Relevant bibliographies by topics / After School Care

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'After School Care'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "After School Care"

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Vandell, Deborah Lowe, and Lee Shumow. "After-School Child Care Programs." Future of Children 9, no. 2 (1999): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602707.

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Haarbauer-Krupa, Julie. "Taking Care of Children After Traumatic Brain Injury." Perspectives on School-Based Issues 13, no. 3 (November 2012): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/sbi13.3.79.

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AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this article is to inform speech-language pathologists in the schools about issues related to the care of children with traumatic brain injury.Method: Literature review of characteristics, outcomes and issues related to the needs serving children.Results: Due to acquired changes in cognition, children with traumatic brain injury have unique needs in a school setting.Conclusions: Speech-Language Pathologists in the school can take a leadership role with taking care of children after a traumatic brain injury and coordination of medical and educational information.
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Karlsudd, Peter. "SCHOOL-AGE CARE, AN IDEOLOGICAL CONTRADICTION." Problems of Education in the 21st Century 48, no. 1 (November 20, 2012): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/pec/12.48.45.

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In the doctoral dissertation "Children with intellectual disability in the integrated school-age care system" the extent and goal fulfilment of after-school recreation centre activities in 19 Swedish municipalities were studied. The study gave high marks to these centres for integrating intellectually disabled children into their activities. The empirics of the dissertation revealed, however, a number of warning signals, which indicated an increase in offering “special solutions” to these children. This article will contain a comparison between the study from 1999 and the one carried out in the spring of 2011. The two studies have followed the same question construction in order to achieve a comparison over time. The aim of study, focusing on children received into schools for the intellectually disabled was to evaluate to what extent integrated activities occurred and to look for factors with a positive impact on the quality of those after-school activities which gathered children from these and compulsory schools in the same groups. On the basis of the comparison made between the 12 years that have passed from the earlier to the later study, it must be regretfully concluded that segregated activities have gained a firm hold on the activities of after-school recreation care centres. Key words: after-school activities, inclusion, integrated, intellectual disability, school-age care system.
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Felfe, Christina, Michael Lechner, and Petra Thiemann. "After-school care and parents' labor supply." Labour Economics 42 (October 2016): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2016.06.009.

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Karlsson, Marie, Satu Perälä-Littunen, Marja Leena Böök, and Annica Löfdahl Hultman. "Making Sense of After-School Care Dilemmas in Mothers' Stories of After-School Care in Finland and Sweden." Children & Society 30, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/chso.12110.

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Posner, Jill K., and Deborah Lowe Vandell. "Low-Income Children's After-School Care: Are There Beneficial Effects of After-School Programs?" Child Development 65, no. 2 (April 1994): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1131395.

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Simoncini, Kym, Nerina Caltabiano, and Michelle Lasen. "Young School-Aged Children's Behaviour and their Care Arrangements after School." Australasian Journal of Early Childhood 37, no. 1 (March 2012): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/183693911203700113.

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Lissau, I., and J. Poùlsen. "Nutrition policy, food and drinks at school and after school care." International Journal of Obesity 29, S2 (September 2005): S58—S61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0803101.

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Das, Lala Tanmoy. "After School Anatomy Lesson." Chest 153, no. 4 (April 2018): 1068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2017.10.028.

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Felfe, Christina, and Larissa Zierow. "After-School Center-Based Care and Children’s Development." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 1299–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0131.

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Abstract What is the impact of after-school center-based care on the development of primary school-aged children? Answering this question is challenging due to non-random selection of children into after-school center-based care. We tackle this challenge using detailed data of the German Child Panel and employing a value-added method. While we do not find significant effects on average, our analysis provides evidence for beneficial returns to after-school center-based care attendance for more disadvantaged children. To be more precise, children of less educated mothers and low-income families benefit from attending after-school care centers in terms of their socio-behavioral development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "After School Care"

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Glyde, Jo, and n/a. "Beyond baby sitting : a study of after school care services in the ACT from the perspective of care providers." University of Canberra. Teacher Education, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060712.100543.

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The increased demand for Out of School Hours Care (OSHC) has been linked to changes that have occurred in the family structure and work habits. OSHC programs operating on school sites under the management of a committee of parents and school representatives provide parents with one option to meet the needs for care of primary age children. This study examined the issue of OSHC from the perspectives of workers involved in the provision of services in government school sites in the ACT. Data were gathered by way of semi-structured interviews with nineteen coordinators from sixteen After School Care (ASC) centres. The data were analysed to find similarities in the experiences of workers interviewed. Extracts from the interviews are presented in the findings to illustrate the perceptions care givers have about their work and areas where changes can be made to improve the quality of ASC services. The study provides information on the factors affecting the provision of quality services and suggests possible directions for future planning and research in this area. The findings indicate that the care givers interviewed perceived their role as a positive influence in the lives of children and families. Care givers sought to provide relaxed environments for children after the school day. Many centres operated with the strong support of parents, schools and management committees. The findings suggest that ASC centres can and do operate successfully on school sites in the ACT and that care givers were generally happy with the level of service provided. However, variability in the facilities and support provided to centres was noted. The study concludes that real improvement to the quality of programs and support of workers is dependent on the introduction of nationally recognised standards in the provision of ASC.
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Tannenbaum, Sally. "An analysis of an after-school service-learning program for elementary school children /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--University of California, Davis, 2002.
Degree granted in Educational Leadership. Joint doctoral program with California State University, Fresno. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web. (Restricted to UC campuses).
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Huh, Cheong Rhie. "After-school programs in Koreatown, Los Angeles, California." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=813763171&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Bakir, Hasibe Ozlen. "The Relationship Of After School Care Arrangement, Maternal Work Status, And After School Activity Type With Loneliness And Social Dissatisfaction Of Elementary School Students." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12609300/index.pdf.

