Relevant bibliographies by topics / African American participants

Academic literature on the topic 'African American participants'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "African American participants"

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Dyslin, Deborah, Sara Dunlop, Brenda Aldridge, Robin Tillotson, and Darby Morhardt. "Attitudes About Brain Donation Among African American Research Participants." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2685.

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Abstract Alzheimer’s and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect the African American community. Brain donation, a crucial part of translational research, is less common among African American research participants compared to White research participants at Alzheimer’s Disease Research Centers (ADRCs) across the US. Existing literature suggests three categories of contributory factors for African Americans: concerns and misconceptions about brain research and brain donation; religious beliefs; and the role of the family. Existing knowledge of community interventions is limited. We conducted seven focus groups, stratified by brain donation intent and cognitive status, to capture the perspectives of African American research participants. Qualitative content analysis reveal the following contributory themes: personal connection to memory loss or dementia; altruism; spirituality/religion; historical and current racism in health care and research; trauma and objectification; trust; representation; understanding the purpose and process of brain donation; and fluidity in decision-making. Future research will explore trauma-informed and culturally responsive interventions. Part of a symposium sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Disease Research Interest Group.
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Harris, Paul W. "Racial Identity and the Civilizing Mission: Double-Consciousness at the 1895 Congress on Africa." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 18, no. 2 (2008): 145–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2008.18.2.145.

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AbstractThe Congress on Africa was held in Atlanta, Georgia, in December 1895 as part of a campaign to promote African American involvement in Methodist missions to Africa. Held in conjunction with the same exposition where Booker T. Washington delivered his famous Atlanta Compromise address, the Congress in some ways shared his accommodationist approach to racial advancement. Yet the diverse and distinguished array of African American speakers at the Congress also developed a complex rationale for connecting the peoples of the African diaspora through missions. At the same time that they affirmed the need for “civilizing” influences as an indispensable element for racial progress, they also envisioned a reinvigorated racial identity and a shared racial destiny emerging through the interactions of black missionaries and Africans. In particular, the most thoughtful participants in the Congress anticipated the forging of a black civilization that combined the unique gifts of their race with the progressive dynamics of Christian culture. These ideas parallel and likely influenced W. E. B. Du Bois's concept of double-consciousness. At a time when the missionary movement provided the most important source of awareness about Africa among African Americans, it is possible to discern in the proceedings of the Congress on Africa the glimmerings of a new pan-African consciousness that was destined to have a profound effect on African American intellectual life in the twentieth century.
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Haro, Elizabet, Yu-Hsiu Hung, Hyun Seung Yoo, and Robin Littlejohn. "Implicit Biases in Blame Allocation of Accidents across Organizational Components (Worker, Supervisor and Organization)." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 53, no. 16 (October 2009): 998–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120905301613.

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The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between implicit biases and blame allocation of accidents across organizational components (workers, supervisors, and organization). The ‘European American-African American’ and created ‘Latino-African American’ Implicit Association Tests (IAT) were used to measure the participants' implicit biases. The Accident Blame Allocation instrument was used to measure the participants' blame allocations, which included accident scenarios with pictures of male and female faces of European Americans, African Americans and Latinos. A total of 102 students, aged from 18 to 23, participated in the study. Results of the two IATs showed that the participants did not have obvious preference tendencies toward any ethnicity, and the ‘European American-African American’ and ‘Latino-African American’ IATs have a positive correlation with score of 0.48 ( p < 0.0001). Results of this study showed that implicit bias did not significantly correlate with accident blame allocation but that the participants' attitudes toward different ethnic groups affected their accident blame allocation patterns.
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Mitchell, David, Marivic Lesho, and Abby Walker. "Folk Perception of African American English Regional Variation." Journal of Linguistic Geography 5, no. 1 (April 2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlg.2017.2.

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Contrary to previous “sociolinguistic folklore” that African American (Vernacular) English has a uniform structure across different parts of the US, recent studies have shown that it varies regionally, especially phonologically (Wolfram, 2007; Thomas & Wassink, 2010). However, there is little research on how Americans perceive AAE variation. Based on a map-labeling task, we investigate the folk perception of AAE variation by 55 participants, primarily African Americans in Columbus, Ohio. The analysis focuses on the dialect regions recognized by the participants, the linguistic features associated with different regions, and the attitudes associated with these beliefs. While the perceived regional boundaries mostly align with those identified by speakers in previous perceptual dialectology studies on American English, the participants consistently identified linguistic features that were specific to AAE. The participants recognized substantial phonological and lexical variation and identified “proper” dialects that do not necessarily sound “white”. This study demonstrates the value of considering African Americans’ perspectives in describing African American varieties of English.
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Ferguson, Christopher J., and Charles Negy. "The Influence of Gender and Ethnicity on Judgments of Culpability in a Domestic Violence Scenario." Violence and Victims 19, no. 2 (April 2004): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.19.2.203.64103.

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Using an experimental analog design, in this study we examined 503 European American, African American, and Latino undergraduate students’ responses to a domestic violence scenario in which the ethnicity and gender of the perpetrator were manipulated. Results indicated that participants perceived perpetration of domestic assault significantly more criminal when committed by a man than when committed by a woman. That finding was robust across European Americans, African Americans, and Latinos and was expressed by both genders. Also, European American participants expressed significantly more criticism toward African American perpetrators of assault than they did toward European American and Latino perpetrators of the exact offense, suggestive of racial bias consistent with stereotypes about African Americans being excessively aggressive. Finally, Latino participants expressed significantly more sympathy toward women who assault their husbands than toward assaulting husbands. Implications of the findings are discussed.
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Paniagua, Freddy A., Michael O'Boyle, Victor L. Tan, and Angela S. Lew. "Self-Evaluation of Unintended Biases and Prejudices." Psychological Reports 87, no. 3 (December 2000): 823–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.87.3.823.

