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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Africa and the Americas'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Adams, Aaron M. "Climatology and Variability of Aerosol over Africa, the Atlantic, and the Americas." Scholarly Repository, 2011. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/273.

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Using Vertical Feature Mask (VFM) data from Cloud - Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), I have documented 3-dimensional (3D) structures in occurrence probabilities of aerosol over a broad region of Africa, the Atlantic, Europe, and Americas. The 3D structures illustrate the seasonal means and seasonal cycle in the zonal and meridional variability of the vertical profiles of mineral dust, biomass burning smoke, and polluted dust (external mixture of dust and smoke), and their emissions sources and transport pathways. Emission sources vary by geographical location. The persistent Saharan dust source is evident throughout the year and observed and recorded by CALIPSO 70-80% of the time over Africa. Horizontal and vertical occurrence of dust is variable in time with maximum heights and westward transport occurring in boreal summer and minimum heights and transport occurring in boreal winter. The southern African biomass burning source is also evident throughout the year, through westward transport over the Atlantic is only evident in boreal summer and fall; mixing with dust over the continent limits westward transport of pure smoke to the continent in winter and spring. Other smaller smoke and dust sources are discussed. The role of the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in limiting the southward transport of dust and northward transport of smoke over Africa is demonstrated. Surprisingly, the highest probability of polluted dust is found in the ITCZ, even though the probabilities of dust and smoke are low. Wind trajectories reveal smoke of southern African origin is transported northward at the lower levels, but rarely penetrating through ITCZ rainband while Saharan dust is transported southward at higher levels, crossing the ITCZ frequently. This quasi-circulation of aerosol is shown to be the mixing mechanism of dust and smoke into polluted dust in the area of the ITCZ.

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2

Perreault, Melanie Lynn. "First contact: Early English encounters with natives of Russia, West Africa, and the Americas, 1530-1614." W&M ScholarWorks, 1997. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623910.

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In recent years, the field of comparative history has enjoyed a resurgence of popularity as scholars attempt to understand the past in a global context. This study examines the early period of English exploration of the Atlantic world and the confrontation of English men and women with natives of geographically distinct regions. By comparing English interactions with Russians, West Africans, and North and South Americans during the contact period, this dissertation argues that the mutually constructed dialogue between the visiting English and the natives of each region was a struggle for power and control. In their efforts to construct the natives as being both recognizable and inferior, the English utilized contemporary notions of class and gender not only to understand the people they encountered, but as a strategy to make the natives submissive.;While the English noted that the natives of each region had different skin color, notions of racial hierarchy were not fixed in the sixteenth century. In fact, the English were more threatened by similarity than by difference during their early encounters. Convinced that they were a unique and superior people, the discovery of Russia as a distorted image of English society was cause for great consternation among the English visitors. In an effort to distance themselves from the apparently barbarous Russians, the English suggested that despite their outward signs of "civility," the Russian people had a fundamental flaw that allowed them to accept tyranny and oppression.;Despite their belief in the superiority of their society, the English focus on economic matters above all else during the first-contact period forced them to act within the parameters of native cultures. Not only did the English have to come to terms with the demands of unfamiliar environments, but they often had to meet the demands of native peoples. Natives in each region held considerable power based on their military prowess and their monopoly on local trade and information about the area. as vital allies, trading partners, and informants, the natives recognized their power and manipulated the English visitors at every opportunity.

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3

Batista, Henrique Medeiros. ""Africa! Africa! Africa!" Black Identity in Marlos Nobre's Rhythmetron." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586866469586654.

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4

Ngwenya, Nomfundo Xenia. "Blacks without borders : African-Americans and South Africa 1984-2007." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608616.

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5

Wallace, Barbara Elizabeth. "'Fair daughters of Africa' : African American women in Baltimore, 1790-1860 (Maryland)." Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?res_dat=xri:ssbe&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_dat=xri:ssbe:ft:keyresource:G_Rel_Diss_02.

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6

Christiano, Katrina Ann. "Gaming among Enslaved Africans in the Americas, and its Uses in Navigating Social Interactions." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626619.

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7

Marouan, Maha. "The construction of religion and history in selected contemporary works of the African Americas." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431882.

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8

Broyles, Teresa Ann. "A Journey from West Africa to Slavery: African-American Life During the Eighteenth-Century." W&M ScholarWorks, 1993. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1593092167.

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9

Ojewale, Olugbenga Samson Mr. "America’s Inconsistent Foreign Policy to Africa; a Case Study of Apartheid South Africa." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3439.

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This study lays bare the inconsistencies in the United States of America’s Foreign Policy, and how it contributed to the longevity of apartheid in South Africa. Michael Mandelbaum opined that America’s foreign policy post-Cold War era drifted from containment to transformation.1 America became involved with transferring their democracy and constitutional order to the countries they entangled with in running those countries’ internal governance. Instead of war, America preached and practiced proper, organized governance. Thus, America’s foreign policy to Europe and Asia post-Cold War was all about democracy and protection of fundamental human rights. However, the role of America’s Foreign Policy in Africa took a turn in Africa, with Congo in 1960, Ghana in 1966 and Nigeria with their successive military regimes. This study intends to make sense of it all.

