Relevant bibliographies by topics / Age hardening

Academic literature on the topic 'Age hardening'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Age hardening"

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KODA, Shigeyasu. "Age-hardening of aluminum alloys." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 36, no. 8 (1986): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.36.525.

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Chen, Zhong Wei, Li Fan, and Pei Chen. "Early Age Hardening Response of Al-Cu-Mg Alloys." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1327–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1327.

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The early age hardening behavior in Al-Cu-Mg alloys with fixed Cu content (0.50 wt%) and varying amounts of Mg has been studied by hardness tests and TEM observation. Two alloys both exhibit the early rapid hardening phenomenon based on large solute-aggregates analysis. Ageing time of early stage rapid hardening of Al-0.5Cu-1.99Mg alloys is less than that of Al-0.5Cu-1.48Mg alloys. For two alloys, ageing time of early stage rapid age hardening reduces with artificial ageing temperature increasing. The early stage rapid age hardening is depended on the composition and artificial ageing temperature. Forming larger solute-aggregates may give rise to early rapid age hardening.
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Ichikawa, Fumitaka, Masayoshi Sawada, and Yusuke Kohigashi. "Age-hardening Behavior in γ′-phase Precipitation-hardening Ni-based Superalloy." Tetsu-to-Hagane 108, no. 1 (2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/tetsutohagane.tetsu-2021-053.

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KODA, Shigeyasu. "Age-hardening of aluminum alloys. (II)." Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 36, no. 9 (1986): 594–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2464/jilm.36.594.

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Khan, Shabana, Jung B. Singh, and A. Verma. "Age hardening behaviour of Alloy 693." Materials Science and Engineering: A 697 (June 2017): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.04.109.

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Antipov, A. I., V. N. Moiseev, and N. I. Moder. "Age hardening of VT35 titanium alloy." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 38, no. 12 (December 1996): 522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01154082.

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Saheb, Nouari, Abdullah Khalil, Abbas Saeed Hakeem, Tahar Laoui, N. Al-Aqeeli, and A. M. Al-Qutub. "Age Hardening Behavior of Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Aluminum Nanocomposites." Journal of Nano Research 21 (December 2012): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.21.29.

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In the present work, age hardening behavior of CNT reinforced Al6061 and Al2124 nanocomposites, prepared by ball milling and spark plasma sintering, was investigated. The effect of CNT content, annealing time and temperature on the age hardening behavior of the nanocomposites was evaluated and compared to the monolithic alloys prepared and age hardened under the same conditions. It was found that CNTs have a negative influence on the age hardening of the alloys. The alloys displayed standard age hardening behavior i.e. a sharp increase in hardness during initial aging followed by a steady decrease in hardness. Whereas the nanocomposites did not only display initial softening during aging but also showed reduced age hardening efficiency. The hardening efficiency was found to decrease with increasing CNT content. The complicated behavior of nanocomposites was explained in terms of dislocation recovery, large thermal mismatch between matrix and CNTs and bulk microstructure of the composites.
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Jahn, R., W. T. Donlon, and J. E. Allison. "Characterization of Age Hardening in a 319 AL Alloy." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 514–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600022698.

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319 Al (7.2-7.7wt% Si, 3.3-3.7%Cu, 0.25-0.35%Mg, 0.4%max.Fe, 0.2-0.3%Mn, 0.25%max Zn, 0.25%max Ti) is utilized by the automotive industry for engine blocks and cylinder heads. Detailed understanding of the age hardening behavior of these types of alloys is important to optimize the processing of these components to yield the desired physical properties. Age hardening curves for temperatures between 100 and 305°C have been determined for a commercial grade 319 Al alloy having a dendrite arm spacing of 30(im. Samples for TEM were prepared by conventional grinding and dimpling followed by ion milling at 4keV at liquid nitrogen temperatures. The phases formed within the primary aluminum dendrites during age hardening were characterized by JEOL 2000FX and an OXFORD ISIS microanalysis system.Age hardening curves for Al-Cu alloys are characterized by multiple hardening stages as shown by Silcock, et al. Figure 1 shows an example of a 150°C age hardening curve for 319 Al.
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Lee, Che-Fu, and Tao-Tsung Shun. "Age Heat Treatment of Al0.5CoCrFe1.5NiTi0.5 High-Entropy Alloy." Metals 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11010091.