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A scale for measuring self-assessment of factors, which might lead to unintended biases and prejudices, was tested with 39 professionals working with adolescents on probation. The scale has 10 items (e.g., “Would feel comfortable providing clinical services to [e.g., African Americans].” Each item was rated on a 3-point scale so as summated scores increase across items the probability of unintended biases and prejudices against five culturally diverse groups (African American, American Indian, Asian, Hispanic, and White) would also increase. The coefficient alpha was .87. Participants' mean unintended bias and prejudices across items were always lower toward clients from their own racial or ethnic group. For example Hispanic and White participants tended to be more prompt to display these attitudes against African Americans, relative to African-American participants. White participants, however, reported lower scores leading to unintended biases in the case of White clients, relative to African-American and Hispanic participants. Overall, participants' mean unintended bias and prejudices against American Indian and Asian clients tended to be higher with these groups, relative to clients from the African-American, Hispanic, and White communities. Results are discussed in terms of further development of the scale in the design of cross-cultural training in various working environments with culturally diverse clients.
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Chikowore, Tinashe, Kenneth Ekoru, Marijana Vujkovi, Dipender Gill, Fraser Pirie, Elizabeth Young, Manjinder S. Sandhu, et al. "Polygenic Prediction of Type 2 Diabetes in Africa." Diabetes Care 45, no. 3 (January 11, 2022): 717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc21-0365.

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OBJECTIVE Polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in continental Africans is adversely affected by the limited number of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of T2D from Africa and the poor transferability of European-derived polygenic risk scores (PRSs) in diverse ethnicities. We set out to evaluate if African American, European, or multiethnic-derived PRSs would improve polygenic prediction in continental Africans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using the PRSice software, ethnic-specific PRSs were computed with weights from the T2D GWAS multiancestry meta-analysis of 228,499 case and 1,178,783 control subjects. The South African Zulu study (n = 1,602 case and 981 control subjects) was used as the target data set. Validation and assessment of the best predictive PRS association with age at diagnosis were conducted in the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study (n = 2,148 case and 2,161 control subjects). RESULTS The discriminatory ability of the African American and multiethnic PRSs was similar. However, the African American–derived PRS was more transferable in all the countries represented in the AADM cohort and predictive of T2D in the country combined analysis compared with the European and multiethnic-derived scores. Notably, participants in the 10th decile of this PRS had a 3.63-fold greater risk (odds ratio 3.63; 95% CI 2.19–4.03; P = 2.79 × 10−17) per risk allele of developing diabetes and were diagnosed 2.6 years earlier than those in the first decile. CONCLUSIONS African American–derived PRS enhances polygenic prediction of T2D in continental Africans. Improved representation of non-European populations (including Africans) in GWAS promises to provide better tools for precision medicine interventions in T2D.
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Greene, Matthew, Chiquita Briley, Shakera Williams, Jamila Freightman, and Denise Holston. "African American Satisfaction With the SNAP-Ed Program: A Qualitative Exploration." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac065.020.

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Abstract Objectives Nutrition educators and public health professionals are increasingly focused on structural racism and its contribution to racial disparities in rates of food insecurity and obesity. In the context of these barriers to healthful eating affecting marginalized populations, nutrition education programs must be carefully evaluated to determine whether they meet the needs of those populations. This study aimed to assess African Americans perceptions of and satisfaction with the SNAP-Ed program in Louisiana. Methods Three trained African American facilitators conducted five focus group discussions (FGD) with 25 African American participants in SNAP-Ed. The discussion guide for FGD was based on issues identified by SNAP-Ed leadership in Louisiana and revised by African American implementers of SNAP-Ed. FGD were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Transcripts were coded independently using inductive and in-vivo coding by two members of the research team using Dedoose software. Results Participants were generally satisfied with the program and thought information was important for African Americans in the context of medical issues faced by their community. However, participants viewed lessons as race neutral and thought they should include more information about African American history and culture. Participants also noted a lack of engagement with the African American stressed the need for African American staff to better engage with the African American community. Conclusions The SNAP-Ed program in Louisiana may need to be modified to specifically address African American food history and culture. The implementation of the program should be modified to include more African American SNAP-Ed staff and better engage with the African American community. Funding Sources SNAP-Ed.
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Kohli, Richie, Sonya Howk, and Melinda M. Davis. "Barriers and Facilitators of Dental Care in African-American Seniors: A Qualitative Study of Consumers’ Perspective." Journal of Advanced Oral Research 11, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2320206819893213.

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Objective: To identify African-American seniors’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators to their dental care. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional qualitative study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 16 community-based, self-identified African-American seniors from March 2017 to August 2017 in Oregon. We coded data in ATLAS.ti and used thematic analysis to identify emergent themes within the social ecological framework and a cross-case comparative analysis to explore variation by participant characteristics. Results: Regardless of dental insurance status, cost and perceived urgency of treatment were the primary drivers of participant’s ability and interest in seeking dental care. Participants identified four solutions to improve oral health care in African-American seniors: affordable/free care and vouchers for dental work, better oral health education at a younger age, onsite community dental services, and navigators who can educate patients about insurance and dental providers who see low-income patients. Conclusions: Oral health decisions by African-American seniors were primarily driven by cost and perceived urgency irrespective of insurance coverage. Affordable dental care, early intervention, on-site services, and navigation may help to address key barriers and reduce oral health disparities faced by African-Americans.
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Jordan, Eleanor H., Cassandra P. Smisson, Kevin L. Burke, A. Barry Joyner, and Daniel R. Czech. "An Examination of Euro-American and African-American Differences in Social Physique Anxiety among College Women." Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, no. 1 (February 2005): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.1.96-98.

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Many studies have examined sex differences in social physique anxiety; however, few researchers have examined possible perceptual differences in such anxiety based on ethnicity. The present purpose was to examine social physique anxiety among college-age women of Euro-American and African-American descent. Participants ( N = 91) from physical activity classes at a university located in the southeastern United States completed the Social Physique Anxiety Scale. The participants were 67 Euro-Americans and 24 African Americans. An independent t test yielded a significant difference ( p = .01) between groups on Eklund's scale, which supports the hypothesis.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "African American participants"

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Williams, Eric Garnell. "Academic, Research, and Social Self-Efficacy among African American Pre-McNair Scholar Participants and African American Post-McNair Scholar Participants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11286.

