Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Age pension'
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Vidler, Sacha. "Pension reform an analysis of the economic foundations of private pensions /." University of Sydney. Political Economy, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/577.
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The dissertation investigates support by economists for the global policy shift away from unfunded public pension schemes towards funded private pension schemes. Influential economists and institutions, including the World Bank, present a suite of economic arguments that suggest that this shift will have positive effects on national economies, particularly in the context of aging. The arguments may be categorised according to their relation to the operation of three sets of institutions: capital markets, labour markets and political systems. In capital markets, the transition is purported to increase private and national saving, increase the quantity and quality of investment, and provide more efficient private administration. In labour markets, it is claimed that the shift will reduce labour market distortions associated with public pensions, which inhibit competitiveness, produce unemployment and encourage early retirement. According to the World Bank, public pensions systems cause these distortions without achieving their stated objective of reducing inequality. In the political sphere, the shift is purported to insulate the pension system from political pressures, which otherwise inevitably lead to crisis. The thesis provides evidence which refutes these claims. The best research, including studies by orthodox economists, indicate that the shift does not increase savings or investment, or improve the quality of financial investment. The main effect of tax concessions associated with private pension systems is to divert to private pension funds savings that would occur in any case via other mechanisms. The tax concessions are also regressive, even in systems with compulsory elements. Private administration of pensions, particularly in a plural consumer market setting, is highly inefficient, with customers at a disadvantage in dealing with providers due to the complexity and opacity of products and pricing. A negative relationship is found between public pension spending and levels of elderly poverty, suggesting that reducing public pension spending increases levels of elderly inequality. Public pensions are found not to explain differences in economic growth between regions. Elements of system design which distort labour markets, such as by encouraging early retirement, can easily be adjusted. However, such elements are explicit government policy in several countries. A review of public and private pensions finds that examples of public system crisis are associated with instances of economic and political collapse, rather than system design. Private funded systems are found to be more vulnerable, not less, to the same external influences. Relatively generous universal public pension systems are found to be financially sustainable despite demographic change, assuming modest levels of economic growth.
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Lau, Cheung-yun Lily. "Mandatory provident fund as a replacement for civil service pension in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2218871X.
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Cozort, Larry A. "The effect of accrued pension benefit preservation on worker mobility in muliemployer plans." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54746.
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The relationship between mobility of vested plan participants and the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans was investigated. The assumption that pension benefit forfeiture retards worker mobility was considered. The assumption that worker mobility is enhanced by benefit preservation is one of the justifications for tax incentives provided retirement plans.
Several variables were considered in addition to the use or nonuse of reciprocity agreements; however, none of the variables were found to be significantly related to the turnover rate for vested plan participants in multiemployer plans. The primary conclusion of the research was that the hypothesis that benefit preservation through the use of reciprocity agreements in multiemployer plans is ineffective in increasing turnover for vested plan participants could not be rejected.Ph. D.
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Tenbrock, Klaus. "Die betriebliche Altersversorgung im Betriebsübergang bei konkurrierenden Versorgungszusagen /." Frankfurt am Main ; New York : Lang, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014841670&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Palme, Joakim. "Pension rights in welfare capitalism the development of old-age pensions in 18 OECD countries 1930 to 1986 /." Stockholm : Swedish Institute for Social Research, 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/26763202.html.
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Stevens, Jonathan. "The deserving poor : aspects of the old age pension movement in South Australia and the Commonwealth /." Title page, contents and preface only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars8443.pdf.
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Gash, Alexander, and n/a. "Anticipatory Budgeting: A Long-Term Analysis of Old Age Pensions in Australia, Canada and Sweden." Griffith University. Griffith Business School, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20061109.103403.
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The impact of population ageing on the social budgets of the future is a phenomenon confronting many of the world's wealthiest and most advanced nations. The impending retirement of the 'baby boomers' has raised concerns about the inadequacy of budgetary frameworks (both conceptual and real) to fulfil the financial commitments of demographically sensitive programs, namely old age pensions. Pension schemes represent, by far, the largest social welfare commitment of first world nations. Old age pensions are also demographically sensitive. Furthermore, pension systems play a crucial role in alleviating poverty, in recognising the previous contribution of an individual and in maintaining of the social and economic wellbeing of democratic polities. The financial stability of pension schemes and the ability of governments to meet future commitments will become significant issues of public policy as the pressures from population ageing intensify. Yet, committing resources, or budgeting, for longer-term pressures is an inherently problematic exercise both from an intellectual and a practical perspective. For long-term resourcing to be successful it requires perfect foresight and a level of political commitment that typically eludes most politicians and governments. Longer or medium-term budgetary pressures are often ignored or avoided until they impact on the immediate chances of either fiscal or electoral success. As such, societies face the prospect of looming financial burdens, but only have a box of short-term tools at their disposal and a limited body of scholarship to guide them through this ticking political 'time bomb'. This research tackles a significant omission in the existing literature on budgeting, public policy and social welfare, by proposing a conceptual framework for the anticipation, conceptualisation and analysis of future budget pressures. In doing so, it brings together analytical frameworks of government budgeting and social policy from a number of disciplinary areas and weaves them into a conceptual framework that allows for diagnostic and prescriptive analysis of budgetary pressures within a particular policy/spending area. The framework is also compatible with existing budgetary frameworks and decision-making processes. Through the analysis of the old age pension systems in Australia, Canada and Sweden this thesis makes an important contribution to the understanding of how demographic transition will impact on the future stability of pension schemes. The thesis contends that ageing populations will place significant pressure on each pillar of the pension system to meet its future financial commitments. This pressure will, in turn, have important implications for national budgetary processes and old age pension policy over the coming decades. In particular, governments will be required to implement a range of techniques that sit both within and beyond the traditional bounds of most budget processes. It will be imperative for researchers to explore the complexities and political possibilities of budget reform and to search for ways in which the longer-term needs of society can be adequately satisfied through the budget process.
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Raab, Roman. "Pension Reform and Retirement Incentives: Evidence from Austria." unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07312008-120625/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Sally Wallace, committee chair; Bruce A. Seaman, Klara S. Peter, Stephen J. Kay, committee members. Electronic text (116 p. : col. ill. ) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Sept. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 112-115).
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Ranyakane, P. "Old age pension as a means of poverty alleviation in Lesotho." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1371.
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Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the Masters in Community Work in the department of Social Work at the University of ZululandThis study seeks to investigate the impact of the old age pension in Lesotho in alleviating poverty among the elderly people and its impact to promote their well-being. Most of the elderly people depend on the social security pensions because they lack opportunities to advance themselves socially and economically. The aging process results to various physiological changes to different people such as skeletal weakness, sight problem and forgetfulness. At this age, the elderly people need more attention to be taken care of but not to take care of other people. Therefore, there is a necessity for the policies to be implemented on behalf of the elderly people. There are different challenges that are encountered by the elderly people; finance being the major problem that contribute to poverty that affect their lives. The majority of the elderly at the age of 70 years are not capable to engage in hard work which impact on them being depended on old age pension. This study focuses on the old age pension as a means of poverty alleviation in Lesotho. The study further explores the social pension scheme for the elderly, and how it strives to develop the socio-economic and demographic profiles of the elderly, with a view to providing policy-makers with information that might be useful either in the reform or expanding of the pension in order to alleviate poverty for the elderly. Another important aspect of this study is to analyse the current pension and its impact on poverty, from the perspective of the elderly. The main aim of this study was to outline whether the old age pension alleviate poverty in the lives of the elderly people, to find out whether they are able to meet their needs and the needs of the children. The study also sought to answer the question of whether the pension is enough to meet the elderly needs. The findings of this study revealed that there is a necessity for the implementers to evaluate the pension money that is given to the elderly people as it does not meet all of their needs. Therefore, it will be advisable to the government to look into introducing of policies that will swathe and guard the abusive behavioural patterns on elderly people from other people, including family members and community members. The government can assists the elderly people by providing for the needs of the orphans that they are staying with, so as to enhance the means of livelihood for the elderly people and the children. The different findings prior and during research discovered that, in Lesotho, there are no policies that protect the elderly people from financial abuse, socially and their livelihood in general and the elderly are not included in the decision making of their families, communities and the government policies.
