Journal articles on the topic 'African development cooperation'
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Mensah, Chaldeans. "China and Japan in Africa: Globalization and New Norms of Development Assistance and Cooperation." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 4, no. 2 (August 20, 2015): 157–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2015.v4n2.03.p157.
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Globalization has shifted the fortunes of states and established new patterns of political and economic interchange, with attendant challenges to traditional norms of development assistance and cooperation. Two Asian economic winners in the globalization game – Japan and China – are contributing novel paths of dealing with Africa that challenge traditional approaches to development assistance. This is positioning both states to contribute to our understanding of ways to address the development challenges of the continent that shifts from past preoccupations with humanitarianism to development cooperation that is modeled on partnership, African ownership and mutual benefit. This new focus also accords greater input to African leaders in determining their own development requirements, while extending Sino-Japanese rivalry to the African development cooperation space. Both countries have established inter-governmental linkages with Africa through special conference diplomacy with African leaders to discuss the process and content of cooperation – Japan’s Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD), and China’s Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC). This paper offers a comparative analysis of China and Japan’s approaches to development assistance and cooperation in Africa, and assesses how their systematic engagement with the continent is challenging the old patterns of development assistance, and highlighting the continent’s slow rise from the margins of globalization.Keywords: Go Globalism, China’s Africa policy, Post Reactive State, OECD/DAC, South-South Cooperation, Japan’s Africa Policy, TICAD, FOCAC, Norms. Resumo:Com o processo de globalização, vimos uma mudança nas fortunas dos estados e o estabelecimento de novos padrões de intercâmbio nos campos políticos e econômicos, que são acompanhados por desafios as perspectivas tradicionais sobre assistência e cooperação para o desenvolvimento. O Japão e a China, dois ganhadores asiáticos no jogo da globalização, estão apontando novos caminhos nas maneiras de se relacionar com a África que desafiam as abordagens tradicionais a assistência para o desenvolvimento. Isso posiciona ambos Estados para contribuírem com o entendimento de opções para enfrentar os desafios de desenvolvimento do continente que se desloca das antigas preocupações com o humanitarismo para o desenvolvimento cooperativo moldado pelo conceito de parceria, propriedade africana, e benefícios mútuos. Esse novo foco pretende oferecer uma abertura para uma contribuição mais ampla da liderança africana na definição dos próprios interesses para o desenvolvimento, quanto no processo, estendendo-se a rivalidade entre os japoneses e os chineses no espaço do desenvolvimento cooperativo na África. Ambos os países têm estabelecidos ligações intergovernamentais com os países africanos por meio da diplomacia nos congressos especiais com os líderes africanos para discutir o processo e conteúdo da cooperação. No Japão, o Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) e na China, o Forum on China-African Cooperation (FOCAC). Consideramos as políticas e os perspectivos desses dois países – os chineses de “Go Globalism” e os japoneses do estado pós-reativo – sobre a maneira de ajudar e colaborar com o desenvolvimento na África. Tratamos especificamente de verificar se esses investimentos sistematizados apoiam a autonomia africana em comparação aos padrões antigos do desenvolvimento. A questão chave é se os dois atores se desviam das normas existentes da cooperação no desenvolvimento de maneira significativa. Concluímos que até agora não há informação suficiente para determinar que a presença desses dois estados na África deve ser tratada como uma mudança paradigmática das práticas normativas na cooperação no desenvolvimento desse continente.Palavras-chave: Go Globalism, Política chinesa para África, Estado pós-reativo, OECD/DAC, Cooperação Sul-Sul, Política japonesa para África, TICAD, FOCAC, normas. DOI: 10.20424/2237-7743/bjir.v4n2p157-197
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Armel, Kaze. "Trilateral Cooperation." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 03 (January 2020): 311–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500189.
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Over the years, China has forged and mastered its own distinctive foreign aid practices as an emerging aid donor. China’s approach to foreign assistance has become highly appreciated as the country’s stature as a provider of economic assistance has matured. In 2013, under President Xi Jinping, Beijing introduced the Belt and Road Initiative, which has become a leading component of China’s foreign policy and triggered a new round of policy reform in its foreign aid agenda. In Africa, China’s foreign assistance has kept in line with the policy of equal treatment. It has shared its development experience, helped many African countries to transition from “poor” to “developing”, from “aid recipients” to “wealth creators,” and many African countries are thus turning their interests from the West to the East. Certainly, the European Union as a traditional aid donor, remains the largest aid distributor in the world, especially in Africa. In other words, the EU’s foreign assistance has become an indispensable source of funding for many African countries. However, foreign aid effectiveness remains low on the African continent because of the absence of native African policymakers in aid programs designed and implemented by Beijing and Brussels. Some critics argue that Chinese and European assistance to Africa is not bringing about the best results as expected. This article argues that a new international architecture of foreign assistance through trilateral cooperation is needed to increase Chinese and European aid effectiveness in Africa. Trilateral cooperation will not only increase foreign assistance efficiency in Africa, but also give a chance to African countries to strengthen their own development capacity through assistance and guidance, reduce Africa’s aid dependence, and hopefully guarantee a smooth “graduation” of African countries from official development assistance.
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Zabella, Anastasiia A. "Africans in China and its influence for China-Africa relations." RUDN Journal of World History 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2019): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8127-2019-11-1-65-75.
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Recent years, steadily growing China’s influence on Africa. Africa is often called “China’s second continent”, which is associated with an enhanced Chinese presence on the African continent. However, the question of the presence of Africans in China and the influence on the development of Chinese-African relations, which will be the subject of this article, remains little studied. This topic is of particular interest because of the initiative of the PRC President Xi Jinping to create the Center for Innovative Cooperation between China and Africa to promote innovation among youth and entrepreneurship, voiced during the China-Africa Cooperation Forum (FOCAC) held in Beijing in early September 2018. In this article, the author will highlight the important historical events of the development of the Chinese-African dialogue, consider the main cities with a high percentage of the African population, identify the reasons for the presence of Africans in China and the impact on the development of cooperation between the parties.
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Zhou, Jinyan. "China-UK Cooperation on African Peace and Security." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 06, no. 01 (January 2020): 103–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740020500049.
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Three major factors have made closer China-UK cooperation on African peace and security not only desirable but also feasible: expanding convergence of outlook and overlap of interests, the pan-African vision of peace and development as outlined in Agenda 2063, and the launch of a global comprehensive strategic partnership between Beijing and London. At the same time, the increasing securitization of Britain’s aid policy, Africans’ growing concern about unwarranted external intervention in continental affairs, and disparate development priorities may present significant challenges for closer trilateral coordination. The prospects of China-UK cooperation on African peace and security depend on whether Beijing and London can narrow differences, achieve policy alignment, and build a multilayered security cooperation mechanism. This article proposes three priorities where closer three-way coordination can contribute to African peace and security: a regularized China-UK-Africa peace dialogue, a development-centered approach to conflict prevention and response, and increased cooperation on nontraditional security risks.
