Relevant bibliographies by topics / African coastal forest ecology

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters

Academic literature on the topic 'African coastal forest ecology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "African coastal forest ecology"

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Habel, Jan Christian, Camilo Zamora, Dennis Rödder, Mike Teucher, Ivon Cuadros-Casanova, and Christina Fischer. "Using indicator species to detect high quality habitats in an East African forest biodiversity hotspot." Biodiversity and Conservation 30, no. 3 (February 13, 2021): 903–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-021-02124-8.

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AbstractSpecies demanding specific habitat requirements suffer, particularly under environmental changes. The smallest owl of Africa, the Sokoke Scops Owl (Otus ireneae), occurs exclusively in East African coastal forests. To understand the movement behaviour and habitat demands of O. ireneae, we combined data from radio-tracking and remote sensing to calculate Species Distribution Models across the Arabuko Sokoke forest in southern Kenya. Based on these data, we estimated the local population size and projected the distribution of current suitable habitats. We found that the species occurs only in Cynometra woodland with large old trees and dense vegetation. Based on home range sizes and the distribution of suitable forest habitats, the local population size was estimated at < 400 pairs. Ongoing selective logging of hard-wood trees and the production of charcoal are reducing habitat quality of which will reduce the low numbers of O. ireneae, and of other specialist forest species, even further. Due to their close connection with intact Cynometra forest, O. ireneae is an excellent indicator of intact forest remnants. In addition, this species is a suitable flagship for the promotion and conservation of the last remaining coastal forests of East Africa.
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Burgess, Neil D., Colby Loucks, Sue Stolton, and Nigel Dudley. "The potential of forest reserves for augmenting the protected area network in Africa." Oryx 41, no. 2 (April 2007): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605307001895.

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AbstractThe protected area network of Africa has grown from nothing to over 2 million km2 in the past 110 years. This network covers parts of all biomes and priority areas for biodiversity conservation but protected area gaps remain, as identified at the 5th World Parks Congress in 2003. Forest reserves, managed by Forest Departments, are typically excluded from global protected area lists, but in Africa they are found in 23 countries and cover at least 549,788 km2, adding 25% to the conservation estate. Forest reserves protect 5.3% (2,027 km2) of the dry forest habitats, 5% (165,285 km2) of lowland and montane moist forests, 2.6% (364,354 km2) of savannah woodlands, 1.8% (10,561 km2) of flooded grasslands, and 1.65% (1,177 km2) of mangroves. Forest reserves also protect parts of three conservation schemes: 6.5% (61,630 km2) of BirdLife's Endemic Bird Areas, 3.4% (147,718 km2) of Conservation International's Hotpots and 3.4% (346,864 km2) of WWF's Global 200 Ecoregions. Several of the global protected area gaps identified in Africa are also covered by forest reserves, in the Eastern Arc Mountains, Eastern African coastal forests, Kenyan Highlands, Cameroon-Nigerian Mountains, West African Forests and mountain areas of Malawi, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Zambia. Some African forest reserves have a legally defined role in biodiversity conservation and are strictly protected; they thus fit criteria for protected areas. Working with forest departments in individual countries may help develop a more comprehensive protected area network without creating additional new reserves.
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Azeria, Ermias T., Isabel Sanmartín, Stefan Ås, Allan Carlson, and Neil Burgess. "Biogeographic patterns of the East African coastal forest vertebrate fauna." Biodiversity and Conservation 16, no. 4 (March 28, 2007): 883–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-006-9022-0.

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Traynor, C. H., and T. R. Hill. "Resource demand estimates for sustainable forest management: Mngazana Mangrove Forest, South Africa." Bothalia 38, no. 1 (August 14, 2008): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v38i1.274.

