Journal articles on the topic 'Africans Transplanted'
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1
Jilek, Wolfgang G. "Culture and Psychopathology Revisited." Culture 3, no. 1 (December 2, 2021): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1084158ar.
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The author presents examples of pathogenic influence of culture. He identifies specific pathogenic factors associated with rapid socio-cultural change affecting North American Indians and African populations and sketches the resulting typical psychopathological conditions: anomic depression in Amerindians, transient psychotic reactions (bouffée délirante) in Africans. Witchcraft and sorcery beliefs often characterize the clinical picture of psychotic reactions in “marginal” Africans and in transplanted South Europeans of tradition-directed background. Examples are provided which illustrate the emergence, metamorphosis and epidemic spreading of so-called “culture-bound syndromes” under changing socio-economic, cultural and political conditions. Ritualized possession and trance states, as well as religious rituals in general, are to be separated from psychopathological phenomena in order to avoid eurocentric and positivistic fallacies in psychiatric diagnosis.
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Rautenbach, Christa, and Willemien du Plessis. "African Customary Marriages in South Africa and the Intricacies of a Mixed Legal System: Judicial (In)novatio or Confusio?" Symposium: Mixed Jurisdictions 57, no. 4 (November 8, 2012): 749–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1013030ar.
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South Africa has a mixed legal system comprised of transplanted European laws (the core being Roman-Dutch law, subsequently influenced by English common law) and indigenous laws, referred to as customary law. This mix is also evident in South Africa’s marriage laws, which can roughly be divided into two categories: civil marriages or unions, and African customary marriages. Since 1994, the developments in these two categories of marriage have been revolutionary. The case law reads like a jurisprudential chronicle of factual situations never contemplated by the legislator, and the judiciary must resort to innovation to solve the intricacies of a constitutionalized mixed legal system. To deal with the challenges posed by the interaction of two seemingly equal legal systems in one legal sphere, the courts have followed a variety of approaches including legal positivism, the application of common law principles, and, more recently, the notion of transformative constitutionalism. The primary aim of this essay is to discuss the sometimes innovative and at other times confusing approaches followed by the judiciary in dealing with the complexities created by a mixed legal system, especially with regard to marriages between Africans.
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Brown, William. "Black (W)hole Foods: Okra, Soil and Blackness in The Underground Railroad (Barry Jenkins, USA, 2021)." Philosophies 7, no. 5 (October 14, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7050117.
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This essay analyses the role played by okra in The Underground Railroad, together with how it functions in relation to the soil that sustains it and which allows it to grow. I argue that okra represents an otherwise lost African past for both protagonist Cora and for the show in general and that this transplanted plant, similar to the transplanted Africans who endured the Middle Passage on the way to ‘New World’ slave plantations, survives by going through ‘black holes’, something that is not only linked poetically to the established trope of the otherwise absent Black mother but which also finds support from physics, where wormholes (similar to the holes created by worms in the soil) take us through black holes and into new worlds, realities or dimensions. This is reflected in Jenkins’s series (as well as Whitehead’s novel) by the titular Underground Railroad itself, which sees Cora and others disappear underground only to reappear in new states (the show travels from Georgia to South Carolina to North Carolina to Tennessee to Indiana and so on), as well as specifically in the show through the formal properties of the audio-visual (cinematic/televisual) medium, which, with its cuts and movements, similarly keeps shifting through space and time in a nonlinear but generative fashion. Finally, I suggest that we cannot philosophise the plant or the medium of film (or television or streaming media) without philosophising race, with The Underground Railroad serving as a means for bringing together plants and plantations, soil and wormholes and Blackness and black holes, which, collectively and playfully, I group under the umbrella term ‘black (w)hole foods’.
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Mazis, Christopher, Ioannis Politikos, Sean M. Devlin, Molly Maloy, Eric Davis, Candice Cooper, Melissa Nhaissi, et al. "Evaluation of Cord Blood (CB) Unit TNC & CD34+ Cell Content & Donor-Recipient High-Resolution 8 HLA-Allele Match By Patient Ancestry: An Evaluation of 513 CB Units in a Racially & Ethnically Diverse Population of Adults with Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 3342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116598.
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Abstract Introduction: Optimal CB unit selection guidelines recommend consideration of CD34+ cell dose & 8-allele donor-recipient HLA-match. How graft characteristics for these parameters vary by patient (pt) race/ ethnicity, however, is not known. Methods: We analyzed the infused graft & back-up unit cryopreserved total nucleated cell (TNC) x 107 & CD34+ x 105 cell content, the cell dose (incorporating pt weight), & 4-6/6 & 8-allele HLA-match by pt ancestry in CB transplant (CBT) recipients transplanted 1/2014-6/2018. Units were chosen based on banking practices (e.g. RBC depleted, standard cryo volumes), TNC & CD34+ dose & 4-6/6 & 8-allele HLA-match with dose usually taking priority over match given pt size at our center. The analysis included transplanted units (considered the best choice) & the next best high resolution typed back-up units (reserved but not shipped). Pt racial/ ethnic origins were prospectively obtained by detailed family history & grouped as previously described (Barker J. et al. BBMT 2010). Results: The characteristics of 513 units chosen for 136 CBT recipients by pt ancestry are shown (Table 1). Pts had highly diverse origins including 70 (51%) non-Europeans. The 513 units included 270 units infused as the graft (134 doubles & 2 singles) & 243 back-up units (109 pts had 2 back-ups, 25 pts had one & 2 had none). Thus, 4 best units were analyzed in 109 pts (all double unit recipients), 3 best in 25 pts (all doubles), & 1 unit in 2 pts (both singles). The median weight of the 136 pts was 81 kg. Asian pts (median 68 kg) had a lower weight than other groups. The median TNC content of units for the 66 European pts was higher than that for the 70 Non-Europeans (218 vs 196, p = 0.004). Units chosen for Northwestern (NW) Europeans had the highest median TNC content (235) with lower TNC content in units for Southern Europeans (202), Asian (193), African (191) & White Hispanic (189) pts. Units chosen for European pts also had a higher median CD34+ cell content (162) than Non-Europeans (138), p = 0.004. NW Europeans had units with a higher median CD34+ content (198) & the lowest CD34+ content were those for African (124) & Middle Eastern pts (124). When patient weight was considered, median TNC/kg dose per unit was similar in European and Non-European pts (2.7 vs 2.6, p = NS). Units for NW Europeans had the highest median TNC dose (3.0) whereas those for African pts had the lowest TNC dose (2.4). Units for Europeans had a higher median CD34+ dose (2.0) than Non-Europeans (1.7) although this difference was not significant (p = 0.15). Additionally, similar to TNC dose, median CD34+ dose was highest in units for NW European pts (2.2) & lowest in units chosen for African pts (1.5). 89% of chosen units were 4/6 HLA-matched with no differences between Europeans & non-Europeans. Furthermore, the median 8 allele HLA-match was 5/8 (range 2-8/8) with no overall differences between units for Europeans and Non-Europeans (p = NS). When only transplanted units were analyzed (Table 2), the median TNC & CD34+ contents were significantly lower in non-Europeans than Europeans (238 vs 216, p = 0.01 & 184 vs 160, p = 0.016). Overall, however, units received by Europeans vs non-European pts had similar TNC & CD34+ doses (p = NS). However, differences in the CD34+ content combined with differences in pt weights resulted in disparities in CD34+ doses by ancestry sub-group. NW Europeans (high weight, high CD34+ content) received the best CD34+ doses; lower CD34+ content in Asian pts was compensated for by their lower weight. African pts (high weight, low CD34+ content) received the lowest CD34+ doses. The median 8 allele HLA-match for all was 5/8 (range 3-8/8) with the exception of African pts [median 4/8 (range 3-7/8)]. Moreover, while 108 (40%) of transplanted units were 3-4/8 HLA-matched overall, there were marked differences between pt sub-groups with only 23% of units for NW Europeans being 3-4/8 vs 42% for southern Europeans, 46% for white Hispanics & 53% for Africans. Conclusions: While CB significantly extends transplant access to racial & ethnic minorities, differences in cellular content translates to many minority pts receiving lower dosed units. There are also marked racial/ ethnic differences in HLA-match grade with African pts the most likely to receive highly mismatched units. This data supports ongoing funding of public CB banks to further increase the inventory of high dosed & better matched units for all but especially racial & ethnic minority pts. Disclosures Shah: Janssen: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding. Kernan:National Cancer Institute: Research Funding.
