Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aftershock studies

Academic literature on the topic 'Aftershock studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aftershock studies"

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Horner, R. B., R. J. Wetmiller, M. Lamontagne, and M. Plouffe. "A fault model for the Nahanni earthquakes from aftershock studies." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 80, no. 6A (December 1, 1990): 1553–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa08006a1553.

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Abstract Relative locations of 323 large aftershocks (M 3.0 or greater) in the period from 5 October 1985 to 25 March 1988 show that the Ms 6.6 event on 5 October 1985 initiated at 62.208°N, 124.217°W, about 2.5 km northeast of the Ms 6.9 main shock on 23 December 1985. The overall aftershock distribution suggests the October rupture was primarily a west-dipping, low-angle thrust. In subsequent aftershock activity, the main rupture plane was marked by a distinct quiescent area of about 200 km2 that persisted until the 23 December event. Most of the stress drop and slip occurred in this area. Following the 23 December rupture, a similar sized quiescent zone was also observed; however, it was only evident during the first 24 hr of the aftershock sequence, and the area was about 50 per cent too small to yield the overall stress drop. The additional area appeared to come from secondary rupture zones that developed coincident with the main shock rupture. Precise locations of 182 small (M 3.0 or less) aftershocks recorded during a third field survey from 12 to 21 September 1986 indicated at least one and probably three high-angle faults. Composite mechanism solutions showed thrust faulting except in a region directly south of the main shock rupture areas where there is a bend in one of the secondary fault zones and a concentration of aftershock activity. Mechanism solutions calculated for five of the largest aftershocks in the same region also indicated a similar variability. Development of secondary fault zones explained the increased complexity of the December event and may also provide an explanation for the vertical peak acceleration exceeding 2 g that was recorded about 10 sec after the December rupture initiated.
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Sabu, Berlin, and S. Deepa Balakrishnan. "A Review on the Selection of Real and Artificial Seismic Sequences for Analysis." Proceedings of the 12th Structural Engineering Convention, SEC 2022: Themes 1-2 1, no. 1 (December 19, 2022): 909–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.38208/acp.v1.601.

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A huge mainshock activates several aftershocks, divulging the public to serious risk and impeding building repair, rehabilitation, and restoration works. The performance of a structure during multiple earthquakes depends on structural properties and the characteristics of ground motion. Hence, the selection of seismic sequence plays a vital role in the analysis. Presumption of spatial and temporal characteristics of aftershocks is needed for the identification of these repeated motions. This paper further looks into statistical variability connected with aftershock sequences. A critical review of different real and artificial seismic sequences taken for the analysis is carried out. A few studies reveal that a strong motion database for procuring actual mainshock aftershock sequences could underrate the aftershock effects as the database is inadequate and imperfect. It is also observed that artificial sequences can take the place of real sequences especially when an ample data set of real mainshock aftershock sequences are not accessible.
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Yang, Fan, Dewen Liu, Min Lei, Yanping Zheng, Tiange Zhao, and Liang Gao. "Seismic fragility analysis of the inter-story isolated structure for the influence of main-aftershock sequences." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 2023): 168781322211457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878132221145791.

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The inter-story isolated structure is an effective and feasible structure seismic technology and system, but most studies on inter-story isolated structures only consider the mainshock. A strong mainshock is usually accompanied by multiple aftershocks, the structure will be damaged under the action of the mainshock. Because of the short time interval between the main shock and the aftershocks, the structure is often not repaired in time, so it will be further damaged under the action of the aftershock. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the fragility of inter-story isolated structures under the action of main-aftershock sequences. In this study, the incremental dynamic analysis method was used, and the inter-story isolated structure of a frame shear wall was established. The vulnerability curves of each substructure under the action of a single mainshock and main-aftershock sequence were compared. A series structure system was used to calculate the overall vulnerability of the inter-story isolated structure. The vulnerability curves of different isolation layer setting positions and isolation bearing stiffness under the action of a single mainshock and main-aftershock were compared, and the collapse margin ratio (CMR) of the structure given. The results show that aftershocks increase the exceedance probability of each substructure, and with an increase in the limit state, the influence of aftershocks is more obvious. An appropriate isolation layer design reduces the influence of aftershocks and the exceedance probability of the entire structure.
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Ogata, Yosihiko, and Takahiro Omi. "Statistical Monitoring and Early Forecasting of the Earthquake Sequence: Case Studies after the 2019 M 6.4 Searles Valley Earthquake, California." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 110, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 1781–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120200023.

