Journal articles on the topic 'Africa'
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1
Enaifoghe, Andrew O., and Toyin C. Adetiba. "South African Economic Development in SADC Sub-Regional Integration." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2097.
Abstract:
Following the end of colonialism in the Southern African sub-region, the SADC has experienced a thorough rearrangement with South Africa as the front-runner as opposed to her pre-1994 stance on integration. African regional cooperation has nevertheless been revitalised in some ways as a result of the two major events which started in the beginning of the 1990s that include the abolition of the apartheid regime in South Africa, and the eventual stabilisation of both political and economic relationships in the Southern Africa sub-region. This study employs the use of content analyses to assess the position of South Africa investments in SADC. Through the use ofregional integration, the studyfurther examined various South Africa’s Key Economy Performance since 1994 which are the main contributing factors to South African economic growth; furthermore it looks at her material, commodity and political investment in the subregional integration process to determine if it serves as the strategy for National Economic Development for South Africa.The paper find out thatregardless of South Africa’s economic clout within the SADC region, its Foreign Direct Investment is predominantly from its investment and market penetration of Southern Africa region while maintaining constant economic growth.
2
van Doorn, Marlene. "On Documenting Africa in the Netherlands." African Research & Documentation 90 (2002): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00016812.
Abstract:
Almost ten years ago to the day I gave a talk at SCOLMA's 1992 annual general meeting on African documentation in the Netherlands, and possibilities for European co-operation. My talk focused on the Afrika-Studiecentrum (ASC) in Leiden and the work of the Library and Documentation Department. This talk, too, will focus on the Afrika-Studiecentrum. As the only research and documentation centre in the Netherlands devoted exclusively to Africa, the Afrika-Studiecentrum plays a pivotal role in Dutch African Studies and, as in 1992,1 happen to work there, so it is what I know best. I would like to tell you something about the Afrika Studiecentrum's origins and objectives, its research programme and the work of the Library, Documentation and Information Department.
3
van Doorn, Marlene. "On Documenting Africa in the Netherlands." African Research & Documentation 90 (2002): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305862x00016812.
Abstract:
Almost ten years ago to the day I gave a talk at SCOLMA's 1992 annual general meeting on African documentation in the Netherlands, and possibilities for European co-operation. My talk focused on the Afrika-Studiecentrum (ASC) in Leiden and the work of the Library and Documentation Department. This talk, too, will focus on the Afrika-Studiecentrum. As the only research and documentation centre in the Netherlands devoted exclusively to Africa, the Afrika-Studiecentrum plays a pivotal role in Dutch African Studies and, as in 1992,1 happen to work there, so it is what I know best. I would like to tell you something about the Afrika Studiecentrum's origins and objectives, its research programme and the work of the Library, Documentation and Information Department.
4
Eckert, Andreas. "50 Years of Africa Spectrum." Africa Spectrum 51, no. 1 (April 2016): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971605100105.
Abstract:
This article offers a portrait of the journal Africa Spectrum (known through 2008 as Afrika Spectrum), which just celebrated its 50th birthday. The essay outlines both the political and institutional context of its founding and traces its major transformations in format and content. Africa Spectrum's metamorphosis also reflects significant changes and trends in African studies in Germany and beyond. One of the journal's main features has been its strong interdisciplinary character and its geographically wide coverage. Over the last decade, Africa Spectrum has successfully trans formed itself from a mainly German enterprise into a highly visible international journal.
5
Bouillon, Antoine. "Les migrations africaines vers l’Afrique du Sud de l’apartheid à Mandela : la pompe aspirante toujours discriminante." Politique africaine 67, no. 1 (1997): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/polaf.1997.6065.
Abstract:
Immigration : from apartheid to Mandela. South-Africa, the great attractor. Hundreds of thousands of African immigrants from surrounding countries have been transformed by the South African political transition into “ illegal aliens”. South Africa has neverthelss become a privileged destination for thousands of refugees and migrants. Pre-apartheid and apartheid South Africa set up a system of control meant to promote “white” immigration and prohibit “black” immigration, while allowing categories of workers to enter and stay on temporary contracts, as part of the migrant labour system. The 1990 democratic transition saw an increased repression of “illegals” complement the implementation of a liberal asylum policy, but recently a regularization scheme has made room for Southern African (SADC) immigrants, while ignoring people from the “other Africas”.
6
SZYMCZYCHA, KAZIMIERZ. "Dialog z tradycyjnymi religiami Afryki w nauczaniu papieża Pawła VI, Jana Pawła II oraz w liście kardynała Francisa Arinze." Annales Missiologici Posnanienses, no. 17 (December 15, 2010): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/amp.2010.17.05.
Abstract:
The letter of pope Paul VI Africae terrarum is the first official Church document consecrated to Africa. It was issued on 29th of October 1967. It shows a positive perspective on African Traditional Religion. The second important group of texts regarding the attitude towards ATR are different texts said by John Paul II during his travels to Africa. Special attention should be paid also to the letter of card. F. Arinze consecrated to the pastoral care of the followers of African Traditional Religion.
7
Larasati, Langgeng, and Dike Aseilla. "Upaya Diplomasi Ekonomi Indonesia di Afrika Melalui Preferential Trade Agreement Indonesia Mozambik." KELUWIH: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 2, no. 2 (October 26, 2021): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24123/soshum.v2i2.4625.
