Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Africa – Economic conditions – Regional disparities'
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Mandela, Babongile Thabile. "Regional hegemony as a tool for peace : an evaluation of South Africa’s role in regional development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5403.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Southern Africa as a region requires a rallying point from where they can integrate and mobilize their resources in order to create a security community, which acts both as a deterrent to the outbreak of conflict and regional bloc to protect local industries from global forces. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) does not have the strong relationship which usually exists between states that share a common goal or interest. The study argues that the lack of leadership within the region accounts for the weak cooperative relationship that presently exists in Southern Africa. This study argues that regionalization does not come about unless the states in a particular region want it. It may come about through spontaneous or unintended convergence in terms of political regime, economic policy or security, but often one can identify a triggering political event which sets the process in motion. The study argues that the Development Corridors apparent in Southern Africa can act as the triggering event and have the promise to forge the most feasible cooperation amongst regional states. The phenomenon of Peace Parks rooted in the Spatial Development Initiatives, offer a unique type of regional integration embedded on traditional focal areas and Southern African Identity. This study intends to analyze the potential ability of regional hegemony to foster peace through development. The primary objective of this study consequently is to examine the role of regional hegemonies as tools for peace; using South Africa’s hegemony in Southern Africa as a case study. This study describes the importance of South Africa as a regional hegemon to lead the process of creating a peaceful co-existence in SADC. To achieve the research objectives the following questions have been formulated: What is South Africa’s role as a development partner in Southern Africa? The second research question asks how the political economy of regionalism is apparent in the Spatial Development Indicators (Development Corridors). Specifically what contribution could Spatial Development Initiatives make towards SADC’s regional integration objectives? The research questions provide an impression of major socio-political developments looming in the region and also seek to provide the required tools to analyze and understand what is going on in Southern Africa today.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suider-Afrikaanse streek het ’n definitiewe behoefte om ‘n sentrale punt te identifiseer waar beide integrasie kan plaasvind en hulpbronne gemobiliseer kan word om ’n veiligheids gemeenskap te skep. Dit kan as ’n definitiewe teenvoeter dien vir die onstaan van konflik en om plaaslike industrie te beskerm teen die soms negatiewe invloed van internasionale magte. Die Suider-Afrikaanse Ontwikkelings Gemeenskap (SAOG) het huidiglik nie ’n sterk verhouding wat tussen state met gemeenskaplike doelwitte en belange heers nie. Die kern argument van hierdie studie is dat die tekort aan leierskap binne die streek een van die hoofoorsake is vir die algemene swak samewerking wat tans bestaan in Suider-Afrika. Die studie argumenteer dat sogenaamde streeks/regionale integrasie nie tot stand kan kom tensy die state in ’n spesifieke streek ’n definitiewe behoefte daartoe het nie. Dit kan wel onstaan deur middel van ’n spontane samevloei van politieke regimes, ekonomiese beleid en veiligheid. Daar is soms egter ’n spesifieke gebeurtenis wat die proses laat onstaan. Die studie argumenteer dat die sogenaamde Ontwikkelings Deurgange (‘Development Corridors’) wat tans in Suider-Afrika ontwikkel as ’n moontlike vertrekpunt gesien kan word wat die beste kans bied om samewerking tussen state te bevorder. Die onstaan van Vredes Parke (‘Peace Parks’) gevestig binne die Ontwikkelings Deurgange, bied ’n unieke vorm van regionale integrasie in Suider-Afrika. Hierdie studie het ten doel om die potensiële moontlikheid van regionale hegemonie om vrede te bewerkstellig deur middel van ontwikkeling te ontleed. Die hoof doelwit van hierdie studie is om die rol van regionale hegemonie as instrument van vrede te ontleed. Die studie sal spesifiek die gevallestudie van Suid-Afrika se regionale hegemonie in Suider-Afrika ondersoek. Hierdie studie beskryf die belangrikheid van Suid-Afrika as ’n streeks moondheid om die leiding te neem om vreedsame samewerking binne die SAOG te bewerkstellig. Die volgende belangrike vrae is in hierdie studie gestel: Wat is Suid-Afrika se rol as ’n ontwikkelings-vennoot in Suider-Afrika? Die tweede vraag probeer vasstel tot watter mate die politieke ekonomie van regionale samewerking tans bestaan in die Omgewings Ontwikkelings Indikatore (die sogenaamde ‘Development Corridors’). Watter spesifieke bydraes kan hierdie inisiatiewe lewer om die SAOG se regionale integrasie doelwitte te bereik? Die vrae probeer ’n geheel indruk skep hoe die Omgewings-Ontwikkelings Inisiatiewe (‘Spatial Development Initiatives’) tans bydra om ’n beter begrip te skep van huidige verwikkelinge in Suider-Afrika.
Van, der Holst Marieke. "EPA negotiations between the EU and SADC/SACU grouping: partnership or asymmetry?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1931.
Full textEurope and Africa share a long history that is characterized both by oppression and development. The relationship between the European Union (EU) and the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries is a particularly important aspect of EU development cooperation policy. The developmental history between the EU and Africa started with the Yaoundé Conventions of 1963 and 1969, which were replaced by the Lomé Convention. Unfortunately, the favourable terms and preferential access for the ACP countries to Europe failed and the Lomé Convention was replaced by the Cotonou Partnership Agreement (CPA) in 2000. As a result of a WTO-waiver, the discriminatory non-reciprocal trade preferences, which were previously enjoyed under the Lomé Convention, continued until December 2007. The Cotonou Agreement points out that these trade preferences will be replaced by joint WTOcompatible Economic Partnership Agreements (EPAs). During the EPA negotiations, the EU preferred to negotiate on a regional basis instead of negotiating with the ACP as a whole or with individual countries. Consequently, Sub-Saharan Africa formed two negotiation groups; the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA) EPA group and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) EPA group, represented by the five Southern African Customs Union (SACU) countries, together with Mozambique and Angola. Although Southern Africa is the region that leads the continent; from an economic perspective, the Southern African states show considerable disparities. Due to the economic differences between South Africa and the BLNS countries (Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia and Swaziland), the interests of the individual SACU countries are diverse and often contradictory, which resulted in complicated EPA negotiations. However, maintaining a favourable long-term trading relationship with the EU is of great importance to the economic and political well-being of the SADC, since the EU is the main trading partner of most African countries. By December 2007, an interim EPA (IEPA) was initialled by the BLNS countries as a result of the pressure to fall back to the unfavourable Generalized System of Preferences (GSP). Due to the bilateral Trade Development and Cooperation Agreement (TDCA) that is in force between South Africa and the EU, South Africa was not negatively influenced by the expiry of the WTO-waiver. The EPA will have a negative impact on regional integration within SADC and will promote distinction within the regional economic communities. Duty free, quota free access was offered to the BLNS countries, but the EU did not extend this offer to South Africa because of the developmental status of the country and the pre-existing TDCA. Consequently, South Africa will be required to export at higher prices and will experience increased competition within the region. The downside of the removal of import tariffs for the BLNS countries is that government revenues will decrease, which might result in income losses and will accentuate poverty. The standstill-clause of the IEPA prevents the SACU countries from diversifying economically and from developing new industries. The Most- Favoured Nation clause primarily impacts negatively on South Africa, since it prevents South Africa from negotiating freely with other countries such as Brazil and China. Furthermore, the strict intellectual property rules of the IEPA undermine access to knowledge and hereby fail to support innovation. The content of a chapter on liberalization of services, that will be included in the full EPA, is still being negotiated. Liberalization of services might lead to more foreign investments in the BLNS countries, as a result of which the quality of services will increase, leading to better education, infrastructure and more job opportunities. However, foreign companies will gain power at the expense of African governments and companies. South Africa is the main supplier of services in the BLNS countries and will therefore be confronted with economic losses when the services sector is liberalized. From an economic nationalist perspective, the EU included numerous provisions in the IEPA that were not necessary for WTO compatibility. However, the EU is aware of the importance of trade agreements for the BLNS countries and found itself in the position to do so to fulfil its own interests. By making use of the expiry date of the WTO waiver; the IEPA was initialled by the BLNS countries within a relatively short period of time. South Africa, in its own national interests, opposed the provisions of the IEPA, which has led to the negotiations deadlock. Because of the economic power and negotiating tactics of the EU and the selfinterested attitude of South Africa in this respect, regional integration is undermined and the poorest countries are once again the worst off. Although Economic Partnership Agreements have to be established, the partnership-pillar is, in my opinion, hard to find.