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ABSTRACT This study considers the possible implementation of the operational short-term forecasting, and analysis of earthquake occurrences using a real-time hypocenter catalog of ongoing seismic activity, by reviewing case studies of the aftershocks of the Mw 6.4 Searles Valley earthquake that occurred before the Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake. First, the short-term prediction of spatiotemporal activity is required in real time along with the background seismic activity over a wide region to obtain practical probabilities of large earthquakes; snapshots from the continuous forecasts during the Searles Valley and Ridgecrest earthquake sequence are included to monitor the growth and migration of seismic activity over time. We found that the area in and around the rupture zone in southern California had a very high background rate. Second, we need to evaluate whether a first strong earthquake may be the foreshock for a further large earthquake; the rupture region in southern California had one of the highest such probabilities. Third, short-term probability forecast of early aftershocks are much desired despite the difficulties with data acquisition. The aftershock sequence of the Mw 6.4 Searles Valley event was found to significantly increase the probability of a larger earthquake, as seen in the foreshock sequence of the 2016 MJMA 7.4 Kumamoto, Japan, earthquake. Finally, detrending the temporal activity of all the aftershocks by stretching and shrinking the ordinary time scale according to the rate given by the Omori–Utsu formula or the epidemic-type aftershock sequence model, we observe the spatiotemporal occurrences in which seismicity patterns may be abnormal, such as relative quiescence, relative activation, or migrating activity. Such anomalies should be recorded and listed for the future evaluation of the probability of a possible precursor for a large aftershock or a new rupture nearby. An example of such anomalies in the aftershocks before the Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake is considered.
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Savage, Martha Kane, and Robert P. Meyer. "Aftershocks of an M = 4.2 earthquake in Hawaii and comparison with long-term studies of the same volume." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75, no. 3 (June 1, 1985): 759–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0750030759.

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Abstract Study of the aftershocks recorded in a 3-hr period after a 4.2 magnitude event on the East Rift Zone of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, on 12 April 1982 shows that the aftershocks occurred on different planes than the main shock, probably as a result of stress redistribution; the aftershock locations are probably controlled by preexisting structures. This study also suggests that these relatively small aftershocks occurred in the same seismicity patterns as larger events recorded in the same volume over a period of 10 yr. Slips on most of the aftershocks and the main shock are in the same direction, perpendicular to the East Rift Zone, as has been found in studies of other, larger earthquakes. However, fault-plane solutions varied more, as did the tensional axes, and several of the smaller events showed movement in the opposite direction from the main shock and the rest of the aftershocks, suggesting some rebound was occurring near the edges of the aftershock zone. Because ten times as much energy was released in the aftershocks in a narrow linear region as elsewhere, and since the main shock epicenter was oceanward of all the aftershocks, we suggest that rupture began at the main shock hypocenter and propagated landward, implying an almost “one-dimensional” fault. For the aftershocks, the relationship between moment and magnitude was: log M0 = (1.18 ± 0.17) ML + (17.3 ± 0.17). Differences in amplification lead to site differences of up to 0.8 units in local magnitude and 1.5 orders of magnitude in energy release. These correlated somewhat with station time corrections in that the stations with the longest delay times also had greatest amplification.
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Astiopoulos, A. C., E. Papadimitriou, V. Karakostas, D. Gospodinov, and G. Drakatos. "SEISMICITY CHANGES DETECTION DURING THE SEISMIC SEQUENCES EVOLUTION AS EVIDENCE OF STRESS CHANGES." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11390.

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The statistical properties of the aftershock occurrence are among the main issues in investigating the earthquake generation process. Seismicity rate changes during a seismic sequence, which are detected by the application of statistical models, are proved to be precursors of strong events occurring during the seismic excitation. Application of these models provides a tool in assessing the imminent seismic hazard, oftentimes by the estimation of the expected occurrence rate and comparison of the predicted rate with the observed one. The aim of this study is to examine the temporal distribution and especially the occurrence rate variations of aftershocks for two seismic sequences that took place, the first one near Skyros island in 2001 and the second one near Lefkada island in 2003, in order to detect and determine rate changes in connection with the evolution of the seismic activity. Analysis is performed through space–time stochastic models which are developed, based upon both aftershocks clustering studies and specific assumptions. The models applied are the Modified Omori Formula (MOF), the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) and the Restricted Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (RETAS). The modelling of seismicity rate changes, during the evolution of the particular seismic sequences, is then attempted in association with and as evidence of static stress changes
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Wang, Chisheng, Junzhuo Ke, Jincheng Jiang, Min Lu, Wenqun Xiu, Peng Liu, and Qingquan Li. "Visual analytics of aftershock point cloud data in complex fault systems." Solid Earth 10, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 1397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-10-1397-2019.