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College enrollment and graduation rates for African Americans remain lower than enrollment and graduation rates for middle and upper-class White students. The lower enrollment and graduation rates have an effect on the number of African American students who pursue the Ph.D. and other research doctorate degrees. In order to increase the number of African Americans and other underrepresented students in the Ph.D. pipeline, the United States Congress passed legislation that created the Ronald E. McNair Postbaccalaureate Achievement Program (McNair Scholars Program) in the mid-1980s. The purpose of the McNair Scholars Program is to prepare college students for doctoral studies and careers in academia through involvement in summer research internships and other scholarly activities. One way in which this program may prepare students is through the development of students' academic, research and social self-efficacy. To date, however little research has been conducted to see if the McNair Scholars Program has an effect on African American students' levels of self-efficacy. The purpose of this study was to compare levels of academic, research and social self-efficacy among African American pre- and post-McNair Scholar participants. Levels of self-efficacy were analyzed by McNair participant status (pre-McNair and post-McNair), gender, college and grade point average. The study employed a national sample of African American pre- and post McNair Scholar Program participants. Data were collected using the Graduate Education Self-Efficacy Scale (GESES), a 57-item instrument designed specifically for this study. Items for the survey were developed utilizing existing literature on academic, research and social self-efficacy. Results revealed significant differences in academic, research and social self-efficacy between African American pre- and post-McNair Scholar Program participants. There were no significant differences by gender on academic, research or social self-efficacy. Neither were significant differences found by college grade level on academic or social self-efficacy. There were, however, significant differences based on college grade level on research self-efficacy. There were also significant interaction effects between gender and college grade level on academic, research and social self-efficacy. The results suggest that participating in the McNair Scholars Program raises levels of academic, research and social self-efficacy among African American college students.
Ph. D.
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Goodwin, Rosalyn Harper. "Case study of the voluntary student transfer program| The perspectives of African American students and parent participants in one midwestern school district." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3613986.

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This study investigated the perspectives of four students and 6 parent participants of the Voluntary Student Transfer program, an inter-district desegregation program that involves transporting African American students from urban area schools to surrounding county schools. Due to limited and dated research related to the Voluntary Student Transfer (VST) program, the researcher employed a qualitative collective case study framework which included a semi-structured interview protocol and questionnaires to gather perceptual data of parent and student participants of the program. The collective case studies revealed that parent and student participants of the VST program were satisfied with the program overall had not considered discontinuing participation for any reason. Data analysis revealed common themes addressed by parents and students to support their perceptions about the VST program. These themes included quality of education, the importance of relationships, and parent activism. Busing and the distance from home was another combined theme that developed, presenting a drawback from program participation. Because the sample size of this study represents a small percentage of the participants in the VST program, further studies should be conducted to include more perspectives within the research district and other districts implementing the VST program.

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Drew, DJuana P. "Discovering Factors Which Helped Selected Participants In Columbus, Ohio Achieve Wellbeing During Times Of Grief." Ashland Theological Seminary / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=atssem1620325934310402.

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Wilson, Maria. "Beyond Breastfeeding: Exploring the Influence of Maternal Control Over Child Health Behavior Among African American Women Infants and Children Nutritional Supplementation Program Participants." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3965.

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The health benefits of breastfeeding exceed well beyond the first few years of an infant's life. Breast milk is often referred to as liquid gold because of its extensive protective properties that promote child growth and development. Unfortunately, African American women have the lowest breastfeeding rates compared to any other racial group. Given that African American children are disproportionately affected by the current obesity epidemic in the United States, there may be a link between a mother's preference to breastfeed her infant and her influence over her child's eating behaviors and physical activity levels. Guided by social cognitive theory, the purpose of this quantitative longitudinal study was to explore the association between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over childhood nutrition and physical activity among African American women and children enrolled in the Women Infants and Children Nutritional Supplementation Program (WIC). Secondary data were used from the Infant Feeding Practices II Survey and its Year 6 Follow Up. Crosstabulations were performed to assess the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over child health behaviors after 6 years. The null hypotheses were not rejected, as there was no relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and maternal control over physical activity or child eating behaviors. Findings revealed moderate to high levels of maternal control among WIC participants who breastfed for 3 months. This study may lead to positive social change by increasing the number of children who benefit from breast milk and improving childhood nutrition and physical activity, which will ultimately reduce child obesity disparities and promote maternal and child health altogether.
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Laosebikan-Buggs, Morolake. "An Investigation of the Impact of Student Government Involvement at one Public Historically Black University on the Career Choice of African American Student Participants." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2009. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1102.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate student participation in collegiate student governance, the impact of that involvement and its influence on career choice for African-American participants, and to enlighten educators about role and value of collegiate student government participation. If participation in student government and involvement in leadership activities is important in the overall development of a student, then the benefits and characteristics of that development may appear after the student graduates and enters society and the workforce (Cress, Astin, Zimmerman- Oster, & Burkhardt, 2001). Studies conducted over the last twenty years have attempted to measure the impact of involvement and leadership development on college students after graduation (Cress, et. all, 2001; Sommers, 1991) but not much has been written about the subject specifically tied to student government (Downey, Bosco and Silver, 1984; Kuh and Lund, 1994; Schuh and Laverty, 1983; Sermersheim, 1996). A qualitative case study/cross case analysis of multiple participants was utilized for this project. Following the collection of data through the use of a written participant profile and oral interviews with each of the survey participants, case studies were constructed and presented in a narrative form to allow the individual personalities of the participants to emerge. The use of cross case analysis allowed the researcher to group the data into themes and highlight patterns that cut across each case, more narrowly defining what related factors were significant to the impact of student government participation and the selection of a particular career choice. x The findings from this study indicate that while the impact of student government participation has an overall positive effect on students who participate, including greater career competency and self confidence, students attribute their choice of career to their chosen undergraduate major or other factors. Study findings revealed evidence that the impact of student government involvement was limited in its direct influence on career choice.
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Ruffin, Christopher. "The Impact of Self-Efficacy and Academic Achievement on Twelfth Grade African-American Male TriO Program Participants: A Comparison Study of Two TRiO Programs at a Select Urban Institution." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2018. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/cauetds/119.