Abstract:
Abstract—In recent years, Indonesia has begun to expand trade cooperation in non-traditional markets, one of which is in the African region. Indonesia is active in cooperating with Africa because Africa is the "continent of hope" which contains a lot of material values that can be used wisely to increase the progress and prosperity of both parties. Indonesia has held two large meetings between Indonesia and Africa at the IAF (Indonesia Africa Forum) in 2018 followed by the IAID (Indonesia Africa Infrastructure Dialogue) on 20-21 August 2019. Mozambique is one of the countries on the African continent that is collaborating with Indonesia through the Indonesia-Mozambique Preferential Trade Agreement (IM-PTA) which was signed on 27 August 2019. This study attempts to describe the process of Indonesia's economic diplomacy in the IM-PTA. This research uses qualitative methods and literature study. The result of this research is that Indonesia's economic diplomacy efforts in IM-PTA have been carried out through seven stages of economic diplomacy. IM-PTA has now entered the ratification process and is expected to be the opening route for Indonesia's investment in Africa to increase economic growth in both countries. Keywords: economic diplomacy, IM-PTA, indonesia, mozambique
Abstrak—Beberapa tahun belakangan, Indonesia mulai memperluas kerja sama perdagangan di pasar non-tradisional yang salah satunya berada di kawasan Afrika. Indonesia giat menjalin kerjasama dengan Afrika disebabkan bahwa Afrika sebagai “Benua Harapan” yang mana banyak terkandung nilai material yang dapat dimanfaatkan dengan bijak guna meningkatkan kemajuan dan kemakmuran kedua belah pihak. Indonesia telah menggelar dua pertemuan besar Antara Indonesia dan Afrika dalam IAF (Indonesia Africa Forum) pada 2018 kemudian disusul dengan IAID (Indonesia Africa Infrastructure Dialogue) pada 20-21 Agustus 2019. Mozambik merupakan salah satu negara di benua Afrika yang menjalin kerja sama dengan Indonesia melalui Preferential Trade Agreement Indonesia-Mozambik (IM-PTA) yang ditandangani pada 27 Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini berupaya untuk menguraikan proses diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia dalam IM-PTA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah upaya diplomasi ekonomi Indonesia dalam IM-PTA telah dijalankan melalui tujuh tahapan diplomasi ekonomi. IM-PTA kini sudah memasuki proses ratifikasi dan diharapkan dapat menjadi pembuka jalur investasi Indonesia di Afrika untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi di kedua negara. Kata kunci: diplomasi ekonomi, IM-PTA, indonesia, mozambik
8
Shaw, Timothy M. "African agency? Africa, South Africa and the BRICS." International Politics 52, no. 2 (December 12, 2014): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ip.2014.48.
9
Emelianenko, Ekaterina Gar’evna. "Postcolonial Africa: problems and prospects." Мировая политика, no. 2 (February 2020): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8671.2020.2.33344.
Abstract:
The article considers the problems of transition of African states to the south of Sahara from the position of the “hopeless continent” to the economic rise and raises the questions of conformity with these changes. The author gives special attention to the consequences of decolonization, the functioning of modern political institutions, the actions of the elite, the migration issues, labor discrimination of African migrants in Europe, and the aftereffect of economic presence of China in African countries. The author draws attention to the fact that the so-called raise had already been experienced by the Africal continent. Since the acquisition of independence, many texts have been published including scientific articles, describing Africa “on the rise”. However, in unfavorable conditions resulting from the policies of colonial powers, African states can’t overcome the lingering crisis due to internal reasons. Political elites are pursuing their policies for the convenience of former colonial powers rather than of their own state. The author’s personal attendance at the economic forum within the Russia-Africa summit helped collect unique materials and expert opinions of political and public leaders of African States about topical problems. The author analyzes the consequences of decolonization and the activities of modern “partners” and concludes that, in a time of resource shortage experienced by many countries, African states to the South of Sahara will face even more serious economic, ecological and social problems. Based on its past, Africa should find its own development path and protect its own interests and values. During the development of state and national strategies, a special role should be given to the issues of education, as it is the basis for the formation of human values and worldview for the future.
10
Blaauw, Phillip, Anmar Pretorius, Christie Schoeman, and Rinie Schenck. "Explaining Migrant Wages: The Case Of Zimbabwean Day Labourers In South Africa." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 11, no. 12 (November 29, 2012): 1333. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v11i12.7413.
Abstract:
There has been an increasing inflow of migrants and refugees into South Africa during the last two decades. The origin of these migrants is mainly from South Africas long-established sources of migrant workers, including countries from the Southern African Development Community. Over the last decade, African immigrants have encountered brutal manifestations of resentment at their presence in South Africa. The reasons for this are multifaceted, but one of the pertinent perceptions is that immigrants from the countrys northern borders are taking South Africans jobs. It is often claimed that casual immigrant workers are willing to work for very low daily wages. In doing so, they get temporary employment in the informal and formal economy at the expense of South African workers, who have much higher reservation wages in the same informal labour market. This is the first study to focus on the wages of migrant day labourers in South Africa by investigating the determinants of day labour wages for migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe. The respondents for this study were interviewed during the first countrywide survey of day labourers in South Africa during 2007. The paper concludes that the income from migrant day labourers from Zimbabwe often exceeds that of the average day labourer in South Africa. The Zimbabweans are, in many cases, better qualified than the average day labourer in South Africa. The main determinants of these migrant wages are their formal level of schooling, language proficiency and the completion of vocational training courses.
11
Hayes, C. "African Equity [women - Africa]." Engineering & Technology 17, no. 6 (July 1, 2022): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/et.2022.0611.
12
Mediannikov, Oleg, Jean-François Trape, Georges Diatta, Philippe Parola, Pierre-Edouard Fournier, and Didier Raoult. "Rickettsia africae, Western Africa." Emerging Infectious Diseases 16, no. 3 (March 2010): 571–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1603.090346.
13
Pandor, Naledi. "African studies in Africa." International Journal of African Renaissance Studies - Multi-, Inter- and Transdisciplinarity 1, no. 2 (January 2006): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18186870608529725.
14
Emmanuel, Nikolas. "African peacekeepers in Africa." African Security Review 24, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2014.993668.
15
Martin, Guy. "Dream of Unity: From the United States of Africa to the Federation of African States." African and Asian Studies 12, no. 3 (2013): 169–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15692108-12341261.