Guo, Huanguang. "Inequality and economic growth in China : an empirical analysis." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2004. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/607.
Full textShi, Tuo. "Regional disparities, agglomeration economy and transport infrastructure : an empirical study for China from a new economic geography perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708417.
Full textBradshaw, Michael Joseph. "East-West trade and the regional development of Siberia and the Soviet Far East." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26964.
Full textArts, Faculty of
Geography, Department of
Graduate
Crowder, Kay Baxter. "Crisis at the crossroads: the conjuncture of internal and external impediments to development in Sudan." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43395.
Full textMaster of Arts
Moodley, Pathmabathi. "The determinants of foreign direct investment to Africa : a regional perspective." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50651.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: "Private intemational capital flows, particularly foreign direct investment, are vital complements to national and intemational development efforts. Foreign direct investment contributes toward financing sustained economic growth over the long term. It is especially important for its potential to transfer knowledge and technology, create jobs, boost overall productivity, enhance competitiveness and entrepreneurship, and ultimately eradicate poverty through economic growth and development (Nunnenkamp, 2002). As a result of these associated benefits, strategies for the attraction of FDI have become an increasingly important item on a country's economic agenda. However, prior to these strategies being developed and as a result of the concentration of high FDI flows to a limited number of countries, it is important to establish those salient factors that drive FDI flows. Africa has failed to hamess onto the FDI phenomenon and as a continent attracts very little FDI inflows. To date, only a limited number of empirical studies have been done on FDI flows to Africa. The objective of this study is to establish the macroeconomic and political factors that will stimulate and increase the flows of FDI to Africa. Pooled econometrical analysis, using the Random and Fixed Effects method is used in the empirical estimation. The findings differ according to the type of model used, however, the results in general, reveal that the level of industrialisation in a country, the state of its infrastructure, the country's economic growth rate and productivity levels are important determinants of the flows of FDI to Africa. The surprising result is that political stability and the level of openness in Africa are insignificant determinants of the flows of FDI to Africa. Very few studies take into account that Africa can be classified into various regional groupings viz; North, East, West, Central and Southem Africa, with previous studies focusing mainly on North Africa and Sub Saharan Africa. An additional objective of the study was to determine the regional specific determinants that drive FDI. The findings reveal that openness is important in North Africa and Central Africa whilst the level of industrialisation significant in a North African and West African context. The state of the infrastructure network is central to FDI flows in West and Central Africa whereas political stability is the key to promoting FDI flows to East Africa. A surprising finding is that none of the tested determinants were significant in a Southern African context. The above-mentioned findings demonstrate the need for further research in terms of the country specific determinants of FDI. This will serve to advise governments in the drafting of a country's national policy agenda and selection of FDI attraction strategy, so that the benefits thereof are maximised and costs thereto minimised.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: "Private internasionale kapitaalvloei, veral direkte belegging in die buiteland, is aanvullings wat van die allergrootste belang is vir nasionale en internasionale pogings wat met ontwikkeling verband hou. Buitelandse direkte belegging (BDB) dra by tot die finansiering van volgehoue ekonomiese groei op die lang termyn. Dit is veral belangrik vir die potensiaal daarvan om kennis en tegnologie oor te dra, werksgeleenthede te skep, algehele produktiwiteit te verstewig, mededingendheid en entrepreneurskap te verbeter, en om armoede uiteindelik deur ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling uit te skakel" (Nunnenkamp, 2002). In die lig van hierdie gepaardgaande voordele, het strategieë vir die aantrekking van BDB 'n toenemend belangrike item op 'n land se ekonomiese agenda geword. Voordat hierdie strategieë egter ontwikkel word, en as gevolg van die konsentrasie van hoë BDB-vloei na 'n beperkte aantal lande, is dit belangrik om daardie vernaamste faktore wat BDB-vloei aandryf, te vestig. Afrika het versuim om die BDB-verskynsel in te span, en as 'n vasteland lok dit baie min BDB-invloei. Tot op datum is slegs 'n beperkte aantal empiriese studies oor BDB-vloei na Afrika gedoen. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die makroekonomiese en politiese faktore vas te stel wat die vloei van BDB na Afrika sal stimuleer en verhoog. 'n Poel van ekonometriese ontledings deur die metode van Stogastiese en Vaste Effekte word in die empiriese skattings gebruik. Die bevindings verskil volgens die tipe model wat gebruik word, maar die resultate oor die algemeen toon dat die vlak van industrialisasie in 'n land, die toestand van 'n land se infrastruktuur, die land se ekonomiese groeitempo en produktiwiteitsvlakke belangrike bepalers is van die vloei van BDB na Afrika. Die verbasende resultaat is dat politiese stabiliteit en die vlak van die oopheid van ekonomieë in Afrika onbelangrike bepalers van die vloei van BDB na Afrika is. 'n Geringe aantal studies neem in aanmerking dat Afrika in verskillende streeksgroeperings, nl Noord-, Oos-, Wes-, Midde-, en Suider-Afrika ingedeel kan word, met vorige studies wat hoofsaaklik op Noord-Afrika en sub-Sahara-Afrika fokus. 'n Bykomende doelwit van die studie was om die streek spesifieke bepalers wat BDB aandryf, vas te stel. Die bevindings dui daarop dat oopheid van ekonomieë in Noord-Afrika en Midde-Afrika belangrik is, terwyl die vlak van industrialisasie in die konteks van Noord-Afrika en Wes-Afrika betekenisvol is. Die toestand van die infrastruktuurnetwerk is sentraal tot BOB-vloei in Wes- en Midde-Afrika terwyl politiese slabiliteit die sleutel is tot die bevordering van BOB-vloei na Oos-Afrika. 'n Verbasende bevinding is dat geen van die getoetste bepalers in die konteks van Suider-Afrika betekenisvol was nie. Bogenoemde bevindings toon die behoefte aan verdere navorsing in terme van die spesifieke bepalers van BOB van 'n land. Dit sal dien om inligling te verstrek oor 'n land se nasionale beleidsagenda en 'n seleksie van strategie om BOB te lok, sodat die voordele gemaksimeer en die koste daarvan geminimiseer kan word.
Mumba, Mabvuto. "Analysis of volatility spillover effects between the South African, regional and world equity markets." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002691.
