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Widder, Keith R. "After the Conquest: Michilimackinac, a Borderland in Transition, 1760-1763." Michigan Historical Review 34, no. 1 (2008): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mhr.2008.0016.
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Baack, L. J. "A naturalist of the Northern Enlightenment: Peter Forsskål after 250 years." Archives of Natural History 40, no. 1 (April 2013): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2013.0132.
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Peter Forsskål (1732–1763) was the naturalist on the Royal Danish Expedition to Arabia (1761–1767), a particularly rich example of the eighteenth century era of scientific exploration and a quintessential project of the Enlightenment. Forsskål is noteworthy for his early writings in philosophy and politics and for his outstanding contributions to the botanical and zoological knowledge of the Middle East, specifically Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula, principally Yemen. His biological work stands out for the large number of species identified, its attention to detail, the expansiveness of his descriptions, his knowledge and use of Arabic and his early ideas on plant geography. Forsskål's research in the marine biology of the Red Sea was also pioneering. His publications and collections represent the single greatest contribution to the knowledge of the natural history of the Middle East in the eighteenth century and are still valued by scholars today. His skill in retaining local terminology in Arabic and his respect for the contributions of local inhabitants to this work are also worth noting. When he died of malaria in 1763 in Yemen, the eighteenth-century world of natural science lost a promising and adventurous scientist.
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Lukowski, Jerzy T. "Towards Partition: Polish Magnates and Russian Intervention in Poland During the Early Reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski." Historical Journal 28, no. 3 (September 1985): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00003307.
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In a report on the state of Poland in 1766 the papal nuncio, A. E. Visconti, observed that the new king, Stanisław August Poniatowski, possessed ‘a burning desire to reform the whole country in one day – if only he could – and the entire nation, in order to bring it up to the level of other, more advanced nations’. The interregnum after the death of Augustus III in October 1763 and Poniatowski's election in September 1764 had inaugurated the most determined campaign for reform within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth since the Union of Lublin of 1569. By 1763–4 there was little that did not need to be reformed. The accumulation of privilege by the szlachta, the nobility, had attained such dimensions that both the monarchy and the Sejm, the parliament, were almost powerless to govern. The most obvious expression of the impotence of the state and of the refusal of the nobility to submit to the discipline of any centralized authority was, of course, the liberum veto, the use of which, real or threatened, had consigned the majority of the Sejmy of Augustus II (1697–1733) and of Augustus III (1733–63) to nullity. Yet the veto's successful, widespread application was only possible because of a rough equilibrium of political strength between Poland's various magnate factions.After Augustus Ill's death, Russian military backing enabled the so-called ‘Family’, the party led by Michael Czartoryski (1696–1775) and his brother, August (1697–1782), to break through the stalemate. At the Convocation Sejm of 7 May to 23 June 1764, the Czartoryskis pushed through a series of unprecedented reforms aimed at conferring on the monarchy and the Sejm a degree of real authority over the country at large.
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PANTALEONI, ROBERTO A., and LAURA LORU. "The spurious dragonfly: the intricate nomenclatural problems regarding the names Libelloides and libelluloides (Neuroptera Ascalaphidae et Myrmeleontidae)." Zootaxa 4387, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4387.3.7.
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Around 1970 Tjeder suggested two changes to the nomenclature of the Ascalaphidae regarding the names Libelloides and libelluloides. To avoid future confusion, we augment Tjeder’s work by analyzing the nomenclatural status of all taxa related to these names—specifically Libelloides Schäffer, 1763 and Libelloides coccajus ([Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775), Ascalaphidae, and Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), Myrmeleontidae. After a short historical preamble, we treat the three taxa in chronological order of description. Additional information is reported in four Addenda, followed by a list of synonymies. Our conclusions are as follows: 1. Schäffer’s Das Zwiefalter– oder Afterjüngferchen (1763) is consistent with the Principle of Binomial Nomenclature, thus the names Libelloides and Libellula spuria, therein created, are available [ICZN Code Article 11.4.1.]. 2. Libellula spuria Schäffer, 1763, is a senior synonym of Papilio coccajus [Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775; however, the older name Libellula spuria Schäffer, 1763, is a nomen oblitum with respect to the younger name Papilio coccajus [Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775, which therefore must be considered a nomen protectum [ICNZ Code Article 23.9.2: both Articles 23.9.2.1 and 23.9.2.2 apply]. 3. The name Hemerobius libelloides Linnaeus, 1764, is the correct original spelling [ICNZ Code Article 32.5.1 does not apply], but the subsequent spelling Myrmeleon libelluloides Linnaeus, 1767, even if an unjustified emendation [ICZN Code Article 33.2.1 and 33.2.3], is in prevailing usage and consequently: i) it is deemed to be a justified emendation, and ii) it is attributed to its original author and date [ICZN Code Article 33.2.3.1]. 4. Myrmeleon libelluloides Fuesslin, 1775, being a mere misidentification of the name Myrmeleon libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), is unavailable name [ICZN Code Article 49]. 5. Schäffer (1763) is not the author of the name Ascalaphus libelluloides: the authorship must be attributed to van der Weele with the date of description 5th January 1909. 6. Libellula turcica Petiver & Empson, 1767, in Ábrahám (2012), is an unavailable name. 7. The original spelling Myrmeleon kolywanense Laxmann, 1770, is the correct original spelling [ICNZ Code Article 32.5.1 does not apply], but the subsequent spelling Ascalaphus kolyvanensis Rambur, 1842, even if an unjustified emendation [ICZN Code Article 33.2.1 and 33.2.3], is in prevailing usage and consequently: i) it is deemed to be a justified emendation, and ii) it is attributed to its original author and date [ICZN Code Article 33.2.3.1]. 8. Fuesslin’s Verzeichniss der ihm bekannten schweizerischen Insekten (1775) was published between 24th February (date in the second part of the Preface [Vorrede]) and 12th May 1775 (Wyttenbach, 1775), so the date of publication is 12th May 1775 [ICZN Code Article 21.3].
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Smith, Catherine Delano, and Donald Hodson. "County Atlases of the British Isles Published after 1703. A Bibliography. Volume II Atlases Published 1743 to 1763 and Their Subsequent Editions." Geographical Journal 157, no. 1 (March 1991): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/635179.
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Jammeh, Saffie, Fiona Tavner, Roger Watson, Howard C. Thomas, and Peter Karayiannis. "Effect of basal core promoter and pre-core mutations on hepatitis B virus replication." Journal of General Virology 89, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83468-0.
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There are two hypotheses explaining a fulminant outcome after hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, both of which may be applicable at the same time: (i) basal core promoter (BCP) mutations increase viral replication, allowing rapid spread of the virus through the liver, and (ii) pre-core (pre-C) mutations abrogating hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) synthesis remove its tolerogenic effect, leading to a vigorous immune response. This study investigated the effect of these mutations on virus replication efficiency and HBeAg production. Substitutions A1762T/G1764A and T1753C, C1766T and T1768A in the BCP region, and G1896A and G1899A in the pre-C region, were examined either alone or in combination, using a common genetic background. Huh7 cells were transfected with these constructs and real-time PCR was used to quantify released virion-associated and intracellular HBV DNA, pregenomic RNA and pre-C mRNA. In addition, culture supernatants were tested for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HBeAg. The double BCP mutation (A1762T/G1764A) and the pre-C mutations (G1896A, G1899A), either alone or in combination, had no appreciable effect on the replication capacity of the virus. In contrast, clones with mutations at positions 1766/1768, 1762/1764/1766 and 1753/1762/1764 exhibited increased-replication phenotypes. HBeAg was undetectable in all cultures transfected with constructs bearing the G1896A stop-codon mutation, as expected. In contrast, constructs with additional mutations in the BCP region had appreciably lower levels of HBeAg expression than the wild type. Thus, core promoter mutations other than those at 1762/1764 appear to upregulate viral DNA replication and, at the same time, greatly reduce HBeAg production.