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Since democratization in 1994, South African forest policies have promoted sustainable forest management. However, implementation has been problematic due to limited information concerning forest product utilization. This paper investigates and quantifies timber use from the Mngazana Mangrove Forest. Eastern Cape Province. South Africa. Three local communities utilize stems of the mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata Lam. and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam. for building construction. There were two distinct building shapes, circular and rectangular. On average. 155 stems were used for circular buildings and 378 stems for rectangular buildings. Most buildings were constructed using mangroves as well as indigenous timber from coastal scarp forests. The proportion of mangrove stems in buildings varied from 0 to 95%. The annual demand for mangroves was estimated to be 18 400 stems. Due to the high annual demand, projected human population growth rates have a minor influence upon future demand values. For effective sustainable forest management, the standing stock at Mngazana should be restricted to the two mangrove species utilized for building construction, and a forest inventory performed so that demand for building can be compared to supply.
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Bleher, Bärbel, Christina J. Potgieter, David N. Johnson, and Katrin Böhning-Gaese. "The importance of figs for frugivores in a South African coastal forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 19, no. 4 (July 2003): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403003420.

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For many tropical forests a tendency for fruit production to fluctuate seasonally has been established, with pronounced peaks of abundance and periods of fruit scarcity during which a few important resources maintain frugivore communities. However, there is a lack of studies in subtropical forests on community phenology and on the identification of important resources. In this study, community-wide fruit availability and its use by the local frugivore community was investigated in the subtropical coastal dry forest of Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve, South Africa over 13 mo from July 1997 to July 1998. Along 19.5 km of phenology trails, 940 individuals of 96 plant species bearing fleshy fruits were monitored twice per month and fruit-eating animals observed. Although some fruit was available all year round richness of both fruiting species and fruit abundance showed a seasonal pattern with peaks at the end of August to beginning of October (i.e. before the rainy season) and March to May (i.e. after the rainy season). Periods of fruit scarcity were found in July and August (i.e. during the long dry season) and in November and December (i.e. during the rainy season). Fruits of 23 plant species were observed being eaten by 18 species of bird and two of monkey. Highest animal numbers were attracted by Ficus thonningii, a species that fruited asynchronously during most of the year and during periods of fruit scarcity, and provided high overall fruit biomass. The importance of this species as a potential keystone resource for the frugivore community is discussed.
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DESCHODT, CHRISTIAN M., and ADRIAN L. V. DAVIS. "New southern African species and a revalidation in the dung beetle genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with an updated key." Zootaxa 4624, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4624.2.10.

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Three new species are described in the genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), from upland grasslands of South Africa. They are Gyronotus dracomontanus Deschodt & Davis, new species, Gyronotus ovalis Deschodt & Davis, new species and Gyronotus kearneyorum Deschodt & Davis, new species. The South African coastal forest species, Gyronotus marginatus Péringuey, 1888, status revised, is removed from synonymy with Gyronotus pumilus (Boheman, 1857) and revalidated at species level. An updated key to all South African and eSwatini species is provided.
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Habel, Jan Christian, Elisabeth Koc, Roland Gerstmeier, Axel Gruppe, Sebastian Seibold, and Werner Ulrich. "Insect diversity across an afro-tropical forest biodiversity hotspot." Journal of Insect Conservation 25, no. 2 (February 10, 2021): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-021-00293-z.

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Abstract Tropical forests host a remarkable proportion of global arthropod diversity. Yet, arthropod communities living in tropical forests are still poorly studied, particularly for dry forests of Eastern Africa. The aim of this study was to analyse community structures, species richness and relative abundances of insects across a heterogeneous forest consisting of various forest types. We collected insects in the lower canopies with light traps across the Arabuko Sokoke forest, part of the East African coastal forest biodiversity hotspot in southeast Kenya. Sampling was conducted across three forest types and along the forest edge. In total we collected > 250,000 individuals. We grouped these individuals into orders, and beetles into (sub)families. Representatives of the taxonomically well-known beetle families Cerambycidae, Tenebrionidae and Scolytinae were further determined to species level. We subsequently classified these groups into guilds according to their ecological requirements and life-histories. Relative abundances of arthropods strongly differed among taxonomic groups and forest types. Evenness was highest in the heterogeneous natural Brachystegia forest type. The mixed forest type and the forest edges showed intermediate degrees of evenness, while the structurally homogenous Cynometra forest showed comparatively low degrees of evenness. Implications for insect conservation We found that taxonomic and guild compositions strongly differed among the forest types. Our findings reveal that structural heterogeneity of a forest is the major driver of insect diversity, community composition, and relative abundance. Our study underlines that the preservation of all three forest types is crucial to maintain the complete diversity of arthropods across all taxonomic groups.
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Johnson, S. D., and W. R. Liltved. "Hawkmoth pollination of Bonatea speciosa (Orchidaceae) in a South African coastal forest." Nordic Journal of Botany 17, no. 1 (March 1997): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1997.tb00286.x.