Abstract:
Abstract The Pan-Africanists leaders’ dream of unity was deferred in favor of the gradualist/functionalist perspective embodied in a weak and loosely-structured Organization of African Unity (OAU) created on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia). This article analyses the reasons for this failure, namely: the reluctance of newly-independent African leaders to abandon their newly-won sovereignty in favor of a broader political unity; suspicion on the part of many African leaders that Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana intended to become the super-president of a united Africa; and divide and rule strategies on the part of major Western powers (including the United States and France) meant to sabotage any attempt at African unity. The African Union which, on 26 May 2001, formally replaced the OAU, is also bound to fail because it is modeled on the European Union. The article then briefly surveys proposals for a re-configuration of the African states and a revision of the political map of Africa put forth by various authors, namely: Cheikh Anta Diop’s Federal African State; Marc-Louis Ropivia’s geopolitics of African regional integration; Makau wa Mutua’s and Arthur Gakwandi’s new political maps of Africa; Joseph Ki-Zerbo’s Federal African State; Daniel Osabu-Kle’s United States of Africa; Godfrey Mwakikagile’s African Federal Government; and Pelle Danabo’s pan-African Federal State. The article concludes with an overview of Mueni wa Muiu’s Fundi wa Afrika paradigm advocating the creation of a Federation of African States (FAS) based on five sub-regional states with a federal capital (Napata) and a rotating presidency, eventually leading to total political and economic integration.
16
LANDAUER, CARL. "Things Fall Together: The Past and Future Africas of T. O. Elias's Africa and the Development of International Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 21, no. 2 (June 2008): 351–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156508004986.
Abstract:
AbstractThis article investigates T. O. Elias's constructions of past and future Africas in Africa and the Development of International Law. It locates Elias within Nigeria's educated elite and its oscillating constructions of past and future Africas, and turns specifically to Elias's romanticized African past of the great medieval empires as a source of legitimacy within the broader ‘development’ of international law. The article works through his depiction of ‘customary’ law in Nigeria and how the African past maintains its presence in current law, and then addresses Elias's depiction of the future represented by new pan-African institutions. Finally, the article discusses Elias's depiction of a liberating future or ‘modern’ international law – the move from consent to consensus – in which Africa seems important only within the broader population of new states, and how his conception of international law – citing Jenks and Jessup, Friedmann and Falk – with its commitment to law's reflection of society, fits comfortably within the traditions of a modern sociological jurisprudence.
17
Zack-Williams, Alfred. "Strengthening of African studies in Africa and South Africa." African Affairs 105, no. 421 (July 31, 2006): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adl019.
18
Rao, Rojukurthi Sudhakar. "How Different Is United Africa (UA) At The United Nations (UN) From African Union (AU) Within Africa? A Paradigmatics Research." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 2 (February 27, 2024): 3278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0224.0604.
19
d, d. "Parental Financial Socialisation of Young Black African Adults in South Africa." GLOBAL BUSINESS FINANCE REVIEW 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2024): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17549/gbfr.2024.29.1.72.
Abstract:
Purpose: Parental financial socialisation is necessary to help young adults to effectively manage their finances and improve their financial well-being. This study examined parental financial socialisation of young black African adults by their parents in rural and low-income area in South Africa.
Design/methodology/approach: Parental financial socialisation was measured through parental financial behaviour, parental financial monitoring, parental financial discussions, parental financial communications, and parental finan-cial teaching. This study adopted quantitative research approach and self-administered questionnaire to collect data from young black African adults in Fetakgomo Tubatse and Intsika Yethu municipalities because these municipal-ities are the most rural and low-income areas in South Africa. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. The composite score was calculated to determine parental financial socialisation.
Findings: The overall score of Parental financial socialisation was 53%, which is moderate. Thus, young black African adults are financially socialised by their parents. This result was surprising as parents in rural and low-income areas uphold cultural norms and values and consider discussing certain issues like money with children a taboo.
Research limitations/implications: Due to the low levels of general literacy among the respondents, which neg-atively affected data collection; some young adults did not understand the questionnaire and withdrew from partic-ipating in the study. Furthermore, even though confidentiality and anonymity were guaranteed, respondents were reluctant to participate in the study. They feared exposing their financial position and displayed a lack of trust.
Originality/value: This study is the first to investigate parental financial socialisation of young black African adults in rural and low-income area in South Africa. This study concluded by providing recommendations and suggestions for future research.
20
Zhen, Cheng. "Explore China-Africa Relations Through China-Africa Trade Exchanges." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 44, no. 1 (November 10, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/44/20232171.
Abstract:
In recent years, with the deepening of economic globalization, the trade between China and African countries has become increasingly close. The trade between China and Africa has brought economic growth to China and African countries, consolidated the friendly relations between the two sides, and also led to some frictions and disputes. The economic and trade cooperation between China and African countries began as early as around the 1950s. On May 30,1956, Egypt and China established diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level. It was the first country in Africa to establish diplomatic relations with China, opening a new chapter in China-Africa relations. Since then, China has maintained increasingly close ties with African countries and has established diplomatic relations with more African countries. On this basis, China and African countries have also gradually started economic and trade cooperation. China has helped many African countries to carry out infrastructure construction, promoted the economic development of African countries, and also helped them to enhance their international status to a certain extent. The economic and trade relations between China and East African countries are generally improving, but there are still many problems and instability. Only by carrying out trade in the right way can the friendly relations between China and African countries be maintained.
21
Rufai, Saheed Ahmad, Luqman Lekan Adedeji, and Bello Musa. "Using African Indigenous Knowledge in Conceptualizing Peculiarities-Based Teacher Education Curricula for African Universities." Indonesian Journal of Curriculum and Educational Technology Studies 9, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijcets.v9i1.46800.
Abstract:
The dominant nature of Western models of teacher education in African universities has become a subject of great concern. Research reveals that teacher education curriculum models in such universities are either a wholesale importation or partial duplication of some of the dominant models of teacher preparation especially the Teachers College, Columbia and University of Wisconsin, Madison models. Accordingly, such curricula are ostensibly non-African in nature. Consequently, there is a clamour for an African indigenous model with potential to produce African-based teachers for Africa and its Diaspora. This study which has Indigenous Knowledge as its theoretical basis attempts to formulate university-based Afrocentric teacher education curriculum. The study employs a multiplicity of methods comprising curriculum criticism, the historical method, the analytic method, and creative synthesis. Its significance lies in its potential to contribute to the promotion of the African identity through ideologically independent teachers for ultimate implementation of school curricula in Africa.