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The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of loneliness and social dissatisfaction among third, fourth and fifth grade elementary school students considering three variables: maternal work status, after school care arrangement type, and after school activities. The sample of the study consisted of 732 (third, fourth and fifth grade) elementary school students in three public elementary schools in Ankara. In the present study Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Scale (Asher &
Wheeler, 1985) and the information form was used. The information form included questions about gender, age, sibling status, after school care arrangement, maternal work status, people/ place they spend their after school time, and activity types done after school. The results of analysis of variance showed that there is no significant difference in loneliness and social dissatisfaction level of students depending on their after school care arrangement types as relative care, non relative care, sibling/self care, and center care. Moreover, no significant difference was found among loneliness and social dissatisfaction level of students who have working mothers and stay-at-home mothers. Additionally, analysis of the activity types students are involved after school, namely, active, passive and adult supervised/preprogrammed activities, revealed no significant difference in terms of loneliness and social dissatisfaction level. Independent from the analysis done, gender or age differences of students were examined considering their loneliness and social dissatisfaction level. However, no differences were found among the groups.
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Larsson, Maria. "Samverkan mellan fritidshemmet och skolan : En studie om hur fritidspersonal upplever att samverkan mellan fritidshemmet och skolan ser ut." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29992.

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Syftet med ubdersökningen är att ta reda på hur mycket och på vilket sätt fritidspersonalen samverkar med lärarna. I uppsatsen kommer samarbetet mellan skola och fritids belysas. Det kommer undersökas om och vad som fungerar bra men även ta upp problematiken som finns kring samverkan.
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Korsbäck, Maria. "Hur skapar vi en fungerande samverkan mellan skola och fritidshem? : Tre olika modeller för samverkan." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Lärarutbildningen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30008.

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How do we create a successful collaboration between school and after-school care? – Three different models of collaboration The present study aims to investigate the different models of collaboration between schools and after-school care centers. The impetus for this study was my impression that the collaboration is not successful everywhere and I wanted to provide examples of models that are effective. The study is focused on presenting the advantages and disadvantages of various collaborative models, and consists of qualitative interviews with both teachers and after-school care providers. The material has been analyzed from a sociocultural as well as interactionist perspective. The study revealed that the different models work well, but they also struggle with the issue of finding time for joint planning between the different professional groups and occasionally even with the division of roles among the educators. It is my assessment as well that the collaboration in the examined schools works well because the educators at these schools showed great respect for each other’s different competencies. My conclusion is that the success of a collaborative model to a large extent depends on the attitudes of the educators with regard to respecting each other’s professional competence, as well as having a genuine interest in and commitment to developing an effective collaboration.
Syftet med föreliggande studie var att studera olika samverkansmodeller mellan skola och fritidshem. Utgångspunkten var min uppfattning att samverkan inte fungerar överallt och jag ville ge exempel på fungerande modeller. Studien är inriktad mot att förmedla för -och nackdelar med olika samverkansmodeller. Studien består av kvalitativa intervjuer med både lärare och fritidshemspedagoger. Materialet har analyserats utifrån både ett sociokulturellt och ett interaktionellt perspektiv. De slutsatser som studien lägger fram är att de olika modellerna fungerar väl, men att de även dras med problemet att få tid till gemensamma planeringar mellan de olika yrkesgrupperna och ibland även rollfördelningen mellan pedagogerna. Min tolkning är också att samverkan på de undersökta skolorna fungerar väl för att pedagogerna på de undersökta skolorna visade stor respekt för varandras olika kompetenser. Min slutsats blir att en fungerande samverkansmodell till stor del hänger på pedagogers inställningar vad det gäller att respektera varandras yrkeskompetenser, samt att ha ett genuint intresse och engagemang för att utveckla en fungerande samverkan.
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Mack, Darlene J. "Student Perception of Safety and Positive School Climate After Trauma Informed Care Professional Development." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1573747578906961.

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Andersson, Dennis, and Otto Svanberg. "Fritidshem : Vårdnadshavarens uppfattningar om fritidsverksamheten." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för bibliotek, information, pedagogik och IT, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-12470.

