Relevant bibliographies by topics / African Timber Organization

Academic literature on the topic 'African Timber Organization'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 27 July 2024
Last updated: 28 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "African Timber Organization"

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Sodangi, Mahmoud, and Zaheer Abbas Kazmi. "Integrated Evaluation of the Impediments to the Adoption of Coconut Palm Wood as a Sustainable Material for Building Construction." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 7676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187676.

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Coconut palm wood is commonly regarded as a sustainable building material. Nonetheless, its adoption as a green building material by the construction industry is limited, particularly in West Africa. This paper analyses the impediments to the effective adoption of coconut palm wood in residential building construction. The research data was collected from literature reviews, expert-based surveys, and semi-structured interviews with specialists from the construction sector, African Timber Organization, governmental institutions related to forestry and construction, university professors, and researchers in the areas of sustainable building materials and construction. Thirteen crucial impediments were identified and an integrated evaluation of the impediments was conducted using the Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) technique to examine the hierarchical structure of the relations between the impediments. A further technique, Cross-impact Matrix Multiplication Applied to Classification (MICMAC), was used to categorize the impediments from a driving to driven perspective. This categorization provides a unique profile for the impediments, which is different from that of conventional evaluation techniques for evaluating impediments. The findings of this paper offer useful guide to practitioners and policy makers in formulating effective policies, regulations, and standards that will promote the development and wide adoption of coconut palm wood in the construction industry.
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Matveeva, Natalia. "Forestry in the Congo Basin Countries and Measures to Improve its Efficiency." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 66, no. 1 (March 20, 2024): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2024-66-1-80-92.

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The article offers insight into the main stages of the formation of forestry into an independent branch of the economy in African countries, the forest areas of which constitute a common ecosystem, one of the largest in the world. The features of the system of relations between the main subjects of economic activity in the forest sector, that developed during the colonial period, and its subsequent evolution after the transition to the planned formation of the forest management sphere are characterized. The results of the implementation of forest management plans in concessions are analyzed, it being the necessary condition for the logging companies which aim to obtain an official confirmation of compliance of their activities with international standards subject to local conditions and provisions of national laws. One of the generally accepted, by the African countries as well, and authoritative evidence of responsible logging, which at the same time confirms the legality of the origin of the wood offered to the buyer, is a certificate issued by the international commercial organization Forest Steward Council (FSC). The introduction of a certification system is seen as an incentive to promote sustainable forest management and sustainable forest management in timber supplying countries to foreign markets. However, there are examples of unscrupulous companies continuing to harvest wood on the principle of “forest mining”, while resorting to illegal cutting of trees outside the concessions. This negatively affects the competitiveness of companies that strive to maintain a reputation as a supplier of legally harvested and environmentally friendly wood. They are forced to reduce the scope of their activities in the region. The article also notes the gradual reorientation of timber supplies from the countries of the region to the Asian markets, which is characteristic of recent years, where demand for this product is growing, regardless of the sources of its origin. At the same time, its purchases by its traditional buyers, European countries, were declining. Nevertheless, Asian companies, primarily from China and Vietnam, are beginning to show an increasing interest in purchases of certified wood, hoping at the same time to expand export supplies of finished products to countries with strict bans on the import of wood (and wood products) harvested illegally. Gabon’s experience in using the resource potential of forests to create the basic foundations of its own timber industry was also noted.
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Woodward, Kyle D., Narcisa G. Pricope, Forrest R. Stevens, Andrea E. Gaughan, Nicholas E. Kolarik, Michael D. Drake, Jonathan Salerno, et al. "Modeling Community-Scale Natural Resource Use in a Transboundary Southern African Landscape: Integrating Remote Sensing and Participatory Mapping." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040631.

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Remote sensing analyses focused on non-timber forest product (NTFP) collection and grazing are current research priorities of land systems science. However, mapping these particular land use patterns in rural heterogeneous landscapes is challenging because their potential signatures on the landscape cannot be positively identified without fine-scale land use data for validation. Using field-mapped resource areas and household survey data from participatory mapping research, we combined various Landsat-derived indices with ancillary data associated with human habitation to model the intensity of grazing and NTFP collection activities at 100-m spatial resolution. The study area is situated centrally within a transboundary southern African landscape that encompasses community-based organization (CBO) areas across three countries. We conducted four iterations of pixel-based random forest models, modifying the variable set to determine which of the covariates are most informative, using the best fit predictions to summarize and compare resource use intensity by resource type and across communities. Pixels within georeferenced, field-mapped resource areas were used as training data. All models had overall accuracies above 60% but those using proxies for human habitation were more robust, with overall accuracies above 90%. The contribution of Landsat data as utilized in our modeling framework was negligible, and further research must be conducted to extract greater value from Landsat or other optical remote sensing platforms to map these land use patterns at moderate resolution. We conclude that similar population proxy covariates should be included in future studies attempting to characterize communal resource use when traditional spectral signatures do not adequately capture resource use intensity alone. This study provides insights into modeling resource use activity when leveraging both remotely sensed data and proxies for human habitation in heterogeneous, spectrally mixed rural land areas.
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Orogun, Paul. "Plunder, Predation and Profiteering: The Political Economy of Armed Conflicts and Economic Violence in Modern Africa." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 2, no. 2 (2003): 283–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156915003322763593.

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AbstractThis paper presents a comparative analytical study that is based on a political economy perspective concerning the effects of economic violence and the specter of predation-induced armed conflicts in modern African states. Although "blood diamonds," crude oil, "conflict timber," and illicit arms trafficking have engendered and exacerbated civil wars, cross-border raids, and protracted regional destabilization in Angola and the Democratic Republic of Congo, my primary focus is on the ongoing military debacle in Liberia and the recently concluded mayhem in Sierra Leone. The "resource curse" hypothesis will be utilized to examine and to illuminate the impact of economic pillaging, illicit arms trade, and predatory warlordism on the political instability and humanitarian atrocities in these two West African countries. A review of the internal regime types and the regional security relations within the sub-region will help to contextualize the recurrent trends and discernable systemic patterns that have been associated with these pillaging wars in the post-cold war era of Africa's international relations. In short, armed conflicts have weakened state capabilities, strained the financial resources of nongovernmental organizations and even raised provocative questions about the political will and sustaining capacities of the international community and regional security organizations to keep the peace and create conditions that are conducive to long-term, sustainable and viable political stability and economic development in the conflict-ridden and war-ravaged Sub-Saharan African States.
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Pyzhev, Anton. "Why forest economy can become a driving force of the development of BRICS cooperaion." BRICS Journal of Economics 4, no. 4 (December 22, 2023): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/brics-econ.4.e112531.

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The changing global geopolitical and economic landscape generates growing interest in new strategic alliances among the world’s fastest growing economies. This is certainly true for the BRICS countries, whose importance for the contemporary world cannot be overestimated. As soon as the group begins to turn into a more institutionalized organization, the question of establishing closer and more numerous economic and social ties will arise. The paper analyzes the trends in the development of the forest economy in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa over the past two decades. It assesses each country’s share in the global timber harvesting and its position on the international market for forest products. Accounting for slightly less than 1/3 of the global annual harvest, the BRICS countries have boosted production and export of their forest products in the XXI century. According to our calculations, only India and China’s production and export of sawn timber and wood panels increased tenfold. The paper examines conditions for turning the forest economy into one of the drivers of cooperation between the BRICS countries and the existing financial, political and environmental constraints. Such cooperation will be possible if there is sufficient demand for forestry products in BRICS; it will require measures to radically improve the logistics of trade between the countries, given their great mutual remoteness. The important role of the BRICS countries in the global forest economy can become an important factor in the further development of cooperation within the group, especially after the expansion expected in 2024.
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CANDELIER, Kévin, Rod STIRLING, Miha HUMAR, and Lone ROSS. "IRGWP: An international network of key players for a better understanding and industrial developments in wood protection and preservation." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 358 (December 25, 2023): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2023.358.a37406.

