Relevant bibliographies by topics / African elephant – Conservation – International cooperation

Academic literature on the topic 'African elephant – Conservation – International cooperation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "African elephant – Conservation – International cooperation"

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Sharp, Robin. "The African elephant: conservation and CITES." Oryx 31, no. 2 (April 1997): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1997.d01-99.x.

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Human beings have been making (and almost certainly trading in) ivory artefacts for some 10,000 years. Yet it is only 8 years since the Parties to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) placed a complete ban on international trade in elephant products by listing the African elephant Loxodonta africana on Appendix I at Lausanne in 1989. Nevertheless, at the 10th Conference of the Parties to CITES in Harare this coming June, the listing will be challenged again by three of the Southern African countries who originally opposed it. This article describes what has happened on the ground since 1989, the political developments, examines the downlisting proposals, and looks at possible ways forward in the short- and medium-term. The views expressed are personal to the author.
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STILES, DANIEL. "The ivory trade and elephant conservation." Environmental Conservation 31, no. 4 (December 2004): 309–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001614.

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In response to significant elephant population declines in the 1970s and 1980s because of poaching for ivory, the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in Asian and African elephant species by listing them on Appendix I in 1973 and 1989, respectively. Many southern African countries disagreed with the African elephant trade ban and have continued to argue against it since the mid-1980s. They maintain that their governments practise sound wildlife management policies and actions and, as a consequence, their national elephant populations have reached unsustainable size. They argue that they should not be penalized because other countries cannot manage their wildlife. Further, they say they need the proceeds from ivory and other by-product sales to finance conservation efforts. In 1997, the CITES Conference of Parties voted to allow Botswana, Namibia and Zimbabwe to auction off 50 tonnes of government ivory stockpiles to Japanese traders on a one-off experimental basis, which took place in 1999. Ivory trade opponents allege that this sale stimulated ivory demand, resulting in a surge of elephant poaching. Nevertheless, CITES voted again in 2002 to allow Botswana, Namibia and South Africa to auction off another 60 tonnes of ivory after May 2004. Trade opponents have launched an active campaign to prevent the sales, warning that they could provoke a renewed elephant holocaust. This paper reviews available quantitative evidence on ivory trade and elephant killing to evaluate the arguments of the ivory trade proponents and opponents. The evidence supports the view that the trade bans resulted generally in lower levels of ivory market scale and elephant poaching than prevailed prior to 1990. There is little evidence to support claims that the 1999 southern African ivory auctions stimulated ivory demand or elephant poaching. Levels of elephant poaching and illegal ivory trading in a country are more likely to be related to wildlife management practices, law enforcement and corruption than to choice of CITES appendix listings and consequent extent of trade restrictions. Elephant conservation and public welfare can be better served by legal ivory trade than by a trade ban, but until demand for ivory can be restrained and various monitoring and regulation measures are put into place it is premature for CITES to permit ivory sales.
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Zhang, Xinyu, Yuxuan Hu, Zhongyi Zhang, Yuhan Fu, and Yi Xie. "Chinese public willingness of international wildlife conservation: A case study of African elephant." Biodiversity Science 29, no. 10 (2021): 1358–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.17520/biods.2021082.

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Cartwright, John. "Is There Hope for Conservation in Africa?" Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00000562.

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The listing of the African elephant in Appendix I to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in late 1989 provided a dramatic indicator of the overwhelming pressures threatening the natural heritage of a number of states in Africa. While both their leaders and international organisations express concern about the longterm environmental stability of many areas, the more immediate economic difficulties in producing enough food and obtaining sufficient foreign exchange to finance essential imports and service debts mean that effective conservation measures have been largely neglected.
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Cartwright, John. "Is There Hope for Conservation in Africa?" Journal of Modern African Studies 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 355–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x00003529.

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The listing of the African elephant in Appendix I to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species in late 1989 provided a dramatic indicator of the overwhelming pressures threatening the natural heritage of a number of states in Africa. While both their leaders and international organisations express concern about the longterm environmental stability of many areas, the more immediate economic difficulties in producing enough food and obtaining sufficient foreign exchange to finance essential imports and service debts mean that effective conservation measures have been largely neglected.
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Maingi, John K., Joseph M. Mukeka, Daniel M. Kyale, and Robert M. Muasya. "Spatiotemporal patterns of elephant poaching in south-eastern Kenya." Wildlife Research 39, no. 3 (2012): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr11017.