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Petter, Margarida Maria Taddoni. "Por que estudar línguas africanas no Brasil?" Revista Extraprensa 11, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/extraprensa2018.144084.
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Foram muitas as línguas que o tráfico transatlântico transplantou para o Brasil, no entanto o estudo dessas línguas não atraiu muito a atenção dos estudiosos, que se dedicaram a outros aspectos da diversidade cultural africana, como religiões, danças, música, culinária etc. Este texto aborda as motivações que levaram pesquisadores, e linguistas em particular, a estudar (ou não) as línguas africanas entre nós, chamando a atenção para as duas vertentes desse estudo: as línguas que entraram em contato com o português no Brasil e as línguas que são faladas no continente africano. Examina-se, primeiramente, o contexto sociocultural que fomentou o interesse pelas questões linguísticas e que influenciou as análises feitas ao longo da história brasileira. Destaca-se a seguir a importância científica da investigação das línguas da África, tanto para para a linguística quanto para o conhecimento da humanidade.
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Landau, Loren B. "Transplants and Transients: Idioms of Belonging and Dislocation in Inner-City Johannesburg." African Studies Review 49, no. 2 (September 2006): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/arw.2006.0109.
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Abstract:South Africa's economic and political liberalization have engendered new patterns of immigration and urbanization that find South Africans and foreign migrants converging on the streets of inner-city Johannesburg. As they interact, citizens and non-nationals have developed competing idioms for relating to one another and the space they share. For South Africans, this often means appealing to a nativist idiom that locates commonality amidst an allochthonous citizenry while attempting to prohibit foreign transplantation. Non-nationals counter this with an idiom of permanent transit, a way of positioning themselves as outsiders lodged in a superior and unrooted state. These idioms represent competing visions for the inner city's future. For South Africans, the idiom is a generative node of modern nationalist formation. For those permanently passing through the city, it is an idiom of a denationalized “nowhereville.”
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Nasir, Salsabil Osman, Helen McCarthy, and Ihab Abdel-Rahim Mohamed Ahmed. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of New-onset Diabetes after Transplant in East Africans." Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and Transplantation 34, no. 4 (2023): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1319-2442.395449.
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Very little is known about the prevalence of new-onset diabetes after transplant (NODAT) in sub-Saharan and Eastern Africans. Most of the data are related to African Americans and to North and South Africans. The aims of this study were to examine the prevalence of NODAT in Sudanese renal transplant recipients, compare it with the published literature, and identify the risk factors for developing NODAT. In total, 150 patients who received a living-related kidney transplant between January 2015 and January 2016 were included in this study. Patients with diabetic nephropathy and pretransplant diabetes were excluded. Follow-up was for 2 years after the transplant. The variables studied were age, sex, body mass index, a family history of diabetes mellitus (DM), pretransplant steroid therapy, dyslipidemia, and hepatitis C virus infection. Twenty- three patients (15.3%) developed NODAT during the study period. The mean age of the patients who developed NODAT was 39 ± 14 years, and the mean time to develop NODAT was 5.78 ± 5.9 months. In the multivariate analysis, the risk factors for developing NODAT were a family history of DM (P = 0.01) and pretransplant steroid therapy (P = 0.01). The prevalence of NODAT in this study was 15.3%, which is in line with the reported literature from North Africa. However, it was significantly lower than the reported prevalence in African Americans.
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Arnesen, Victoria Smith, Susina Suntharalingam, Żaneta Matuszek, Shahin Sarowar, Stian Knappskog, Stein Atle Lie, David R. Liu, Mohummad Aminur Rahman, and Martha Chekenya. "Abstract 3996: A novel 13-basepair deletion in CSPG4/NG2 abrogates protein expression, glioblastoma proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo in mice." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 3996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-3996.
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Abstract Introduction: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent treatment resistant and poor prognosis primary brain tumor. Age-adjusted incidence among Caucasians is approx. twice that of Africans. Genetic changes in ethnicity may represent druggable targets for development of new treatments for GBM. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) with sequence homology to neuron-glial-2 (NG2), henceforth CSPG4/NG2, is a transmembrane proteoglycan that is upregulated in GBM, resulting in leaky neovasculature and high cell proliferation, and is independently prognostic for poor survival. Mechanisms regulating CSPG4/NG2 expression remain to be elucidated. Experiments: Tumor-derived DNA whole exome sequences (WES) from mixed American GBM patients (n=300) collected into the TCGA database and blood-derived DNA WES from controls (n = 2504) in the 1000 Genome database were analyzed for mutations in the CSPG4 gene by GATK-3.5. We used prime editing (PE) to introduce a 13-base pair (bp) deletion through design of PE guide RNA (n=27), screening GBM cells (n=14) for CSPG4/NG2 expression, transfecting and expanding PE cells, confirming editing using Sanger sequencing. We functionally characterized the mutation in PE cells and transplanted in orthotopic PDX mouse models compared to wild type (WT) and Cas9 control cells. Western blotting, BrdU proliferation assays, clonogenic- and wound healing assays were used to investigate function. Gelatin zymography assessed CSPG4/NG2 matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) cross-talk during invasion on mixed extracellular matrix- or collagen IV- coated transwells. Results: A novel 13bp frameshift deletion in exon 3 of the CSPG4 gene was identified from WES of GBM samples deposited in TCGA. The mutation was cancer specific (p<0.001). Comparison of frequency in various ethnicities revealed the mutation to be more frequent among African American GBM patients (p=0.019). We generated 3 clones heterozygous for the CSPG4/NG2 deletion in patient derived GBMs. A homozygous deletion was lethal to the cells. The 13bp deletion reduced CSPG4/NG2 expression by approx. 60%, slowed tumor cell proliferation compared to both WT (p<0.001) and Cas9 cells (p<0.0001). PE cells had significantly reduced colony formation (p<0.001), scratch wound healing (p<0.001), had a weaker invasive phenotype when challenged with collagen IV (p<0.001), and reduced cleavage of collagen I by MMP2 that was corroborated by RNAseq gene expression. Reduced growth of PE cells in vivo was verified by multiplex immunohistochemistry on ex vivo brain sections and identified biomarkers for differential tumor development. Tumor growth was reduced in vivo in mice. Conclusions: We identified a novel 13bp deletion in CSPG4/NG2 with phenotypic effect that could be used as a future molecular target in GBM treatment, and present the first successful application of PE in human GBM cells. Citation Format: Victoria Smith Arnesen, Susina Suntharalingam, Żaneta Matuszek, Shahin Sarowar, Stian Knappskog, Stein Atle Lie, David R. Liu, Mohummad Aminur Rahman, Martha Chekenya. A novel 13-basepair deletion in CSPG4/NG2 abrogates protein expression, glioblastoma proliferation and invasion in vitro and in vivo in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3996.
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Fingrut, Warren, Ioannis Politikos, Eric Davis, Stephanie Chinapen, Kristine Naputo, Christina Cho, Sergio A. Giralt, et al. "Racial Disparities in Access to Alternative Donor Allografts Persist in the Era of "Donors for All"." Blood 138, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2021): 423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2021-147329.