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Abstract. Aftershock point cloud data provide direct evidence for the characteristics of underground faults. However, there has been a dearth of studies using state-of-the-art visual analytics methods to explore the data. In this paper, we present a novel interactive visual analysis approach for visualizing the aftershock point cloud. Our method employs a variety of interactive operations, rapid visual computing functions, flexible display modes, and various filtering approaches to present and explore the desired information for the fault geometry and aftershock dynamics. The case study conducted for the 2016 Central Italy earthquake sequence shows that the proposed approach can facilitate the discovery of the geometry of the four main fault segments and three secondary fault segments. It can also clearly reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of the aftershocks, helping to find the fluid-driven mechanism of this sequence. An open-source prototype system based on the approach is also developed and is freely available.
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Jiang, C. S., and Z. L. Wu. "PI forecast with or without de-clustering: an experiment for the Sichuan-Yunnan region." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 7, 2011): 697–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-697-2011.

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Abstract. Pattern Informatics (PI) algorithm uses earthquake catalogues for estimating the increase of the probability of strong earthquakes. The main measure in the algorithm is the number of earthquakes above a threshold magnitude. Since aftershocks occupy a significant proportion of the total number of earthquakes, whether de-clustering affects the performance of the forecast is one of the concerns in the application of this algorithm. This problem is of special interest after a great earthquake, when aftershocks become predominant in regional seismic activity. To investigate this problem, the PI forecasts are systematically analyzed for the Sichuan-Yunnan region of southwest China. In this region there have occurred some earthquakes larger than MS 7.0, including the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. In the analysis, the epidemic-type aftershock sequences (ETAS) model was used for de-clustering. The PI algorithm was revised to consider de-clustering, by replacing the number of earthquakes by the sum of the ETAS-assessed probability for an event to be a "background event" or a "clustering event". Case studies indicate that when an intense aftershock sequence is included in the "sliding time window", the hotspot picture may vary, and the variation lasts for about one year. PI forecasts seem to be affected by the aftershock sequence included in the "anomaly identifying window", and the PI forecast using "background events" seems to have a better performance.
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Mahat, Pushpa, Piyush Pradhan, Rabindra Adhikari, Andre Furtado, Dipendra Gautam, and Rajesh Rupakhety. "Seismic Sequence Vulnerability of Low-Rise Special Moment-Resisting Frame Buildings with Brick Infills." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 8231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168231.

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When buildings are exposed to earthquake sequence, damage aggravation is expected to occur. Although several studies report seismic vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under the mainshock–aftershock sequence, indicating damage aggravation due to aftershock, none, to the best of our knowledge, quantifies seismic vulnerability of buildings under foreshock–mainshock–aftershock sequences. Since foreshock–mainshock–aftershock sequences are also expected in many active seismic regions, we aim to quantify the level of vulnerability under seismic sequences considering the seismically highly active Himalayan region as the case study location. Fragility functions are derived considering foreshock, foreshock–mainshock sequence, and foreshock–mainshock–aftershock sequence for a low-rise special moment-resisting frame (SMRF) building that represents a typical low-rise owner-built construction system in Nepal, one of the most active seismic regions in the world. The results highlight that the foreshock significantly increases seismic vulnerability of the structures with respect to the often-considered case of a mainshock–aftershock sequence.
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Gerstenberger, M. C., L. M. Jones, and S. Wiemer. "Short-term Aftershock Probabilities: Case Studies in California." Seismological Research Letters 78, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.78.1.66.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aftershock studies"

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Wu, Qimin. "Seismic Source and Attenuation Studies in the Central and Eastern United States." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77677.