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Volkov, S. "A New Epoch in the Development of Russian-African Cooperation." World Economy and International Relations 64, no. 12 (2020): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2020-64-12-113-122.
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The article contains an analysis of the current state of trade and economic relations between Russia and African countries, as well as the prospects for their development after the first Russia-Africa Summit and the Economic Forum in Sochi in October 2019. The author notes a large surplus in Russia’s trade with Africa and explains the reasons for the dominance of the countries of North Africa, and especially Egypt, in its geographical structure. The main product groups are listed, through which Russia can increase exports to Africa; Russia’s main competitors in trade with the continent as well as state support measures for exporters are described. However, the main contribution to the development of Russian-African economic ties in the future will be made not by foreign trade, but by economic cooperation. Its flagships are now three major projects worth more than $1 billion each, all of which are carried out in Egypt. Among Russian companies investing in the economies of African countries, mining ones are currently dominant. Of these, Rosneft made the biggest investments. This company develops the largest gas field in Egypt – Zohr, and implements projects also in Mozambique. Exploration, finance and the IT technology sector are also of particular interest to Russian companies in Africa. The author indicates the most promising areas for the development of Russian- African industrial cooperation and the transfer of Russian technologies to this continent. In addition, in recent years, Russia and African countries have increasingly regarded security as an important area of bilateral relations. The article reveals the main threats to the security of African countries, the ability of Russian companies to strengthen it and Russia’s contribution to UN peacekeeping operations in Africa, in comparison with contributions of the other permanent members of the Security Council. It describes a number of measures that can contribute to the development of Russian-African partnership in the context of the Sochi consensus.
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Liu, Philip H. P. "Finding the Baoding Villages: Reviewing Chinese Conceptualisation of Sino-African Agricultural Cooperation." Africa Spectrum 53, no. 2 (August 2018): 91–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971805300205.
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Scholars usually examine African images of the Chinese to understand African responses to Chinese economic expansion, yet they rarely observe that a constructed image of Africa has been built up in China. That image is intrinsically racist and promotes the idea that Chinese investment can somehow “rescue” Africans from their “laziness.” This paper analyses the enduring legend of the Baoding villages, constructed to persuade the Chinese public that Chinese farmers could easily make their fortunes and win respect in Africa. A review of the history of Sino–African agricultural cooperation reveals that this fabricated narrative was convincing because it reinforced Chinese perceptions of African inferiority and reproduced existing ideologies of foreign aid and propaganda concerning policy effectiveness.
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Houndjahoue, Michel, Julius Emeka Okolo, and Stephen Wright. "West African Regional Cooperation and Development." Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue Canadienne des Études Africaines 26, no. 2 (1992): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/485884.
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Dunn, D. Elwood, Julius Emeka Okolo, and Stephen Wright. "West African Regional Cooperation and Development." African Studies Review 34, no. 3 (December 1991): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524145.
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Weeks, John. "Regional cooperation and Southern African development." Journal of Southern African Studies 22, no. 1 (March 1996): 99–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03057079608708480.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2097.
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Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
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Borishpolets, Ksenija. "Russian Strategic Interests in Africa." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1-2 (March 28, 2019): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2019-0-1-2-7-15.
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Status of Africa in Russian foreign policy is characterized by combination of high interests in multidirectional development of cooperation with some restrictions defined by geodistance, political instability, economic specifications of potential partners as well as unpreparedness of Russian business to manage projects within African realities. However development of cooperation between Russia and African states is in trend of Russian international strategy and shall be supported not only by practice of international relations but also by business and humanitarian cooperation and expansion of objective knowledge about African realities. After the period of reduction of Russian presence in Africa in the early 90-th, in recent 10-15 years we witness the inverse trend, that is controversially assessed by Russian and foreign experts. However the author of the article believes that the situation in 2018-2020 is positive, stable and predictable in general. That may be proved by system analysis of the system moments: role of Africa in current world order, cooperation of Russia with African states, promotion of Russian interests in the African region. That is worth mentioning that Russian policy at African direction increases its economic efficiency and material data of Russian-African economic cooperation is gradually growing.
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Papatheologou, Dr Vasiliki. "European Union (EU)-China-Africa Triangular Cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative: The Way Forward." Urban Studies and Public Administration 2, no. 4 (November 15, 2019): p226. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/uspa.v2n4p226.
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The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) offers a platform for trans-regional cooperation, connects Asia and Europe with Africa, strengthens European Union (EU)-China-Africa triangular cooperation and provides development opportunities for the African countries. In the region of Africa, Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is perceived as a mechanism for interregional dialogue with concrete results in the areas of peace, security, infrastructure, sustainable development and in assisting African states to achieve the SDG’s. The trilateral cooperation is enriched by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) for a deeper economic integration and for promoting regional security in Africa.
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Zakic, Katarina, and Bojan Radisic. "The economic aspect of Chinese-African relations: Possibilities and challenges." Medjunarodni problemi 70, no. 3 (2018): 282–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1803282z.
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The paper analyses Chinese-African economic relations, starting from the 1970s until today, with a view on possible trends in their future development. This cooperation was first founded on a political level and then followed economic cooperation. The goal of this paper is to present the development of Chinese-African relations, to point out the crucial moments and possibilities of these relations and to analyse the present and future problems. Considering extensive economic and political documentation, the authors analyze the phase development of these relations, looking upon the correlation between the economy and politics. Besides that, the level of trade and investments in both directions is examined. Special attention is paid to Chinese investments in Africa, with an analysis of the value and type of investments, as well as the field of industry in which they are engaged. The authors conclude that China and Africa have attained political and economic relations on the highest level so far and that through new initiatives, such as the Forum on China African Cooperation, this cooperation is developing even further. Nevertheless, there are also serious challenges for future cooperation such as a huge debt of African countries, disbalance in trade and extensive use of natural resources in Africa.
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de Jonge, Alice. "Australia-China-Africa investment partnerships." critical perspectives on international business 12, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 61–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-01-2014-0003.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine the potential for “triangular cooperation” between investment partners from Australia, China and host African nations to contribute to the economic development in Africa. Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses a number of complementarities between Australian and Chinese investors in mining, agriculture, energy, research and education and finance – sectors vital to Africa’s future development. These complementarities are examined in light of recent development studies on the benefits of triangular cooperation and recent literature examining links between foreign direct investment (FDI) policy and economic development. Findings – The paper concludes that there is much to be gained by making the most of the existing and potential synergies between Australian, Chinese and local investors in African settings. Research limitations/implications – The implications of this paper are, first, that African nations should keep the benefits of triangular cooperation in mind when designing FDI policies and, second, that Australian and Chinese investors should be more willing to explore potential investment partner synergies when investing in Africa. The paper also suggests an agenda for future research into how good design of FDI policies might best promote healthy economic development in African nations. Practical implications – Australian and Chinese companies should be more willing to explore potential avenues for cooperation when investing in Africa, while African governments should be more mindful of how rules and policies can maximise the local benefits of FDI. Social implications – African governments should be more mindful of the quality, rather than the quantity of FDI when drafting relevant laws and policies. Originality/value – The value of the paper is in applying the concept of “triangular cooperation” to direct investment. The paper also provides an original focus on Australia-China investment synergies in African settings.
