Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Africa Orientale'
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Lando, Agnes Lucy. "Integration of African traditional media and modern methods of communication : a pre-requisite for inculturation of the christian message in the local Church of Eastern Africa /." Rome, 2008. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb413425166.
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Bisogno, Giulia <1992>. "China in Africa: Win-Win cooperation or a new colonialism? The Western criticism against China's role in sub-Saharan Africa." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14799.
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China’s growing involvement in sub-Saharan African countries, has been the topic of considerable scholarly, media, and even general public attention since 2000, when China established the first summit on China and Africa co-operation. The growing Chinese’s engagement in Africa Sub-Saharan raise concerns about the China’s presence in African countries. Indeed, Western opinion have exacerbated criticism against China, placing the whole world some questions that undermine Chinese reputation: The dissertation in question, will provide the analysis of China’s relation with Sub-Saharan countries through the debate arising between Western and Chinese opinion, focusing attention on a specific period which runs from 2009 to 2018. The first chapter will provide an historical background which purpose is to clarify how China and African countries have strengthened relationship since the beginning of their official engagement. The second chapter will handle with the analysis of China and Sub-Saharan relationship countries through the lecture of two international newspapers which can be considered as a window on the wider world: The Economist and The Guardian. The third chapter will deal with Chinese’ opinion about its own presence in Africa. How China defends its position and reputation against the harsh critics moved by Western concerns? Through the China Daily (Zhongguo Ribao 中国日报), I will provide an analysis of China and Africa contemporary relation from Chinese perspective, considering the debate between China Daily, The Economist and The Guardian
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Cirrincione, Elisa <1995>. "Huawei internationalization strategy in Africa: a case of Chinese "colonialism"?" Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17368.
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L’elaborato finale analizza la presenza cinese in Africa, in particolare nell’area Sub-Sahariana, dalla nascita della Repubblica Popolare Cinese nel 1949 fino ad oggi. Per prima cosa lo studio si concentra sulla successione cronologica dei presidenti cinesi e sulle riforme economiche che hanno dato inizio allo sviluppo del Paese, cominciando dal sistema autarchico di Mao Zedong di influenza sovietica, procedendo con le Riforme di Apertura e la creazione di Zone Economiche Speciali promosse da Deng Xiaoping, continuando con la politica di internazionalizzazione di Jiang Zemin e infine con La Nuova Via della Seta di Xi Jinping. Dopo questa analisi, viene esaminata l’iniziativa economica e politica cinese in Africa, caratterizzata da una prima fase di “Solidarietà del Terzo Mondo” successiva alla Seconda Guerra Mondiale e modificata in seguito in una strategia di internazionalizzazione strutturata e basata sugli investimenti diretti all’estero. Al fine di determinare i fattori chiave della decisione cinese di entrare nel mercato africano, è stata applicata l’analisi SWOT e la strategia di accesso al mercato è stata suddivisa in quattro principali obiettivi: l’approvvigionamento di risorse naturali, l’interventismo politico, il commercio bilaterale e lo scambio di capitale umano. L’industria delle telecomunicazioni è il settore leader delle esportazioni cinesi in Africa, in particolare la telefonia mobile, che ha investito molto in infrastrutture e reti di comunicazione nel continente. L’azienda di telefonia Huawei è stata scelta come caso di studio emblematico di questo fenomeno, date le sue operazioni sul mercato africano negli ultimi vent’anni; la strategia di Huawei in Africa è concentrata prevalentemente sulla creazione di centri di formazione del personale, ricerca e sviluppo, promozione del brand e targeting del potenziale consumatore africano.
I risultati di questo studio mostrano che l’iniziativa cinese in Africa può essere considerata come una nuova forma di colonialismo economico, guidato dal principio del “soft power” cinese, che può indurre lo sviluppo economico dell’Africa ma dare anche una spinta egemonica alla Cina.
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Pinna, Gabriella <1993>. "Il metallo giallo fra Cina e Africa. Analisi dei rapporti sino-africani e tecniche metallurgiche di estrazione dell'oro nativo con repertorio terminografico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11625.
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Da un lato la Cina, dall'altro l'Africa. Fra di esse, l'oro: metallo prezioso e risorsa naturale di primaria importanza. Sono questi i tre punti cardine attorno ai quali ruota e si plasma questo lavoro. La presente tesi si articola in due parti. La prima parte, che consta di quattro capitoli, propone un'analisi storico-politica ed economica dei rapporti che legano Cina ed Africa, incentrandosi sullo sfruttamento da parte di Pechino delle risorse naturali ed energetiche africane e, in particolare, sulla sete cinese d'oro africano. Sempre all'interno di questa prima sezione, il quarto capitolo, di carattere prettamente tecnico e specialistico, prende in rassegna il protagonista di questo lavoro: l'oro, presentandone caratteristiche intrinseche e processi e tecniche d'estrazione.
La seconda parte di tale tesi è composta da un corpus di schede terminografiche e due glossari. Il repertorio terminografico prende in esame più di cento termini tecnici estrapolati dal dominio circoscritto delle tecniche metallurgiche di estrazione dell'oro nativo, proponendone un'analisi comparativa in lingua cinese ed italiana.
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Souron, Antoine. "Histoire évolutive du genre Kolpochoerus (Cetartiodactyla : Suidae) au Plio-Pléistocèneen Afrique orientale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2306/document.
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La sous-famille des Suinae est largement répandue en Afrique au Plio-Pléistocène et a été abondamment utilisée pour corréler biochronologiquement les sites à hominidés en se basant sur l'évolution morphologique rapide des troisièmes molaires dans différentes lignées. À partir d'un échantillon important de suinés africains actuels, les schémas de variation morphologique crânio-mandibulaire et dentaire sont quantifiés par morphométrie géométrique. Ce référentiel actuel sert à estimer la variabilité morphologique dans le registre fossile. La révision de la paléobiodiversité du genre Kolpochoerus (le suiné plio-pléistocène le plus abondant) dans les bassins du Turkana et de l'Awash s'appuie sur l'étude anatomique et morphométrique de matériels publié et inédit découverts dans la basse vallée de l'Omo (formation de Shungura) et dans la vallée moyenne de l'Awash en Éthiopie. Une nouvelle espèce fossile est décrite, les trajectoires évolutives au sein de chaque espèce sont quantifiées, et les interprétations biostratigraphiques sont révisées. Les liens de parenté au sein du genre Kolpochoerus sont décrits grâce à l'analyse cladistique. L'étude de la paléoécologie des suinés africains est basée sur l'anatomie comparée et la biogéochimie des isotopes stables (carbone et oxygène). Les suinés fossiles présentent une gamme de taille importante, ainsi que des régimes alimentaires et des habitats variés. Les nouvelles connaissances acquises sur leur biodiversité, leur phylogénie, et leur écologie permettent de proposer une histoire paléobiogéographique des Suinae en AfriqueThe subfamily Suinae is widespread in Plio-Pleistocene deposits in Africa, and was heavily used as a biochronological tool to correlate hominid-bearing sites based on the rapid morphological evolution of third molars in different lineages. A large sample of extant African suines enables to quantify patterns of variation in cranio-mandibular and dental morphology using geometric morphometrics. This modern referential is used to estimate the morphological variability in the fossil record. Revision of the paleobiodiversity of the genus Kolpochoerus (the most abundant Plio-Pleistocene suine) in Turkana and Awash basins is based on anatomical and morphometric studies of published and unpublished material discovered in the Lower Omo Valley (Shungura Formation) and in the Middle Awash Valley in Ethiopia. A new fossil species is described, evolutionary trajectories within each species are quantified, and biostratigraphic interpretations are revised. Phylogenetic relationships within the genus Kolpochoerus are described by the cladistic analysis. Paleoecological study of African suines is based on comparative anatomy and stable isotopic biogeochemistry (carbon and oxygen). Fossil suines display a wide range of body size, as well as various diets and habitats. The new results produced regarding their biodiversity, phylogeny, and ecology, enable to reconstruct a paleobiogeographic history of Suinae in Africa
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Ba, Mamadou <1991>. "La Cina in Africa tra percezione e realtà: il caso del Mali." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14727.
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La crescente presenza della Repubblica Popolare Cinese (RPC) in Africa è un tema controverso. Negli ultimi anni vediamo spesso nei titoli dei giornali la domanda "Cina-Africa, sviluppo o sfruttamento?" oppure "la Cina compra l'Africa". La stesura di questo elaborato vuole contribuire a una migliore conoscenza e comprensione della presenza cinese in Africa in particolare delle dinamiche della cooperazione tra RPC e la Repubblica del Mali. Si è voluto studiare il caso del Mali per vedere se anche le relazioni tra questi due paesi rientrano nel caso delle inquietudini dei media occidentali. Il lavoro si divide in tre parti, la prima tratta della presenza cinese in Africa e delle interpretazione prevalenti; nella seconda si esamina la relazione Cina-Mali dal post indipendenza ad oggi e nell'ultima, attraverso delle interviste in loco, si cerca di dare voce al popolo maliano circa la presenza cinese nel loro paese.
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MANCOSU, GIANMARCO. "La Luce per l’impero. I cinegiornali sull’Africa Orientale Italiana 1935-1942." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266835.
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In my PhD dissertation I try to answer to the question on how the Fascist regime in Italy
represented its empire through the “Istituto Luce” newsreels, between the 1935 and 1942. Given the
lack of a comprehensive work on the above mentioned subject, I’ve investigated on how
cinematographic representations could shape or redefine the process of identity building during the
“Ventennio”.
In order to achieve a broad theoretical frame, in the first chapter I’ve analysed the roots of
the Italian fascist’s culture. The discourse as conceived by Michel Foucault is a key concept to
investigate about the relationship between power, knowledge and culture. I’ve used two theoretical
evolutions of the Foucault’s discourse, namely the visual discourse and the Orientalist theory. In so
doing I’ll be able to apply the concept in order to study the visual products about colonialism. Then
I’ve investigated about the history of Italian colonialism, focusing on both the invasion of Ethiopia
in 1935 and the reasons of the delay that characterized the early studies on the topic.
In the chapter two I’ve specified a methodological frame to understand the relationship
between Fascism and Italian masses through the newest mass media such as cinema and radio
broadcast; as a result I underline several concept of modernity which found place within the cultural
space of Fascism. The reconstruction of the “manufacture of consent” allows me a first examination
about the role of the “Istituto Luce” within the Fascist regime.
New archival records give me the possibility to a meticulous reconstruction of the activity of
the Istituto Luce during the Ethiopia’s war. Chapter three is about the “Reparto fotocinematografico
Africa Orientale dell’Istituto Luce” (RAO), which factually made imperial newsreels. Related to the
activity of the RAO, other two original aspects have been analysed: the activity of the “Ufficio
Stampa e Propaganda Africa Orientale” which had to coordinate the whole info-propagandistic
activity between Africa and Italy; then I’ve focused my attention on the diffusion of the cinema in
the “Africa Orientale Italiana” as a tool to reinforce racial borders between black and white people.
In the last chapter I’ve analysed 200 newsreels in order to investigate about the gap between
reality and cinematographic representations. Visual analysis is placed in the historical and
theoretical frame above mentioned: in this way I’m able to reconstruct the discourse on identity and
otherness that shaped these cinematographic representations.
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Fontana, Laura <1988>. "L' "offensiva dello charme" cinese in Africa: il soft power di Pechino come strategia culturale - il nuovo ruolo dei media cinesi nel panorama mediatico africano." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3543.
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La presenza cinese in Africa non è un fenomeno nuovo: fin dalla sua formazione la RPC cominciò a provare interesse verso i paesi del Terzo Mondo. Ma fu soltanto a partire dalla prima conferenza del FOCAC, tenutasi a Pechino nel 2000, che i rapporti sino-africani si intensificarono e presero la forma del cosiddetto “soft power”. Il successo di questa nuova strategia cinese nel continente africano è dovuto alla cooperazione “win-win”, alla diplomazia pubblica cinese, alla sua politica di non-interferenza e al suo concetto di “ascesa pacifica”. Gli ambiti di attuazione sono molti e consistono negli aiuti allo sviluppo economico africano, negli ingenti investimenti in grandi opere infrastrutturali e nella cancellazione dei debiti. Ma gli interventi in campo sociale e culturale sono i più interessanti: la Cina iniziò a promuovere gli scambi culturali, iniziò ad offrire borse di studio per gli studenti africani che volevano andare in Cina a studiare e, infine, iniziò ad aprire su tutto il territorio africano gli Istituti Confucio, per lo studio e la diffusione della lingua e della cultura cinesi. Per poter influenzare profondamente anche il popolo africano, i cinesi utilizzano i propri potenti mezzi di informazione statali (la CRI, la CCTV e l’agenzia di stampa Xinhua). Questi media, recentemente, sono entrati nel panorama mediatico africano, fornendo assistenza e promuovendo nuovi programmi di comune interesse. Ma come percepiscono gli africani la presenza cinese nel loro territorio? La visione generale è positiva, anche se le opinioni si diversificano in base alla regione africana analizzata e ai diversi gruppi sociali di cui è composta. Gli scopi finali del soft power cinese in Africa sono: innanzitutto, avere accesso alle grandi riserve di materie prime di cui l’Africa è ricca; in secondo luogo, diminuire l’influenza occidentale in questi territori; infine, isolare Taiwan. L’opinione pubblica e i media sono degli strumenti chiave per raggiungere questi obiettivi.
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Monte, Elisa <1994>. "Gli investimenti cinesi in Africa, con particolare riferimento al campo petrolifero e al relativo repertorio terminografico." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13902.