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Abstract Background: Understanding disparities in allograft access is a prerequisite to interpret outcomes. Moreover, while alternative donors extend access, the extent to which there are racial disparities in availability of optimal donors is not established. Methods: We evaluated access to alternative donor allografts (all other than HLA-identical sibling donors) in adults 19-65 years according to recipient ancestry over time between 1/2016-4/2021. During this period an 8/8 HLA allele-matched unrelated donor (URD) had priority followed by double unit cord blood (dCB) (usually preferred if < 60 years) or haploidentical donors with mismatched URDs being considered most recently. We examined access to any acceptable donor, as well as an optimal donor, by recipient ancestry. To determine trends over time, we compared early (1/2016-1/2018, 25 months), middle (2/2018-2/2020, 25 months), & pandemic (3/2020-4/2021, 14 months) time periods. Results: 592 adults (median 53.5 years, range 19-65) received alternative donor allografts. 374 (63%) had European & 218 (37%) non-European origins (66 African, 56 Asian, 55 White Hispanic, 41 other). Overall, 340 (56%) patients received 8/8 URD, 139 (23%) dCB, 69 (11%) haploidentical, & 44 (7%) 5-7/8 URD grafts with 14 (2%) patients having no graft. Europeans (263/374, 70%) mostly received 8/8 URD donors, whereas only one-third of non-Europeans (77/218, 35%) did (p < 0.01). Moreover, non-European patients were more likely than Europeans to receive HLA-disparate donors of all types: 36% of non-Europeans received dCB vs 16% of Europeans, 18% vs 8% for haploidentical donors, 10% vs 6% for 5-7/8 URD grafts. African ancestry patients (n = 66) were the least likely to receive 8/8 URDs (13/66, 20%) with 27/66 (41%) of them receiving dCB, 16/66 (24%) haploidentical, & 10/66 (15%) 5-7/8 URD grafts. When analyzing by period, the relative proportion of patients receiving allografts from 8/8 URDs, dCB, & haploidentical donors remained unchanged over time (Figure 1). However, while 14 patients (13 non-Europeans including 11 of African ancestry) had no graft, the utilization of 5-7/8 URDs (4% of alternative donor allografts 1/2016-1/2018, 8% 2/2018-2/2020, 14% 3/2020-4/2021) has decreased the "no graft" incidence to 1% of patients most recently (Figure 1). We then analyzed access to an "optimal donor" defined as an 8/8 URD < 35 years (Shaw et al., BBMT 2018), a dCB graft with each unit with a CD34+ dose > 1.5 x10^5/kg & > 4/8 HLA-match (Politikos et al., BBMT 2020), or a haploidentical donor < 40 years without recipient high titer donor-specific antibodies (McCurdy et al., Seminars in Hematology 2016 & others). Mismatched URDs were excluded based on lack of literature guiding an "optimal" definition. Of 8/8 URDs/ dCB/ haploidentical transplant recipients, 424/548 (77%) received an optimal donor with 269/340 (79%) URD, 94/139 (68%) dCB, & 61/69 (88%) haploidentical grafts being optimal. Transplanted non-Europeans were less likely to receive an optimal 8/8 URD / dCB / haploidentical donor than transplanted Europeans (67% vs 84%, p < 0.01) with White Hispanic & African patients having the lowest chances at 56% & 61%, respectively. Analysis of the 3 periods showed the likelihood that non-European patients received an optimal 8/8 URD / dCB / haploidentical donor is not improving: optimal allografts in 63% of non-Europeans vs 78% of Europeans 1/2016-1/2018, 68% vs 88% 2/2018-2/2020 & 68% vs 92% 3/2020-4/2021. Notably, the greatest disparity was seen at the pandemic's onset (3/2020-9/2020, Figure 2). Conclusion: Our data suggests access to 8/8 URDs for non-Europeans is not improving but utilization of all potential alternatives (dCB, haploidentical, 5-7/8 URD) is increasingly providing "donors for all". However, when incorporating the concept of an "optimal" 8/8 URD/ dCB/ haploidentical donor, there is a significant disparity in access to optimal donors for non-Europeans, with Africans & White Hispanics the least likely to receive an optimal graft. This disparity is also not improving, and worsened at the pandemic's onset. Optimization of dCB, haploidentical, & mismatched URD transplants, & recognition of optimal donor definitions for each, is critical to further improve allograft outcomes. Future studies must also investigate the extent to which futile 8/8 URD pursuits adversely impact non-European patient transplant outcomes. Figure 1 Figure 1. Disclosures Politikos: Merck: Research Funding; ExcellThera, Inc: Other: Member of DSMB - Uncompensated. Giralt: AMGEN: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; PFIZER: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; JENSENN: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GSK: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CELGENE: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; SANOFI: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; JAZZ: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Actinnum: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gyurkocza: Actinium Pharmaceutical Inc.: Research Funding. Perales: Omeros: Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria, Other; NexImmune: Honoraria; Nektar Therapeutics: Honoraria, Other; MorphoSys: Honoraria; Miltenyi Biotec: Honoraria, Other; Merck: Honoraria; Medigene: Honoraria; Kite/Gilead: Honoraria, Other; Karyopharm: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria, Other; Equilium: Honoraria; Cidara: Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Honoraria; Sellas Life Sciences: Honoraria; Servier: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria. Ponce: Ceramedix: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; CareDx: Consultancy, Honoraria; Kadmon pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Honoraria; Seres Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Generon Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy.
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KUMAR, RAKESH, NAVJYOT KAUR, and RANJIT SINGH. "Phenology, heat unit requirement and heat use efficiency of African marigold under year-round transplanting conditions of Punjab, India." Journal of Agrometeorology 25, no. 4 (November 30, 2023): 560–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v25i4.2299.
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The present study was conducted during 2021-22 and 2022-23 to study crop phenology, heat unit requirement and heat use efficiency (HUE) in African marigold under year-round transplanting at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The highest heat use efficiency for seed and flower production were recorded in crop transplanted in rainy season particularly in the month of August. Higher growing degree days (GDD) and photothermal units (PTU) for attaining bud visibility and 50 % flowering stages were recorded under spring and summer transplanting (February to June) due to longer day length conditions which forced the crop to witness shorter seed filling period with lesser seed yield and HUE. Optimum seed yield period in marigold (rainy season transplanting), however, recorded lesser GDD and PTU for attainment of bud visibility and 50 % flowering as compared to summer transplanting dates and consequently had longer seed filling period resulting in higher seed yield. Notably, GDD and PTU for seed filling period recorded higher values in rainy season transplanted crop as compared to crop transplanted in other seasons of year. Correlation studies were conducted to understand the role of weather variables for high seed yield obtained under rainy season transplanting. Seed yield in African marigold recorded the highest value of correlation with HUE for seed production (r2= 0.978) followed by GDD for seed filling period (r2= 0.810), HUE for flower production (r2= 0.787) and PTU for seed filling period (r2= 0.774), respectively. Apparently, mean temperature and sunshine hours during seed filling period are the most important determinants of seed yield in African marigold.
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Vita, Serena, Simona Gabrielli, Lucia Fontanelli Sulekova, Maurizio De Angelis, Francesco Alessandri, Francesco Pugliese, Franco Ruberto, et al. "Malaria in an asylum seeker paediatric liver transplant recipient: diagnostic challenges for migrant population." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.12541.
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Transplanted patients are particularly exposed to a major risk of infectious diseases due to prolonged immunosuppressive treatment. Over the last decade, the growing migration flows and the transplant tourism have led to increasing infections caused by geographically restricted organisms. Malaria is an unusual event in organ transplant recipients than can be acquired primarily or reactivation following immunosuppression, by transfusion of blood products or through the transplanted organ. We report a rare case of Plasmodium falciparum infection in a liver transplanted two years-old African boy who presented to one Italian Asylum Seeker Center on May 2019. We outlined hereby diagnostic challenges, possible aetiologies of post-transplantation malaria and finally we summarized potential drug interactions between immunosuppressive agents and antimalarials. This report aims to increase the attention to newly arrived migrants, carefully evaluating patients coming from tropical areas and taking into consideration also rare tropical infections not endemic in final destination countries.