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Grigorkin, Vasily А. "European Financial Crisis of 1763." Economic History 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2023): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15507/2409-630x.060.019.202301.058-065.
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Introduction. The financial factor had its full effect during the next major pan-European conflict – the Seven Years’ War (1756–1763). The Seven Years’ War can be considered as the “zero” World War of the 18th century. Its fighting took place in all parts of the world and oceans known then. All the major Christian powers of that time were drawn into it. In terms of the level of militarization, this war surpassed all previous coalition wars. The financial crisis caused by the Seven Years’ War was also very different from the previous ones and had a pan-European effect. The purpose of the article is to study the causes of the financial crisis of 1763. Materials and Methods. Comparative-historical, chronological and genealogical research methods were used, the principles of objectivity and historicism were observed. Results. The crisis was led by the confidence of some banks and financial firms in a win-win business related to the supply of military operations. Discussion and Conclusion. After Frederick II began defacing coins, according to the Copernicus – Gresham law, degraded money is forced out of circulation by full-weight ones, so the German princes, who were neighbors of Prussia, were forced to voluntarily lower the silver content in their coins. There was nothing left but to start the debasing process. This leads to the financial crisis of 1763.
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Tantawy, Shady I., Natalia Timofeeva, Hitomi Fujiwara, Mariko Hatakeyama, Breana Herrera, Lizbeth Loza, Tokiko Asami, et al. "Characterization and Preclinical Evaluation of AS-1763, an Oral, Potent and Selective Noncovalent BTK Inhibitor, in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia." Blood 142, Supplement 1 (November 28, 2023): 1453. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-189659.
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Background: Covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitors (cBTKi) have transformed treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). These inhibitors bind to C481 residue in the kinase domain of BTK. This is also the site for the most common mutations rendering cells resistant to cBTKi. To circumvent this limitation of the cBTKi, non-covalent BTKi (ncBTKi) such as pirtobrutinib have been developed. Recently, non-C481 BTK mutations have been reported in patients with CLL at the time of disease progression during pirtobrutinib treatment. These observations underscore the need for ncBTKi that can target C481 as well as non-C481 mutations of BTK. AS-1763 is a potent, highly selective, orally available, and ncBTKi, equipotent against both wild-type and C481S-mutated BTK when tested in biochemical assays. In vivo, AS-1763 demonstrated significant antitumor effects in OCI-LY10 tumor xenograft models harboring wild-type or C481S mutant BTK (Kawahata et al. J Med Chem 64:14129, 2021). Study Design and Methods: In the present project, first we used cell free assay systems to evaluate selectivity and potency of AS-1763 by a kinome-wide profiling and inhibitory effect of AS-1763 in enzyme assays using recombinant mutant BTK. Second, we examined dose- and time-dependent inhibition of mutant BTK that is expressed in HEK293 cell line. Third, we tested biological, biochemical, and molecular impact of AS-1763 in primary CLL cells. Fourth, we determined sensitivity of CLL cells to AS-1763 when combined with other targeted agents. Results: AS-1763 showed a highly selective profile for BTK in a panel of 291 kinase assays with >260-fold selectivity except 3 Tec family kinases (BMX, ITK, and TEC). We have generated a total of 17 recombinant BTK mutant proteins (C481, T474, L528 variants and other BTK mutants; Table 1) reported in the literature or predicted by single nucleotide change in the codon, and established assay methods to measure inhibitory potency of BTKi for those BTK mutants (Table 1). AS-1763 showed potent inhibitory activities for those BTK mutants while inhibitory potencies of other cBTKi and ncBTKi were diminished against some BTK mutants such as T474 and/or L528 mutations. AS-1763 exhibited dose-dependent and slow-off rate inhibitions of BTK autophosphorylation (pY223) in HEK293 cells transfected with various BTK mutants. Furthermore, the observed inhibitory effects of AS-1763 on the BTK autophosphorylation (pY223) in HEK293 cells were continued up to 24 h after washing out of AS-1763. In primary CLL samples, AS-1763, pirtobrutinib or ibrutinib induced a modest apoptosis. AS-1763 effectively inhibited the BCR signaling pathway in a dose dependent manner as evidenced by downregulation of pY223-BTK expression which was also observed in cBTKi and ncBTKi relapsed/refractory CLL samples. In vitro incubations with AS-1763 inhibited CLL cell spontaneous migration, decreased CCL3/CCL4 levels in culture supernatant and was accompanied with the inhibition of intracellular calcium release and B-cell activation, as measured by surface CD86 expression. Besides, AS-1763 incubation for 24 hours was shown to modulate the expression of BCL-2 family proteins with the downregulation of MCL-1 and BCL-xl. Interestingly, in vitro treatment of CLL patient samples with AS-1763 demonstrated a notable elevation in cellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide levels starting at 1 µM, concurrently impacting SOD1 expression in CLL patient samples. Evaluation of drug interaction models utilizing Compusyn and Synergy Finder applications predominantly indicated additive effects between AS-1763 with BCL-2 inhibitor, venetoclax as well as p53 activator APR-246. Consistent with this data, AS-1763 and venetoclax combinations showed high-rates of apoptosis in samples that were relapsed/refractory to cBTKi and ncBTKi. Conclusions: AS-1763 is a selective ncBTKi that inhibits both wild-type and mutant BTKs listed in Table 1. In CLL cells, AS-1763 was effective in inhibiting BCR pathway signaling and sensitized cells to other agents such as venetoclax. Based on these encouraging data we have initiated a clinical trial to test AS-1763 in patients with CLL and other B cell malignancies who have failed or are intolerant to at least two prior lines of systemic therapy, including cBTKi (NCT05602363 Clinical Trials.gov).
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Kirillina, S. A. "ХождениеиеромонахаЛеонтиявЕгипет иПалестинув17631766гг.:Исламиегоносители в«историижизнимладшего Григоровича»." Istoricheskii vestnik, no. 20(2017) part: 20 (August 30, 2019): 190–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.35549/hr.2019.2017.35083.
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Leonty (born as Luka Stepanovich Zelensky in 1726, died in 1807), priestmonk from the Monastery of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Poltava, undertook the pilgrimage to the Holy Land in 1763 1766. His itinerary included Egypt, the Sinai Peninsula and Palestine. After his trip to Levant he arrived to Istanbul where he became the chaplain of the church attached to the Russian Embassy. Since that time, the Ottoman capital became his home for the rest of his days. He only left Istanbul for Russia twice in 1771 1775 and 1787 1793. In 1767 Leonty was honoured the title of archimandrite. In 1788 the cleric resigned from the pastoral service and in his advanced age painstakingly worked on his multivolume autobiography. The first three volumes of Leontys memoirs are dedicated to the detailed and vivid description of his pilgrimage to the renowned holy places of Egypt and Palestine. Leontys memoirs are a quaint mixture of various facts, inner dialogues and personal observations of the local inhabitants, their occupations and lifestyles he encountered, including established beliefs, manners and customs. The aim of the present article is to survey particular facets of Leontys narrative as a valuable source for scholars dealing with Ottoman history and to examine his ambivalent attitude towards Islam and its followers living in the ArabOttoman world.Иеромонах полтавского Крестовоздвиженского монастыря (the Monastery of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross in Poltava) Леония (в миру Лука Степанович Зеленский) (1726 1807) совершил хождение в Святую землю в 1763 1766 гг. Его маршрут включал посещение мест поклонения в Египте, включая Синай, и Палестине. По завершении паломничества он остался на службе в церкви при российском посольстве в Стамбуле, где прожил до конца жизни. В России ему довелось побывать в России только дважды в 1771 1775 гг. и 1787 1793 гг. В 1767 г. Леоний был возведен в сан архимандрита, а в 1788 г. он оставил место церковного настоятеля и на закате жизни всецело отдался литературному творчеству. Его перу принадлежит тринадцатитомные мемуары, первые три тома которой посвящены описанию его путешествия к святым местам Египта и Палестины. Сочинение Леонтия лишено композиционного единства и представляет собой причудливую смесь разнообразных фактов, бытовых и психологических зарисовок, метких наблюдений и внутренних диалогов, в которых исследователи найдут много важного и полезного. Одним из сюжетов, привлекательных для историковвостоковедов, является тема отношения российского богомольца к исламу и его последователям представителям арабоосманского мира.