Abstrak
Dominasi pendidikan keguruan model Barat di universitas-universitas Afrika telah menjadi perhatian yang besar. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa model-model pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan keguruan sepenuhnya merupakan impor atau duplikasi dari model beberapa model dominan persiapan calon guru, terutama Teachers College, Columbia dan universitas Wisconsin, Madison. Dengan demikian, kurikulum yang dijalankan seolah-olah tidak kontekstual Afrika. Akibatnya, muncul tuntutan lahirnya model asli Afrika yang potensial menghasilkan guru-guru berbasis Afrika untuk Afrika dan diasporanya. Kajian ini menggunakan pengetahuan pribumi sebagai basis teoretik untuk mengembangkan kurikulum pendidikan keguruan berbasis universitas yang menempatkan nuansa dan konteks Afrika sebagai fokus utama. Kajian ini menggunakan beragam metode, antara lain kritik kurikulum, telaah sejarah, metode analitik, dan sintesis kreatif. Signifikansi kajian ini terlatak pada potensinya berkontribusi bagi promosi identitas Afrika melalui guru-guru yang secara ideologis independent untuk mengimplementasikan kurikulum sekolah-sekolah di Afrika secara optimal.
22
Rademacher, Ute, and Terri Grant. "Out of Africa." TATuP - Zeitschrift für Technikfolgenabschätzung in Theorie und Praxis 28, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14512/tatup.28.2.s41.
Abstract:
Corporations, social organisations, and government stakeholders are increasingly engaged in implementing Western information and communication technologies (ICTs) in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the impact of the digital revolution, critical questions emerge around the presumed need for this “into Africa” implementation. Our contribution aims to strike a counter-intuitive note amid the global perspective of “expanding” ICT into Africa. In the first place, we argue that the “digital revolution” in Africa is taking place successfully because it is based on important values originating in indigenous cultures – including African cultures – rather than Western principles. In the second place, we assume that digitalisation will be driven through “out of Africa” developments rather than an “implementation in Africa”. To substantiate our thesis, we present an example of a successful ICT service provider “made in Africa” and cutting-edge propositions created by African ICT students as potential future “out of Africa” business solutions.
23
Ndlovu-Gatsheni, Sabelo J., and Bongani Ngqulunga. "Introduction: From the idea of Africa to the African idea of Africa." Thinker 93, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 6–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v93i4.2201.
Abstract:
This special issue is part of the collaborative research project initiated by the Chair in Epistemologies of the Global South with Emphasis on Africa, based at the University of Bayreuth in Germany, and the Johannesburg Institute for Advanced Study (JIAS), based at the University of Johannesburg in South Africa. The collaborative project is entitled “The Changing African Idea of Africa and the Future of African Studies.” At the University of Bayreuth, the research project is also part of The African Multiple Cluster of Excellencesupported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (grant number EX 20521-390713894). The overarching agenda of The African Multiple Cluster of Excellence is that of reconfiguring African Studies, and at the centre of this is the imperative of doing AfricanStudies with Africans while also privileging African voices and intellectual/academic productions.
24
"UNITED STATES OF AFRICA? AFRICAN UNION LAUNCHES ALL-AFRICA PASSPORT." Indonesian Journal of International Law 13, no. 2 (January 2, 2016): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol13.2.653.
25
Sabar, Galia. "Africa - Israel - Africa Return-migration experiences of African labour migrants." Migration Letters 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v10i1.111.
Abstract:
This paper analyses homecoming experiences of African labour migrants who lived in Israel and returned home. Using qualitative research methodologies, I discerned what factors - material and non-material - determine the relative success of the return process. Focusing on these factors’ effects, I offer a new understanding of labour migrants’ homecoming experiences: those who are “content,” “readjusting,” or “lost. Following Ulrich Beck's (2006) analysis of cosmopolitanism, I suggest that these categories portray significant new life spaces that are neither what they left nor what they came from, and are dynamic, fragile, and constantly changing. In some cases the influence of economic assets on the returned migrants’ homecoming experience was indeed crucial, in many other cases the challenges of reconnecting oneself with home, family, and existing social norms and customs was much more influential on their homecoming experience including on their sense of well-being. Furthermore, some of the non-material goods such as individualization, personal responsibility, and long-term planning proved useful, others such as trust, particularly in relation to family, were detrimental.
26
Numadi, Katong Ragawi, and Filasafia Marsya Ma’rifat. "Global Response towards the Transnationalism of Illegal Rhinoceros Commodity Hunting and Trading in South Africa." Jurnal Global & Strategis 17, no. 1 (May 30, 2023): 239–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.1.2023.239-268.