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Stoop, Helena, and Andrew Hutchison. "Post-Commencement Finance - Domiciled Resident or Uneasy Foreign Transplant?" Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 20 (May 4, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2017/v20i0a1370.
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The 2008 Companies Act introduced a new business rescue regime into South African Company law, bringing it into line with trends in developed countries, particularly the United States. Indeed, it appears that the United States Chapter 11 model was followed in this process, introducing the business rescue concept as a legal transplant. Corporate law is well suited to legislative borrowing, but there are important caveats to bear in mind when doing so. In particular: the context and legal culture of the origin country may differ from those of the destination country. South Africa’s commercial environment is different from that of the United States, problematizing a transplant of Chapter 11’s concepts. Post-commencement finance will be used as a micro-study of this broader phenomenon, and this topic will be investigated with comparative reference to the United States position. It will be argued that an essential difference between the two procedures is the lack of legislatively mandated court oversight in South Africa. This impacts on the interests of creditors, as well as the availability of fresh finance. The result is problems in the implementation of the post-commencement finance provisions, which threaten the viability of this particular legal transplant.
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Sadikov, A. V. "African Element in Cuban Culture." Cuadernos Iberoamericanos 11, no. 4 (December 27, 2023): 124–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2409-3416-2023-11-4-124-143.
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Cuba is one of those countries of the Western Hemisphere whose culture has been, throughout all of their history, and still is at present, under the influence of a potent factor: that of the African origin of a large portion of their population. This factor has been most active in all main domains of the spiritual life of Cuban people: in religion, in the intense functioning of the Abakuá cult and other mystical cults of African origin; in music, in dozens of genres of dance and song among which the Cuban son is most conspicuous, and, particularly, in the creative works of A. García Caturla, A. Roldán and other composers that transplanted African rhythms and melodies into the realm of classical music. And, finally, the African element is vividly reflected in Cuban prose and poetry, in the works of A. Carpentier, N. Guillén and their followers.
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Sidley, P. "South African surgeon breaks transplant ban." BMJ 311, no. 7000 (July 29, 1995): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.7000.280.
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Ballantine, Christopher. "Concert and Dance: the foundations of black jazz in South Africa between the twenties and the early forties." Popular Music 10, no. 2 (May 1991): 121–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000004475.
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The explosive development of a jazz-band tradition in South African cities from the 1920s – closely allied to the equally rapid maturation of a vaudeville tradition which has been in existence at least since the First World War – is one of the most astonishing features of urban-black culture in that country in the first half of the century. Surrounded by myriad other musics – styles forged by migrant workers; traditional styles transplanted from the countryside to the mines; petty bourgeois choral song; music of the church and of western-classical provenance – jazz and vaudeville quickly established themselves as the music which represented and articulated the hopes and aspirations of the most deeply urbanised sectors of the African working class.
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Taber, David J., Mulugeta Gebregziabher, Titte Srinivas, Leonard E. Egede, and Prabhakar K. Baliga. "Transplant Center Variability in Disparities for African-American Kidney Transplant Recipients." Annals of Transplantation 23 (February 16, 2018): 119–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/aot.907226.
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Chiasson, H., and S. B. Hill. "Population density, development and behaviour of Diopsis longicornis and D. apicalis (Diptera: Diopsidae) on rice in the Republic of Guinée." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 1 (March 1993): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300041729.
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AbstractThe behaviour and pest status of the rice stem borers Diopsis longicornis Macquart and D. apicalis Dalman were investigated in the Republic of Guinée, particularly during the dry season. The variables were direct seeded and transplanted rice, and three (1988, 1989) and four (1987) planting dates. Transplanted rice was damaged nearly three times more than direct seeded rice in the dry season, but no significant difference was detected during the wet season. As previously observed in other West African countries, D.apicalis only occasionally damages rice in Guinée. Contrary to findings elsewhere, D. longicornis was not an important pest of Guinean rice, infesting only 5% and 3% of stems over the three dry and the two wet seasons, respectively. However, year round rice production could promote build up of the diopsid population if dry season planting is not sufficiently delayed (45 days) after the last rains of the wet season.
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Lee, Sinda S., Andromachi Scaradavou, Rebecca M. Hawke, Kathleen A. Webb, Deborah S. Wells, Michelle Abboud, Esperanza B. Papadopoulos, Nancy A. Kernan, and Juliet N. Barker. "Cord Blood (CB) Extends Transplant Access to Racial and Ethnic Minorities: A Prospective Study of 309 Unrelated Searches in Patients with High-Risk Hematologic Malignancies." Blood 112, no. 11 (November 16, 2008): 2996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v112.11.2996.2996.
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Abstract Strict HLA-match using high resolution typing for HLA-A,B,C,DRB1 improves unrelated volunteer donor (URD) hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant outcome but limits the number of suitable donors. In contrast, CB transplantation (CBT) is associated with a greatly reduced HLA-match requirement which may extend the donor pool. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated donor availability in 309 patients [median age 46 (range 1–71 years)] with high-risk hematologic malignancies between 10/05–5/08 with the hypothesis that CB would extend transplant access. Adequate donor-recipient HLAmatch was ≥/10 HLA-A,B,C,DRB1,DQ alleles for a T cell depleted or ≥9/10 alleles for an unmodified URD graft. Adequate CB units were ≥4/6 HLA-A,B antigen, DRB1 allele matched and ≥1.5 × 107/nucleated cells/kg/unit and double unit grafts were used to augment engraftment. URDs had priority as HSC source; CB was chosen if no suitable URD was available in the required time period. While 28 patients with suitable URDs had no CB search, the results of the 281 patients with both URD and CB formal search/confirmatory typing are shown in Table 1. This combined search group had highly diverse ancestry with only 60 (21%) of northwestern (NW) European origin and 99 (35%) were non-European. 9–10/10 URDs were available for the majority of NW, Eastern and mixed Europeans but not for Southern or non-European patients. Notably, CB extended HSC availability to all and especially Southern European, Asian, African, and Hispanic patients with no Asian patient being without a CB graft. Table 1: Comparison of Formal Search for Both URD and CB by Patient Ancestry Best URD NW Europe (n=60) East Europe (n=40) South Europe (n=39) Mix: Europe (n=43) Asian (n=19) African (n=33) Hispanic (n=36) Middle East (n=6) Mix: Non-Europe (n=5) 9–10/10 53 (88%) 33 (82%) 23 (59%) 31 (72%) 4 (21%) 14 (42%) 16 (44%) 5 (83%) 3 (60%) ≤8/10 7 (12%) 7 (18%) 16 (41%) 12 (28%) 15 (79%) 19 (58%) 20 (56%) 1(17%) 2 (40%) Best CB 5–6/6 48 (80%) 30 (75%) 20 (51%) 30 (70%) 14 (74%) 19 (58%) 22 (61%) 4 (67%) 4 (80%) 4/6 11 (18%) 8 (20%) 13 (33%) 12 (28%) 5 (26%) 6 (18%) 10 (28%) 2 (33%) 0 (0%) No CB 1 (2%) 2 (5%) 6 (16%) 1 (2%) 0 (0%) 8 (24%) 4 (11%) 0 (0%) 1 (20%) The ancestry of the 201 patients who were transplanted and the 15 not transplanted due to lack of suitable graft is shown in Table 2. The remaining 93 patients were not transplanted for other reasons. Table 2: Patient Ancestry if Transplanted or No Graft 8–10/10 URD (n=149) 4–6/6 CB (n=52) No graft (n=15) NW Europe 47 (32%) 4 (8%) 1 (7%) East Europe 27 (18%) 6 (12%) 0 (0%) South Europe 15 (10%) 8 (15%) 3 (20%) Mix:Europe 27 (18%) 8 (15%) 1 (7%) Asian 6 (4%) 7 (13%) 0 (0%) African 11 (7%) 10 (19%) 6 (40%) Hispanic 10 (7%) 8 (15%) 3 (20%) Middle East 5 (3%) 1 (2%) 0 (0%) Mix:Non-Europe 1 (1%) 0 (0%) 1 (7%) URD transplant recipients were predominantly (68%) NW, Eastern, or mixed European with Asian, African and Hispanic patients combined accounting for only 18%. In contrast, only 4 (8%) of CBT recipients were NW European. While these patients received CB due to urgency (n=1), patient preference (n=1), or MD preference over mismatched URD (n=2), the remaining 48 (92%) of CBT recipients including 15% Southern Europeans and 49% non-Europeans (13% Asian, 19% African, 15% Hispanic, 2% Middle Eastern) did not have other donor options. Of 15 patients (5% of the 309 total) not transplanted due to lack of any HSC source 10 were non-European including 6 of African ancestry. Notably, the median weight of this “no graft” group [87kg (range 66–151)] was significantly higher than CBT [70kg (range 13–109)] recipients (p<0.01) partially accounting for their lack of suitable CB grafts. In summary, URD transplantation predominantly serves patients of NW, Eastern and mixed European ancestry with many Southern and non-Europeans having no suitable URD. In contrast, CB significantly extends transplant access to all but especially to both Southern and non-Europeans. Patients of African ancestry are the most challenged to secure a suitable HSC source. This data is compelling support for increased funding of public CB banking and suggests that CB has the greatest potential to fulfill the promise of being able to offer allograft to all regardless of race.