Full textBotha, Jacobus Lodewicus. "The New Partnership for Africa's Development : African economic growth and regional cooperation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53661.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ever since the 1960's independence move, the African continent has been faced with dire economic and social realities, which were compounded by weak political leadership and state institutions. Although various socio-economic development initiatives, such as the 1980 Lagos Plan of Action and the eventual signing of the Abuja Treaty in 1991 purposed to support Africa's integration into the global economy through export orientated production and regional economic integration, there still existed an incoherency in the strategic response from the continent's political leaders towards regional and continental economic development strategies. While the foundation for establishing an African Economic Community has been laid through the Abuja Treaty within the framework of the Organisation for African Unity, regional economic and trade integration have been fragmented, with many dual and overlapping membership of regional economic communities. Integration endeavours have also often been impeded by national and sub-regional armed conflicts, and thus did not result in the desired levels of economic growth and expected increases in trade. The exigency to address Africa's severe poverty and unemployment, while at the same time placing the continent on a path of sustainable economic growth and development, made it clear that Africa had to take ownership and responsibility for its own development, while at the same time facilitating the continent's integration into the global political, economic, trade, and financial systems. Since Africa lacks sufficient development resources, African leaders realised the importance for support from the international community through more effective debt relief strategies in facilitating targeted domestic resource mobilisation, increased levels of development aid and trade access to developed nations' markets. In 2001 Africa produced its own integrated development initiative that was embodied in the New Partnership for Africa's Development, also known as NEPAD, premised on African leadership, ownership and partnership. Through NEPAD African leaders express a commitment to accountable and transparent political, financial, fiscal and monetary management in the absence of national and regional conflict, while calling on the international community and African and international private sectors to partnership with African governments in their development endeavours. At the same time, NEPAD identified critical sectoral priorities as preconditions for development that would facilitate greater flows of foreign direct investments. As operational sphere, NEPAD relies on prominent regional economic communities to address Africa's economic disadvantages and market fragmentation through development of trade linkages, harmonisation of regulatory frameworks and further regional trade liberalisation. The emphasis is on fostering a favourable African investment environment since it is acknowledged by African leaders that a prosperous private sector and business community are to be the engines of economic growth and development. The success of NEPAD as the socio-economic development plan of the newly formed African Union relies on the strength of only three supportive pillars namely: the sustained political visionary commitment from Africa's leaders, greater investments to the continent and trade access for Africa's products, and active participation from representative sectors of the private sector. Since NEPAD is a highly ambitious initiative, it is imperative that sub-regional strategies take precedence in ensuring NEPAD's long-term success.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sedert die onafhanklikheidsbeweging van die 1960's staar die Afrika-kontinent knellende ekonomiese en sosiale realiteite in die gesig. Realiteite wat deur swak politieke leierskap en staatsinstellings vererger is. Alhoewel verskeie sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe, soos die 1980 Lagos Plan van Aksie en die uiteindelike ondertekening van die Abuja-verdrag in 1991, beoog het om Afrika se integrasie in die wêreldekonomie te steun deur uitvoer-georiënteerde produksie en ekonomiese integrasie op streeksvlak, was die kontinent se politieke leiers se reaksie op regionale en kontinentale ekonomiese ontwikkelingstrategië inkoherent. Die fondasie vir die tot stand koming van 'n Afrika Ekonomiese Gemeenskap is deur die Abujaverdrag gelê binne die raamwerk van die Organisasie vir Afrika-eenheid, maar op streeksvlak was ekonomiese en handelsintegrasie gefragmenteerd - met 'n hoë voorkoms van dubbele en oorvleuelende lidmaatskap by regionale ekonomiese gemeenskappe. Pogings tot integrasie is ook dikwels deur gewapende konflikte, nasionaal en subregionaal, belemmer. Voorts het die gewenste vlakke van ekonomiese groei en verwagte toename in handel nie gerealiseer nie. Die dringendheid om Afrika se uiterste armoede en werkloosheid aan te spreek, en terselfdertyd die kontinent op 'n pad van volhoubare ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling te plaas, het dit duidelik gemaak dat Afrika self verantwoordelikheid sal moet neem vir sy ontwikkeling, en daarteenoor die kontinent se integrasie in globale politieke, ekonomiese, handel-, en finansiële sisteme moet fasiliteer. Aangesien Afrika nie oor voldoende ontwikkelingsbronne beskik nie, het Afrika-leiers die belangrikheid besef van die internasionale gemeenskap se steun, d.m.v. meer effektiewe skuldlenigingstrategieë in die fasilitering van gefokuste plaaslike hulpbronmobilisasie, verhoogde vlakke van ontwikkelingshulp en handelstoegang tot markte van ontwikkelde nasies. In 2001 lewer Afrika sy eie geïntegreerde ontwikkelingsinisiatief wat vergestalt word in die Nuwe Vennootskap vir Afrika se Ontwikkeling (New Partnership for Africa's Development), ook bekend as Nepad, met Afrika-leierskap, -eienaarskap en -vennootskap as basis. Afrika-leiers betuig deur Nepad 'n verbintenis tot verantwoordbare en deursigtige politieke, finansiële, fiskale en monetêre bestuur in die afwesigheid van nasionale en streekskonflik, terwyl hulle die internasionale gemeenskap en internasionale en Afrika-privaatsektore nader vir vennootskap met Afrika-regerings in hulle ontwikkelingspogings. Nepad identifiseer terselfdertyd kritieke sektorale prioriteite as voorwaardes vir ontwikkeling, wat groter vloei van direkte buitelandse belegging sal vergemaklik. As operasionele sfeer, maak Nepad staat op prominente regionale ekonomiese gemeenskappe om Afrika se ekonomiese agterstande en markfragmentasie aan te spreek deur die uitbou van handelskakelings, harmonisering van regulatoriese raamwerke en verdere regionale handelsliberalisering. Die klem is daarop om 'n gunstige investeringsomgewing in Afrika te bevorder, aangesien Afrika-leiers erken dat 'n florerende privaatsektor en besigheidsgemeenskap die dryfkrag vir ekonomiese groei en ontwikkeling is. Nepad se sukses as die sosio-ekonomiese ontwikkelingsplan vir die nuut-gevormde Afrika-unie berus op die krag van slegs drie ondersteunende pilare, naamlik: die volgehoue politieke verbintenis tot die visie deur Afrika-leiers, groter beleggings in die kontinent en handelstoegang vir Afrika se produkte, en aktiewe deelname van verteenwoordigende sektore uit die privaatsektor. Met 'n hoogs ambisieuse inisiatief soos Nepad, is dit gebiedend noodsaaklik dat subregionale strategieë voorkeur geniet ten einde Nepad se langtermyn sukses te verseker.
Chigombe, Courage. "New Economic Partnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) and Africa's quest for regional economic integration: the case of Southern African Development Community (SADC)." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/2072.
Full textNel, E. L. "Regional and local economic development strategies in the Eastern Cape and guidelines for future development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005524.
Full textPieters, Carisa Simone. "Die sosio-ekonomiese impak van Saldanha staal op groter Saldanha en ongewing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52228.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT:The study focus on the Greater Saldanha and environment by evaluating the socio-economic impact of the Saldanha Steel project on the area. Major development projects, like the SSP, can create significant impact on the socioeconomic features within the region of influence. This impact affects the provision of public services (education, health services, police protection), social services (housing, transport, urban land use) as well as the fiscal features of the region. Following the National elections in 1994, the new government implemented the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP) to address social and economic problems in specific regions. The RDP was followed by the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy. Spatial Development Initiatives (SDI's), form part of the GEAR strategy and aims to address regional differences and promote sustainable long term development, economic growth and employment in the region. The West coast Investment Initiative (Well) is one of the eight SDI's that were identified. The Saldanha Steel project (SSP) is the focus project of the WCII. The initiative is a mixed industrial and agrotourism SDI. Great expectations were formed with respect to the number of employment opportunities that would be provided by the SSP, as well as the economic progress and development within the region. This study project evaluates the socio-economic impact of the SSP by focussing on the demographic aspects, social infrastructure and services, employment and income, housing and development, infrastructure provision as well as the SSP's involvement within the communities of Greater Saldanha and environment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie fokus op Groter Saldanha en omgewing deur die sosio-ekonomiese impak van die Saldanha Staal projek (SSP) op die gebied te evalueer. Groot ontwikkelingsprojekte, soos die SSP, kan 'n groot impak maak op die sosio-ekonomiese kenmerke binne die streek of area van invloed. Die impak word veral ervaar in die verskaffing van publieke dienste (opvoeding, gesondheisdienste, polisie), sosiale dienste (behuising, vervoer, stedelike grondgebruik) sowel as die fiskale karaktertrekke van die streek. Na die Nasionale verkiesing in 1994, het die nuwe regering die Heropbou en Ontwikkelingsprogram (HOP) geimplementeer om sosiale en ekonomiese probleme aan te spreek. Die HOP is in 1996 gevolg deur die "Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategie. As deel van die GEAR strategie, is Ruimtelike ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe deur die Nasionale Regering ingestel om streeksongelykhede aan te spreek en volhoubare lang termyn ontwikkeling, ekonomiese groei en werksgeleenthede te verseker vir die streek. Ag ruimtelike ontwikkelingsinisiatiewe (ROI) is ingestel, waarvan die Weskus Beleggingsinisiatief een is. Die Saldanha Staal projek (SSP) is die fokusprojek van die Weskus Beleggingsinisiatief. Die inisiatief is geidentifiseer as 'n gemengde industrieële en landboutoerisme ROI. Groot verwagtinge is geskep ten opsigte van die hoeveelheid werksgeleenthede wat geskep sal word deur die SSP, sowel as ekonomiese vooruitgang en ontwikkeling binne die streek. Die werkstuk evalueer die sosio-ekonomiese impak van die SSP deur te fokus op demografiese aspekte, sosiale infrastruktuur en dienste, indiensneming en inkome, behuising en ontwikkeling, infrastruktuurvoorsiening sowel as die SSP se betrokkenheid by die gemeenskappe van die Groter Saldanha en omgewing.