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År 2016 kom den nya reviderade läroplanen, där Skolverket beskriver de målen som finns för fritidshemmet. Det har därmed blivit mer tydligt vad fritidshemmet ska arbeta med under fritidsverksamheten. I studien är vi intresserade av följande frågor.Vilka uppfattningar har vårdnadshavarna om fritidsverksamheten?Vilken roll anser vårdnadshavarna att läraren i fritidshem har?Hur uppfattar vårdnadshavarna samspelet mellan fritidslärare och vårdnadshavare?Vilka uppfattningar har vårdnadshavarna när det gäller lärande på fritidshem?I studien har kvalitativ metod använts med intervjuer. Åtta vårdnadshavare med elever på två olika fritidshem deltar i studien. I resultatet framgår det att vårdnadshavarna har olika uppfattningar om fritidshemmets verksamhet. Den uppfattning som dominerar bland vårdnadshavarna är att fritidshemsverksamheten är en plats där deras barn kan få passning och utöva fri lek. Vårdnadshavarna efterfrågar mer information av lärarna om fritidshemmets uppdrag och hur de arbetar med eleverna för att få mer insyn och kunna påverka verksamheten. Därmed anser vissa vårdnadshavare att fritidslärarna måste bli bättre på att informera om verksamheten, för att öka vårdnadshavarnas insyn och påverkan.
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Parks, Krystyn. "Nutrition and physical activity curriculum for before and after school daycares." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1528021.

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The purpose of this project is to create fun and educational lesson plans for before and after school childcare providers of children in kindergarten through fifth grade. The lesson plan will incorporate aspects of physical activity and nutrition into the basic curriculum for this age group. The nutrition and physical activity curriculum contains four themed weekly lessons. Each lesson incorporates a nutrition discussion, an activity related to the discussion, and one group game. The lessons and activities were designed to incorporate minimal materials so that any facility could easily incorporate them. A committee of nutrition professionals and educators reviewed the curriculum and improvements were made based on their recommendations.

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Koeller, Katherine Ann. "The effects of after-school supervision on physical fitness levels in children." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834624.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of adult after-school supervision and the number of parents living at home on health-related fitness levels. Participants for the study were approximately 250 boys and girls in grades three, four and five from Selma Elementary School. The AAHPERD Physical Best Test (1988) was used to assess health-related fitness. This test measured the following components: a) flexibility (sit-and-reach test), b) cardiovascular endurance (timed run/walk test), c) body composition (sum of triceps and calf skinfolds) and d) muscular strength/endurance (timed sit-ups). A questionnaire and consent form were sent home to the parents of all participants. The questionnaire asked the child's name, grade, gender, number of parents/guardians living at home, and who supervises the child after-school. Each third-, fourth- and fifth-grade class completed two days of testing during physical education class time. The mile run/walk was administered on the first day. The second day consisted of three stations: 1) sit-and-reach, 2) skinfold assessment and 3) timed sit-ups. A 2 X 2 MANOVA was used to analyze the data. There was no significant difference between children with after-school supervision and those without after-school supervision. There was also no significant difference between children from one-parent families and children from two-parent families. However, there was a significant interaction between the number of parents and whether or not there was supervision [F(4, 109)= 4.23, p= .003]. An examination of the accompanying univariate Ftests showed that this interaction was mainly due to the difference on the variable sit-ups [F(1, 1 12)= 4.94, p= .028]. A post-hoc simple effects analysis of variance for one-parent families showed that the mean value for sit-ups for children without after-school supervision (x= 39.75) [F= 1, 112)= 5.27, p= .024] was significantly greater than the mean value for situps for children with after-school supervision(x= 34.33). The analysis also showed for two-parent families that there was no difference in the mean number of sit-ups between children with supervision (x= 35.94) [F(1, 112)= .36, p=.549] and those without supervision (x= 34.94).
Institute for Wellness
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Books on the topic "After School Care"

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Nelson, May. After school. New York, N.Y: Scholastic, 2007.

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Education, Connecticut State Department of. An after-school report. Hartford: State of Connecticut, State Board of Education, 2004.

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Bruno, Rosalind R. After-school care of school-age children: December 1984. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987.

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Bruno, Rosalind R. After-school care of school-age children: December 1984. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987.

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Bruno, Rosalind R. After-school care of school-age children: December 1984. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987.

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Bruno, Rosalind R. After-school care of school-age children: December 1984. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987.

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United States. Bureau of the Census., ed. After-school care of school-age children: December 1984. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987.

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Bruno, Rosalind R. After-school care of school-age children: December 1984. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1987.

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A, Gork Mardi, ed. Activities for before & after school. Nashville, Tenn: Incentive Publications, 1991.

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Families, New York (State) Legislature Assembly Committee on Children &. Public hearing--after-school programs. Mineola, N.Y. (200 Old Country Rd., Suite 620, Mineola 11501): En-De Reporting Services, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "After School Care"

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Vered, Karen Orr. "Informal Learning and Media in After-School Care." In Children and Media Outside the Home, 5–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230583979_2.

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Quarmby, Thomas, Rachel Sandford, and Oliver Hooper. "Care-experienced youth and before- and after-school physical activity." In Before- and After-School Physical Activity Programs, 118–28. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge studies in physical education and youth sport: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003051909-10.

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Feijo, Isabelle, Steve Hoare, Amanda Scali, and Jennifer Shumack. "Learning Centre and School Reintegration." In Longer-Term Psychiatric Inpatient Care for Adolescents, 61–68. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1950-3_7.