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Cina e Africa, due paesi culturalmente e geograficamente distanti, ma la cui storia risente l'uno dell'altro. Per la Cina infatti, il continente nero è stato un banco di prova importante per realizzare la propria ascesa economica a livello globale, mentre l'Africa deve molte delle proprie infrastrutture al Paese di mezzo. I primi contatti sino-africani risalgono all'epoca della dinastia Tang e dopo pochi anni si interruppero fino al 1955, anno a partire dal quale i due paesi si riavvicinarono e crearono legami sempre più stretti e profondi, fino ad arrivare al giorno d'oggi, in cui qualche studioso definisce l'Africa una colonia della Cina, dalla quale quest'ultima attinge risorse naturali, in particolar modo petrolio e oro. Tramite questo lavoro di tesi, si analizza in primo luogo la storia delle relazioni tra i due paesi, e secondariamente ci si concentra sul mercato petrolifero cinese e sull'ingresso della Repubblica Popolare in Africa al fine di assicurarsi un continuo e abbondante rifornimento di oro nero, materia che attualmente permea le nostre vite ma che gradualmente si sta esaurendo. Il terzo capitolo, di carattere tecnico, verte sulle fasi di estrazione e raffinazione del greggio e propone una sintesi dei principali prodotti derivati dalla lavorazione di tale materia. All'interno del capitolo sono presenti dei termini specialistici evidenziati in grassetto e affiancati dalla traduzione in cinese, che saranno analizzati nelle schede terminografiche.
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Aithal, Anand T. "Coffee value chains and farming systems in East Africa : an analysis of efficiencies and incoming generation." Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20011.
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The Objective of this research is to find out how the smallholder coffee farmers in East Africa are affected by the global coffee value chain within which they function. The study was carried out on 4 sites in 3 countries. The research looks at the efficiency of the coffee value chains in terms of transfer of price and reward for good quality coffee, and investigates how the coffee value chain affects the choice and income levels of the coffee farmers. The three countries followed different local value chains and price transfer mechanisms. In Uganda, it was the liberalized open market system where the transfer of ownership of coffee happened at the farm-gate. In Kenya, the value chain was organized around an auction which rewarded good quality coffee while its ownership was still with the farmer. In Rwanda, there was government control on price and farmers were either able to sell their coffee directly at the farm gate or through cooperatives they were members of. Kenyan coffee auction system was best designed to reward quality, but the length of the value chain was so long and controlled that the farmers within this system made a loss from coffee. The system in which farmers made profits from coffee was found to be in the open market system in Uganda, where price was set based on negotiations at the farm gate. This was also because the cost of production was lower on this site as compared to the other sites. This led us to form a minimum price for coffee which would ensure that farmers would make at least some profits from growing coffee. Coffee though is not enough for farmers to survive. Farmers diversify their income portfolios by planting different crops. The efficiency of this strategy though is based on land sizes. It was found that farmers with larger land sizes have greater returns on investment than farmers with smaller land sizes. This means that the future of coffee and farming as a viable and profitable enterprise depends on the ability of farmers to aggregate land sizes, not further sub divide land as is the current trend. The research proposes a system of production that would use the existing coffee value chains in a way that would be beneficial for farmers. This is based on the fact that unit of global trade in coffee is actually a container of coffee, not a kilo. This means that if farmers are organized around producing a container of coffee, the production unit becomes a group of farmers of around 200 in number, based on the calculated yield per tree across the different sites. Given that currently farmers act as individual production units (like in Uganda and Rwanda) or in big groups of a few thousand farmers (like in Kenya); a bit of reorganization might be required to ensure that farmers continue to grow coffee and make profits from itL'objectif de la recherche est d'analyser comment les petits producteurs de café d'Afrique de l'Est sont influencés par l'ensemble de la filière. L'étude a été menée sur quatre sites dans trois pays. La recherche s'intéresse à l'efficacité de la filière en termes de coûts de transactions et de transmission des prix ainsi que de paiement de la qualité. Elle étudie comment la filière affecte les choix et les niveaux de revenu des fermiers. Les trois pays ont des structures de filières et des mécanismes de transfert des prix différents. En Ouganda, c'est un système de marché libéralisé ouvert où le transfert de propriété du café s'opère bord champ. Au Kenya, la chaîne de valeur est organisée autour d'un système d'enchères qui valorise le café de bonne qualité dont la propriété reste dans les mains du fermier. Au Rwanda, il y a un contrôle gouvernemental sur les prix et les producteurs ont la possibilité soir de vendre leur café directement à la ferme soit par l'intermédiaire de coopératives dont ils sont membres. Le système kenyan d'enchères est le mieux placé pour payer la qualité, mais la longueur de la filière est si longue et si contrôlée que les fermiers perdent de l'argent sur leur café. Le système le plus profitable est celui d'Ouganda, où les prix sont basés sur la négociation à la ferme ; aussi parce que le coût de production est plus bas que sur les autres sites. Le café ne suffit pas aux fermiers pour survivre. Les producteurs diversifient leurs revenus en plantant d'autres cultures. L'efficacité de cette stratégie est fonction de la taille du foncier. Les fermiers ayant de nombreuses terres ont un rapport sur investissement plus important que ceux qui ont peu de terres et des parcelles de petite taille. Cela signifie que l'avenir du café en tant qu'entreprise viable et profitable dépend de la capacité des fermiers à agréger des terres et non à les subdiviser comme dans la tendance actuelle. La recherche propose un système de production qui s'appuierait sur les filières existantes selon un mode qui serait bénéfique aux fermiers. Il est fondé sur le fait que l'unité de transaction du café soit un conteneur et non un kilo. Cela signifie que si les fermiers sont organisés pour produire un conteneur de café, l'unité de production devient, sur la base du rendement par arbre dans les différents sites, un groupe de fermiers d'environ 200 producteurs. Étant donné qu'actuellement les fermiers agissent en tant qu'unité individuelle de production (comme en Ouganda ou au Rwanda) ou en grands groupes de quelques milliers de fermiers (comme au Kenya), une certaine réorganisation est requise pour assurer la pérennité de la production et des profits réalisés
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Dieng, Abou Moussa. "Les performances scolaires en Afrique australe et orientale : disparités régionales et facteurs déterminants." Thesis, Toulon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUL2002/document.
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L’objectif de ce travail est d’analyser les déterminants des inégalités de performances scolaires de 56 392 élèves en fin de cycle primaire dans 2 603 établissements scolaires situés dans 647 districts des 12 pays d’Afrique australe et orientale (Afrique du Sud, Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibie, Ouganda, Swaziland, Tanzanie, Zambie et Zimbabwe) à partir de la troi-sième enquête de 2007 du Consortium de suivi de la qualité de l’éducation en Afrique orientale et australe (SACMEQ III). Le travail s’articule autour de trois chapitres. Il s’agit d’étudier, dans le premier chapitre, l’influence des caractéristiques individuelles de l’élève et de l’école sur les per-formances scolaires, ainsi que le rôle important des caractéristiques régionales. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous cherchons à analyser comment l’inspection des établissements scolaires et leur ac-cessibilité par rapport au domicile des élèves agissent sur l’eÿcience scolaire. Le dernier chapitre propose d’étudier les facteurs socio-économiques et les conditions de scolarité déterminant les per-formances et les inégalités scolaires entre les filles et les garçons, compte tenu de leurs origines socio-économiques. Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé di˙érentes approches économétriques, à savoir une modélisation multiniveau dans le premier chapitre, un modèle de frontière non paramétrique dans le chapitre deux et un modèle d’économétrie spatiale dans le chapitre trois. Les résultats montrent que les acquis des élèves, l’eÿcience des établissements et les inégalités scolaires entre les filles et les garçons sont très hétérogènes en Afrique australe et orientale. Les résultats révèlent que les élèves qui enregistrent des scores relativement élevés sont situés dans les régions urbaines riches et ayant accès aux moyens de transport. De profondes inégalités scolaires existent du fait de la carence de transports, d’infrastructures routières, éducatives et de santé particulièrement pour les districts situés en milieu rural et dans les quartiers pauvres des grandes villes. Il est également montré que les variables touchant les missions d’inspection des écoles, l’utilisation de la langue d’instruction à la maison et la sécurité dans le milieu scolaire jouent un rôle important dans la réussite des élèves. Les résultats obtenus permettent une meilleure compréhension du système sco-laire dans ces paysThe objective of this work is to analyze the determinants of inequalities in the school performance of 56 392 pupils at the end of primary school in 2 603 schools located in 647 districts in 12 countries of Eastern and Southern Africa (Botswana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swa-ziland, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe) based on the third 2007 Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ III) survey. The work is struc-tured around three chapters. The first chapter studies the influence of individual characteristics of the student and the school on school performance, as well as the important role of regional characteristics. In the second chapter, we seek to analyze how the inspection of schools and their accessibility by students a˙ect the eÿciency of schools. The last chapter proposes to study the socio-economic factors and schooling conditions a˙ecting performance and inequalities in access between girls and boys, taking into account their socio-economic backgrounds. To do this, we used di˙erent econometric approaches, namely a multilevel model in the first chapter, a non-parametric frontier model in chapter two, and a spatial econometric model in chapter three. The results show that the achievements of pupils, the eÿciency of institutions and inequality in access to school between girls and boys are highly heterogeneous in Southern and Eastern Africa. The results also indicate that the students who registered relatively high scores are located in rich urban areas with access to the means of transportation. Moroever, deep inequalities in schooling exist due to deficiency of transportation, road infrastructure, educational and health conditions particularly in districts located in rural areas and in poor neighborhoods in large cities. We also show that the variables a˙ecting school inspection missions, the use of the teaching langage at home and security of the school environment play an important role in student success
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Ally, Hadija Mussa. "Genetic diversity and structure of the superabundant whitefly populations, vectors of viruses causing diseases of cassava in three East African countries (Malawi, Tanzania, and Uganda)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0012.
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Des pullulations d’aleurodes du complexe d'espèces cryptiques de Bemisia tabaci ont été associées à la propagation de deux maladies frappant le manioc en Afrique orientale: la maladie de la mosaïque du manioc (CMD) et, plus récemment (2000), la maladie de la striure brune du manioc (CBSD). Parmi les espèces d’aleurodes de ce complexe, l’espèce SSA2 a été associée à la première épidémie de CMD au cours des années 1990 en Ouganda. Cependant, SSA2 aurait été remplacée par SSA1 dans les années 2000, provoquant une recrudescence de CMD et de CBSD, participant à leur propagation dans plusieurs pays voisins. L’hypothèse défendue à ce jour expliquant la propagation de ces maladies vers le sud et l'ouest de l'Afrique incrimine cette nouvelle espèce considérée comme émergente dans certains de ces pays. Dans ma thèse, j’ai utilisé des données écologiques et des approches moléculaires afin de mieux comprendre les facteurs à l'origine des pullulations de vecteurs en Afrique de l'Est. Nous avons ainsi analysé : i) l’abondance, la diversité et la répartition des espèces sur un transect comprenant : Ouganda, Tanzanie et Malawi, ii) la diversité génétique et la structure des populations actuelles des espèces de B. tabaci, iii) des échantillons des années 90 comparés aux populations actuelles (2017). Cette étude nous a permis d’avoir une image d’une situation plus complexe qu’attendue, en effet, l’espèce SSA1 a été détectée comme à l’origine dans certaines des pullulations observées mais également d’autres espèces, notamment IO et SSA1-SG3 ont aussi montrées cette capacité. Les pullulations observées ne sont donc pas uniquement liées à une seule espèce en Afrique de l’Est. En outre, nous avons pu montrer que la communauté d'espèces et sa diversité génétique diffère d'un pays à l'autre, impliquant des situations épidémiologiques différentes, sans aucun schéma d'invasion détecté entre pays. En outre, l’analyse des anciens échantillons n’a pas montré l’implication d’une nouvelle espèce ou population en 20 ans, toutefois, nous avons observé un changement de dynamique au sein des groupes génétiques représentés au cours du tempsHigh population of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, a cryptic species complex had been associated with the vectoring and spread of viruses causing two diseases of cassava in East Africa: the cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD). Among the B. tabaci species, sub-Saharan Africa 2 (SSA2) was the vector associated with an epidemic of CMD since the 1990s in Uganda. However, this species is now replaced by the SSA1 and led to development of another epidemic by CBSD since the mid 2000s. The spread of both diseases toward South and West Africa is feared with this new supposed invader. In my thesis I have used ecological data and molecular approaches (mitochondrial and nuclear markers) to better understand the factors driving the presence of the superabundant whitefly populations on cassava in East Africa. We have analyzed: i) species abundance, diversity and distribution (geographic and host plants) along a transect survey over three East African countries: Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi, ii) the genetic diversity and structure of current populations of B. tabaci species, and iii) comparing genetic changes between the old and new populations collected in 1997 and 2017, respectively.This study involving large number of samples provided insights of a more complex picture than expected. SSA1 was found to be the source of the some observed outbreaks although other species, notably IO and sub-group 3 of SSA1 (SSA1-SG3) have also shown this capability. The observed outbreaks are therefore not just related to a single species in East Africa. In addition, we showed that the species community and its genetic diversity differ from one country to another, involving different epidemiological situations, without any clear pattern of invasion detected between the countries. Analysis of old samples did not show the involvement of a new species or the emergence of a new population in 20 years, although the dynamics within the whitefly genetic groups was observed over time. Our results contributed new knowledge on the super abundant populations on cassava in Eastern Africa and help develop targeted control measures for the local populations
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Gitau, Wilson. "Diagnosis and predictability of intraseasonal characteristics of wet and dry spells over equatorial east Africa." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794889.
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Most of Eastern Africa has arid and semi-arid climate with high space-time variability in rainfall. The droughts are very common in this region, and often persist for several years, preceded or followed by extreme floods. Most of the livelihoods and socio-economic activities however remain rain-dependent leading to severe negative impacts during the periods of occurrence of climate extremes. It has been noted that one extreme event was capable of reversing national economic growth made over a period of several years. Thus no sustainable development can be attained in eastern Africa without effective mainstreaming of climate information in the development policies, plans and programmes. Many past studies in the region have focused on rainfall variability at seasonal, annual and decadal scales. Very little work has been done at intraseasonal timescale that is paramount to most agricultural applications. This study aims at filling this research gap, by investigating the structure of rainfall season in terms of the distribution of wet and dry spells and how this distribution varies in space and time at interannual time scale over Equatorial Eastern Africa. Prediction models for use in the early warning systems aimed at climate risk reduction were finally developed. The specific objectives of the study include, delineate and diagnose the some aspects of the distribution of the wet and dry spells at interannual timescale; investigate the linkages between the aspects of the distribution of wet and dry spells identified and dominant large scale climate fields that drive the global climate; and assess the predictability of the various aspects of wet and dry spells for the improvement of the use in the early warning systems of the region.Several datasets spanning a period of 40 years (1961 - 2000) were used. The data included gauged daily rainfall amount for the three Eastern Africa countries namely Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania; Hadley Centre Sea Surface Temperature (SST); re-analysis data and radiosonde observations from Nairobi (Kenya) and Bangui (Central Africa Republic) upper air stations. The indices of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole and SST gradients which constituted the predefined predictors were also used [...]