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Sejanamane, Nkhahle Daniel. "Challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/20477.
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The research set out to explore the nature of challenges in distribution of old age pensions in Lesotho. Poor institutional capacity failed the implementing agency, the Department of Pensions; to set up competent administrative structures to run run the pensions effectively and efficiently. A number of challenges have been identified, some of which were: inadequate supervision of the paying officers, fraud by workers and community agents, missing funds, insufficient resources, inadequate administrative capacity, overworked employees, faulty targeting, soft and discriminatory approach to non-compliance with rules and multiple use of identity documents by recipients. On the other hand, a number of opportunities have been identified to counteract the challenges. The main recommendation of the study was the engagement of mobile phone-based money transfer facilities to transfer the old age pensions from the government to the recipients. The Department of Pensions should make use of baseline database like information from civil registration agency like the Ministry of Home Affairs to confirm the validity of the pension recipients. Other recommendations included moving the division of old age pensions from the Pensions Department to the Ministry of Social Development which is the controlling body for other forms of social grants in Lesotho. The Ministry of Social Development is regarded as well equipped with qualified staff and facilities to deal with vulnerable people like the elderly.
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Bustin, Lara. "The South African state old age pension : a reconsideration of the effects of the state old age pension on the living arrangements of the elderly in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4374.
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Sundén, David. "The dynamics of pension reform." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-573.
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This thesis consists of three essays, which all concern the dynamics of pension reform. The first essay evaluates the financial balance and the demographic adjustability of the reformed Swedish pay-as-you-go pension system. The main findings are that the demographic adjustability of the system is poor. Furthermore, the financial balance and pension levels are, to a large degree, dependent on the pension fund and its returns. Making some alterations to the system's benefit formula may improve the adjustability of the system, as well as decreasing its pension fund dependency. It is also shown that the new public system imposes an age-dependent implicit tax on labor earnings that is falling with age. Within the pay-as-you-go system, this tax is large for younger workers for whom almost the whole contribution is regarded as a tax. By introducing a public defined contribution system, the total implicit tax may be reduced since the defined contribution system implies a negative implicit tax because savings are subsidized within the defined contribution system. In the second essay a three-generation OLG model for analyzing a privatization of PAYG old-age social security is developed. Furthermore, it proposes an explicit reform for how the privatization transition may be undertaken. The set of government policy instruments is limited to debt issuing and proportional labor income taxation. The possibilities of a Pareto-improving privatization, given the proposed reform, are then analyzed. Contrary to models where a two-generation OLG framework is used, the three-generation framework creates possibilities for a Pareto-improving privatization of old-age social security, since the PAYG system induces a non-optimal implicit tax over the life cycle. By shifting to an optimal tax policy cannot only the pension claims accrued under the PAYG system be financed, but the shift will also be Pareto-improving. In the third essay the performance of the reformed Latvian pay-as-you-go pension system is evaluated against the background of an exceptional projected decrease in the Latvian labor force. The pension system is designed to handle the upcoming difficulties, and special attention has been given in the design to keep the expenditures low relative to the revenues, by introducing rules dampening the increase in the pension expenditures. In the light of the pessimistic projection of the Latvian demography, the newly reformed PAYG system performs remarkably well. The expenditure reducing rules introduced have significant effects on the system's financial balance. The pension reform also includes the launch of a publicly run defined contributions pension system. It is shown that the resulting implicit tax imposed by the public pension system imposes on labor earnings is negative and increasing with age. That is, savings are subsidized in the public pension system. It is also shown that private savings are fully crowded out as individuals try to offset their savings in the pension system. Since individuals are capital constrained, they will have no private assets at all. From a welfare perspective, this suggests the overall contribution rate to the public pension system to be too high.Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 2002
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Lau, Cheung-yun Lily, and 劉章欣. "Mandatory provident fund as a replacement for civil service pension inHong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3196624X.
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Karlidağ, Burçin. "Turkish pension system : an overview and a case study for old-age retirement benefit." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17672.
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Mestrado em Actuarial ScienceThe purpose of this project is to display clearly the reorganization process of the Turkish retirement-income system in the light of the problems of retirement-income system and institutions by the help of worldwide development of private pension schemes and public pension plans. In this paper, Turkish Pension System is analysed and Turkish pension schemes are explicated in the light of established practice of Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. This paper takes case study approach which draws on a series of situations of retirement eligible people and focusing on future pension entitlements of individual workers. Old-age benefits under both public and private pension plans are taken as main focus in this paper. Other pension schemes and their benefits to the retirement-income system are mentioned briefly but the rest of the concept is beyond the scope of this project. Pension wealth of elderly persons in Turkey is analysed under some fixed assumptions, for a full career work, by computing the pensions replacement ratio. Pension sector is the key beneficiary of developments in Turkey. Governmental regulations concerning retirement system play crucial role to achieve high level of prosperity in Turkey. Cons and pros of possible scenarios are argued by taking country facts into consideration and some conclusions are drawn from analyses performed in the study and possible improvement options are mentioned.
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Štěrba, Michal. "Starobní důchody." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-198257.
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This thesis explores the ever-current topic of pensions, which are devoted to three different chapters . The first part descriptes history development of old-age pensions, focusing on developments in the last more than 200 years. Emphasis is placed on the development of the territory of the present Czech Republic and for each period are also enclosed a historici fact that not only the development of the pension system determined . Another chapter is devoted to an over view of different types of pension system. Together with a description of each pillar by the World Bank definition are also accompanied by examples of systems from different European countries. The last and most extensive part of the work is to point out the existing demographic development of the czech population, finding appropriate indicators applicable to the issue of pensions, to find the possible future evolution of these indicators using statistical and demographic methods and last but not least the program provides potential candidates for the calculation of future retirement or the age at which a person is able to retire . The work will provide readers with comprehensive information not only on the current state pension insurance in the Czech Republic and in Europe but also can learn about the reasons that led to the establishment of what is possible developments, together with suggestions.
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Dikhtyar, Oksana A. "Determinants of Russian Women's Labor Force Participation at or after State Pension Age." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1626456584700884.
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Payne, Gregory Michael. "The changing state pension age : health impacts and ability to remain in employment." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2018. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/418817/.