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In this study, Al0.5CoCrFe1.5NiTi0.5 high-entropy alloy was heat-treated from 500 °C to 1200 °C for 24 h to investigate age-hardening phenomena and microstructure evolution. The as-cast alloy, with a hardness of HV430, exhibited a dendritic structure comprising an (Fe,Cr)-rich FCC phase and a (Ni,Al,Ti)-rich B2 phase, and the interdendrite exhibited a spinodal decomposed structure comprising an (Fe,Cr)-rich BCC phase and a (Ni,Al,Ti)-rich B2 phase. Age hardening and softening occurred at 500 °C to 800 °C and 900 °C to 1100 °C, respectively. We observed optimal age hardening at 700 °C, and alloy hardness increased to HV556. The hardening was attributed to the precipitation of the σ phase, and the softening was attributed to the dissolution of the σ phase back into the matrix and coarsening of the microstructure. The appearance of fine Widmanstätten precipitates formed by the (Al,Ti)-rich BCC phase and (Ni,Al,Ti)-rich B2 phase at 1200 °C led to secondary hardening.
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Ismail, Z. H., and B. Bouchra. "Age-Hardening characteristics of an AlMgSi Alloy." Acta Physica Hungarica 71, no. 1-2 (April 1992): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03156279.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Age hardening"

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Kent, Damon. "Age hardening of sintered Al-Cu-Mg-Si-Sn alloys /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17893.pdf.

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Johnson, Lars. "Nanostructuring and Age Hardening in TiSCN, ZrAlN, and TiAlN Thin Films." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tunnfilmsfysik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-56221.

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This thesis explores nanostructuring in TiSiCN, ZrAlN, and TiAlN thin films deposited by cathodic arc evaporation onto cemented carbide substrates, with intended applications for cutting tools. The three systems were found to exhibit age hardening upon annealing, by different mechanisms, into the superhard regime (≥30 GPa), as determined by a combination of electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, atom probe tomography, erda, and nanoindentation tech- niques. TiSiCN forms nanocomposite films during growth by virtue of Si segregation to the surface of TiCN nanocrystallites while simultaneously pro- moting renucleation. Thus, the common columnar microstructure of TiCN and low-Si-content (≤5 at. %) TiSiN-films is replaced by a “feather-like” nanos- tructure in high-Si-content (≥10 at. %) TiSiCN films. The presence of C promotes the formation of this structure, and results in an accelerated age hardening beginning at temperatures as low as 700 °C. The thermal stability of the TiSiCN films is, however, decreased compared to the TiSiN system by the loss of Si and interdiffusion of substrate species; C was found to ex- acerbate these processes, which became active at 900 °C. The ZrAlN system forms a two-phase nanostructure during growth consisting of cubic ZrAlN and wurtzite ZrAlN. Upon annealing to 1100 °C, the c-Zr(Al)N portion of the films recovers and semicoherent brick-like w-(Zr)AlN structures are formed. Age hardening by 36 % was obtained before overageing sets in at 1200 °C. As-deposited and annealed solid solution Ti0.33Al0.67N thin films were characterized for the first time by atom probe tomography. The as-deposited film was found to be at the very initial stage of spinodal decomposition, which continued during annealing of the film at 900 °C for 2 h. N preferentially segregates to Al-rich domains in the annealed sample, causing a compositional variation between Ti-rich and Al-rich domains, to maintain the stoichiometry for the developing AlN phase. That effect also compensates for some of the coherency strain formed between cubic domains of TiN and AlN. Finally, a possible Kirkendall effect caused by an imbalance in the metal interdiffusion during the spinodal decomposition was discovered.
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Frigaard, Øyvind. "A process model for friction stir welding of age hardening aluminium alloys." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Materials Technology, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1759.

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Esarey, John Gilbert. "Continuous measurement by eddy current methods of age hardening in aluminum alloys." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23592.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited
Many materials processing operations such as age hardening heat treatments typically involve following predetermined time and temperature schedules to obtain the desired final material properties. The intelligent processing approach is to develop sensors for monitoring of material response to processing operation in real time. As an alloy age hardens its electrical resistivity changes. Hence, the process of aging can be monitored by measuring the change is resistivity relative to that of a non-age hardening material such as fully annealed aluminum. A device using two small, spiral-wound probes was designed to induce eddy currents within the pure aluminum and the aging alloy. The probes were incorporated as elements in an impedance bridge circuit. The bridge unbalance voltage decreased in value over time indicating decreasing relativity during the aging process. The monitoring concept was verified. Refinements such as improved impedance bridge circuitry and probe size/test frequency optimization are needed to unlock its full potential.
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Beverini, Gianluca. "Phase transformations in binary uranium alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292647.