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Levine, Rachel. "The Politics of Language and the Language of Politics : the Use of German and Kiswahili in German East Africa, 1885-1918." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA176.
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En Afrique orientale allemande, le kiswahili servait à la fois de langue d’instruction dans les écoles gérées par le gouvernement, et de langue de travail dans l’administration coloniale. Cette thèse examine diverses sources primaires et secondaires pour déterminer comment cette pratique administrative fut instituée et dans quel contexte. Il s’intéresse également aux enjeux et postures relatifs à son implémentation, de même qu’à ses conséquences à court, moyen et long terme pour la colonie allemande et pour l’identité et la conscience propre de ce peuple colonisé qui subirait la domination britannique avant d’accéder à l’indépendance en tant que Tanganyika, puis TanzanieIn German East Africa, Kiswahili was used as the language of instruction in government-run schools and as the language of administration. This article examines various archival, primary, and secondary sources to determine how this administrative practice came to pass; the background against which such a decision was taken or practice was institutionalized; the issues, attitudes, and problems that surrounded that practice; and what consequences it had in the short, medium, and long term for both the German colony and the consciousness and identity of the colonized people who would go on to experience British rule and then independence as the countries of Tanganyika and Tanzania
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Toubal-Boumaza, Oumessad. "Phytoécologie, biogéographie et dynamique des principaux groupements végétaux du massif de l'Edough (Algérie nord-orientale) : cartographie à 1/25 000." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10042.
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Silva, Luciane da 1977. "Trilhas e tramas : percursos insuspeitos dos tecidos industrializados do continente africano : a experiencia da Africa Oriental." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279145.
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Orientador: Omar Ribeiro ThomazDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Partindo da premissa de que o uso dos tecidos constitui-se em forma complexa de comunicação sócio cultural, esta dissertação intenta, por meio da cultura material, refletida no tema tecidos industrializados, levantar evidências teóricas que nos levem a perceber de que maneira os panos podem revelar processos que implicam na construção de identidades das populações africanas. O entendimento dos simbolismos das formas materiais é fundamental para a interpretação das culturas. A percepção do efeito do mundo material nas interações sociais nos leva a captar evidências e entrelinhas de relações e criações, trazendo à tona formas de pertencimento desencadeadas pelos usos específicos dos objetos. Na intersecção da África com contextos transnacionais os tecidos atuam como articuladores das percepções de gênero, geração, etnicidade, filiação política e nacional. A realidade do uso dos têxteis em África é algo peculiar. No vestuário especificamente, o pano que cobre o corpo é também palavra, portador de mensagens sociais. Ao contextualizarmos os tecidos às organizações sociais específicas e compreendê-los dentro de processos de interação, percebemos formas inusitadas de diálogos e embates com as realidades sócio culturais , provando que a criatividade e a mudança são partes constitutivas da tradição e que a cultura material é capaz de proporcionar a criação e a re-criação de papéis sociais.
Abstract: Taking part from the premise that the use of textiles constitutes a complex means of sociocultural communication, this dissertation intends, by means of the cultural material reflected in the theme of industrialized textiles, to bring to light theoretical evidence that helps us understand the way in which these cloths can reveal the processes implicated in the construction of identity of African populations. Understanding of the symbolism of the material forms is fundamental for the interpretation of culture. The perception of the effect of the material world on social interactions pushes us to collect both evident and subtle aspects of relations and creations bringing up ways of belonging unlocked by the specific uses of the objects. In the intersection of Africa and transnational contexts, textiles act as articulators of perceptions of gender, generation, ethnicity and national and political affiliation. The reality of the use of textiles in Africa is something peculiar. Specifically in terms of attire, the cloth that covers the body is also word, carrier of social messages. In contextualizing textiles within specific social organizations and understanding them as part of processes of interaction, we perceive surprising forms of dialogue and clashes with sociocultural realities, demonstrating that creativity and change are constitutive parts of tradition, and that material culture is capable of affording the creation and recreation of social roles.
Mestrado
Mestre em Antropologia Social
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Andayi, Fred Nyamwata. "Re-emerging human viral pathogens of the Republic of Djibouti(Africa) : Reporting on Pandemic Influenza A/H1N1/2009 and arboviruses epidemiology." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5013.
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Objectif de la thèse est de fournir République de Djibouti inventaire de la pandémie de grippe A/H1N1/2009-H1N1p et arbovirus hiver 2010. Elle a confirmé la capacité de surveillance locale pour détecter la grippe SG pic lors de la première vague de la pandémie, dont le profil était compatible avec H1N1p. Dans l'enquête CoPanFlu, une prévalence élevée (30%) de H1N1p a été confirmée par la jeune et District 4 résidents (plus de inégalités sociales) portant le plus lourd fardeau. Par conséquent, le contrôle futur de SG exigerait une approche queue pour atteindre des individus spécifiques et vulnérables. L'absence de données de surveillance robustes dans les pays du Sud pourrait être responsable de la sous-estimation de la charge, même lorsque le profil de la maladie ressemblait à ceux des pays développés. Sur arbovirus, la plupart des facteurs prédictifs de cas étaient statistiquement mieux décrits par de l'espace de logement et les caractéristiques environnementales du quartier, qui en corrélation avec les acteurs écologiques de leurs vecteurs de la survie des individus dans la niche locale. Cela confirme circulations arbovirus autochtones dans la République de Djibouti et a fourni l'inventaire pour la cartographie des risques et les futurs programmes de prévention et de contrôle. Les arbovirus sont les plus répandus dans le centre-ville (quartier 1), mais des cas ont diminué vers la périphérie de la banlieue (District 4). L'inverse est vrai pour les cas de grippe, ce qui démontre que des solutions sur mesure convenant à un des besoins de santé de la région, se garantir un rendement optimal sur les ressources allouéesThesis purpose was to provide Republic of Djibouti inventory of pandemic Influenza A/H1N1/2009 (H1N1p) and arboviruses events in the winter of 2010. The demonstrated local surveillance was capable of detecting (influenza) ILI peaking during the first pandemic wave, whose profile was consistent with H1N1p. In a Copanflu investigation that occurred during second pandemic wave, a high prevalence (30%) of H1N1p was confirmed and conspicuously, the young and District 4 residents (highest social inequalities) bored the greatest burden. Therefore, concluded that future ILI control would require a tailed approach to reach specific and vulnerable individuals. Lack of robust ILI data from surveillance in southern countries could be responsible for the underestimation of burden, even when the illness profile resembled those of developed countries. On arboviral, most case predictors were statistically best described by individuals' housing space and neighbourhood environmental characteristics, which correlated with the ecological actors of their respective transmission vectors' survival in the local niche. This study confirmed autochthonous arboviral circulations in the republic of Djibouti and provided an epidemiological inventory for risk mapping and future prevention and control programs. The arboviruses were most prevalent in city centre (District 1), but cases declined towards the periphery of the suburb (District 4). The inverse was true for pandemic and ILI cases, demonstrating that a tailored solutions suiting local area health needs, would guarantee an optimal return on allocated resources
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Kanter, Marcelo de Mello. "Política externa e integração na África Oriental : um estudo sobre Uganda, Tanzânia e Quênia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/132967.
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Este trabalho procura responder por que as políticas externas de Uganda, Tanzânia e Quênia convergiram ao final da década de 1990 culminando na refundação da Comunidade da África Oriental (CAO). Leva-se em consideração o quadro de análise em dois níveis: a política interna e o sistema internacional. O trabalho guia-se por duas hipóteses. A primeira é que dificuldades econômicas domésticas, experimentadas na década de 1990 — marcada pela adoção do Consenso de Washington —, deram impulso a forças políticas que favoreciam parcerias regionais. Já a segunda é que a CAO seria um fator conducente à constituição de um paradigma relacional no leste africano, permitindo a resolução pacífica de controvérsias entre os Estados membros e a coordenação de ações militares em seu entorno. Para averiguar as hipóteses, analisam-se os processos políticos internos dos três países em busca das causas da aproximação, isto é, mudanças de governo, governante e de arcabouço institucional. Traça-se também a evolução da políticas externas de Quênia, Tanzânia e Uganda, relacionando-as com o panorama internacional da época e com as dinâmicas políticas domésticas. Ademais, exploram-se os limites da convergência política através do estudo de alguns casos específicos: projetos de integração infraestrutural na CAO, a guerra civil da Somália e as guerras na República Democrática do Congo. Verifica-se que na Tanzânia a transição presidencial foi determinante para a mudança na política externa. Em Uganda, a superação da instabilidade interna (insurgências) permitiu o maior engajamento regional. Em contraste, a política externa queniana mostrou-se mais reativa ao contexto externo: a perda de valor estratégico do país para os Estados Unidos com o fim da Guerra Fria obrigou-o a buscar aliados regionais para evitar isolamento. Já os estudos de caso mostram que a convergência política encontra muitos desafios, pois, embora haja uma relação especial entre Dodoma, Kampala e Nairóbi, eles disputam entre si para tornar-se polo regional de poder. Ainda assim, mesmo quando estão indiretamente em guerra um contra o outro, como na República Democrática do Congo, a integração consegue avançar paulatinamente.This work aims to answer why did the foreign policies of Uganda, Tanzania and Kenya converge by the end of the 1990s culminating in the re-foundation of the East African Community (EAC). It takes into consideration the two-level analytical framework: internal politics and the international system. Two hypothesis guide the investigation. The first is that domestic economic difficulties, experience in the 1990s — marked by the adoption of the Washington Consensus —, have given impulse to political forces favorable to regional partnerships. The second considers that the EAC is a factor conducive to the constitution of a relational paradigm in East Africa, allowing for the peaceful resolution of controversies among member-states and military action coordination in their surroundings. To test the hypotheses, the internal political processes of the three countries are analyzed in search for the causes of the convergence, that is, changes in government, ruler and institutional framework. The evolution of Kenya's, Tanzania's and Uganda's foreign policies is traced, relating them with the international scene of the period and with domestic political dynamics. Furthermore, the limits of the political convergence are explored through the study of some specific cases: infrastructure integration projects in EAC, Somalia's civil war and the wars in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The work finds that in Tanzania the presidential transition was determinative to the foreign policy shift. In Uganda, the overcoming of internal instability (insurgencies) allowed a greater regional engagement. Conversely, the Kenyan foreign policy has shown to be more reactive to the external context: the country's loss of strategic value to the United States with the end of the Cold War pushed it to seek regional allies to avoid isolation. The case studies have shown that the political convergence meets many challenges, because, although there is a special relationship between Dodoma, Kampala and Nairobi, they dispute to become a regional pole of power. Nevertheless, even when they are indirectly at war with one another, as in the Democratic Republic of Congo, the integration manages to advance step by step.
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Ntawanga, Felix. "Customer profiling using a service-orientated architecture." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1146.
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Customer profiling has recently gained much recognition in the e-commerce domain because of the benefits it is capable of bringing to online business. Customer profiling has been implemented in various systems development approaches such as in a client-server environment. Recently there has been an increase in the number of organisations adopting and implementing e-commerce systems using service-oriented architecture (SOA) principles. This research set out to determine how a customer profile can be implemented using open source SOA implementation tools, and how SOA-based customer profiles can be utilised to provide appropriate personalisation in an SOA environment. The research further endeavoured to complete a comparative study on customer profile implementation in two different architectures, namely SOA and client-server. An extensive literature review was conducted on SOA, customer profiling and e-commerce systems development. SOA enabling technologies, such as, web services, enterprise service bus (ESB) and open source Sun Java SOA implementation tools, for example, Open ESB, GlassFish application server and Netbeans IDE were analysed. A Java web services-based customer profiling system was prototyped following SOA design principles. An end-user evaluation survey was conducted using eye tracking with a sample of 30 participants. The evaluation was done on two e-commerce systems with the same interface but running on two different customer profile back-ends, SOA and client-server. The results show that participants did not experience significant difference between the two systems, however, eye tracking results showed a significant difference between the two systems. The research concluded that customer profiling using SOA offers more benefits than implementations using other architectures such as client-server. SOA component-based development proved to be easier to manage, develop, integrate and improves interoperability between different technologies. The research brought together necessary techniques and technologies that organisations can use to implement SOA. Using SOA, organisations can integrate and utilise different technologies seamlessly to achieve business goals.
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Hiba, Mohamed Ibrahim. "Guerres et développement économique dans les pays du Centre Est africain." Grenoble 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE21031.
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Cristino, Cândida Amorim. "O papel das infraestruturas na integração regional e o caso da comunidade da África Oriental." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17375.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalA integração económica regional tem crescido desde o começo deste século, muito devido às suas vantagens económicas, sociais e políticas. Este processo tem várias condições, como por exemplo a presença de uma rede de infraestruturas suficientes. A importância desta condição é comprovada através de análise de outras comunidades regionais, onde investimentos foram feitos de forma a melhorar a conetividade entre estados-membros. Em regiões em desenvolvimento existe uma lacuna de infraestruturas, sendo mais aparente em África, o que dificulta o desenvolvimento da integração económica do continente. Esta pesquisa descreve a importância da existência de infraestruturas no processo de integração económica no contexto africano, sendo o estudo de caso a Comunidade da África Oriental. Esta comunidade tem vindo a ganhar preponderância no continente em termos de integração regional e a investir generosamente no desenvolvimento de infraestruturas.
Regional economic integration has been increasing since the beginning of this century, largely because of its economic, social and political advantages. This process has several conditions, for example the presence of a network of enough infrastructures. The importance of this condition is evidenced through analysis of other regional communities, where investments have been made in order to improve connectivity between member states. In developing regions there is a lack of infrastructure, which is more apparent in Africa, that hampers the development of the continent's economic integration. This research describes the importance of infrastructure in the process of economic integration in the African context, the case study being the East African Community. This community has been gaining prominence in the continent in terms of regional integration and investing generously in the development of infrastructures.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Nivet, Fantine. "Fonctionnement hydro-climatique de trois rivières est-africaines et impacts sur les transferts de carbone le long du continuum terre-mer." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS283.