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The main research questions examined in this thesis concern the interaction between an increasing State Pension Age (SPA) and health in the UK. The conclusions drawn from this investigation cast further light on the equality of an increasing SPA, including whether individuals in different circumstances will be able to continue working until reaching retirement age. In particular, this research suggests that inequality and the social gradient of health should be taken into account when designing a policy as influential as the State Pension. To explore the relationship between continued employment and health, a Dynamic Microsimulation Model is constructed. This projects individual health trajectories using English Longitudinal Study of Ageing data onto a representative Census base population. Within this framework, current and counterfactual SPA policy scenarios are used to assess the relative impact. This thesis furthers our understanding of the impact that the currently legislated SPA policy may have over the next 30 years. The study found a decline in overall health within the population of the UK throughout life. Each year the SPA was delayed resulted in an increasing proportion of individuals projected to fall into poor health before reaching the SPA. The results indicate that those in lower NS-SEC groups experiencing poor health at significantly earlier ages. This was found to be likely to lead to a much larger proportion of those in low NS-SEC groups experiencing difficulty remaining in employment before reaching SPA than their high NS-SEC group counterparts. The level of feedback between employment status and health was additionally found to be influential when defining the impact of a SPA change. It was found that if employment leads to an improvement in health, additional working years might protect individuals from an overall decline in health. If however continued employment is detrimental to health, declines in health may be exacerbated, leading to a rapid reduction in health state when nearing SPA. It was identified that allowing individuals to retire following 45 years of contributions has the potential to significantly decrease the number of individuals falling into poorer health while being under SPA. Conversely, the 50 years of contributions suggested by the Cridland (2016) Independent Review of the State Pension Age was found to pose little benefit in this regard. The health measure utilised was found to be influential when assessing the impact of policy. The study utilised the subjective Self-Reported Health measure, as well as an objective Hand-Grip Strength measure. Significantly different results were obtained, dependent on both the measure of health used and the manner in which conceptualisations of health were made.
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Grizzle, Linda S. "Three Pension Cost Methods under Varying Assumptions." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd850.pdf.
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Mrázová, Tereza. "Redistribuční aspekty důchodového pojištění." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-73731.
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Kalula, Mpiana. "Investigating the Socio-Economic Impact of the Old Age Pension in the Pensioner Household within Selected Areas of the Eastern Cape." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1057&context=td_cput.
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周燁 and Ye Zhou. "The pension insurance system in China: towards a western or East Asian welfare model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31228136.
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Widjaja, Muliadi. "Designing pension programs to strengthen formal labor markets in developing countries the case of Indonesia /." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11292007-165439/.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Title from file title page. James R. Alm, committee chair; Sally Wallace, Erdal Tekin, David P. Richardson, Jorge L. Martinez-Vazquez, committee members. Electronic text (144 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed June 11, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-143).
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Ryan, Joanna. "The impact of the South African old age pension on the educational attainment of children." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11977.
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Includes bibliographical references.The South African old age pension is the largest cash transfer in the country and its reach extends far beyond the intended beneficiaries, having a significant impact on other household members. Given the prevalence of three and skip generational households in the country the effect that the pension has on children co-residing with pensioners is significant. While the improvement in health status of children is well documented, the impact on educational attainment is less so. Using 2008 NIDS data this study exploits the age eligibility criteria of the pension to determine what effect the pension has on the educational attainment of co-resident children. The results indicate a strong gender dimension in the impact of the pension, with reference to both the recipient as well as the child.
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Solé, Truyols Montserrat. "Pension rights as fundamental rights: a comparative analysis of the old age pensions prospects in Norway and Spain on grounds of collective labour conditions." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/456477.
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The link between pensions and work is established at human rights
level through social security contributions. The extent to which this
link is strengthen is set in the national designs of social security
systems that on their turn reflect the values to which each society
adheres as well as the institutional contexts in which the systems are
embedded.
The project compares Norwegian and Spanish collective bargaining
models from this institutional perspective and critically analyses
their respective ability to secure appropriate working conditions that
can ensure the financing of the systems and the return of adequate
pension benefits at old age. The study is complemented with the
transversal analysis of the EU’s law and policies impact in each
institutional framework and ultimately on the collective bargaining
model.La relació entre pensions i treball, establerta a nivell de drets humans per mitjà de les contribucions a la seguretat social es materialitza en el disseny dels respectius sistemes a nivell nacional. Aquests reflecteixen d’una banda els valors amb els quals la societat s’identifica i de l’altra, el context institucional en el que es troben inserits. El projecte compara els models de negociació col·lectiva des d’aquesta perspectiva institucional i n’analitza de manera crítica la capacitat respectiva per respondre amb unes condicions de treball aptes per garantir el finançament del sistema i el nivell adequat de beneficis de les pensions. L’estudi es completa amb l’anàlisi transversal dels efectes que les polítiques i el marc legal de la EU, tenen sobre els diferents contexts institucionals i per tant sobre la negociació col·lectiva.
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Schulz, Peter. "Occupational pension schemes in Germany changes in the German landscape of old-age plans, cta model." Hamburg Diplomica-Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/987352857/04.
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Schulz, Peter. "Occupational pension schemes in Germany : changes in the German landscape of old-age plans, cta model /." Hamburg : Diplomica Verl, 2008. http://www.diplom.de/katalog/arbeit/10523.
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Caiger, Nesta. "Living longer, working longer : economic activity up to and beyond the State Pension Age in England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2016. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/404695/.
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With life expectancy rising and the State Pension Age (SPA) increasing, understanding patterns of retirement and drivers of working up-to,and beyond the SPA, is a key policy priority. Academic research has highlighted that demographic, health, socio-economic, geographical and caring characteristics are associated with economic activity in later life. However, research has often examined these associations in isolation as opposed to together. To improve the ability of policy-makers to identify individuals who are most likely to be economically active in later life, further research, which explores individual characteristics and their association with economic activity, was required. This research uses a quantitative approach employing bivariate and multivariate methods to explore the combined relative associations of a number of derived variables from Wave 5 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), among male and female individuals who are above and below the SPA. The results show that factors associated with economic activity in later life vary between individuals who are above or below the SPA, and there are important gender dimensions at play. For example, among individuals who are above the SPA, the factors of age, housing tenure, occupational social class and pension scheme membership are associated with economic activity, whereas among individuals who are below the SPA, a person's self-reported general health (SRGH), reports of a limiting long-standing illness (LLSI), housing tenure, pension scheme membership and caring status were associated with economic activity. Among men, it was age, housing tenure, occupational social class and pension scheme membership which were consistently associated with economic activity, whereas among women, the variables of marital status, reports of a LLSI, housing tenure, pension scheme membership and caring status were significant for economic activity. These findings can help to inform policy-makers in designing legislation in the area of work in later life, as well as retirement and pension provision.
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Silva, Gabriela Miriam Kinnunen da. "Recent social security reforms and its impact on old age pensions : a simulation analysis for Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/13297.
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Mestrado em Ciências ActuariaisEm Portugal, o financiamento do sistema público de pensões de velhice é baseado no método de repartição em que as contribuições dos trabalhadores pagam as pensões dos atuais reformados. Ao longo dos anos, muitas alterações foram efetuadas na legislação do sistema da Segurança Social, nomeadamente no que se refere às pensões de reforma. Assim sendo, as reformas mais recentes levaram ao aumento da idade normal de reforma e adicionaram alguns fatores ao cálculo do benefício da pensão de reforma. Neste relatório, iremos analisar o impacto dessas reformas no valor das pensões de reforma no âmbito do sistema de Segurança Social e no valor atual das responsabilidades dos fundos de pensões privados. Assim, iremos considerar as principais características quer do sistema público de pensões quer dos planos de pensões privados complementares, oferecidos pelos bancos aos seus colaboradores.
In Portugal, the public old age pension system funding is based on the pay as you go method where workers' contributions pay the pensions of current pensioners. Throughout the years, many changes have been done in the Social Security system legislation, namely regarding retirement pensions. The most recent reform caused an increase in the normal retirement age and added some factors to the calculation of the retirement benefit. In this report we analyze the impact of those reforms on the old age pension benefit under the Social Security system and on the present value of private pension funds responsibilities. Therefore, we consider the main features of both the public old age pension system and the complementary private pension plans, offered by banks to their employees.