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Nzunda, Emmanuel Fred. "Sprouting, succession and tree species diversity in a South African coastal dune forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 195–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000659.

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Abstract:Sprouting may play a significant role in maintenance of plant diversity where prevailing disturbance frequency and severity allows. When disturbance frequency and severity decrease, strong sprouters may be outcompeted. As a result, species composition and diversity may change. This study was carried out to investigate the relationship between sprouting, succession and species diversity in a coastal dune forest that currently suffers from low-severity, chronic disturbance due to sea winds and loose sand substrate. Historically, the site was occupied by shifting cultivators who left the site about 80 y ago. Data on trees that were at least 1.3 m tall from 42 sample plots measuring 20 × 20 m were used. The plots were ranked in order of advancement of succession using the first axis of Principal Components Analysis of forest structural variables. Regeneration pattern was examined using analysis of stem diameter frequency distribution. Abundance and regeneration of strong basal sprouters, incidence of basal sprouting and species diversity decreased with advancement of succession. Only a few species could regenerate under the canopy of late-successional sites. Basal sprouts decreased with advancement of succession whereas trunk sprouts increased. These results suggest that maintenance of high species diversity may need a level of disturbance that allows regeneration and maintenance of strong basal sprouters.
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Habel, Jan Christian, and Werner Ulrich. "Ecosystem functions in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems across the East African coastal forest landscape." Biotropica 52, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 598–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/btp.12780.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African coastal forest ecology"

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Kraaij, Tineke. "Fire regimes in eastern coastal fynbos: drivers, ecology and management." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1008047.

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Conventional knowledge of fynbos fire ecology is based on the summer-autumn fire regimes of the western Cape Floral Kingdom (CFK) where the climate is Mediterranean. However, the climate in the eastern coastal-CFK is milder and rainfall occurs year-round, with presumed effects on fire regimes. The Garden Route National Park (GRNP) has recently been established in the region, in a landscape where indigenous forests, fire-prone fynbos shrublands and fire-sensitive plantations of invasive alien trees are interspersed. The park faces considerable challenges related to the management of fire, including significant pressure from the adjacent plantation industry to reduce wildfire hazard by burning fynbos at short intervals, and high levels of invasion by alien trees (largely Pinus species originating from plantations). This study sought to improve understanding of fire regimes in eastern coastal fynbos shrublands, and to provide guidelines for ecologically sound management of fire in the area. My approach entailed (i) an assessment of the context within which fire management was practiced during the past century; (ii) characterisation of the recent fire history and fire regime (1900–2010); (iii) characterisation of the seasonality of fire weather and lightning; (iv) estimation of minimum fire return intervals (FRIs) from juvenile periods and post-fire recruitment success of overstorey proteoids (non-sprouting, slow-maturing, serotinous Proteaceae); and (v) determination of the ecologically appropriate fire season from post-fire recruitment seasonality of proteoids. I established that historically, plantation protection enjoyed priority over fynbos conservation in the area that is now the GRNP. Fynbos close to plantations has most likely been compromised by frequent and low-intensity burning in the past, as well as by invasion by alien trees. In terms of area burnt (1900–2010), natural (lightning-ignited) fires dominated the fire regime, particularly in the east, whereas prescribed burning was relatively unimportant. Typical fire return intervals (FRIs; 8–26 years; 1980–2010) were comparable to those in other fynbos protected areas and appeared to be shorter in the eastern Tsitsikamma than in the western Outeniqua halves of the study area. Proteaceae juvenile periods (4–9 years) and post-fire recruitment success (following fires in ≥7 year-old vegetation) suggested that for biodiversity conservation purposes, FRIs should be no less than nine years in moist, productive fynbos. Increases in the total area burnt annually (since 1980) were correlated with long-term increases in average fire danger weather, suggesting that fire regime changes may be related to global change. Collectively, findings on the seasonality of actual fires and the seasonality of fire danger weather, lightning, and post-fire proteoid recruitment suggested that fires in eastern coastal fynbos are not limited to any particular season, and for this reason managers do not need to be concerned if fires occur in any season. The ecological requirements for higher fire intensity may nonetheless be constrained by a need for safety. I articulated these findings into ecological thresholds pertaining to the different elements of the fire regime in eastern coastal fynbos, to guide adaptive management of fire in the Garden Route National Park. I also recommended a fire management strategy for the park to address the aforementioned operational considerations within the constraints posed by ecological thresholds. Finally, I highlighted further research and monitoring needs.
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Ott, Theresia. "The response of biological communities to spatial and temporal changes in a regenerating coastal dune forest along the north-east coast of South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26029.