Abstract:
Globalization, which coincides with the formation of a global economic network, has provided convenience in various aspects as well as created new threats, one of them is illegal poaching and illegal trade in wildlife commodities. This is illustrated in this paper through the integration of Africa into the dynamics of the global economy which also has a negative impact in the form of increasing cases of illegal poaching and trade in wildlife commodities, especially African rhino species. The results of this qualitative research found that the issue of poaching wild rhinos in the African region experienced a drastic increase in the early 2010s and reached its peak in 2016 with South Africa as the hotspot as well as the starting point of the supply chain on this issue. Even though the South African government has ratified the Convention on International Trades on Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) and made various prevention efforts, the South African government is still experiencing bureaucratic limitations and conflicts of interest in dealing with this issue. As a result, the “transnational” term of illegal wildlife hunting and trade operations also requires other collaborative steps involving various international state organizations (IGOs) and non-state (INGOs) working in the same field. Keywords: Rhinoceros, Rhino Horn, South Africa, Poaching, Illicit Trade Globalisasi yang bersamaan dengan terbentuknya jaringan perekonomian global pada faktanya telah memberikan kemudahan di berbagai aspek sekaligus memunculkan berbagai ancaman baru, salah satunya adalah perburuan dan perdagangan komoditas margasatwa ilegal. Hal tersebut diilustrasikan dalam tulisan ini melalui integrasi Afrika ke dalam dinamika ekonomi global yang tidak hanya berdampak positif, tetapi juga memunculkan dampak negatif berupa meningkatnya kasus perburuan dan perdagangan komoditas margasatwa ilegal, khususnya spesies badak Afrika. Hasil penelitian kualitatif ini menemukan bahwa isu perburuan badak liar di wilayah Afrika mengalami peningkatan drastis di awal dekade 2010-an dan mencapai puncaknya pada tahun 2016 dengan Afrika Selatan sebagai hotspot sekaligus titik awal rantai suplai dalam isu tersebut. Kendati pemerintah Afrika Selatan telah meratifikasi Convention on International Trades on Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna (CITES) dan melakukan berbagai upaya pencegahan, pemerintah Afrika Selatan nyatanya masih mengalami keterbatasan birokrasi dan konflik kepentingan dalam mengatasi isu tersebut. Alhasil, sifat transnasional dalam operasi perburuan dan perdagangan satwa ilegal juga menuntut adanya langkah kolaboratif lain yang melibatkan berbagai organisasi internasional negara (IGOs) dan non-negara (INGOs) yang bergerak di bidang yang sama. Kata-kata Kunci: Badak, Cula Badak, Afrika Selatan, Perburuan, dan Perdagangan Ilegal
27
Camara, Mohamed Saliou. "Africa-to-Africa: A Responsible Alternative to Study Abroad for 21st-century African Scholarship." African Issues 28, no. 1-2 (2000): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1548450500006879.
Abstract:
African scholars and activists often suggest that study-abroad programs to Africa be transformed to include an Africa-to-Africa exchange component. Their argument often includes discussion of the possibility that conventional study-abroad programs might perpetuate a colonial relationship between rich nations and those of the African continent rather that developing new relationships among African citizen diplomats. The following is an excellent overview of this debate.
28
Klaver, Mark, and Michael Trebilcock. "Chinese Investment in Africa." Law and Development Review 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2011): 168–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1943-3867.1126.
Abstract:
Chinese investment in Africa has increased rapidly over the past two decades. This paper asks how, why, whether it is good or bad, and what Africans can do about it. On how, the Chinese government actively promotes liberal investment regulations in Africa. It also keeps close contact with major Chinese enterprises investing on the continent. On why, the motivation behind Chinese investment in Africa is self-interested: China primarily wants Africa’s natural resources. China also seeks to access local markets, and to capitalize on Africa's preferential trade access to the West. On whether Chinese investment is good or bad for Africa, African economies are growing at unprecedented rates, partly due to Chinese investment. This paper highlights seven reasons Chinese investment contributes to African growth. But it also reveals three drawbacks to Chinese investment in Africa. On what Africans can do about Chinese investment, Africa can capitalize on it by proactively promulgating a tax code that promotes African development. The tax code's goal should be to use Chinese investment and natural resource revenues to develop Africa’s manufacturing sector through infrastructure, special economic zones, and education. Thus, this paper maintains that although Chinese investment in Africa is not unambiguously advantageous, it presents major opportunities for African development.
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Viljoen, L. "'A white fly on the sombre window pane': The construction of Africa and identity in Breyten Breytenbach’s poetry." Literator 22, no. 2 (August 7, 2001): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v22i2.359.
Abstract:
This article explores the way in which the construction of Africa interacts with the construction of identity in the poetry written by Breyten Breytenbach. On the one hand, Breytenbach’s use of the name Jan Afrika, his attempts to emphasise the African-ness of the language Afrikaans as well as the construct Afrikaner indicate a desire to locate his origins in Africa and fix his identity in relation to Africa; on the other hand, it is clear that he constantly problematises the idea of a stable identity. Imposing a narrative on Breytenbach’s poetic oeuvre, it becomes clear that the ‘story’ of his poetry coincides with the order of events in his personal life and that his construction of Africa interacts with and determines the construction of his own identity. In conclusion it becomes clear that Breytenbach locates himself against the background of Africa from which he derives his sense of self, but at the same time takes the position of the nomad, exile, migrant or outsider because it provides him with a unique perspective and the possibilities of transgression and renewal.
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Pfister, Roger. "On the Utility Side of the Internet for African Studies and Africa: A Researcher's Experiences." A Current Bibliography on African Affairs 28, no. 1 (September 1996): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001132559702800103.
Abstract:
This article is based on my recently published Internet for Africanists and Others Interested in Africa: An Introduction to the Internet and a Comprehensive Compilation of Relevant Addresses, Basel/Bern: Basler Afrika Bibliographien/Swiss Society of African Studies, 1996. 140 pp., ISBN 3-905141-67-1.
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Ngqulunga, Bongani. "Genealogies of African Nationalism and the Idea of Africa." Thinker 93, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 10–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36615/the_thinker.v93i4.2202.
Abstract:
The historiography of the African nationalist movement in South Africa tends to focus on the struggle for political liberation. Whatgets marginalised, often, is that early African nationalists envisioned their political mission as not only bringing about inclusive freedom, but also to establish what they called ‘the ‘New Africa’ or ‘the regeneration of Africa’. The purpose of this paper is to discuss critically the idea of Africa—the New Africa—that leading early African nationalist intellectuals such as Pixley ka Isaka Seme, SelopeThema, Selby Msimang, Anton Lembede and Herbert Dhlomo advocated. This paper explores commonalities and differences in their imaginings and idea of Africa, and demonstrates the significance that political and intellectual currents from the African diaspora had in shaping the notion of the ‘New Africa’ that they advocated. By focusing on this idea at the heart of the African nationalist political tradition, the paper challenges scholarship that often dismisses early African nationalists as conservative, influenced by their experiences in mission communities, or by an eagerness to become loyal subjects of the British Empire.
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Arah, Isaac Kojo, and Ernest Kodzo Kumah. "Organic Agriculture and Food Security: The Story of Africa." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 5, no. 1 (October 26, 2015): 591–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v5i1.4507.