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To better understand the ground motion and associated seismic hazard of earthquakes in the central and eastern United States (CEUS), this dissertation focuses on the source parameters and wave propagation characteristics of both tectonic earthquakes and induced earthquakes in the CEUS. The infrequent occurrence of significant earthquakes in the CEUS limits the necessary observations needed to understand earthquake processes and to reduce uncertainty in seismic-hazard maps. The well-recored aftershock sequence of the 2011 Mineral, Virginia, earthquake offers a rare opportunity to improve our understanding of earthquake processes and earthquake hazard in this populous region of the United States. Moreover, the rapid increase of seismicity in the CEUS since 2009 that has been linked to wastewater injection has raised concern regarding the potential hazard. In this dissertation, I first present a detailed study of the aftershock sequence of the 2011 Mw 5.7 Mineral, Virginia earthquake. It involves the hypocenter locations of ~3000 earthquakes, ~400 focal mechanism solutions, statistics of the aftershock sequence, and the Coulomb stress modeling that explains the triggering mechnanism of those aftershocks. Second, I examine the S-wave attenuation at critical short hypocentral distances (< 60 km) using the aftershock data. The observed S-wave amplitudes decay as a function of hypocenter distance R according to R^-1.3 - R^-1.5, which is substantially steeper than R^-1 for a homogeneous whole space. Finally, I propose and apply a stable multi-window coda spectral ratio method to estimate corner frequencies and Brune-type stress drops for the 2011 Mineral, Virginia mainshock and aftershocks, as well as induced earthquakes in Oklahoma. The goal of this comparative study is to find out whether or not there are systematical differences in source parameters between tectonic earthquakes and induced earthquakes in the CEUS. I found generally much higher stress drops for the Mineral, Virginia sequence. However, the stress drops for those induced earthquakes in Oklahoma exhibit large varation among individual earthquake sequences, with the large mainshocks having high stress drops (20-30 MPa, Brune-type) except for the 2011 Mw 5.6 Prague, Oklahoma earthquake. And spatially varying stress drops indicates strong fault heterogeneity, which in the case of induced earthquakes may be influenced by the injection of fluids into the subsurface.
Ph. D.
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Makeham, Paul B. ""Across the long, dry stage": Discourses of Landscape in Australian Drama." Thesis, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia, 1996. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/8980/1/c8980.pdf.

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This thesis is concerned with the representation of landscape in nine Australian plays. The introduction examines the functions and effects of landscape discourses within Australian culture generally, and on the stage in particular. The introduction is followed by three chapters, each of which examines three plays. In the sequence in which they are discussed, the plays are: 'At Dusk' (1937) by Millicent Armstrong; 'Pioneers' (1919) by Katharine Susannah Prichard; 'The Drovers' (1919) by Louis Esson; 'The Fields of Heaven' (1982) by Dorothy Hewett; 'Too Young For Ghosts' (1985) by Janis Balodis; 'Inside the Island' (1980) by Louis Nowra; 'Bran Nue Dae' (1990) by Jimmy Chi and Kuckles; 'The Kid' (1983) by Michael Gow; and 'Aftershocks' (1991) by Paul Brown and the Workers' Cultural Action Committee. The readings proposed here proceed on the understanding that landscapes are systems of representation rather than topographical entities. Landscapes are thus conceivable as textual formations, constituted of discourses and inscribed with a variety of ideologies. 'Discourse' here refers both to the spoken (dialogic) and the visual (scenic) modes of dramatic expression. A wide range of thematic concerns and dramaturgical forms is encompassed by these nine plays; accordingly, a variety of reading strategies is applied to them. In each of the plays examined, landscape and character are shown in a dynamic, mutually determining relationship, even in those realist works in which landscape is rendered as 'background' to the primary sites of interpersonal action. The thesis traces a movement from early realist one-act plays set in bush landscapes, to more recent, non-realist works of full-length set partially or wholly in cities. This structure might be characterised as a movement from the landscapes of 'nature' to the cityscapes of 'culture'.
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(12547160), Jennifer Kay Hafner. "Earthquake backazimuth determination using a single three-component digital seismograph." Thesis, 1997. https://figshare.com/articles/thesis/Earthquake_backazimuth_determination_using_a_single_three-component_digital_seismograph/19769053.