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Pasler, Jann. "Music and African Diplomacy at the Festival Mondial des Arts Nègres, Dakar, 1966." Diplomatica 3, no. 2 (December 28, 2021): 302–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25891774-03020004.
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Abstract To celebrate independence from France and promote better understanding between “continents, races, and cultures,” in 1966 Senegal produced the World Festival of Negro Arts. Forty-five nations participated. At its core were diplomatic goals involving music. Not only could music help Africans recover their pre-colonial heritage, it encouraged dialogue among cultures and cultural development fueling liberation from the colonial past. Listening for what was shared, as in jazz, and cooperating internationally, as in the Gorée spectacle and recordings competition, encouraged mutual understanding, the basis of alliances world-wide, essential for prosperity. By including African Catholic music, anglophone as well as francophone contributions, and radio broadcasts across Africa, the festival promoted inter-African alliances, necessary for lasting peace in Africa. Here, amid the cold war and this diverse soundscape of musical activities in Dakar, an African mode of diplomacy found its voice and its power. Dialogue, exchange, and cooperation would inspire a new future.
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Dju, Orlindo, Johnatan Da Costa Santos, Darinka Brosovich Flores, and Jorge Marko Calderon Verduga. "African direction in the foreign policy of Brazil." OOO "Zhurnal "Voprosy Istorii" 2020, no. 11-1 (November 1, 2020): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31166/voprosyistorii202011statyi06.
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The article considers political, economic, social and cultural aspects of Brazilian-African cooperation at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. At the present stage, after two decades of active development, Brazilian policy towards Africa has been losing momentum. Nowadays the cooperation between Brazil and African countries requires developing a new strategy.
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van Amerom, Marloes, and Bram Büscher. "Peace parks in Southern Africa: bringers of an African Renaissance?" Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 2 (June 2005): 159–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05000790.
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The pursuit of an African Renaissance has become an important aspect of regional cooperation between South Africa and its neighbours. Transfrontier conservation areas, or ‘Peace Parks’ as they are popularly called, have been identified as key instruments to promote the African Renaissance dream, and are increasingly advocated and justified on this basis. By fostering joint conservation (and tourism) development in Southern Africa's marginalised border regions, Peace Parks are claimed to further international peace, regional cooperation and poverty reduction, and thus serve basic ideals of the African Renaissance. This article critically explores this assumption. Using the joint South African-Mozambican-Zimbabwean Great Limpopo Park as a case study, it argues that in reality the creation of Peace Parks hardly stimulates and possibly even undermines the realisation of the African Renaissance ideals of regional cooperation, emancipation, cultural reaffirmation, sustainable economic development and democratisation. So far, their achievement has been severely hindered by domination of national interests, insufficient community consultation, and sensitive border issues such as the illegal flows of goods and migrants between South Africa and neighbouring countries. Furthermore, exacerbation of inter-state differences induced by power imbalances in the region, and harmonisation of land use and legal systems across boundaries, are increasingly becoming sources of conflict and controversy. Some of these problems are so severe, we conclude, that they might eventually even undermine support for African Renaissance as a whole. Utmost care is thus required to optimally use the chances that Peace Parks do offer in furthering an African Renaissance.
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Medushevsky, Nikolay A., Liudmila A. Pechishcheva, and Alisa R. Shishkina. "AFRICAN VECTOR IN INDIA’S FOREIGN POLICY STRATEGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY (POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS)." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Political Sciences. History. International Relations, no. 3 (2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6339-2022-3-46-59.
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The research article is concerned with the mechanisms of cooperation between India and African countries in the latest historical period. The international support that India has provided to many African countries over the decades underscores the political commitment of the Indian leadership to speak on behalf of the nations of the global South. The government of Narendra Modi focuses on the common historical struggle of Indians and Africans against the colonial powers, as on the importance of developing cooperation in the politics, economy, energy, education, culture and humanitarian issues. The parties are interested in developing new approaches to environmental protection, and closely cooperate within the framework of the UN mechanism for sustainable development, actively participating in the formation and discussion of the climate agenda. Three successful Africa-India summits (in 2008, 2011 and 2015) showed a common interest in expanding the nature and areas of interaction. Moreover, India, experiencing an acute need for primary energy resources and minerals, sees in Africa not only a potential supplier of those resources, but also a capacious market for its products. In pursuit of all the interests mentioned, India, on the way of cooperation with African countries, often encounters the unpreparedness of African colleagues for direct dialogue, as well as opposition from other major players operating in the region. Among them, the UK and China play a key role. The authors come to the conclusion that at present India has a clear and comprehensive strategy for promoting its interests in Africa and considers the continent as a strategic one. At the same time, a large number of the variables associated with a specific process of interaction and regional development remain in the system of cooperation between India and African countries.
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Matveevsky, Sergey S. "African Development Bank: Impact on economic growth." Asia and Africa Today, no. 3 (2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750019247-3.
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The article examines the impact of the African Development Bank (AfDB) on economic growth. The main activity of the Bank is connected with the projects that create new assets and directly affect the economy. The large amount of total assets of all Development Banks in the world, the significant annual amount of financing they provide determine their importance for the global economy. The author concludes that economic growth is associated with the use of five strategic programs: "Feed Africa", "Give energy and power to Africa", "Develop the industrialization of Africa", "Integrate Africa" and "Ensure an improvement in the quality of life for Africans". The Bank uses strategies for cooperation with African countries, planning and implementing projects under these strategic programs. As a result, new jobs are being created, agricultural productivity is increasing, and the infrastructure of African countries is developing. The effectiveness of the AfDB's activities is related to the multi-level evaluation system it uses, which allows assessing the dynamics of development in Africa as a whole, its contribution to the successful implementation of all planned and accepted operations, the quality of these operations and the effectiveness of the Bank as an organization. This system allows qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the completed projects, the achievement of the set economic and social goals, provides information for the preparation and implementation of corrective control actions. The AfDB links the inclusiveness of economic growth with the emergence of positive consequences for a significant part of the population of African countries with the growth of GDP (an increase in the share of GDP per citizen).
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Aleshin, Kirill A. "Africa’s current issues and a new stage of cooperation with Russia." Asia and Africa Today, no. 11 (2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750016568-6.