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Ecological restoration that aims to reinstate indigenous processes may be constrained by regional and local conditions, especially those that drive dispersal and colonisation. Local conditions can be managed, while regional conditions cannot. The management of costly rehabilitation programmes is considered best practice when scientifically informed. My thesis documents the responses of biological communities to a range of local conditions developing in coastal dune habitats in response to ecological restoration. Here, landscape-level (spatial structure of patches of tree canopies) local conditions were distinguished from site-level (topography, soil nutrient content, woody plant community richness, microclimatic variables) local conditions. The spatial structure of tree canopies varied over time and differed between the mining lease site and the relatively undisturbed benchmark site prior to (1937- 1970), and after (1990-2006) mining. For example, approximately 20% of the mining lease site and 40% of the benchmark site was covered by tree canopies prior to mining. However, after mining and rehabilitation, the structure of tree canopies began to converge towards that of the benchmark. The topographic profile of coastal dunes was less heterogeneous after mining and rehabilitation than before. Aspect, elevation and gradient of dune slopes were also different and had shifted in space. Variability in the structure of tree canopies could not explain variability in species richness, forest-associated species richness and proportion of benchmark species for the millipede, dung beetle and bird communities ashad been expected. However, species composition did change (though idiosyncratically) with age-related changes in soil nutrient availability and tree species diversity. Temperature, relative humidity and light intensity varied with dune topography, but soil nutrient content (C: N ratio and pH) was better accounted for by the age of the regenerating forest than by dune topography. Similarly, analysis of covariance suggested that tree canopy density, woody plant richness and millipede species richness only responded to the aspect, elevation and gradient of restored coastal dunes when age was taken into account as a covariate. However, the response of keeled millipedes to dune topography, regardless of regeneration age, suggested that the microclimatic variability brought about by topographic heterogeneity may provide these specialists with suitable microhabitats. Throughout my thesis, the age of regenerating patches of indigenous canopies was often more important as an explanatory variable than habitat conditions per se. Age itself is not a determinant of biological communities, but merely the axis along which habitat conditions change with succession, and later, patch dynamics. Therefore, as elsewhere, my thesis has highlighted age as a useful proxy for the response of biological communities to local conditions. It seems that managing local variables such as those considered in my assessment is not an avenue through which to enhance restoration. After kick-starting initial conditions, best practice rehabilitation management should therefore focus on minimizing external disturbances rather than interfering with natural processes.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Zoology and Entomology
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Tshaduli, Ndivhuwo. "Regeneration ecology of the bamboo climber Flagellaria guineensis in the Transkei Coastal Forests, Eastern Cape, South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63350.