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Milan, Radovanovic, Stojanovic-Marjanovic Vesna, Miletic Goran, Nikolic Tomislav, and Radovanovic Mirjana. "Fatal myocardial infarction after intentional ingestion of sulfuric acid." Medicinski casopis 46, no. 4 (2012): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/mckg46-1763.
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Gomme, Andor. "Stoneleigh After The Grand Tour." Antiquaries Journal 68, no. 2 (September 1988): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003581500069389.
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SummaryExamination of the account books and other papers, now chiefly deposited in the Record Office of the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust, Stratford-upon-Avon, has enabled a chronology to be prepared of the long-drawn-out construction and decoration of the eighteenth-century west range of Stoneleigh Abbey. The contributions of the four architects principally involved—Francis and William Smith, William Hiorn and Timothy Lightoler—have been assessed, together with those of the more prominent craftsmen. In particular, the process by which the hall (or saloon) achieved its final form in 1763-5 is explored and suggestions made about the authorship of its remarkable stucco decoration.
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Horogszegi, Tamás. "Az esztergomi főszékesegyház és egyházkormányzati központ építészeti koncepciójának kialakulása és változásai •." Művészettörténeti Értesítő 71, no. 1 (May 24, 2023): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/080.2022.00001.
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With the advance of the Ottoman Empire the Archiepiscopate of Esztergom was forced to leave its seat and move to Nagyszombat. The buildings of mediaeval origin on Castle Hill, first housing royalties and later the archbishop, were appropriated by the military forces and suffered considerable damage from sieges and the Ottoman domination. The rule of the Turks ceased in Esztergom in 1683, but the archbishopric did not return before 1820. Nonetheless, the archbishops of the 18th century were also preoccupied with the fate and future of the buildings on Castle Hill.Archbishop Ferenc Barkóczy (1761–1765, fig. 4) commissioned the Vienna-based architect of French origin, Isidore Ganneval (1730–1786) to plan a centre of ecclesiastical management on Castle Hill. Unfortunately, it is hard to glean from the fragmentary archival sources what exactly Ganneval was asked to design. His extant survey drawings are only about the renaissance Bakócz chapel which survived the vicissitudes of the centuries relatively intact. Ganneval’s fairly modest fee and his stay of a few months only permit the assumption that he was contracted only to draw up a sketchy proposal. The wooden model (fig. 5) only known from a photograph and possibly perished by now, which can hardly be fitted among the subsequent plan variants, might as well reflect the ideas inspired by his planning work in Esztergom. The conception documented by the wooden mock-up does not take into account the existing, mostly ramshackle buildings and fortifications. The “Navis Ecclesiae” idea represented by the model shows the cathedral flanked by wings of the archiepiscopal palace, the buildings of the theological college are situated lower, and the main road to Visegrád is lined by the canons’ houses. The sanctuary of the cathedral faces west breaking with the tradition of the eastern apse. The groundplan is a fusion of centralized and longitudinal plans, its basic element is the Bakócz Chapel (fig. 6) the mass of which is reiterated and enlarged in it.This proposal ignored the possibility of preserving the mostly mediaeval buildings and fortifications on Castle Hill. In December 1761, however, Archbishop Barkóczy was compelled to sign the obligation by the War Council to undertake the maintenance of the Castle Hill fortifications and in case of enemy attacks to accommodate imperial troops there. It was only through the intervention of the Queen, Maria Theresa, that Barkóczy could be exempted from this obligation in 1763.The next plan of a church administration centre was elaborated by Franz Anton Hillebrandt (1719–1797) whose first plan series was made during the validity of the military obligation from December 1761 to March 1763. It is quite possible that the style of the architect of the Hungarian royal chamber was closer to the taste of the baroque art patron Barkóczy than that of Canneval twenty years his junior, representing the progressivity of revolutionary architecture. The latter was also commissioned by Anton Christoph Migazzi to design the cathedral of Vác, whose style did not attract followers in Hungary.Apart from the principal plan known in the copy by Anton Hartmann (fig. 7) only four pieces of the first plan series survive, including the first floor plan of the seminary building (fig. 8). This baroque conception keeps the fortified walls and bastions around Castle Hill but demolishes the military buildings on the plateau (barracks, hospital, stalls, etc.). It is like an architectural counter-proposal to Ganneval’s wooden model, taking into greater consideration the relief features than the perfunctory mock-up. Hillebrandt delivered these plans to Archbishop Barkóczy on 10 March 1763 and forwarded the queen’s message at the same time: the financial obligation to maintain the military defences of Castle Hill had been abrogated. It immediately invalidated the plans just presented, and obstacles from the path of planning were removed. That was probably the stimulus behind the free-handed amateur linear drawing of a groundplan made perhaps by the archbishop or his representative for the architect in 1763 (fig. 9) in which the functions of the buildings are defined. In a sense it returns to Ganneval’s model which handled Castle Hill without any restrictions.Only few – a mere six sheets – of Hillebrandt’s plans are known from after the sketch. (A part of the plans were probably taken by architect István Möller to Budapest in the first decades of the 20th century and possibly perished during the siege of the capital in 1945 or during the reconstruction.) Anyway, it must have been on the basis of this second series of plans that the demolition of mediaeval remains, soil levelling and the laying of foundations began in 1763. In 1764, the collapse of an Ottoman minaret built using a mediaeval stair-tower caused the crushing of Porta Speciosa, the main portal of the mediaeval St Adalbert cathedral. Mainly preparatory construction went on until the death of Archbishop Barkóczy in 1765. That interrupted the building of a baroque church administration centre for good.Building commissioner János Máthes (1785–1848) summed up in his work published in 1827 how far the construction had arrived and what was built later. Maria Theresa requested Hillebrandt to plan a church dedicated to King Saint Stephen for the garrison reinstated on Castle Hill, which was constructed in 1767–1770. It was – on a smaller scale – on the site of the planned baroque cathedral, certainly not using its foundation walls. About the situation a layout drawing (fig. 12), groundplan and design plan (fig. 13) are included in Máthes’s book. In addition, a now latent or extinct, mock-up (fig. 14) made by Máthes also reflects the situation on Castle Hill in the last quarter of the 18th century. In the lower part of the model made in the early 1820s groundplans of the buildings on Castle Hill could be seen (fig. 16). One of the specialties of the church was the copy of the Hungarian royal crown placed on the spire as the crowning ornament. On the façade on top of the stairs adjacent to the broad ramp leading to the basilica of today the statues of Saints Stephen and Ladislaus carved by the Pest sculptor József Hebenstreit were erected. Surviving items include side altar pictures painted by Anton Karl Rosier of Pozsony which are today in the Esztergom church of the Sisters of Mercy of Szatmár. The later rebuilt garrison church was pulled down in 1821 to make room for today’s cathedral. One of the first moves of the new construction was the transfer of the Bakócz Chapel to its present place. The cathedral, the construction of which started on plans by Pál Kühnel (1765–1824) and János Packh (1796–1839) fitted into a conception of a church government centre the model for which might have been provided by Ganneval’s plan of nearly sixty years before.
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Triškaitė, Birutė. "Jono Jokūbo Kvanto akademinės veiklos ataskaita: Karaliaučiaus universiteto Lietuvių kalbos seminaras 1724 m." Archivum Lithuanicum, no. 23 (December 31, 2021): 59–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33918/26692449-23003.