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Nicol, Alison. "Aspects of copper precipitation and irradiation hardening in Fe-Cu alloys." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325841.

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Skoufari-Themistou, Leda. "Impact and yield strength behaviour of age-hardening, low-carbon copper-containing steels." Thesis, City University London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319641.

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Guapuriche, Manuel Antonio Salazar. "Evolution of Electrical Conductivity, Hardness and Strength during Age Hardening of AA 7010." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507650.

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Khalfallah, Ibrahim. "Designing Microstructure through Reverse Peritectoid Phase Transformation in Ni₃Mo Alloy." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78058.

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High-energy ball milling and powder metallurgy methods were used to produce a partially alloyed nickel and molybdenum of γ-Ni₃Mo composition (Ni-25at.%Mo). Milled powders were cold-compacted, sintered/solutionized at 1300°C for 100h sintering followed by quenching. Three transformation studies were performed. First, the intermetallic γ-Ni₃Mo was formed from the supersaturated solution at temperatures ranging between 600°C and 900°C for up to 100h. The 100% stable γ-Ni₃Mo phase was formed at 600°C after 100h, while aging at temperatures ranging between 650°C and 850°C for 25h was not sufficient to complete the transformation. The δ-NiMo phase was observed only at 900°C as cellular and basket strands precipitates. Second, the reversed peritectoid transformation from γ-Ni₃Mo to α-Ni and δ-NiMo was performed. Supersaturated solid solution samples were first aged at 600C for 100h followed by quenching to form the equilibrium γ-Ni₃Mo phase. After that, the samples were heat treated between 910°C and 1050°C for up to 10h followed by quenching. Regardless of heat-treatment temperature, samples heat-treated for shorter times exhibited small precipitates of δ-NiMo along and within grain boundaries of α-Ni phase, and it coarsened with time. Third, the transformation from the supersaturated solution α-Ni to the peritectoid two-phase region was performed. The samples were aged between 910°C and 1050°C for up to 10h followed by quenching. Precipitates of δ-NiMo were observed in the α-Ni matrix as small particles and then coarsened with aging time. In all three cases, hardness values increased and peaked in a way similar to that of traditional aging, except that the peak occurred much rapidly in the second and third cases. In the first case, hardness increased by about 113.6% due to the development of the new phases, while the hardness increased by 90.5% and 77.2% in the second and third cases, respectively.
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James, Robert Bailey. "Resistivity measurement by eddy current methods for real-time monitoring of age hardening in heat treatable alloys." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA311567.

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Books on the topic "Age hardening"

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Esarey, John Gilbert. Continuous measurement by eddy current methods of age hardening in aluminum alloys. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1992.

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Adaskin, Anatoliy, Aleksandr Krasnovskiy, and Tat'yana Tarasova. Materials science and technology of metallic, non-metallic and composite materials. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1143245.

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Book 1 of the textbook consists of two parts. Part I describes the structure of metallic, non-metallic, and composite materials. Technologies of production of metal materials are considered: metallurgical production of ferrous and non-ferrous metals; powder metallurgy; technologies of production of non-metallic materials: polymers, glass, graphite; technologies of production of composite materials, including semi-finished products-prepregs, premixes. Part II is devoted to methods for studying the properties of materials. Metal materials, technologies of their hardening by thermal, chemical-thermal treatment, and plastic deformation are considered. The features of organic and inorganic nonmetallic materials, as well as the possibility of changing their properties, are given. Composite materials are widely covered, and the areas of their rational application are shown. Revised chapter 14, which deals with intelligent materials. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors and undergraduates studying in groups of training areas 15.00.00 "Mechanical Engineering" and 22.00.00 "Materials Technologies". It can be used for training graduate students of engineering specialties, as well as for advanced training of engineering and technical workers of machine-building enterprises.
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Chari, Commandur T. Evaluation of age hardening on the characteristics of asphalts and mixtures. 1988.