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Economic benefits obtained from Flagellaria guineensis, a climbing bamboo, by local people received attention in previous studies but little is known about its regeneration ecology in three different forest stand conditions, i.e. forest edges, forest gaps and mature closed-canopy stands. In the Eastern Cape of South Africa the species grows in the Transkei Coastal Forests. The main aim of this study was to assess the regeneration ecology of F. guineensis in those forests. The specific objectives were to describe the phenological state that would influence the flowering, fruiting and growth of the species, and to compare the culm (stem) development from the rhizome between the different forest stand conditions. Phenological comparison was done in forest edge and forest interior conditions two forests. Rating scales were applied to determine the phenological states of the presence and amount of flower buds, open flowers, fruits, shoots and seedlings. Development of F. guineensis was assessed by sampling clusters in the three different forest stand conditions in three forests. The observation made in two Transkei Coastal Forests indicate that F. guineensis regenerates by producing seed, new vegetative shoots from rootstocks and also shoots at the growing tips. The flowering and fruiting period occurred only in the rainy season in Mtambalala forest but both rainy and dry seasons in Bulolo forest. More flowers and fruits of F. guineensis were found in Bulolo forest and in the forest edge (where F. guineensis is able to form tangles on the canopy of its host tree) respectively. This climbing bamboo clings on any plant around it for support and forms tangles on the canopy of its host in forest edges with no direct damage caused to host trees. The production of seedlings, shoots from the rhizome and shoots at the growing tips was constant during the study period in both study sites. The growth pattern of F. guineensis was different when comparing the three Transkei Coastal Forests studied. Manubi forest was found to have clusters and culms with the highest diameters and length compared to Mtambalala and Mnenga forests. There was a significant difference in culm diameter and length of F. guineensis between all three forests, whereas cluster diameter and number of culms per cluster were not influenced by forest stand conditions. F. guineensis clusters were common in the forest edges or gaps, and formed tangles in the canopy of their host trees. The described pattern of growth of F. guineensis contributes to recovery of the forest edges or gaps by restricting easy movement in and out of the forests. Several recommendations were made for harvesting of culms for basketmaking, such as: it should be done with care to reduce tangles in the forest and tree canopies; it must take place during the dry season, when the culms in a cluster are not flowering or fruiting; and studies are needed on the growth rate of seedlings and their growth into the forest canopy and how the bamboo can be cultivated outside the forest for better production of culms.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
SAFCOL
Microbiology and Plant Pathology
MSc
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Burns, Michael Edmund Reid. "A synecological study of the East London coast dune forests." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1006134.

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Quantitative community descriptions, based on point quarter sample data, are made for a number of dune forest units along the East London coast. These are supported by multivariate classifications and ordinations which illustrate the inter community variation between the sampled seaward, landward and dune valley sites. Climax valley forest is floristically most characteristic and can be clearly distinguished from the seaward and landward thicket communities which tend to show a degree of similarity. Within-forest community differences are shown to be more significant than variation along the coast. This appears to indicate that climoedaphic gradients established laterally to the coast induce a greater floristic response than the rainfall gradient within the study area. The state of developnent within the dune soil profile and the rate and effect of salt spray deposition are considered to be important factors influencing dune forest succession and are discussed in some detail. An overview of certain other climatic variables as well as the geological features within the study area is also given. A phenology study of the dune forest, scrub-thicket and strand plant cornnunities shows some general patterns of flowering and fruiting phenorhythms. Although much variation was observed, there appears to be a bimodal hyperactive phenophase response which is thought to be related to rainfall or periods of favourable soil moisture conditions. A brief discussion of some of the positive and negative human influences on the coastline is given. This includes a description of the management activities carried out in the area as well as the demands placed on ·the coastal resource.
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Turner, Russell Sean School of Biological Earth &amp Environmental Science UNSW. "An airborne Lidar canopy segmentation approach for estimating above-ground biomass in coastal eucalypt forests." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27362.