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THAKAR SINGH, KALU SINGH DAHIYA, and M.S. SlDHU. "Effect of genotype, seedling age and row spacing on performance of transplanted African mustard (Brassica carinata) under late-sown conditions." Indian Journal of Agronomy 51, no. 3 (October 10, 2001): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v51i3.5013.
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A field experiment was conducted during the winter (rabi) seasons of 2001-02 and 2002-03 at Ludhiana, to evaluate the performance of transplanted African mustard (Brassica carinata A. Braun) under late sown condi- tions. Genotype 'PC 5-17' gave 5% higher seed yield than 'PC 5'. Leaf-area index, secondary brancheslplant, siliquaelplant, oil content, oil yield and net returns were significantly more in genotype 'PC 5-17' compared to 'PC 5'. The row spacing of 20, 30 and 40 cm resulted in similar seed yield during both the years. Transplanting of 45 days old seedlings resulted in 34.5% higher seed yield than direct seeding. Transplanting of seedlings of 30 and 60 days age also gave 27.8 and 33.5% respectively higher seed yield than direct seeding. Leaf-area index, number of primary and secondary brancheslplant, siliquaelplant, oil yield, protein yield and net returns were sig- nificantly higher in transplanted crop than direct-seeded ones.
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Manton, MSW, Bradley, and Caroline Jennette Poulton, MSW. "African-American Attitudes Toward Kidney Transplant: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Nephrology Social Work 37, no. 1 (October 1, 2013): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.61658/jnsw.v37i1.75.
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Racial disparities in kidney transplantation continue to persist despite voluminous studies attempting to address this problem. We conducted 26 semi-structured, one-on-one interviews with African-American and Caucasian dialysis patients to analyze whether or not there is a difference in attitudes toward kidney transplantation and whether or not this contributes to these disparities. Pre-dialysis education strongly correlates with a person’s willingness to get listed, while fear of surgery and care of the transplanted kidney, and interaction with peers who have gone through a failed kidney transplant, decrease the chances of getting listed. Subjects did not report racial bias in being referred or worked up for transplant. African Americans were more likely to weigh the pros and cons of transplants while Caucasians were more likely to see dialysis as temporary and viewed transplant as the default treatment for their kidney failure. All dialysis patients, but especially African Americans, may benefit from transplant education tailored to address specific patient concerns.
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Barker, Juliet N., Kirsten Boughan, Parastoo B. Dahi, Sean M. Devlin, Molly A. Maloy, Kristine Naputo, Christopher M. Mazis, et al. "Racial disparities in access to HLA-matched unrelated donor transplants: a prospective 1312-patient analysis." Blood Advances 3, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 939–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2018028662.
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Abstract Availability of 8/8 HLA-allele matched unrelated donors (URDs) is a barrier for ethnic and racial minorities. We prospectively evaluated receipt of 8/8 HLA-allele matched URD or either 7/8 URD or cord blood (CB) transplants by patient ancestry from 2005 to 2017. Matched URDs were given priority if they were available. Of 1312 patients, 723 (55%) received 8/8 URD, 219 (17%) 7/8 URD, 319 (24%) CB, and 51 (4%) had no 7/8 or 8/8 URD or CB graft. Europeans were more likely to receive an 8/8 URD transplant than non-Europeans (67% vs 33%) and less likely to have no URD or CB graft (1% vs 9%). Southern Europeans received 8/8 URD transplants (41%) at rates similar to those of Asians (34%) and white Hispanics (35%); Africans were the least likely (18%) to undergo 8/8 URD transplantation. CB and 7/8 URDs extended transplant access to all groups. In 742 recent patients, marked racial disparity in 8/8 URD access between groups observed in earlier years persisted with only a modest increase in the percentage of 8/8 URD transplants. Of 78 recent African patients, 46% received a CB transplant and 14% had no 7/8 or 8/8 URD or CB graft. Increasing registry size has not resolved the racial disparity in URD access, which emphasizes the importance of alternative graft sources.
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Pallet, Nicolas, Eric Thervet, Corinne Alberti, Violaine Emal-Aglae, Janine Bedrossian, Frank Martinez, Carine Roy, and Christophe Legendre. "Kidney Transplant in Black Recipients: Are African Europeans Different from African Americans?" American Journal of Transplantation 5, no. 11 (November 2005): 2682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.01057.x.
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Garibaldi, A., A. Minuto, and M. L. Gullino. "Fusarium Wilt of African Daisy (Osteospermum sp.) Caused by Fusarium oxysporum in Italy." Plant Disease 88, no. 3 (March 2004): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.3.309a.
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During the fall of 2002, African daisy (Osteospermum sp.) plants showing symptoms of a wilt disease were observed in a commercial, nonheated glasshouse in Albenga in northern Italy. Wilted plants were first observed when outside temperatures were between 15 and 28°C. Symptoms were first observed on seedlings 40 days after they had been transplanted into pots. The vascular tissues of affected plants appeared brown. These plants were stunted and developed yellowed leaves with brown or black streaks in the vascular system. The vascular streaks in the yellow leaves extended from the crown and were continuous with a brown discoloration in the vascular system of the crown and upper taproot. Fusarium oxysporum was consistently and readily isolated from symptomatic vascular tissue onto a Fusarium-selective medium (1). Healthy, rooted, 40-day-old plants were inoculated by root-dip with a conidial suspension (1 × 107 CFU/ml) of three isolates of F. oxysporum obtained from infected plants and transplanted into pots filled with steam-sterilized soil. Noninoculated plants served as control treatments. Plants (10 per treatment) were grown in a glasshouse at an average temperature of 25°C (minimum of 12°C and maximum of 39°C). Wilt symptoms and vascular discoloration in the roots, crown, and veins developed within 20 days on each inoculated plant, while noninoculated plants remained healthy. F. oxysporum was consistently reisolated from infected plants. The pathogenicity test was conducted twice. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. oxysporum on Osteospermum sp. in Italy or elsewhere in the world. Reference: (1) H. Komada. Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 8:114, 1975.
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McGee, J., V. Mave, C. L. Yau, M. Killackey, A. Paramesh, J. Buell, D. P. Slakey, L. L. Hamm, and R. Zhang. "Cytomegalovirus disease in African-American kidney transplant patients." Transplant Infectious Disease 14, no. 6 (December 2012): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3062.2012.00759.x.
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Ndeunyema, Ndjodi. "Reforming the Purposes of Sentencing to Affirm African Values in Namibia." Journal of African Law 63, no. 3 (October 2019): 329–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855319000275.