Blaauw, Abraham Lesley. "Towards a developed regional order: which way forward southern Africa?" Thesis, Rhodes University, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002970.
Full textHo, Owen Chih-Hung. "Foreign direct investment in China : determinants, effects and efficiency." University of Western Australia. School of Economics and Commerce, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0013.
Full textCoetzee, Gerrit. "Formal retail as a strategy to enhance the quality of life in marginalized communities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52851.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Of all the strategies available to help eradicate poverty and enhance the quality of life of people living in marginalized communities, the provision of a formal retail centre would not stand out as a number one strategy. Nevertheless, the Nomzamo Business Centre was built as part of a local economic development initiative to help local businesses to develop. The primary goal of this study was to establish whether the residents of Nomzamo perceived the development of the centre as a contributing factor towards improving the quality of their lives. Although the retail sector is well represented in these marginalized communities, in the form of spazas and other informal businesses, these businesses desperately lack the bearings of formality. The Nomzamo Business Centre provides a formal business premises at affordable rates, for local business people and gives them the opportunity to develop skills through business training courses and the provision of information. As the study concludes, the residents of Nomzamo perceived the centre as an enhancement towards their quality of live, even though many of them still do not make use of the centre. Established shopping habits are hard to brake especially if the centre does not provide any real magnetism. The centre failed to attract an anchor tenant and although Eskom's presence at the centre does provide some form of attraction, the benefits have not yet spilled over to the other shops. At this stage the Nomzamo Business Centre cannot be deemed a success. The centre fails to compete with local informal businesses. What is needed in most of these communities however is a change in the local economic structure. Local economies in most cases are retail based, with no or little representation in sectors like manufacturing. Although the Nomzamo Business Centre will not contribute much towards a more balanced local economy, it does provide the foundation for future changes to take place.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Van al die strategieë beskikbaar om te help met die uitwissing van armoede en die verbetering in die kwaliteit van lewe van mense wat in marginale gemeenskappe bly, sal die voorsiening van 'n formele kleinhandelsentrum beslis nie as 'n nommer een strategie bekend staan nie. Nogtans is die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum, geleë tussen die Strand en Gordonsbaai, gebou as deel van 'n plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkelingsinisiatief om plaaslike besighede te help ontwikkel. Die primêre doel van die studie was om vas te stel of die inwoners van Nomzamo, die ontwikkeling van die sentrum as 'n bydraende faktor in die verbetering van hul lewenskwaliteit waarneem. Alhoewel die kleinhandelsektor goed verteenwoordig is in die marginale gemeenskappe, in die vorm van spaza-winkels en ander informele besighede, ontbreek die besighede aan die nodige formaliteit. Die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum bied 'n formele besigheidperseel teen bekostigbare tariewe vir plaaslike besighede en gee hulle die geleentheid om vaardighede te ontwikkel, deur kursusse in besigheidsopleiding en die voorsiening van informasie. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat die inwoners van Nomzamo wel die sentrum as 'n verbetering in hul lewenskwaliteit waarneem, selfs al maak meeste van hulle steeds nie gebruik van die sentrum nie. Gevestigde inkopie gewoontes is moeilik om te verander, veral as die sentrum geen werklike aantrekking bied nie. Die sentrum het misluk in die poging om 'n anker huurder te lok en alhoewel Eskom se teenwoordigheid by die sentrum, 'n vorm van aantrekking bied, het die voordele van Eskom se teenwoordigheid nog nie na ander winkels oorgespoel nie. Op hierdie stadium kan die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum nie as 'n sukses verklaar word nie. Die sentrum misluk om met plaaslike informele besighede mee te ding. Wat egter benodig word in die gemeenskappe is 'n verandering in die plaaslike ekonomiese struktuur. Plaaslike ekonomieë is in meeste gevalle op kleinhandel gebaseer, met min of geen verteenwoordiging in sektore soos vervaardiging nie. Alhoewel die Nomzamo Besigheidsentrum nie sal bydra tot 'n meer gebalanseerde plaaslike ekonomie nie, bied die sentrum 'n platform vir toekomstige veranderinge om op plaas te vind.
Bruiners, Natasja. "Multi-purpose community centres : a local economic development strategy towards sustainable community empowerment and poverty alleviation in the Dwars River region." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53509.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: In South Africa, Multi-Purpose Community Centres (MPCCs) have been identified as the primary approach for the implementation of development communication and information as they potentially offer a wide range of services that communities can utilise for their own empowerment. This affords the community an opportunity to become more self-reliant. The new Local Economic Development (LED) policy paper (2002) highlights the mobilisation of internal resources, capacities and skills consistent with the sustainable development objectives that government is now more aggressively pursuing. Community participation and empowerment play a significant role in any community, therefore, municipalities need to create the conditions for greater public participation and empowerment. It should be done with regards to the disadvantaged or marginalised groups in accordance with the conditions and capacities in a municipality. In the Dwars River region, various services are being planned ranging from skills development to tourism, but these depend on sufficient financial aid. The nature and location of the MPCCs in South Africa makes financial sustainability difficult because the majority of them largely serve historically disadvantaged communities with limited financial resources to pay for services. It is also important to note that economic growth does not necessarily imply poverty alleviation and/or skills development as components of the government's communication and information approach. MPCCs can transform communities but will be time consuming and requires participation from all spheres of government and civil society.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In Suid Afrika was Veeldoenige Gemeenskap Sentrums geidentifiseer as die primêre benadering vir die implementering van informasie en kommunikasie programme, veral omdat hierdie progamme 'n reeks dienste aanbied, wat die gemeenskap kan benut vir hul eie bemagtiging. Dit gee aan die gemeenskap die geleentheid om meer onafhanklik te word. Die nuwe Plaaslike Ekonomiese Ontwikkelings beleidsdokument (2002) beklemtoon die mobilisering van interne hulpbronne, kapasiteit en vaardighede konstant met die volhoubare ontwikkelings objektiewe wat die regering meer aggresief nastreef. Publieke deelname en bemagtiging speel 'n kenmerkende rol in die lewens van die gemeenskap. Verder blyk dit duidelik dat munisipaliteite, publieke deelname en bemagtiging moet bevorder. Munisipaliteite moet ook kondisies vir publieke deelname en bemagtiging skep. Hierdie twee strategieë moet veral toegepas word op vorig benadeelde en gemarginaliseerde groepe en gemeenskappe in lyn met die kondisies en kapasiteit van die betrokke munisipaliteit. Die Dwarsrivier Vallei bied verskeie dienste aan wat vaardigheidsontwikkeling en toerisme insluit. Dit sal grootliks afhang van die streek se finansiële kapasiteit. Die aard en ligging van Veeldoenige Gemeenskap Sentrums in Suid-Afrika maak finansiële volhoubaarheid Gemeenskap Sentrums moeilik, bedien want die meerderheid Veeldoenige grootliks die historiese benadeelde gemeenskappe met hul beperkte finansiële hulpbronne. Dit is ook belangrik om te beklemtoon dat ekonomiese groei nie noodwendig armoede uitwissing impliseer nie, maar so eerder vaardigheidsontwikkeling (bv. Informasie Tegnologie). Veeldoenige Gemeenskap Sentrums kan gemeenskappe transformeer, maar sal baie tydrowend wees en benodig gemeenskap deelname in alle sfere van regering en plaaslike gemeenskap.