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Wood durability around the world in a global climate change context. Wood has long been one of the world’s primary building materials, and it remains so today despite competition from alternative materials (e.g., PVC, fiberglass, concrete). Worldwide wood consumption is on the rise, and this trend is set to continue, given the growing importance of the bioeconomy (FAO 2022). This rising demand for wood to provide local construction materials with a low environmental impact is all the more pronounced in the southern countries, where demographic growth is high. In response to higher wood consumption, the area occupied by forest plantations is increasing in most developed countries, while deforestation in tropical parts of the world is still of serious concern (Fisher et al. 2020). In most tropical countries, with large forest areas and great diversity in terms of wood species, local timber production generally only focuses on a few abundant species (associated with a long renewal period) and only values the old large-sized trees (with a diameter greater than 50 cm). In the context of growing needs for timber, such a restrictive value chain may exacerbate pressure on tropical forest ecosystems. It is therefore essential to broaden our knowledge about the potential to use more species and lower-quality logs for timber production. Tropical rainforests currently cover 1,070 million hectares of the world’s surface (90% of them are located in Central Africa, South America, and Southeast Asia), with more than 50,000 timber species, but only a handful of these are used (figure 1). It is estimated that 400 million hectares of these forests are currently given over to timber production. However, research over many decades has shown that the regulations that govern timber harvesting in tropical forests – currently based on logging intensity and cutting cycle – do not allow for the long-term recovery of the timber volume being harvested from these ecosystems. It is therefore urgent that we seek out new sources of timber (Putz et al. 2012). Many types of wood are overlooked in the international market today, as the demand lies with the more well-known types of timber species. It is therefore important to consider alternative options and choose wood according to the qualities and characteristics required to meet targeted end-use applications. In numerous tropical forest species, wood properties are poorly described, and wood is undervalued. At the same time, to maximise yield, foresters often apply intensive silvicultural management to fast-growing tree species, resulting in wood with wide growth rings, lower wood density, a lower proportion of heartwood, and, in many cases, lower wood durability (Kojima 2009). Wood protection refers to measures that, in various ways, aim to improve the resistance of wood and wood-based materials to biodegradation and biodeterioration. Such organisms include wood-decaying fungi, termites, and other wood-destroying insects, marine borers, and discolouring microorganisms such as blue stain and mould (Jones and Brischke 2017). Wood-decaying fungi are the most common of the destructive organisms in temperate climates, while termites are a dominant vector in tropical regions. In this context, and although preservation or modification methods to improve the durability of wood have been developed, some of these processes or chemicals remain expensive, unavailable worldwide, or create potential environmental risks. While research on effective and sustainable preservation and modification methods are still needed, the study of traits related to the natural durability of wood is of great importance for increasing wooden products’ service life, choosing an appropriate wood species for an application, and increasing the service life of wooden products in general (Martín and López 2023). Furthermore, the current context of globalisation and climate change is influencing the biological agents that deteriorate wood materials and wood-based products. On the one hand, globalisation in the trade of wood and wood packaging increases the probability of the inadvertent introduction of forest pathogens and xylophagous microorganisms, which in some cases emerge as invasive species with the potential to attack indigenous forests and timber products. On the other hand, climate change is altering the worldwide distribution of some wood-destroying organisms. Global trade and climate change are inducing a shift in the distribution of invasive organisms (e.g., favouring spreading to higher altitudes) with the potential to cause damage to forest and wood elements, a trend that will probably be exacerbated in the next decades (Brischke and Rapp 2010). There are still important knowledge gaps regarding the mechanisms wood-deteriorating organisms use to attack wood, their ecology and mode of dispersion, and furthermore is some wood traits are affecting the natural durability of wood in service. To improve the social perception of wood as a raw material, further research is needed to develop or improve sustainable methods for preserving wood species of low natural durability against biological deterioration. Finally, it remains important to continue developing durability test methods, experimental studies, and monitoring approaches (figure 2) (Brischke et al. 2023). Focus on the scopes and activities of the International Research Group on Wood Protection (IRGWP) A brief history The International Research Group on Wood Protection (IRGWP) (known until 10 June 2004 as The International Research Group on Wood Preservation) was launched as an independent research group in 1969 to continue the work of a previous group of experts on wood protection that had been set up, following an Austrian proposal in 1965, by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), in Paris, France. In 1979, the Group's administrative Secretariat moved to Sweden and was supported by the Swedish National Board for Technical Development (STU) until 1985. Since then, the IRGWP secretariat remains in Sweden and has been self-financing, relying entirely on the support of its personal and corporate members. Initially, the IRGWP was composed of 22 scientists from nine countries (Austria, Belgium, France, the German Federal Republic, Japan, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom). Today, IRGWP has more than 350 members from 51 countries around the world. Wood protection The science of wood protection is by nature multi-disciplinary, and can encompass elements of forestry, wood science, mycology, entomology, physics, chemistry, engineering, and technology. Progress in modern wood protection development usually includes two or more of these elements, making the field highly accepting of multi-institutional approaches to solving complex challenges. Moreover, to adequately describe the current state of wood protection, it requires an approach that involves viewpoints from various regions of the world and, within some of those regions, a country-by-country approach. In this regard, IRGWP has included the following regions of the world: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, and Oceania. IRGWP’s activities The IRGWP provides the global forum for research and industrial developments in wood protection sciences, including method development, experimental studies, monitoring approaches, models, product development, environmental aspects, etc., in order to promote knowledge about wood durability science and strategies for the protection and preservation of woods, wood-based materials, structures and building components. Through worldwide cooperation, the IRGWP: Facilitates contacts between specialists working on the complex problems of wood protection and durability. Issues more than one hundred documents every year, providing members and sponsors with invaluable information. Arranges, with the help of local organising committees, annual conferences, and regional meetings with active workshops to discuss and disseminate significant research progress and develop the relationships between academics and industrial companies (figure 3). Provides help and encouragement for scientists in developing countries to enable contributions to their research activities and to attend conferences. Facilitates the participation of able young scientists in the collaborative research of its Working Parties using the Ron Cockcroft Award scheme[1]. Works continuously as a forum for discussion and dissemination of research results. Avoids duplication of research work and therefore saves time, effort, and money, through its unique around-the-world strategy. Shares a durability database aimed at the allocation of wood durability test results (in the field and laboratory conditions) for comparative studies and re-analyses. Stimulates progress and quality. IRGWP members and sponsors are proud of their status and strive continuously towards excellence. Provides cost-benefits: the annual conferences and the regional meetings provide powerful opportunities for making business contacts while keeping aware of the very latest information in this field. Supports financially a permanent Secretariat based in Stockholm, which aims to provide supportive services to members, sponsors, and new interested parties. A brief description of the papers published within this Special issue. This special issue of Bois et Forêts des Tropiques was prepared in the framework of the IRG54 Annual meeting, which was held in Queensland, Australia, from May 28 to June 1, 2023. During this international meeting, the IRGWP proposed a special session dealing with the natural and conferred durability of tropical wood species. Topics of interest included extractives defense mechanisms against fungi and termites, protection of tropic wood in service (including modification and design), and valorisation of tropical wood with low natural durability. From these presentations, several papers were selected and are hereby presented in this Special issue. The Scientific Program Committee feels these give a good indication of the current status of durability, preservation and valorisation of tropical wood species, and that you find them as interesting as they did during their presentation during the IRG54 conference. [1] https://www.irg-wp.com/RCAGuidelines.html
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Voskoboinikov, Yakov. "George Gershwin’s jazz transcriptions in piano performance of academic tradition." Aspects of Historical Musicology 19, no. 19 (February 7, 2020): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34064/khnum2-19.25.