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Siklóssy, Patrick. "Vergleich der Durchführungswege der betrieblichen Altersversorgung aus Eigentümer- und Arbeitnehmersicht /." Frankfurt, M. [u.a.] : Lang, 2009. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=017592249&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Lomax, Kevin Clay. "COMPARATIVE PENSION POLICY OUTCOMES IN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC NATIONS: THE CASE OF FINLAND." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2002. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukygero2002d00038/KCLDISS.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 142 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-139).
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Lin, Yei-Whei. "Faltering national pension reform in Taiwan from 1993 to 2007 : old age security mix, interests and ideas." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538136.
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Matthews, Katey. "Is working beyond state pension age beneficial for health? : evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/is-working-beyond-state-pension-age-beneficial-for-healthevidence-from-the-english-longitudinal-study-of-ageing(230bb713-cdf2-4bf0-a7dc-0f485415fe3b).html.
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Objectives: Extending working lives is a major strategy in policy responses to ageing populations. This is currently being implemented by means of the increasing UK state pension age. However, the health effects of such changes are highly debatable. A systematic review conducted by this thesis revealed that previous research on the topic has provided a diverse set of findings. One of the reasons for the lack of agreement between previous studies is the high degree of heterogeneity in the study samples of older adults. This is statistically revealed by a meta-analysis conducted in this study. The research presented within this thesis examines whether extending working lives is beneficial for health, and focuses on the importance of accounting for quality of work when considering these effects. Methods: The study used respondents from waves 1 to 5 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing who worked until state pension age and then entered either later-life employment or retirement. Linear spline regressions examined trajectories of depression, self-rated health and cognitive function across the retirement age period, stratified by work quality and retirement. Propensity score matching was subsequently used to estimate unbiased treatment effects of extended working as opposed to retirement, and then of poor and good quality work individually in relation to retirement. Results: The spline models indicated entering retirement from work was associated with a significant change in patterns of depression and self-rated health, but continuation of work was not. Retiree trajectories consistently showed poorer outcomes than those of respondents who were working. The results of the propensity score matching found no significant differences in health on the basis of belonging to the group of overall workers compared to retirees. However when work was stratified on the basis of its quality, significant differences became apparent. Belonging to the group of poor quality workers was associated with significantly worse depression than belonging to both the good quality workers and retirees, and belonging to the group of good quality worker was associated with significantly better self-rated health than belonging to the group of retirees. Discussion: The heterogeneous socio-demographic and health characteristics of the older working population should be taken into account when examining impacts of employment on health. Failure to account for differences in quality of work may lead to the incorrect assumption that extended employment is beneficial to the health of all workers. If older people are going to be encouraged to work for longer periods of time, beneficial effects need to apply to all working groups. Employers need to ensure adjustments to individual working patterns and environments are made in order to suit the needs of an ageing workforce.
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Hruška, Jan. "Možnosti finančního zajištění ve stáří." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162705.
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The objective of the thesis is to introduce and compare old age financial securing possibilities. The work is not focused on macroeconomic rating of the pension system in the Czech Republic but on individual coping with fixed conditions and finding an optimal way to old age securing with the help of private saving. The thesis has been divided into two parts. In the first one the current pension system has been partially presented and particular saving possibilities have been introduced. The second part has been devoted to a calculation of particular saving forms advantageousness and it has been finished with a recommended saving plan.
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Audy, Daniel. "Návratnost systému důchodového pojištění." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72722.
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Old age pension scheme system consists of two time periods of different lengths. During the first stage the insured persons contribute financially a certain part of their base of assess into the system. For purposes of this work we can call this sum a percentage of their income. On reaching a certain age the insured people can draw regular amounts of money, called old age pension. Insurance rate should be paid for a longer period of time and in smaller amounts. Old age pension should be, on the other hand, higher and be available for a shorter period. This works tries to find out which of these two sums (in total) is higher: insurance rate of pension.The value studied is the rate of return, which compares the money paid by the state with the insurance money. Actual employees' salaries reflecting the progression of the lifetime income were used in calculations. Concurrently, this work enables to understand the method of calculation of old age pension nominal value for the year 2011 and takes into account the changes within the so called small pension reform.
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Савченко, Я. О. "Дослідження готовності людей середнього віку до власної забезпеченої старості." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/66986.
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Проведене дослідження присвячене перевірці гіпотези: незначна
частина населення віком 30-55 років бере на себе відповідальність за
забезпечення власного пенсійного віку. Було проведене соціологічне
опитування за участі 50 жителів Сумського району. У відповідності до
здійсненого теоретичного аналізу запитання стосувалися сфер
здоров’я, фінансового та матеріального забезпечення, сім’ї, релігії,
друзів. Були запитання типу «Як Ви вважаєте?» та «Як Ви дієте?».
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Thiemann, Andreas [Verfasser]. "Child-related pension benefits and maternal employment, old-age savings and retirement : Essays in social policy / Andreas Thiemann." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1108270859/34.
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Guo, Yu, and 郭瑜. "Public old-age pension provisions for rural migrant workers in China: an analysis of the policy making process." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48329617.
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Acknowledging the population aging trend, the urbanization process, and also the old-age security challenges facing rural migrant workers, this study sets out to explore and make theoretical sense of the pension policy process for rural migrant workers, through a case study in Beijing. Applying the stage model of the policymaking process, and an equitable-effective-efficient evaluative framework, an inquiry frame is constructed to formulate research questions theoretically and to facilitate the whole study.
Mixed methods integrating quantitative and qualitative research were adopted to achieve the stated purpose. The secondary data yielded by a random sampling survey (N=3,024) were employed to provide a contextual base, and to examine what factors are influencing rural migrant worker choices and participation in pension schemes, through a multivariate Probit regression method. The effect of pension program on consumption smoothing and income redistribution, reflected by pension replacement rates, are explored through actuarial models. Based on the findings of a quantitative study, semi-structured, in-depth interviews were carried out with 22 rural migrant workers, 6 governmental officials, 5 scholars and 5 human resource managers in Beijing. Through prolonged immersion in the research site, qualitative research further addresses the mechanisms and factors functioning within the policymaking process.
Merging mixed methods utilizing the stages model of policy process, this study has been able to make discoveries not reported in previous studies. This study is of considerable significance, as it contributes novel insights and concepts into understanding the dynamics of the policy process in the case study of rural migrant worker pension provision in China.
First, in response to the inquiry frame, it establishes an analytical framework to uncover the underlying policymaking process, as well as the mechanisms and factors functioning within each stage. In the agenda setting stage, it is the central government which can initiate the agenda setting process for rural migrant workers. At the same time, however, local governments are driven by their own interests and compelled by the central government’s desire to get pension issues on the agenda. It is indicated that decentralization, centralization and incrementalism are functioning together in policy formulation and adoption. From both the micro and macro perspectives, this study identifies what factors are contributing to the gap between policy design and implementation. Guided by a preset three-Es framework, the whole policy process and its (potential) impacts are evaluated.
Second, throughout the whole study, an interest is displayed through its analysis in rural migrant workers' situations, needs and opinions. It is found that governments are playing an overwhelmingly decisive role in policy making, that rural migrant workers' voices are largely unheard, and that powers are concentrated in unrepresentative hands. Policy suggestions on moving toward a democratic policy process are then discussed.
Finally, this study further proposes a package of concrete policy implications to systematically address these practical policy issues. This package mainly covers the household registration system, the sandwich generation, preservation of pension rights, policy transparency and publicity, policies being moderately mandated, and particular social welfare programs.published_or_final_version
Social Work and Social Administration
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Novák, Zdeněk. "Děti a zajištění na stáří." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75338.