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Johann Jacob QuandT’S ACADEMIC ACCOUNT: THE LITHUANIAN LANGUAGE SEMINAR AT THE KÖNIGSBERG UNIVERSITY IN 1724 S u m m a r y The article introduces a document found in the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (Germ. Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz; GStA PK: I. HAGR, Rep. 7 Preußen, Nr. 187 [1716–1729]) in Berlin that sheds new light on the seminar of the Lithuanian language – the first centre for teaching Lithuanian – that was founded at the Faculty of Theology of the Königsberg University in late 1720s. It is an academic account by Johann Jacob Quandt (1686–1772), the chief preacher of the court and the then dean of the Faculty of Theology of the Königsberg University and the fourth professor of theology in ordinary, who ran the seminar of the Lithuanian language between 1723 and 1727. This account provides insights into the early activities of the seminar that have not been documented in much detail so far. Neither the account nor any of its three appendices – lists of students attending Quandt’s courses – are dated. Based on other documents in the same archive file and the Christian holidays to which the account refers, Quandt’s account has been dated between 28 December 1724 and 11 January 1725, and the data that it contains cover the first half of the 1724–1725 winter semester: October–December of 1724. Quandt’s account shows that during the winter semester of 1724–1725, the seminar of theLithuanian language at the Königsberg University was attended by thirty theological students. Theology and language was taught twice daily between 10 and 11 AM and between 3 and 4 PM . The seminar under Quandt’s management continued to apply the so-called collegium privatissimum, the teaching method of its first supervisor, Heinrich Lysius (1670–1731). The names of the seminar attendees from that period are documented in the second appendix to Quandt’s account titled ‘Beyl. B. Auditores Seminarii Lithvanici’: these were Peter Gottlieb Mielcke (1695–1753), who was in his second year as a teacher, Gottfried Boeckel (?–after 1724), Samuel Boeckel (?–after 1724), Alexander Deutschmann (?–after 1724), Michael Sigismund Engel (1700–1758), Carl Julius Fleischmann (1704–1778), Christophor Daniel Franck?–after 1724), Georg Friedrich Gehrke (?–after 1724), Heinrich Grabau (Grabovius, ?–after 1724), Friedrich Wilhelm Haack (1707–1754), Georg Ernst Klemm (1701–1774), Johann Friedrich Leo (1696–1759), Christophorus (Georg) Liebe (1705–1764), Joachim Friedrich Mey (?–after 1724), Johann Friedrich Mülner (?–after 1724), Jacob Friedrich Naugardt (1694–1751), Friedrich Gottlieb Perbandt (?–after 1724), Adam Heinrich Pilgrim (1702–1757), Heinrich Preuss (?–after 1728), Christoph Rabe (?–after 1724), Heinrich Ernst Rabe (1707/1708–1744), Gottlieb Richter (1707–1775), Johann Richter (1705–1754), Friedrich Rosenberg (?–1727), Adam Friedrich Schimmelpfennig (1699–1763), Ernst Gottfried Schimmelpfennig (1704–1768), Martin Schimmelpfennig (1706–1778), Gottfried Schumacher (1704–1786), Friedrich Sigismund Schuster (1703–after 1732), Johann Trentovius (Trentowski, 1700–1765). Seven of them attended the seminar back in the winter semester of 1723–1724 and were among the first attendees of the seminar of the Lithuanian language under Quandt after it had been reinstated in 1723. Peter Gottlieb Mielcke was the first teacher at the reinstated seminar. During the winter semester of 1724–1725, the age of the theological students attending the seminar of the Lithuanian language at the Königsberg University was between 17 and 30. Most of them were from Prussian Lithuania. After finishing their studies, at least 19 of the attendees were ordained priests and served in Lithuanian parishes. Out of the thirty students who signed the second appendix to Quandt’s account, at least one-half have not been known as attendees of the seminar of the Lithuanian language yet. Even though the Pietist Georg Friedrich Rogall was very critical towards the seminar of the Lithuanian language under the orthodox Lutheran Quandt in his 1725 letter to August Hermann Francke (1663–1727), professor of theology at the Halle University, it is beyond any dispute that the seminar had brought up a new generation of authors of Lithuanian writings. Six of the theological students who attended the seminar in the winter semester of 1724–1725 had become involved in Lithuanistic activity, albeit from the camps of two protestant movements – the orthodox Lutherans and the Pietists. Three of them – Peter Gottlieb Mielcke, Adam Heinrich Pilgrim, and Adam Friedrich Schimmelpfennig – were actively involved in Johann Jacob Quandt’s project that aimed to renew and enhance the repertoire of religious Lithuanian literature. Three others – Johann Richter, Friedrich Wilhelm Haack (by the way, he became involved in Lithuanistic activity with his proof-reading of the 1727 New Testament published by Quandt in Lithuanian), and Martin Schimmelpfennig – later went to Halle, the centre of Pietism, where they became teachers at the seminar of the Lithuanian language that was founded there in 1727 and drafted Lithuanian books. Quandt’s pupils made a significant contribution to the breakthrough in Lithuanian writings between the 1730s and 1760s.
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Korenromp, M. J., G. C. M. L. Page-Christiaens, J. van den Bout, E. J. H. Mulder, J. A. M. Hunfeld, C. M. A. A. Potters, J. J. H. M. Erwich, et al. "A prospective study on parental coping 4 months after termination of pregnancy for fetal anomalies." Prenatal Diagnosis 27, no. 8 (2007): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pd.1763.
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Puzanov, Vladimir. "Commander of the Siberian Corps Lieutenant General I.I. Springer." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2021, no. 12-2 (December 1, 2021): 207–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202112statyi36.
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The article examines the biography of Lieutenant General I.I. (Johann) Springer, commander of the Siberian Corps in 1763-1771, a major military figure and one of the most famous administrators of Siberia of the XVIII century. 1.1. Springer came from the nobility of Estonia, served in the Russian army since 1738. Starting from 1752, he carried out secret assignments of the Chancellor A.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin abroad. In November 1756, I.I. Springer was sent by S.F. Apraksin to the Austrian army and became the Russian representative at the headquarters of the Austrian army. After the breakup of the union of Russia and Austria in 1763, He was sent to Siberia to command the military forces of the Siberian Corps.
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Houston, Kerr. "Negotiating Time: Pennsylvanians, Native Americans, and Temporal Tactics, 1682–1763." Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 91, no. 1 (2024): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/pennhistory.91.1.0001.
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ABSTRACT The many surviving records documenting negotiations between Native Americans and colonial Pennsylvanians feature numerous references to time. Studied closely, these temporal allusions reveal significant differences between Indigenous and colonial timescapes—but also point to a broad diachronic pattern. After an initial period of intercultural familiarization, both sides learned to appeal to the temporal logic of their diplomatic counterparts. But as Native delegates came to recognize the importance of punctuality and clock time to colonists, they also began to occasionally resist it, in a purposeful process of diplomatic disidentification. Time was thus a material that was both the subject of, and subject to, consequential negotiation during a formative period in the Delaware Valley.
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Kaufman, M. H. "John Bell (1763–1820), the ‘Father’ of Surgical Anatomy." Journal of Medical Biography 13, no. 2 (May 2005): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096777200501300204.