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There is growing interest in airborne lidar for forest carbon accounting and precision forestry purposes. Airborne lidar systems offer a cost-effective, versatile, operationally flexible and robust sampling tool for forest managers. The objective of this study was to develop and test lidar canopy surface enhancement and segmentation processes for estimating dominant above-ground biomass (DAB) in a harvested eucalypt forest on the Central Coast of New South Wales (Australia). The Crown Infill, Trim and Smooth (CITS) process, incorporating a series of filters, algorithms, and selective multi-stage smoothing, was used to enhance lidar canopy surfaces prior to segmentation. Canopy segmentation was achieved using a vertical crown template approach termed the Spatially and Morphologically Isolated Crest (SMIC) process. SMIC delineates dominant tree crowns by detecting elevated crown crests within a 3D lidar canopy surface. Consolidated crown units constitute the basic sampling, analysis and reporting units for wall-to-wall forest inventory. The performance, sensitivity and limitations of these procedures were evaluated using a combination of simulated forest models and actual lidar forest data. Automated crown polygons were used as a sampling template to extract dominant tree height values which were converted to DAB estimates via height-to-biomass relationships derived from field survey and on-site destructive sampling. Results were compared with field based tree height and biomass estimates. Compared against a manually derived crown map from a 2ha field plot, canopy segmentation results revealed a producer???s accuracy of 76% and overall accuracy of 67%. Results indicated a trend toward greater crown splitting (fragmentation) as trees increase in age, height, stem diameter and crown size. Extracted dominant tree height values were highly correlated with ground survey height estimates (r2 0.95 for precision survey and r2 0.69 for standard survey). There was also no significant difference between SMIC and manual crown height estimates. SMIC units overestimated ground-based DAB by 5%; this increased to 36% with the inclusion of segmentation errors. However, SMIC estimation of total plot above-ground biomass (AGB) was within 9% of the ground-based estimate. Results are encouraging considering the mixed-species, multi-aged composition of the forest, and the combined effects of SMIC segmentation and lidar height errors.
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Klinka, Karel. "Plant diversity in old-growth and second-growth stands in the coastal rainforests of British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/652.

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One of the human activities impacting biodiversity is the cutting of old-growth forests. In response to the controversy surrounding the cutting of old-growth in the coastal rainforest of BC, the Ministries of the Environment and Forests have produced biodiversity guidelines that are to be applied when manipulating stands in the provincial forest. This study augments these guidelines by investigating the diversity differences between second-growth and old-growth forests in relation to site quality. We demonstrate how standlevel plant diversity differs between 40-year-old and old-growth stands in the Very Wet Coastal Western Hemlock subzone (CWHvm) on Vancouver Island. This information is intended to provide foresters with an understanding of the effects of age, disturbance and site quality on stand-level plant diversity, thereby allowing for informed professional management decisions.
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Dore, David William Biological Earth &amp Environmental Sciences (BEES) UNSW. "Application of simple physiological growth models to coastal eucalypt regrowth forests in New South Wales." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences (BEES), 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26200.

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This thesis explores issues relating to the application of physiological-process models (???process models???) of forest growth to mixed species, mixed age forests, in particular the coastal blackbutt forests of New South Wales. Using a dataset provided by State Forests of New South Wales (Carter 1994 unpubl.) a numeric description of the forest was developed and stand-level parameters of interest were derived, in particular the plot by plot stemwood volume growth from 1975 to 1999. The amounts of harvested volume, volume that died and volume that grew into the measurement population were identified separately, and several different means of accounting for volume change over time were investigated. A method for quantifying the impact of harvesting and other silvicultural practices on the growth of the forest was developed and programs were written to convert the stand-level summary of the harvest impact into a semi-random selection of trees that would be ???harvested??? from the database under the set of silvicultural assumptions (Dore et al. 1999). A number of process models were investigated and reviewed before selecting one particular model, SUSTAIN (Dewar 1997) for adaption to these forests. This model is a relatively simple process model with a small number of input parameters. The model was adapted so that it could be used to compare the SUSTAIN estimate of growth with the growth of an individual stand of trees in the Kendall Forest Management Area, between Wauchope and Taree on the mid-north coast of NSW. To improve the accuracy of the prediction of growth by SUSTAIN, a method of re-setting the state of the stand to the actual condition at the time of remeasurement was developed. In addition, the SUSTAIN model was extended to enable two separate levels of canopy to be described and grown separately. Ultimately the model was only partially successful in mirroring the growth predicted by the empirical data. Its partial success is attributed primarily to the difficulties associated with correctly determining the allocation parameters used by the model to assign net photosynthate to the roots, foliage and stemwood. The nature of the change in allocation parameters when the forest stand is disturbed by harvest or fire needs further investigation.
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Cazier, Penelope Williams. "Hardwood Forest in the Coastal Plain of Virginia East of the Suffolk Scarp." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625724.