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AbstractThis article considers the current sentencing purposes in Namibia. It discusses the legislator's failure to articulate these purposes, leaving this to the judiciary, and identifies the dangers that arise from this legislative lacuna. It establishes that current sentencing purposes are fundamentally premised upon a retributivist philosophy, transplanted into Namibia during the colonial period. The article thus advocates for sentencing reform, aimed at restoring a paradigm based on African values. It does so by analysing African indigenous justice systems, using Ubuntu as an Afrocentric value. The article establishes how Ubuntu is contemporarily mirrored by restorative notions of justice that prioritize victims, offenders and the community, thereby asserting sentencing purposes that promote reconciliation, reparation and offender re-integration. In juxtaposing this with other sentencing purposes, the article critiques comparable jurisdictions that have recently incorporated restorative justice and proposes a set of draft sentencing purposes in the appendix.
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Brownell, A. J. J., A. C. De Jager, and C. F. M. Madlala. "Applying First-World Psychological Models and Techniques in a Third-World Context." School Psychology International 8, no. 1 (January 1987): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014303438700800105.
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Aspects of the indigenous healing system in contemporary South African society Anthropological research in recent years has clearly shown that health service programmes of technologically advanced societies cannot simply be transplanted to developing societies without taking specific cultural factors into account (Loudon, 1976; Kleinman, 1980; Jansen, 1982). The extensive practice of traditional healing in South Africa has long been established and appears to be gaining momentum (Holdstock, 1979). The different needs of First- and Third-world peoples within South Africa, as manifested in the existence of cultural-specific mental health care and educational systems, are indeed compelling reasons for examining the situation.
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MEIER-KRIESCHE, HERWIG-ULF, AKINLOLU O. OJO, ALAN B. LEICHTMAN, JEFFREY D. PUNCH, JULIE A. HANSON, DIANE M. CIBRIK, and BRUCE KAPLAN. "Effect of Mycophenolate Mofetil on Long-Term Outcomes in African American Renal Transplant Recipients." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 11, no. 12 (December 2000): 2366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v11122366.
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Abstract. African American renal transplant recipients have poorer graft survival. A study using the United States Renal Data Registry documented an improvement in graft survival for patients who took mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) compared with azathioprine (AZA). This analysis did not address the impact of MMF on African American renal transplant recipients. The present study aimed to quantify potential beneficial effects of MMF therapy on long-term renal allograft survival in African Americans. With the use of the United States Renal Data Registry, all adult Caucasian and African American patients who had received a primary renal transplant between 1988 and 1997 were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. Primary study end points were death with a functioning graft and graft failure censored for death. A total of 57,926 patients were studied. For African Americans, 3-yr patient survival was 96.3 versus 93.2% (P < 0.001) for MMF and AZA, respectively. Three-yr death-censored graft survival for African Americans was 85.8 versus 75.1% (P < 0.001) for MMF and AZA, respectively. For Caucasians, 3-yr patient survival was 97.3 versus 93.2% for MMF and AZA, respectively. Three-yr death-censored graft survival for Caucasians was 90.1 versus 86.4% (P < 0.001) for MMF and AZA, respectively. By multivariate analysis, MMF was associated with a significant reduction in the relative risk for all study end points in African Americans. MMF therapy is associated with both improved patient and death-censored graft survival in African American renal transplant recipients. This benefit is comparable to the benefit of MMF in Caucasian renal transplant recipients.
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Orure, Roselyne Awino, Peter Kipkosgei Sirmah, and Thomas Kibiwot Matonyei. "Survival and Growth of Olive Tree (Olea africana) Seedlings Under Open Field Conditions is Enhanced in Hydrogel Amended Soils Media, Teso Subcounty, Kenya." East African Journal of Forestry and Agroforestry 5, no. 1 (October 24, 2022): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37284/eajfa.5.1.899.
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The rapid decline of timber from natural forests against increasing domestic demand for wood products has caused a steady increase in timber prices in Kenya. Recently, research and development institutions have recognized the ecological and economic value of indigenous tree species and therefore have emphasized the importance of their future production on private smallholder farms rather than in large plantations. This situation has been worsened by climate changes such as the frequent high intensity of prolonged droughts and the nature of soils with poor water retention capacity. As a result, unplanted forest regeneration sites have increased hence a need for re-afforestation of these sites to meet the target for the plantation industry. Therefore, there is a need for mass production of Olea africana seedlings for reforestation programs. One such approach is the application of hydrogels or synthetic polymer organic combinations capable of improving the water and nutrient retention of the soil that can support seedling growth. This study sought to investigate the effects of hydrogel application on selected growth characteristics of O. africana. Seeds were germinated and transferred into two sets of tubes of the same size arranged in a complete randomized block design (CRBD) experiment. The sets were subjected to different levels of hydrogel concentration. Under (0gm as control) and 7gm, 14gm, and 21gm) concentration levels of hydrogel mixed with soil in open field conditions. The height and shoot collar diameter of germinated seedlings were measured every two weeks for two months. The survival of O. africana seedlings decreased with time for all treatments irrespective of the addition of hydrogels with the highest (85%) survival of seedlings on soils mixed with 21gm of hydrogel compared to 0gm hydrogel that recorded (15% survival) eight weeks after transplanting. Application of different levels of hydrogel on soils had a significant influence on the survival of transplanted O. africana seedlings (p˂0.05). Generally, the height of O. africana seedlings increased with time for all types of treatments (0, 7, 14 and 21gm of hydrogel); however, the rate of growth of seedlings was highest (0.667cm /week) on soils treated with 21gm of hydrogel and least (0.33cm/week) on 0gm hydrogel. The shoot collar diameter of O. africana seedlings increased with time for all types of treatments (0, 7, 14 and 21gm of hydrogel); however, the average shoot collar diameter of O. africana seedlings was highest (0.088mm/week) on soils inoculated with 21gm hydrogel and least (0.066mm/week) on soils not inoculated with hydrogel. These results imply that a higher dose of hydrogel significantly enhances the survival and growth characteristics (height and shoot collar diameter) of transplanted seedlings by improving the water-holding capacity of soil and making it available for plant uptake during dry conditions. Hydrogels can therefore be used to amend soils for a sustainable mass regeneration of tropical timber species for reforestation programs, increased forest cover and restoration of biodiversity in Kenya
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Minja, Emmanuel J., Miguel Tan, Melissa J. Gibbs, Marwan M. Kazimi, Jonathan C. Hundley, and Harrison S. Pollinger. "Massive Leiomyomatous Uterine Proliferation Following Kidney Transplantation: A Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Transplantation 2018 (November 28, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3874937.
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Uterine fibroids are the most common benign uterine tumors affecting > 50% of premenopausal women. The incidence, burden and symptoms from uterine fibroids are higher in women of African descent compared to Caucasians. Despite increasing number of African American females being evaluated for and undergoing kidney transplantation (KT), perioperative management guidelines for uterine fibroids currently do not exist. We present a case of a 40 y/o African American female with known symptomatic uterine fibroids preoperatively and medically managed, who underwent a successful KT and 4 years later progressively developed massive leiomyomatous uterine proliferation, causing a complete lateral displacement of the transplanted kidney with severe hydronephrosis, transplant ureteral obstruction and secondary urinary tract infections with bacteremia. This obstruction required a percutaneous nephrostomy tube placement followed by an interval transabdominal hysterectomy, which was complicated by transplant ureteral transection requiring ureteral reimplantation, resulting in prolonged hospitalization, follow-up and outpatient antibiotic regimen. There is a need for management guidelines for uterine fibroids incidentally encountered during the KT evaluation process to avoid similar preventable post-KT complications in patient populations most commonly affected. Literature review and perioperative management/surveillance strategies are provided.
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Nsubuga, John Paul, Daniela Goyes, Hirsh D. Trivedi, Esli Medina-Morales, Vilas Patwardhan, and Alan Bonder. "Waitlist Mortality and Posttransplant Outcomes in African Americans with Autoimmune Liver Diseases." Journal of Transplantation 2021 (August 3, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6692049.