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John was one of four very talented sons of the Reverend William Bell. Two qualified as advocates and both became professors. John and his younger brother Charles (later Sir Charles) entered medicine. John qualified with the Edinburgh MD degree in 1779, then obtained the FRCS Edin diploma in 1786. As a student, initially he studied anatomy under Professor Alexander Monro secundus, and it was soon evident to him that his teacher did not have any first-hand knowledge of the problems encountered by surgeons. He then decided to teach anatomy, while practising as a surgeon, and was among the first to emphasize the relevance of anatomy to surgical practice. During this period he lectured and wrote on anatomy and surgical anatomy. After 1800 he, like many of his surgical colleagues, was excluded from the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary as a consequence of the activities of Professor James Gregory, one of the most influential of the managers of that institution. When he stopped lecturing, he continued practising as a surgeon and wrote several influential textbooks but he never forgave Gregory for exclusion from the Infirmary. He was soon recognized as one of the foremost surgeons in Scotland. He spent the last few years of his life on the Continent attending to the surgical needs of the numerous expatriate Britons who lived there.
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Raman, Raman, Krishna Kishore A, Priyanka K, Haridas K, and Padmavathi P. "VISUAL RECOVERY AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT IN CHILDREN WITH BILATERAL CONGENITAL CATARACT." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, no. 70 (August 31, 2015): 12225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2015/1763.
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Friis, I. "Coffee and qat on the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia – botanical, ethnobotanical and commercial observations made in Yemen 1762–1763." Archives of Natural History 42, no. 1 (April 2015): 101–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2015.0283.
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In spite of widespread consumption of coffee in Europe at the time of the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia 1761–1767, little was known of the cultivation of coffee in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export to Europe. Fresh leaves of qat were used as a stimulant on the Arabian Peninsula and in East Africa, but before the Royal Danish expedition to Arabia this plant was known in Europe only from secondary reports. Two members of the expedition, Carsten Niebuhr and Peter Forsskål, pioneered studies of coffee and qat in Yemen and of the Arabian coffee export. Linnaeus' instructions for travellers requested observations on the use of coffee, but otherwise Forsskål and Niebuhr's studies of coffee and qat were made entirely on their own initiative. Now, 250 years after The Royal Danish expedition to Arabia, coffee has become one of the world's most valuable trade commodities and qat has become a widely used and banned drug.
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Gajic, Zoran, Vladimir Sakac, Boris Golubovic, and Ksenija Boskovic. "Jovan Apostolovic, MD, the first Serbian medical doctor - life and work achievements." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 1-2 (2020): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh190610113g.
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Jovan Apostolovic was born between 1730 and 1735, in Buda and died in 1770 in Novi Sad. He was the first Serbian physician who acquired the title of a medical doctor with his doctoral thesis. After his graduation from the Halle Medical School in 1757, he defended his doctoral thesis there, titled ?How Emotions Affect the Human Body?. This thesis, considering the time of its publication, was the first in the history of medicine that studied psychosomatics taking into consideration the influence of emotions on human organism. Upon his arrival to Novi Sad, in 1759, Apostolovic had founded his medical practice as an only graduate physician in the town. When, after its outbreak in Belgrade, Srem and Banat, the plague threatened to spread to the Novi Sad area, he was appointed the town?s doctor in 1763, but was resolved from this position in 1765, since the Magistrate was not able to handle the pressure from the barbers, catholic priests and German population of the town. After losing this position, he continued with his medical practice in Novi Sad, till 1770 when he died of tuberculosis.
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Pólos, Miklós, Zoltán Szabolcs, Astrid Apor, István Édes, Erzsébet Paulovich, and Béla Merkely. "Successful treatment of an acute type A aortic dissection presented with ST segment elevation on ECG and pericardial tamponade. Case report." Orvosi Hetilap 155, no. 44 (November 2014): 1763–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2014.30028.
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Successful treatment of type A acute aortic dissection depends on the promptness of diagnostic evaluation and therapy. Fast diagnosis can be challenged by numerous complications such as myocardial ischemia, acute aortic insufficiency, and disturbances in organ perfusion and pericardial tamponade. The authors report the case history of a 72-year-old woman, who was admitted after resuscitation with ST segment elevation. Echocardiography revealed acute type A aortic dissection with signs of pericardial tamponade. An emergency operation consisting of the resection of the ascending aorta and the reconstruction of the aortic root was performed, which took six hours from admission until the end of the operation. Follow-up examinations demonstrated good left ventricular function and competent aortic valve. The authors propose that with the development of diagnostic and therapeutic options, faster and less invasive interventions will be introduced in near future for the treatment of acute aortic dissection, which may reduce the morbidity and mortality rates of this lethal illness. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(44), 1763–1767.
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Fàbregas Roig, Josep. "El conflicto entre España e Inglaterra en el contexto de la Guerra de los Siete Años. La guerra de corso (1761-1763)." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.67.2-7.
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In the following part of the article we present the incidents that arose between England and Spain in the final stage of the Seven Years’ War. After the two sides of the conflict declared war, they continued with their corsair actions that had already started earlier, together with the cosequent attacks on boats and taking prisoners concerning the both sides. With respect to the boats, we present the details concerning the place of their capture, their description, the goods transported and the crew; regarding the prisoners, we examine the place of their stay and the estimated costs of their maintainance. Finally, the comparative analysis of their situation on each territory is discussed.
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Bennett, Jean, Stephen Pakola, Yong Zeng, and Albert Maguire. "Humoral Response after Administration of E1-Deleted Adenoviruses: Immune Privilege of the Subretinal Space." Human Gene Therapy 7, no. 14 (September 10, 1996): 1763–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hum.1996.7.14-1763.
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Willis, Aaron. "The Standing of New Subjects: Grenada and the Protestant Constitution after the Treaty of Paris (1763)." Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 42, no. 1 (September 13, 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2013.826463.
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Landers, Jane. "An eighteenth-century community in exile : the 'floridanos' in Cuba." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 70, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1996): 39–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002628.
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History of the evacuation of 1763, when Floridians had to move away after the English seized the colony from Spain. Most of the migrants settled in Cuba. Several hundred families of Spanish descent and their slaves made new lives in Havana. Author focuses on the Florida Africans and Indians and the history of a new multi-ethnic settlement named San Agustín de la Nueve Florida.
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Muldoon, Michele M., Stephen J. Birchard, and Gary W. Ellison. "Long-term results of surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch in dogs: 25 cases (1980-1995)." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 210, no. 12 (June 15, 1997): 1761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.210.12.1761.
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Objective— To evaluate long-term outcome of dogs with persistent right aortic arch that undergo surgical correction. Design— Retrospective study. Animals— 25 dogs. Procedure— Surgical correction consisted of ligation and division of the ligamentum arteriosum through a left fourth intercostal thoracotomy. Long-term (> 6 months after surgery) follow-up Information was obtained by means of a telephone survey of owners (22 dogs) and by means of reevaluati0ns by a veterinarian (3). Results— Median age at the time of surgical treatment was 12 weeks. Short-term (2 to 4 weeks after surgery) follow-up information was available for 14 dogs. Nine no longer regurgitated after eating, and 5 regurgitated infrequently. Follow-up esophagography (median time after surgery, 4 months) waS performed in 13 dogs and revealed persistence of megaesophagus in all 13. At the time of long-term follow-up, 23 (92%) dogs no longer regurgitated after eating, and the remaining 2(8%) had regurgitated less than once per week. Clinical Implications— Contrary to previous reports, surgical correction of persistent right aortic arch resulted in complete alleviation of clinical signs in most dogs and an improvement in signs in the remaining dogs. Persistence of megaesophagus and regurgitation in the early postoperative period did not indicate a poor long-term outcome. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;210:1761–1763)
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Mirow, M. C. "The Court of Common Pleas of East Florida 1763-1783." Tijdschrift voor rechtsgeschiedenis 85, no. 3-4 (December 14, 2017): 540–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-08534p06.