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Background. Today, jazz transcriptions of works by George Gershwin can be heard around the world. Works such as “The Man I Love”, “I Got Rhythm”, “Summertime”, “Liza”, “Fascinating Rhythm”, “Somebody Loves Me”, “Swanee”, included in the collection “Gershwin songs”, and also “Seven virtuoso etudes on the themes of G. Gershwin” by E. Wilde are performed by modern academic musicians. Thus, widely known performance versions of piano transcriptions “Gershwin songs” by M.-A. Hamelin, the song “The Man I Love” performed by A. Tharaud, P. Barton, and others famous performers. The evidence of growing interest of classical performers in the music of the American composer is the successful holding of the IV G. Gershvin International Music Competition in New York (on November 7–10, 2019). Director and main organizer of the competition, Michael Bulychev-Okser, is the American pianist, the main winner of many international competitions in the United States, Italy, Andorra, Spain and Mexico. How does a musician of academic direction, whose inner professional intentions and way of thinking are brought up on the classical repertoire, perceive Gershwin’s jazz compositions? What is the specificity of modern reading of his music? In which cultural traditions should we look for the key to understanding Gershwin’s musical language, its rhythmic and intonational specifics? Finally, can a jazz pianist consider himself completely free from the culture of the academic tradition by playing Gershwin? The search for answers to all these questions has identified the problematic perspective of this article. The purpose of the article is to reveal the characteristic features of the performance of G. Gershwin’s transcriptions by modern academic pianists using specific examples and to determine the interpretational tasks of the performer. The research methodology is based on a comprehensive genre andstyle approach to the study of musical material, and also includes a comparative method used for concidering different performance versions of the same work. The main results of the study. Jazz and the culture of academic music work closely together in the style of G. Gershwin. Indicative in this sense was the idea of a concert eloquently called “Reunion of Classics and Jazz” (1924), for which the “Rhapsody in Blue” was created and where it was first performed by the author with the orchestra of Paul Whiteman. G. Gershwin, more than any other composer of his time, communicated with African-American musicians: he knew Will Voderi, Lucky Roberts, Duke Ellington; heard New York pianists play downtown and often visited the “Cotton Club” and other places in Harlem to hear the bands of Duke Ellington, Cab Calloway and other jazz musicians. But not only jazz was the area of interest and creative acquaintances of Gershwin. Along with jazz culture, there were many other musical styles. In the works of G. Gershwin, Ch. Ives, A. Copland in the early 1920s – mid 1940s there is an original combination of deep folk intonation with the composer’s technique of the XX century, up to the use of dodecaphonic-serial technique (Copland). The fusion of jazz and academic branches in Gershwin’s music, above all, takes place at the level of form. “I took the blues and put it in a larger and more serious form”, said the composer (as quoted by Schneider, 1999: 67). As a pianist, Gershwin did not receive a systematic professional education as a child, although he later had enough teachers. But that didn’t stop him from becoming a real pianist-virtuoso and a brilliant improviser. One should listen to archival recordings of Gershwin’s performance to get an idea of his performance style. Samples of his piano performances have been partially preserved: some acoustic and electric recordings, radio recordings, two sound films and a large number of piano videos (Gibbons, 2002). The studio recording of “Rhapsody in Blue” demonstrates Gershwin’s completely “academic” pianism – with clear, well-founded articulation, bright sonic fullness, thoughtful agogics of expressive declamation, which is only emphasized by the well-organized metric pulsation and dynamics by active rhythmic movement – and his true virtuoso skill. Should a modern pianist, performing Gershwin’s works, follow the example of a balanced and rather “academic” performance, as in his studio recording “Rhapsody in Blue”, or follow Gershvin’s interpretation, which can be observed in the transcription “I Got Rhythm”, where he clearly prefers the jazz element? It makes sense to compare different examples of Gershwin’s popular piano transcription of “The Man I Love”. The performance version of the English pianist Paul Barton is an attempt to imitate the specifics of the freedom of sound of instrumental jazz styles, however, as one can hear, the musical intonation is not always convincing, the breath is a bit torn, the agogics of chord melodic constructions performance the agogics of chord melodic constructions (upper layers of texture) is greatly exaggerated and the performing is practically “released” from calculation and feeling of time. As an undoubted plus of this version it is necessary to note huge attention to harmony as such, to vertical and balance within a chord – Barton’s harmony “breathes” and moves. This approach can be justified, because the harmony of Gershwin’s songs is always diverse, bright and inventive. The record of Gershwin’s 1959 “Songbook” by Ella Fitzgerald is available today. The composition “The Man I Love” in her performance can be one of the possible orienting points in the intonation of the main melodic voice, the calculation of its unfolding in time, the display of interval “tensions” and melodic intentions in Gershwin’s music. E. Fitzgerald’s vocal-jazz style presupposes a different temporal organization of the melody, different from the one suggested by P. Barton – the movement of its vocal recitation-intonation and improvisational vocals is accelerated, then somewhat slowed down, thus creating “compensated time” of a musical work, and it is with soft, relaxed, naturally light breathing. The modern media space presents the album of French pianist Alexandre Tharaud “Swing in Paris”, which includes two compositions by Gershwin: “The Man I Love” and “Do it Again!”. Three different interpretations of “The Man I Love” are popular on the You Tube website, where each video is original in its own way. These performings are variants, but the concept of details – melodic constructions, organization of rhythmic accents, as well as a sense of Gershwin’s style, is preserved. The sophistication of the Parisian salon is what distinguishes the game of Tharaud. The musician has a sense of proportion and uses the full range of expressive means of academic pianism. At the same time, the development of the melodic line takes place organically and effortlessly, alluding to vocal genre examples, to free breathing and “blues” articulation of jazz vocalists; rhythmic accentuation is unobtrusive but clearly felt. Summing up, we note that the “Tharaud approach” is certainly the closest to the reference. Conclusions. Proceeding from the synthetic nature of G. Gershwin’s music, comprehension of its stylistic and cultural origins, analysis of listened musical samples, let us single out the interpretation constants that must be taken into account by the performer of his compositions. Among them – the inheritance of agogics, articulation, “light” breathing, inherent in the vocal jazz manner, in the intonation of the melody; “Breathing” harmony with a colorful timbre filling of chords and subvoices united into a movable vertical-horizontal complex; understanding of rhythm as an independent expressive sphere that has ethnic roots in the music of the African American tradition.
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Ngulumbu, Benjamin Musembi, and Fanice Waswa. "Abdul, G., A., & Sehar, S. (2015). Conflict management and organizational performance: A case study of Askari Bank Ltd. Research Journal of Finance and Accounting. 6(11), 201. Adhiambo, R., & Simatwa, M. (2011). Assessment of conflict management and resolution in public secondary schools in Kenya: A case study of Nyakach District. International Research Journal 2(4), 1074-1088. Adomi, E., & Anie, S. (2015). Conflict management in Nigerian University Libraries. Journal of Library Management, 27(8), 520-530. https://doi.org/10.1108/01435120610686098 Amadi, E., C., & Urho, P. (2016). Strike actions and its effect on educational management in universities in River State. Kuwait Chapter of Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(6), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.12816/0019033 Amah, E., & Ahiauzu, A. (2013). Employee involvement and organizational effectiveness. 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Industrial Law Journal, 46(1), 23-51. https://doi.org/10.1093/indlaw/dwx001 Fitzgerald, I., Beadle, R., & Rowan, K. (2020). Trade Unions and the 2016 UK European Union Referendum. Economic and Industrial Democracy. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X19899483 Gall, G., & Fiorito, J. (2016). Union effectiveness: In search of the Holy Grail. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 37(1) 189211. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X14537358 Gathoronjo, S. N. (2018). The Ministry of labour on the causes of labour disputes in the public sector. University of Nairobi. Iravo, M. A. (2011). Effect of conflict management in performance of public secondary schools in Machakos County, Kenya. Kenyatta University. Jepkorir, B. M. (2014). The effect of trade unions on organizational productivity in the cement manufacturing industry in Nairobi. University of Nairobi. Kaaria, J. K. (2019). Trade Liberalization and Export Survival In Kenya. University of Nairobi. Kaburu, Z. (2010). The relationship between terms and conditions of service and motivation of domestic workers in Nairobi. University of Nairobi. Kambilinya, I. (2014). Assessment of performance of trade unions. Master’s Thesis Submitted to University of Malawi. Kamrul, H., Ashraful, I., & Arifuzzaman, M. (2015). A Study on the major causes of labour unrest and its effect on the RMG sector of Bangladesh. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 6 (11). Kazimoto, P. (2013). Analysis of conflict management and leadership for organizational change. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 3(1), 16-25. Khanka, I. (2015). Industrial relations in Tanzania. University of Dar-es-salaam. Kisaka, C. L. (2010). Challenges facing trade unions in Kenya. Master’s Thesis Submitted to University of Nairobi. Kituku, M. N. (2015). Influence of conflict resolution strategies on project implementation. A Case of Titanium Base Limited Kwale County Kenya. University of Nairobi. Kmietowicz, Z. (2016). Ballot on industrial action by GPs averted as government accepts BMA’s demands. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i4619 KNHCR (2020). Key Business and Human Rights Concerns in Kenya. Retrieved from http://nap.knchr.org/NAP-Scope/Key-Business-and-Human-Rights-Concerns-in-Kenya. Magone, J. (2018). Iberian trade unionism: Democratization under the impact of the European Union. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351325684 Menkel-Meadow, C. J., Porter-Love, L., Kupfer-Schneider, A., & Moffitt, M. (2018). Dispute resolution: Beyond the adversarial model. Aspen Publishers. Mlungisi, E. T. (2016). The liability of trade unions for conduct of their members during industrial action. MoLSP (2020). Ministry of Labor and Social Protection, Registrar of Trade Unions. Retrieved from https://labour.go.ke/department-of-trade-unions/ Msila, X. (2018). Trade union density and its implications for collective bargaining in South Africa. University of Pretoria. Mulima, K. J. (2017). Trade Union Practices on Improvement of Teachers Welfare. University of Nairobi). Năstase, A., & Muurmans, C. (2020). Regulating lobbying practices in the European Union: A voluntary club perspective. Regulation & Governance, 14(2), 238-255. https://doi.org/10.1111/rego.12200 Otenyo, E. E. (2017). Trade unions and the age of information and communication technologies in Kenya. Lexington Books. Powell, J. (2018). Towards a Marxist theory of financialised capitalism. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190695545.013.37 Razaka, S. S., & Mahmodb, N. A. K. N. (2017). Trade Union Recognition in Malaysia: Transforming State Government’s Ideology. Proceeding of ICARBSS 2017 Langkawi, Malaysia, 2017(29th), 175." Journal of Strategic Management 6, no. 1 (January 22, 2022): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.53819/81018102t2041.