Abstract:
Global food security problem has raise concerns on the best agricultural practices that will stand the test of time to replace the already failing conventional agriculture. Yields are reportedly decreasing despite the increasing use of imputes. In the quest of solving this problem, researches have revealed that organic agriculture can get the needed results in a more sustainable manner. Activists of organic agriculture are therefore of the view that it is the best option for food sustainability especially in developing worlds like Africa. Critics also think organic agriculture is a sort of luxurious lifestyle being champion by some few rich consumers at the expense of the vulnerable majority. It is therefore unclear whether organic agriculture is the answer to Africas food crisis. It was shown by literature that organic agriculture is the best model of agriculture for Africa in tackling the food needs of the continent. The superiority of organic agriculture over conventional agriculture was seen in its high yielding crops, high nutrient food produced, less energy consumption and less greenhouse gas produced during production, high drought and flood resistant crops with an overall positive impact on the ecosystem. However, challenges such as lack of national organic agriculture policies, low/no research in organic agriculture, high cost of organic certification and imputes, high illiteracy rate, and under developed markets in most African countries hampers widespread adoption of organic agriculture in Africa. Until these challenges are addressed by governments of African countries, organic agriculture cannot be the answer to Africas food crises.
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Zell, Hans M. "Publishing in Africa." Logos 30, no. 3 (January 20, 2020): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18784712-03003004.
Abstract:
This two-part article is a sequel to a two-part paper published in Logos in 2008–2009. It provides a round-up of the current situation of the book industry in Africa today (primarily that in English-speaking sub-Saharan Africa), together with a brief review of the activities of the various organizations that have supported African publishing over the years. Part 1 examines the persistent failure of African governments to support their book industries and public libraries in a tangible and positive fashion. It reviews the current status of book development councils in Africa, the unsatisfactory progress in establishing national book policies, the challenges of generating book industry data, and the opportunities presented to African publishers by the new digital environment. An Appendix provides a list of conferences, meetings, and seminars on publishing and book development held in Africa between 1968 and 2019. Part 2 of this article will appear in Logos, 30 (4).
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Miao, Miao, Qiaoqi Lang, Dinkneh Gebre Borojo, Jiang Yushi, and Xiaoyun Zhang. "The Impacts of Chinese FDI and China–Africa Trade on Economic Growth of African Countries: The Role of Institutional Quality." Economies 8, no. 3 (June 29, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8030053.
Abstract:
While there is a consensus on the expanding importance of the China–Africa economic relationship, there is much more debate on how to portray the relationship. Thus, this study is aimed to examine the impacts of the China–Africa trade and Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) on the growth of African countries controlling the mediating role of institutional quality. The two-step system Generalized method of moments (GMM) model is applied using robust data for the period of 2003–2017. Drawing on complementary theoretical perspectives, this study took into account the conditional effect of China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI subject to the institutional quality of African countries and the interdependence of China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI to African countries. The benign impacts of the China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI on economic growth to African countries remain contingent upon appropriate policy action to improve the institutional quality of African countries and the synergies between the China–Africa trade and Chinese FDI to African countries.
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Musara, Mazanai, and Andrew Maredza. "Intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship for intra-African trade and economic development." Ekonomski vjesnik 35, no. 2 (2022): 367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51680/ev.35.2.10.
Abstract:
Purpose: This paper aims to conceptualize intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship and provide evidence of its impact on intra-African trade and economic development. Immigrant entrepreneurship is often regarded as a key driver of international trade and economic development around the world; yet very little is known about intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship and its role in intra-African trade and economic development in Africa. Methodology: This paper applied a systematic review of literature methodology to provide insights into the role of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship on trade and economic development of both host and home countries. Recommendations on how intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship can be used to promote intra-African trade and economic development are reviewed. Results: Policy guidelines that may increase the positive impact of immigrant entrepreneurs within the context of intra-African trade include immigration policies that attract high impact entrepreneurs, non-discriminatory support for high impact immigrant entrepreneurs as well as policies to strengthen the role of free trade agreements such as the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). Conclusion: We conclude that African regional integration to promote intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship development is a conduit for Africa’s long-term and sustainable economic development. Evidence of the positive impact of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship on intra-African trade and economic development is scant. At the same time, the notions of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship are not well documented in the literature. This paper provides arguments for the promotion of intra-Africa immigrant entrepreneurship as a tool to increase intra-African trade and economic development.
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Ndlovu, Mphathisi, and Maame Nikabs. "COVID-19 and the constructions of Africa in African news media." Journal of African Media Studies 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2023): 179–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jams_00099_1.
Abstract:
This article examines the constructions of Africa in COVID-19-related stories that were produced by African news media. Dominant scholarship indicates that western media generally reproduce and perpetuate harmful stereotypes on Africa. Given that there is scant literature on how African media covers Africa, this article uses the COVID-19 pandemic as an entry point to explore the disease narratives on Africa. Drawing on Afrokology as decolonial perspective, this article examines the discourses and narratives on Africa that were produced by African news organizations. Data were drawn from ten news organizations from Ghana, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Egypt. A quantitative corpus analysis and a qualitative critical discourse analysis were used to analyse the COVID-19-related stories. Findings demonstrate that harmful disease stereotypes about Africa as a place of danger, darkness, tragedy and human rights abuses were reproduced by the African media.
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Mbarika, V. W. A., and I. Mbarika. "Africa calling [African wireless connection]." IEEE Spectrum 43, no. 5 (May 2006): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2006.1628825.
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Hammer, Deborah Stokes. "Faces of Africa: African Masks." African Arts 20, no. 4 (August 1987): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3336642.
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Austin, Gareth. "African Economic History in Africa." Economic History of Developing Regions 30, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20780389.2015.1033686.
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Peirce, Bonny Norton, and Stanley G. M. Ridge. "Multilingualism in Southern Africa." Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 17 (March 1997): 170–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500003330.