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La compréhension et la simulation des impacts du changement climatique et socio-économiques sur les ressources de la zone intertropicale sont des enjeux scientifiques majeurs. Le fonctionnement hydrologique et les transferts de carbone le long des rivières tropicales, et les impacts de la circulation atmosphérique tropicale sur ces processus, sont encore peu compris mais déterminants vis-à-vis de la gestion des ressources. Pour répondre à ces objectifs, des échantillons d’eau, de sols, de sédiments et de matières en suspensions ont été prélevés et analysés dans trois bassins versants d’Afrique de l’Est, situés le long d’un transect latitudinal recoupant la trajectoire de la Zone de Convergence Intertropicale, en Mars et en Octobre-Novembre 2016. En période de hautes-eaux, les trois rivières sont principalement alimentées par le ruissellement de surface et leur signature isotopique permet de remonter à l’origine des vapeurs précipitantes. En période de basses-eaux, les trois rivières ont leur propre fonctionnement hydrologique lié aux caractéristiques internes du bassin. Le carbone fourni par les apports latéraux (altération des roches et érosion des sols) dépend du contexte géologique, géomorphologique et hydro-climatique et de l’utilisation des terres. La production primaire in situ croît d’amont en aval et produit une grand part du carbone organique particulaire. Les impacts climatiques et anthropiques sur les flux de carbone sont déjà observés sur les bassins et risquent dans le futur de renforcer la dégradation du sol et des stocks de carbone et d’augmenter la production de carbone organique dans les rivières via l’activité biologiqueUnderstanding the biogeochemical response of tropical rivers to climate and socio-economic changes is a key scientific challenge. In such context, however, the hydrological functioning and transfer of carbon along tropical rivers – and the potential control of the tropical atmospheric circulation features – remain poorly documented and understood. To address this challenge, water, soil, sediment and suspended matter samples were collected in March and in October-November 2016 over three rivers basins from East Africa, located along a latitudinal transect across the Intertropical Convergence Zone and analysed for their chemical, isotopic and carbon compositions. Depending on internal characteristics of each basin, the three rivers have their own hydrological functioning identified during the low-water period. During the high-water period, all the rivers are mainly supplied by runoff and their isotopic signatures allow to reconstruct the origin of rains. The carbon originated from lateral inputs (rock weathering and soil erosion) depend on the geological geomorphological characteristics, on the hydro-climatological context, and on surrounding land use activities. In addition, the in situ primary production increases from upstream to downstream and provides an important part of the particulate organic carbon to the river. The carbon fluxes of the three basins are already impacted by climate and socio-economic patterns, and such impacts will most likely increase in the future. This will result on an increase of soil degradation and a decrease of carbon storage over the basins and an increase the production of organic carbon in streams by biological activities
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Moumni, Ridha. "Recherches sur les temples à cour d’Afrique Proconsulaire : la question des influences puniques et orientales." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040044.
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Le pari de cette thèse fut double : mettre en avant la singularité de l’architecture des temples à cour, tout en plaçant la question des identités puniques et romaines au cœur de notre réflexion. Le récent renouveau de l’archéologie punique, phénicienne et proche orientale nous a permis d’appréhender l’étude du culte pratiqué dans ces sanctuaires, en tenant compte de ses dimensions culturelles, historiques et sociologiques.Un réexamen architectural de l’ensemble des édifices religieux, découverts pour la plupart lors de l’exploration archéologique de la Tunisie à la fin du XIXe siècle et au début XXe, met en exergue un ensemble de caractères communs, de dissemblances, mais aussi des éléments étrangers à la tradition architecturale romaine, qu’il est possible – ou non – de rattacher à l’héritage phénico-punique (I).Les temples étant l’expression architectonique des besoins cultuels, nous avons par la suite mené une étude des cultes pratiqués dans l’enceinte des sanctuaires à partir de l’analyse du mobilier archéologique, en vue d’identifier les divinités auxquelles ont été consacrés les temples à cour et tenter de restituer une archéologie du parcours (II). Comment appréhender la genèse architecturale du temple à cour en Afrique Proconsulaire et son évolution tant formelle que fonctionnelle durant la colonisation romaine ? L’analyse des différents processus de transformations de ces édifices religieux prévus pour accueillir un culte d’origine punique, permet de mieux comprendre son adaptation dans les cités romaines, où il occupa jusqu’à l’avènement du christianisme une place marginale, bien que centrale dans la conservation des anciennes traditions sémitiques (III)UThe challenge of this dissertation is twofold: (1) to highlight the uniqueness of the architecture of the courtyard temples; (2) to place the issue of Punic and Roman identities at the heart of our thinking. The recent revival of Punic, Phoenician and Near Eastern archaeology has enabled us to better understand religion practiced in these sanctuaries by taking into account cultural, historical and sociological factors.Reexamination of the architectural features of all religious buildings, discovered for the most part during the archaeological exploration of Tunisia carried out in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, highlights not only a set of common characteristics and differences, but also elements foreign to the Roman architectural tradition, that are possible - or not - to attach to the Phoenician-Punic heritage (I).Temples are the architectural expression of worship needs. Accordingly, a study of the religion practiced within the precincts of shrines has been conducted, focusing on the analysis of archaeological artifacts, in an attempt to identify the deities to whom the courtyard temples were devoted and to return to an archeology course of study (II). How are we to understand the genesis of temple courtyard architecture in Proconsular Africa and its development both formal and functional during Roman colonization? The analysis of the different processes of transformation affecting the religious buildings which were intended to house Punic cults allows a better understanding of the adaptation in the Roman cities, where, although Central to the conservation of ancient Semitic traditions, these buildings remained marginal until the advent of Christianity (III)
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Campbell, Joan. "Parent orientated sex education for pre-school children." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52393.
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Thesis (M Social Work)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to present guidelines for the composition of a parent orientated sex education programme for pre-school children. An exploratory study was undertaken to describe and investigate the nature and extent of parental sex education to pre-school children. The investigation was done by first exploring existing research literature and describing it. The empirical study was based upon both the literature study and mothers' opinions on sex education. Pre-school children are disproportionately !ll0re likely to be sexually abused with devastating consequences which result in behavioural and emotional problems throughout their lives. The ultimate responsibility of prevention of child sexual abuse should be with the parent. However, two problems persist. Firstly, parents are often the perpetrators and therefore it is not justified to leave the responsibility solely to the parents. Secondly, parents who want to teach their children prevention strategies often lack the skills and knowledge. Therefore, the concept of a prevention structure in which the child can live and find support should be put into practice by the school. Prevention strategies should include sex education, a neutral home environment and a safe environment for disclosure of sexual abuse. This prevention structure should include the teacher, the social worker and the parent. These three components should support each other to implement an atmosphere of prevention and healthy sexual development. Linking and inter-dependence are important because there is always a possibility that one of the participants may be corrupt. Social workers should provide an effective basis for a personal safety programme to parents which should be supported and facilitated by schools. Training parents to become sex educators encourages better parent-child communication, builds the family support network, and has an impact on the ability of the family to deal more positively with sexual concerns. This does not only result in the prevention of sexual abuse but also contributes to the healthy sexual functioning, development and understanding of the sexuality of pre-school children. Through parent orientated sex education, parents can also dispel sexual myths and misinformation that their preschool children gain from peers and other sources. Despite the increasing public awareness devoted to sexual abuse and the advantage of sex education, a formal prevention education structure has not yet been implemented for pre-school children in South Africa. The first objective of this study was to describe and investigate the extent of parental sex education presented to pre-school children. The second objective was to investigate the acceptability of a sex education programme for pre-school children. The third objective was to describe the physical and sexual boundaries existing in the home environments of parents of pre-school children and finally to determine the sexual behaviours of pre-school children, which parents regard as acceptable. The main conclusions, based on the findings of the study, indicated that parents were in favour of sex education for pre-school children and that they require more information which would empower them to sex educate their pre-school children at home. They were also in favour of a classroom-based sex education programme. In conclusion it is recommended that a sex education programme is to be implemented at pre-schools for parents of pre-school children, as well as a classroom based sex education and a personal safety programme for pre-school children.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die navorsing is om moontlike riglyne vir 'n ouer-georiënteerde seksopvoedingsprogram vir pre-primêre kinders saam te stel. 'n Verkennende studie is onderneem om die omvang en aard van ouer-georiënteerde seksopvoeding vir pre-primêre kinders te ondersoek. Verder is bestaande navorsingsliteratuur bestudeer en beskryf. Die empiriese ondersoek wat daarop volg, is gebaseer op sowel die literatuurstudie as moeders se menings oor seksvoorligting. Pre-primêre kinders het 'n groter kans om seksueel gemolesteer te word wat kan lei tot die ervaring van emosionele- en gedragsprobleme, met vernietigende gevolge vir die res van hul lewens. Die uiteindelike verantwoordelikheid om die kind teen molestering te beskerm, berus by die ouers. Dit skep egter twee probleme. Ten eerste is die ouer dikwels self die oortreder en daarom kan die verantwoordelikheid nie uitsluitlik by die ouer berus nie. Tweedens, is die ouers wat wel seksopvoeding aan hul kinders wil bied, dikwels weens 'n gebrek aan kennis en vaardighede, onbevoeg om dit te doen. Dit is daarom die skool se verantwoordelikheid om 'n voorkomende struktuur te skep waarin die kind kan leef en ondersteuning kan vind. 'n Voorkomende strategie moet seksvoorligting, 'n neutrale leefruimte sowel as 'n veilige omgewing vir die bekendmaking van seksuele molestering insluit. Hierdie voorkomende struktuur moet die onderwyser, die maatskaplike werker en die ouer betrek. Hierdie drie komponente moet mekaar ondersteun om "n atmosfeer van voorkoming en gesonde seksuele ontwikkeling te implimenteer. Aangesien die integriteit van die partye nie gewaarborg kan word nie, is noue skakeling en interafhanklikheid van die drie komponente belangrik. Maatskaplike werkers behoort "n effektiewe persoonlike veiligheidsprogram, wat deur die skool ondersteun en gefasiliteer word, aan die ouers te voorsien. Ouers as seksvoorligters bevorder die kommunikasie tussen ouer en kind, verstewig die ondersteuningsnetwerk van die gesin en ontwikkel die vermoë om seksuele aangeleenthede openlik te hanteer. Gevolglik word seksuele molestering voorkom en gesonde seksuele funksionering bevorder. Die ouer verkry ook insig in die seksuele ontwikkeling van die pre-primêre kind. Deur middel van ouer-georiënteerde seksvoorliging, kan ouers mites en verkeerde inligting, wat dikwels deur die portuurgroep oorgedra word, regstel. Ten spyte van die toenemende mediadekking en bewuswording van die voordeel van seksopvoeding, is daar nog geen formele opvoedkundige voorkomende veiligheidsprogram in Suid-Afrika geïmplementeer nie. Die eerste doelwit van die studie was om die omvang en aard van pre-primêre kinders se seksuele opvoeding te ondersoek. Die tweede doelwit was om ouers se aanvaarding van seksvoorligting van pre-primêre kinders te ondersoek; die derde doelwit was om die fisiese en seksuele grense in die huislike omgewing te ondersoek en laastens, om aanvaarbare seksuele gedrag van pre-primêre kinders te ondersoek. Daar word tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat ouers wel ten gunste is van ouergeoriënteerde seksvoorligting vir pre-primêre kinders en dat hulle die behoefte het aan leiding om dit te doen. Die ouers is ook ten gunste van die aanbieding van seksvoorligting in die klaskamer. Daar word aanbeveel dat 'n veiligheidsprogram, wat 'n ouer-georiënteerde seksvoorligtingsprogram vir ouers van pre-primêre kinders, sowel as seksvoorligting in die klas behels, in skole geïmplimenteer moet word.
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Rousselot, Philippe. "Les frontières septentrionale et orientale du centre africain français : destin d'une déclaration franco-anglaise, 1899-1935." Aix-Marseille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX10010.
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La frontière issue de la déclaration de 1899 est de nature impériale. Elle s'inscrit dans le partage de principe de l’Afrique, et entraine les contraintes de l'occupation effective. Elle met en jeu des résistances locales : Toubou, ouadienne, forienne; elle se heurte à la théocratie senoussiste et témoigne des rivalités de puissances : France, Turquie, Italie, Angleterre. Elle brise les expansions ottomanes puis italienne dans l'hinterland tripolitain qui tend à s'étendre jusqu'au lac Tchad, elle ruine les espoirs senoussistes dans le centre africain. Elle témoigne d'une vision géopolitique de l’Afrique propre au milieu colonial français, qui cherche cependant à allier des intérêts stratégiques avec le respect des contingences locales. Elle inaugure un espace colonial cohérent et ferme, et dissout les réseaux précoloniaux et leurs ouvertures sur l'extérieur.
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Coussement, Christophe. "Structures transverses et extension intracontinentale : le rôle des zones de failles d'Assoua et Tanganyika-Rukwa-Malawi dans la cinématique néogène du système de Rift Est-africain." Brest, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BRES2008.
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L'analyse structurale des zones de failles d'assoua et trm est basee sur une cartographie precise du champ de failles effectuee a partir d'images satellitaires landsat et spot, et localement de l'exploitation de modeles numeriques de terrain (mnt). Cinq mois de mission sur le terrain ont permis de controler la cinematique de ces structures ainsi que les directions locales de l'extension. La zone de failles d'assoua joue un role de deviateur et ne constitue donc pas un lien structural active au neogene entre les branches orientale et occidentale du rift. La zone de failles trm est consideree comme un rift oblique dextre evoluant sous une extension regionale orientee n90. L'influence de l'heritage des discontinuites imprimees dans le socle proterozoique est egalement discute en termes de discontinuites localisantes ou non localisantes. Ces differents aspects sont synthetises dans un modele cinematique d'evolution du systeme de rift est-africain sous une extension regionale de direction n90-100, excluant un role de proto-transformante intracontinentale pour les deux grandes zones transverses d'assoua et trm
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Ferrandes, Beatrice <1990>. "Gli effetti del cambiamento climatico sull'immigrazione: i profughi ambientali del Nord Africa e Medio Oriente." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/12047.