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AbstractThe Learning Centre is an important part of the Walker Unit Program as it provides structure to the day and helps the young person to regain confidence in their cognitive ability after often a long absence in education and learning, and it supports the young person in the transition to an appropriate educational setting after discharge.
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Williamson, Edwin, Walter E. Wilson, Kayla Pope, and Catherine Fuchs. "What’s Next After High School: Exploring Options Through Identification of Individual Strengths and Needs." In Transition-Age Youth Mental Health Care, 345–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62113-1_17.

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Hollweck, Sezen, and Stefan Schwarzer. "Chapter 9. Fostering Scientific Literacy with the Language of Science in the Production of a Nano-based After-sun Care Product in an Extracurricular Setting: A CLIL Approach in a Science Lab for School Students." In Engaging Learners with Chemistry, 154–91. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781788016087-00154.

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Paraide, Patricia, Kay Owens, Charly Muke, Philip Clarkson, and Christopher Owens. "Before and After Independence: Community Schools, Secondary Schools and Tertiary Education, and Making Curricula Our Way." In Mathematics Education in a Neocolonial Country: The Case of Papua New Guinea, 119–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90994-9_5.

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Blau, David, and Janet Currie. "Chapter 20 Pre-School, Day Care, and After-School Care: Who's Minding the Kids?" In Handbook of the Economics of Education, 1163–278. Elsevier, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1574-0692(06)02020-4.

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Minney, Dana. "Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) Assessment in After-School Care." In Leading Schools With Social, Emotional, and Academic Development (SEAD), 202–30. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6728-9.ch011.

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An abundance of research links children's social-emotional competence with positive school and life outcomes, but many barriers to widespread, high quality social-emotional learning (SEL) exist. Studies also found SEL delivered consistently and in coordination with other programs, both in and out of school, is more effective, but lack of unified standards, a supportive framework, and systematic approach prevent consistency and coordination of delivery. Process monitoring and impact evaluation help overcome barriers and improve implementation. After-school programs provide opportunities for quality SEL delivery and evaluation. This chapter reports results of an evaluation comparing pre- and post-program survey data from elementary school children (n = 98) in an after-school program that has incorporated an SEL curriculum. Results showed significant increases in the SEL competencies of self-management, social awareness, and social skills. The author also explored advantages of providing both SEL instruction and low-cost evaluation in after-school care settings in addition to schools.
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Toft, Marilyn. "Linking health with education priorities through the National Healthy School Standard (NHSS)." In Looking after Children in Primary Care, 65–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315376486-7.

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Norrie, Kenneth McK. "Institutional Care." In A History of Scottish Child Protection Law, 232–79. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474444170.003.0009.

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This chapter explores the development and increasing regulation of the institutional care of children removed from their families by the state. The growth of reformatory and industrial schools in the 19th century is dealt with, as are the reasons why these two types of school were never truly separate in Scotland. Their formal amalgamation into “approved schools” in 1932 is examined, as is the regulatory structures that evolved to ensure their appropriate running, including their registration, the managers, and the rules for discipline and corporal punishment. The regulation of children’s homes, originally run by charitable endeavours (voluntary organisations) and after 1948 increasingly by local authorities, is also covered. Various official reports reimagining the purpose of institutional care are examined in some detail, in particular the Kearney Report, as are the regulatory rules that developed from these reports. Finally, the development of “secure accommodation”, that is to say, locked accommodation, is described, with the regulatory framework governing the running of secure accommodation within institutional care of children.
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Conference papers on the topic "After School Care"

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Thomas, Philippe. "Narrative therapeutic approach in the care for patients with dementia and psychosis." In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.17.

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Dementia and psychosis can arise from a trauma in patients’ life history. Behavioral difficulties of the afflicted individual can lead to bad memories triggered by an event or an encounter. Attempts to bring such patients back to reality can destroy their awareness of the self and the world. A narrative therapeutic approach can help them reconstruct their life story and enhance their sense of wellbeing. With dementia, it is necessary to open the book of the afflicted individual’s life at the right page in order to help them get back to reading it in the present. With psychosis, stories must be detached from the personal life history and from reality. An empathetic therapist allows the patient to bypass the obstacles to link their fictional and real life and to recover the necessary minimum of self.awareness.
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Rendić, Tjaša, Andrej Kovačič, and Andrej Raspor. "JUGGLING WORK AND PRIVATE LIFE IN TELEWORKING DURING THE EPIDEMIC COVID-19." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.125.

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In 2020, the world was hit by the Covid-19 epidemic and the countries made different decisions on when and how to adopt adequate measures. One of them was teleworking; many people stayed at home where they worked and at the same time took care of their family members and assisted their school-age children. After one month of working from home, the respondents assessed that their family members had a better understanding of the concept of working from home. Besides, the respondents were more organised for this type of work and took care of their school-age children. The fear of losing their job has also reduced, but they were more concerned about salary cuts. The selection of findings and measures could become a guide for employees in order to help them balance private life and work and thus manage stress when working from home.
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"Mobile Devices and Parenting [Extended Abstract]." In InSITE 2018: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: La Verne California. Informing Science Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3981.