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There have been a great deal of ways for old age security, who is expected and individual situation. Old age signify loss of income from economics activity. We can compare ways of securing for old age by their liquidity, rate of profit and diversification, but it is impossible to administratively determine composition of the optimal old age security portfolio, whereas administrative favoured one's way, entails limitation of the others. One of the oldest way of securing for old age is child care and enlinghtenment. The research pointed to existence disputation between theories of fertility development. These theories are attaching different importance to the particular biological, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Empirical research of fertility development and its factors in czech lands, represents pure administrative character of the pension insurance development. Spending on pension insurance and some other factors are influencing development of fertility. This influence is analyzed in years 1930- 2009. Analysis provides evidence of pension insurance influencing level of fertility significantly. Theories of fertility development often impeaching this influence. The work apply findings to the primary objectives for pension reform in Czech republic. This pension reform provides sustainable pension system position and possibility for individuals to set up their optimal old age security portfolio.
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Veselý, Václav. "Zohlednění počtu vychovaných dětí v důchodovém systému." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162905.
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The subject of diploma thesis is the pension system in the Czech Republic. We warn about the deficit increase in the future and suggest taking the number of children raised into consideration in the pension system construction. Pension system in the Czech Republic is described in detail. The first "pay-as-you-go" pillar represents the main part of the system. It could bring financial problems (if the retirement pension and pension income tax will stay at the same level as now) considering the expected trends in demography. Population projection was calculated using cohort component method (including migration). The threshold for the projection is year 2011, projection is calculated with 100-year horizon. There were also calculated revenues and expenses of the pension system for each projected year. If the expected parameters of the projection will be realized, the deficit of pension system in the hundred year period will reach 9.5 billion Kč (prices 2011). It represents the deficit 95.3 milliard Kč each year in the average. To reduce the deficit it is possible to increase the pension tax paid by productive people. But it could also bring the decline of fertility, because lower income could make people decide to reduce number of children. It would deepen the problems in the pay-as-you-go system. The financial problem of pension system could be solved by taking the number of children raised into consideration of the pension system construction. It would eliminate the situation that it is economically more favourable to be childless during the life. It could also bring the fertility increase. In the diploma thesis the value of the deficit is simulated for the various parameters of pension system and for the various demographic development in the future.
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Aguiar, Emílio Júnior Ribeiro. "Early retirement reductions covered by a DC pension plan : case study analysis for Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21065.
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Mestrado em Actuarial ScienceEm Portugal, o envelhecimento da população desafia a sustentabilidade financeira do sistema de Segurança Social. Ao longo dos anos, muitas emendas legislativas foram introduzidas no sistema de Previdência Social com o objetivo de torná-lo auto-sustentável, todavia existe uma dificuldade para entregá-lo sem restringir os benefícios de aposentadoria devido a evolução demográfica. Inevitavelmente, isso leva a impactos negativos nas pensões de aposentadoria por idade. As administrações anteriores combinaram essas reformas com medidas que reforçam o estabelecimento de esquemas privados de fundos de pensões, dando-lhe um papel mais preponderante, de forma a diversificar as fontes de renda de aposentadoria. No contexto de aumento da responsabilidade individual pela adequação da renda de aposentadoria. Esta dissertação analisa a pensão de velhice com especial enfoque nas reformas antecipadas, dada a forte penalização que existe. Além disso, verifica-se a possibilidade de um plano de contribuição definida para mitigar totalmente essas reduções. Portanto, são descritos os dois sistemas, o público e o complementar.
In Portugal, population ageing is challenging the financial sustainability of the Social Security system. Throughout the years many legislative amendments have been introduced in the Social Security system, with the goal to make it self-sustainable, but it is struggling to deliver it without restricting old-age benefits due to the increase of the elderly population. Inevitably, this leads to negative impacts in the old-age retirement pensions. Past administrations have combined these reforms with measures to reinforce the establishment of the funded private pension sector, giving it a more prominent role, so as to diversify the sources of retirement income. In the context of increasing the individual responsibility for the adequacy of retirement income. This paper analyses the old-age benefits with special focus in the early retirement option, given the heavy penalties inherent to this option. Also, examines the possibility of fund a DC pension plan to fully mitigate those penalties.
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Govender, Thashlin. "The health status of the elderly receiving an old age pension in urban communities in the City of Cape Town." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71774.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In developing countries the increasing number of the aged are often viewed as a problem. In particular, the indigent elderly residing in poor urban areas are at risk of becoming marginalised and underserved. The Western Cape has the third largest elderly population in proportion to the total population in the country. Social assistance in the form of a monthly pension is paid out to all elderly who pass a national means test carried out by South African Social Security Agency (SASSA). An assessment of the characteristics and health status of the elderly collecting old age pensions living in low-income urban poor communities in the City of Cape Town was carried out at pension pay points across four communities, i.e. Gugulethu, Khayelitsha, Mitchells Plain and Bonteheuwel. In community health surveys, choices regarding the methodology have to be made that can have profound effects on the study design and study outcomes. The milieu of the present study is one of urban poverty and specifically those urban elderly who qualify for non-contributory pensions (also called social cash transfers or government grants). The paucity of existing community-based studies on old-age pensioners in the City of Cape Town meant that a cross-sectional survey with wide-ranging coverage of demographic, social and health factors was the most logical design to employ in order to determine the extent of present needs and generate hypotheses for further controlled studies. A systematic random sample of 703 elderly was drawn at nine pension pay-out points in Cape Town Metropole. No pensioners refused to participate in the study. Structured interviews were carried out covering demographics, number of dependents, living conditions, socioeconomic circumstances, health status and needs and utilisation of health services. A reported 43% of participants lived in shacks and 88% reported regularly eating less than 3 meals a day. Eighty-seven percent of respondents reported waiting 3 hours or longer for medication at a clinic while 90% reported being dissatisfied with the service at their clinic. Fifty-eight percent of pensioners reported not being able to see well while 83% did not know where to get their eyes tested. Almost 70% of pensioners said that they have been ill-treated by a family member and 64% scored as severely depressed on the geriatric depression scale. In this study, 266 pensioners solely supported 471 children of which 65 (14%) were disabled children. In 95% of cases the pensioner does not receive any support from the child's parents. The study found that the elderly on a state grant had considerable unmet health needs and required assistance with activities of daily living. The indigent pensioners in this study bore a huge duty of care for minor children as custodial grandparents while not receiving a high level of health support themselves.