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Ferris, William F. The age hardening response of thermomechanically processed Al-Mg-Li alloys. 1987.

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Resistivity Measurement by Eddy Current Methods for Real-Time Monitoring of Age Hardening in Heat Treatable Alloys. Storming Media, 1996.

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Wenzel, Ulrich, Thorsten Wiech, and Udo Helmchen. The effect of hypertension on renal vasculature and structure. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0211.

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The concept of hypertensive nephrosclerosis was introduced by Volhard and Fahr in 1914 and has been extensively used in the literature since then, but its existence is controversial. While it is indisputable that malignant hypertension is a cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), there remains controversy as to whether the so-called benign nephrosclerosis can also lead to ESRD.Pressure, if it is great enough, will eventually disrupt any structure. Obviously, this is also true of blood pressure. It is therefore not surprising that an experimentally induced great increase in pressure disrupts the integrity of the blood-vessel wall. Such vascular lesions may be caused or at least influenced by several factors: humoral factors such as angiotensin II, catecholamines, mineralocorticoids, and vasopressin may increase vascular permeability, thereby damaging the vessel walls independently of, or superimposed upon, elevated blood pressure.Nephrosclerosis (literally, hardening of the kidney, Greek derivation: nephros, kidney; sclerosis, hardening) refers to diseases with predominant pathological changes occurring in the pre-glomerular vasculature and secondary changes involving the glomeruli and interstitium. Therefore, it is appropriate to describe first those vascular lesions, which, at least under defined experimental conditions, are believed to be caused solely by the presence of hypertension.
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Rakhit, A. K. Heat Treatment of Gears. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.htgpge.9781627083478.

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Heat Treatment of Gears: A Practical Guide for Engineers describes the processes and procedures used to harden alloy steel gears and explains how to optimize benefits, such as improved fatigue life, while minimizing distortion and costs. The first few chapters familiarize readers with the basic concepts of heat treating and its effect on the composition, structure, and properties of iron-carbon alloys. The chapters that follow compare and contrast the heat treatments typically used for gears, including through hardening, induction hardening, carburizing, nitriding, and carbonitriding. Carburizing and nitriding are covered in much greater depth than the other methods because of their extensive use and the advantages they offer. As the book explains, carburizing produces gears with three to four times the torque density than that achieved by other methods, while nitriding causes the least amount of distortion. The book also addresses the disadvantages of each process and, using examples, presents various ways to get around them. It also discusses secondary operations, such as shot peening and finish grinding, and provides insights on material and process selection as well as gear design. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-694-2, follow this link.
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Liu, Helena. Redeeming Leadership. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529200041.001.0001.

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We are living in an inhospitable world. Countries like the United States, United Kingdom and Australia are hardening their borders while organisations and societies are mounting a backlash against even the most modest advancements towards gender and racial equality. Leadership has served as a vehicle through which domination and oppression are normalised and romanticised. Despite its troubled history, leadership continues to enjoy a sacred status in our cultures and is often upheld as the solution for inclusion. Redeeming Leadership aims to identify and challenge the violences of leadership by confronting the hegemony of imperialist, white supremacist, capitalist and patriarchal ideologies within leadership theorising and practice. In doing so, the book draws on the complex and distinct traditions of anti-racist feminisms in order to offer redemptive possibilities for ‘leadership’ that may be exercised from the values of justice, solidarity and love.
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Khan, Kausar S. Four ‘Ordinary’ Deaths. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190656546.003.0011.

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This chapter by Kausar S. Khan draws continuities between her early research in unplanned settlements (katchi abadis) in Orangi, her activism in the Karachi’s Women’s Action Forum, and her academic research into the effects of structural, gendered and political violence on women and marginalized communities. She offers a moving account of the deaths of four friends in 2013. Khan writes using the first person, forcing the reader into an intimate, uncomfortable relation with the text, and the emotional landscape she engages. This compelling auto-ethnographic piece highlights the contradiction in experiences of loss and grief which are deeply unfathomable, compared with the need to crystallize their articulation in activist agendas. Thereby it comprises a view into violence’s lasting effects, ways research and activism co-constitute spaces of mourning, and the basis of a hardening desire to oppose violence by the means available.
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Duffield, Jeremy S. Disordered scarring and failure of repair. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0140.