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The Constitution of Kenya specifically recognizes the freedom of association to form and belong to trade unions. However, despite the adoption of the Labour Relations Act, union practice is still hampered by excessive restrictions. The EPZ companies are labor intensive requiring a large amount of labor to produce its goods or service and thus, the welfare of the employees play a key role in their functions. This study sought to determine the effect of trade union practices on employees’ welfare at export processing zones industries in Athi River, Kenya. The specific objectives sought to determine the effect of collective bargaining agreements, industrial action, dispute resolution and trade union representation on employees’ welfare at export processing zones industries in Athi River, Kenya. The study employed a descriptive research design. Primary data was collected by means of a structured questionnaire. The target population of the study was employees in EPZ companies in Athi River, Kenya with large employees enrolled in active trade unions. The unit of observation was the employees in the trade unions. The findings indicated that collective bargaining agreements had a positive and significant coefficient with employees’ welfare at the EPZ industries. Industrial action had a positive but non-significant effect with employees’ welfare at Export Processing Zones industries. Dispute resolution had a positive and significant coefficient with employees’ welfare at the EPZ industries. Trade union representation had a positive and significant coefficient with employees’ welfare at the EPZ industries. The study recommended that trade union should avoid the path of confrontation but continue dialogue through the collective bargaining process and demands should be realistic in nature with what is obtainable in the related industry. An existence of a formal two way communication between management and trade unions will ensure that right message is properly understood and on time too. Keywords: Collective Bargaining Agreements, Industrial Action, Dispute Resolution, Trade Union Representation, Employees Welfare & Export Processing Zones
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Leisher, Craig, Nathaniel Robinson, Matthew Brown, Deo Kujirakwinja, Mauricio Castro Schmitz, Michelle Wieland, and David Wilkie. "Ranking the direct threats to biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa." Biodiversity and Conservation, March 2, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-022-02394-w.

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AbstractSub-Saharan Africa receives large investments in biodiversity conservation, and if these investments can be concentrated on the highest threats to biodiversity, the benefits to conservation from the investments would increase. Yet there is no available prioritization of the many direct threats to biodiversity to inform organizations developing sub-Saharan or sub-regional conservation strategies. Consequently, regional investments by funders of biodiversity conservation such as international conservation organizations, foundations, and bilateral and multilateral donors may be suboptimal. The objective of this study was to determine what are the highest direct threats to biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa and its sub-regions. To do this, we collected threat data using standardized IUCN threat categories from a Delphi consensus of sub-Saharan Africa biodiversity experts, known threats to IUCN Red-listed sub-Saharan African species, and National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plans from 40 sub-Saharan African countries. After averaging the threat ranking from the three sources, the highest threats were: (1) annual and perennial crops (non-timber); (2) fishing and harvesting aquatic resources in marine and freshwater areas; (3) logging and wood harvesting in natural forests; and (4) hunting and collecting terrestrial animals. The highest-ranked sub-regional threats were hunting in Central Africa and agriculture in East Africa, Southern Africa, and West Africa. Aligning biodiversity investments to address these threats and tailoring activities to reflect local socio-ecological contexts would increase the conservation of biodiversity in sub-Saharan Africa.
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Ngirande, Hlanganipai, Sharon Ruvimbo Terera, and Paul Mutodi. "The Impact of Downsizing on Survivor Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment at a Selected Timber Production Estate, South Africa." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, April 1, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n6p145.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African Timber Organization"

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Kerridge, Melissa Kim. "The effectiveness of lean principles at a specific financial institution in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012960.

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The world has become more competitive, complex and unpredictable, and this process is continuing. Evolution is taking place resulting in organisations being pushed by strategies and pulled by increasingly assertive customers who demand more accountability and responsiveness (Kartte, 2010). In order to remain competitive in this changing world, many organisations, even financial institutions have adopted Lean principles in order to eliminate waste, reduce cost and streamline everyday processes (Spear, 2012). There have however been a number of challenges that have prevented financial institutions from implementing Lean principles successfully. The primary objective of this study is to improve the effectiveness of Lean principles within a specific financial institution. More specifically, this study will identify the effectiveness of successfully implementing Lean principles at a financial institution by investigating the influence of employee knowledge, understanding and skills, communication, motivation and ownership from management, organisational culture and the impact of trade unions in organisations as mentioned in the problem statement above. Convenience sampling was used to select a sample of sixty eight (68) employees within the specific financial institution. The sample was stratified to include senior managers, managers, team leaders and lower level employees. Questionnaires were distributed personally to the focus groups from the above categories.
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Jansen, Thomas Tobias. "Eienaarskap, beheer en befondsing van skole in Suid-Afrika : `n studie in tydsperspektief." Diss., 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1500.

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In this study the ownership, governance and funding of schools in South Africa are examined in time perspective in order to show the development of the above-mentioned aspects in South Africa through the ages, and to provide recommendations for the future. In the historical survey the ownership, governance and funding of schools in South Africa from 1652 to 2004 are indicated. This has been done for the Whites, Coloureds, Indians and Blacks. The historical pattern of the provision of education in South Africa has often changed during the period under discussion. The education of Whites, Coloureds, Indians and Blacks was provided, and funded separately (1652 to 1993). Imbalances and inequities were common phenomena. Attempts to address the above issues (1994 to 2004) are also indicated. Finally, some recommendations for redressing the present imbalances and inequities with regard to the above three aspects are provided.
Educational Studies
M.Ed. (History of Education)
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Mbatha, M. V. "The principal's instructional leadership role as a factor influencing academic performance: a case study." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1432.

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This research investigates the instructional leadership role of the principal and its impact on learners' academic performance. A literature study investigated models of instructional leadership, characteristics of instructional leadership and instructional leadership as a managerial function. An empirical investigation used a quantitative research design to collect data from a purposefully selected sample of secondary school principals in the Vryheid region, South Africa. A questionnaire was used to gather data and statistical data analysis was conducted to calculate frequencies and test hypotheses. Findings indicated an indirect relationship between learners' academic achievement and the principals' practice of instructional leadership. Clearly formulated school goals, academic networks formed between low and high achieving schools and regular discussions between learners and teachers on their progress also contribute to improved academic performance. Finally, in-service training for principals and teachers, annual targets for academic achievement and the formation of school networks are recommended to improve practice.
Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Education Management)
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Books on the topic "African Timber Organization"

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Center for International Forestry Research, ed. Evaluation des principes, criteres & indicateurs (PCI) de l'OAB. Libreville: Orgnisation africaine du bois, 2000.

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Schmithüsen, Franz. Forest legislation in selected African countries: Based on the review and analysis of forest legislation in 11 member countries of the African Timber Organization. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1986.

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Maré, Gerhard. An appetite for power: Buthelezi's Inkatha and South Africa. Johannesburg: Ravan Press, 1987.

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M, Martin Ann. Claudia and mean Janine. Milwaukee: Gareth Stevens Pub., 1995.

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M, Martin Ann. Claudia and Mean Janine. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1987.

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M, Martin Ann. Claudia and mean Janine. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1987.

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M, Martin Ann. Claudia and mean Janine. Lakeville, CT: Grey Castle Press, 1988.

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M, Martin Ann. Claudia and mean Janine. Lakeville, Conn: Grey Castle Press, 1988.

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Flamming, Douglas. African Americans in the West. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400608032.