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This qualitative study examined the impact of TRIO-Upward Bound and Math Science programs for 12th-grade African-American male participants. The overall aim studied their self-efficacy in fulfilling graduation requirements and academic achievement in preparation for acceptance into a postsecondary institution. Data collection methods for this study were comprised of interviews, surveys, and student achievement data. Utilizing the qualitative director interviews, the researcher analyzed the data and presented the impact of independent variables on the effectiveness of the Upward Bound TRIO program for African-American 12th-grade males. A comparison of two Upward Bound TRIO programs at a select urban southern institution was conducted in the southern region of Georgia. The results were analyzed and queried as to whether the academic challenges confronting economically disadvantaged potential first generation college students, particularly African-American males, suggest an urgent call to action for an effective intervention strategy.
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Ross, Charles Kenyatta. "Outside the lines : the African American struggle to participate in professional football, 1904-1962 /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487940308432552.

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Krentzman, Amy R. "Spirituality, Religiosity, and Alcoholism Treatment Outcomes: A Comparison between Black and White Participants." online version, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=case1207226235.

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Okere, Chika. "Impact of Social Influence on Willingness to Participate in Clinical Trials among African Americans." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6641.

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Global rate of participation in clinical trials is especially low among African Americans in the United States due to social factors identified by research, which adversely impact this group's willingness to participate in clinical trials. The purpose of this cross-sectional quantitative study was to evaluate the role of social influence in the decision-making patterns of African Americans as it relates to clinical trial participation. The theory of planned behavior was used as the theoretical framework to understand an individual's interaction with social factors and how it affects their willingness to participate in clinical trials. The participants in the study were 115 African Americans residing in a greater metropolitan area of Ohio. Data were collected using 1-time questionnaire administered by paper instrument. Regression and correlation analyses were conducted for all 115 collected survey responses. Results of the analyses were statistically significant in proving that social influence is a good predictor of willingness to participate in clinical trials where the research involves minimal risk to the participants (p = 0.047). The results also showed that attitudes and beliefs about clinical trials are good predictors of willingness to participate in clinical trials among African Americans (p = 0.000). The results of this study offer new insight for the development of patient recruitment initiatives within the African American community in the United States and create a path to the development of viable and sustainable intervention.
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Gines, Roger K. "Influencing African American males to participate in higher education : perceptions from the former members of the Boys Choir of Harlem /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9974633.

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Books on the topic "African American participants"

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Johnson, Theopolis W. An American experiment: A database of all known participants in "The Tuskegee experience". 3rd ed. Atlanta, GA: TJ Johnson Enterprises, 2005.

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Carter, Weptanomah W. The Black minister's wife as a participant in the redemptive ministry of her husband. Baltimore, MD: Gateway Press, 1995.

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Ekulona, Ademola. The healthy start father's journal: Participant guide for the healthy start fathers curriculum. Baltimore, MD: Baltimore City Healthy Start, 1996.

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Blackways of Kent. Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press, 2008.

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Wising up: Applying the wisdom of Proverbs to daily life : participant's workbook. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 2005.

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Boyd, Herb. We shall overcome: A living history of the civil rights struggle told in words, pictures and the voices of the participants. Naperville, Ill: Sourcebooks, 2005.

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Truxes, Thomas M. The Overseas Trade of British America. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300159882.001.0001.

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The Overseas Trade of British America: A Narrative History is a comprehensive account of the emergence of the United States from the perspective of trade. The author traces the roots of the American commercial economy from mid-sixteenth-century Tudor England through the early years of the American republic at the dawn of the nineteenth century. The trade of colonial America is notable for the access it offered a wide range of participants. Open access (real or illusory) remains a dominant theme of the American economy to the present day. Colonial trade is notable as well for its readiness to exploit opportunity wherever it lay, and many of those opportunities lay across international borders in violation of the British Navigation Acts. The most significant feature of colonial trade is its intimate links to chattel slavery and the Atlantic slave trade. Virtually every aspect of colonial commerce bore some connection—direct or indirect. Most obvious is the slave trade itself, which carried roughly 3.5 million African captives to British America between 1619 and 1807. It was enslaved Africans who produced colonial America’s leading exports — tobacco, sugar, and rice. And enslaved Africans were a conspicuous presence on the docks and in the warehouses of northern colonial ports. This book is an account of opportunity-seeking, risk-taking producers, merchants, and mariners converting the potential of the New World into individual livelihoods and national wealth. The history of colonial trade is part of something much larger: the creation of the modern global economy.
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Bagby, Ihsan. Mosques in the United States. Edited by Jane I. Smith and Yvonne Yazbeck Haddad. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199862634.013.012.

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In the Muslim world, mosques function as places of worship rather than “congregations” or community centers. Muslims pray in any mosque that is convenient, since they are not considered members of a particular mosque but of the ummah (global community of Muslims). In America, however, Muslims attached to specific mosques have always followed congregational patterns. They transform mosques into community centers aimed at serving the needs of Muslims and use them as the primary vehicle for the collective expression of Islam in the American Muslim community. This chapter provides a historical overview of mosques in America. It also looks at the conversion of African Americans into mainstream Islam starting in the 1960s, the transformation of the Nation of Islam into a mainstream Muslim group, and the growth of mosques in America. In addition, it describes mosque participants, mosque activities, mosque structures, and mosque finances as well as the American mosque’s embrace of civic engagement and the role of women in the American mosque. Finally, the chapter examines the mosque leaders’ approach to Islam.
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Lindsey, Treva B. Climbing the Hilltop. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252041020.003.0002.