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Scarring is the name given to fibrous tissue accumulation in the skin, which, when it forms elsewhere, is known as fibrosis, but the terms are frequently used interchangeably. The scientific study of fibrosis or scarring was established and developed in skin wounding, as a part of the normal repair response, long before it was appreciated that pathological fibrosis or scarring occurs as a consequence of sustained or iterative injury to internal organs. Increasing experimental evidence indicates that the process of skin wounding with scarring is very similar to the process of organ injury with fibrosis detected in vital organs including the kidney. Kidney fibrosis develops in glomeruli, where it is known as glomerulosclerosis (literally hardening of glomeruli due to fibrotic tissue), or in the interstitial virtual space between tubules and peritubular capillaries, known as interstitial fibrosis. Increasingly fibrosis of the kidney and the cells that make fibrous tissue are seen as targets for therapeutic intervention in chronic diseases of the kidney.
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Book chapters on the topic "Age hardening"

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Hafiz, Mohamed A., and Emmanuel Denarié. "Experimental Study of Tensile Response of Strain Hardening UHPFRC at Early Age." In Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites, 308–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1194-2_36.

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Lee, C. F., and T. T. Shun. "Age Hardening of the Al0.5CoCrNiTi0.5High Entropy Alloy." In TMS2013 Supplemental Proceedings, 1147–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118663547.ch140.

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Feng, Chai, Cai Fu Yang, Su Hang, Yong Quan Zhang, and Xu Zhou. "Cracking Resistance of Cu-Bearing Age-Hardening Steel." In Key Engineering Materials, 2015–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.2015.

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Nguyen-Tuong, Anh, Salvatore Guarnieri, Doug Greene, Jeff Shirley, and David Evans. "Automatically Hardening Web Applications Using Precise Tainting." In Security and Privacy in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing, 295–307. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-25660-1_20.

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Sasaki, T. T., T. Ohkubo, and K. Hono. "Age hardening behavior of Mg-1.2Sn-1.7Zn alloy containing Al." In Essential Readings in Magnesium Technology, 269–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48099-2_44.

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Sasaki, T. T., T. Ohkubo, and K. Hono. "Age hardening behavior of Mg-1.2Sn-1.7Zn alloy containing Al." In Magnesium Technology 2012, 181–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48203-3_34.

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Jahn, R., W. T. Donlon, and J. E. Allison. "Age Hardening Behavior in a Commercial 319-Type Aluminum Alloy." In Automotive Alloys 1999, 247–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118787601.ch21.

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Sasaki, T. T., T. Ohkubo, and K. Hono. "Age Hardening Behavior of Mg-1.2Sn-1.7Zn Alloy Containing Al." In Essential Readings in Magnesium Technology, 269–73. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118859803.ch44.

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Slámová, Margarita, Miloš Janeček, Miroslav Cieslar, and Vladimír Šíma. "Effect of Quenching Temperature on Age Hardening of AA6016 Sheets." In Materials Science Forum, 333–36. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-469-3.333.

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de Carvalho, Leandro Gomes, Ronald Lesley Plaut, Marcelo de Aquino Martorano, and Angelo Fernando Padilha. "Study of Age Hardening Behavior in a 350 Grade Maraging Steel." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2015, 1–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093404.ch1.

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Conference papers on the topic "Age hardening"

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Löfgren, Ingemar. "Early age cracking of self-compacting concrete." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.027.

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Vasilyev, Alexander A., Alexander S. Gruzdev, and Nikolay L. Kuzmin. "Model for commercial 6XXX series aluminium alloys age-hardening simulation." In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Alexander I. Melker. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.676307.

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Vevecka-Priftaj, A., E. Lamani, J. Fjerdingen, Y. Langsrud, J. Gjønnes, and V. Hansen. "Age Hardening Kinetics in 7xxx Type (Al-Mg-Zn) Alloys." In SIXTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE BALKAN PHYSICAL UNION. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2733236.

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Pirskawetz, Stephan. "Detection of early-age cracking using acoustic emission." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.041.

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Braam, C. R. "Early-age shrinkage control and strength development of concrete." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.020.