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Context Poaching of the African elephant for ivory had been on the increase since 1997 when the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) allowed a one-off legal sale of ivory by several southern Africa countries. In Kenya, reports indicate continuous year-to-year increase in elephant poaching since 2003. Aims The goals of the study were to describe the temporal and spatial patterns of elephant poaching in south-eastern Kenya between 1990 and 2009, and examine relationships between observed patterns of poaching, and human and biophysical variables. The study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) how has elephant poaching varied seasonally and annually; (2) what are the spatial patterns of elephant poaching in the Tsavo Conservation Area (TCA); and (3) what are the relationships between observed patterns of poaching and human and biophysical variables? Methods The study used elephant-poaching data and various GIS-data layers representing human and environmental variables to describe the spatial and temporal patterns of elephant poaching. The observed patterns were then related to environmental and anthropogenic variables using correlation and regression analyses. Key results Elephant poaching was clustered, with a majority of the poaching occurring in the dry season. Hotspots of poaching were identified in areas with higher densities of roads, waterholes, rivers and streams. The Tsavo East National Park and the Tsavo National Park accounted for 53.7% and 44.8% of all poached elephants, respectively. The best predictors for elephant poaching were density of elephants, condition of vegetation, proximity to ranger bases and outposts, and densities of roads and rivers. Conclusions Predictor variables used in the study explained 61.5–78% of the total variability observed in elephant poaching. The location of the hotspots suggests that human–wildlife conflicts in the area may be contributing to poaching and that factors that quantify community attitudes towards elephant conservation may provide additional explanation for observed poaching patterns. Implications The poaching hotpots identified can be a used as starting point by the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) to begin implementing measures that ensure local-community support for conservation, whereas on other hotspots, it will be necessary to beef-up anti-poaching activities. There is a need for Kenya to legislate new anti-poaching laws that are a much more effective deterrence to poaching than currently exist.
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Adams, Rachelle. "Delegitimizing Ivory: The Case for an Ivory Trade Ban Treaty." AJIL Unbound 108 (2014): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002099.

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In Romain Gary’s novel Roots of Heaven, Morel, a French national in despair over the plight of Africa’s elephants, resolves to promote an international convention that will ban all hunting of elephants. The setting is colonial Chad in French Equatorial Africa in 1953, and, evocative of the current crisis, the story relates that thirty thousand elephants had been killed that year alone. The theme of the use of international law to protect the elephant weaves throughout the narrative. Morel is obsessed with gathering signatures to his petition for the new treaty, to counter “the notoriously insufficient laws for the protection of the African fauna.” The key international treaty at that time was the 1933 Convention Relative to the Preservation of Fauna and Flora in their Natural State. This convention had been adopted at the urging of scientists anxious over the devastation of elephant (and other wildlife) populations, by colonial governments more concerned over the implications for the ivory trade. The convention regulated hunting for trade and for trophies, as well as subsistence hunting, and provided for the conservation of the elephant as part of a management plan for this very lucrative colonial trade. Admittedly, although its primary objective was the steadfast supply of elephants for their tusks, this treaty did stalwartly stand between traders, governments, and consumers on the one hand, and the final demise of elephants on the other.
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van Amerom, Marloes, and Bram Büscher. "Peace parks in Southern Africa: bringers of an African Renaissance?" Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 2 (June 2005): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05000790.