Abstract:
In his keynote address to the 1994 conference of the Southern African Association of Applied Linguistics, Adegbija (1994a) identified three problems faced by applied linguists in the African multilingual context. First, apart from the vibrant work in South Africa, there is very little focus on applied linguistic research in Africa, and what there is tends to focus on the ex-colonial languages rather than the indigenous languages. Second, applied linguists in African countries other than South Africa tend to have very limited research facilities. In some cases, teachers struggle to acquire the most basic resources such as typewriters and stationery. Third, political, social, and economic instability in many parts of Africa seriously undermines the work of applied linguists: A program of work begun in one political era can be summarily cut off in another.
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Oluwatayo, Isaac B., and Ayodeji O. Ojo. "Food Insecurity and the Rising Urbanisation in Africa: Can ICT Revolution Bridge the GAP?" Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 10, no. 1(J) (March 15, 2018): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v10i1(j).2104.
Abstract:
The task of reducing food insecurity in Africa is very challenging. This is because of the changing conditions such as adverse climate change impacts. This study examined food insecurity, urbanisation and ICT in Africa. The paper employed a combination of both secondary and historical information obtained from different sources (UNHCR, FAO, Mo Ibrahim Foundation etc). Analytical method used include descriptive statistics such as charts. Food security indices in Africa is alarming and disturbing. One in four people in Africa do not have access to food in adequate quantities and one in five African children are underweight. African agriculture is rendered unattractive by low productivity hence the exodus of labour from rural to urban areas. Africa is the most rapidly urbanising continent in the world with enabling factors comprising of infrastructure deficits in rural areas, dearth of employment opportunities and glamour of city life. However, Africa’s urban centres are not immune to the challenges inducing rural-urban migration in the first place. In fact, youth unemployment in Africa is 6 times higher in urban areas than in rural areas. About 72percent of urban dwellers live in slums with the most of them having no access to basic amenities. These culminated in what is regarded in literature as ‘urbanisation of poverty’. Migrants are generally scapegoated as the causes of crimes, violence and even unemployment in urban areas. Therefore, they are subjected to sub-human living conditions. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is particularly critical to the achievement of food security in Africa. This is because of the huge gap between markets and farmers which it is capable of filling. The paper therefore recommends increased but monitored investments in infrastructure in Africa in order to make rural areas more attractive and discourage rural-urban migration. There is also the need to provide favourable micro and macro-environment for businesses to grow especially in rural Africa.
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Chalufu, Sibusiso, Matete Madiba, Saloschini Pillay, and Matome Mashiapata. "Perspectives from the Africa region." New Directions for Student Services 2023, no. 183 (September 2023): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ss.20478.
Abstract:
AbstractThis article describes the student affairs associations of South Africa and how they pooled their strategy into a Southern African federation, strengthening their impact on student support and development, policy development, and professional development in Southern Africa. The pan‐African developments to strengthen higher education, driven by the Association for African Universities, reveal the ambitious plans to strengthen student support in African higher education.
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Leanne, Shelly. "The Clinton Administration and Africa: Perspective of the Congressional Black Caucus and TransAfrica." Issue: A Journal of Opinion 26, no. 2 (1998): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047160700502893.
Abstract:
Surprising to some, African American leaders have expressed a relatively high level of dissatisfaction with the Clinton administration’s policies toward Africa both before and after President Clinton’s historic journey to the African continent in 1998. Well-publicized protests against the administration’s Nigerian policy were supported by Trans-Africa, many members of the Congressional Black Caucus (CBC), and other organizations with large numbers of African American supporters, such as the Washington Office on Africa (WOA). Likewise, both TransAfrica and many members of the CBC were sufficiently unhappy with Clinton’s approach that they boycotted the 1994 White House Conference on Africa. More recently, the CBC refused to take an official stance on the Africa Growth and Opportunity Act, and over 30 percent of its members voted against the act in the House of Representatives. Given the contrast between an African policy perceived popularly as innovative and supportive of Africa, and the fairly high level of dissension and disapproval among African American leaders toward that policy, it is particularly worth exploring African American perspectives about Clinton’s African policies.
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Kravchenko, Mariia. "Integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa: history and prospects for development." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-52-62.
Abstract:
The article deals with the main integration associations of such a promising but controversial region, as Sub-Saharan Africa. The author emphasizes the continuity of regional integration associations’ formation that goes back to the colonial times, to the first half of the 20th century. Periodization of ongoing integration processes in Sub-Saharan Africa is proposed in the research. Key milestones for the further regional integration were: - 1963, the foundation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU); and the beginning of Independence for many postcolonial countries of Sub-Saharan Africa; - 1980, the Lagos Plan of Action adoption that led to the establishment in future of the following integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa: ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States; COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa; ECCAS, Economic Community of Central African States; - 1991, the signing of the Abuja Treaty, which called for the African Economic Community creation as the new stage for economic cooperation and integration of the continent, including Sub-Saharan Africa; - 1999-2002, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) transition into the African Union (AU), launching of new partnerships and integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa, increased integration. At the beginning of the 21st century, there are serious economic and political factors for disintegration in the region. Nevertheless, the following integration associations, as stated in the article, proved to be effective: SADC, Southern African Development Community; EAC, East African Community; COMESA, Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa. The author argues that the existence since 2015 the Tripartite Free Trade Area (TFTA) between EAC, COMESA and SADC marks a significant step forward for strengthening of integration associations for Sub-Saharan Africa, as well as for the achievement of African Union’s purpose to provide the African Continental Free Trade Area.
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Odedina, Folakemi T., Delva Shamley, Ifeoma Okoye, Adaora Ezeani, Ntokozo Ndlovu, Yvonne Dei-Adomakoh, Kimberly Meza, Ruth Agaba, Parisa Fathi, and Nissa Askins. "Landscape of Oncology Clinical Trials in Africa." JCO Global Oncology, no. 6 (September 2020): 932–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.19.00189.