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Aim/Purpose: This presentation will discuss how mobile devices are used to keep children busy and entertained during child care activities. Mobile devices are considered the 21st “Century Nanny” since parents and caregivers use those tools to engage children’s attention for indefinite periods of time. Research background on touch screen devices and children’s age groups are presented to map age to screen activities and the type of device used. The literature is then compared to a small sample of 45 students attending Pasitos, a pre-k and 1st and 2nd grade school in El Salvador, and the type of mobile devices they used after school. Background: The wide adoption of mobile devices to keep children busy and entertained is a growing concern and a cause for passionate debates. Methodology: This study considered two types of research to compare findings. One study was gathered from the literature to demonstrate how children use mobile devices, apps, and video genres based on age groups. The second study looked at 45 children attending Pasitos and the type of mobile devices they used during child care time at home. Pasitos is a pre-k and 1st and 2nd grade school in El Salvador. Contribution: Identify the type of mobile devices mostly used by children during child care activities. Findings: (1) Touchscreens are the most intuitive interfaces for young children; (2) children’s use of technology can strengthen the relationships between home and school; and (3) mobile apps consider children’s emotions, learning activities, and interaction in the development and design. Recommendations for Practitioners: Touchscreens are the most intuitive interfaces for young children, and adult supervision enhances the children's experience. Recommendation for Researchers: Mobile apps for design and development must consider children’s emotions, learning activities, and interaction. Impact on Society: Children’s use of technology can strengthen the relationships between home and school. Future Research: Few studies have researched the impact of young children’s cognitive and social development with the use of mobile apps.
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Marfu’ah, Siti, Irfana Tri Wijayanti, and Ana Rofika. "Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Performance of Midwives in Integrated Antenatal Care Service in Pati, Central Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.30.

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ABSTRACT Background: In 2017, nearly 295,000 women died during and after pregnancy and childbirth. In low-resource situations, the vast majority of maternal death (94%) occurred, and most could have been avoided. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the performance of midwives in integrated antenatal care service in Pati, Central Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at 26 integrated health posts (posbindu) in Pati, Central Java. A sample of 130 midwives randomly was selected for this study. The dependent variable was work performance of midwives. The independent variables at level 1 were age, employment status, workload, working time, leadership perception, and healthcare facility. The independent variable at level 2 was posbindu. The data were collected using questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multilevel linear regression. Results: Work performance of midwives increased with working time (OR= 0.19; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.33; p= 0.012) and healthcare facility (OR= 0.26; 95% CI= -0.77 to 1.31; p = 0.610). Work performance of midwives decreased with age (b= -0.07; 95% CI= -0.05 to 0.13; p= 0.100), employment status (b= -0.87; 95% CI= -1.89 to 0.15; p= 0.096), workload (b= -0.22; 95% CI= -0.45 to 0.01; p= 0.058), leadership perception (b= -0.002; 95% CI= -0.08 to 0.07; p= 0.949). Posbindu had strong contextual effect on work performance of midwives with ICC= 8.60%. Conclusion: Work performance of midwives increases with working time and decreases with employment status and workload. The work performance associated with age, healthcare facility, and leadership perception, but it is statistically non-significant. Posbindu has strong contextual effect on integrated antenatal care (ANC) performance of midwives. Keywords: performance of midwives, contextual effect, antenatal care Correspondence: Siti Marfu’ah. School of Health Sciences Bakti Utama, Pati, Central Java. Email: marfuah@stikesbup.ac.id. Mobile: +6285729885380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.30
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MenezesPaes Rodrigues, Gabriel, and Nilo Terra Arêas Neto. "Os efeitos da aprendizagem da esgrima sobre o controle executivo da memória." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212410.

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Treated as one of the biggest challenges in the Brazilian educational system, school failure, despite being multi-causal, is closely linked to learning difficulties associated with aspects of cognition, with special attention to the Executive Control of Memory, which in this study will be represented by the variables: Working Memory (MT), Concentrated Attention (AC) and Motor Reaction Time (TRM). Under neuropsychological aspects, the executive control of memory comprises closely linked phenomena and mechanisms and learning, such as: cognitive flexibility, decision making, attention mechanisms, inhibitory control, selection and integration of current information with information already memorized, in addition to planning and monitoring their own learning and performance. This form of cognitive ability is defined by renowned researchers in the “field” as being preponderant to human learning and performance. Dysfunctions in the executive control of memory are commonly a reflection of innate or non-innate psychopathological issues, may be associated with other comorbidities, and are determinants of school failure in a significant number of Brazilian students. Thus, the main objective of this research project is to verify the impact of the practice of the fighting modality Fencing on the executive control of the memory of students from the public school system, participants of this action research, included in psychopedagogical care for issues related to learning difficulties cognitive. The Field Research technique will be used in this study, with the process of testing the variables under study in moments before and after the intervention with fencing classes. The data obtained in the testing process will be treated in a descriptive statistical perspective. For the inference of the data obtained, the Student T Test for dependent samples will be used. To verify the distribution of data, the Shapiro-Wilk test will be used. As a result, research participants are expected to obtain statistically significant results in the studied variables.
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Afiyanti, Abdika Dwi, M. Gandul Atik Yuliani, and Didik Handijatno. "Leukocyte Count and Differential Leukocyte Count of Carp (Cyprinus carpio Linn) after Infected by Aeromonas salmonicida." In 2nd International Conference Postgraduate School. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007546705450549.