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Klinka, Karel. "Classification of natural forest communities of coastal British Columbia." Forest Sciences Department, University of British Columbia, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/668.

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Vegetation science, like any science, uses classification to organize knowledge about plants and plant communities. Classification is helpful for understanding how different plant communities relate to one another and their environments, for facilitating further studies of vegetation, and for conservation. To familiarize onself with vegetation of a large area, it is very convenient and efficient to begin with a few general units, such as plant orders rather than with many very detailed units, such as plant associations and subassociation. We offer such an approach and think that the information given in this series will be sufficient to assign any forested coastal community to one the orders or suborders. In spite of a history of vegetation studies in British Columbia, there has not yet been any attempt to develop a comprehensive hierarchical classification of plant communities for the province. As the culmination of fifty years of detailed surveys carried out by V.J. Krajina and his students, the Ecology Program Staff of the BC Forest Service, and other workers, we used tabular and multivariate analyses of 3,779 sample plots established in natural, old-growth, submontane, montane, and subalpine forest communities in coastal BC to develop a hierarchy of vegetation units according to the methods of biogeoclimatic ecosystem classification.
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Matthesius, Arne. "Testing the Janzen-Connell model for species diversity in a West African montane forest." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1347.

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A major question in ecology is 'why are tropical forests so species diverse?' One hypothesis to explain tropical species diversity is the Janzen-Connell hypothesis. This model assumes high levels of host-specific seed and seedling predation and / or pathogen attack when seedlings occur at high density near to the parent tree; seedlings are more likey to survive and reach maturity the further they are away from parents / conspecific adults. Theoretically this should lead to a random distribution of each species in the forest, which in turn will lead to high species diversity. Here I test the Janzen-Connell hypothesis for the first time in a submontane dry forest in Nigeria, West Africa. Specifically I tested whether or not a) leaf herbivory decreases and b) seedling survival increases with distance from parent / conspecific adult trees. These two components were tested separately on naturally occurring seedlings and on experimentally planted seedlings. I also tested whether or not conspecific adult trees showed clumped distributions by testing if conspecific nearest neighbours were observed more often than would be expected by chance alone. Naturally occurring seedlings of three species, Pouteria altissima, Newtonia buchananii and Isolona pleurocarpa showed significantly greater survival at distances away from parent / conspecific adult trees. Two out of a total of three species (Entandrophragma angolense, Deinbollia pinnata and Sterculia pinnata) of experimentally planted seedlings showed increased survival at distances away from conspecific adult trees, but this trend was non-significant. Leaf herbivory decreased with distance from parent / conspecific adult trees for four out of a total of six study species, but all relationships of leaf herbivory with distance for these six species were non-significant. Of two individual species, Anthonotha noldeae and Carapa procera, and two species groups tested for clumping, all had a greater number of conspecific nearest neighbours than would be expected to occur by chance alone, and this was significant for the two species groups. The decreased survival of seedlings under parent / conspecific adult trees is likely to maintain tree species diversity in West African submontane forests as predicted by the Janzen-Connell model. The role of host specific seedling herbivores in reducing recruitment under parent / conspecific adult trees requires further investigation. Although conspecific adults showed some degree of clumping no conclusion was reached as to whether this was evidence for or against the Janzen-Connell model.
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Books on the topic "African coastal forest ecology"

1

Burgess, Neil D., and G. Philip Clarke. Coastal forests of Eastern Africa. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN--the World Conservation Union, 2000.