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Il XXI secolo vede l’Europa e tutta la comunità internazionale ad affrontare due importanti sfide: da una parte la lotta al cambiamento climatico, per il quale molte agende politiche si impegnano ad adottare misure per uno sviluppo sostenibile e diminuire l’impatto sull’ambiente; dall’altra il grande flusso delle migrazioni proveniente dai paesi dell’Africa e Asia a causa di guerre e carestie. Tuttavia, si tende ad ignorare il fatto che nei prossimi decenni il degrado ambientale costringerà sempre più popolazioni ad abbandonare le loro terre d’origine alla ricerca di luoghi più ospitali, generando il flusso migratorio dei profughi ambientali. L’area del Medio Oriente e Nord Africa è molto vulnerabile alle conseguenze del cambiamento climatico. In particolar modo soffre gli effetti del surriscaldamento globale, che provoca l’avanzamento del deserto, la scarsità d’acqua e l’innalzamento del livello del mare, tutti andamenti che tenderanno a intensificarsi entro la fine del secolo. Queste saranno le principali cause che spingeranno milioni di profughi ambientali provenienti dai paesi arabi ad attraversare il Mediterraneo e ciò avrà un ruolo rilevante nel determinare i futuri assetti geopolitici internazionali.
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Junior, Gilson Brandão de Oliveira. "Agostinho da Silva e o Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais (CEAO): a primeira experiência institucional dos estudos africanos no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-07052010-120740/.
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Os debates sobre a identidade brasileira, entre meados do século XIX e início do XX, encaravam o negro enquanto um problema para a afirmação deste país como nação. A interpretação da precedência européia, particularmente portuguesa, era vista como solução deste problema, ao caracterizar secundária a participação de negros e índios neste processo. Essa é a razão dos primeiro estudos africanos surgirem no Brasil para explicar a viabilidade da nação diante da sua presença. Pioneiro nesses estudos, Nina Rodrigues privilegiava um tipo específico de cultura africana, conhecida como nagô. A generalização nagô para o entendimento da totalidade do continente africano marcou as gerações de pesquisadores procedentes. Entre eles, Gilberto Freyre, ampliou a defesa da ancestralidade portuguesa com o conceito de lusotropicalismo. A influência desses estudiosos influenciou praticamente todos os pesquisadores interessados nos temas africanos e afro-brasileiros da primeira metade do século XX. Entretanto, tais estudos institucionalizar-se-iam por iniciativa de Agostinho da Silva; intelectual português atuante na Renascença Portuguesa e na Seara Nova, auto-exilou-se em 1944 no Brasil país que enxergava como continuidade de um Portugal idealizado e que teria a missão de criar uma nova civilização baseada em uma comunidade luso-brasileira onde fundou e atuou em diversas entidades científicas e culturais, entre elas o Centro de Estudos Afro-Orientais na Bahia (CEAO) em 1959. Ao analisar as ações do CEAO nos primeiros anos de sua existência (1959-1961), verificamos que as influências ideológicas precedentes dos estudos afro-brasileiros fundiram-se aos ideais de Agostinho da Silva, iniciando uma série de correspondências com instituições brasileiras e estrangeiras, que muito contribuíram para o alargamento das relações internacionais brasileiras e para a continuidade e ampliação das pesquisas africanas no Brasil.Discussions about brazilian identity, between the mid-nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, saw the Negro as a problem for the affirmation of this country as a nation. The interpretation of european precedence, particularly portuguese, was seen as a solution to this problem, to characterize secondary participation of blacks and indians in this process. This is why the first african studies in Brazil appear to explain the viability of the nation in his presence. A pioneer in these studies, Nina Rodrigues favored a \"type\" specific of African culture, known as nagô. The spread nagô to the understanding of the entire African continent marked the coming generations of researchers. Among them, Gilberto Freyre, expanded the defense of portuguese ancestry with the concept of lusotropicalism. The influence of these scholars has influenced virtually all researchers interested in African issues in the first half of the twentieth century. However, these studies institutionalize would be the initiative of Agostinho da Silva, portuguese intellectual active in the Portuguese Renaissance and Seara Nova, self-exiled in 1944 in Brazil a country he saw as a continuation of an idealized Portugal, would have to task of creating a new civilization based on a luso-brazilian community where he founded and served in various scientific and cultural entities, including the Center for Afro-Oriental Studies (CEAO) in Bahia, 1959. By analyzing the actions of CEAO during the first years of its existence (1959-1961), we find that the ideological influences of previous studies african-Brazilians were merged with the ideals of Agostinho da Silva, began a series of matches with Brazilian and foreign institutions, which greatly contributed to the expansion of Brazil\'s international relations and the continuity and expansion of African studies in Brazil.
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Mkhize, Peter L'Hlonono 1975. "Reconceptualising an e-Learning framework for South African public sector training / Peter L. Mkhize." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9788.
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The emerging knowledge economy necessitates rapid skills development, to ensure that organisations sustain a competitive edge. Rapid skills acquisition would enable organisations, whether public or private sector, to take advantage of new emerging opportunities and improve performance by ensuring that their employees are well equipped with relevant skills. The South African labour market has, however, been engulfed by both a skills shortage and a brain drain, which has worsened performance in the public sector – as is evident from the widespread public protests. In this study, the researcher conducted an explorative investigation to gain an in-depth understanding of factors that could influence e-Learning diffusion as an innovative way of facilitating rapid skills acquisition.
In order to conduct this investigation, the researcher employed qualitative techniques in the form of a case study, using grounded theory analysis techniques. Grounded theory analysis results enabled the researcher to formulate propositions. Furthermore, these propositions were used to formulate important factors and questionnaire items that were used to test proposed findings, using a survey research design.
Findings revealed that the public sector, as with society at large, is adopting sociallyorientated computing practices, to open up social platform integration into the employee learning experience. Findings reveal that social platform integration would be fruitful, if the entire instructional design was based on social constructivist, epistemological principles, with the appropriate social technology.Thesis(PhD (Computer Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Andriamandroso, Denis A. H. "An actor-orientated analysis of development failure : an application of interface analysis to development project evaluation in Madagascar." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338042.
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Duchamp-Pabiou, Florence. "João dos Santos, un dominicain portugais dans le Sud-Est africain (1586-1622) : une histoire de "l'Éthiopie orientale"." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010690.
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Considérée au XIXe siècle comme une œuvre de propagande impériale, l'Ethiopia Oriental est une source historique de première importance pour l'histoire ancienne du Mozambique. Écrite par le dominicain portugais João dos Santos au terme d'un premier voyage dans le Sud-Est africain, entre 1586 et 1597, elle est publiée à Évora en 1609. João dos Santos situe son action dans le vaste dessein missionnaire des prêcheurs, luimême inscrit dans la politique expansionniste de la couronne portugaise. Récit missionnaire, c'est une photographie du Sud-Est africain à la fin du XVIe siècle. Son expérience permet de réévaluer considérablement l'histoire ancienne du Mozambique. D'une part, il est l'un des premiers à mettre en évidence les rapports de pouvoirs complexes que les Portugais· entretiennent avec l'intérieur. D'autre part, il porte un éclairage nouveau sur la mission· catholique qui s'installe dans la région à partir des années 1560. Les chrétiens, considérés comme un moyen dans le contrôle du territoire, sont l'objet de toutes les attentions. Il dévoile enfin la coexistence de trois communautés qu'il cherche à distinguer fortement: les « Cafres », les « Maures» et les « Portugais
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Wessels, P. G. W. "Commercialisation of a strategic government-owned military institute : a market orientated approach to the development of a marketing strategy for OTB test range." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50297.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: OTB, a Division of Denel, is a multi purpose test range specialising in the in-flight testing of guided missile systems and aircraft. Originally established as a launch facility for an ambitious low earth orbit satellite programme, and with a secondary function to support the South African military industry, its raison d'etre stemmed from strategic military considerations. Changes in the political and economical scene, which started in the early nineties, led to the cancellation of the satellite programme and a dramatic downswing in the production of arms in South Africa. This rendered much of the capability of OTB redundant. Although the government signalled its desire to maintain access to the services of a test range in order to support an indigenous arms industry, OTB was structured as a division of Denel at its formation as a company operated for profit. This left OTB faced with the challenge to replace government grant funding with revenues earned in the market place. Furthermore, the drastically lower domestic military spending provided insufficient business to support a test range at the technological level required to serve the demands of modern weapons testing. In order to survive, OTB had to be successful in broadening its client base in a highly competitive commercial environment, a feat only possible with the implementation of an effective marketing strategy. The objective of this study is to formulate a marketing strategy for OTB based on a market orientated approach, bearing in mind that the task at hand is the marketing of a service. The study covers the relevant marketing theory in some depth and employs it as a basis to conduct a situational review followed by the development of an appropriate marketing mix and implementation plan. Even though the development of a marketing strategy for the test range produces some unique issues to address, the applicability and extent of coverage afforded by existing marketing theory suggest that OTB's circumstances show significant commonality with those encountered in other situations and therefore may find broader application. Some of the notable findings are: (1) the integrated marketing effort demanded by the market orientated approach; (2) the distinctive elements contained in the marketing mix of a service organisation; and (3) the possibility and need to retain a strategically founded market while developing a commercially driven market requiring particularly sharp market segmentation and distinctive strategies respectively.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: OTB, In Divisie van Denel, is 'n multi-aanwendbare toetsbaan wat spesialiseer in die in-vlug toetsing van geleide missiele en vliegtuie. Die toetsbaan is oorspronklik ontwikkel as 'n fasiliteit vir die lansering van lae aardbaan satelliete met, as sekondere funksie, die ondersteuning van die Suid-Afrikaanse militere industrie. Die aanvanklike bestaansreg van die fasiliteit was dus gesetel in militer-strategiese oorwegings. In die vroee neentigs het politieke en ekonomiese veranderinge wat aan die ontwikkel was gelei tot die kansellering van die satellietprogram en 'n drastiese afname in die produksie van krygstuig in Suid-Afrika. Die gevolg was 'n onaanvaarbare onderbenutting van die toetsbaanvermoens en -kapasiteit. Alhoewel die regering aangedui het dat dit van voornemens was om toegang tot 'n funksionerende toetsbaan te verseker ten einde die plaaslike militere industrie te ondersteun, is OTB met die stigting van Denel as 'n divisie daarvan gestruktureer met die doel om winsgewend te opereer. Dit het OTB gelaat met die uitdaging om 'n staatsbefondste begroting met 'n inkomste uit die kommersiele markte te vervang. Voorts het die dramatiese afname in die plaaslike militere spandering tot sodanige verlaging van inkomste uit hierdie bron gelei dat dit nie meer voldoende was om die toetsbaan op die verlangde tegnologiese vlak te onderhou nie. Ten einde te oorleef moes OTB sy klientebasis verbreed in 'n hoogs kompeterende kommersiele omgewing, 'n doelwit wat slegs haalbaar is met die implementering van 'n effektiewe bemarkingstrategie. Die doel van hierdie studie is die formulering van 'n bemarkingstrategie vir OTB gebaseer op 'n markgeorienteerde benadering met inagneming dat die taak voor hande die bemarking van 'n diens is. Die studie dek die relevante bemarkingsteorie tot 'n redelike mate en steun voorts daarop om 'n situasie analise, gevolg deur die ontwikkeling van 'n gepaste bemarkingsamesteliing (marketing mix) en implementeringsplan te ontwikkel. Selfs al lewer die ontwikkeling van 'n bemarkingsplan vir die toetsbaan sommige unieke aspekte op, dui die toepaslikheid van, en die mate waartoe die bestaande teorie die probleme aanspreek daarop dat OTB se omstandighede duidelike ooreenkomste toon met die wat reeds in ander situasies ondervind is. Die bevindinge hier mag dus wyer toepassing hê. Sommige van die noemenswaardige waarnemings is: (1) die geintegreerde bemarkingpoging wat deur die markgeorienteerde benadering vereis word; (2) die onderskeidende elemente wat in die bemarkingsamestelling (marketing mix) vir dienste voorkom; en (3) die moontlikheid en belangrikheid om 'n strategies gefundeerde mark te behou terwyl 'n kommersiele mark ontwikkel word met die skerp marksegmentering en spesifiek gerigte strategie wat per marksegment onderskeidelik nodig is.
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Du, Toit Pieter. "A case study : exploring students' experiences of a participative assessment approach on a professionally-orientated postgraduate programme /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1633/.
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Deprez, Aline. "Apport de la géodésie à l'étude de la jonction triple de l'Afar." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAH015/document.
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L'Afrique de l'est représente un site idéal pour étudier les mécanismes à l'origine de la mise en place et du maintien d'une région en extension. Le rift est africain marque la séparation intra-continentale entre les plaques Nubie et Somalie, dans un contexte principalement tectonique dominé par l'activité de failles normales, alors qu'au niveau des rides de la Mer Rouge et d'Aden l'Arabie se détache du couple de plaques Somalie/Nubie dans un contexte principalement magmatique avec accrétion océanique. Ces trois frontières de plaques se rejoignent au niveau de la dépression Afar. Elles forment une jonction triple qui correspond à une zone de transition entre une lithosphère continentale étirée et des axes d'accrétion océaniques où la présence du point chaud sous la lithosphère a fortement influencé l'extension. À partir de mesures et de traitements géodésiques (GPS, InSAR), l'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de décrire les mouvements actuels de la surface dans cette région de l'Afrique de l'est, où trois plaques s'éloignent les unes des autres, et où les différentes frontières de plaques sont à des stades différents de rifting. L'analyse de la déformation actuelle permet de préciser la dynamique des zones d'extension à court terme, en tenant compte de leur stade d'évolution et notamment des variations de l'activité magmatique et de l'activité sismique. Ainsi trois études ont été menées à des échelles spatiales différentes. La première porte sur l'ensemble du REA (3000 km), la seconde sur la partie centrale de la dépression Afar où se localise la jonction triple (quelques centaines de km), et la troisième sur le rift d'Asal Ghoubbet à Djibouti (quelques dizaines de km)Eastern Africa is a natural laboratory for investigating rifting and break-up. Along the East African Rift, the divergence between Nubia and Somalia plates is accommodated within a mainly tectonic framework dominated by active normal faulting. While Arabia plate moves apart from the African plate couple at the Red Sea and Aden Ridges within a mainly magmatic framework with seafloor spreading. These three plate boundaries meet in Afar Depression forming a triple junction, which correspond to a transition zone between stretched continental lithosphere and oceanic spreading axes, where the role of the mantle plume impacts is determinant. In this thesis, current deformation of the Earth's surface is monitored using geodetics data (GPS, InSAR), in the East African zone where three plates are splitting apart and where the different boundaries encompass areas in all stages of rifting. The current deformation analysis allows clarify extension zone dynamics at short term, taking into account their stage of rifting evolution and especially the variations of magmatic and/or seismic activity. Three studies were carried out at three different spatial scales. The first one considers the whole East African Rift (3000 km), the second one is about the central part of the Afar Depression where the triple junction is situated (a few hundreds of km) and the third focuses on the Asal-Ghoubbet rift in Djibouti (a few tens of km)
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Provini, Olivier. "La circulation des réformes universitaires en Afrique de l'est, les politiques de l'enseignement supérieur au regard de la sociologie de l'action publique et de l'Etat." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU2007/document.