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Background. Liver transplantation is indicated in end-stage liver disease due to autoimmune diseases. The liver allocation system can be affected by disparities such as decreased liver transplant referrals for racial minorities, especially African Americans that negatively impact the pre- and posttransplant outcomes. Aim. To determine differences in waitlist survival and posttransplant graft survival rates between African American and Caucasian patients with autoimmune liver diseases. Study. The United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify all patients with autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis who underwent liver transplant from 1988 to 2019. We compared waitlist survival and posttransplant graft survival between Caucasians and African Americans using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox regression models. We also evaluated the cumulative incidence of death or delisting for deterioration and posttransplant incidence of death and retransplantation using competing risk analysis. Results. African Americans were more likely to be removed from the waitlist for death or clinical deterioration (subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 1.26, 95% CI 1–1.58, P = 0.046 ) using competing risk analysis. On multivariate Cox regression analysis, there was no difference in posttransplant graft survival among the two groups (hazard ratio (HR) 1.10, 95% CI 0.98–1.23, P = 0.081 ). Conclusions. Despite the current efforts to reduce racial disparities, we found that African Americans are more likely to die on the waitlist for liver transplant and are less likely to be transplanted, with no differences in graft survival rates. The persistence of healthcare disparities continues to negatively impact African Americans.
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Poplack, Shana, and Sali Tagliamonte. "African American English in the diaspora: Evidence from old-line Nova Scotians." Language Variation and Change 3, no. 3 (October 1991): 301–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954394500000594.
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ABSTRACTIn this article, we describe a new research project on African Nova Scotian English (ANSE), a variety spoken by descendants of African American slaves who immigrated to Nova Scotia in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Subsequent segregation from surrounding populations has created a situation favoring retention of the vernacular, in conjunction with Standard English. In addition to providing the first systematic linguistic documentation of ANSE, we detail the characteristics of the Canadian scenario that make it an ideal test of the creole-origins and divergence hypotheses: in particular, that, more clearly than other African American English varieties that evolved independently in the diaspora, the Canadian situation has featured no creole influence. This fact can effectively date the occurrence of any creole-like features in contemporary ANSE (and, by extension, other varieties of African American Vernacular English [AAVE]) to (at least) the late 18th century, an important time-depth characterization. We then present the results of a series of quantitative analyses of linguistically diagnostic features and compare them to those obtained for (1) another transplanted variety of African American English (Samaná English) and (2) a prototype variety (the Ex-slave Recordings), and note the striking similarities among them. The results militate in favor of a genetic relationship among ANSE and its counterparts as a common precursor of contemporary varieties, thereby providing the first methodologically consistent cross-linguistic comparison of three distinct vestiges of “early” African American English, and contributing missing links in the history and development of AAVE.
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Sharief, Shimi, Shefali Mahesh, Marcela Del Rio, Vivian Telis, and Robert P. Woroniecki. "Recurrent Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis in Renal Allograft Recipients: Role of Human Leukocyte Antigen Mismatching and Other Clinical Variables." International Journal of Nephrology 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/506805.
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Recurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) after renal transplantation impacts long-term graft survival and limits access to transplantation. We hypothesized that HLA donor/recipient matching could be used as a surrogate marker of recurrence. In a retrospective study of 42 pediatric and 77 adult subjects with primary FSGS, transplanted from 1990 to 2007 at a single center, we analyzed the degree of donor/recipient HLA compatibility and other clinical variables associated with FSGS recurrence. There were total of 131 allografts for primary FSGS (11 subjects were transplanted twice, and 1 had a third allograft) with 20 cases of FSGS recurrence (17 children) in the primary allograft, and two children who had FSGS recurrence in the second allograft. Fifty-two subjects (40%) were African American, and 66 (50%) Caucasians. Recurrent FSGS and controls were not different for age at transplant, gender, donor source, acute/chronic rejection episodes, and HLA matches. Recurrent FSGS was not associated with HLA mismatches; power equals 83%. Immunosuppressive regimen had no effect on recurrence of FSGS, . Recurrent FSGS is not associated with HLA mismatching, acute cellular or vascular rejection, and occurs primarily in the pediatric population.
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Kumar, Dhiraj, B. P. Singh, and Viveka Nand Singh. "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Flowering Behaviour and Yield of African Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) Cv. African Giant Double Orange." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2009): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v4i2.530.
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A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, flowering behaviour and yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) at the main experiment station, Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Faizabad, during 2004 and 2005 in Randomized Block Design. There were thirteen treatments involving two biofertilizers, viz., Azotobacter and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and two levels of nitrogen and phosphorus, viz., (50% and 100%), farm yard manure (FYM) and control (recommended dose of NPK., i.e., 200:100:100 kg/ha). One month old seedlings were transplanted at a spacing of 40 x 30 cm. Results revealed that combined application of Azotobacter and PSB with FYM and 50% recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly improved growth, flowering behavior and yield during both years (2004 and 2005). Application of Azotobacter + PSB + FYM @ 30 ha-1 + nitrogen @ 100 ha-1 and phosphorus @ 50 kg/ha was found to be best for growth, flowering behaviour and yield of cv. African Giant Double Orange.
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Augustine, Joshua J., David S. Siu, Michael J. Clemente, James A. Schulak, Peter S. Heeger, and Donald E. Hricik. "Pre-Transplant IFN-gamma ELISPOTs Are Associated with Post-Transplant Renal Function in African American Renal Transplant Recipients." American Journal of Transplantation 5, no. 8 (August 2005): 1971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-6143.2005.00958.x.
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Maredia, H., M. Bowring, A. Massie, S. Oyetunji, C. Merlo, R. Higgins, D. Segev, and E. Bush. "Young African American Heart Transplant Recipients Have an Elevated Risk of Post-Transplant Mortality." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 36, no. 4 (April 2017): S190—S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.500.
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Denisov, V., and V. Zakharov. "The latest trends in clinical transplantation on the results of the World Congress of Transplantation (26-31.07.2014, San Francisco, USA)." Cell and Organ Transplantology 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2014): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22494/cot.v2i2.27.
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The World Congress of Transplantation was held on 26.07-31.07.2014 in San Francisco (USA). There were presented 3090 reports, among them 2073 (70 %) were in clinical transplantation, including renal transplantation – 1,089 reports, liver transplantation – 495, heart transplantation – 71, lungs transplantation – 35, and pancreas transplantation – 11. An overall increase in transplant activity was observed, especially significant in a number of African countries (Tunisia, Sudan, and Nigeria), Thailand, Qatar, Iran, Brazil and a significant improvement in the results of transplantation, promoting longevity of transplant recipients with good quality of life. As one of many examples can be childbirth in women with a heart transplanted in early childhood.
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&NA;. "RAPID STEROID WITHDRAWAL IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN KIDNEY TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS." Transplantation 82, Suppl 2 (July 2006): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200607152-01335.
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Shetty, Aneesha A., Ibrahim Tawhari, Luisa Safar-Boueri, Nay Seif, Ameen Alahmadi, Richard Gargiulo, Vikram Aggarwal, et al. "COVID-19–Associated Glomerular Disease." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 32, no. 1 (November 19, 2020): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.2020060804.