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Based on the latest research, this work provides a new look at the lives of African Americans in the Western United States, from the colonial era to the present. From colonial times to the present, this volume captures the experiences of the westward migration of African Americans. Based on the latest research, it offers a fresh look at the many ways African Americans influenced―and were influenced by―the development of the U.S. frontier. African Americans in the West covers the rise of the slave trade to its expansion into what was at the time the westernmost United States; from the post–Civil War migrations, including the Exodusters who fled the South for Kansas in 1879 to the mid–20th century civil rights movement, which saw many critical events take place in the West―from the organization of the Black Panthers in Oakland to the tragic Watts riots in Los Angeles.
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Sandler, Willeke. Locating Germanness, Locating the Colonial. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190697907.003.0004.

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Many colonialists had believed that the Nazi regime established in 1933 would ease cooperation between colonialists and the Nazi Party, but conflicts between colonialists and Nazi officials continued over the next decade. This chapter examines these continuing tensions through two categories: organizational rivalry and ideological competition. Organizations such as the NS-Frauenschaft, the Hitler Youth, the Auslands-Organisation, and the Volksbund für das Deutschtum im Ausland competed with colonialists for access to sectors of German society and for control over discussions about Auslandsdeutschen (Germans beyond Germany’s borders). Colonialists also had to assert the relationship between their focus on Africa and the Nazis’ focus on Eastern Europe as a territorial goal. These competitions at times hindered colonialists’ publicity work, yet also brought discussions of the former overseas colonies into broader sectors of society through these other organizations.
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Book chapters on the topic "African Timber Organization"

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Grant, J. Andrew, Dianne Balraj, Jeremy Davison, and Georgia Mavropoulos-Vagelis. "Network Governance and the African Timber Organization: Prospects for Regional Forestry Governance in Africa." In New Approaches to the Governance of Natural Resources, 154–80. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137280411_8.

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Legman, Ioan-David. "Developing Entrepreneurship in the African Area." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 15–35. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_2.

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García-Álvarez, David, and Javier Lara Hinojosa. "General Land Use Cover Datasets for Africa." In Land Use Cover Datasets and Validation Tools, 347–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-90998-7_17.

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AbstractSeveral general Land Use Cover (LUC) datasets are available for Africa. They provide a general picture of the land uses and covers in more than one African country, rather than focusing on any specific type. In this chapter, we review six datasets of this kind. Only one (CCI LAND COVER – S2 PROTOTYPE, 30 m) covers the whole continent, while the others map certain specific regions of Africa. All these datasets have been produced within the context of specific projects, usually sponsored by international organizations such as the European Space Agency (ESA), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Once these projects come to an end, no new updates of the maps were published, which limits the potential and the temporal resolution of the available datasets. For Africa, only the West Africa Land Use Land Cover (2 km) and the SERVIR-ESA (30 m) provide a time series of LUC maps. The first provides maps for three reference years (1975, 2000, 2013), while in the second the number of maps available and their respective reference years vary from country to country: from 2 to 4 different editions issued between 1990 and 2015. AFRICOVER (1:200,000) and the Congo Basin Vegetation Types dataset (300 m) provide LUC information for just one reference year, although they were created from imagery covering a long time-span: 1994–2001 for AFRICOVER and 2000–2007 for Congo Basin Vegetation Types. The SADC Land Cover Database (1:250,000) was obtained by merging and harmonizing national and regional LUC datasets. As a result, the reference year varies from one country to the next, always between 1990 and 1997. The CCI LAND COVER – S2 PROTOTYPE was produced at the highest spatial resolution of all the datasets reviewed in this chapter (30 m). It also provided the most comprehensive, most updated LUC image of Africa, with information for the year 2015/16.
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Struwig, Miemie, and Laura Best. "Sustainability Reporting in the Retail Sector of South Africa." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 75–93. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_5.

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Elouidani, Rania, Ahmed Outouzzalt, Taoufiq Essili, and Mustapha Bengrich. "Toward Increased Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis: A Literature Review." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 263–72. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_16.

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Yacoubi, Larbi, and Amina Tourabi. "The Relationship Between Innovation and Organizational Resilience in the Context of Moroccan SMEs." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 273–88. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_17.

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Agarwal, Nidhi. "Innovation Strategies for Sustainable Development in Business Considering Current Scenario for Africa." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 95–110. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_6.

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Brzica, Daneš. "Subduing Global Ecological Threats in Cities: Governance, Business, and Wicked Problems." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 51–74. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_4.

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Benkachchach, Kaoutar, and Khadija El Issaoui. "Impact of Climate Change on Morocco’s Agricultural GDP." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 421–38. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_25.

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Mutisya, Philip Munyao. "Contributions of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Toward Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals in Kenya: A Systematic Review of Literature." In Management and Resilience of African Organizations in Times of Crisis, 175–86. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56007-1_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "African Timber Organization"

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Alang Wung, Ernest, Roger Tsafack Nanfosso, and Armand Mboutchouang Kountchou. "TOURISM SUSTAINABILITY IN AFRICA: CAN WE RELY ON TIP, ETHNIC TENSION AND SOCIAL SUPPORT?" In Tourism in Southern and Eastern Europe 2023: Engagement & Empowerment: A Path Toward Sustainable Tourism. University of Rijeka, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.20867/tosee.07.32.

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Purpose – The objective of this paper is to analyze the cultural values in Africa on tourism sustainability. This is due to the existence of minimal works in the African context on tourism. Methodology – Adopting the instrumental variable two-stage least square (IV-2SLS) strategy on a panel of 41 African countries within the period 2006-2017, we accustom for potential endogeneity problems with the indicators to explore the theoretical contribution of the study. Findings – Findings show that, African generosity, culture, and social support contribute to the sustainability of the tourism sector in Africa. Implying that, as Africans are more and more supportive, offering tips (time, financial and/or moral help) to strangers/organizations, and the diversity of the African continent in terms of language, nationality, and race strongly contribute to the sustainability of tourism in Africa through a massive annually inflow of tourist. Contribution – Apart from contributing to the sustainable tourism literature, this paper is novel in its scope and methodology alongside its theoretical background. This paper as well indicates the importance of hospitality in the tourism sector of African countries.
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Mashwama, Xolile, Siyabulela Dywili, Gift Phaladi, and Clinton Aigbavboa. "The learning curve and benefit of artificial intelligence for the built environment." In 10th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (IHIET 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1004031.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) technology has the power to unlock the challenges faced in construction projects such as poor efficiency issues, design errors, and accidents on-site. Therefore, this paper is aimed to evaluate the benefit of implementing AI on South African construction projects. The quantitative approach was adopted for this study. Well-structured questionnaire surveys were disseminated to built environment stakeholders such as quantity surveyors, project managers, construction project managers, contractors and architects. A total of 260 questionnaire surveys were distributed and 223 were received back with an 86% response rate. The findings revealed the learning curve benefit of AI is improved quality of work post-construction, reduces budget overruns, saves time, overcomes shortages of experienced labors, improves performance on construction work, improves the health and safety of the construction projects, elicits faster information exchange, improves productivity, reduces construction risks such as on-site accidents, reduces construction errors, improves customer relations, improves profitability and saves cost. However, the study has indicated that the implementation of AI technology in the built Environment in South Africa is still at an early development stage. The study would hopefully contribute to the body of existing knowledge of AI technology. In Addition, it could assist construction industry professionals to advance their workplaces and organizations.
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Pasi, Piyush Singh, Karthikeya Battepati, Preethi Jyothi, Ganesh Ramakrishnan, Tanmay Mahapatra, and Manoj Singh. "Temporally Aligning Long Audio Interviews with Questions: A Case Study in Multimodal Data Integration." In Thirty-Second International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-23}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2023/683.

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The problem of audio-to-text alignment has seen significant amount of research using complete supervision during training. However, this is typically not in the context of long audio recordings wherein the text being queried does not appear verbatim within the audio file. This work is a collaboration with a non-governmental organization called CARE India that collects long audio health surveys from young mothers residing in rural parts of Bihar, India. Given a question drawn from a questionnaire that is used to guide these surveys, we aim to locate where the question is asked within a long audio recording. This is of great value to African and Asian organizations that would otherwise have to painstakingly go through long and noisy audio recordings to locate questions (and answers) of interest. Our proposed framework, INDENT, uses a cross-attention-based model and prior information on the temporal ordering of sentences to learn speech embeddings that capture the semantics of the underlying spoken text. These learnt embeddings are used to retrieve the corresponding audio segment based on text queries at inference time. We empirically demonstrate the significant effectiveness (improvement in R-avg of about 3%) of our model over those obtained using text-based heuristics. We also show how noisy ASR, generated using state-of-the-art ASR models for Indian languages, yields better results when used in place of speech. INDENT, trained only on Hindi data is able to cater to all languages supported by the (semantically) shared text space. We illustrate this empirically on 11 Indic languages.
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Ojo, Olugbenga. "Face the Screen: Panacea Outlet for the Conduct of Examinations in the Time of COVID-19 Pandemic." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.403.