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By the first decade of the twentieth century, Howard University emerged as the premier institution for higher learning for African Americans. Using the life of Lucy Diggs Slowe, a Howard alumnus and the first Dean of Women at Howard, this chapter discusses the experiences of African American women at Howard during the early twentieth century to illustrate how New Negro women negotiated intra-racial gender ideologies and conventions as well as Jim Crow racial politics. Although women could attend and work at Howard, extant African American gender ideologies often limited African American women’s opportunities as students, faculty, and staff. Slowe was arguably the most vocal advocate for African American women at Howard. She demanded that African American women be prepared for the “modern world,” and that African American women be full and equal participants in public culture. Her thirty-plus years affiliation with Howard makes her an ideal subject with which to map the emergence of New Negro womanhood at this prestigious university. This chapter presents Howard as an elite and exclusive site for the actualization of New Negro womanhood while simultaneously asserting the symbolic significance of Howard University for African American women living in and moving to Washington. Although most African American women in Washington could not and did not attend or work at Howard, this institution was foundational to an emergent sense of possibility and aspiration that propelled the intellectual and cultural strivings of African American women in New Negro era Washington.
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LaRoche, Cheryl Janifer. Miller Grove, Illinois. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038044.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the connections between the Miller Grove community of free Blacks and the Underground Railroad. Established in 1844, Miller Grove is a cluster of rural farmsteads named for Bedford Miller, whose family stood among the sixty-eight people who received their freedom from one of four White families in south-central Tennessee. Primary archaeological excavations at Miller Grove took place at the farmstead of William Riley Williams, a free-born African American from Tennessee. Among the original migrants, former slaveholder Henry Sides and his wife lived among the freemen and freewomen at Miller Grove. This chapter begins with a discussion of how the American Missionary Association, through its missionary work, linked known Underground Railroad participants across the country. It then considers abolitionist strategies, particularly the dissemination of antislavery literature among African Americans. By tracing the history of Miller Grove, the chapter reveals distinct details of community formation and interracial cooperation within regional Underground Railroad operations.
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Book chapters on the topic "African American participants"

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Bandera, Elisa V., Chi-Chen Hong, and Bo Qin. "Impact of Obesity and Related Factors in Breast Cancer Survivorship Among Hispanic Women." In Advancing the Science of Cancer in Latinos, 163–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14436-3_14.

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AbstractBreast cancer is the leading cause of death among Hispanic women. The number of Hispanic breast cancer survivors is increasing because the US Hispanic population is fast-growing and breast cancer survival is improving. However, this vulnerable population has received little attention. Obesity and weight gain affect Hispanic and African American/Black women disproportionately. Obesity affects several factors relevant to cancer survivorship, including cancer treatment and patient-reported outcomes such as health-related quality of life (QoL). As a first step toward addressing these issues, a pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of assembling a cohort of Hispanic breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Methods were similar to those used in the ongoing Women’s Circle of Health Follow-Up Study, a cohort of African American/Black breast cancer survivors in New Jersey. Hispanic breast cancer survivors were very interested and willing to participate. There were interesting differences in body mass index and central adiposity between Hispanic and African American/Black breast cancer survivors, but both groups had a high prevalence of body fatness and comorbidities. Hispanic breast cancer survivors had lower QoL, particularly obese women. More research is needed to understand survivorship needs in minority and medically underserved women after a breast cancer diagnosis.
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Ball, Mary M., and Frank J. Whittington. "Meeting the Participants." In Surviving Dependence: Voices of African American Elders, 17–37. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315230924-3.

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"Proclamation 134: Granting Amnesty to Participants in the Rebellion, with Certain Exceptions (1865)." In African American Studies Center. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.34060.

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Coe, Cati. "Stories of Servitude." In The New American Servitude, 86–124. NYU Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479831012.003.0005.

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Most of the African research participants in northern New Jersey and the Washington DC metropolitan area told stories of deliberate humiliation or diminishment in which their place of origin or Blackness was used against them. Through these interactions and stories about these interactions, African care workers were becoming familiar with American racial categories, in which they were Black, mixed in with stereotypes about Africans as non-human and about immigrants stealing jobs from citizens. These insults incorporated them into American racial categories as “Blacks” and “people of color,” social categories of person that made little sense in their home countries. As a result, African care workers were becoming more sensitive to the experiences of African-Americans. Care workers take stories of racism to be paradigmatic of their experiences in the United States.
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"Round Table Discussion: Paula Woods, Gar Haywood, BarbaraNeely and Participants in the Symposium." In “Polar noir”: Reading African-American Detective Fiction, 185–204. Presses universitaires François-Rabelais, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/books.pufr.5801.

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Redwine, Gerald D. "The Participants and the Church of God in Christ (COGIC) Subculture." In Beyond Transformative Learning in African-American Adult Education, 9–15. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429326479-4.

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Simpson Jr., Artha L., and Kathryn Jones. "The Mentoring and Connectivism of African American Male Students Who Participate in Recreational Sports Programs." In Overcoming Challenges and Creating Opportunity for African American Male Students, 133–50. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5990-0.ch008.

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The purpose of this chapter was to examine the factors influencing the mentoring and connectivism of retaining African American male students through participation in recreational sports programs. It is being reported that improvements in participation and success for African Americans are encouraging, particularly among males, but there is more to be done. The study was conducted at one regional university within the state of Texas that has an established recreational sports facility and programs. There were a total of six African American male participants chosen for this study. Findings from this study affirm that recreational sports provide opportunities for students to be connected, feel comfortable, and build relationships with their faculty as well as the staff.
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Hozien, Wafa. "African American Urban School Principal Servant Leadership." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 134–61. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-5840-0.ch007.

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The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the characteristics of African American school principals and the obstacles they experience on their path to the principalship. A secondary purpose, but very important as well, is to analyze critically the experiences of successful African American male principals to help inform the preparation of principals who lead organizations of diverse demographics. Investigating this area also contributes to the much-needed educational discourse of African American principal attitudes, beliefs, and life experiences of principals in education today, and how they are meeting the needs of a growing multicultural population. The principals are the primary units of analysis, and it is the intent of this chapter to delve into the lives of the participants to gain a better understanding of the barriers and obstacles they have to overcome to become principals.
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Labat, Myron B., Daniel W. Eadens, Cherie A. Labat, and Danielle M. Eadens. "Motivational Factors for Pursuing Degrees in Educational Administration." In Comprehensive Problem-Solving and Skill Development for Next-Generation Leaders, 210–28. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1968-3.ch010.