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Les réformes des systèmes d’enseignement supérieur semblent, au Nord comme au Sud, présenter des trajectoires similaires. Alors que la littérature appréhende généralement ces transformations sous l’angle de l’imposition des prescriptions des organisations internationales et des transferts performants de politiques publiques, a fortiori dans des Etats sous régime d’aide, cette thèse en propose une lecture originale. A partir d’une étude de cas de quatre universités publiques d’Afrique de l’Est, les observations empiriques démontrent que, malgré l’existence d’une matrice commune de bonnes pratiques à adopter, les réformes dans les établissements disposent de configurations singulières, ne serait-ce que dans le processus de prise de décision ou dans la mise en œuvre de la politique dite de partage des coûts. Ce travail défend la thèse que ces résultats s’expliquent par l’indissociabilité des politiques publiques et de la trajectoire historique de la formation de l’Etat. Que ce soit la transnationalisation des politiques publiques, leurs configurations ou les mutations sociologiques dans les transferts, l’ensemble ne peut se lire qu’au regard d’une articulation entre la sociologie de l’action publique et la sociologie historique de l’EtatHigher education reforms in northern and southern countries seem to be characterised by similar policy processes. The transformations of higher education institutions are usually presented as an outcome of the increasing pressure of international organisations and the success of global policy transfers, especially in countries depending on foreign aid. However this dissertation aims to critically analyse these reform processes through an original and comparative framework. Basing on the case study of four public universities in East Africa, our empirical evidence demonstrates that these higher education institutions are constantly shaped by singular policy configurations, for instance in the decision-making process or during the implementation of the cost-sharing policy. We argue that this original result can be explained by a two-way relationship between public policy analysis and the state-building framework. Therefore we argue that policy processes like the success and failure of global policy transfers or the network of involved stakeholders can only be studied through the theoretical articulation of public policy analysis and the historical sociology of state formation
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Chevrier, Benoît. "Les assemblages à pièces bifaciales au Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien en Afrique de l’Est et au Proche-Orient : nouvelle approche du phénomène bifacial appliquée aux problématiques de migrations, de diffusion et d’évolution locale." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100115/document.
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Le modèle « Out of Africa » est profondément ancré dans les réflexions portant sur les peuplements paléolithiques. Pour le Pléistocène inférieur et moyen ancien, plusieurs vagues de dispersion des premiers hominidés à partir de l’Afrique de l’Est sont avancées, en particulier vers le Proche-Orient sur la base de trois sites majeurs : Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya et Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. Cette théorie véhicule également l’idée d’imports répétés de techniques nouvelles, notamment le façonnage bifacial.Cependant, une déconstruction des mécanismes inhérents à ce modèle permet d’identifier des obstacles conceptuels et méthodologiques issus du « paradigme de la flèche », simplifiant et réduisant la complexité des phénomènes techniques et culturels.Afin de réintégrer à la question l’espace et le temps, dont l’absence au sein d’« Out of Africa » est rédhibitoire, nous utilisons une vision évolutive des techniques basée sur des réflexions de philosophie, d’ergonomie et de géographie. Cette vision, reprise par des paléolithiciens depuis une quinzaine d’années, a conduit à concevoir une méthodologie techno-fonctionnelle centrée sur les notions d’outil, de geste et de fonctionnement.Une étude approfondie utilisant cette approche a été menée sur quatre assemblages est-africains et proche-orientaux, complétée par des observations portant sur trois autres collections. Les informations obtenues permettent de discuter des processus d’évolution technique sur le temps long, de proposer une vision alternative des peuplements qui considère en particulier l’idée d’inventions du façonnage bifacial indépendantes, et enfin d’envisager des espaces culturels à différentes échelles de temps et d’espaceThe “Out of Africa” model is deeply rooted in the issues of Paleolithic settlement. For the Lower and Early Middle Pleistocene, several waves of early hominid dispersal from Africa have been proposed, especially to the Near East on the basis of three major sites: Dmanisi, ‘Ubeidiya and Gesher Benot Ya‘aqov. This theory also conveys the idea of repeated imports of new techniques, including bifacial shaping.However, the mechanisms inherent in this model are deconstructed: it allows to identify conceptual and methodological obstacles from the “arrow paradigm”, which simplifies and reduces the complexity of technical and cultural phenomena.The absence of space and time in the “Out of Africa” model is a crippling flaw. To reintroduce these dimensions in the debate, an evolutionary view of technics is used and is inspired by thoughts from philosophy, ergonomics and geography. In Paleolithic prehistory, this point of view, developed over past fifteen years, led to work out a techno-functional methodology focused on notions of tool, gesture and functioning.A detailed study using this approach was conducted on four assemblages from East Africa and Near East, with some supplementary observations on three other collections Then a discussion is offered on various topics: (1) the processes of technical evolution over long time, (2) an alternative vision of settlements, which particularly considers the idea of independent inventions of bifacial shaping, and finally (3) the ability to define cultural spaces on different scales of time and space
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Ntihinyuzwa, Thaddée. "Le Réveil évangélique est-africain et ses origines anglo-saxonnes : les paradoxes du religieux et du politique." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR20043.
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Le Réveil est-africain (REA) plonge ses racines dans la spiritualité protestante anglo-saxonne. Suite à la prédication de missionnaires Anglais influencés par le mouvement de la sanctification totale - un héritage des Réveils anglo-américains des XVIIIème et XIXème siècles -, le REA débute au Rwanda en 1933 et se répand ensuite dans l'Afrique des Grands Lacs (Ouganda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzanie et Congo-Kinshasa). Après la deuxième guerre mondiale, il poursuit son internationalisation vers l'Europe, l'Amérique et l'Asie. Répandu par des équipes zélées de " sauvés " africains et anglais (abarokore), le REA est devenu un instrument important de l'influence anglo-saxonne dans l'Afrique des Grands Lacs. Cependant, il entretient aussi des rapports complexes avec la culture africaine. Dépassant les frontières de l'Eglise anglicane dont il est issu, le Réveil touche d'autres Eglises protestantes d'Afrique subsaharienne, au sein desquelles il entretient une spiritualité prônant une nouvelle conduite de vie et un nouvel ordre social. Il se révèle être également un socle solide sur lequel se créent de nouvelles Eglises qui envahissent le champ religieux de l'Afrique des Grands Lacs depuis les années 1980. Face à l'évolution politique de l'Afrique de l'Est, le REA se déclare apolitique. Cependant, à travers son enseignement sur l'obéissance aux autorités le REA propose une stratégie ambivalente pouvant être interprétée comme complice de régimes autoritaires. En même temps, comme le montre la fin de notre étude, les enseignements du REA sur la tempérance et la réconciliation ethnique ont des conséquences sociales constructives, face aux deux fléaux qui frappent l'Afrique des Grands Lacs : le sida et les guerres civiles. Dans ce dernier cas, le Rwanda qui a connu le génocide de 1994 fournit un terrain d'observation intéressantThe East African Revival (EAR) is rooted in Anglo-American protestant spirituality. Following the teachings of English missionaries influenced by the movement of total sanctification -a heritage of the XVIIIth and XIXth centuries Anglo-American Revivals-, the EAR begins in Rwanda in 1933 and then spreads to Great Lakes Africa, (Uganda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania and Congo-Kinshasa). After the Second World War, the EAR pursues its internationalisation towards Europe, America and Asia. Through the work of zealous teams of African and English "saved ones" (abarokore), the EAR has become an important tool of Anglo-American indluence in Great Lakes Africa. Nevertheless, it also holds complex relations with African culture. The EAR spreads beyond the borders of its body of origin, the Anglican Church, and influences other sub-Saharan African protestant Churches, in which it maintains a spirituality advocating a new conduct of life and a new social order. Also the EAR has become a solid foundation on which have been created the new Churches that have invaded the religious field of Great Lakes African since the 1980's. Concerning the political evolution in East Africa, the EAR claims to be non-political. However, through its teaching of obedience to political authorities, it puts forward an ambivalent strategy that could be interpreted as complicity with authoritarian regimes. Also, as the end of our research reveals, the EAR teachings on temperance and ethnic reconciliation have constructive social influences, helping to face the two plaques that have struck Great Lakes Africa : AIDS and civil wars. In the latter case, Rwanda, that underwent a genocide in 1994, supplies an interesting field of observation
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Quero, Arias Jordi. "Los Órdenes regionales en Oriente Medio y el Norte de África (1945-2011)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669794.
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La tesis doctoral Los órdenes regionales en Oriente Medio y el
Norte de África (1945-2011) analiza el conjunto de normas e
instituciones primarias que han regulado el comportamiento de los
actores internacionales del subsistema regional de Oriente Medio y
el Norte de África entre 1945 y 2011. La idea central es que han
existido una pluralidad de órdenes regionales solapados, cada uno
participado por diferentes actores del subsistema, con normas e
instituciones propias y diferenciadas que han establecido los
parámetros sobre el comportamiento esperable y legítimo de sus
participantes. La tesis estudia el contenido normativo y la evolución
de las instituciones del orden intrárabe, el orden árabe-israelí y el
orden árabe-iraní, así como las manifestaciones del orden
internacional en las relaciones regionales. La primera parte examina
las discusiones teóricas sobre las que se basa la investigación y
formula las hipótesis de la investigación. La segunda parte analiza
las instituciones y normas del orden intrárabe. La tercera parte se
centra en los órdenes árabe-israelí y árabe-iraní, así como la
localización del orden global en el subsistema de Oriente Medio.The doctoral thesis Regional orders in the Middle East and North Africa (1945-2011) analyzes the set of norms and primary institutions regulating the behavior of Middle East and North Africa regional subsystem’s international actors between 1945 and 2011. The central argument is that a plurality of overlapping regional orders have coexisted. Each of them has been integrated by different participants among subsystem’s actors and has developed its own differentiated norms and primary institutions setting parameters on expected and legitimate behavior. The thesis examines the normative content and the evolution of the institutions constituting the intra-Arab order, the Arab-Israeli order and the Arab-Iranian order as well as the expression of the global order in the regional interactions. The first section scrutinizes the theoretical discussions underpinning this research endeavor and formulates its hypothesis. The second section analyzes the institutions and norms of the intra-Arab order. The third section focuses on the Arab- Israeli and the Arab-Iranian orders together with the localization of the global order in the Middle East subsystem.
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Browning, Victoria. "An investigation into the link between Human Resource Management practices and service-orientated behaviour in South African service organisations." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11781.
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Bibliography: leaves 181-200.In line with global trends in the economy, the service industry is making an increasingly important contribution to South Africa's economy. In order to stay competitive in both the international and national economies, service organisations in South Africa face numerous challenges that have resulted from a country living through 40 years of Apartheid. A key challenge is the lack of skilled labour at both managerial and worker levels in organisations compounded by the need to manage a highly diverse workforce with different needs and expectations. Frontline employees form an integral part of the service offering of any service organisation and they carry the responsibility of projecting the image of the organisation and of creating a satisfying service experience for the customer. Service organisations can gain competitive advantage through the effective mobilisation of these employees through high quality human resource management practices. This study aims to investigate the link between human resource management (HRM) practices in service organisations in South Africa and the service-orientated behaviour of frontline employees and the role played by organisational commitment in this relationship. Seven HRM practices were investigated, namely selection, training and human resource development, pay and rewards, performance appraisal and management support. The study focused on three service industries in South Africa, namely hospitality, retail and car rental. The four South African organisations that participated in the research are currently regarded as market leaders in each of their industries.
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Douze, Katja. "Le Early Middle Stone Age d'Éthiopie et les changements techno-économiques à la période de l'émergence des premiers Homo sapiens." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14701/document.