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Halpern-Chalom, Marina. "Identifying twice-exceptionality — a case study of a gifted child with ADHD." In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.3.

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The article focuses on a case study of a gifted child with ADHD to illustrate the condition of twice.exceptionality — an association between giftedness and disability. This case study aims to shed light on this condi tion, and to highlight the importance of identifying and considering both exceptionalities in a remediation program.
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Anauate, Carla. "Remediation in ADHD." In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.1.

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This paper discusses techniques of remediation used in a practical study case of an ADHD child. The major focus of this process is to enhance the development of underdeveloped functions and its main objective is to create, together with the patient, effective work methods, which would be meaningful to the child and would a part of his or her experiences in life. The paper considers the case of a 7.year.old boy suspected of having ADHD and provides his pre.and post.neuropsychological evaluation data. The 6.month intervention process brought some significant results as the evaluation showed the development of several superior mental functions and the initial hypothesis of ADHD was refuted. Thus, the remediation process which involved an adult that respected the level of the child’s development and included meaningful activities within an affective impact enhanced the child’s development.
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Solovieva, Yulia, and Luis Quintanar. "Qualitative neuropsychological assessment of children." In 2nd International Neuropsychological Summer School named after A. R. Luria “The World After the Pandemic: Challenges and Prospects for Neuroscience”. Ural University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3073-7.7.

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Qualitative assessment is an essential method of clinical neuropsychology. According to conceptual bases of historical and cultural neuropsychology, qualitative assessment should include analysis of the neuropsychological syndrome in each particular case. The paper presents the method for qualitative neuropsychological assessment created for children in Mexico for Spanish.speaking population aged 5–12 with the help of the Scheme for “Brief Neuropsychological Assessment for Children”. The structure and the ways for analysis of clinical data are included. The conclusions mention the possible applications of this instrument.
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Safitri, Lina Eta. "Evaluation the Implementation of Trias of School Health Center Program at Giwangan Elementary School, Yogyakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.52.

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ABSTRACT Background: After families, school plays an important role in taking account of children’s health at elementary school. This is because students spend a lot of time at schools and often encountered various health problems. Studies have shown that School Health Based Centre are particularly suited to meet the children needs for proper health services. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of trias of school health center program (UKS) at Giwangan elementary school, Yogyakarta. Subjects and Method: This was a qualitative study with case study approach. The study was conducted at Giwangan elementary school, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, in May 2018. The key informants were supervisor and head of UKS. The informants were selected by purposive sampling. The data were collected by in-depth interview, observation, and study document. Results: Input evaluation showed that facilities and infrastructure in the school health center were not optimally available. Evaluation process found that there were some obstacles faced by school health center in providing health education in students. Output evaluation showed that there was lack of personnel to implement school health center service. There has never been a little doctor training for students. Conclusion: There is a need to improve facilities and number of personnel in school health center. Keywords: school health center program, evaluation Correspondence: Lina Eta Safitri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email:linaetasafitri_96@student.uns.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.52
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Reports on the topic "After School Care"

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Oza, Shardul, and Jacobus Cilliers. What Did Children Do During School Closures? Insights from a Parent Survey in Tanzania. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2021/027.

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In this Insight Note, we report results of a phone survey that the RISE Tanzania Research team conducted with 2,240 parents (or alternate primary care-givers) of primary school children following the school closures in Tanzania. After the first case of COVID-19 was confirmed in Tanzania on 16 March 2020, the government ordered all primary schools closed the following day. Schools remained closed until 29 June 2020. Policymakers and other education stakeholders were concerned that the closures would lead to significant learning loss if children did not receive educational support or engagement at home. To help stem learning loss, the government promoted radio, TV, and internet-based learning content to parents of school-age children. The primary aims of the survey were to understand how children and families responded to the school closures, the education related activities they engaged in, and their strategies to send children back to school. The survey also measures households’ engagement with remote learning content over the period of school closures. We supplement the findings of the parent survey with insights from interviews with Ward Education Officers about their activities during the school closures. The survey sample is comprised of primary care-givers (in most cases, parents) of students enrolled in Grades 3 and 4 during the 2020 school year. The survey builds on an existing panel of students assessed in 2019 and 2020 in a nationally representative sample of schools.4 The parent surveys were conducted using Computer Assisted Telephonic Interviewing (CATI) over a two-week period in early September 2020, roughly two months after the re-opening of primary schools. We report the following key findings from this survey: *Almost all (more than 99 percent) of children in our sample were back in school two months after schools re-opened. The vast majority of parents believed it was either safe or extremely safe for their children to return to school. *Only 6 percent of households reported that their children listened to radio lessons during the school closures; and a similar fraction (5.5 percent) tuned into TV lessons over the same period. Less than 1 percent of those surveyed accessed educational programmes on the internet. Households with access to radio or TV reported higher usage. *Approximately 1 in 3 (36 percent) children worked on the family farm during the closures, with most children working either 2 or 3 days a week. Male children were 6.2 percentage points likelier to work on the family farm than female children. *Households have limited access to education materials for their child. While more than 9 out of 10 households have an exercise book, far fewer had access to textbooks (35 percent) or own reading books (31 percent). *One in four parents (24 percent) read a book to their child in the last week.
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Viollaz, Mariana, Mauricio Salazar-Saenz, Luca Flabbi, Monserrat Bustelo, and Mariano Bosch. The COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin American and Caribbean countries: The Labor Supply Impact by Gender. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004490.