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BackgroundStudies have documented AKI with high-grade proteinuria in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In some patients, biopsies have revealed collapsing glomerulopathy, a distinct form of glomerular injury that has been associated with other viruses, including HIV. Previous patient reports have described patients of African ancestry who developed nephrotic-range proteinuria and AKI early in the course of disease.MethodsIn this patient series, we identified six patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), AKI, and nephrotic-range proteinuria. COVID-19 was diagnosed by a positive nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 infection. We examined biopsy specimens from one transplanted kidney and five native kidneys. Three of the six patients underwent genetic analysis of APOL1, the gene encoding the APOL1 protein, from DNA extracted from peripheral blood. In addition, we purified genomic DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue and performed APOL1 genotype analysis of one of the native biopsies and the donor kidney graft.ResultsAll six patients were of recent African ancestry. They developed COVID-19–associated AKI with podocytopathy, collapsing glomerulopathy, or both. Patients exhibited generally mild respiratory symptoms, and no patient required ventilator support. Genetic testing performed in three patients confirmed high-risk APOL1 genotypes. One APOL1 high-risk patient developed collapsing glomerulopathy in the engrafted kidney, which was transplanted from a donor who carried a low-risk APOL1 genotype; this contradicts current models of APOL1-mediated kidney injury, and suggests that intrinsic renal expression of APOL1 may not be the driver of nephrotoxicity and specifically, of podocyte injury.ConclusionsGlomerular disease presenting as proteinuria with or without AKI is an important presentation of COVID-19 infection and may be associated with a high-risk APOL1 genotype.
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Labuschagne, Marelize, Victor Wepener, Milen Nachev, Sonja Zimmermann, Bernd Sures, and Nico J. Smit. "The Application of Artificial Mussels in Conjunction with Transplanted Bivalves to Assess Elemental Exposure in a Platinum Mining Area." Water 12, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010032.
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There is increasing evidence that platinum group elements (PGE) are pollutants of emerging concern worldwide. Limited information exists on levels, particularly in regions where PGEs are mined. A passive sampling device (i.e., the artificial mussel (AM)) and transplanted indicator organisms (i.e., the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminalis africana) were deployed along a PGE mining gradient in the Hex River, South Africa, and concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Pt, V, and Zn were determined after six weeks of exposure. Results showed differential uptake patterns for Pt, Cr, and Ni between the AMs and clams indicating availability differences. For monitoring purposes, a combination of AMs and indicator organisms provides a more holistic assessment of element exposure in aquatic environments.
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Araújo, Matheus da Silva, Cleiton da Silva Oliveira, José Eduardo Dias Calixto Júnior, Vitor Corrêa de Mattos Barretto, and Fabricio Rodrigues. "Fósforo no crescimento inicial de mogno-africano." Advances in Forestry Science 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 1301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34062/afs.v8i1.9728.
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Objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial de plantas mogno-africano (Khaya senegalensis A. Juss), adubadas com fósforo. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, em recipientes de plásticos com capacidade de 7 dm3 e utilizado como substrato amostras de solo identificado como Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo distrófico. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições, totalizando 30 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de cinco doses de P: 0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 mg dm-3, sendo a fonte de adubação utilizada o superfosfato triplo. Aos 180 dias de transplantio, foram aferidos a altura da planta, o diâmetro do coleto, matéria seca de folhas, caule, raiz, e total, teor de P nas folhas e teor de P no solo. As doses de fósforo promoveram aumento no crescimento das plantas. O mogno-africano apresentou exigência em fósforo nas fases iniciais de crescimento para a condição edafoclimática estudada. A melhor resposta de crescimento em biomassa foi obtida com a dose estimada 175 mg dm-3 de P.
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Sanghavi, K., R. C. Brundage, M. B. Miller, D. P. Schladt, A. K. Israni, W. Guan, W. S. Oetting, et al. "Genotype-guided tacrolimus dosing in African-American kidney transplant recipients." Pharmacogenomics Journal 17, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tpj.2015.87.
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Maggard, M., J. Goss, S. Ramdev, K. Swenson, and R. W. Busuttil. "Incidence of Acute Rejection in African-American Liver Transplant Recipients." Transplantation Proceedings 30, no. 4 (June 1998): 1492–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00330-3.
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Podder, H., J. Podbielski, I. Hussein, S. M. Katz, C. T. Van Buren, and B. D. Kahan. "Impact of sirolimus on renal transplant outcomes in African Americans." Transplantation Proceedings 33, no. 1-2 (February 2001): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02397-6.
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Agbor-Enoh, S., A. Charya, M. Jang, H. Luikart, P. Shah, J. Matthews, A. W. Brown, et al. "Allograft Injury and Outcomes in African American Lung Transplant Recipients." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 39, no. 4 (April 2020): S55—S56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2020.01.1242.
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&NA;. "EXPERIENCE WITH ALEMTUZUMAB INDUCTION IN AFRICAN-AMERICAN RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS." Transplantation 82, Suppl 2 (July 2006): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-200607152-01251.
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Jillella, Anand, Mohammad A. H. Mian, Amany Keruakous, Jorge Cortes, Ayushi Chauhan, Locke Bryan, Laura Walker, Molly James, and Vamsi Kota. "P-140: Outreach and satellite transplant clinics increase multiple myeloma (MM) transplant referrals and specifically transplant referrals of African American patients." Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 22 (August 2022): S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2152-2650(22)00470-0.
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Gaied, Hanène, Mohamed Mongi Bacha, Tasnim Mesbahi, Mondher Ounissi, Raja Aoudia, Mouna Jerbi, Mariem Jones, et al. "Mycophenolate Mofetil-induced Oral Ulcerations in a Kidney Transplant Recipient." Current Drug Safety 15, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574886314666191011153609.
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Introduction: Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) is an immunosuppressive drug usually used in kidney transplants to prevent rejection. It has various adverse effects such as leucopenia, anemia, diarrhea but Mouth ulcers are rarely reported. Methods: We present a case report of MMF-induced mouth ulcers in an African patient. Case Report: A 41-year-old African-male patient has painful oral ulcers which developed 5 months after kidney transplantation. The immunosuppressive maintenance regimen comprised Steroids, Tacrolimus and MMF. Results: These ulcers were firstly related to a fungic or viral infection so the patient was prescribed Fluconazole and Aciclovir without any improvement. Then, Tacrolimus blood level was checked and it was in a therapeutic range. Finally, we decide to stop MMF and the ulcers healed quickly. Discussion: Oral ulcers are frequently seen complications in immunosuppressant patient but are rarely described with MMF. These ulcers can become large and very painful and degrade patient's life quality. So when infections causes are excluded, we have to keep in mind that these ulcers can be a drug adverse effect.
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Iheme, Williams C., and Sanford U. Mba. "Pandemic recovery in Africa: A case for strengthening insolvency laws for rescuing small and medium enterprises." Journal of Comparative Law in Africa 8, no. 2 (2021): 74–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/jcla/v8/i2a4.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of developing countries. Although SMEs contribute to economic growth, they still struggle with access to finance and cash flow constraints. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worsened this situation, making it necessary for countries to develop rescue regimes suitable for financially distressed SMEs. Focusing on Nigeria and Kenya – which represent the largest economies in West Africa and East Africa respectively – this paper critically sheds light on the socio-legal challenges posed by extant insolvency law regimes in both countries and their unsuitability for driving SME rescue. As a conversation starter in the African context, the authors identify transplanted concepts and structures which make SME rescue a futility, in the light of local circumstances, while proposing solutions tailored to the social milieu of both countries.
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Theart, Marthán, and Kirstin Meiring. "Conservation servitudes in South Africa." South African Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 26 (2020): 105–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.47348/sajelp/v26/a4.
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Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) play a significant role in the economy of developing countries. Although SMEs contribute to economic growth, they still struggle with access to finance and cash flow constraints. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic worsened this situation, making it necessary for countries to develop rescue regimes suitable for financially distressed SMEs. Focusing on Nigeria and Kenya – which represent the largest economies in West Africa and East Africa respectively – this paper critically sheds light on the socio-legal challenges posed by extant insolvency law regimes in both countries and their unsuitability for driving SME rescue. As a conversation starter in the African context, the authors identify transplanted concepts and structures which make SME rescue a futility, in the light of local circumstances, while proposing solutions tailored to the social milieu of both countries.
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Ren, Qing, Anil Paramesh, C. Lillian Yau, Mary Killackey, Douglas Slakey, Sandy Florman, Joseph Buell, et al. "Long-term outcome of highly sensitized African American patients transplanted with deceased donor kidneys." Transplant International 24, no. 3 (November 22, 2010): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2010.01188.x.
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