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The pursuit of an African Renaissance has become an important aspect of regional cooperation between South Africa and its neighbours. Transfrontier conservation areas, or ‘Peace Parks’ as they are popularly called, have been identified as key instruments to promote the African Renaissance dream, and are increasingly advocated and justified on this basis. By fostering joint conservation (and tourism) development in Southern Africa's marginalised border regions, Peace Parks are claimed to further international peace, regional cooperation and poverty reduction, and thus serve basic ideals of the African Renaissance. This article critically explores this assumption. Using the joint South African-Mozambican-Zimbabwean Great Limpopo Park as a case study, it argues that in reality the creation of Peace Parks hardly stimulates and possibly even undermines the realisation of the African Renaissance ideals of regional cooperation, emancipation, cultural reaffirmation, sustainable economic development and democratisation. So far, their achievement has been severely hindered by domination of national interests, insufficient community consultation, and sensitive border issues such as the illegal flows of goods and migrants between South Africa and neighbouring countries. Furthermore, exacerbation of inter-state differences induced by power imbalances in the region, and harmonisation of land use and legal systems across boundaries, are increasingly becoming sources of conflict and controversy. Some of these problems are so severe, we conclude, that they might eventually even undermine support for African Renaissance as a whole. Utmost care is thus required to optimally use the chances that Peace Parks do offer in furthering an African Renaissance.
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Asmah, Josephine. "Historical Threads: Intellectual Property Protection of Traditional Textile Designs: The Ghanaian Experience and African Perspectives." International Journal of Cultural Property 15, no. 3 (August 2008): 271–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739108080168.

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AbstractDefining the relationship between folklore and intellectual property continues to be an ongoing debate. Some challenges in defining this relationship center on the main characteristics of intellectual property, namely, the eligibility criteria and limited protection period that make the current construction of intellectual property incompatible with folklore protection. However, countries like Ghana have been using the intellectual property system as one of its tools to protect folklore. This article focuses on traditional textile design protection in Ghana, establishing the importance and significance of these designs in Ghana's history and culture and why Ghana is determined to protect these designs. After examining Ghana's efforts and the obstacles in its path as it uses the intellectual property law system to protect traditional textile designs, the article argues that there should be regional cooperation and international protection to strengthen individual national efforts.
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Hobbs, Jonathan. "Second Southern African International Conference on Environmental Management, held in Elephant Hills, Victoria Falls, Zimbabwe, during 18–21 October 1994." Environmental Conservation 22, no. 1 (1995): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900034238.

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Books on the topic "African elephant – Conservation – International cooperation"

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Environment, United States Congress House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the. Status of the African elephant: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Fisheries and Wildlife Conservation and the Environment of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, first session ... November 8, 1989. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Relations, United States Congress Senate Committee on Foreign. Ivory and insecurity: The global implications of poaching in Africa : hearing before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, May 24, 2012. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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Conservation, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Division of International. Asian Elephant Conservation Act: Summary report 1999-2001. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Division of International Conservation, 2002.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on African Affairs. The escalating international wildlife trafficking crisis: Ecological, economic and national security issues : joint hearing before the Subcommittee on African Affairs and the Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs of the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, second session, May 21, 2014. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2014.

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Sugg, Ike C. Elephants and ivory: Lessons from the trade ban. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1994.

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Oversight hearings on CITES meetings: Oversight hearings before the Subcommittee on Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife, and Oceans of the Committee on Resources, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, first session, on the upcoming CITES meeting; the results of Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), June 3 and July 17, 1997--Washington, DC. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Elephants & Ivory: Lessons from the Trade Ban (IEA Studies on the Environment). Coronet Books, 1994.

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Somerville, Keith. Ivory: Power and Poaching in Africa. C. Hurst and Company (Publishers) Limited, 2019.

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Ivory: Power and poaching in Africa. Hurst, 2016.

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Book chapters on the topic "African elephant – Conservation – International cooperation"

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Gus, Waschefort. "Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Environmental Security, Ch.33 Wild Fauna and Flora Protection." In The Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198827276.003.0034.

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This chapter explores wild fauna and flora protection. Recently, the United Nations Security Council, which bears ‘primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security’, has adopted a number of resolutions regarding the security situations in the Democratic Republic of Congo and the Central African Republic, in which a nexus is recognized between the poaching and associated illicit trade in wild fauna and flora (particularly elephant ivory) and international peace and security. While the chapter is concerned specifically with the link between the protection of wild fauna and flora and global security, the international legal regime geared towards such protection is most developed in the context of conservation and trade. The chapter looks at the broader conservation framework, with particular emphasis on the regime created by the 1973 Convention on Illegal Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). CITES is the apex instrument for the regulation of trade in wild fauna and flora.
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