何偉鴻. "以群組分析探索中國地區經濟發展." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2554443.
Full textBoshoff, Hercules Jacobus. "Sudan’s old and new conflicts : a comparative study." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3383.
Full textRecent years have seen new ideologies and political factors being introduced into the Sudanese political landscape. The new war in Darfur has revealed that the traditional North-South conflict is not necessarily a religious war but rather a war that goes beyond religion and ethnicity. Several factors underpin the civil wars in Sudan; principally disputes over religion, identity, inequality, resources, governance, self-determination, autonomy and secession. The attempt is therefore to define the various actors, factors and issues underlying both the North-South conflict and the new war in Darfur, and to analyse and compare the differences and similarities between the two wars. Both the conflicts in Southern Sudan and in Darfur have their origin in the decay of the Sudanese state and in both cases did political marginalisation resulted in political exclusion. Another resemblance between the two wars is the acute identity crisis that resulted from the long history of stratification and discrimination. Both warring groups want to reassert their distinguishing characteristics in the respective conflicts where ‘Arab’ and ‘African’ have distinctive meanings and are used as racial, cultural, and political identities. The third similarity between the South and Darfur is the ethnic cleansing tactics and policies the Sudanese government has adopted. The differences between these two wars is that Southern Sudan has developed into a war over national resources while Darfur does not share the same strategic commodities. The second is secession. The South started as a secessionist war while neither of the rebel groups in Darfur have demanded any form of self-determination. Darfur has also seen relatively timely international attention compared to Southern Sudan. Comparing the two conflicts do reveal that neither religion nor race is at the heart of Sudan’s wars. Instead, the root of the insurgencies is largely founded upon culturally and regionally imposed economic and political marginalisation coupled with the politicization of ethnic identities. The challenge for Sudan will be to create a new consciousness of common identity and a new meaning of belonging that grants peace, dignity, development and fundamental human rights.
Zidi, Faycel. "Politiques économiques et disparités régionales en Tunisie : une analyse en équilibre général micro-stimulé." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965133.
Full text"Development and disparities among provinces in South Africa: a comparative analysis." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/2444.
Full textMany studies of regional disparity in South Africa have focused on rural and urban developmental inequality. This research essay sets out to create an exploratory understanding based on an in-depth analysis of South African provincial inequality. The analysis was done by examining the theories related to economic development and then by analysing current economic development. The purpose of this research is to determine the cause of the widening developmental gap among different provinces in South Africa. Case studies were used to examine the widening poverty gap in countries such as Indonesia, Canada and China within the context of their experiences of provincial developmental disparities. Budget allocation and programmes such as IDP and IDZ are discussed within the context of examining whether the SA provincial disparity is diverging or converging.
"Die impak van regionalisasie in Suider-Afrika op Suid-Afrika se ontwikkelingsdoelstellings." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/5910.
Full textThe main purpose and objective of this study was to evaluate and determine the impact of regionalisation in Southern Africa on South Africa's developmental goals. With regionalisation coming to the fore as a contemporary reality of the international political economy and with the importance placed on the Reconstruction and Development Plan by the South African Government, the opportinity presented itself where the dynamic impact of regionalisation could be determined and evaluated in a meaningful and relevant manner. The major research concerning regionalisation in Southern Africa focuses on either the economic viability of integration in the Southern African region, or the form of integration which should be pursued. No single study has tried to determine the possible total impact of the process of regionalisation on a specific country. This study breaches this intellectual and academic impasse by doing a multi-leveled analysis of the impact of regionalisation on South Africa's developmental goals. The motivation for this is to lead to more specific research concerning all aspects involved for all countries concerned. The emphasis falls on the holistic nature of this topic - where spesific focus is placed on the complexity and diversity of the roleplayers involved as well as the determinants which influence them. The specific methodology used was to incorporate varied forms of data-gathering, ranging from interviews with major roleplayers to literature studies. The important fact to emphasize is that regionalisation itself must be seen as a complex structure, evolving to the needs and circumstances of the countries involved. This study shows emphatically that the orthodox theory of regionalisation can not be used in the context of developing countries. This theory is based on the experiences of the European industrialised countries. Their methods of analysis is inappropriate in developing countries. It is showed that project- and functional co-operation would suit the requirements and needs of the Southern African region far better in delivering the benefits accrued through regionalisation. Using this as premiss and focussing on the develomental goals of South Africa - the probable impact of regionalisation was determined and evaluated. The Reconstruction and Development Plan and the White Paper on the Reconstruction and Development Plan was used to identify South Africa's developmental goals. Intense research was done to estimate and determine the probable impact of regionalisation, as well as the policy issues it entails, on these goals. An effort was made to integrate each aspect and sector with other sectors and to highlight the complex nature of these interrelated issues. Only broad discussion and recommendations could be drawn. But these are sufficient to lead to futher studies on each specific aspect as well as giving a broad perspective on how South Africa's development goals will be influenced by the process of regionalisation. From this study the conclusion can be drawn that there will be costs involved for South Africa's participation in regional integration. But the benefits derived from project co-operation could make it worthwhile for South Africa to implement positive policy decisions towards further regionalisation. It is important to notice the intense complexity of each sector and the influence a change in one sector will have on all others. Careful consideration should be given before any action is taken. This serves as justification for the study on the grounds that more studies of this nature is necessary for regionalisation to expand in the region, and for Southern Africa to develop as a region. The other member-countries should conduct studies of a similar nature - and through this the most appropriate policy decisions could be taken to improve the well-being of all the people in this region.
Mohlamonyane, Motshele Godfrey. "Impact of grants in the development and sustainability of entrepreneurs in the Gert Sibande District." 2014. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001742.
Full textProvision of grants by financial institutions, government units and state owned agencies is of paramount importance in the development of entrepreneurs to the level of self-sustainability. Grants should be given on merit and also according to the needs of entrepreneurs; this can be established by means of feasibility studies done by entrepreneurs and effective funding models. Gert Sibande District is a municipality within the Mpumalanga Province which can be categorised as one of the areas that has previously disadvantaged individuals and most of the areas are rural, semi-rural and declared poverty pocket areas by the Provincial Government. This study was undertaken to analyse the impact of grants on the effective development of entrepreneurs and their sustainability in Gert Sibande District of Mpumalanga Province. The capability of the entrepreneurs and the roles of the support structures in addressing this problem were explored.