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The increase in the use of technology devices and development of various software applications the world over has enabled identifiable solutions to various human problems that looked like Herculean tasks in the past. In the ODL mode of education, as leaners juggle study, work and the responsibility that family life entails, the flexibility characteristic of ODL is paving way for the expected continuity in the teaching and learning process through technology. These include examinations and evaluation processes. Educational institutions in Nigeria before now, based only on traditional methods of learning, that is, they follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures including term or semester examinations in a classroom. With the advent of distance learning mode, many universities running dual mode of education along with the only single mode university available in the West African coast - the National Open University of Nigeria, have started blended learning. Although many of the existing colleges and universities are stuck with old procedures of teaching in various ways, the narrative changed when the deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) shook the entire world. Part of the challenges brought about by this World Health Organization declared pandemic was how to ensure continuity in the process of teaching and learning. It is against this background that exigency of time have made it mandatory for institutions of learning to fully turn to technology for solutions to examinations and evaluation process, hence, the reason for virtual examinations which made students to face the screen instead of the traditional assessment system facilitated through the face-to-face classroom environment. Very many conventional institutions of learning which were reluctant to change their pedagogical approach along with the technologically inclined institutions such as NOUN took the advantage of the situation to introduce virtual examinations which points to the fact that students must face the screen if they were to be evaluated. The aim of this paper is to share the experience this mode of examinations entails in the developing countries of West Africa for the purpose of improvement and enabling students outside the shores of the locations of various institutions the opportunity it portend for access to education.
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Quiniou-Ramus, Valérie, Rémi Estival, Pascal Venzac, and Jean-Baptiste Cohuet. "Real-Time Network of Weather and Ocean Stations: Public-Private Partnership on In-Situ Measurements in the Gulf of Guinea." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10903.

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Monitoring of meteorological or/and oceanographic conditions is done on many Oil & Gas platforms offshore West and Central Africa (from Nigeria to Angola), but it is often only used in real-time and not necessarily archived on a hard-drive, or it is protected by each company’s IT firewalls thus making it difficult to send the information to the “outer world”. In 2010, TOTAL Oil & Gas Operator launched a project to give remote and public access to this real-time wind, current and also wave or other meteorological / oceanographic (“metocean”) data. The objectives of this initiative were multiple: • Improve weather and ocean hindcasts and forecasts, which will be beneficial to all Oil & Gas operations in Africa, • Help feed a database for future O&G developments; • Enable design checks after ∼1 year of operation; • Serve as a “black box” in case of an incident which could be due to environment; • Help feed or validate ocean and oil spill drift forecast in case of emergency; • Contribute to the international effort of monitoring the oceans in the long term (operational oceanography, climate change, etc.); • Encourage capacity building in Africa by supporting development and maintenance of technical solutions to reach objectives In 2013, with the support of the French Meteorological Office Météo-France, the data from half a dozen platforms offshore Nigeria, Congo and Angola will be available on the World Meteorological Organization’s (WMO) Global Telecommunication System (GTS). This paper will present the type of metocean stations that are part of this network “MODANET”, the IT architecture that was selected to send it out of the Company’s network, the quality control undertaken by Meteo France before sending it to the GTS, and future possible use of the data that are envisaged.
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Sukhoo, Aneerav, Andries Barnard, Mariki M. Eloff, and John A. Van der Poll. "An Assessment of Software Project Management Maturity in Mauritius." In InSITE 2005: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/2922.

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It is sometimes very difficult for an organization to adopt a specific software project management methodology in a short space of time. It requires sufficient time, adequate financial support and skilled human resources in order to start with a comprehensive methodology. It is, however, often more appropriate to use a maturity model so as to progress from one maturity level to the next. Assessment of the maturity level of an organization provides a good benchmark to rate the success of its operations. One such exercise was carried out in South Africa in 2003, and the overall average project management maturity was found to be 2.92 (Sonnekus & Labuschagne, 2004) on a scale of 1 to 5. The maturity level was found to be closely linked to the success rate of projects. In this paper we report on a similar exercise conducted in Mauritius regarding the maturity level of software development projects. The average maturity of software development companies in Mauritius can provide a useful indication of, among others, the current status of software project management with a view of bringing about improvement in this sector. Given that Mauritian software development companies are making use of European/Western software project management methodologies, this study has been carried out and a preliminary attempt was made to also assess their ability to deal with factors related to cultural, social, economic and political situation within the local context. These factors, when incorporated into existing project management methodologies, can bridge the gap between developing and developed countries and also contribute towards the globalization of software project management.
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Hendricks, Winston, and Babawande Olawale. "Bridging the Gender-Based Digital Divide: Empowerment of Women Through ICT." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.9136.

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This paper explores how digital transformation can bridge the gender-based digital divide and empower women for civic engagement in a digital world. This is because, in recent times, women in developing countries such as South Africa have been marginalized due to the patriarchal sentiment prevalent in society. While gender equality is not only a universal human right, recognizing the importance of gender equality in ensuring the advancement of society will go a long way to reducing the existing gender gaps in digital inclusion. While it has been argued that digital transformation perpetuates gender-related inequality, empowering women has the potential to generate a new source of global economic growth that is more inclusive. In addition, the incorporation of computer-based technologies into an organization's products, processes, and strategies, often referred to as 'digital transformation' is capable of providing an avenue for more equal women participation in labour markets and entrepreneurship. However, despite the advantages of digital transformation for women’s empowerment, women’s marginalisation in digital technologies continues to be evident in South Africa and its education system. The present study, therefore, investigates how digital transformation can bridge the gender-based digital divide and empower women for civic engagement in a digital world by promoting gender equality in the digital communities. Underpinned by an Interpretivist paradigm, the study employs a qualitative research approach and a case study design. Thus, to investigate how digital transformation can bridge the gender-based digital divide and empower women for civic engagement in a digital world, data for the study was collected through interviews from ten female university students in a rural university in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The findings from the study revealed that while there are several opportunities that the digital technologies present in the quest for women empowerment, the lack of skills and expertise, literacy gaps, traditional and social norms, and a lack of confidence in experimenting with technology, among many others are the key factors that widen the digital gender gap. Based on the findings, recommendations were made that universities and higher education institutions partners should promote women's empowerment by supporting women's meaningful and equal participation in decision making where digital technologies are concerned.
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Rodrigues, Francisco, Andre Campino, and Patricia Coelho. "Epidemiology of dengue in Portugal – a portrait." In III SEVEN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/seveniiimulti2023-226.

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Dengue is a systemic infectious disease of viral etiology transmitted through the bite of female hematophagous mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, with Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus being the most competent species for its transmission [1-4]. Dengue virus (VDEN) taxonomically belongs to the family Flaviviridae and the genus flavivirus [5-8]. To date, four antigenically differentiated serotypes - VDEN-1, VDEN-2, VDEN-3 and VDEN-4 - have been reported based on biological, immunological and molecular criteria [8,9]. Among all arboviruses, VDEN is by far the pathogen that most affects humans [10-13]. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in the last 50 years the incidence of Dengue cases has increased by about 30 times, and it is estimated that there are currently between 50 and 100 million infections annually [10]. The disease is widespread in all tropical and subtropical regions of the planet, with a growing incidence in Asia, Africa, Latin America and the Pacific region [10,14]. It is estimated that approximately 2.5 billion people live at risk of contracting the disease in endemic countries [10,13]. Around 120 million people travel to affected areas each year, with travellers playing a key role in the geographical spread of the disease (the return of infected travellers from Dengue-endemic countries can establish autochthonous cycles of infection) [15,16, 17].
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Whelan, Debbie. "Light Touch on the land – continued conversations about architectural change, informality and sustainability." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15043.