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Ce travail de thèse présente une nouvelle lecture technologique des industries lithiques qui documentele Middle Stone Age de la fin du Pléistocène moyen en Ethiopie. Il s’appuie principalement sur une ré-analyse detrois sites majeurs de Gademotta et Kulkuletti (Région du lac Ziway, Vallée du Rift éthiopien), initialement fouillés par F. Wendorf, R. Schild et collaborateurs en 1972. Le croisement des donnés technologiques sur cesindustries à l’échelle locale permet d’aborder la question des dynamiques évolutives qui accompagnenl’émergence des premiers Homo sapiens dans la Corne de l’Afrique. Alors que les traditions techniques montrent une forte stabilité au cours du temps, notamment parl’emploi majoritaire d’une grande diversité de méthodes Levallois de débitage pour la production d’éclats et delames, se dégagent des caractéristiques techniques spécifiques qui se révèlent être des marqueurs régionaux echronologiques. Un changement majeur s’opère sur le plan conceptuel et se caractérise par une augmentation dela prédétermination des morphologies d’outils au débitage, notamment des outils phares du Middle Stone Age les outils à bords convergents (pointes). Ce changement s’accompagne d’une diminution du recours aufaçonnage et du développement de méthodes Levallois dévolues à la production d’éclats triangulaires. Encorollaire, le recours au procédé technique du coup de tranchet latéral, fréquemment appliqué aux outilstriangulaires façonnés dans les phases anciennes, diminue puis disparait au profit d’outils aux bords peutransformés. L’étude met également en exergue la maîtrise de la production laminaire Levallois, dès les phasesanciennes, antérieures à 280 ka, ainsi que la production ubiquiste de petits éclats laissés brut comme un objectifdu débitage Levallois et non Levallois à part entière. Cette étude renseigne les changements comportementaux à l’œuvre aux lendemains de l’Acheuléen, àune période charnière de l’évolution humaine, qui demeure peu documentée. Cette phase initiale du MiddleStone Age est un jalon essentiel dans la Préhistoire africaine qui annonce les phases plus récentes de la périodedurant lesquelles se multiplient les manifestations de comportements symboliques dans certaines parties ducontinent, ainsi que l’emprunt de routes de sortie d’Afrique par l’Homo sapiensThis thesis presents new technological insights concerning Middle Stone Age (MSA) lithic industries from the end of the Middle Pleistocene in Ethiopia. Based mainly on a reanalysis of three major occupation sites from Gademotta and Kulkuletti (Lake Ziway Area, Main Ethiopian Rift Valley) initially excavated by F. Wendorf, R. Schild and collaborators in 1972, a local-scale comparison of the technology from these three nearby sites enables the evolutionary dynamics accompanying the emergence of Homo sapiens in the Horn of Africa to be discussed. While most of the technical traditions are stable through time, particularly the use of a broad diversity of Levallois methods for producing flakes and blades, several technical idiosyncrasies are also evident and can be considered strong regional and chronological markers. A major conceptual change is characterised by an increase in the predetermination of tool shape during the core reduction process, especially for the major MSA tool group – tools with convergent edges (points). This shift is accompanied by a decrease in the use of shaping techniques (façonnage) and the development of Levallois methods for the production of triangular flakes. The use of the lateral tranchet blow technique, frequently applied to triangular tools during the oldest phases, also decreases and then disappears with tools bearing little transformation becoming dominant. Furthermore, this analysis documents well-developed technical skills evident in earliest occurrences (before 280 ka) of Levallois blade production coexisting with the ubiquitous and independent Levallois and non Levallois production of small flakes. This study highlights behavioural changes evident during the still poorly documented post-Acheulean period, a turning point in human evolution. These initial stages of the Middle Stone Age are crucial for African prehistory as they set the stage for subsequent periods which see not only an increase in symbolic behaviours, but the expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa
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Leinweber, Volker Thor. "Geophysical study of the conjugate East African and East Antarctic margins." Brest, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BRES2017.
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The study deals with the relative movements between Africa and Antarctica in Middle Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous times using new data from four campaigns (2006-2010). Aeromagnetic measurements in the 5W Enderby Basin clearly image the continent-ocean-transition east of the Gunnerus Ridge. Spreading anomalies are absent, pointing to a formation of the oceanic crust during Cretaceous Normal superchron times. Velocity and density modelling of two wide-angle seismic profiles across the Central Mozambique continental margin reveal continental crust, thinning seawards by 50% over a distance of ~130 km. Farther south, oceanic crust is overlain by sediments with high P-wave velocities around 4. 8 km/s. An extensive lower crustal high-velocity-body has been found in both profiles. Identifications of magnetic spreading anomalies reveal that the COT is located closer to the coast than supposed so far. M41 n is interpreted as oldest existing spreading anomaly. New magnetic and gravity data across the Mozambique Ridge and the Northern Natal Valley and their similarity to potential field data on the Mozambique Coastal Plains point to a mainly oceanic nature from the plains south and two southward jumps of the spreading centre. The Astrid Ridge is subdivided by the Astrid Fracture Zone into a northern and a southern part with different magnetic signatures and is interpreted to consist of oceanic crust. The regional results were implemented into a new kinematic model between Africa and Antarctica, postulating a tight continental Gondwana fit, a two-stage breakup and a southward movement of the Grunehogna Craton east of the Mozambique Ridge during the second stage of breakupL’étude traite des mouvements relatifs de l’Afrique et de l'Antarctique, du Jurassique moyen jusqu’à la fin du Crétacé inférieur, en utilisant les données de quatre campagnes (2006-2010). Des mesures aéromagnétiques dans le bassin Enderby Sud-Ouest montrent la COT à l’est de la dorsale de Gunnerus. Il n’y a pas d’anomalie évidente dans les données, ce qui indique une formation de croûte océanique durant le superchron normal du Crétacé. La modélisation de deux profils sismiques grand-angles à travers la marge continentale du Mozambique central révèle une croûte continentale qui s’amincit ~50% sur une distance de ~130 km vers le large. Plus au sud, de la croûte océanique se trouve sous des sédiments à hautes vitesses d’ondes P autour de 4,8 km/s. Dans la croûte inférieure se retrouve un vaste corps de grande vitesse d’ondes. Des identifications des anomalies (M41n étant interprétée comme la plus vieille) révèlent que la COT est plus proche de la côte qu’on ne le croyait. De nouvelles données magnétiques et gravimétriques à la ride du Mozambique et au bassin nord du Natal et leur similitude avec les données des plaines de la côte du Mozambique indiquent une nature de croûte océanique majoritaire des plaines vers le sud ainsi que deux sauts du centre d’écartement vers le Sud. La ride d’Astrid est scindée en deux parties magnétiquement différentes, interprétées en croûte océanique. Les résultats régionaux ont été implémentés dans un nouveau modèle cinématique, qui postule un ajustement étroit des continents du Gondwana, une fracturation diphasée et un mouvement du Craton Grunehogna vers le sud à l’est de la ride du Mozambique pendant la deuxième phase de la fracturation
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Naba, Séta. "Propriétés magnétiques et caractères structuraux des granites du Burkina Faso oriental (Craton Ouest Africain, 2,2 - 2,0 Ga) : implications géodynamique." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/814/.
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Les terrains Paléoprotérozoïque du Burkina Faso Oriental sont constitués de plutons de granite à biotite intrusifs dans un socle de ceintures de roches vertes et roches granito-gneissiques à affinités de TTG. Les Fabriques magnétiques et microstructures permettent de proposer trois mécanismes pour la mise en place de ces plutons. Le pluton de Kouaré, le plus précoce (~2128), se met en place dans la croûte TTG préexistante alors qu'elle est encore facile à ramollir, par interaction entre poussée diapirique et déformation transcurrente. Les granites de l'alignement Tenkodogo-Yamba se mettent en place un peu plus tard (~2117 Ma) dans des structures dilatantes d'une croûte devenue fragile lors d'une tectonique transcurrente localisée et de sens dextre. Enfin, dans ce même contexte rhéologique et probablement un peu plus tard, le petit pluton de Nanéni (non daté), issu des granites précédents par cristallisation fractionnée, se serait injecté sous pression entre les granitoïdes TTG de l'encaissant et les métavolcanites des ceintures de roches vertesPaleoproterozoic terrains from eastern Burkina Faso are composed of plutons of biotite granites, emplaced in a basement of greenstone belts and gneiss-granitoid rocks with TTG affinities. Magnetic fabrics and microstructures allow us to propose three mechanisms of plutons emplacement. The pluton of Kouaré was the earliest (~2128 ± 6 Ma) to be emplaced in the pre-existing TTG crust that was softened by the presence of the granite and subjected to diapirism combined with a component of regional transcurrent shear. The granites of the alignment of Tenkodogo-Yamba (~2117 Ma) were then emplaced within tension gashes of an already brittle TTG crust subjected to localised dextral shearing. In the same rheological context and likely later, the small pluton of Naneni (not yet dated), which likely derives from the previous granites by fractional crystallization, was likely injected under pressure between the TTG basement and the metavolcanic belts
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Ladhari, Mohamed-Ali. "Grecs et Orientaux en Afrique romaine au Haut-Empire : étude démographique et sociale." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040253.
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Le but de ce travail est d’étudier une composante de la société de l’Afrique romaine, constituée par les allogènes originaires de la partie orientale de l’Empire. Le cadre de cette étude est le Haut-Empire romain, car l’essentiel de la documentation dont on dispose date de cette époque. L’épigraphie est la principale documentation. Avant de passer à l’étude de ce sujet, il était essentiel de déterminer les clés de sélection qui ont aidé à fixer l’origine de ces allogènes et à dégager le corpus des 260 notices épigraphiques qui constituent le support de ce travail. Le principal outil pris en considération est l’onomastique, tout en tenant compte du caractère parfois imprécis de cet indice. Ensuite, plusieurs aspects de la présence de ces Orientaux étaient étudiés. En premier lieu l’aspect démographique ainsi que la répartition sur le sol africain. Le second aspect est le volet social. Il a pour but d’étudier les diverses caractéristiques de la présence de cette communauté d’Orientaux. D’abord, la nature des activités qu’ils pratiquaient. Si le métier des armes était leur vocation majeure, ils exerçaient néanmoins plusieurs autres activités. L’étude de leur vie religieuse a montré qu’ils sont restés majoritairement fidèles aux cultes de leurs pays. L’onomastique ou encore les pratiques matrimoniales ont été des indices qui ont servi à étudier la nature des contacts qu’ils ont eu avec les Afro-romains et à évaluer leur intégration dans la société d’accueil. En dernier lieu, une partie du travail a été consacrée à l’étude du phénomène culturel qu’est l’hellénisme et du rôle que ces Orientaux ont joué dans la promotion de ce genre de cultureThe aim of the present work is to study a component of the Roman African society: the one constituted by the aliens originating from the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. The study is framed within the Early Roman Empire, as most of the documentation available dates back to that period. Epigraphy is the primary documentation for this work. Before turning to the study of this subject, it was essential to identify selection keys that helped fix the origin of these non-natives and come up with the body of 260 epigraphic records that constitute the corpus of this work. The main tool taken into consideration is onomastic, notwithstanding the vagueness sometimes inherent in this index. Thereafter, light was shed on the many aspects of the presence of these Orientals. First, the demographic layer: figuring, motives, conditions and structures of departure and the distribution on the African soil. The second layer concerns the social aspect. It aims to explore the various features of the presence of the Oriental community in Roman Africa. First, the nature of the activities they exercised. If the job of arms was their main vocation, they still exercised several other activities. The study of their religious life showed that they remained largely faithful to the worship practices of their home countries. Onomastic and also marriage practices were clues that were used to study the nature of the contacts they had with Africans and evaluate their integration within the host society. The last part of the work was devoted to the study of the cultural phenomenon of Hellenism and the role that these Orientals played in promoting this kind of culture in a predominantly Latin province
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Sebiane, Maho. "L’invisible : esclavage, sawaḥili et possession dans le complexe rituel leiwah d’Arabie orientale (sultanat d’Oman - Emirats Arabes Unis)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100083.
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Cette thèse porte sur le leiwah d’Arabie orientale, un rite de possession pratiqué par les Zunûj, une population de descendants d’esclaves originaires des côtes est-africaines. Durant les quatre dernières décennies, les institutions culturelles des États-nations d’Arabie orientale ont présenté la musique et la danse de ce rite comme une pratique festive sans lien avec la possession, participant ainsi à dissocier ce rite de l’histoire régionale et de la population qui le pratique. Cette thèse, qui combine l’étude de sources écrites et orales avec l’analyse de discours et une ethnographie fondée sur l’observation participante (11 rites leiwah au Sultanat d’Oman, dont 1 décrit en détail) montre que le leiwah ne peut se comprendre que par rapport à l’histoire et au statut initial d’esclaves des Zunûj. Dans un premier temps (chapitres 1 à 3), cette étude révèle la profondeur historique du leiwah et explore les différents processus ayant participé à l’invisibilité de sa pratique rituelle. Dans un deuxième temps (chapitre 4), elle montre en quoi les notions d'esprit de possession en vigueur dans cette population diffèrent de celles connues en Islam ainsi que dans la pratique du zâr, un autre rite de possession décrit dans la région depuis le XIXe siècle (mais aussi dans la corne de l’Afrique, en Égypte et en Iran). Enfin (chapitres 5 à 7), l’analyse de la mise en œuvre de la possession et de la musique dans le rite leiwah (interactions, protocole, structure) montre l’existence d’un complexe rituel qui interagit, depuis près d’un siècle, avec la norme culturelle et religieuse arabo-musulmane qui l’environneThis thesis focuses on the leiwah of Eastern Arabia, a rite of possession practiced by the Zunûj, a population of slave descendants from the coasts of East Africa.During the last four decades, the cultural institutions of Eastern Arabian nation-states have presented the music and the dance of the rite of possession as a festive practice unrelated to possession, and participated in dissociating this rite from the regional history and the population practicing it.This thesis, which combines the study of written and oral sources with discourse analysis and an ethnography based on participant observation (11 leiwah rites observed in the Sultanate of Oman, 1 described in detail) shows that the leiwah can be understood only in relation to the history and original slave status of the Zunûj.First (chapters 1 to 3), this study reveals the historical depth of the leiwah and explores the various processes contributing to the invisibility of its ritual practice. It then shows (chapter 4) how the notions of spirit of possession in this population differ from the ones known in Islam as well as in zâr, another rite of possession described since the 19th century in the area (and in the Horn of Africa, Egypt, and Iran). Finally (chapters 5 to 7), the analysis of the execution of possession and the music in the leiwah rite (interactions, protocol, structure) reveals the existence of a ritual complex that has been interacting, for almost a century, with the cultural and religious Arab-Muslim norm surrounding it
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Plasman, Matthieu. "Rupture lithosphérique continentale dans le rift Africain : apport de l'inversion conjointe." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0029/document.