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On May 24-26, 2021, the 15th International African Studies Conference «Destinies of Africa in the Modern World» was held, organized by the Institute for African Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences together with the Roscongress Foundation and with the support of the Russian News Agency TASS. The event was held both in a face-to-face and distant format. The plenary session (opening of the conference) was held in the TASS press center. It was attended by leading Russian scholars in the field of African studies, representatives of the authorities of the Russian Federation and the African Union, and African ambassadors to Russia. During the event the participants discussed such issues as the current state of cooperation between Russia and African countries, the interaction of state institutions, business, and the academic community of the Russian Federation, priority areas for the development of partnership, including in the context of preparations for the second Russia-Africa Summit, which is scheduled to be held in 2022, as well as the role and significance of the conference itself. Russia's cooperation with African countries is complex and includes both trade and economic and humanitarian components. Within the frames of 48 sections, which were attended by more than 500 participants from 5 continents, the participants considered in detail within the entire spectrum of socio-humanitarian knowledge the current problems of Africa and the prospects for the development of Africa, the prospects of Russia-Africa cooperation. The recommendations following the results of the plenary session and sections of the conference can be used in developing the approaches to cooperation with African countries, and the very fact of holding such a large-scale event allows to speak of Russia as one of the world centers of African studies.
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Debongo Devincy Yanne Sylvaire. "An Analysis of Constraints to Economic and Trade Cooperation between the China-Africa Community with a Shared Future." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 10, no. 5 (October 5, 2020): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.10.5.3.
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The constraints in the economic and trade cooperation of the China-Africa community of shared future that cannot neglect. The main constraints to the development of China-Africa economic cooperation include the imbalance of China-Africa economic and trade, the unitary commodity structure, and competition in the international market. There are differences in the political and legal values between China and Africa. Western developed countries restrict and exclude the economic cooperation between the Chinese and African communities, fabricate the China threat theory, and seek energy and political interests to disrupt the smooth development of China-Africa economic and trade cooperation.
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Wei, Song. "Development Cooperation in Africa: Creating New Momentum for China-U.S. Relations." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 04, no. 04 (January 2018): 577–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500252.
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As China projects itself as an emerging donor of development aid, its development cooperation with Africa has garnered unprecedented attention from the world. While China is faced with many challenges in aid practices in Africa despite its remarkable achievements over the past decades, both developed countries and African countries set high expectations for China’s potential contribution. Against this backdrop, it is crucial for China to enhance trilateral cooperation with developed donors and share experience with them on how to manage aid programs. Based on successful cooperation in the past, China-U.S.-Africa trilateral cooperation will not only strengthen China-U.S. bilateral ties, but also improve China’s overall aid effectiveness to Africa. In the future, China should initiate more development cooperation programs and work to create a coordinating mechanism with the United States in areas of their common understanding and interests; it should also go beyond traditional means of assistance and try to get involved in the U.S.-led public-private partnership (PPP) projects.
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Petr, Blizkovsky, Grega Libor, and Verter Nahanga. "Towards a common agricultural policy in Africa?" Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 64, No. 7 (July 17, 2018): 301–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/310/2016-agricecon.
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The paper analyses the structure and level of international cooperation among African states in the area of agriculture and rural development. It focuses on the AU and its eight Regional Economic Communities. The international cooperation schemes between the World Bank, EU, FAO and African countries in agricultural policy are reviewed. The paper concludes that, despite numerous cross-border initiatives, governance of agricultural policies in the pan-African context remains fragmented. Policy-making and cooperation schemes need to be stepped up to address continent-wide challenges in the sector. There is an urgent need for the AU and the EU to intensify their cooperation in agricultural policies and development. The AU in collaboration with its regional bodies should establish a common agricultural policy for the continent. Such initiatives need to be Africa-driven and adapted to African needs. The EU should only provide technical know-how and institutional support if welcomed by African partners. Collective action towards rural areas via greater coordination of African agricultural policies and actions would help to develop the missing institutional framework needed for agricultural development in the continent. Fostering economic growth through agricultural development and reforms may also lead to a reduction of migration as witnessed by the EU in the sixties.
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Kinyondo, Abel. "Is China Recolonizing Africa? Some Views from Tanzania." World Affairs 182, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 128–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0043820019839331.
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This study assesses Sino-African cooperation with a view to understanding its nature and subsequently identifying ways to improve it. Using a mixed method that combined in-depth interviews, Afrobarometer, and Johns Hopkins’ China Africa Research Initiative (CARI) data, I find that, despite a few gains, China takes the lion’s share of benefits from the cooperation. Indeed, the balance of trade is skewed toward China, and there is very little Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) flowing to Africa. Moreover, ‘debt trap diplomacy’ is crippling African economies, raising alarm over whether China intends to recolonize the continent. Also, while Chinese aid is negligible, the amount of contracts revenues and diplomatic support it gets from the continent makes one think Africa deserves more from the cooperation. Nevertheless, China, just like any other country, acts in its nation’s interest. Therefore, it is incumbent upon African countries to ensure that they demand more from the cooperation. In the end, to address China’s hegemony over Sino-African cooperation, Africa should prioritize the development of local content through technological and skill transfers, curb corruption, and build a critical mass of negotiators.
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Kimaro, Octavian P., Kenneth Makokha, and John Muhenda. "Nkrumah and Philosophy of African Unity." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 9, no. 8 (September 3, 2022): 575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.98.12817.
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This article mainly focuses on African unity as understood by Nkrumah. African unity includes the struggle in various fields, political, social and economic. Nkrumah’s ideas about African unity were widely defined as a sustainable political strategy for the well-being of Africans across the continent. Such support fought against corruption and things that hold back the development of the continent. Such ideas also helped to develop African identity and social ideologies. The current leaders of independent African nations should learn from the founders of African nations due to their dreams that focused on the well-being all citizens. In the 21st century there is a need for greater cooperation between all countries within the African continent. What is the most important issue now is to promote African identity. This can be done in the implementation of development goals such as ending problems facing contemporary Africa like civil wars, poverty and individualism.
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Bräutigam, Deborah, and Tang Xiaoyang. "African Shenzhen: China's special economic zones in Africa." Journal of Modern African Studies 49, no. 1 (February 11, 2011): 27–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x10000649.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines recent Chinese efforts to construct a series of official economic cooperation zones in Africa. These zones are a central platform in China's announced strategy of engagement in Africa as ‘mutual benefit’. We analyse the background, motives and implementation of the zones, and argue that they form a unique, experimental model of development cooperation in Africa: market-based decisions and investment by Chinese companies are combined with support and subsidies from an Asian ‘developmental state’. Though this cooperation provides a promising new approach to sustainable industrialisation, we also identify serious political, economic and social challenges. Inadequate local learning and local participation could affect the ability of the zones to catalyse African industrialisation. The synergy between Chinese enterprises, the Chinese government and African governments has been evolving through practice. A case study of Egypt provides insight into this learning process.