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Including ‘informally constructed’ buildings in the cornucopia of ‘vernacular’ has its opponents. They are not visually compelling, strongly represent the ‘other’, and their unpopularity derives from worldviews that prioritise ‘architecture’ as modernity rather than, perhaps, ‘buildings’ as humanity. However, it is argued that informal settlements are not only the kernel of new cities (using modern materials), but are inevitable and sanitized by health legislation, with slum ‘clearing’ having different potentials, to ‘slum building’. Considering informal settlements in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in the early 1920s, and subsequent slum clearances due to post-War health legislation, tracking their continued negative, (and ambivalent connotations at the end of apartheid), and most extensive manifestations in current times, this paper considers informal settlements as recyclers of matter, distinct representations of cultural change (from the rural to the urban) and vectors of opportunity (driven by early health legislations). For the a global north which assumes culturally static societies, advocates for carbon-neutral construction, and renewable construction materials and recycling, there is possibly much we can learn from informal settlements, addressing complex and diverse world views, recycling, political organization and spatial planning. Also, viewed from the lofty perspective of the global north, such vernaculars are viewed derisively, are the focus of multiple, globally-crafted sustainable development goals, and are considered as ‘problems’ rather than, ‘solutions’. Thus, migratory trajectories, social and cultural change, and the continued use of existing and found materials is real for many millions of people globally. These constantly negotiated territories provide compelling ground for re-assessment, reflection and repositioning, interpretation of the vernacular.
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Ogbonnaya, E. A., S. Nitonye, and J. C. Orji. "Optimized Method for Conversion of FPSO Build From VLCC." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-p7.

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FPSOs are becoming extremely important economically. Many nations/organizations are using them to supplement the conventional oil rig/floating platform especially due to the refinery capability they exhibit in situ in the drilling environment. However many of the multinational oil and gas companies are drifting towards the conversion of VLCCs to FPSOs. It is against this backdrop that a work of this nature considered an optimized method of converting an FPSO from a VLCC. The various methods of producing such a vessel were looked at taking two FPSOs: BONGA (New Build) and MYSTRAS (Converted) operating in West African Waters as case studies. A number of vivid and valid ship construction parameters were taken into consideration using a computerized model. Analysis reveal that the block coefficient (CB) yields an important result that if put in place during the design phases of FPSOs – be it new build or converted will go a long way to enhance the conversion process. The CP of the new build FPSO was found to be 0.7202 while the converted one was 0.690 with sponsons and 0.818 excluding sponsons. The CP equally further supports the increased deck space which the modification provided with the strength analysis. Bending Moments and Shear Force distribution along the longitudinal axis (i.e. length) of the vessels with sponson fitted were determined and the section moduli of important/critical sections calculated. Stability analysis was carried out to cover the most critical modes and condition of the vessel’s operation. Righting levers was computed at prescribed loading conditions in the various operating regimes. Results obtained from the analysis showed that incorporating sponsons provided sufficient rigidity and good stability characteristics of the hull under all operating conditions. Finally, on the economic trend, the use of converted FPSO is favoured to those of new build due to the reduced lead-time.
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Reports on the topic "African Timber Organization"

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Johnson, Eric M., Robert Urquhart, and Maggie O'Neil. The Importance of Geospatial Data to Labor Market Information. RTI Press, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.pb.0017.1806.

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School-to-work transition data are an important component of labor market information systems (LMIS). Policy makers, researchers, and education providers benefit from knowing how long it takes work-seekers to find employment, how and where they search for employment, the quality of employment obtained, and how steady it is over time. In less-developed countries, these data are poorly collected, or not collected at all, a situation the International Labour Organization and other donors have attempted to change. However, LMIS reform efforts typically miss a critical part of the picture—the geospatial aspects of these transitions. Few LMIS systems fully consider or integrate geospatial school-to-work transition information, ignoring data critical to understanding and supporting successful and sustainable employment: employer locations; transportation infrastructure; commute time, distance, and cost; location of employment services; and other geographic barriers to employment. We provide recently collected geospatial school-to-work transition data from South Africa and Kenya to demonstrate the importance of these data and their implications for labor market and urban development policy.
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Khalil, James, MaryAnne Iwara, and Martine Zeuthen. Journeys through Extremism: The Experiences of Forced Recruits in Boko Haram. RESOLVE Network, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/cbags2022.2.

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This case study provides exploratory research into the personal journeys of forced recruits into Boko Haram, to examine how they entered the organization, the conditions they experienced in camps and settlements, their exits from the group, their subsequent experiences in state hands, and their perspectives about future reintegration. These themes are particularly pertinent given the mass disengagements from Boko Haram in spring 2022, and the extent to which federal and state systems lack the capacity to absorb and handle the large numbers involved. Research was undertaken at Operation Safe Corridor (OPSC), a program established in 2016 by the Nigerian state to provide an off-ramp for members of Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) deemed to be ‘low risk’ by military intelligence. Located at Mallam Sidi on the outskirts of Gombe, the OPSC program houses cohorts of around six hundred clients at any point in time. This report features the findings from thirteen in-depth interviews with participants in the OPSC program to provide important insights into the state-sponsored off-ramp from this group.
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Lees, Shelley, and Mark Marchant. Key Considerations: Cross-Border Dynamics Between Uganda and Tanzania in the Context of the Outbreak of Ebola, 2022. Institute of Development Studies, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.046.

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This brief summarises key considerations concerning cross-border dynamics between Tanzania and Uganda in the context of the outbreak of Ebola (Sudan Virus Disease, SVD) in Uganda. It is part of a series focusing on at-risk border areas between Uganda and four high priority neighbouring countries: Rwanda; Tanzania; Kenya and South Sudan. The current outbreak is of the Sudan strain of Ebola (SVD). SVD is used in this paper to refer to the current outbreak in East Africa, whereas outbreaks of Zaire Ebolavirus disease or general references to Ebola are referred to as EVD. The current outbreak began in Mubende, Uganda, on 19 September 2022, approximately 240km from the Uganda-Tanzania border. It has since spread to nine Ugandan districts, including two in the Kampala metropolitan area. Kampala is a transport hub, with a population over 3.6 million. While the global risk from SVD remains low according to the World Health Organization, its presence in the Ugandan capital has significantly heightened the risk to regional neighbours. At the time of writing, there had been no cases of Ebola imported from Uganda into Tanzania. This brief provides details about cross-border relations, the political and economic dynamics likely to influence these, and specific areas and actors most at risk. It is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature, previous ethnographic research in Tanzania, and informal discussions with colleagues from the Tanzania’s Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (MoHCDGEC), Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR), Uganda Red Cross Society, Tanzania Red Cross Society (TRCS), International Organization for Migration (IOM), IFRC, US CDC and CDC Tanzania. The brief was developed by Shelley Lees and Mark Marchant (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) with support from Olivia Tulloch (Anthrologica) and Hugh Lamarque (University of Edinburgh). Additional review and inputs were provided by The Tanzania Red Cross and UNICEF. The brief is the responsibility of the Social Science in Humanitarian Action Platform (SSHAP).
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Matenga, Chrispin, and Munguzwe Hichaambwa. A Multi-Phase Assessment of the Effects of COVID-19 on Food Systems and Rural Livelihoods in Zambia. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2021.039.

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COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. The speed with which the pandemic spread geographically, and the high rate of mortality of its victims prompted many countries around the world to institute ‘lockdowns’ of various sorts to contain it. While the global concern in the early months following the emergence of COVID-19 was with health impacts, the ‘lockdown’ measures put in place by governments triggered global socioeconomic shocks as economies entered recessions due to disruption of economic activity that the ‘lockdown’ measures entailed. Data suggests that the socioeconomic shocks arising from ‘lockdowns’ have been more severe in sub-Saharan Africa countries, generating dire livelihood consequences for most citizens who depend on the informal economy for survival. In Zambia, the effects of COVID-19 combined with a severe drought, and a decline in mining activity to contribute to a downward spiral in Zambia’s economy. This report aims to gain real-time insights into how the COVID-19 crisis was unfolding in Zambia and how rural people and food and livelihood systems were responding. The study focused on documenting and understanding the differential impacts of the pandemic at the household level in terms of changes in participation in farming activities, availability of services for agricultural production, labour and employment, marketing and transport services, food and nutrition security and poverty and wellbeing.
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Бондаренко, Ольга Володимирівна, Світлана Вікторівна Мантуленко, and Андрій Валерійович Пікільняк. Google Classroom as a Tool of Support of Blended Learning for Geography Students. CEUR-WS.org, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/2655.