Abstract:
PURPOSE The burden of cancer in Africa is of significant concern for several reasons, including that incidence of cancer in Africa continues to rise while Africa is also dealing with communicable diseases. To combat cancer in Africa, oncology clinical trials are needed to develop innovative interventions for cancer prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of clinical trials in Africa and it is difficult for African clinicians to get information on open oncology clinical trials and impossible for African patients with cancer to access this information. The primary objective of this study was to identify open oncology clinical trials in Africa. METHODS This project was part of a large-scale study to develop an African Virtual Platform for Oncology Clinical Trials Registry. The study was a quantitative, web-based, retrospective review of clinical trials registries. RESULTS A total of 109 open oncology clinical trials were identified. Most of the trials were in Egypt, South Africa, Algeria, and Kenya. The top cancer types for oncology clinical trials in Africa were breast, cervical, and lung cancers. The top sponsor of oncology clinical trials in Africa was academic institutions, especially institutions in the United States. CONCLUSION The paucity of clinical trials in Africa will continue to magnify the global disparities of cancer in the African population. Clinical trials are needed to ensure therapeutic interventions are safe and effective in the African population. In the era of personalized and precision health, it no longer suffices to assume that drugs developed in North America, Europe, or Asia will be effective in the African population.
46
Anthony, Constance G., and Sahr John Kpundeh. "Democratization in Africa: African Views, African Voices." African Studies Review 39, no. 2 (September 1996): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525466.
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Monye, Ogochukwu, and Ebelechukwu Monye. "Regional integration in Africa: Proposals for an Africa-wide payment system." Law, Democracy and Development 26 (July 4, 2022): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2077-4907/2021/ldd.v26.8.
Abstract:
Regional integration remains a priority in Africa. Fuelled by the call of Pan-African leaders including Kwame Nkrumah and the recognition of the potential within the continent to transform intra-African trade and achieve global competitiveness, the Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) was conceived. The African Union, in collaboration with the Africa Export-Import Bank (AFREXIM), has accordingly proposed the Pan-African Payment Settlement System (PAPSS). This system is expected to facilitate crossborder financial flows in local currencies and in real-time across the region, address the multiplicity and inconvertibility of currencies, reduce transaction costs, and decrease the use of correspondent banks. The authors analyse the necessity of getting this system right, alluding to the theory of developmental regionalism. The article concludes with recommendations that could make this unified payment system formidable enough to enable direct and seamless transactions between Amari in Addis and Wale in Lagos.
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Lachat, Carl, Dominique Roberfroid, Lien Van den Broeck, Natalie Van den Briel, Eunice Nago, Annamarie Kruger, Michelle Holdsworth, Christopher Garimoi Orach, and Patrick Kolsteren. "A decade of nutrition research in Africa: assessment of the evidence base and academic collaboration." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 10 (October 7, 2014): 1890–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014002146.
Abstract:
AbstractObjectiveMalnutrition in Africa has not improved compared with other regions in the world. Investment in the build-up of a strong African research workforce is essential to provide contextual solutions to the nutritional problems of Africa. To orientate this process, we reviewed nutrition research carried out in Africa and published during the last decade.DesignWe assessed nutrition research from Africa published between 2000 and 2010 from MEDLINE and EMBASE and analysed the study design and type of intervention for studies indexed with major MeSH terms for vitamin A deficiency, protein–energy malnutrition, obesity, breast-feeding, nutritional status and food security. Affiliations of first authors were visualised as a network and power of affiliations was assessed using centrality metrics.SettingAfrica.SubjectsAfricans, all age groups.ResultsMost research on the topics was conducted in Southern (36 %) and Western Africa (34 %). The intervention studies (9 %; n 95) mainly tested technological and curative approaches to the nutritional problems. Only for papers on protein–energy malnutrition and obesity did lead authorship from Africa exceed that from non-African affiliations. The 10 % most powerfully connected affiliations were situated mainly outside Africa for publications on vitamin A deficiency, breast-feeding, nutritional status and food security.ConclusionsThe development of the evidence base for nutrition research in Africa is focused on treatment and the potential for cross-African networks to publish nutrition research from Africa remains grossly underutilised. Efforts to build capacity for effective nutrition action in Africa will require forging a true academic partnership between African and non-African research institutions.
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Du Plessis, Hester. "Oriental Africa." Tydskrif vir Letterkunde 45, no. 1 (February 16, 2018): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2309-9070/tvl.v.45i1.4465.
Abstract:
Arab culture and the religion of Islam permeated the traditions and customs of the African sub-Sahara for centuries. When the early colonizers from Europe arrived in Africa they encountered these influences and spontaneously perceived the African cultures to be ideologically hybridized and more compatible with Islam than with the ideologies of the west. This difference progressively endorsed a perception of Africa and the east being “exotic” and was as such depicted in early paintings and writings. This depiction contributed to a cultural misunderstanding of Africa and facilitated colonialism. This article briefly explores some of the facets of these early texts and paintings. In the first place the scripts by early Muslim scholars, who critically analyzed early western perceptions, were discussed against the textual interpretation of east-west perceptions such as the construction of “the other”. Secondly, the travel writers and painters between 1860 and 1930, who created a visual embodiment of the exotic, were discussed against the politics behind the French Realist movement that developed in France during that same period. This included the construction of a perception of exoticness as represented by literature descriptions and visual art depictions of the women of the Orient. These perceptions rendered Africa as oriental with African subjects depicted as “exotic others”.
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Smythe, Kathleen. "Africa In The World." Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 29, no. 1 (April 1, 2004): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.29.1.23-35.
Abstract:
African history is less consistently integrated into world history than other geographical regions. World history textbooks discuss African history more now than they did a decade ago, but Africa is usually only treated in any significant detail after 1000 CE (ancient Egypt being the exception).1 This is due in part, at least, to the fact that African historians have generally not situated their works and discoveries within a wider frame of world historical developments. Scholars of other regions, therefore, continue to assume that throughout its history Africa was isolated and perpetually lagging behind, thus mimicking historical precedents elsewhere.2 Achille Mbembe laments Africa's academic isolation, contending that: To a very large extent, the confinement of Africa to area studies and the inability of African criticism to think in terms of the "world" go together. These two factors are crucial in explaining why the study of Africa has had such a feeble impact on the life of the various disciplines in particular, and on social theory in general.3