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Alden, Chris, and Mills Soko. "South Africa's economic relations with Africa: hegemony and its discontents." Journal of Modern African Studies 43, no. 3 (July 28, 2005): 367–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x05001011.
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South Africa's growing economic presence across the African continent has sparked a debate in public and scholarly circles as to its intentions. While some have been quick to see South African business and parastatals as part of a larger hegemonic project pursued by Pretoria, the authors’ more structured analysis of economic ties with Africa reveals a more complex picture. Institutionalised forms of regional cooperation, such as SACU and SADC, must be contrasted with the activities of South African multinationals and parastatals on the wider African stage to understand the possibilities and limitations of hegemonic practice open to South Africa. Beyond its own region, a key determinant will be its relations with the other leading African power, Nigeria, as well as its ability to compete with other external actors. Finally, the role of ideology is a crucial measure of South African hegemony, and while certainly its ‘soft power’ is evident at the societal level, some African elites actively resist the pull of South Africa-based ideas.
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Lin, Ching-Chung, Hyacintha O. Faustino, and Shih-Ju Chan. "The Sino-African Cooperation: A Taiwanese Viewpoint." Research in Applied Economics 8, no. 1 (March 8, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v8i1.8400.
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<p>The study is to examine the contemporary trends of the Taiwanese economic involvement in<br />Africa and includes both Taiwanese and Chinese policy toward Africa. Emerging countries<br />are standing side by side in so-called “South-South” cooperation, and are taking advantage of<br />the decreasing image of Western nations following the economic crisis. We are challenging<br />the biased opinion portrayed by the Western press, which is negative toward Asian<br />involvement in African states, and that states the investors (China and Taiwan) are only<br />gaining from their investments. The ambitions on the continent are far from innocent, and<br />nations, such as China are looking to fulfill their demands for natural resources. We intend to<br />emphasize on whether the Chinese presence in Africa is purely resource-based, or if this<br />cooperation is bearing fruit in the future development of African states. The originality of this<br />study lies in its focus on a triangular (China, Taiwan, and Africa) view point of economic<br />interactions and implications because it includes Taiwanese economic involvement in African<br />markets. We hope that these findings, based on sources other than controversial Western<br />articles enable the reader to obtain a better understanding of the current situation, and form<br />their own opinion.</p>
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JIANBO, LUO, and ZHANG XIAOMIN. "Multilateral cooperation in Africa between China and Western countries: from differences to consensus." Review of International Studies 37, no. 4 (May 12, 2011): 1793–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210511000179.
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AbstractIn the 21st century, it is a great event in the field of international politics that both China and Africa are marching towards revival and more cooperation among each other. The old international order which centered on the West can no longer meet the demand of the changes of African geopolitical pattern. Therefore, it is high time to establish a multilateral cooperation mechanism concerning Africa's peace and development. The authors argue that there are differences in historical experience, diplomatic ideas and principles as well as extensive common grounds of diplomatic strategy and national interests between China and the West in respect of their relations with Africa. Both China and the West should promote talks which are more open, more cooperative and more conducive to a win-win end. In doing this, they can achieve a win-for-all result for all the parties involved.
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Asante, Richard. "China and Africa: Model of South-South Cooperation?" China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 04, no. 02 (January 2018): 259–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740018500124.
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Chinese officials often claim that their country’s massive involvement in Africa is an example of “South-South cooperation” with tremendous potential to unlock Africa’s development prospects. They maintain that China’s economic involvement in the continent is less exploitative and more relevant to local needs than the North’s. Starting from a relatively small amount of investment in the early 1990s, China has become Africa’s biggest economic partner. Yet, as the United Nations Conference on Trade and Investment (UNCTAD) and other studies have shown, Chinese trade and investment in Africa are reproducing African countries as exporters of raw materials and importers of manufactured goods. This paper deconstructs the uncritical view of China’s development cooperation with Africa as “South-South” cooperation, highlighting its potential tensions, incongruities, downsides, and dilemmas. It demonstrates both good and bad news. Recent data show that despite the slowdown of the Chinese economy and slump in prices of certain raw materials, the total value of China-Africa trade is on the rise, with Africa’s exports to China growing rapidly, indicating a narrowing gap between imports and exports in the bilateral trade. However, whether this phenomenon is sustainable remains in doubt. Dynamics of the boom and bust cycles of commodity markets, limited diversification, domestic institutional constraints, limited tariff exemptions and rising debt on African countries can all compromise the recent progress in China-Africa trade and exacerbate their asymmetrical relationship, reproducing the trade pattern between the West and African countries.
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Guo, Xiaoyang, Zixin Jia, and Yaohua Liu. "Sino-Africa Cooperation under the Influence of the Belt and Road Initiative." BCP Business & Management 16 (December 26, 2021): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v16i.245.
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The Belt and Road initiative is one of the most important parts of China’s overseas business strategy. The African region is also included in the Belt and Road initiative. This paper aims to study the important position of Africa in the Belt and Road strategy through the economic cooperation and project construction between China and Africa under the framework of the Belt and Road. China-Africa cooperation has a long history. Africa has many limitations in infrastructure but rich in natural resources. China’s strong manufacturing system can both make full use of natural resources from Africa and invest in African infrastructure. In recent years, China-Africa cooperation has been deepening and expanding in scale. The Belt and Road Initiative has brought win-win results to China and Africa. As China consumes excess capacity and realizes the goal of Chinese manufacturing going global, African countries have achieved economic development, improved infrastructure construction and stride toward industrialization.
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Kosyanov, V. A. "African horizons of Russian science and education." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 6 (March 19, 2020): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2019-6-5-10.
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Based on the results of the first Russia—Africa Summit and Economic Forum, priority areas of economic cooperation, according to which concrete results can be achieved in the coming years, were identified. These are modern and high-tech mining and processing of minerals, geological exploration, energy (including renewable energy sources), infrastructure development (specifically the construction of railways and housing), agriculture, digital technology, medicine, science and education. Cooperation between Russian universities and African countries occupies a special place. Currently implemented by the Sergo Ordzhonikidze Russian State University for Geological Prospecting (MGRI), the scientific and educational initiative for the development of the mineral resource base of Uganda, presented in June 2019 to the country’s President Yoweri Museveni, is the basis for International cooperation between Russian universities in the East African region.
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Zreik, Mohamad. "China and Europe in Africa: Competition or Cooperation?" Malaysian Journal of International Relations 9, no. 1 (December 30, 2021): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/mjir.vol9no1.3.
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This paper presents the development strategies of the European Union and China towards Africa. European development aid has always been accompanied by political and economic conditions such as adopting neoliberalist policies, democracy and regime modification. As for China, its development policies have not been conditional because it adopts the principle of non-interference in the internal affairs of other countries and a win-win strategy. The paper points to a great disparity between the Chinese and European development strategies. China represents the South-South development model, and the European Union provides the North-South development model. The development experience in Africa indicates the progress of the Chinese model and its attraction to the African governments and peoples.