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Earthquake backazimuth estimation using a single three -component digital seismograph has been investigated. A three-dimensional principal components method formed the basic computational technique. Other details of the backazimuth estimation procedure were varied to determine the optimum approach. The data set comprised aftershocks of the 1988 Tennant Creek earthquakes, recorded on a number of stations in, or close to, the source zone. Epicentral distances (3.5 to 25 km) were unusually small compared to the data sets of others who have used similar techniques.

Complex geology challenged the accuracy of results. The most likely causes of error were believed to be the interruption of source -receiver wave travel paths by fault planes, and complex site geology. This included outcrops of highly deformed rocks, and proximity to a large intrusive body of anomalous character. Errors of 180° were common, possibly due to the low velocity surface layers.

Single station estimates were compared to reference backazimuths from network locations, determined by "EQLOCL" (SRC, RMIT), a program based on the least -squares travel -time approach. Approximately 75% of backazimuth discrepancies, projected into the range -90 to +90°, were less than or equal to 20°. This outcome indicates that the investigated technique can be successfully used to estimate earthquake backazimuth in at least some complex geologic receiver settings, and at short epicentral distances.

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Books on the topic "Aftershock studies"

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Aftershocks: A tale of two victims. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books, 1986.

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University of Roorkee. Dept. of Earthquake Engineering. and India. Dept. of Science and Technology., eds. Analysis of strong motion data of Chamoli earthquake of March 29, 1999: A report on strong motion studies in Himalayas. Roorkee, India: Dept. of Earthquake Engineering, University of Roorkee, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aftershock studies"

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Ippoliti, Elena, Andrea Casale, Michele Calvano, and Francesca Guadagnoli. "Giving Form to Absence." In Advances in Religious and Cultural Studies, 329–65. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6936-7.ch014.

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This chapter is motivated by the possibility of an intelligent use of digital technologies by experimenting with communicational forms and languages to enhance cultural heritage. The experimentation was conducted about a particular case study —the urban space of Amatrice and its community, overturned by the earthquake on 24 August 2016 and the successive aftershocks— with the goal of investigating the opportunities to integrate material and immaterial, tangible and intangible artefacts with reference to the experiences proposed for visitors, the type of individual and collective use, and the digital interfaces/devices and physical supports. The overall goal is to propose various visits, that is, different types of “virtual museums,” investigating in particular the specific contributions that the discipline of representation and the details of its communicational models can contribute to the context of correlations between representation/innovation and technology/communication.
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Litwa, M. David. "Introduction: Why the Evil Creator?" In The Evil Creator, 3–14. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197566428.003.0001.

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How do we explain the early Christian notion of the evil creator, especially in light of the Platonic requirement that the supreme god, to be god, must be good? The evil creator idea cannot entirely be explained by the political upheaval suffered by the Jews between 66 and 135 CE. Nor was it the aftershock of debates about monotheism, or speculation about a creator angel (who had no reason to become wicked). The best, or at least most testable, explanation is rooted in ancient biblical interpretation—the interpretation of Gentile Christians who had no love or loyalty to the Jewish deity in the first place. This Introduction closes with a discussion of who these early Christians were and how they will be studied (the history of interpretation).
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Hough, Susan Elizabeth, and Roger G. Bilham. "City of Angels or Edge City?" In After the Earth Quakes. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195179132.003.0013.

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Although this book focuses on societal response to earthquake disasters, many common threads can be found in societal response to other types of disasters. Some regions seem especially prone to disasters of all shapes and sizes, perhaps none more so than southern California, which can be star-studded and star-crossed in equal measure. This chapter steps away from the specific responses of societies to one type of disaster to instead consider the response of one society to myriad disasters. In southern California, disasters sometimes seem to pile up like, well, cars on a southern California freeway. During one memorably miserable week in October 2003, for example, firestorms laid waste to almost 700,000 acres in the region—2,000 homes, 24 lives, and a staggering $2 billion in property damage. It was a little like an earthquake in slow motion. The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake had claimed about three times more lives (63) and total property damage ($6 billion), but the number of homes rendered uninhabitable by that powerful temblor was lower (1,450) than the number destroyed by the firestorms of 2003. That the disaster played out slowly, over the span of several days rather than several tens of seconds, was a curse as well as a blessing. Advance warning kept the death toll from climbing higher; it also generated high anxiety among tens of thousands who would not lose their homes as well as the few thousand who would. Fires are less kind than earthquakes in another critical respect as well: they can reduce an entire house and its contents to ash, whereas much can often be salvaged from even a severely earthquake-ravaged home. Fires can even have their own aftershocks, after a fashion: heavy Christmas Day rains turned parts of two burn areas into torrents of fast-moving debris that swept through two campgrounds and claimed 16 lives, most of them children. Even heavier rains in early 2005 caused a more massive landslide in the coastal community of La Conchita.
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Conference papers on the topic "Aftershock studies"