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die toenemende aantal bejaardes word dikwels in ontwikkelende lande as 'n probleem gesien. In die besonder loop die bejaardes wat in lae-inkomste stedelike gebiede woon die risiko om gemarginaliseer te word en swak dienslewering te ondervind. Die Wes-Kaap het die derde grootste populasie van bejaardes in verhouding tot die totale bevolking in die provinsie. Sosiale bystand in die vorm van 'n maandelikse pensioen word betaal aan alle bejaardes wat die inkomstetoets slaag wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse Agentskap vir Maatskaplike Sekerheid (SAAMS) uitgevoer word. 'n Ondersoek na die eienskappe en gesondheidstatus van bejaardes wat hulle ouderdomspensioene in lae-inkomste stedelike gemeenskappe in die Stad Kaapstad kom afhaal is uitgevoer. Die studie is gedoen by pensioen-uitbetaalpunte in vier gemeenskappe, naamlik Gugulethu, Khayelitsha, Mitchells Plein and Bonteheuwel. In gemeenskapsgesondheid-opnames moet keuses gemaak word ten opsigte van die metodologie wat diepgaande gevolge vir die studieontwerp en -uitkomste kan inhou. Die milieu van die huidige studie in dié van stedelike armoede en spesifiek die leefruimte van stedelike bejaardes wat kwalifiseer vir nie-bydraende pensioene (ook genoem sosiale kontantoordragte of staatstoelaes). Die gebrek aan bestaande studies van ouderdomspensioenarisse in Kaapstad het beteken dat 'n dwarsdeursnit-opname van die demografie, sosiale en gesondheidsfaktore die mees logiese ontwerp was om uit te voer. Dit is gedoen om die omvang van huidige behoeftes te bepaal en verdere hipoteses te genereer wat deur vergelykende studies ondersoek behoort te word. 'n Stelselmatige ewekansige steekproef van 703 bejaardes is getrek by nege betaalpunte in die Kaapse stadsgebied. Geen proefpersone het geweier om deel te neem nie. Gestruktureerde onderhoude is gevoer wat die volgende aspekte gedek het: demografiese eienskappe, aantal afhanklikes, gesondheidstatus en benutting van gesondheidsdienste. Van die deelnemers het 43% in informele behuising ("shacks") gewoon en 88% het gerapporteer dat hulle gereeld minder as 3 daaglikse maaltye eet. Daar het 87% gerapporteer dat hulle 3 uur of langer gewag het om medikasie by hulle plaaslike kliniek te ontvang terwyl 90% ontevrede was met die diens wat hulle by die kliniek ontvang het. Daar het 58% van die bejaardes gerapporteer dat hulle nie goed kan sien nie terwyl 83% van hulle nie geweet het waar hulle hulle oë kan laat toets nie. Omtrent 70% van bejaardes het gesê dat hulle deur 'n familielid mishandel word en 64% kon as ernstig depressief geklassifiseer word op die geriatriese depressieskaal. In hierdie studie was 266 pensioenarisse die enigste sorg en voog van 471 kinders van wie 65 (14%) gestremd was. In 95% van gevalle het die pensionaris geen geldelike of ander bydraes van die kind(ers) se ouers ontvang nie. Die studie het bevind dat bejaardes wat 'n staatstoelaag ontvang aansienlike onvervulde gesondheidsbehoeftes het en hulp benodig met aktiwiteite van daaglikse bestaan. Die behoeftige pensioenarisse in hierdie studie het 'n groot las gedra aan die versorging van minderjarige kinders as toesighoudende grootouers ("custodial grandparents") terwyl hulleself nie 'n hoë vlak van ondersteuning geniet nie.
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Estrelinha, Milton Hugo Mafra. "Reformas da proteção à velhice no período 2000-2020 : avaliação à luz do princípio da adequação." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20987.
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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas PúblicasA presente dissertação tem como objetivo a análise dos efeitos das reformas realizadas no sistema público de pensões de Portugal, à luz do princípio da adequação, no período entre 2000-2020.Entre as medidas avaliadas encontram-se, nomeadamente, as alterações às regras de cálculo nas pensões contributivas, a introdução do fator de sustentabilidade, o aumento da idade legal de reforma, a mudança de referencial para o cálculo de algumas prestações sociais e as novas regras de revalorização. O estudo empírico consiste na realização de duas simulações, com e sem medidas, para um conjunto de 34 indivíduos-tipo. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que as alterações legislativas realizadas originam quebras nas taxas brutas de substituição e o aumento da incidência e intensidade da pobreza.
This dissertation aims to analyse the effects of the reforms to the public pensions system in Portugal, under the principle of adequacy, between 2000-2020. Among the assessed measures, one finds the changes to calculation of contributory pensions; the adoption of a sustainability factor; the increase of the legal retirement age; the change in referential for calculating some social endowments; and new revaluation rules. The empirical study consisted on doing two simulations - with and without measures - for a set of 34 typical individuals. Results support the conclusion that the changes in legislation lead to drops in the gross replacement rates, and to increases in incidence and intensity of poverty.
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Mistander, Cecilia, and Filip Saundersson. "Pensionssparande : Vilka faktorer påverkar sparandet?" Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Handelshögskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-32063.
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Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att undersöka vilka variabler som påverkar olika frågor gällande pension. De frågorna angående pensionen som undersöks är:Vilka människor… … har tänk på sin pension? … har ett privat pensionssparande? … tänker jobba och ta ut pension samtidigt? … planerar att gå i pension tidigt respektive sent? Metod: Undersökningen utförs med en kvantitativ metod. Enkätundersökningen som analyseras kommer från en tidigare undersökning gjord av Finseraas och Jakobsson (2013). Uppsatsen följer en induktiv metod. Slutsats: Studien visar att variablerna som ingick i grundmodellen, vilka är kön, ålder, utbildningsnivå, civilstånd och inkomst, alla var signifikanta i en eller fler av frågorna som undersöks. Men även en del andra variabler visade sig vara av betydelse.Objective: This study aims to examine which variables have an effect on questions regarding retirement. The questions are as follows: Which individuals… …have thought about their retirement? …are saving privately for their retirement? …plan to work at the same time as they receive pension? …are planning for early or late retirement? Methodology: The study is conducted using a quantitative method. The data analyzed comes from an earlier survey conducted by Finseraas and Jakobsson (2013). The essay follows an inductive method. Conclusion: The study shows that the variables included in the basic model, which are gender, age, education, marital status and income, all were significant in one or more of the questions under investigation. Some other variables were found to be of significance.
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Nepraš, Vojtěch. "Problematika důchodového zabezpečení z pohledu společnosti INOTECH ČR spol. s r.o." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-221567.
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This thesis analyses problems of old age pension scheme in the Czech republic from view of the employees of company INOTECH ČR, spol. s r. o.. It contains the proposal of solving to create reserves for old age pension scheme by using products offered in Czech republic like life insurance and pension aditional insurance.
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Quelhas, Ana Paula do Canto Lopes Pires Santos. "Longevidade e investimento: reflexão em torno dos fundos de pensões em Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1372.