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Graduate students were surveyed to analyze their motivations for pursuing a degree in educational administration. Researchers also examined whether there were differences in their motivations based on race. According to NCES (2003-2004) only 10.6% of all public school principals were African American while 16.8% of the students they served were of the same race. Understanding that African Americans are underrepresented in school leadership positions as compared to their Caucasian counterparts, the researchers sought to explore whether Caucasians were encouraged to pursue school leadership credentials more often than African Americans. Statistical analysis revealed no significance in the responses of the participants based on race. However, through analyzing motivating factors by age, it was determined that participants between the ages of 20-29, as compared to participants between the ages of 40-49, were far more likely to report that they were pursuing a degree in educational administration because they felt that they could do a better job than their current administrators.
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Decker, Todd. "The “Most Distinctive and Biggest Benefit that Broadway Has Ever Known”." In Rethinking American Music, 221–46. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042324.003.0011.

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Decker examines how the “color line” in the twentieth century crucially impacted Broadway up to the onset of the Great Depression. He finds a “surprising group portrait” of participants--including such figures as Walter White, an early African American leader of the NAACP, and Carl Van Vechten, a popular white novelist and cultural gadfly--who “together [meet] at a site where questions of musical style, race relations, and cultural and social history intersect in provocative ways” and offers a case study of how popular entertainment across the racial spectrum could work to enhance interracial understanding in the penumbral days of the Jazz Age.
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Conference papers on the topic "African American participants"

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Sarkissyan, Marianna, Yanyuan Wu, Zuijan Chen, Dhruva Mishra, Suren Sarkissyan, Ioannis Giannikopoulos, and Jaydutt V. Vadgama. "Abstract 1278: Vitamin D receptor Fok1 gene polymorphisms may be associated with CRC among African American and Hispanic participants." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1278.

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Sarkissyan, Marianna, Yanyuan Wu, Zujian Chen, Dhruva Mishra, and Jaydutt V. Vadgama. "Abstract B44: Vitamin D receptor Fok1 gene polymorphisms are associated with colorectal cancer among African American and Hispanic participants." In Abstracts: Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; December 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp13-b44.

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Cottrell-Daniels, Cherell, and Bethany Shorey Fennell. "“I just smoke marijuana, which is not a drug, and cigarettes, which is a drug”: Health Perceptions of Cannabis Use Among African American Tobacco Smokers." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.03.

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Cannabis and tobacco co-use has increased in recent years, including co-administration, in which tobacco and cannabis are consumed simultaneously. One common method of co-administration is the use of blunts, in which cigars or little cigars and cigarillos (LCCs) are combined with cannabis. LCC use is associated with negative health outcomes and is elevated among Black/African American populations and lower income adults. Little is known about health perceptions of LCCs among these populations, particularly as it relates to cannabis use. We report results from a mixed-methods study examining multiple tobacco use among African American adults. Participants (N=22) were largely single (81.8%), male (59.1%), and had an annual household income of less than $30,000 (72.7%). All participants used combustible cigarettes in the past month (M days=26.23, SD=7.38) and the majority (91.0%) used LCCs in the past month (M days=14.24, SD= 0.67). Of these, 50.0% reported using LCCs with cannabis all or some of the time. Participants who reported co-use smoked LCCs marginally more days (M=18.45, SD=11.88) than those who used LCCs alone (M=9.60, SD=7.12, t(19)=-2.04, p = .055, d=.89). Perceptions of the health risks of LCCs compared to combustible cigarettes were variable among those who reported co-use and those who did not. For example, 45.5% of co-users vs. 20.0% LCC only users said they “Don’t know” if LCCs are more or less harmful than cigarettes, whereas 27.3% of co-users and 10.0% LCC only users thought LCCs were “More harmful.” There was no difference between the groups on overall relative risk perceptions (χ2(3)=4.25, p=.24). Semi-structured interviews assessed tobacco use motives, including cannabis consumption, risk perceptions, and stress. Similar to quantitative indices, participants reported variable perceptions of the health risks associated with co-use of cannabis and tobacco. For example, a number of participants indicated that smoking LCCs with cannabis may be healthier than smoking them with the original tobacco inside. Many reported different motives for seeking out cannabis vs. nicotine (e.g., coping with stress, social situations). Quotations from qualitative interviews will be included on the poster. In conclusion, health risk perceptions among this sample demonstrate the need for clearer public health messaging regarding tobacco products and co-use with cannabis.
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Pak, V., S. Paul, and W. Wharton. "Sleep Duration Is Positively Correlated with Plasma IL-10 in African American and White Participants with a Parental History of Alzheimer’s Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a4717.

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Carlini, Beatriz, Sharon Garrett, and Lexi Nims. "Are parents who use cannabis receptive to safe storage interventions and point-of-sale education?" In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.18.

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Purpose: The provision of cannabis storage devices paired with consumer prevention messages at point-of-sale has been considered by local health agencies to reduce youth access to cannabis in homes with adult cannabis consumers. This project sought to learn about current storage practices, interest in safe storage devices, and acceptability of youth prevention messages among adult consumers with youth at home. Methods: Potential participants responded to a Facebook advertisement and then completed an online survey which identified those who were over 21, used cannabis at least six times in the past six months, had children at home, lived in a target WA state county, and made at least one purchase from a cannabis store. Semi-structured interviews were conducted over Zoom, in May-June 2021. Participants responded to open-ended questions and reacted to existing prevention messages. Thematic analysis was performed by the three authors in two iterations; first initial themes were identified, and a coding framework was developed, then focused coding was conducted using this framework. Results: Sixteen parents ranging in age from 21-50 were interviewed. Most were women (14; 88%), 10 (63%) were White/Caucasian, 3 (19%) Black/African American, and 1 (1%) each Pacific Islander and White/Caucasian, Native American/American Indian, and Black/African American and White/Caucasian. Eleven had children between 2-10 y.o. and six between 11-17 y.o. in the home. Thirteen (81%) used cannabis daily, many for medicinal reasons. Parents described a wide range of storage practices and were supportive of receiving storage devices from retail stores. Health messages were well received when they were simple, depicted parents in a positive light, included relatable images, and emphasized edibles and that children may not know that products contain cannabis. Parents saw the importance of messages focused on brain development and the social consequences of teen use but were wary of messages that encouraged adult cannabis use to be hidden, that suggested that adults should communicate their disapproval of cannabis, or that described cannabis as addictive. Conclusions: Parents who use cannabis expressed concern for their kids and understood that cannabis use can negatively affect child development. While most were willing to store their cannabis out of reach of their children, cannabis was not viewed as being as harmful as other products that they consider a priority to store out of reach of children, such as opioids, alcohol, and guns. Content of health messages can easily be rejected if perceived as judgmental, stigmatizing, or untrue. Most parents trusted that open dialogues with their kids was the most effective prevention, and most were not willing to hide their own use.
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Browder, Jessica T., Bethany J. Wolf, S. Sam Lim, L. Quinnette King, Lori Ann Ueberroth, Diane L. Kamen, and Paula S. Ramos. "614 Racial discrimination among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and control participants in the Social Factors, Epigenomics and Lupus in African American Women (SELA) Study: preliminary description and exploratory analysis." In LUPUS 21ST CENTURY 2022 CONFERENCE, Abstracts of Sixth Scientific Meeting of North American and European Lupus Community, Tucson, AZ, USA – September 20–23, 2022. Lupus Foundation of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/lupus-2022-lupus21century.35.