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Pope, L. E., and D. E. Peebles. "Effects of composition and age hardening on precious metal electrical contacts." In Electrical Contacts, 1988., Proceedings of the Thirty Fourth Meeting of the IEEE Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/holm.1988.16117.

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Cusson, Daniel. "Measuring early-age coefficient of thermal expansion in high-performance concrete." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.034.

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Schulz-Beeker, A. S., and H. P. Hougardy. "Developement of High-Strength Martensite by Age-Hardening of Coherent Intermetallic Precipitates." In ESOMAT 1989 - Ist European Symposium on Martensitic Transformations in Science and Technology. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/esomat/198909004.

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CROSSLEY, FRANK, ROBERT TURK, and MICHAEL MURPHY. "Mechanical properties of diffusion-bonded Cu-0.1Zr alloy and age hardening behavior." In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1925.

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Fontana, Patrick. "Influence of mix composition on early-age autogenous deformations of cement pastes." In International RILEM Conference on Volume Changes of Hardening Concrete: Testing and Mitigation. RILEM Publications, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/2351580052.028.

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Reports on the topic "Age hardening"

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Wu, A. S., S. G. Torres, J. T. McKeown, D. S. Urabe, D. C. Freeman, J. P. Lotscher, F. J. Ryerson, et al. Low Temperature Age Hardening in Cast Uranium-6 wt. pct. Niobium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1438735.

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Carter, D. H., A. C. McGeorge, L. A. Jacobson, and P. W. Stanek. Age hardening in rapidly solidified and hot isostatically pressed beryllium-aluminum-silver alloys. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/102191.

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Hackenberg, Robert, and Jessica Lopez. Exploiting Commonly-Reported Age-Hardening Data and Discovering Systematics Across Metallic Alloys and Alloy Systems to Identify Corrosion’s Most Influential Factors. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1669060.

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Previtali, Marco, Matteo Ciantia, Saverio Spadea, Riccardo Castellanza, and Giovanni Crosta. Development of a macro-element model for rockfall steel wires using. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001232.

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This paper aims to present a few aspects of the development of a plastic-hardening macro-element model for steel wires in flexible protection systems. First, the material behaviour is obtained using uniaxial tensile tests. Successively, the evolution of the elastic and plastic domain is obtained using a combination of physical tests, analytical models, and numerical simulations. Finally, the results obtained with the macro-element model are compared to those obtained using other approaches found in literature.
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Oliynyk, Kateryna, and Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.
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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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Ramakrishnan, Aravind, Ashraf Alrajhi, Egemen Okte, Hasan Ozer, and Imad Al-Qadi. Truck-Platooning Impacts on Flexible Pavements: Experimental and Mechanistic Approaches. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-038.

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Truck platoons are expected to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption. However, their use is projected to accelerate pavement damage due to channelized-load application (lack of wander) and potentially reduced duration between truck-loading applications (reduced rest period). The effect of wander on pavement damage is well documented, while relatively few studies are available on the effect of rest period on pavement permanent deformation. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to quantify the impact of rest period theoretically, using a numerical method, and experimentally, using laboratory testing. A 3-D finite-element (FE) pavement model was developed and run to quantify the effect of rest period. Strain recovery and accumulation were predicted by fitting Gaussian mixture models to the strain values computed from the FE model. The effect of rest period was found to be insignificant for truck spacing greater than 10 ft. An experimental program was conducted, and several asphalt concrete (AC) mixes were considered at various stress levels, temperatures, and rest periods. Test results showed that AC deformation increased with rest period, irrespective of AC-mix type, stress level, and/or temperature. This observation was attributed to a well-documented hardening–relaxation mechanism, which occurs during AC plastic deformation. Hence, experimental and FE-model results are conflicting due to modeling AC as a viscoelastic and the difference in the loading mechanism. A shift model was developed by extending the time–temperature superposition concept to incorporate rest period, using the experimental data. The shift factors were used to compute the equivalent number of cycles for various platoon scenarios (truck spacings or rest period). The shift model was implemented in AASHTOware pavement mechanic–empirical design (PMED) guidelines for the calculation of rutting using equivalent number of cycles.
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He, Rui, Na (Luna) Lu, and Jan Olek. Development of In-Situ Sensing Method for the Monitoring of Water-Cement (w/c) Values and the Effectiveness of Curing Concrete. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317377.