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Tese de Doutoramento em GestãoO presente trabalho envolve dois objetivos principais: o de aprofundar o conhecimento do sector dos fundos de pensões em Portugal e o de examinar o conceito de risco de longevidade nas suas várias vertentes, particularmente no modo como o mesmo afeta as decisões de investimento no contexto dos fundos de pensões. Primeiramente, sustentando-nos, essencialmente, numa metodologia descritiva e de revisão da literatura, procurou-se avaliar o modo de interação entre o sistema público e os fundos de pensões nacionais em matéria de provisão de pensões de velhice. A pesquisa conduzida permitiu evidenciar as particularidades subjacentes ao caso nacional, entre as quais destacamos: o caráter tardio da maturação do sistema público de pensões, bem como a relativa generosidade que, em tempo, terá marcado o sistema de proteção social português; o aparente paradoxo que carateriza a transferência dos ativos de alguns dos fundos de pensões para a esfera da segurança social – tal como a responsabilidade de pagamento das pensões que os mesmos visavam financiar – operação esta que parece ter ocorrido ao arrepio da tendência anteriormente observada, mormente no conteúdo do texto das sucessivas Leis de Bases da Segurança Social de 2000, de 2002 e de 2007, onde se encorajava o recurso a esquemas privados de previdência; a fraca transversalidade dos fundos de pensões nacionais, com o total de ativos a representar, em 2013, cerca de 9% do PIB e com o sector bancário a deter cerca de 73% dos fundos profissionais; a relevância do risco de longevidade, o qual não constitui um atributo exclusivo dos sistemas públicos de pensões, mas que se torna particularmente visível no âmbito dos fundos fechados, impondo pressões consideráveis nos níveis de financiamento dos respetivos planos. Seguidamente, tomando a composição do investimento de 56 fundos nacionais destinados ao financiamento de planos de benefício definido, entre 2011 e 2013, por intermédio de análise bivariada, testaram-se algumas hipóteses de investigação, exercício este que permitiu evidenciar a aparente desconexão entre a dimensão dos fundos e a cobertura das responsabilidades afins, bem como a antiguidade e o montante das responsabilidades associadas a cada fundo. Para além disso, explorou-se a eventual existência de «comportamentos de manada» ao nível da composição do investimento dos mesmos fundos, a qual revelou, contudo, ser pouco significativa, o que se poderá dever à reduzida dimensão da amostra. Os resultados obtidos sugerem alguma 5 atipicidade dos fundos de pensões nacionais, os quais parecem ter uma dimensão redutora enquanto meros produtos de investimento, esvaziando-se a sua vertente previdencial. Uma vez sublinhada a relevância do risco de longevidade no contexto dos fundos de pensões, percorrem-se algumas das possibilidades de cobertura, desde os denominados instrumentos tradicionais até aos instrumentos do life-market, ou seja, os longevity-linked assets. Porém, um dos contributos mais relevantes do presente trabalho é o que resulta do desenvolvimento de um modelo multiperíodo, que permite a otimização da taxa de contribuição a realizar, ao longo de T períodos de tempo, para um plano de benefício definido e que se afigura como uma alternativa aos tradicionais modelos de valoração.
This work is committed with two main goals: to improve the knowledge concerning Portuguese pension plans and pension funds, and to examine the concept of longevity risk, taking into consideration its multiple features, mainly the way how it affects the investment process in the context of pension funds. First, based on descriptive and literature review methodologies, the interaction between the state action and the pension funds action in the context of old-age pension provision is scrutinized. This research allowed us to highlight the peculiarities underlying the Portuguese case, such as: the late maturation of the Portuguese pension system, and also the relative generosity that, at a certain point, have marked the Portuguese social protection system; the possible paradox that involves the transfer of the some pension funds’ assets to the sphere of social security – at the responsibility to pay the relates pensions as well – which operation seems to be contradictory with the tendency previously observed, taking into consideration the text of the successive Basic Laws of Social Security in 2000, 2002 and 2007, within which the use of private pension schemes was encouraged; the weak representativeness of national pension funds, with total assets corresponding, in 2013, roughly to 9% of GDP, and with the banking sector holding about 73% of professional pension funds; the relevance of longevity risk, which undermines not only the public pension system, becoming particularly visible within the closed funds, and imposing huge pressure on the own plans funding levels. Afterwards, taking into consideration 56 national pension plans’ investment composition, from 2011 to 2013, using bivariate analysis, some research hypotheses are tested. This exercise highlighted the apparent disconnect between the funds’ size and coverage of related responsibilities, and also between the matureness and the amount of liabilities associated with each fund. Furthermore, the possible existence of herd behaviour between these funds at the level of their investment composition is also explored. This possibility did not reveal to be significant, may be due to the sample dimension. These results suggest some atypicality of national pension funds, which seem to only have a financial dimension, disregarding their welfare features. As long the relevance of longevity risk in the context of pension funds has been emphasized, some of hedging possibilities are discussed, from the usually named traditional 7 instruments to the life-market instruments, the so-called longevity-linked assets. However, one of the most relevant contributions of this work is the development of a multi-period model, which allows us to optimize the contribution rate, over T periods of time, for a defined benefit plan and may be seen as an alternative approach to traditional valuation models.
Orientação: Prof. Doutor Luís Miguel da Mata Artur Dias Pacheco
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Zelenka, Radim. "Kapitálové penzijní připojištění v České republice - zhodnocení a směry dalšího vývoje." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2006. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75800.
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My thesis is concerned to old age pension scheme issue in the Czech republic conditions. There is an analyse of PAYG and funded system from individual point of view. The aim of this work is to construct a model which would be able to inform individuals about the effectiveness of each current pension pillar. Model of comparison defined pension age break-even point, which represent age when the total amount of contributions payd are equal to retired pay received. By using original model, it is possible to find minimum desired value of returns from private pension funds.
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Smit, Nell-Mari. "An international comparison on the impact of the extended life expectancy of natural persons for taxation purposes." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26428.
Full textAbstract:
The increase in the life expectancy of natural persons has become a worldwide phenomenon. People live longer and need income for longer periods of time. Individuals need to start saving for their retirement early in life while still part of the workforce. Insufficient retirement savings lead to individuals not having sufficient income for their retirement. People become dependent on the government for assistance in paying for their day-to-day living expenses, leading to increases in social grants payable by the government. In South Africa the National Treasury needs to budget through taxation for the increase in the old age pension, which increases government expenditure. Additional income tax will therefore need to be raised to ensure that the national deficit does not increase further. Personal income taxes will directly be affected by the increase in the life expectancy. Research has been done internationally on the increase in life expectancy and the possible effect on the governments of those countries. No research has, however, been done in such detail in South Africa. This study provided information on the increase in the life expectancy of the South African population and the effect on the increase of old age pension as a social grant expense paid by the Government to qualifying beneficiaries. The aim of this study was to gain insight in the increase in the number of elderly people, those individuals aged 60 years and older, and the relation between this increase and the increase in the number of old age pension beneficiaries together with the increase in the budgeted expenses by the Government for old age pension. From a theoretical perspective, this study aimed to identify the possibility of increasing the retirement age to help people receive an income from employment for longer and to provide for themselves during the longer years in retirement. Finally the study aimed to assess this impact on taxation. A number of factors play a role in the increase of the number of old age pension beneficiaries and the resulting old age pension expense in the government budget. This study only focused on the role that the increase in life expectancy plays. AFRIKAANS : Die toename in die lewensverwagting van natuurlike persone het ’n wêreldwye verskynsel geword. Mense leef langer en moet ’n inkomste vir ’n baie langer tydperk hê. Individue moet reeds vroeg, terwyl hulle nog deel is van die werksmag, begin spaar vir hul aftrede. Onvoldoende aftreefondse lei daartoe dat pensioenarisse nie voldoende inkomste tydens hul aftrede verdien nie. Hierdie tekort lei daartoe dat individue afhanklik is van die regering om hulle by te staan vir die betaling van daaglikse uitgawes. Dit lei tot die verhoging in die maatskaplike toelaes wat deur die regering betaal word. In Suid-Afrika moet die Nasionale Tesourie in die begroting voorsiening maak vir die toename in die ouderdomspensioen wat tot ’n toename in regeringsuitgawes lei. Ekstra inkomste moet ook verkry word om te verseker dat die nasionale tekort nie verder toeneem nie. Persoonlike inkomstebelasting word regstreeks hierdeur beïnvloed. Internasionale navorsing is gedoen op die toename in lewensverwagting en die moontlike invloed op die regerings van daardie lande. Soortgelyke navorsing is egter nog nie in Suid-Afrika gedoen nie. Dié studie bied meer inligting oor die toename in lewensverwagting van die Suid-Afrikaanse bevolking en die effek daarvan op die toename in die ouderdomspensioen as ’n maatskaplike toelaag wat deur die regering betaal word aan begunstigdes wat daarvoor kwalifiseer. Die doel van hierdie studie was om insig te verkry in die toename in die aantal bejaardes, individue van 60 jaar en ouer, en die verwantskap tussen hierdie toename en die toename in die aantal ouderdomspensioen begunstigdes asook die begrote regeringsuitgawe vir ouderdomspensioene. Die studie het gepoog om vanuit ’n teoretiese oogpunt te kyk na die moontlikheid om die aftreeouderdom te verhoog sodat mense langer inkomste kan verdien en vir hulleself kan sorg in die langer aftreetydperk. Die studie het ook gekyk na die invloed hiervan op belasting. Verskeie faktore speel ’n rol in die groei van die aantal individue wat ouderdomspensioen ontvang en gepaardgaande toename in die ouderdomspensioenbegroting van die regering. Die studie het slegs gefokus op die rol wat die verhoging in lewensverwagting speel.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Taxation
unrestricted
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Georgiou, Jonathan. "Exploring the benefits of attracting, recruiting and retaining mature age employees up to and beyond the traditional age of retirement: Perspectives from Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1632.