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The Atlantic coastal forest of Northeastern Brazil. Bronx, N.Y: New York Botanical Garden Press, 2008.

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author, Mahfudz 1969, and Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado (Indonesia), eds. Ekologi, manfaat & rehabilitasi hutan pantai Indonesia. Manado: Balai Penelitian Kehutanan Manado, 2012.

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Bellis, Vincent J. Ecology of maritime forests of the southern Atlantic coast: A community profile. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995.

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Moore, M. Keith. Coastal watersheds: An inventory of the watersheds in the coastal temperate forests of British Columbia. [British Columbia]: Earthlife Canada Foundation & Ecotrust/Conservation International, 1991.

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Smith-Ramírez, Cecilia, Juan J. Armesto, and Claudio Valdovinos. Historia, biodiversidad y ecología de los bosques costeros de Chile. Santiago de Chile: Editorial Universitaria, 2005.

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Hanley, Donald P. Coastal Douglas-fir forests and wildlife. Portland, Or: World Forestry Center, 1992.

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author, Read Nicholas 1956, ed. The seal garden. [Custer, Washington]: Orca Book Publishers, 2018.

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Taylor, J. David. The elephant and the scrub forest. Toronto: Crabtree Pub., 1994.

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Taylor, J. David. The elephant and the scrub forest. New York: Crabtree Pub. Co., 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "African coastal forest ecology"

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Fujihara, Michiro, Mariko Ohnishi, Hiroyuki Miura, and Yoshihiro Sawada. "Conservation and Management of the Coastal Pine Forest as a Cultural Landscape." In Landscape Ecology in Asian Cultures, 235–48. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-87799-8_17.

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Symes, Craig T., Kathryn Roller, Caroline Howes, Geoffrey Lockwood, and Berndt J. van Rensburg. "Grassland to Urban Forest in 150 Years: Avifaunal Response in an African Metropolis." In Ecology and Conservation of Birds in Urban Environments, 309–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43314-1_16.

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Owoade, Folasade Mary, Samuel Godfried Kwasi Adiku, Christopher John Atkinson, and Dilys Sefakor MacCarthy. "Differential Impact of Land Use Types on Soil Productivity Components in Two Agro-ecological Zones of Southern Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1721–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_144.

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AbstractThe maintenance of soil productivity is important for sustained crop yield in low-input systems in the tropics. This study investigated the impact of four different land use types, namely, maize and cassava cropping, woodlot/plantations, and natural forests on soil productivity components, especially soil carbon accretion, at six sites within two agro-ecological zones of southern Ghana. Soil properties were significantly different between sites and ecological zones. The coastal savanna zones, which is a low rainfall zone had relatively lower soil carbon storage than the high rainfall forest-savanna transition zone. Soil productivity conditions in the later zone were much more favorable for cropping than the former. Land use types significantly affected the soil carbon (SOC) storage within the two ecological zones. In the low rainfall zone, soil carbon accretion by maize cropping, cassava cropping, and plantations were 48%, 54%, and 60%, respectively, of the forest carbon stock (47,617 kg/ha). In the transition zone, the soil carbon accretion was over 90% of the forest value (48,216 kg/ha) for all land use types. In effect use of land use types in maintaining soil productivity must consider the conditions in a given ecological zone.
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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Syntaxonomic Overview of the Vascular Plant Communities of Central Europe: Non-Forest Formations." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, 861–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_14.

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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Salt Marshes and Inland Saline Habitats." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, 3–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_1.

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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Banks, Shorelines and Muddy Habitats Influenced by Man." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, 751–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_10.

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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Ruderal Communities on Drier Soils." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, 765–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_11.

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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Vegetation of Arable Fields, Gardens and Vineyards." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, 779–839. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_12.

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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Vegetation of Human Settlements." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, 841–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_13.

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Leuschner, Christoph, and Heinz Ellenberg. "Erratum." In Ecology of Central European Non-Forest Vegetation: Coastal to Alpine, Natural to Man-Made Habitats, E1—E3. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43048-5_15.

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