phenotypes. The data can be useful for future development of tools for early identification of off-type as well as for better understanding the phenomenon of somaclonal variation during propagation in vitro.
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Fields, Michael J., Mordechai Shemesh, and Anna-Riitta Fuchs. Significance of Oxytocin and Oxytocin Receptors in Bovine Pregnancy. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568790.bard.

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Oxytocin has multiple actions in bovine reproductive tract and it was our purpose to determine the nature of these actions and their significance for the physiology of bovine reproduction. The bovine oxytocin receptors (OTR) gene was cloned and its expression studied during the cycle and pregnancy. OTR mRNA changed in parallel with OTR with control occurring mainly at the transcriptional level. However, the endocrine regulation of OTR were found in endometrium and cervical mucosa at estrus and at parturition. In both tissues OTR were suppressed in the luteal phase and early pregnancy. Whereas cervical OTR remained suppressed throughout pregnancy, endometrial OTR began to increase soon after implantation and reached higher concentrations in midpregnancy than at estrus. OTR in caruncles did not increase until third trimester, and OTR in cervical mucosa, cotyledons and fetal membranes increased only at term. Myometrial OTR showed less variation and OTR were present throughout the cycle and pregnancy but increased significantly during mid- and late pregnancy. OTR were localized in endometrial epithelial cells and lumina epithelial cells of cervical mucosa as determined by immunohistochemistry. Endometrial OTR were functional throughout pregnancy and mediated PGF release from day 50 onwards in a receptor density related manner. OTR in cervical mucosa mediated PGE release both in vivo and in vitro, as shown in cyclic cows. The ontogeny of uterine OTR was studied from third trimester fetal stage until puberty. OTR were present in endometrium and cervical mucosa in high concentrations throughout this period; myometrial OTR began to increase somewhat later but also reached adult values by 6-mo of age. In the prepuberal heifers OT injections failed to initiate PGF2a, release. The influence of steroids on the effect of OT was examined. Ovariectomy and E2 were without effect, but P4 with or without E2 induced a massive PGF2a release in response to OT in spite of reduced OTR. Bovine cyclooxygenases (COX-1 and COX-2) were cloned and their expression studied in the endometrium of prepuberal heifers and pregnant cows. Untreated and E2 treated prepuberal heifers did not express COX-2 but P4 treated heifers did express the mRNA for COX-2, albeit weakly. During the second half of pregnancy COX-2 mRNA was strongly expressed in cotyledons and somewhat less in caruncles, whereas endometrium, myometrium and cervical mucosa showed only weak, if any, COX-2 mRNA under basal conditions. However, 2 h after OT injection significant increases in COX-2 mRNA were found in endometrial RNA. Thus OT is capable of inducing the expression of the inducible COX-2 gene, and hence the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostanoids. The results indicate that the functions of OT are numerous and probably essential for successful pregnancy and parturition.
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Ni, Jiachun, Qiong Jiang, Gang Mao, Yi Yang, Qin Wei, Changcheng Hou, Xiangdong Yang, Wenbin Fan, and Zengjin Cai. The effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0091.

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Review question / Objective: Is acupuncture a safe and effective therapy for constipation associated with Parkinson’s disease? Our aim is to assess the effectiveness and safety of acupuncture for constipation associated with PD and give guidance to future research direction. Condition being studied: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent degenerative disease of nervous system characterized mainly by static tremor, bradykinesia, myotonia, postural gait disorders and other non-motor symptoms. According to variations on race, ethnicity, age and sex, the incidence of PD ranges from 8 to 20.5 per 100, 000 individuals annually. One global research shows that there were 6.1 million individuals suffer from PD in 2016 and will be 12 million patients around the world. According to several outcomes of case-control studies, the prevalence of constipation in PD varies from 28% to 61%. Constipation, as a common gastrointestinal disease which refers to the clinical presentation of reduced spontaneous complete bowel movement, dyschezia, feeling of incomplete defecation and outlet obstruction, is demonstrated to antedate the motor symptom and it's severity is related to the progression of PD. Acupuncture has been proved to act on the pathogenesis of constipation associated with PD. The proposed systematic review we're about to present is the first advanced evidence-based medical evidence in this area.
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