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Britton, Mark, Eric Porges, Ronald Cohen, Yan Wang, Gladys Ibanez, Charurut Somboonwit, and Robert Cook. "Adolescent-Onset Cannabis Use Disorder Is Associated With Greater Self-Reported Apathy Among Adults Living with HIV in Florida." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.41.

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INTRODUCTION Heavy cannabis use has been associated with increased self-reported apathy, or the reduction in motivation and goal-oriented behavior. Apathy is also prevalent in people living with HIV (PLWH). Cannabis use is prevalent among PLWH and has been associated with alterations in brain areas linked to motivation and reward. However, there is a paucity of studies directly examining heavy cannabis use as a predictor of apathy in this population. The current study focuses on age of initiating heavy use, as the neurobehavioral effects of chronic cannabis use may be intensified by early heavy use. We hypothesized that adolescent-onset heavy users would show greater apathy than adult-onset heavy users and that both groups would show greater apathy than never-heavy users and never-users. METHODS Baseline data were taken from a larger study of marijuana use, cognition, and health in adults living with HIV; included participants had complete marijuana use data (N = 236). The Marin Apathy Evaluation Scale – Self (AES-S) was used to measure self-reported apathy. The marijuana section of the Substance Abuse Module (SAM-5) was administered. Participants were divided, based on age of first meeting criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder, into early-onset (<18) CUD, late-onset CUD, never-CUD, and never-user groups. To account for variations in cell size and outliers, a robust one-way ANOVA was conducted using the WRS2 R package, with age of onset of CUD as a predictor and AES-S total score as dependent variable; results were submitted to Hochberg post-hoc tests. RESULTS The mean age of included participants was 49.81 years. 73% of participants identified as black/African American, and 54% were assigned male at birth. 8% of included participants had early-onset CUD; 29% had late-onset CUD; 43% never met criteria for CUD; and 20% never used marijuana. 71.6% of participants currently used marijuana at least once a week. The mean AES-S score was 29.81. Age of CUD onset predicted AES-S score, F(3,48.5)=5.84, p = 0.002. Post hoc tests revealed that the early-onset group (mean = 33.4) was significantly more apathetic than the never-user group (mean = 28.5) (Ψ = 5.95, CI=1.73-10.16, p = 0.002) and the never-CUD group (mean = 29.9) (Ψ = 4.02, CI = 0.60-7.43, p = 0.013). No difference was detected between late-onset (mean = 30.1), never-CUD, and never-user groups (p >.05). DISCUSSION We observed that age of Cannabis Use Disorder onset is associated with AES-S score among adults living with HIV, such that adolescent-onset Cannabis Use Disorder predicted higher levels of apathy relative to groups with no history of Cannabis Use Disorder or cannabis use. Two interpretations of this finding may be advanced: first, that individuals predisposed to apathy are more likely to engage in heavy substance use; second, that early-onset substance use alters behavior and perhaps underlying reward circuitry. Limitations of this study include the absence of a control group without HIV and the cross-sectional nature of our data. Future directions include assessing the roles of current age, depression, and HIV viral suppression as potential covariates.
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Parisi, Christina, Yan Wang, Deepthi Varma, Krishna Vaddiparti, Gladys Ibañez, Liset Cruz Carrillo, and Robert Cook. "Changes in Marijuana Use Frequency Among People with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Methods Exploration." In 2022 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.02.000.24.

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Background: People with HIV (PWH) report unique reasons for using marijuana. Similarly, they report unique concerns resulting from marijuana use. Assessing and understanding the reasons driving marijuana use among PWH could provide critical insights into how to help maximize the therapeutic benefits and minimize potential harms of marijuana use. The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the access and use of substances globally. This study describes changes in patterns of marijuana use and reasons for those changes among PWH during the pandemic and implications for these findings in the future. The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe self-reported changes in marijuana use frequency during the COVID-19 pandemic among a cohort of PWH in Florida and 2) understand the reasons behind these changes through an analysis of open-ended qualitative questions. Methods: Data are cross-sectional and come from questions in a follow-up phone survey administered to a prospective cohort of PWH (75% current marijuana use) in Florida between May 2020-March 2021. Participants who used marijuana were asked about changes in their frequency of marijuana use due to the pandemic using a closed-ended quantitative survey and reasons for any reported changes in a qualitative open-ended question. Descriptive statistics and significance testing were completed in SAS 9.4. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results: Among the total sample of 227 PWH (mean age 50, 50% men, 69% Black/African American, 14% Hispanic/Latino); 15% reported a decreased frequency of marijuana, 9% reported increased frequency, and 76% reported no change. The most common reason for increasing the frequency of marijuana use was to reduce the increased anxiety or stress experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants also reported that marijuana helped them cope with self-reported depression and other negative life events and helped reduce boredom while their regular activities were restricted. Concerns about the impacts of marijuana on COVID-19 risk, using the pandemic as an opportunity to reduce or quit marijuana use, and issues with obtaining marijuana were common reasons for decreased use. Additionally, some participants reported that a primary reason for using marijuana was the social aspect of using in a group, and without being able to gather they were less motivated to use, contributing to decreased use. Conclusions: Nearly one-quarter of the participants had changes in their marijuana use frequency during the pandemic, and most of the participants with a change decreased their frequency of use. The changes in the frequency of marijuana use experienced by PWH during the pandemic might continue and prevent a return to “normal,” so it is important to understand how to best address the new needs of PWH who use marijuana. Understanding the reasons behind changes in marijuana use patterns in this population—and what demographics, attitudes, and beliefs might differentiate those with increases, decreases, or no change in marijuana use—can allow researchers and providers to make greater connections between HIV-specific health outcomes and marijuana use. These findings provide specific targets for interventions to maintain or even improve health among PWH during public health emergencies and beyond.
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Comer-HaGans, DeLawnia, Zo Ramamonjiarivelo, Shirley Spencer, Beverly Chukwudozie, Vida Henderson, Karriem Watson, Catherine Balthazar, et al. "Abstract B33: Motivating African American women with hereditary breast cancer risk to participate in genetic counseling." In Abstracts: Tenth AACR Conference on The Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; September 25-28, 2017; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp17-b33.