"Explaining the regional disparities in China: a case study of Guangdong province." 2004. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892004.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-100).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.iii
Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation and Issues --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Contributions --- p.4
Chapter Chapter Two --- Overview of Guangdong --- p.6
Chapter 2.1 --- Geography --- p.7
Chapter 2.2 --- Openness --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- Fiscal Decentralization --- p.13
Chapter Chapter Three --- Literature Review --- p.18
Chapter 3.1 --- Literature on Economic Growth and Interregional Disparities --- p.18
Chapter 3.2 --- Literature on Inter-regional Disparities in China --- p.23
Chapter Chapter Four --- Methodology --- p.27
Chapter 4.1 --- Two concepts of convergence --- p.27
Chapter 4.2 --- Growth Equation --- p.33
Chapter Chapter Five --- Estimation Issues --- p.39
Chapter 5.1 --- Panel Data Estimation --- p.39
Chapter 5.2 --- Other Econometric Issues --- p.43
Chapter Chapter Six --- Estimation Results --- p.47
Chapter 6.1 --- σ-convergence --- p.47
Chapter 6.2 --- Unconditional β-Convergence --- p.49
Chapter 6.3 --- Estimation of the Growth Equation and Conditional β-Convergence --- p.50
Chapter 6.4 --- Summary and Interpretation of Major Findings --- p.58
Chapter 6.5 --- Guangdong's Intra-provincial Disparities in Light of the Empirical Results --- p.61
Chapter Chapter Seven --- Conclusion and Policy Implications --- p.64
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of Salient Findings --- p.64
Chapter 7.2 --- Policy Implications --- p.65
Appendix I --- p.71
Appendix II --- p.73
Appendix III --- p.75
Tables --- p.78
Figures --- p.91
Bibliography --- p.96
Burns, Paul B. "Spatial inequality in Poland, 1945-1981." 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/27405.
Full text"Regional productivity changes in China: an empirical study." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5888805.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 85-93).
Abstract
Acknowledgment
Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- A Review of Recent Studies on the Productivity of Chines Economy --- p.3
Chapter 1.2 --- Aims of Study --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 2. --- The Sources of Productivity Growth --- p.16
Chapter 2.1 --- Degree of Government Intervention --- p.16
Chapter 2.2 --- Ownership Structure --- p.18
Chapter 2.3 --- Output Structure --- p.24
Chapter 2.4 --- Changes in Regional Development Strategy --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Regional Development Strategy before1979 --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Regional Development Strategy since1979 --- p.29
Chapter 2.4.3 --- The Impacts of Different Regional Strategies on Productivity Change --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3. --- Theoretical Framework and Estimation Methods --- p.33
Chapter 3.1 --- Methed I: The Conventional Approach --- p.35
Chapter 3.2 --- Method II: Replacing the Variable of the Growth of Capital Stock by Investment-Output Ratio --- p.40
Chapter 3.3 --- Method III: Approximation of the Production Function by Taylor Expansion --- p.45
Chapter Chapter 4. --- Empirical Results of the Three Different Methods --- p.51
Chapter 4.1 --- Estimation Results of the Three Different Methods --- p.51
Chapter 4.2 --- Comparison of the Estimation Results of the Three Methods --- p.63
Chapter 4.3 --- An Assessment of Provincial Productivity Growth --- p.66
Chapter 4.4 --- Regional Productivity Difference since1979 --- p.75
Chapter Chapter 5. --- Conclusion --- p.82
References --- p.85
Appendix 1. List of the Abbreviations for Provinces --- p.94
Appendix 2. A Summary of Notations --- p.95
Appendix 3. Estimates of Provincial Capital Stock (1979-1992) --- p.97
Chapter A3.1 --- Initial value of Capital Stock --- p.98
Chapter A3.2 --- Net Increase of Capital Stock --- p.101
Chapter A3.3 --- Estimating the Annual Series of Capital Stock --- p.102
Appendix 4. The Process of Fiscal Decentralization and Deterioration of Regional Redistribution --- p.106
Chapter A4.1 --- The Process of Fiscal Decentralization --- p.106
Chapter A4.2 --- The deterioration of Regional Redistribution --- p.110
Appendix 5. Estimation Results of the Three Different Methods --- p.114
Kioa, Sione Ngongo. "Sources of economic growth in South Pacific small-island economies : Fiji and Tonga." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122680.
Full text"Public education investment and regional economic disparity in China." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894862.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-39).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Literature Review : --- p.3
Chapter 3. --- Current Status of Public Education Investment in China --- p.6
Chapter 4. --- Conceptual Framework --- p.7
Chapter 5. --- Estimating Different Capital Stock --- p.11
Chapter 6. --- Data and Main Results --- p.18
Chapter 6.1 --- Data description --- p.18
Chapter 6.2 --- Estimation and Results --- p.20
Chapter 7. --- Efficiency Analysis and Policy Recommendation --- p.27
Chapter 8. --- Conclusion --- p.33
References --- p.35
Chaiyindeepum, Soonthorn. "External shocks and macroeconomic adjustments in the Philippines and Thailand : a comparative study." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122872.
Full textHutchinson, Francis Edward. "Can sub-national states be 'developmental'? : The cases of Penang and Karnataka." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150332.
Full text"Regional service employment convergence in China." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5892824.
Full textThesis submitted in: December 2005.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 55-58).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.iii
Chapter Chapter One - --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter Chapter Two - --- Literature Review
Chapter 1. --- Convergence --- p.8
Chapter 2. --- Methodology Review on Regional Disparity of Service Employment --- p.13
Chapter 3. --- Regional Service Employment Convergence in Great Britain --- p.17
Chapter Chapter Three - --- Methodology --- p.21
Chapter Chapter Four - --- Empirical Results
Chapter 1 . --- Stationarity of Service Employment --- p.29
Chapter 2. --- Stochastic Convergence of Service Employment --- p.33
Chapter Chapter Five - --- Conclusion --- p.36
Appendix A --- p.41
Appendix B --- p.42
Appendix C --- p.43
Tables --- p.48
Bibliography --- p.55
Rosenberg, Lior. "Policy implementation in contemporary rural China : the case of the village redevelopment program." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/155910.
Full textBaur, Daniela. "Aspects of the international political economics of regional trade : comparative perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10185.
Full textSub-Saharan African governments have long expressed their support for increased intra-African trade, but official statistics show that this type of trade. remains Iess than 5% of the total. The continued emphasis on establishing supranational organisations to direct regional trade Iiberalisation through. phased tariff reductions is symptomatic of the strategies dominating most. deliberations on regional integration. Despite the continuing proliferation of multilateral treaties, protocols and resolutions concerned with promoting regional trade, intra-African exchange has stagnated. Recorded barter in Africa's major sub-regional communities has not significantly increased between the late 1970's and today (Barad, 1990: 102). The reason for this absence of progress in the promotion of intra-African trade is most clearly expressed in the fact that Sub-Saharan Africa is experiencing its worst economic crisis to date. According to Williams (1993: 5-6) this crisis is manifested in foreign .debt, poverty and trade.deficits. These conditions are the result of the following: deteriorating terms of external trade, the rise in debt-servicing obligations relative to both export earnings and gross domestic product, climatic conditions such as drought, civil wars and regional disputes, the lack of infrastructure and the overvaluation of African currencies, government and privatesector corruption, and the inability of African states to respond to the oil crisis of 1979-1980. Naldi (1989: 2) adds the neglect of the agricultural sector, unfeasible . industrial programmes, and wasteful prestige projects as factors contributing to the economic crisis. African states have of necessity turned to the industrial nations of the First World for their image and development, since these communities have the technology and finances fundamental to development. This may be themain reason that 95% of all African trade occurs outside the African continent However, African leaders. have long recognised the need for closer regional ties as a way of overcoming the fragmentation of the continent, one of the major constraints on economic development. Ndulo (1992: 17) claims that the economic integration of Africa was the centr8llheme of the 1980 Lagos ?Ian of Action and numerous other high-level statements and reports on African policy and development strategy. Economic integration is perceived by many African states as the ultimate type of regional economic collaboration, and as a promising vehicle for enhancing economic and social development, This idea is reinforced by the relative success of integration in Western Europe and through the United States-Canadian Free Trade Agreement.
Gong, Honge. "Empirical essays on spatial price differences and income mobility in urban China, 1986-2004." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150927.
Full text"Spatial inequality of social well-being in urban China and its implications on urbanization policies." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5886859.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1991.