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Abstract. The article reveals the experience of organizing blended learning for geography students using Google Classroom, and discloses its potential uses in the study of geography. For the last three years, the authors have tested such in-class and distance courses as “Cartography and Basics of Topography”, “Population Geography”, “Information Systems and Technologies in Tourism Industry”, “Regional Economic and Social World Geography (Europe and the CIS)”, “Regional Economic and Social World Geography (Africa, Latin America, Asia, Anglo-America, Australia and Oceania)”, “Socio-Economic Cartography”. The advantages of using the specified interactive tool during the study of geographical disciplines are highlighted out in the article. As it has been established, the organization of the learning process using Google Classroom ensures the unity of in-class and out-of-class learning; it is designed to realize effective interaction of the subjects learning in real time; to monitor the quality of training and control the students’ learning achievements in class as well as out of it, etc. The article outlines the disadvantages that should be taken into account when organizing blended learning using Google Classroom, including the occasional predominance of students’ external motivation in education and their low level of readiness for work in the classroom; insufficient level of material and technical support in some classrooms; need for out-of-class pedagogical support; lack of guidance on the content aspect of Google Classroom pages, etc. Through the test series conducted during 2016-2017, an increase in the number of geography students with a sufficient level of academic achievements and a decrease of those with a low level of it was revealed.
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Shiihi, Solomon, U. G. Okafor, Zita Ekeocha, Stephen Robert Byrn, and Kari L. Clase. Improving the Outcome of GMP Inspections by Improving Proficiency of Inspectors through Consistent GMP Trainings. Purdue University, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317433.

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Approximately 90% of the pharmaceutical inspectors in a pharmacy practice regulatory agency in West Africa have not updated their training on Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) inspection in at least eight years. However, in the last two years the inspectors relied on learning-on-the job skills. During this time, the agency introduced about 17% of its inspectors to hands-on GMP trainings. GMP is the part of quality assurance that ensures the production or manufacture of medicinal products is consistent in order to control the quality standards appropriate for their intended use as required by the specification of the product. Inspection reports on the Agency’s GMP inspection format in-between 2013 to 2019 across the six geopolitical zones in the country were reviewed retrospectively for gap analysis. Sampling was done in two phases. During the first phase sampling of reports was done by random selection, using a stratified sampling method. In the second phase, inspectors from the Regulatory Agency from different regions were contacted on phone to send in four reports each by email. For those that forwarded four reports, two, were selected. However for those who forwarded one or two, all were considered. Also, the Agency’s inspection format/checklist was compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) GMP checklist and the GMP practice observed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reporting skills and the ability of inspectors to interpret findings vis-à-vis their proficiency in inspection activities hence the efficiency of the system. Secondly, the study seeks to establish shortfalls or adequacies of the Agency’s checklist with the aim of reviewing and improving in-line with best global practices. It was observed that different inspectors have different styles and methods of writing reports from the same check-list/inspection format, leading to non-conformances. Interpretations of findings were found to be subjective. However, it was also observed that inspection reports from the few inspectors with the hands-on training in the last two year were more coherent. This indicates that pharmaceutical inspectors need to be trained regularly to increase their knowledge and skills in order to be kept on the same pace. It was also observed that there is a slight deviation in placing sub indicators under the GMP components in the Agency’s GMP inspection format, as compared to the WHO checklist.
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Lazonick, William, Philip Moss, and Joshua Weitz. The Unmaking of the Black Blue-Collar Middle Class. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp159.

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In the decade after the Civil Rights Act of 1964, African Americans made historic gains in accessing employment opportunities in racially integrated workplaces in U.S. business firms and government agencies. In the previous working papers in this series, we have shown that in the 1960s and 1970s, Blacks without college degrees were gaining access to the American middle class by moving into well-paid unionized jobs in capital-intensive mass production industries. At that time, major U.S. companies paid these blue-collar workers middle-class wages, offered stable employment, and provided employees with health and retirement benefits. Of particular importance to Blacks was the opening up to them of unionized semiskilled operative and skilled craft jobs, for which in a number of industries, and particularly those in the automobile and electronic manufacturing sectors, there was strong demand. In addition, by the end of the 1970s, buoyed by affirmative action and the growth of public-service employment, Blacks were experiencing upward mobility through employment in government agencies at local, state, and federal levels as well as in civil-society organizations, largely funded by government, to operate social and community development programs aimed at urban areas where Blacks lived. By the end of the 1970s, there was an emergent blue-collar Black middle class in the United States. Most of these workers had no more than high-school educations but had sufficient earnings and benefits to provide their families with economic security, including realistic expectations that their children would have the opportunity to move up the economic ladder to join the ranks of the college-educated white-collar middle class. That is what had happened for whites in the post-World War II decades, and given the momentum provided by the dominant position of the United States in global manufacturing and the nation’s equal employment opportunity legislation, there was every reason to believe that Blacks would experience intergenerational upward mobility along a similar education-and-employment career path. That did not happen. Overall, the 1980s and 1990s were decades of economic growth in the United States. For the emerging blue-collar Black middle class, however, the experience was of job loss, economic insecurity, and downward mobility. As the twentieth century ended and the twenty-first century began, moreover, it became apparent that this downward spiral was not confined to Blacks. Whites with only high-school educations also saw their blue-collar employment opportunities disappear, accompanied by lower wages, fewer benefits, and less security for those who continued to find employment in these jobs. The distress experienced by white Americans with the decline of the blue-collar middle class follows the downward trajectory that has adversely affected the socioeconomic positions of the much more vulnerable blue-collar Black middle class from the early 1980s. In this paper, we document when, how, and why the unmaking of the blue-collar Black middle class occurred and intergenerational upward mobility of Blacks to the college-educated middle class was stifled. We focus on blue-collar layoffs and manufacturing-plant closings in an important sector for Black employment, the automobile industry from the early 1980s. We then document the adverse impact on Blacks that has occurred in government-sector employment in a financialized economy in which the dominant ideology is that concentration of income among the richest households promotes productive investment, with government spending only impeding that objective. Reduction of taxes primarily on the wealthy and the corporate sector, the ascendancy of political and economic beliefs that celebrate the efficiency and dynamism of “free market” business enterprise, and the denigration of the idea that government can solve social problems all combined to shrink government budgets, diminish regulatory enforcement, and scuttle initiatives that previously provided greater opportunity for African Americans in the government and civil-society sectors.
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Community-based AIDS Prevention and Care in Africa: Results of four action-research interventions in East and Southern Africa. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv1998.1000.

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The Community Counseling Aides (CCA) project operating with support from the National AIDS Control Programme (NACP) in Uganda, is a government initiative being carried out in collaboration with local communities. As the Ministry of Health seeks to develop local capacity to support and operate these efforts at the community level, it has identified the need to improve the skills of local project staff so that they may begin to assume the responsibility for monitoring and evaluating their own program performance. This is part of an overall strategy on the part of the Ugandan Government to decentralize control and allocation of resources within the health sector to the local level. The CCA project’s experience in carrying out the four interventions described in this report goes beyond validating what people are doing at the local level. It provides evidence of how much more effective grassroots organizations can be in carrying out their work if provided with simple but appropriate forms of technical assistance. Modest investments of time, expertise, and financial support, executed in a participatory fashion, can yield generous returns.
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Facts about adolescents from the Demographic and Health Survey—Statistical tables for program planning: Central African Republic 1994–1995. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy21.1008.

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The Population Council initiated its work on adolescents in the mid-1990s. At that time, those advocating greater attention to adolescent issues were concerned about adolescent fertility—particularly outside of marriage—and adolescent “risk-taking” behavior. As an international scientific organization with its mandate centered around the needs of developing countries, the Council sought a more nuanced and context-specific understanding of the problems confronting adolescents in the developing world. In working with colleagues inside and outside the Council, it became clear that information on adolescents, and the way data are organized, were limiting the ability to understand the diversity of their experiences or to develop programs to address that diversity. In the absence of data, many adolescent policies were implicitly based on the premise that the lives of adolescents in developing countries were like those of adolescents in Western countries. In fact, significant numbers of young people in the West do not fit this description, and even larger groups within the developing countries. The Council created tables to more clearly describe the diversity of the adolescent experience by drawing on Central African Republic Demographic and Health Survey data. The tables, presented in this report, are intended to be used as a basis for developing programs.
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The female condom in Zimbabwe: The interplay of research, advocacy, and government action. Population Council, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv1999.1000.

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During the past decade, a significant increase in reported cases of HIV/AIDS in Zimbabwe prompted the government, local organizations, and international donors to intensify prevention efforts. As part of this response, in November 1996 Zimbabwe’s National AIDS Coordinating Programme invited Population Services International to launch a social marketing program to promote the female condom, making this protective device widely available for the first time in Africa. After an acceptability study showed that Zimbabwean men and women liked using the female condom, leaders of these organizations encouraged public discussion and media attention, which helped pave the way to approval and introduction of the device. This brief presents the findings of a case study conducted by Grace Osewe and sponsored by the Population Council’s HIV/AIDS operations research Horizons Project. The study reviewed the social and political factors that led to government approval and commercial introduction of the female condom in Zimbabwe.
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