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Legal historians have surmised that court records of the British province of East Florida (1763-1783) have been either lost or destroyed. This assumption was based on the poor conditions for survival of documents in Florida and statements made in the secondary literature on the province. Nonetheless, a significant number of documents related to the courts of British East Florida exist in the National Archives (Kew). These materials reveal an active legal culture using English law in a wide range of courts including (1) the Court of Common Pleas; (2) the Court of Chancery; (3) the Court of General Sessions of the Peace, Oyer et Terminer, Assize and General Gaol Delivery; (4) Special Courts of Oyer et Terminer; (5) the Court of Vice-Admiralty; (6) the Court of Ordinary; (7) the General Court; and (8) a District Court. This article studies a portion of the documents related to the Court of Common Pleas to describe the nature of the court’s practice in civil litigation. It closely examines three cases for which sufficient extant pleadings permit the reconstruction of the general contours of recovery for breach of a sales contract through an action of trespass on the case, for contract enforcement through an action of covenant, and for recovery of a sum certain through an action of debt. The small window provided by these cases into the activities of this court reveals a heretofore unknown world of English common law in North America during and after the American Declaration of Independence. This new information supplements and challenges our established understanding of colonial law in North America in the revolutionary period and the use of law in the British Empire. This study illustrates the many opportunities these sources offer to legal historians of the period.
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Retnakaran, Ravi, and Baiju R. Shah. "Fetal Sex and the Natural History of Maternal Risk of Diabetes During and After Pregnancy." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 7 (July 2015): 2574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2015-1763.
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Fiedler, Amy G., Thoralf M. Sundt III, and George Tolis. "Post-Myocardial Infarction Ventricular Septal Defect Six Months following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting." Heart Surgery Forum 20, no. 4 (August 25, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.1763.
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Mechanical complications following acute myocardial infarction are associated with high mortality. We present the first reported case of a new post myocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) within six months of coronary artery bypass grafting. The patient underwent successful surgical correction of the VSD with the assistance of mechanical circulatory support (MCS). This case highlights the importance of mechanical circulatory support in the management of cardiogenic shock associated with rare complications of myocardial infarction, even after surgical revascularization.
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Runcheva, Daria, and Iryna Sinaiko. "ASSESSMENT OF VOICE FUNCTION AND THE IMPACT OF VOICE DISORDERS ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH LARYNX CANCER AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT." Grail of Science, no. 26 (April 26, 2023): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/grail-of-science.14.04.2023.091.
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Actuality: In Ukraine, according to the 2020 cancer registry, the incidence of laryngeal cancer is 5.2 per 100,000 population (the world standard rate is 3.3). The total number of cases of the disease in 2020 is 1845. Among them, 1763 persons are men, 82 - are women. [1] 39-42% of patients have tumor, which of the corresponds , and require organ-keeping surgical treatment.[2,3] Postoperative period accompanies voice disorders because of inflammatory changes in tissues of larynx and defect in the glottal gap. [4]
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Taras, Viktoriya. "THE CREATIVE WORK OF ARCHITECTOR PIERRE RICAUD DE TIRREGAILLE." Current Issues in Research, Conservation and Restoration of Historic Fortifications 2020, no. 13 (2020): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/fortifications2020.13.133.
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In this article we examine the figure of the military engineer, geometer, architect Pierre Rico de Tirregaille (Tirrgaille, French Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille, Ricaud (Ricaut, Ryko) Pierre de Tirregaille (Tirgaille)). The years of his activity (about 1725 - after 1772) are relatively well known to researchers. But his biography remains unknown, except for the period of activity in the Commonwealth. Analysis of the results of previous research has shown that scientific research has been conducted in several areas. The first area includes research on biographical information about the architect. The second area includes studies on various projects that Pierre Rico de Tirregail commissioned. Manuscripts and graphics are important sources for finding out about Pierre Rico de Tirregail and his design work. They are stored in the archives of Warsaw, Krakow, the National Heritage Institute in Warsaw and the National Library of France in Paris. Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille was born around 1725 in a French noble family in the district of Tiregale in Provence. His professional education was improved in Barcelona under the guidance of engineer Francis Ricode de Tierreagil. In the territory of the Polish– Lithuanian Commonwealth he worked from 1752 to 1762. We distinguish three periods in the activity of the architect: I - Warsaw (1752–1757), II - Lviv (1757–1760) and III - Warsaw (1760–1762). Most orders were received by the architect from several magnate families: Branicki, Potocki, Mniszeck, and others. The first mention of Pierre Rico de Tirregail's stay in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth dates back to 1752, when he received the rank of lieutenant in the infantry regiment of the Grand Crown Hetman Jan Kliment Branicki (1689–1771). In the architect's portfolio were included: the project and management of installation works on the water supply of the garden and menagerie in the city of Bialystok, the project of the palace with a garden in the city of Krystynopol, the palace in the village Pespa, a project of the Palace Chatsky-Felinsky in Lviv, a project for the modernization of the palace for Anthony Bielsky. Probably, the palace garden for the Greek Catholic Metropolitans in Lviv and the palace with a garden in Krakovets are his work as well. Pierre Ricaud de Tirregaille also made a detailed plan of the city of Warsaw on a scale of 1:1000 between 1762–1763. After an eleven-year stay in Poland, Pierre Rico de Tirregail moved to Berlin. In Berlin, he received a position in the military engineering corps and a position as a teacher at the court of King Frederick II of Prussia. In 1772, in Potsdam, he published a numismatic treatise devoted to Rossian medals of the eighteenth century.
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CONWAY, STEPHEN. "BRITISH GOVERNMENTS, COLONIAL CONSUMERS, AND CONTINENTAL EUROPEAN GOODS IN THE BRITISH ATLANTIC EMPIRE, 1763–1775." Historical Journal 58, no. 3 (July 24, 2015): 711–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x14000557.
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ABSTRACTThis article looks at the attempts made by British governments after the Seven Years War to reduce colonial consumption of continental European manufactures. It begins by sketching the pre-war background, focusing first on the availability of European goods in North America and the Caribbean and then on British debates about foreign commodity penetration of the Atlantic colonies. The next part charts the emergence after 1763 of a political consensus in London on the need to give British goods added advantage in American markets. The article goes on to suggest reasons for the forming of this consensus, and finally considers the success of the measures introduced by British governments to diminish colonial purchases of European products.
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Fukuda, Norimasa, Hans G. Folkesson, and Michael A. Matthay. "Relationship of interstitial fluid volume to alveolar fluid clearance in mice: ventilated vs. in situ studies." Journal of Applied Physiology 89, no. 2 (August 1, 2000): 672–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.89.2.672.
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Our recent report (Garat C, Carter EP, and Matthay MA. J Appl Physiol 84: 1763–1767, 1998) described a new method to measure alveolar fluid clearance (AFC) in an in situ mouse preparation. However, in vivo preparations may be more suitable for studying alveolar fluid transport under some pathological conditions. Therefore, we developed a ventilated mouse model and compared AFC in the ventilated and the in situ mouse models. After 15 min, AFC was similar in both groups, but, after 30 min, AFC was 38% slower in the in situ mice ( P < 0.05). Bilateral adrenalectomy and propranolol did not inhibit AFC after 15 min. Amiloride inhibited 90% of AFC in both groups. To evaluate the mechanism for the slower AFC in the in situ mouse preparation, we measured the extravascular lung water and calculated interstitial fluid volume. Extravascular lung water and interstitial fluid volume were greater in the in situ mice than in the ventilated mice at 30 min ( P < 0.05). These results indicate that mouse AFC is fast, highly amiloride sensitive, and independent of endogenous catecholamines during the first 15 min. Accumulation of interstitial fluid probably plays an important role in slowing AFC in the in situ mouse lung model at later time intervals. These mouse models will be useful to quantify alveolar epithelial fluid transport under pathological conditions.
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Olariu, Tudor-Sebastian, Cosmin-Ovidiu Manci, Alexandru-Mihai Pintilioaie, and Maria-Magdalena Dascălu. "An update on the presence of Leucomigus candidatus candidatus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Lixinae) in Romania." Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 66, no. 2 (December 31, 2023): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/travaux.66.e115940.