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Kyirewiah, Francis Kwesi, and Getachew Toma Bilate. "Turkey - Africa Institutional Cooperation: Strategic Impacts, Significance and Challenges." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 4 (July 5, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.36941/mjss-2022-0026.
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The development of economic cooperation, diplomacy, and political relations between Turkey and Africa in the past years is attracting many courtesies. Current trends show an increasing engagement and relations between African nations and Turkey which seems to exhibit consistent growth since Ankara declared 2005 as ‘the year of Africa.’ This study examines the institutional cooperation, strategic impacts, their significance, and challenges to Turkey-Africa relations The argument is given based on the fact that Turkish ideologically distanced itself from the global South during and after the Cold War period. However, the fast-paced collaboration in the 21st century signifies a partial revision in its foreign policy orientations towards Africa. In the background of this revisionist orientation, Turkey considers Africa as a way of not only reframing its relations with its nations but also strengthening cooperation with African political and economic institutions. Despite their historical ties, both Africa and Turkey’s cooperation have not transcended to a comprehensive and strategic level. This study finding indicates that Turkey’s growing involvement in Africa reflects its need to establish new markets for its manufactured goods, and its defense and armaments industry and present itself as a relevant regional and global actor different from traditional western players on the continent. What is more, African leaders also seek to attract Turkish Foreign Direct Investment, diversify economic and political partners to reduce dependency, and fuel their state-building projects. Currently, the political cooperation between Turkey and Africa seems to be in good health. Turkey’s endeavors in the field of development cooperation demonstrate its dedication to the efforts aimed at poverty eradication and development for a better future for all. However, both Turkey-Africa’s institutional cooperation is less effective due to a lack of commitments from both sides, inadequate technological resources, political dynamics, and instabilities in some parts of Africa.
Received: 26 April 2022 / Accepted: 30 June 2022 / Published: 5 July 2022
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Li, Jinyang. "The Sino-Egyptian Suez Zone of Trade and Economic Cooperation as a promising model of economic development in Africa." Международные отношения, no. 2 (February 2022): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0641.2022.2.38388.
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The object of the study is the economic development of Africa within the framework of Sino-African cooperation. The subject of the study is the development of special economic zones created by Chinese-African cooperation. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of creating special economic zones within the framework of Sino-African cooperation as a promising model for the economic development of Africa. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as the process of creating the Sino-Egyptian Suez Zone of trade and economic cooperation, as well as some problems existing in the functioning of the zone. Special attention is paid to the successful experience of the functioning of China's special economic zones, as well as to the analysis of the possibility of applying Chinese experience to special economic zones in Africa. In this work, the author used such methods as analysis, synthesis of information from documents, comparison, induction and deduction. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the work compares China's special economic zones with those in Africa and analyzes the applicability of China's experience on the African continent, which gives possible promising models for the future economic development of Africa. The main conclusion of the study is a framework model for the rational development of economic zones in Africa, which includes the following elements: the choice of a location with the advantages of location for economic zones; the integration of special economic zones into a broader national policy in the field of economy, industry and urbanization, in order to prevent the transformation of special economic zones into "economic enclaves"; persistent experiments of political and administrative reforms and rapid dissemination of the successful experience gained in the economic zones throughout the country; support for the continuous development of infrastructure construction covering the economic zones and nearby cities as a catalyst for the sustainable development of the economic zones.
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Goncharov, Victor I., C. R. D. Halisi, and Yevgeny Tarabrin. "Recommendations: Southern African Development Coordination Conference and African Security." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 17, no. 1 (1988): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700500870.
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The overwhelmingly dominant regional power of southern Africa, South Africa, attempts to contain the political, economic, and military interdependence of neighboring states, irrespective of ideological preference. The Southern African Development Coordination Conference (SADCC) founded in 1980, is the response of the other states in the region to South Africa’s ambitions to maintain regional hegemony. Its nine member state are Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, and an independent Namibia is expected to join. The specific objectives of SADCC, as stated in the 1980 Lusaka Declaration, are the reduction of economic dependence in general (not only on South Africa); the forging of links to create a genuinely meaningful and equitable system of regional integration; the mobilization of resources to support national, interstate, and regional policies; and concerted action to secure international cooperation for the purpose of economic liberation.
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Shelton, Garth. "The FOCAC Process and Sino-African Strategic Partnership." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 02, no. 02 (January 2016): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740016500123.
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Historical records confirm that China’s increasing engagement with Africa through growing trade and investment has been a major boost for African economies. China’s comprehensive commitment to Africa through the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) has also made significant contribution to Africa’s overall economic development. The constructivist approach underpinning this paper suggests that FOCAC’s evolution can be positively shaped by all active participants toward increased mutual benefit and positive outcomes. With all the consensuses and commitments reached at the Johannesburg FOCAC summit (FOCAC VI) held in December 2015, a stronger Sino-African partnership is expected to take shape as both sides take efforts to enhance their win-win cooperation. The key future challenges for China and Africa are to implement the FOCAC VI Action Plan and develop a long-term FOCAC agenda which will broaden and strengthen win-win outcomes in the years to come. At the same time, Africa should try its best to ensure the successful implementation of FOCAC projects and facilitate China’s engagement, for a business-friendly environment in Africa, whether in policy, legal or social aspects, is the key to promoting the Sino-African strategic partnership and enhancing sustainable development of the African continent.
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Abramova, I., and L. Fituni. "Russia’s Strategy in the African Direction: what has Changed Since the Russia-Africa Summit 2019?" World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 12 (2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-12-68-78.
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More than two years have passed since the first Russia-Africa Summit and Economic Forum, which were successfully held in Sochi in October 2019. The very fact of holding an event of this magnitude testifies both to the historical “turn” of the Russian Federation towards the African continent, and to the unprecedented enthusiasm of the African side about the “return” of Russia to Africa. The task facing the organizers of the next Russia-Africa Summit is to consolidate and build on the success achieved in October 2019. Obviously, the second forum should not be a repetition of the first, but a qualitatively new step in the development of Russian-African relations, therefore, its meaningful content needs to be substantially enhanced and expanded. It is necessary to move from the formulation of goals and objectives of Russian policy in the African direction to the implementation of specific projects and the development of a mechanism and tools for mutually beneficial cooperation. It is vital to show the Africans exactly how Russia differs from other partners of the continent, and to highlight those areas of cooperation that can contribute to the implementation of the strategic development tasks of the Russian Federation and the African continent. The authors of the article posit, that the key link in our relations in the near future, which will be attractive for African countries and will contribute to the successful economic development of the Russian Federation, can be the development of bilateral opportunities for technological partnership, since it becomes for the interacting parties a driver for the development of their economies in the context of the fourth industrial revolution and an incentive to create new strategic alliances. In a post-pandemic world, the demand for Russian technologies in Africa can grow significantly, since Russia has high competencies in precisely those areas that are most in demand today on the African continent. The transfer of Russian technologies, as well as cooperation in the scientific field, are not only beneficial to Russia in terms of image, presenting Moscow as a force contributing to the advanced development of Africa and strengthening its economic sovereignty. It allows our country to form an army of its supporters in the states of the continent by solving the problem of overcoming technological backwardness and training qualified personnel who will master and promote specifically Russian technological solutions. In addition, Russia receives a vast “testing ground” for processing and improving its technologies, which are in demand by the fast-growing young African population, and a huge market for Russian high-tech goods and services, which is so necessary for many Russians, including regional, manufacturers who are ready to increase their production, but experience difficulties in marketing their produce.