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Masunaga, Hiromi, and Tianni Zhou. "Reasons why students decide to leave a university." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002540.

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This project was designed to expand our understanding about (1) who drops out, and (2) what predicts student attrition in the first two years at a university. The university where this project has been conducted is a 4-year Hispanic Serving institution in California. The university currently involves approximately 34,000 undergraduate students, 44% of whom are from Hispanic/Latino background. Other groups are Asian (20%), White (16%), and African-American, American Indian and others (15%). We invited freshmen and sophomores to participate in this project when they had no registered courses two months after the registration period started (i.e., approximately three weeks before the start of the following semester). Our understanding was that the delay in the registration reflected cognitive and non-cognitive factors that would seriously and negatively impact continuous enrollment. A series of surveys and focus groups examined students’ decision-making motives and non-cognitive factors that would inhibit their academic progress, retention, and success. Non-cognitive reasons examined are:1. Financial problems, 2. Poor secondary school preparation, 3. Undecided/ Unsatisfactory majors, 4. Conflict with work and family commitments, 5. Increasing difficulty in academic success/progress, 6. Lack of quality time with faculty and counselors, 7. De-motivating school environment, 8. Undesirable experiences in classes, and 9. Lack of student support (Bownan et al., 2019; Goldrick-Rab, 2018; Kim, 2019; Kirp, 2019ab; Moody, 2019; Sagenmuller, 2019; Saunders-Scott, et al., 2018; Silver Wolf et al., 2017; Yool, 2019). This project additionally examined the impact from COVID-19. As compared to those participants who intended to return to the university, those who indicated that they would not return to the university presented a wider range of inhibiting factors, including: •Financial difficulties •Undecided, Undeclared, Undesirable, & Unsuitable Majors•Difficulties in maintaining good Academic Progress•Not being in contact with faculty & counselors•Not being connected with faculty & advisors•Perceived non-support - “Please reach out to me!”•Intimidation - Difficulty in reaching out to instructors or counselors•Low levels of awareness, access and use of University Support Services•Lack of understanding/support for college education from family•Lack of support on family needs that conflict with academic pursuit•Multitudes of obligations (e.g., financial, caregiving)•Some self-regulatory factors (e.g., time management, procrastination, goal setting)•Difficulty in online modalities of instruction during COVID-19The findings suggest a strong need to systematically support students who struggle. The majority of struggling students are first-time college students in the family, and low-income and under-represented students who have been strongly affected by COVID-19. When struggled, those students were not necessarily aware of campus resources or did not utilize the existing support services even when they were aware. Students sought individualized advising and wanted to be reached out. In order to promote students’ success, a holistic system must be built. For instance, it might be helpful if we try to: (1) unite financial aid, career advising, physical and mental health support, counseling, and academic support in order to ease access by students, and (2) promote student sense of belonging and connectedness as soon as they start their college lives.
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Reports on the topic "African American participants"

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Hollands, Aisha. Fostering Hope and Closing the Academic Gap: An Examination of College Retention for African-American and Latino Students who Participate in the Louis Stokes Alliance Minority Participation Program (Learning Community) While Enrolled in a Predominately White Institution. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.236.

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Huntington, Dale. Advances and challenges in postabortion care operations research: Summary report of a global meeting. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1005.

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The Global Meeting on Postabortion Care: Advances and Challenges in Operations Research was held at the Population Council’s New York office on January 19–21, 1998, to review progress made by three regional operations research (OR) projects in improving delivery of postabortion care. The resources of the three OR contracts were pooled, and, in collaboration with Ipas and the Ebert Program, approximately 65 researchers, senior program managers, and government officials from Africa, Latin America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia were convened. Three objectives guided the planning of the meeting: review progress in the development of OR methodologies pertaining to postabortion care, identify elements in the design of new postabortion care services, and suggest future areas for postabortion care OR. The meeting was organized around the presentation of 20 papers distributed to all participants several weeks earlier. Discussants presented critical syntheses of the papers and indicated directions for future OR studies. This report presents a summary overview of the principal themes and key points drawn from the papers and discussions, organized according to the theme of each session.
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Best practices in CBD programs in sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons learned from research and evaluation. Population Council, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2002.1006.

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Community-based distribution (CBD) is the use of nonprofessional local distributors or agents to provide family planning (FP) methods—typically condoms, pills, and spermicides—and referral for other services. FP programs in Africa, Asia, and Latin America have implemented CBD programs for the past 30 years. There is a large body of evidence on the effectiveness, cost, and sustainability of CBD models. Most evidence supports using CBD where appropriate conditions exist. However, major changes have taken place in the context in which programs operate, including the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, enhanced access to FP services, and increased demand for related reproductive health care. These changes call for a review of CBD’s relevance—particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. This seminar was organized by the Population Council’s Frontiers in Reproductive Health Program, Family Health International, and Advance Africa and attended by participants of the U.S. Agency for International Development and collaborating agencies. Key issues reviewed are detailed in this document.
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