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This survey presents the first precise records of Leucomigus candidatus candidatus (Pallas, 1781) in Romania, confirming thus the presence of this species almost a century after its first and single record. Furthermore, ecology, habitat preference and distribution are discussed. We illustrate this taxon with high quality macro photographs, including the male genitalia with the everted and inflated endophallus. Comparative plates with similar-looking species are provided. New localities from Romania and Republic of Moldova are recorded for Cleonis pigra (Scopoli, 1763) and Cyphocleonus dealbatus (Gmelin, 1790).
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Midtrød, Tom Arne. "“A People before Useless”: Ethnic Cleansing in the Wartime Hudson Valley, 1754–1763." Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21, no. 3 (June 2023): 428–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2023.a904222.
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abstract: This article investigates the issue of ethnic cleansing against Native peoples in early America and the relationship between ethnic cleansing and genocide. It examines the efforts of colonial officials in New York and New Jersey to remove Native groups in the Hudson Valley region during the Seven Years’ War. In an atmosphere of suspicion and animosity, colonial authorities first sought to exert control over local Natives through surveillance and internment in colonial towns. Then, following an outburst of genocidal violence from ordinary colonials, they began to encourage the Natives to leave their homelands, first for refuge among the Mohawk allies of the British and then for Native settlements in the distant Susquehanna country. Cast as an effort at paternalistic protection of vulnerable Natives, the official effort at ethnic cleansing worked in tandem with indiscriminate violence from ordinary colonial, as officials both exploited and exaggerated the genocidal attitudes of the colonial population to encourage Native removal. Though colonial officials abandoned this ethnic cleansing program after the return of peace to the region in 1758, the evidence presented here shows that largely nonviolent efforts at removal or ethnic cleansing cannot easily be disentangled from the threat of genocide or extermination.
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Pfister, Christian, Stefan Brönnimann, Andres Altwegg, Rudolf Brázdil, Laurent Litzenburger, Daniele Lorusso, and Thomas Pliemon. "600 years of wine must quality and April to August temperatures in western Europe 1420–2019." Climate of the Past 20, no. 6 (June 27, 2024): 1387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-20-1387-2024.
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Abstract. This study investigates the validity of wine must quality as an April-to-August temperature proxy between 1420 and 2019 based on expert ratings and quality measurements from Germany, Luxembourg, eastern France, and the Swiss Plateau. This is highly relevant as uncertainties remain on past climate variations during this period. The evidence was reviewed according to the best practice of historical climatology. Expert ratings tended to agree with Oechsle density measurements that gradually replaced them from the 1840s. A statistical model calibrated to predict wine must quality from climate data explains 75 % of the variance, underlining the potential value of wine must quality as a climate proxy. Premium crops were collected in years of early harvest involving high insolation during maturation, while poor crops resulted from very late harvests in cold and wet summers. An analysis of daily weather types for high- and low-quality years after 1763 shows marked differences. On a decadal timescale, the average quality was highest from 1470 to 1479, from 1536 to 1545, and from 1945 to 1954. Poor crops were collected in periods with prevailing cold and wet summers such as 1453 to 1466, 1485 to 1494, 1585 to 1614, 1685 to 1703, 1812 to 1821, and 1876 to 1936. In the period of enhanced warming after 1990, high quality became the rule.
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Kitayama, Masato, Morito Wada, Hiroshi Hashimoto, Tsuyoshi Kudo, Chihiro Yakoshi, and Kazuyoshi Hirota. "Plasma ropivacaine concentrations after ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block for open retropubic prostatectomy." Journal of Anesthesia 28, no. 4 (December 18, 2013): 576–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00540-013-1763-9.
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Wandschneider, Kirsten. "Landschaften as Credit Purveyors—The Example of East Prussia." Journal of Economic History 75, no. 3 (August 27, 2015): 791–818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050715001060.
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Landschaften were cooperative mortgage associations that emerged in Prussia after the Seven Years War (1756–1763) to support the Prussian landed nobility. Landschaften issued covered mortgage bonds, called Pfandbriefe, which helped re-capitalize the Prussian estates. Relying on mortgage data for 554 estates, this article provides a detailed look at one of these institutions—the Landschaft of East Prussia. The article offers insights into the self-selection of participants and the distribution of credit. It also gives a quantitative assessment of the economic effects of the Landschaften with respect to ownership patterns and estate size.
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Ramos, Juan. "Is spatial memory transformed during the consolidation process' Effect of reminding." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 69, no. 4 (December 31, 2009): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2009-1763.
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Several studies in rats have shown activation of cortical regions and concurrent deactivation of the hippocampus during the retrieval of spatial memory, as the consolidation process progresses. To determine whether during this post-learning period of memory reorganization, spatial memories are transformed from a specific to a more generic representation, in Experiment 1 we compare remote spatial memory measured using a single probe trial versus relearning. Results show that spatial memory can be effectively retrieved using a single probe trial during the 18 days following learning; after this time a retraining procedure is necessary. In Experiment 2 and 3 we tested the effect of a reminder treatment on the retrieval of remote memory. Results indicate that when the reminder was applied after experimental day 18, the treatment did not significantly improve the retrieval of spatial memory during a retention test (Exp. 2); however, if the reminder was applied before day 18, a significant improvement during the retention test was observed (Exp. 3). In order to investigate the extent to which memory becomes more difficult to retrieve as time passes due specifically to a retrieval deficit, in experiment 4 no significant differences, but marginal ones, were detected between an overtrained group and a control group when the retention test took place 30 days after the end of learning. Overall, the present results suggest that as the consolidation process progresses, spatial information becomes more difficult to recover, in part because the original detailed trace has gradually been transformed into a more schematic representation.
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Vakareliyska, Cynthia M. "Due Process in Wartime? Secret Imperial Russian Police Files on the Forced Relocation of Russian Germans during World War I." Nationalities Papers 37, no. 5 (September 2009): 589–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905990903122842.
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In 1762 and 1763, manifestos were issued by Catherine II, and later were extended further by her son Paul I, inviting foreign artisans and others to settle in far-flung rural areas of the Russian Empire in order to help strengthen the economy. Under a policy somewhat similar to the later US Homestead Act, under the manifestos German and other foreign-national settlers and their descendants were offered Russian citizenship, land ownership after three years, religious tolerance (including, in the case of Germans, German clergy and German-language churches), and exemption from the military draft—although by the end of the nineteenth century the last of these had been rescinded. The call was not restricted to Germans, but Germans comprised the largest group to take advantage of it, settling for the most part in Ukraine, Bessarabia, and the mid-Volga region. Those who participated in the migration, known as the Auswanderung, and their descendants are often referred to in English as “Russian Germans” or “Germans from Russia” (rossiiskie nemtsy). A second wave of German immigration occurred in 1894, when some Germans who had settled in Prussia moved across the border into Russia. By 1897, there were over 2 million German immigrants and descendants in the Russian Empire.
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Sanjuàn, A., S. Vidal-Sicart, G. Zanón, J. Pahisa, M. Velasco, P. L. Fernández, G. Santamaría, et al. "Clinical axillary recurrence after sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: a follow-up study of 220 patients." European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 32, no. 8 (March 25, 2005): 932–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00259-005-1763-6.
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ROSE, EDWIN D. "Specimens, slips and systems: Daniel Solander and the classification of nature at the world's first public museum, 1753–1768." British Journal for the History of Science 51, no. 2 (April 15, 2018): 205–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087418000249.