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Augustine Umezurike, Samuel, Chux Gervase Iwu, and Lucky Asuelime. "Socio-economic implications of South Africa’s foreign direct investment in Southern African development." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 13, no. 3 (October 10, 2016): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.13(3-2).2016.08.
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Notwithstanding its struggles to tame the high levels of poverty and inequality, South Africa is considered as a major economic hub of Africa. However, as an economic hub, there are other countries that perceive South Africa as a capitalist, neo-liberal economy that goes all out to dominate not only its neighbors in the southern hemisphere, but also many other developing nations in the continent. Therefore, the main aim of the study is to assess the socio-economic implications of South Africa’s foreign direct investment in Southern Africa. As far as the authors are concerned, there is yet to be a frank analyses of the varying perspectives, as well as a holistic explanation of the clearly, yet complex relationship which exists between South Africa and many other countries in the southern hemisphere. While the authors acknowledge the efforts of several scholars in trying to juxtapoze the nuances in these relationships, they insist that there has not been a contextual treatment with due consideration for the socio-economic implications of South African business expansion in Africa. Thus, the authors sincerely believe that the paper has serious implications for emerging economies especially in Africa. Other African countries can learn from South Africa’s tactical brilliance; the way it has positioned its economy as a major economic hub in Africa with illustrious attractions that are derived from sophisticated infrastructure, a good educational system, a functional health care system and world class standard ecotourism. The study was conducted using documentary analysis and, therefore, allowed the researchers to source and utilize documents, both in private and public domain, on the basis of their relevance to the research. Keywords: democracy, foreign direct investment, public administration, Southern African Development Community, Southern African Customs Union, Southern African Power Pool, regional cooperation. JEL Classification: H5, N27, 016, 019, 024, 055
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Wei, Song. "Facilitating Industrialization in Africa: China’s Aid and African Industrial Capacity Building." China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 05, no. 04 (January 2019): 577–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740019500301.
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Industrialization has long been the focus of national development plans in many African countries. Yet, Africa today is less industrialized than it was four decades ago. Industrial capacity building has recently been prioritized in Beijing’s aid policy as a prerequisite for a thriving manufacturing sector in Africa. As a result, China’s aid and investment in Africa focus on three areas: manufacture, infrastructure, and economic zone development. The choices reflect Beijing’s four decades of experience in its own industrialization process. The two cases of Angola and Zambia presented in this article illustrate the constraining factors in Africa’s industrialization: a business-unfriendly financial environment, vast untapped labor and resource potentials, an imbalanced growth model, and cumbersome bureaucratic procedures. To help Africa achieve higher levels of integration and industrialization, Beijing ought to do more and better along five lines of effort: first, by delineating the role of development cooperation in China-Africa capacity building cooperation; second, upgrading African industrial capacity both at the macro- and micro-levels; third, supporting infrastructure and agricultural modernization across Africa; fourth, working with African subregional institutions to stimulate regional integration and industrialization; and fifth, building greater complementarities with international organizations in Africa.
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Zhu, Xia, and Gladson Chikwa. "An Exploration of China-Africa Cooperation in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges in Open Distance Learning." Open Praxis 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/openpraxis.13.1.1154.
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Cognisant of the wide range of cooperation between China and Africa and the existing strong Sino-African relationship, this article explores the international cooperation between Africa and China in the higher education domain, especially in the field of Open Distance Learning (ODL). The study employed data triangulation relying on both secondary and primary sources to address the main research questions. It sheds light on the development of ODL in Chinese Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) with a focus on professional development of university teachers. The article argues that ODL is crucial for emerging economies’ sustainable development. Key factors such as political, technological and socio-cultural features play a crucial role in the development and effective implementation of ODL. By exploring the potential opportunities and identifying related challenges, this article contributes to an understanding of how mutually beneficial partnerships between African universities and Chinese HEIs can be developed within the wider framework of Sino-African relationship.
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Tolstov, S. "GOALS AND PRINCIPLES IN PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EU AND THE AFRICAN UNION." ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS, no. 130 (2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.0.4-12.
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The African continent has traditionally been considered as Europe’s ‘backyard’. The Africa – EU partnership framework was established at the Africa – EU Summit in Cairo in 2000. In 2005 the European Commission issued a renovated EU Strategy for Africa aimed to establish a Euro-African pact to accelerate Africa’s development. Since then a considerable change has taken place on both continents, which challenge the way Africa and Europe perceive each other. On 29th June 2016 the African Union Commission and the EU signed the third phase of the African Union Support Programme. The goals of the EU – AU strategic partnership relations envisage a wide range of priorities in different areas including enhanced political dialogue, development assistance, joint management and joint responsibility, security cooperation, regulation of migrations, promotion of trans-regional projects etc. The joint EU – AU documents strengthen upon bilateral cooperation in addressing global issues, distributing burdens, mutual accountability, solidarity and mutual trust, equality and justice, respect for international law and agreements, gender equality and non-discrimination. However the actual results of interaction in such priority areas as peace and security, democracy, good governance and human rights, sustainable and inclusive development, economic growth, human development and continental integration remain rather low. Thus the European political experts often speculate on the ineffectiveness of the EU’s concept of normative power and external governance attempts in relation to the African states.
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Tolstov, S. "GOALS AND PRINCIPLES IN PARTNERSHIP RELATIONS BETWEEN THE EU AND THE AFRICAN UNION." Actual Problems of International Relations, no. 130 (2017): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2017.130.1.4-12.