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As the most widely used construction material, concrete is very durable and can provide long service life without extensive maintenance. The strength and durability of concrete are primarily influenced by the initial water-cement ratio value (w/c), and the curing condition during the hardening process also influences its performance. The w/c value is defined as the total mass of free water that can be consumed by hydration divided by the total mass of cement and any additional pozzolanic material such as fly ash, slag, silica fume. Once placed, field concrete pavements are routinely cured with liquid membrane-forming compounds. For laboratory study, concrete samples are usually cured in saturated lime water or a curing room with a relative humidity (RH) value higher than 95%. Thus, the effectiveness of curing compounds for field concrete needs to be studied. In this study, the dielectric constant value of plastic concrete was measured by ground penetrating radar (GPR). The w/c value of the plastic concrete was calculated by a mathematical model from the measured dielectric constant value. The calculated w/c value was compared with the microwave oven drying measurement determined result in AASHTO T318. A modified coarse aggregate correction factor was proposed and applied in microwave oven drying measurement to determine the w/c value of plastic concrete in AASHTO T318. The effectiveness of curing compound was evaluated by field concrete slabs by GPR measurement. It was found that GPR can be a promising NDT method for In this study, the dielectric constant value of plastic concrete was measured by ground penetrating radar (GPR). The w/c value of the plastic concrete was calculated by a mathematical model from the measured dielectric constant value. The calculated w/c value was compared with the microwave oven drying measurement determined result in AASHTO T318. A modified coarse aggregate correction factor was proposed and applied in microwave oven drying measurement to determine the w/c value of plastic concrete in AASHTO T318. The effectiveness of curing compound was evaluated by field concrete slabs by GPR measurement. It was found that GPR can be a promising NDT method for w/c determination of plastic concrete and curing effectiveness evaluation method for hardened concrete.
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LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL S30408 UNDER LARGE PLASTIC STRAIN AMPLITUDE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.10.

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The application of stainless steel materials in civil structures for seismic protection lies in its low-cycle fatigue characteristic. However, the data of existing research are mainly based on the low-cycle fatigue in small strain amplitudes. To this end, we perform low-cycle fatigue testing of Austenitic stainless steel S30408, which has low yield point and good elongation performance, under the cyclic load with a maximum strain amplitude reaching up to 5%, to fill the gap. The stress-strain response characteristics of the stainless steel material under the cyclic load are analyzed; then, the parameters of the strain-fatigue life relationship and the cyclic-plastic constitutive model used for FEA simulation are extracted. Results show that the stainless steel’s stress-strain curve is nonlinear without a yield plateau, thus presenting a high strength yield ratio and ductility. The hysteresis loops of the material are plump with a shuttle shape and are symmetric to the origin, indicating a fine energy dissipation capacity. The skeleton curve under cyclic loading with cyclic hardening can be significantly reflected by the Ramberg Osgood model, which is affected by the strain amplitude and loading history; it is also different from the monotonic tensile skeleton curve. The strain-fatigue life curve fitted by the Baqusin Manson Coffin model can predict the materials’ fatigue life under different strain amplitudes. The mixed hardening model, including isotropic and kinematic hardening, based on the Chaboche model, is able to simulate the cyclic stress-strain relationship. Further, its parameters can provide basic data information for the seismic design of civil structures when Austenitic stainless steel S30408 is used.
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A REEXAMINATION ON CALIBRATION OF CYCLIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR STRUCTURAL STEELS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.267.

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Exquisite calibration of model parameter is crucial for simulation accuracy of cyclic constitutive model. This paper is aiming to clarify the influence of different calibration factors on the calibration results and simulation performances of Chaboche combined isotropic/kinematic hardening constitutive model. The influencing calibration factors include the definition of proof strength point on unloading-reloading path, the definition of unloading elastic modulus, the relative proportion of initial back stress and saturation back stress. Based upon different influencing factors, the Chaboche model parameters of LYP225 steel and Q460 steel are calibrated. Accordingly, the main cyclic behavior curves, including the hysteretic stress-strain curves, the evolutionary curves of stress amplitude and plastic work are simulated. Through analyzing the errors between experimental and simulated results, rational suggestions for the valuation of each influencing factor are provided. By taking these suggestions, the calibration of model parameters are able to yield favorable simulation performances and promising convenience for subsequent comparative studies.
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