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AbstractThe British Museum, based in Montague House, Bloomsbury, opened its doors on 15 January 1759, as the world's first state-owned public museum. The Museum's collection mostly originated from Sir Hans Sloane (1660–1753), whose vast holdings were purchased by Parliament shortly after his death. The largest component of this collection was objects of natural history, including a herbarium made up of 265 bound volumes, many of which were classified according to the late seventeenth-century system of John Ray (1627–1705). The 1750s saw the emergence of Linnaean binomial nomenclature, following the publication of Carl Linnaeus' Species Plantarum (1753) and Systema Naturae (1758). In order to adopt this new system for their collections, the Trustees of the British Museum chose to employ the Swedish naturalist and former student of Linnaeus, Daniel Solander (1733–1782) to reclassify the collection. Solander was ordered to devise a new system for classifying and cataloguing Sloane's natural history collection, which would allow both Linnaeans and those who followed earlier systems to access it. Solander's work was essential for allowing the British Museum to realize its aim of becoming a public centre of learning, adapting the collection to reflect the diversity of classificatory practices which were existent by the 1760s. This task engaged Solander until 1768, when he received an offer from Joseph Banks (1743–1820) to accompany him on HMS Endeavour to the Pacific.
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Zhang, X. D., W. J. Chen, C. Y. Li, and J. X. Liu. "Effects of protein-free energy supplementation on blood metabolites, insulin and hepatic PEPCK gene expression in growing lambs offered rice straw-based diet." Czech Journal of Animal Science 54, No. 11 (November 18, 2009): 481–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1763-cjas.
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This study was conducted to investigate the effects of increasing levels of protein-free energy supplementation on blood glucose, urea nitrogen, insulin and gene expression of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in growing lambs offered rice straw-based diet. Thirty-six male Hu lambs (3.5 months old) were divided into four equal groups according to body weight. All animals were fed rice straw<I> ad libitum</I> and supplemented with cornstarch at levels of 0 (control), 60, 120, and 180 g/day, respectively, along with 160 g/day of rapeseed meal. The trial lasted for 60 days with the first 15 days for adaptation. Body weight change and feed intake were recorded. Blood samples were taken at different time points after feeding at the end of the trial, and analyzed for blood glucose, total protein, urea nitrogen and insulin. Liver samples were collected and analysed for the mRNA abundance of hepatic PEPCK. Increasing cornstarch showed a low effect on rice straw intake, but increased average daily gain of lambs significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05). Blood glucose tended to increase with starch supplementation, but altered within a narrow range. Blood urea nitrogen was decreased significantly (<I>P</I> < 0.05) with increment in supplemental starch. Supplementation of starch at 120 or 180 g/day significantly increased the insulin concentration (<I>P</I> < 0.05) compared with the control. The abundance of cytosolic PEPCK (PEPCK-C) mRNA increased 2.47 times and 3.98 times with 60 and 120 g per day of starch supplementation compared with the control, respectively, while the supplementation of 180 g per day of starch showed a low effect on PEPCK-C gene expression (<I>P</I> > 0.05). Amounts of mitochondrial PEPCK (PEPCK-M) mRNA were not affected by the supplementation of starch at any level (<I>P</I> > 0.05). These results indicate that proper energy supplementation increases the expression of PEPCK-C, and consequently gluconeogenesis and blood glucose increase, while excessive energy may have an inhibitory effect on gluconeogenesis through insulin-involved mechanisms.
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Brunelli, Alessandro, Shanda H. Blackmon, Mert Sentürk, Vinicius Cavalheri, and Cecilia Pompili. "Patient-centred care in thoracic surgery: a holistic approach—A review of the subjects of enhanced recovery after surgery, rehabilitation, pain management and patient-reported outcome measures in thoracic surgery." Journal of Thoracic Disease 14, no. 2 (February 2022): 546–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/jtd-21-1763.
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Anisimov, M. Yu. "THE RUSSIAN PRISONERS OF WAR DURING SEVEN YEARS' WAR: TO STATEMENT OF A PROBLEM." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-2-5-13.
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The article is based on the still rare and scattered data on situation of the Russian prisoners in the Prussian captivity during Seven years' war of 1756-1763. On the basis of the published memoirs and single archival documents the author draws a conclusion on difference in keeping of captured officers and the lower ranks. The situation of the soldiers in captivity was very difficult; they were pressured to go into the Prussian service, they felt the need for clothing and warm rooms, some of the prisoners was forcibly sent to the Prussian army and, contrary to international agreements, remained there even after the end of the war.
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Bell, Robin J., Penelope J. Robinson, Raychel Barallon, Pamela Fradkin, Max Schwarz, and Susan R. Davis. "Lymphedema: experience of a cohort of women with breast cancer followed for 4 years after diagnosis in Victoria, Australia." Supportive Care in Cancer 21, no. 7 (February 24, 2013): 2017–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00520-013-1763-1.
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Czerny, Christoph, Andaleb Kholmukhamedov, Tom P. Theruvath, Eduardo N. Maldonado, Venkat K. Ramshesh, Mark Lehnert, Ingo Marzi, Zhi Zhong, and John J. Lemasters. "Minocycline Decreases Liver Injury after Hemorrhagic Shock and Resuscitation in Mice." HPB Surgery 2012 (June 7, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/259512.
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Patients that survive hemorrhage and resuscitation (H/R) may develop a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) that leads to dysfunction of vital organs (multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, MODS). SIRS and MODS may involve mitochondrial dysfunction. Under pentobarbital anesthesia, C57BL6 mice were hemorrhaged to 30 mm Hg for 3 h and then resuscitated with shed blood plus half the volume of lactated Ringer’s solution containing minocycline, tetracycline (both 10 mg/kg body weight) or vehicle. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), necrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress were assessed 6 h after resuscitation. Mitochondrial polarization was assessed by intravital microscopy. After H/R with vehicle or tetracycline, ALT increased to 4538 U/L and 3999 U/L, respectively, which minocycline decreased to 1763 U/L (P<0.01). Necrosis and TUNEL also decreased from 24.5% and 17.7 cells/field, respectively, after vehicle to 8.3% and 8.7 cells/field after minocycline. Tetracycline failed to decrease necrosis (23.3%) but decreased apoptosis to 9 cells/field (P<0.05). Minocycline and tetracycline also decreased caspase-3 activity in liver homogenates. Minocycline but not tetracycline decreased lipid peroxidation after resuscitation by 70% (P<0.05). Intravital microscopy showed that minocycline preserved mitochondrial polarization after H/R (P<0.05). In conclusion, minocycline decreases liver injury and oxidative stress after H/R by preventing mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Khokhlova, O. N., I. A. Ilyushkina, T. Kh Fatkhudinov, G. A. Slashcheva, Yu P. Baikova, G. B. Bol’shakova, T. B. Bukharova, et al. "Improvement of Cardiac Contractile Function in Rats with Postinfarction Cardiosclerosis after Transplantation of Mononuclear and Multipotent Stroma Bone Marrow Cells." Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine 153, no. 4 (August 2012): 545–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10517-012-1763-z.
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Rudolph, G., D. N. Gotthardt, P. Kloeters-Plachky, H. Kulaksiz, P. Schirmacher, and A. Stiehl. "In PSC with Colitis Treated with UDCA, Most Colonic Carcinomas Develop in the First Years After the Start of Treatment." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 56, no. 12 (June 9, 2011): 3624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10620-011-1763-2.
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Williford, Christa. "A Computer Reconstruction of Richelieu's Palais Cardinal Theatre, 1641." Theatre Research International 25, no. 3 (2000): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883300019696.
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A small, anonymous grisaille(Figure 1)from the collection of the Musée des Arts Décoratifs in Paris is among the more familiar images of seventeenth-century French theatre history. It depicts Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII, and other members of the royal family at the theatre. The setting for the scene is the Grande Salle of Richelieu's Parisian home, the Palais Cardinal. Designed by the palace architect Jacques Lemercier and completed in 1641, this theatre was among the first purpose-built proscenium theatres in France. In the 1660s it became the site of the public performances of Molière's most successful plays; after the playwright's death, it housed the Paris Opéra until a fire destroyed it in 1763.