Includes bibliographical references.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.ii
List of Illustrations --- p.v
List of Tables --- p.vii
List of Appendix --- p.ix
Chapter
Chapter 1. --- "INTRODUCTION: THE PROBLEMS, OBJECTIVE AND ITS SETTING" --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Urbanization as a current subject of great concern --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Urbanization Policies in China --- p.2
Chapter 1.3 --- Shift of social concern to social well-being (SWB) in national development --- p.5
Chapter 1.4 --- The problems --- p.6
Chapter 1.5 --- Objective of this study --- p.8
Chapter 1.6 --- The scope of the study --- p.9
Chapter 1.7 --- The organization of the remainder of the thesis --- p.9
Chapter 2. --- CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND --- p.11
Chapter 2.1 --- Definition of Spatial inequality --- p.11
Chapter 2.2 --- Types of spatial inequalities and different levels and units of analysis in China --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Definition of Social Well-being --- p.16
Chapter 2.4 --- Ingredient of Social Well-being --- p.16
Chapter 2.5 --- The present selection of the ingredient of SWB --- p.18
Chapter 2.6 --- Characteristics of welfare goods allocation in China --- p.22
Chapter 2.7 --- Two approaches in measuring spatial inequalities of SWB --- p.25
Chapter 2.7.1 --- Single component approach --- p.26
Chapter 2.7.2 --- Integrated approach --- p.27
Chapter 3. --- RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.32
Chapter 3.1 --- Procedure of analysis --- p.32
Chapter 3.2 --- Assumptions and approximation --- p.34
Chapter 3.3 --- Techniques of analysis and Treatment of Data --- p.35
Chapter 3.3.1 --- Measuring spatial inequality via single variable --- p.35
Chapter 3.3.2 --- Establishing the composite index of SWB --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.3 --- Unit of analysis (UOA) and level of aggregation (LOA) --- p.41
Chapter 3.3.4 --- Analyzing the association between the composite index and some economic variables --- p.45
Chapter 4. --- SPATIAL INEQUALITY IN SEVERAL WELFARE INDICATORS OF CHINESE CITIES IN THE 1980s --- p.48
Chapter 4.1 --- Spatial inequality by single indicators --- p.48
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Income and Wealth --- p.48
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Living facilities --- p.63
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Education --- p.69
Chapter 4.1.4 --- Medical facilities --- p.72
Chapter 4.2 --- Summary --- p.76
Chapter 5. --- SPATIAL PATTERN OF SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF CHINESE CITIES IN THE 1980s --- p.78
Chapter 5.1 --- Spatial pattern of social well-being of individual citie --- p.78
Chapter 5.2 --- Results of different levels of aggregation of UOA --- p.105
Chapter 5.2.1 --- SWB by City-class level --- p.105
Chapter 5.2.2 --- SWB by provincial level --- p.107
Chapter 5.2.3 --- SWB by Economic regions level --- p.110
Chapter 5.3 --- Summary --- p.113
Chapter 6. --- POSSIBLE FACTORS AFFECTING INEQUALITY OF URBAN SWB AND IMPLICATIONS ON CHINA'S URBANIZATION POLICIES --- p.116
Chapter 6.1 --- Economic factors -- Influence of economic variables on urban SWB --- p.116
Chapter 6.2 --- Policy factor - the formation of the urban SWB pattern --- p.123
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Differentials of urban development due to biased priorities and conceptualization of cities --- p.124
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Urbanization policies -- population control polic --- p.132
Chapter 6.2.3 --- The population control policy and the welfare services provision --- p.139
Chapter 6.3 --- Examples -- the stories of two provincial capitals --- p.141
Chapter 6.3.1 --- Lanzhou --- p.142
Chapter 6.3.2 --- Kunming --- p.148
Chapter 6.4 --- Implication on China's urbanization policies --- p.151
Chapter 7. --- "SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH" --- p.158
Chapter 7.1 --- Summary of findings --- p.158
Chapter 7.2 --- Limitations of this study --- p.164
Chapter 7.3 --- Directions for further research --- p.167
Appendix
Bibliography
Legodi, Tshepo Victor. "The role of housing associations in meeting housing needs and upgrading the socio-economic conditions of low-income people." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2497.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1998.
Mokolobate, Olibile Patience. "Critical assessment of the extent to which the Provincial Government's development programmes are succeeding in reducing regional unemployment : a case of the North West Province's Central Region / Olibile Patience Mokolobate." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11454.
Full text(MBA) North-West University, Mafikeng campus, 2006
Roberts, Benjamin. "Chronic and transitory poverty in post-apartheid South Africa : evidence from KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/5388.
Full textThesis (M.Sc.U.R.P.)-University of Natal, Durban, 2000.
Wolhuter, Caroline. "Prospects for global city development in central Gauteng." Thesis, 1995. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26629.
Full textThis discourse investigates nature and the needs of global city development. It does this, through both theoretical and empirical research into this phenomenon, peculiar to the late twentieth century. The first part of the work explores the theoretical underpinnings of 'global city thesis'. and its host dominant critique, the 'dual city thesis'. Following this, an empirical assessment of the concept's relevance to Southern Africa's development is performed. For this purpose, the most dominant locality in the region, Central Gauteng, is analysed in terms of its potential for, and the problems involved with global city development in a middle-income country. It is found that global city development here would be desirable for both Central Gauteng and the greater SADC. By establishing Central Gauteng as a global city, the region would be empowered to take greater control over its economic destiny. The path this development would, by necessity take, is the promotion of the locality as the 'Gateway to Africa'. Based on this orientation several development planning proposals are presented.
Andrew Chakane 2019
"Rural industrialization and increasing inequality in China." Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5895707.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-67).
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Rural Reforms in China after 1978 and the Regional Development of Rural Enterprises --- p.5
Chapter 2.1. --- Historical Background --- p.5
Chapter 2.2. --- China's Rural Enterprises and Regional Development --- p.9
Chapter 2.3. --- Description of the Regions Included in the Study --- p.13
Chapter 3. --- Rural Income Inequality in China after 1978: A Brief Literature Review --- p.21
Chapter 4. --- The Methodology and Data --- p.27
Chapter 4.1. --- The Generalized Entropy Measures --- p.27
Chapter 4.2. --- Inequality Decomposition by Factor Components --- p.29
Chapter 4.3. --- Extension of Shorrocks´ة Decomposition Rule --- p.33
Chapter 4.4. --- An Asymptotically Distribution-Free Test for Inequality Index and its Decomposed Components --- p.35
Chapter 4.5. --- The Data --- p.36
Chapter 5. --- Empirical Results and Policy Implications --- p.39
Chapter 5.1.a. --- "Rural Income Inequality Trends for Shanxi, Guangdong and Gansu Derived from County-Level Data" --- p.40
Chapter 5.l.b. --- "Factor Decomposition Analyses for Shanxi, Guangdong and Gansu Using County-Level Data" --- p.41
Chapter 5.1.c. --- "Between- and Within-Province Factor Decomposition Analysis Using Pooled County-Level Data for Shanxi, Guangdong and Gansu" --- p.47
Chapter 5.1.d. --- Between- and Within-County Factor Decomposition Analysis Using Township and Village Level Data for Shanxi --- p.49
Chapter 5.2. --- Discussion and Policy Implications --- p.53
Chapter 6. --- Summary --- p.58
REFERENCES --- p.63
APPENDIX
Chapter 1. --- Derivation of the Extended Shorrocks' Decomposition Rule --- p.68
Chapter 2. --- Derivation of the Asymptotic Distributions of Inequality Index and Its Decomposed Components --- p.69
Chapter 3. --- The Double Counting Problem of GVO and GVI --- p.84
Chapter 4. --- The Data Set --- p.87
TABLES
FIGURES
Shabalala, Dumisani Sipho Derrick. "Intergovernmental fiscal relations in South Africa." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/4239.
Full textThesis (M.Com.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.
Spies, Yolanda Kemp. "Prospects for political integration in Southern Africa." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16097.
Full textPolitical Science
M.A. (Politics)
"A study of non-hukou migration in the Pearl River Delta of China in the 1990s." 2000. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5890547.