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There has been a recent upsurge in media attention surrounding Australia’s ageing workforce. A review of academic, media and grey literature highlighted inadequacies in existing workplace polices, as well as flaws in financial and social security schemes. Of particular concern were persistent negative attitudes and counterproductive policies regarding mature age employees (MAEs). Poor retention rates among this cohort of workers aged 45 years and over are leading to skilled labour shortages and losses in corporate knowledge. This expected mass exodus of mature cohorts into retirement has been predicted to negatively impact the socio-economic sustainability of ageing societies world-wide and is a pertinent issue for Western Australia (WA).
The overarching objective of this study was to identify the ‘place’ of mature cohorts within WA workplaces and promote strategies that will improve the employment conditions and overall quality of life of ageing workforces. Research questions aimed to address the need for greater mature age employment up to and beyond pensionable age; identify ‘gaps’ in policies and programmes; and explore how mature cohorts were perceived (valued) and the extent their departure may affect WA society (labour force).
By using a mixed methods research design, this Doctoral dissertation developed a conceptual framework for limiting significant issues individuals, businesses and society may experience as a result of WA’s ageing workforce; whilst simultaneously promoting the benefits of maturity and mature age employment. This Re-Model draws upon the community development work principles of social justice, empowerment and social capital; and is further contextualised by methods of best practice identified from the triangulation of secondary sources, quantitative data and qualitative inquiry. Primary data collection involved the completion of 362 surveys, followed by 27 semistructured interviews and four focus group activities, with a cross section of MAEs, volunteers, their employers, retirees and unemployed cohorts from across WA.
Over one-third of current MAEs, employers and volunteers in this study reported they intended working later than the traditional age of retirement, with 71 per cent of this sample planning to semi-retire. Furthermore, almost 60 per cent of a sample that had previously exited the labour force was working at the time of data collection as semi-retirees or rehired retirees (rehirees). Collectively, these statistics indicated that despite predictions of mass disengagement among mature cohorts, most of this crosssection of Western Australians are seeking to remain in (or re-enter) the WA workforce beyond pensionable age. However, quantitative and qualitative findings revealed several barriers to their continued engagement, including access to ‘age-friendly’ workplaces; a dearth of targeted training (career) development and employment assistance; and a lack of value attributed to mature age skills and experience, particularly deleterious in WA’s youth-centric culture.
Primary data also highlighted several enabling factors for mature age employment. ‘Flexibility’ and ‘autonomy of choice’ were cited as key dimensions across all aspects of paid work, volunteering and retirement – whether in terms of worklife- balance; the individuation of training and development; or options available to those transitioning out of traditional employment. Data indicated that sustainable cultural change required more than just the removal of negative policies or introduction of punitive legislation. Maintaining a positive outlook among mature age individuals and simultaneously educating (younger) co-workers, employers, policy-makers (stakeholders) and society about the virtues of maturity and non-traditional work (skills) were considered essential to changing societal attitudes, behaviour and culture.
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Helgesson, Magnus. "Unemployment at a young age and sickness absence, disability pension, death and future unemployment - A register-based study of native Swedish and immigrant young adults." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-213108.
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Youth unemployment is an increasing burden on societies around the world. This prospective, register-based cohort study examined the relationship between unemployment and sickness absence, disability pension, death and future unemployment among youth in Sweden. A comparison was also made between immigrants and native Swedes. Another aim was to see if Active Labour Market Programs (ALMPs) and attained education moderated the outcomes. The baseline year was 1992, a year of severe economic downturn. The follow-up period was from 1993 to 2007, divided into three 5-year periods. The study group of 199,623 individuals comprised all immigrants born between 1968 and 1972 who immigrated before 1990 (25,607) and a random sample of native Swedes in the same age range (174,016). Individuals with unemployment benefit in 1990-1991, disability pension in 1990-1992 or severe disorders leading to hospitalization in 1990-1992 were excluded in order to minimize selection bias. Those who were unemployed in 1992 had elevated risk, measured as odds ratios, of ≥60 days of sickness absence, disability pension, ≥100 days of unemployment and all, except native Swedish women, had elevated risk of death during follow-up. The risk of future unemployment declined until the last follow-up period, while the elevated risk of future sickness absence was about the same in all three follow-up periods. Higher level of education at baseline decreased the risk of future unemployment. Individuals participating in ALMPs had an increased risk of future unemployment, and immigrant women had an increased risk of sickness absence, compared to non-participating individuals. Attained education between 1993 and 1997 decreased the risk of future unemployment and decreased the risk of sickness absence among immigrants. The risk of both future unemployment and future sickness absence increased with the length of unemployment in 1992. Immigrants had higher risk of unemployment both at baseline and follow-up compared with native Swedes, but followed the pattern of native Swedes when unemployed. The conclusion are that exposure to unemployment are associated with elevated risk of future unemployment, sickness absence, disability pension and death fifteen years after exposure. To a society this will mean substantial costs in the form of increased welfare payments and loss of productivity and tax income. Selection to unemployment by individuals already sick, may explain part of the association between unemployment and the studied outcomes.
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Talfi, Mohamed. "Organisation des systèmes de retraite et modélisation des fonds de pension." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00325943.
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Des nombreux aspects des fonds de pension, nous nous intéressons ici à leur modélisation et à l'organisation des systèmes de retraites dans le monde. Dans une première partie, nous présentons les différentes organisations de systèmes de retraites et la modélisation des fonds de pension en général suivie de la modélisation dynamique discrète avec la modélisation statique comme cas particulier de la discrète. Ainsi, nous constatons que les différents systèmes de retraites sont caractérisés par une grande diversité, mais restent néanmoins regroupés sous trois grands groupes qui se croisent souvent. Ce sont : les retraites par répartition, les retraites par capitalisation et les retraites par subvention. Nous introduisons la modélisation des systèmes de retraites par capitalisation en commençant par donner une vision générale incorporant une typologie des risques de fonds de pension. Nous présentons ensuite les méthodes pratiques et courantes de la modélisation en temps discret. La deuxième partie de la thèse accueille les développements de la modélisation en temps continu. Dans une économie dynamique et un marché non nécessairement complet, avec une expression stochastique des évolutions de l'inflation et des prix, nous usons du zéro-coupon nominal et du zéro-coupon indexé sur les prix de la consommation. Grâce aux outils et principes des assurances, des valeurs actuarielles des flux continus de cotisations et pensions sont fournies. Tout en faisant le lien avec les résultats issus de la littérature, nous appuyons, aussi bien en première partie qu'en deuxième, les portefeuilles optimaux de fonds de pension avec leurs probabilités de ruine, par des illustrations à travers des exemples concrets et des simulations numériques.