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Yazdi, Pouye, Jorge Miguel Gaspar Escribano, and Miguel Angel Santoyo. "STRESS TRANSFERE AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF 2012 AHAR-VARZEGHAN SEISMIC SEQUNCE, NORTHWESTERN IRAN." In 1st Congress in Geomatics Engineering. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cigeo2017.2017.6662.

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In 11 of August 2012, two destructive earthquakes with Mw= 6.4 and 6.2 occurred between cities Ahar and Varzeghan (Northwest Iran). They had a close epicentral distance of 6 Km and also had a short time lag of 11 minutes. Following that, a high-rate of aftershock activity began where during the first month more than 2000 events (M≥0.7) affected several villages in the area. The seismic released energy induced significant damage and losses in an extensive zone. Right after the seismic doublet occurrence, a surface rupture with a primarily east-west orientation was observed. The idea of having an almost vertically dipped fault plane for the first shock is more consistent with the trace of the upper edge on the surface and the focal mechanism solutions which propose a steady dipping EW. Previous studies propose different geometries for the generating faults of the second earthquake. In this study, we associate the surface rupture with the first mainshock and both nodal plane explaining the relationship between the two main seismic events are discussed after Coulomb failure stress calculation due to the first shock. Then the stress transfer because of the doublet is analyzed in order to determine its consistency with the statistical modeling prediction for the aftershock population and spatial distribution. For statistical modeling a temporal version of Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) is applied on one-year seismicity including events with minimum magnitude of 2.5.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6662
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Mikheeva, A. V., and I. I. Kalinnikov. "Creepex as a parameter of seismo-geodynamic studies based on geo-information systems." In Spatial Data Processing for Monitoring of Natural and Anthropogenic Processes 2021. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25743/sdm.2021.18.89.024.

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The GIS-EEDB (the Expert Earthquake Database) and GIS-ENDDB (the Earth’s Natural Disasters DataBase) geoinformation systems implement methods for spatial-temporal analysis of both classical and new characteristics of the seismogeodynamic process. One of the new characteristics is a normalized creepex parameter that can be used in the statistical approach to studying of seismicity to assess a relative contribution of “soft” (creep) and “hard” (explosion) movements to the overall process of focal radiation. In this paper, the following modifications of the creepex parameter are proposed and compared: 1) Cr0 Cr0_world and CrN CrN world as the result of reducing the parameters Cr0 and CrN of each event to the world average values of the creepex, obtained from the polynomial dependence of Cri_world (i = 0, N) on MS_world where Cri_world are calculated based on the world average estimates of Ms_world and mb_world at uniform intervals of the seismic moment (NEIC catalog), 2) Cr_bji as the result of reducing CrN of each event to CrN_bji i.e. to the average for the studied in this work BJI catalog creepex values obtained from the polygonal trend CrN (MS) of all the catalog events. The advantage of using the creepex parameter, reduced to the trend of averaging the magnitudes of the catalog in question, is revealed, since the smallest linear dependence of the creepex on the magnitude is achieved (in comparison with the classical and normalized creepex) and the symmetry in the maximum amplitude of the deviation of the parameter relative to zero is preserved. Examples of the application of the compared parameters in specific seismic-geodynamic studies of aftershock processes of the Molucca and Simushir earthquakes also demonstrate the advantage of the parameter Cr_bji n the observed correspondence of the variations of the latter to the known physical processes in the focal zone of the Kashmir event, studied by the seismic-geodynamic methods of the GIS-EEDB geographical information system.
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McMahon, Nicole, and Richard Aster. "THE 6 NOVEMBER 2011 M5.6 PRAGUE, OKLAHOMA AFTERSHOCK SEQUENCE STUDIED USING SUBSPACE DETECTION." In GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-286703.

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Albrecht, Robert, John Calame, Mike Cook, Ignacio Falcon, and Patrick Lee. "High-Pressure Natural Gas Pipeline in Geohazard Region of Papua New Guinea Sustains Mw7.5 Earthquake: Key Factors of Successful Outcome." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9473.