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We study the labor supply impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by gender in four Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries: Brazil, Chile, Dominican Republic, and Mexico. To identify the impact, we compare labor market stocks and labor market flows over four quarters for a set of balanced panel samples of comparable workers before and after the pandemic. We find that the pandemic has negatively affected the labor market status of both men and women, but that the effect is significantly stronger for women, magnifying the already large gender gaps that characterize LAC countries. The main channel through which this stronger impact is taking place is the increase in child care work affecting women with school-age children.
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Lichand, Guilherme, Carlos Alberto Dória, João Cossi, and Onicio Leal Neto. Open configuration options Reopening schools in the pandemic did not increase COVID-19 cases or deaths in São Paulo State, Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004044.

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Question: Does reopening schools in the pandemic increase COVID-19 incidence and mortality? Findings: On average, there was no systematic association between school reopening and COVID-19 incidence or mortality in So Paulo State, up to 12 weeks after reopening. This was also the case for schools in most vulnerable conditions. Aggregate mobility was already high before the school reopening and did not significantly increase afterwards. Meaning: Results imply that reopening schools under appropriate protocols in developing countries during the pandemic is unlikely to affect the aggregate number of cases or deaths when counterfactual mobility is already high.
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Shugerman, Susan. A Case Study of After-School Activities in one School that is Making Progress in Closing the Achievement Gap. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1111.

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Araya, Mesele, Pauline Rose, Ricardo Sabates, Dawit Tibebu Tiruneh, and Tassew Woldehanna. Learning Losses during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ethiopia: Comparing Student Achievement in Early Primary Grades before School Closures, and After They Reopened. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-ri_2022/049.

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The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education sector in unprecedented ways. As with many other countries around the world, the Ethiopian government closed schools following the first identified case in the capital city, Addis Ababa, on the 16th of March 2020. Across the country, these closures resulted in more than 26 million learners staying at home for almost eight months (UNESCO, 2021). In addition to this hiatus in their education, pupils were promoted automatically to the next grade with only 45 days of catch-up classes (Ministry of Education, 2020). In other words, those attending a specific school grade in March 2020 were then promoted to the next grade when school resumed in October 2020. For a significant proportion of Ethiopian pupils, learning during school closures was extremely limited despite the government’s efforts to create educational programmes via national television and radio stations (Kim et al., 2021a; Yorke et al., 2020). School closures, combined with barriers to accessing remote educational resources, meant potential learning losses for a significant number of pupils. Several studies have already indicated that COVID-19 resulted in learning losses, especially among the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. A study in Indonesia found that pupils lost 11 points on the PISA3 reading scale due to the four-month school closure from March to July 2020 (Yarrow, Masood & Afkar, 2020). It was also estimated that Grade 4 pupils in South Africa experienced losses equivalent to more than 60 percent of an academic year (Ardington, Wills & Kotze, 2021), while pupils in the UK lost a third of their expected learning during pandemic-related school closures (Major, Eyles & Machin, 2021). It is anticipated that school closures in Ethiopia could similarly result in learning losses and challenges for pupils to catch up with their learning, particularly for those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Our related emerging findings in Ethiopia have indicated that school closures exacerbated pre-existing inequalities in education, where progress was much lower for rural students compared to those in urban areas who were tracked from Grade 4 to Grade 6 (Kim et al., 2021b; Bayley et al., 2021). Building on this work in Ethiopia, this Insight Note provides a new perspective on numeracy achievements of Grade 1 and Grade 4 pupils by comparing learning at the start of each academic year and the gains over the course of the year across two academic years: 2018-19 and 2020-21. During the 2018-19 academic year, the Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE) Ethiopia programme collected data on students’ numeracy achievement from 168 schools. After schools reopened in October 2020, and with additional support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, data on students’ numeracy achievements were collected for two new cohorts of pupils in Grades 1 and 4 in the same schools using the same instruments. This has enabled us to compare learning patterns between two cohorts in the same grades and schools before and during the pandemic. More specifically, in this Insight Note, we aim to: -Compare foundational numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 1 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those in 2018-19. -Compare progress in foundational numeracy for Grade 1 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to that seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Compare numeracy levels of pupils entering Grade 4 in the 2020-21 academic year relative to those entering the same grade in 2018-19. -Compare progress in numeracy for Grade 4 pupils over the course of the 2020-21 academic year relative to the progress seen during the 2018-19 academic year. -Estimate the magnitude of learning loss attributable to the pandemic by calculating the difference in numeracy levels and progress between the two cohorts.
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McGee, Steven, Lucia Dettori, and Andrew Rasmussen. Impact of the CPS Computer Science Graduation Policy on Student Access and Outcomes. The Learning Partnership, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/report.2022.4.