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The African continent has traditionally been considered as Europe’s ‘backyard’. The Africa – EU partnership framework was established at the Africa – EU Summit in Cairo in 2000. In 2005 the European Commission issued a renovated EU Strategy for Africa aimed to establish a Euro-African pact to accelerate Africa’s development. Since then a considerable change has taken place on both continents, which challenge the way Africa and Europe perceive each other. On 29th June 2016 the African Union Commission and the EU signed the third phase of the African Union Support Programme. The goals of the EU – AU strategic partnership relations envisage a wide range of priorities in different areas including enhanced political dialogue, development assistance, joint management and joint responsibility, security cooperation, regulation of migrations, promotion of trans-regional projects etc. The joint EU – AU documents strengthen upon bilateral cooperation in addressing global issues, distributing burdens, mutual accountability, solidarity and mutual trust, equality and justice, respect for international law and agreements, gender equality and non-discrimination. However the actual results of interaction in such priority areas as peace and security, democracy, good governance and human rights, sustainable and inclusive development, economic growth, human development and continental integration remain rather low. Thus the European political experts often speculate on the ineffectiveness of the EU’s concept of normative power and external governance attempts in relation to the African states.
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Rupp, Caroline S. "Conference Report - Administration of Justice in Africa – Effectiveness, Acceptance and Assistance: Impressions from the Joint Conference of the Protestant Academy Loccum and the African Law Association (2007)." German Law Journal 9, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 845–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220000016x.
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“When a stone is put in your way, you can view it either as an obstacle – or as a stepping stone.” This well-known phrase was quoted in one of the opening speeches at the Joint Conference of the Protestant Academy Loccum and the African Law Association in Rehburg-Loccum, Germany, on 30 November 2007. It set the tone for a three-day conference on African law which explored the “Administration of Justice in Africa – Effectiveness, Acceptance and Assistance” in many facets, focusing on different countries and various approaches ranging from women's rights to development cooperation. The African Law Association (Gesellschaft für afrikanisches Recht e.V.), founded in 1973, aims at promoting and furthering the knowledge of the African legal systems. In keeping with the African Law Association's focus on different aspects of law in Africa – not only legal aspects, but also points of view from politics, history, development cooperation and ethnology – the conference participants came from various backgrounds: professors and lecturers from Germany and various African states were present as well as other members of the African Law Association and undergraduate and PhD students from several universities. A large student group, of which the author was a member, came from the University of Würzburg, their interest in African law awakened by a series of lectures in their home university and a cooperation project of the Faculty of Law of the University of Würzburg, the Namibian Ministry of Justice and the Legal Assistance Centre in Windhoek, Namibia.
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Tolstov, Serhii. "The EU’s Foreign Policy Towards African Countries." European Historical Studies, no. 7 (2017): 17–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2017.07.17-44.
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The article presents a review of the EU policy towards the African states in the early 21st century. It covers the main aspects and priorities of the EU’s relations with the countries of the region, including enhanced political dialogue, development assistance, migration control, negotiations on the new type of economic agreements. The goals and principles of the EU-AU cooperation were outlined in the Joint Strategy signed in Lisbon in December 2007. The strategic partnership relations envisage the EU’s assistance to the African states aimed at the development, security cooperation, the prevention and settlement of conflicts, migration management, promotion of trans-regional projects etc. The joint EU-AU documents strengthen upon bilateral cooperation in addressing global issues, distributing burdens, mutual accountability, solidarity and mutual trust, equality and justice, respect for international law and agreements, gender equality and non-discrimination. However, the actual results of interaction in the priority areas such as peace and security, democracy, good governance and human rights, sustainable and inclusive development, economic growth, human development and continental integration remain rather low. The essential factor influencing the EU’s policy in Africa is the conflict of interests of the fluent intra-regional actors. The contradictions between the EU, China and the U.S. intensify the economic competition and political rivalry. The gradual reduction of the EU’s share in trade with Africa is marked on the background of the growing economic presence of China and expanding trade of the African states with Asia.
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Deych, Tatiana L. "China and India cooperation with Africa in matters of peace and security." Asia and Africa Today, no. 9 (2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750021783-3.
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This article is devoted to the cooperation of China and India with African countries in defense and security issues. In an effort to consolidate their positions on the continent, Beijing and New Delhi are ready to assist African States in strengthening their armed and police forces, as well as in the fight against extremism and terrorism. They instruct African military specialists on Chinese and Indian bases and also in Africa. For several decades, peacekeeping has been at the center of Chinese and Indian efforts in Africa, which is increasingly shifting over time in favor of the assistance of these countries to the “African solution of African problems”. Both countries are among the leading participants in UN peacekeeping operations in Africa. At the same time, the growing competition of the “Asian giants” in the Indian Ocean zone is reflected in the priority development of the maritime strategy of China and India, seeking to strengthen their influence primarily in the coastal and island African States of this region. A number of factors dictate the interest of African countries in cooperation with China and India in the military sphere. Among them are the lack of political conditionality of military assistance and non-interference in the internal affairs of the countries of the continent.
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Godovanyuk, K. A. "ON THE PROSPECTS OF THE UK-AFRICA COOPERATION AFTER BREXIT." Вестник Удмуртского университета. Социология. Политология. Международные отношения 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2587-9030-2020-4-2-179-185.
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UK’s interests in Africa are driven by economic perspectives and natural resources. This becomes more relevant in the age of global transformation of contemporary system of international relations. In 2018 British government set to become the biggest investor to Africa among G7 countries. On the eve of formal withdrawal from the EU, London hosted the first UK-Africa Investment summit confirming British commitment to strengthen economic and business cooperation with Africa in post-Brexit age. After leaving the EU, the UK is free to pursue its own international trade agenda, the authorities pledged to boost UK position in Africa in light of growing competition. The UK’s historical ties with the region is an advantage (19 out of 53 members of Commonwealth is located in Africa). The author concludes that the African countries expect that London will liberalize its internal market for African products and migration rule for African people. Of particular importance in the dialogue with the countries of the Black Continent is the rhetoric of promoting the environmental agenda and assistance in combating epidemics. Discussion remains, however, about the extent to which Britain's humanitarian programmes and international development assistance can contribute to London's strategic objectives in Africa. In light of COVID-19 pandemic London has a chance to enhance its image in Africa.
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Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1.2097.
Full textAbstract:
Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
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Lagerkvist, Johan. "Chinese Views on Africa's Development and Sino—African Cooperation: Guest Editor's Introduction." Contemporary Chinese Thought 40, no. 1 (September 2008): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/csp1097-1467400100.
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Pepa, Mariasole. "Rethinking the Political Economy of Chinese-African Agricultural Cooperation: The Chinese Agricultural Technology Demonstration Centers." Afrika Focus 33, no. 2 (March 11, 2020): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-03302007.
Full textAbstract:
This paper explores the Chinese agricultural technology demonstration centers (ATDCs) in Africa, a recent evolution of Chinese-African agricultural cooperation often recognized as a representative example of South-South cooperation. More specifically, the study observes the development of the ATDCs in Africa, through a literature review, and indicates major limitations in ATDCs research. This paper proposes a new political economy approach that accounts for place and space, which are crucial lenses for the analysis of ATDCs in Africa. The reconsideration of spatial relations takes into account the importance of the local territory, where operations are based, as an active constituent in China-Africa agricultural cooperation.