Full textThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-166).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii
ABSTRACT --- p.iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi
LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix
LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x
Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Research Questions --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Research Objectives --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Definitions --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Research Design --- p.9
Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of the Thesis --- p.11
Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY AND THE LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.13
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.13
Chapter 2.2 --- Background of the Study --- p.15
Chapter 2.3 --- Literature Review --- p.28
Chapter 2.4 --- Summary --- p.38
Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- SPATIAL PATTERNS OF NON-HUKOU MIGRANTS IN THE PEARL RIVER DELTA --- p.41
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.41
Chapter 3.2 --- Proportion of Non-hukou Migrants --- p.44
Chapter 3.3 --- Distribution of Migrants --- p.47
Chapter 3.4 --- Sources of Migrants --- p.50
Chapter 3.5 --- The PRD as a Destination --- p.56
Chapter 3.6 --- Gender Ratio of Non-hukou Migrants --- p.64
Chapter 3.7 --- Spatial Patterns and Correlation of Migration Indicators --- p.67
Chapter 3.8 --- Summary --- p.79
Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- ANALYZING THE DETERMINANTS OF NON-HUKOU POPULATION IN COUNTY-LEVEL AREAS --- p.83
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.83
Chapter 4.2 --- Method --- p.84
Chapter 4.3 --- Variables --- p.86
Chapter 4.4 --- The Results --- p.90
Chapter 4.5 --- Summary --- p.102
Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- IMPACTS OF NON-HUKOU MIGRANTS AND THE POLICY RESPONSES --- p.104
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.104
Chapter 5.2 --- The Trend of Non-hukou Migrants in PRD --- p.106
Chapter 5.3 --- Positive Impacts --- p.110
Chapter 5.4 --- Negative Impacts --- p.115
Chapter 5.5 --- Policy Responses --- p.121
Chapter 5.6 --- Summary --- p.139
Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION --- p.142
Chapter 6.1 --- Non-hukou Migration in PRD --- p.142
Chapter 6.2 --- Policy Responses --- p.147
Chapter 6.3 --- Suggestions for Further Research --- p.150
REFERENCES --- p.152
"中国地市官员籍贯与当地公共物品提供." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549339.
Full textLiterature on local government behavior in transitional China has primarily examined the impact of formal institutions on the motivations of officials in promoting local economic growth. In particular, investigations focused on how the existing personnel management system provides a “yardstick competition among local officials and therefore guarantees the success of economic reform. Meanwhile, such formal institutions have similarly been studied for the crucial reason that local government ignores the provision of public goods. Nevertheless, even after controlling the influence of formal institutions and socio-economic factors, variations could still be observed on the level of efforts among local governments regarding the provision of public goods. However, these variations cannot be sufficiently explained by existing literature. This research, based on prefectural data in China in 1990-2010, aims to fill this gap through a systematic examination of the effects of informal institutions on local government behavior, especially the casual relationship between the hometown of officials and the provision of local public goods. This research, based on prefectural data in China in 19902010, aims to fill this gap by systematically examining the effects of informal institutions on local government behavior, especially the casual relationship between the hometown of officials and the provision of local public goods. This study finds that holding other variables equal, a native prefectural leader would significantly increase fiscal expenditure rates on basic education, public health, and environmental protection in his jurisdiction, compared with a leader with a different hometown. However, the increased expenditure on public goods impacts those on infrastructure construction, which tends to incur a lower expenditure rate from a local leader compared with that of an official from other prefectures. Meanwhile, using provincial data, this research determines that informal institutions influence the upper-level government, though the effects have weakened. These findings reveal that, in an environment dominated by formal institutions, informal institutions still influence the behavior of officials. In addition, to a certain extent, informal institutions could mitigate the negative effects of formal institutions on the behavior of officials. Based on empirical findings, I used two cases and several interviews with local people and officials to further investigate the mechanism of this influence from informal institutions. By analyzing the efforts of native leaders on promoting the provision of local public goods, I illustrate the mechanism on how the informal institution shapes the behavior of officials, thereby providing evidence for a casual causal relationship. I attribute such pattern to the constraints of local reputation imposed on native officials, who would be deeply embedded in local personnel networks and therefore focus on the evaluation from local people. Local reputation thus imposes additional constraints on the behavior of native officials, which serves as a kind of bottom-up accountability. By investigating the effects of informal institutions and the interaction of formal-informal institutions, this research would help deepen our understanding on the dynamics of institutions under nondemocratic regimes and enable more accurate predictions of political behavior.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
王芳.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-154).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in Chinese and English.
Wang Fang.
Chapter 第1章 --- 引言 --- p.1
Chapter 第2章 --- 制度及官员行为:一个综述 --- p.10
Chapter 2.1 --- 制度 --- p.10
Chapter 2.1.1 --- 正式-非正式制度的划分标准 --- p.11
Chapter 2.1.2 --- 非正式制度发挥作用的机制 --- p.14
Chapter 2.2 --- 正式制度与官员行为 --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.1 --- 当代中国的人事管理制度 --- p.18
Chapter 2.2.2 --- 人事管理制度的影响 --- p.30
Chapter 2.2.3 --- 人事管理制度与公共物品供给 --- p.35
Chapter 2.3 --- 非正式制度与官员行为 --- p.37
Chapter 第3章 --- 地方政府公共物品供给 --- p.46
Chapter 3.1 --- 地方政府概况 --- p.46
Chapter 3.1.1 --- 各级政府的性质、地位和职能 --- p.47
Chapter 3.1.2 --- 地级市政府:历史沿革 --- p.51
Chapter 3.1.3 --- 地级市政府:决策过程 --- p.54
Chapter 3.2 --- 公共物品供给的法律规定及各级政府职责 --- p.62
Chapter 3.3 --- 经济学文献上的中国公共物品供给研究 --- p.72
Chapter 第4章 --- 籍贯:一个非正式制度 --- p.76
Chapter 4.1 --- 官员籍贯回避制度 --- p.76
Chapter 4.1.1 --- 帝制中国的避籍制度 --- p.77
Chapter 4.1.2 --- 当代中国的避籍制度 --- p.84
Chapter 4.2 --- 籍贯与官员行为 --- p.89
Chapter 第5章 --- 数据及实证分析 --- p.93
Chapter 5.1 --- 数据及模型 --- p.93
Chapter 5.2 --- 实证结果及讨论 --- p.103
Chapter 5.3 --- 非正式制度对省级政府行为的影响 --- p.109
Chapter 第6章 --- 因果机制:案例研究 --- p.114
Chapter 6.1 --- 案例分析 --- p.114
Chapter 6.1.1 --- 山东省东营市市委书记石军 --- p.115
Chapter 6.1.2 --- 甘肃省兰州市市委书记陈宝生 --- p.120
Chapter 6.2 --- 访谈资料 --- p.124
Chapter 6.2.1 --- 宁夏回族自治区固原市 --- p.125
Chapter 6.2.2 --- 江苏省南京市 --- p.127
Chapter 6.2.3 --- 内蒙古自治区兴安盟 --- p.129
Chapter 6.2.4 --- 浙江省绍兴市 --- p.131
Chapter 6.3 --- 本地籍贯的约束机制 --- p.133
Chapter 第7章 --- 结论 --- p.137
Chapter 7.1 --- 研究发现 --- p.137
Chapter 7.2 --- 本文贡献 --- p.139
附录 --- p.142
Chapter 附录一: --- 《党政领导干部任职回避暂行规定》 --- p.142
Chapter 附录二: --- 石军简历 --- p.144
Chapter 附录三: --- 陈宝生简历 --- p.145
参考文献 --- p.146
英文文献 --- p.146
中文文献 --- p.151
史书典籍 --- p.153
法律法规 --- p.153
媒体资源 --- p.154
Botchway, Samuel Asare. "Towards people's participation and rural development : the case of Kudumane District." Diss., 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15602.
Full textDevelopment Studies
M.A. (Development Administration)