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Abstract ExxonMobil PNG Limited (EMPNG) operates the Papua New Guinea Liquefied Natural Gas Project (PNG LNG), an integrated LNG project comprising wellpads, gathering lines, gas conditioning plant, onshore and offshore export pipelines, liquefaction plant and marine terminal in Papua New Guinea (PNG). The PNG LNG project is a joint venture with participation by ExxonMobil, Oil Search Limited (OSL), Kumul Petroleum, Santos, JX Nippon Oil and Gas Exploration and Mineral Resources Development Company, and began production in 2014. The highlands of PNG presents a challenging physical environment, with high rainfall, steep terrain, active tectonics and seismicity, and ongoing landsliding and erosion. The PNG LNG onshore gas and condensate pipelines confront these physical challenges by having to traverse approximately 150 km of steep volcanic, mudstone and Karstic highlands along the Papuan Fold and Thrust Belt, the modern leading edge of active mountain-building, plus an additional 150 km in Karstic lowlands. During design, construction and operations of the pipelines, ExxonMobil has addressed these challenges in partnership with the engineering, construction and specialist consulting communities. On February 25th, 2018 (UTC) a Magnitude 7.5 earthquake struck the PNG highlands. The event, along with its approximately 300 aftershocks, caused widespread community impact, landsliding and damage to over 1000s of km2, and was centered directly under the highlands portion of the PNG LNG pipelines. The pipelines however, did not lose containment or pressure, and, following inspections and repairs to the PNG LNG gas conditioning plant, PNG LNG production was restored within seven weeks of the main shock. This technical paper and companion oral presentation discuss the key factors of this successful outcome, in particular the sustained condition of the gas and condensate pipelines. Contributing factors to the pipeline’s success include route selection, pipe material specification, early commitment to field studies, careful assessment of geohazards, high awareness of off-ROW community impacts, micro-routing during construction, and active geohazard management during startup and operations. The paper demonstrates that, with respect for the host community, thoughtful engineering, careful construction and ongoing surveillance, pipelines can be safely and successfully designed, constructed and operated in remote and extreme geohazardous environments.
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Reports on the topic "Aftershock studies"

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Farahbod, A. M., and J. F. Cassidy. Temporal variations in coda Q before and after the 2017 Barrow Strait earthquake (Mw 5.9) in Nunavut and the 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake (Mw 7.8) in British Columbia. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331095.

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In this study, we examine potential temporal changes in coda Q values for two significant Canadian earthquakes in different tectonic environments: the 2017 (Mw 5.9) Barrow Strait earthquake along Canada's northern margin and the 2012 (Mw 7.8) Haida Gwaii subduction earthquake on Canada's west coast. Waveforms from 124 earthquakes (2.0 &amp;lt;/= M &amp;lt;/= 4.6) for ~30 years prior to the January 8, 2017 Barrow Strait earthquake and 66 events (mainly aftershocks of M 2.0-5.3) in about 4 years after the mainshock recorded by the closest seismic station (RES) of the Canadian National Seismograph Network (CNSN) were utilized in this study. Based on our analysis, overall average of Q0 (Q at 1 Hz) decreased from 92 (before the mainshock) to 81. The most significant decrease in the frequency range between 2 and 16 Hz is observed for areas corresponding to ellipse parameter a2 of 50, 70 and 80 mainly related to aftershock activity. Precursory Q changes could not be evaluated before the mainshock due to the lack of reported seismicity within 100 km of the recording seismic station for almost 2 years from April 2015 to January 2017. Coda Q values before and after the October 28, 2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake in British Columbia show a similar pattern. Waveforms from 249 earthquakes (2.0 &amp;lt;/= M &amp;lt;/= 4.9) in 2 years before the mainshock and 498 events (2.5 &amp;lt;/= M &amp;lt;/= 6.3) in 2 years after the mainshock recorded by the three closest seismic stations of the CNSN were utilized. Overall average of Q0 decreased from 89 (before the mainshock) to 69 (station BNB), from 90 to 79 (station DIB) and from 86 to 78 (station VIB). In general, these results are in agreement with other global studies that show a decrease in Q0 following a major earthquake, likely the result of increased fracturing and fluids in the epicentral region.
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