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The Chicago Public Schools (CPS) leads the nation in computer science education. Each year 14,000 Chicago Public Schools students graduate with at least one year of computer science. This is the result of a graduation requirement that CPS enacted in 2016. The foundational course that most students completed to fulfill the requirement is Exploring Computer Science (ECS). This evaluation of the impact of the graduation requirement was framed around the CAPE framework. To ensure that a district supports equal outcomes in computer science, they need to develop Capacity for schools to offer computer science, increase Access to computer science, ensure equal Participation, and then examine how computer science Experiences lead to equal outcomes. The analysis was conducted through a CME-funded summer fellowship program, which included advanced graduate students and early career researchers. They found the following results. The ECS professional development program supported a rapid expansion of school Capacity after the enactment of the graduation requirement. At the time the graduation requirement was enacted, roughly half of the schools did not offer any computer science and 2/3 did not have sufficient capacity to support computer science for all students. Larger schools with fewer low-income students and a strong college going climate were more likely to offer computer science just before the enactment of the graduation requirement. Access to computer science expanded significantly after the computer science graduation requirement. Participation in computer science significantly increased across all demographic groups after the graduation requirement. By the time the 2nd cohort graduated after the requirement, the demographics of students taking computer science matched the demographics of the district. Students’ Experiences with ECS led to equivalent course performance between students taking ECS before and after the enactment of the graduation requirement. The number of students pursuing computer science pathways in CPS doubled after the enactment of the graduation requirement.
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Mahat, Marian, Vivienne Awad, Christopher Bradbeer, Chengxin Guo, Wesley Imms, and Julia Morris. Furniture for Engagement. University of Melbourne, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124374.

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The aim of the study was to explore the impact of furniture and spatial settings on teachers and students. Drawing on a case study action research approach involving surveys, two primary schools (Frangipani and Jasmine Primary School) within the Sydney Catholic Schools were involved as case study sites. This report provides a summary of the findings of the impact of furniture and spatial settings on teacher efficacy, teacher mind frames, student learning and student engagement as well as perceptions of students on the furniture and spatial settings. In summary, teachers’ perceptions of their mind frames, student learning and engagement increased after the introduction of furniture in the prototype learning environment. For one teacher, the perception of their efficacy did not improve after the implementation of the prototype space and furniture. In terms of students’ perceptions of the furniture, a large proportion of students agreed that they enjoyed learning and are more motivated to learn because of the new furniture. At Jasmine Primary School, a fifth of students felt that they were not motivated to learn because of the new furniture. Further in-depth study is required to find out the underlying reasons for this. Key themes that emerged from the qualitative data on the furniture and spatial settings focus on characteristics of furniture that afforded comfort, improved concentration and auditory qualities, supported collaboration, and capacity for choice. These are important considerations to drive decisions in school designs and furniture purchases. The importance of good furniture in a learning space cannot be underestimated. New learning environments and furniture demand and create new possibilities for teacher practices and student learning. The findings of the study, whilst limited in its scale, provides three crucial considerations relating to the importance of prototyping, professional learning and longitudinal data. These carry ramifications for wider understanding and future research. Future inquiry in these three key areas can provide the much-needed evidence to support schools’ transition into new learning environments.
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Durik, Amanda, Steven McGee, Edward Hansen, and Jennifer Duck. Comparing Middle School Students’ Responses to Narrative Versus Expository Texts on Situational and Individual Interest. The Learning Partnership, April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.51420/conf.2014.1.

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This project examined the effects of text genre on both situational and individual interest. Middle school students completed a three-session web-based learning module in the domain of ecology wherein they were randomly assigned to either narrative or expository readings that were matched on key idea units and other variables. Students reported individual interest in ecology on the day before and after their exposure to the module. Affective and cognitive situational interest was measured after the readings on each day of the module. The results showed that expository readings were perceived as more helpful for learning than were narrative readings, but this varied somewhat by initial individual interest. Although the narrative versions did not facilitate situational interest, there was a small effect on individual interest suggesting that learners exposed to narrative readings came to perceive the domain of ecology as a more meaningful discipline than did those exposed to expository readings.
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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.
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Abufhele, Alejandra, David Bravo, Florencia Lopez-Boo, and Pamela Soto-Ramirez. Developmental losses in young children from pre-primary program closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003920.

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The learning and developmental losses from pre-primary program closures due to COVID-19 may be unprecedented. These disruptions early in life, when the brain is more sensitive to environmental changes, can be long-lasting. Although there is evidence about the effects of school closures on older children, there is currently no evidence on such losses for children in their early years. This paper is among the first to quantify the actual impact of pandemic-related closures on child development, in this case for a sample of young children in Chile, where school and childcare closures lasted for about a year. We use a unique dataset collected face-to-face in December 2020, which includes child development indicators for general development, language development, social-emotional development, and executive function. We are able to use a first difference strategy because Chile has a history of collecting longitudinal data on children as part of their national social policies monitoring strategy. This allows us to construct a valid comparison group from the 2017 longitudinal data. We find adverse impacts on children in 2020 compared to children interviewed in 2017 in most development areas. In particular, nine months after the start of the pandemic, we find a loss in language development of 0.25 SDs. This is equivalent to the impact on a childs language development of having a mother with approximately five years less education. Timely policies are needed to mitigate these enormous losses.
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