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L'inversion conjointe géophysique est la méthode la plus efficace pour imager l'intérieur de la Terre. En intégrant plusieurs techniques géophysiques elle permet de réduire les incertitudes inhérentes à chacune et ainsi améliorer la compréhension de la Terre. Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les techniques des fonctions récepteur (RF) en sismologie, de la magnétotellurique (MT) et de la gravimétrie qui permettent de caractériser respectivement la vitesse des ondes S, la résistivité électrique et la densité du sous-sol.Le but de ce travail de recherche se divise en deux parties: une première, méthodologique, sur le développement d'une nouvelle approche d'inversion conjointe en 3D et une deuxième avec l'application de ces techniques (en approche jointe ou séparée) sur la Divergence Nord Tanzanienne pour mieux comprendre le phénomène de rupture continentale. Pour la partie méthodologie deux approches ont été développées : une entre les données de MT et de gravimétrie avec un calcul original de l'effet gravimétrique de la topographie qui permet de réduire le nombre de mailles tout en gardant une résolution satisfaisante ; et une deuxième méthode entre les données de MT et de RF par une nouvelle approche d'extrapolation des modèles 1D de vitesse en pseudo modèle 3D de vitesse. L'application de ces techniques sur la Tanzanie a permis de mettre en évidence un certain nombre de structures lithosphériques dont deux zones majeures à faible vitesse dans la croûte inférieure et dans le manteau supérieur. Cette dernière semble refléter des interactions entre des structures héritées d'âge protérozoïque et le panache mantellique AfricainGeophysical joint inversion attempts to reproduce as best as possible the interior of the Earth. By integrating several geophysical techniques the joint inversion reduces the uncertainties of each methods and improves our understanding of the Earth structure. In this study we use the receiver functions (RF), the magnetotelluric (MT) and the gravity methods which enable to charaterize the Swave velocity, the electrical resistivity and the density, respectively. The objective of this research work is divided in two parts; first with the development of a new 3D joint inversion approach and then with the application of these methods (on a joint or separate approach) on the North Tanzanian Divergence to better understand the continental breakup.For the methodologic part two approaches have been developed; one between the MT and gravity data with an original computation of the topographic effect which decreases the number of cells while keeping a satisfaying resolution. And a second method between the MT and RF data where pseudo 3D velocity model are created and combined with the MT models to better takes into account the physical properties of the receiver function. The application of these methods on the Tanzania highlighted several lithospheric structures and particularly two low-velocity areas in the lower crust and the upper mantle. This latter suggests interactions with Proterozoic inherited structures and the African plume material
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Labou, Ibrahima. "Les complexes mafiques et ultramafiques birimiens de la ceinture de Mako (Sénégal oriental) témoins d'une évolution d'un domaine intra-océanique vers un domaine d'arc insulaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30306.
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Les données isotopiques et en éléments en traces sur roches et minéraux de la région de Mako au Sénégal, mettent en évidence l'existence au sein de la croûte birimienne de roches magmatiques diversement différenciées (de cumulats ultramafiques à rhyolite) provenant de trois sources magmatiques parfaitement identifiées : une source déprimée plus juvénile à l'origine de la lignée tholéiitique 1 ; une source faiblement enrichie à l'origine de la lignée tholéiitique 2 et une source très enrichie dont est issue la lignée calco-alcaline. On peut ainsi proposer pour le groupe de Mako l'évolution géodynamique suivante : i) ouverture d'un océan entrainant la mise en place des roches de la lignée tholéiitique 1 au niveau d'une dorsale océanique, ces dernières ayant des caractéristiques proches des MORB ; ii) subduction intra-océanique induisant un magmatisme conduisant à la formation d'un arc insulaire immature qui se caractérise par un magmatisme tholéiitique dont les roches de la lignée tholéiitique 2 seraient les témoins ; iii) maturation de l'arc insulaire et mise en place des roches de la lignée calco-alcaline liée à l'enfoncement de la plaque plongeante et à l'épaississement de la partie crustale de l'arcThe isotopic and trace element data on rocks and minerals in the Birimian Mako region of Senegal reveal the existence of variously differentiated magmatic rocks (from ultramafic to rhyolite cumulates) from three perfectly identified magmatic sources: a more juvenile depleted source at the origin of the tholeiitic series 1; a weakly enriched source at the origin of the tholeiitic series 2 and a highly enriched source from which the calc-alkaline series originates. We can thus propose for the Mako group the following geodynamic evolution: i) opening of an ocean resulting in the emplacement of the rocks of the tholeiitic series 1 in the setting of an oceanic ridge, the rocks having characteristics close to the MORB ; ii) intra-oceanic subduction inducing magmatism leading to the formation of an immature insular arc which is characterized by a tholeiitic magmatism represented by the tholeiitic series 2; iii) Maturation of the insular arc and emplacement of rocks of the calc-alkaline series related to the subduction of the plate and thickening of the crustal portion of the arc
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Louw, Theunis Gabriël. "A historic overview of oriental solmisation systems followed by an inquiry into the current use of solmisation in aural training at South African universities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5143.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MMus (Music)) -- Stellenbosch University, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of the present study is twofold: I. In the first instance, it is aimed at promoting a better acquaintance with and a deeper understanding of the generally less well-known solmisation systems that have emerged within the oriental music sphere. In this regard a general definition of solmisation is provided, followed by a historic overview of indigenous solmisation systems that have been developed in China, Korea, Japan, India, Indonesia and the Arab world, thereby also confirming the status of solmisation as a truly global phenomenon. II. The second objective of the study was to investigate the current use of solmisation, and the Tonic Sol-fa system in particular, in aural training at South African universities. In order to achieve this, an inquiry was conducted by means of a survey which consisted of (a) a survey questionnaire that was sent to designers/instructors/coordinators of aural training modules at relevant South African universities and (b) additional correspondence that was subsequently undertaken with some of these respondents. This was done with the aim of obtaining information regarding the following: (1) the extent to which solmisation is still being employed in this context; (2) which solmisation systems or alternative approaches to solmisation are being used; (3) what the respondents’ personal motivations are for employing or not employing solmisation; (4) what instruction material is being utilised in either regard; and (5) what the respondents’ personal views are regarding the use of solmisation in aural training. The outcome of the survey confirmed that solmisation, and the Tonic Sol-fa system in particular, is still actively being used in aural training at South African universities, while at the same time providing some insight into the general application thereof in this context. On the whole, the survey also affirmed the continued relevance of solmisation, and the Tonic Sol-fa system in particular, both in the broader South African context and specifically within the context of aural training at South African universities, showing that solmisation continues to be regarded as a valuable aid in the instruction of aural training by the majority of the designers/instructors/coordinators of aural training modules that participated in the survey.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die onderhawige studie is tweeledig van aard: I. In die eerste plek is dit gemik op die bevordering van beter vertroudheid met en ’n grondiger begrip van die oor die algemeen minder bekende solmisasiestelsels wat binne die konteks van oosterse musiek na vore getree het. In hierdie verband word daar ’n algemene omskrywing van solmisasie voorsien, gevolg deur ’n historiese oorsig oor inheemse solmisasiestelsels wat ontwikkel is in China, Korea, Japan, Indië, Indonesië en die Arabiese wêreld, en word die status van solmisasie as ’n wesenlik wêreldwye verskynsel dan ook daardeur bevestig. II. Die tweede doelwit van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die huidige gebruik van solmisasie, en die Tonic Sol-fa stelsel in besonder, in gehooropleiding aan Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite. Om dit te bewerkstellig, is ’n ondersoek uitgevoer deur middel van ’n opname wat bestaan het uit (a) ’n opnamevraelys wat gestuur is aan opstellers/dosente/koördineerders van gehoorlopleidingsmodules aan relevante Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite en (b) bykomende korrespondensie wat daaropvolgend onderneem is met van hierdie respondente. Dit is gedoen met die doel om inligting te bekom rakende die volgende: (1) die mate waarin solmisasie nog binne hierdie konteks gebruik word; (2) watter solmisasiestelsels of alternatiewe benaderings vir solmisasie gebruik word; (3) wat die respondente se persoonlike motiverings is vir die gebruik van solmisasie al dan nie; (4) watter onderrigmateriaal daar in beide gevalle gebruik word; en (5) wat die respondente se persoonlike sieninge is ten opsigte van die gebruik van solmisasie in gehooropleiding. Die uitslag van die opname het bevestig dat solmisasie, en die Tonic Sol-fa stelsel in besonder, steeds aktief gebruik word in gehooropleiding aan Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite, en het terselfdertyd insig gebied in die algemene aanwending daarvan binne hierdie konteks. In sy geheel het die uitslag van die opname dan ook die voortgesette relevansie van solmisasie, en die Tonic Sol-fa stelsel in besonder, in die breër Suid-Afrikaanse konteks sowel as spesifiek binne die konteks van gehooropleiding aan Suid-Afrikaanse universiteite bevestig, en het dit aangetoon dat solmisasie steeds as ’n waardevolle hulpmiddel in die onderrig van gehooropleiding beskou word deur die meeste van die opstellers/dosente/koördineerders van gehoorlopleidingsmodules wat aan die opname deelgeneem het.
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Révillon, Jérémy. "L'intégration régionale dans les Grands Lacs : analyse comparée Rwanda/Burundi." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU1021/document.
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L’histoire de l’intégration régionale dans les Grands Lacs est récente. Il faut attendre la colonisation pour voir le Burundi et le Rwanda entrer véritablement dans ce processus. Le mandat belge oriente les deux territoires vers le cœur de l’Afrique. Cette période va influencer la première intégration institutionnelle avec la Communauté Economique des Pays des Grands Lacs. Il convient toutefois de rester mesuré, puisque celle-ci est avant tout une intégration de papier. Elle est similaire aux autres adhésions des deux pays à cette période, qui se révèlent être en inadéquation avec leurs circuits commerciaux. Les organisations régionales sont également inefficaces pour régler la problématique des réfugiés. Les années 1993 et 1994 sont des ruptures internes pour le Burundi et le Rwanda. Elles provoquent également un renversement régional, avec la désintégration de l’Afrique des Grands Lacs : ce sont les guerres congolaises. Dans le même temps, les deux pays se réorientent vers l’Afrique de l’Est, où l’EAC leur permet enfin un réel désenclavement. L’intégration du Rwanda semble toutefois plus efficace que celle du BurundiThe history of regional integration in the Great Lakes is recent. To see Burundi and Rwanda truly enter into this process you have to wait the colonization. The Belgian mandate turns the two territories to the heart of Africa. This period will influence the first institutional integration with the Economic Community of Great Lakes Countries. However, we should remain cautius, since it is primarily paper integration. It is similar to other memberships of the two countries in this period, which is proving to be inadequate with their commercial channels. Regional organizations are also ineffective to resolve the refugee issue. The years 1993 and 1994 are internal ruptures for Burundi and Rwanda. They also cause a regional reversal, with the disintegration of the African Great Lakes : these are the Congolese wars. At the same time, both countries are shifting towards East Africa, where the EAC finally allows them a real opening up. The integration of Rwanda, however, seems more effective than that of Burundi
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Zehni, Addi. "Geologie, mineralogie et geochimie du gisement de pb(zn-cu) de beddiane (district de touissit-boubeker, maroc oriental)." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30145.
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Le gisement de beddiane appartient au district de touissit-bou beker, "chaine des horsts", maroc oriental. Il est encaisse dans la serie alleno-bajocienne, discordante sur le socle paleozoique, et se caracterise, par rapport aux gisements voisins, par sa richesse exceptionnelle en plomb, des concentrations exploitables de cuivre et peu de zinc. L'analyse sedimentologique de la formation carbonatee encaissante a permis de mettre en evidence des sequences transgressives et regressives, traduisant un environnement geologique instable: subsidences saccadees et emersions temporaires, suivies de phenomenes de dissolution-karstification pendant et apres le depot de la formation. L'examen petrographique a permis de distinguer plusieurs types de dolomies et de mettre en evidence deux phases principales de dolomitisation: un diagenetique precoce et une autre epigenetique, tardive. La lithogeochimie, effectuee a partir des carottes de sondages, a montre que toutes les assises carbonatees, sont fortement anormales en pb, zn et cu et plus particulierement les facies micritiques. Trois phases de mineralisations zn, pb et cu ont ete distinguees. La zonalite verticale et horizontale des mineralisations au sein du gisement et la geometrie des karsts mineralises suggerent que les solutions salines hydrothermales (100**(o)c) aient circule d'ouest en est dans cette couverture carbonatee. La presence dans le socle sous-jacent de filons a pb-cu pourrait temoigner d'une origine plus profonde des fluides mineralisateurs
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Carstens, Jacques. "The Naledi Local Municipality department of financial services case study on implementing strategy in a developmentally orientated municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19801.
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Thesis (MBA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2007.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research report is about the implementation of strategy in a developmental orientated municipality. It demonstrates through a case study how the Department of Financial Services implements the long-term goals and objectives of the Naledi Local Municipality. It also demonstrates how the strategic integrated development plan and the budget of the municipality direct the service delivery and budget implementation action plans of the municipality and its departments. A departmental scorecard for the Department of Financial Services and an individual scorecard for the Manager: Financial Services was developed, based on the municipality's corporate scorecard. The Balanced Scorecard as a tool to focus and align resources towards the municipality's strategy was used as implementation model. Key performance areas, key performance indicators and targets were also developed to ensure that strategy to be implemented can be measured. The case study clearly indicates that the municipality is on the right track with regard to the implementation of strategy in theory and in practice. However, certain issues are highlighted as hindrances that will undoubtedly impact on the successful implementation of the municipality's long-term goals and objectives.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsingverslag handel oor 'n gevallestudie van strategie implimentering in 'n ontwikkelingsgerigte munisipaliteij. Die gevaliestudie demonstreer hoe die Departement van Finansiele Dienste die langtermyn doelwilte en doelstellings van die Naledi Plaaslike Munisipaliteit implimenteer. Die gevallestudie demonstreer verder ook hoe die strategiese geIntegreerde ontwikkelingsplan en begroting van die munisipaliteit die dienslewering en begroting-implimenteringsaksieplanne van die munisipaliteit en sy departemente rig. 'n Departementele telkaart vir die Department van Finansiele Dienste en 'n individuele telkaart vir die Bestuurder: Finansiele Dienste, gebaseer op die korporatiewe telkaart, is ook ontwikkei. Die Gebalanseerde Telkaart is gebruik as 'n instrument om hulpbronne te lokus op die munisipaliteit se S6 strategie. Sleutelprestasie-areas, sleutelprestasie-indikatore en -teikens is ontwikkel om te verseker dat die implimentering van strategie gemeet kan word. Die gevaliestudie toon duidelik ook aan dat die munisipaliteit in teorie en in praktyk op die regte spoor is met die implimentering van strategie. Sakere kwessies word egter uitgelig as hindemisse wat die suksesvolle implimentering van die munisipaliteit S6 langtermyn doelwilte en doelsteliings ongetwyfeld sal beInvloed.