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10

Higgin, Hannah Nicole. "Disseminating American ideals in Africa, 1949-1969." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709221.

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11

Tinga, Tracy. "From Afro pessimism to Africa Rising: Anglo-American & Afro Media Representations of Africa." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/573560.

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Media & Communication
Ph.D.
This dissertation interrogates the representation of Africa as rising by examining the conditions that have led to the shift from an Afro pessimistic discourse to a more propulsive one. To do so, it examines how “Africa Rising” functions as a discourse articulated through transnational news networks, global financial, development, business organizations and Afrocentric digital platforms. It analyzes the recurring tropes, symbols and language used to signify the notion of “rising”, how various social actors are involved in the articulation of this discourse, the countries on the continent labelled as “rising”, which ones are not and why? It examines the conditions that have enabled the emergence of this discourse, and how they relate to other discourses. It examines the role of Afropolitans on the continent and the diaspora in the production and dissemination of this discourse through emerging Afrocentric digital platforms. Finally, it analyzes the tensions, contradictions and absences within this discourse and its implications for African countries. To address these questions, the rising discourse is theoretically contextualized within neoliberal globalization and development discourses, South-South relations, Postcolonial, journalism, digital media, and identity frameworks, to reveal the nuanced way that it articulates various ideological assumptions and the intersectional dimensions of race, gender and class in the production of the continent. Methodologically, this project applies a multi-sited critical discourse analysis, to a variety of news media texts from Anglo-American media, Afrocentric digital platforms and institutional reports. It also examines how various institutions deploy the notion of “Africa Rising.” Finally, this study includes interviews with content producers of Afrocentric digital platforms, to understand if and how they engage and situate their work within the “Africa Rising” discourse. This dissertation reveals that the Africa Rising discourse contradicts itself as it homogenizes the continent whilst pushing a neoliberal agenda that excludes countries within the continent that fail to adopt this agenda. It also reveals the tensions of neoliberalism on the continent, as countries with various profiles and histories struggle to adopt these policies. It reveals how various global social actors continue to influence affairs within the continent. Finally, it reveals the role that Afrocentric digital platforms are influencing perceptions about the African continent and how these platforms are intertwined with the neoliberal agenda.
Temple University--Theses

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12

Leanne, Shelly. "African-American initiatives against minority rule in South Africa : a politicized diaspora in world politics." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259982.

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13

Wills, Mary Jo. "Analysis of the Appointment of the First African American Ambassador to Apartheid-Era South Africa." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/70875.

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This study applies the metaphor of two-level games to generate explanations of how and why President Reagan chose to appoint Edward J. Perkins ambassador to South Africa. It explored the relationship between national and international factors that may have influenced Reagan's decision, as well as his policy preferences, beliefs and values. International factors included U.S.-South Africa relations, alliances, international organizations, and transnational movements for human rights and racial equality. Among the domestic factors were the dynamics between the executive and legislative branches of government, interest groups, and activism. National and international politics and policies overlapped in four areas' "strategic interests, race, morality, and national values. Analysis of the evidence suggests that while international events were an important part of the context of the decision, domestic politics and the President's own views had the most influence on the decision. The Perkins appointment exemplified how a personnel selection might reaffirm national reconciliation of opposing views on race, ethnicity, democratic values and national interests.
Ph. D.

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14

Arunga, Marcia Tate. "Back to Africa in the 21st Century: The Cultural Reconnection Experiences of African American Women." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch149315357668899.

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15

Jones, Esther. "Traveling discourses: subjectivity, space and spirituality in black women’s speculative fictions in the Americas." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1155665383.

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16

Burns, Carolyn Diane. "The relevance of African American singing games to Xhosa children in South Africa a qualitative study /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/burns/BurnsC0509.pdf.

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In post-apartheid South Africa there has been a strong emphasis on teaching traditional music in the schools. Previously the music was greatly influenced by Western European and English systems. New standards were developed in the Arts and Culture Curriculum 2005. The purpose of this study was to explore how children in South Africa could be taught African American singing games, their perception and preferences, and how these songs would meet the new standards. A qualitative study was conducted with 69 Xhosa children in grades five and six at Good Shepherd Primary School in Grahamstown, South Africa. The learners were introduced to three African American singing games of which they had no prior knowledge. The songs were taught in the South African traditional manner; i.e., singing and moving simultaneously. Interviews were subsequently conducted with 47 learners and 5 families. The primary school teachers also provided information informally. The learners related their knowledge of African American singing games compared to their traditional Xhosa singing games and other music. They recognized a relationship between African American slavery and the apartheid era. A learner's preference of song was directly related to his previous experience with a Xhosa children's song or traditional music used for rites and rituals. Interviews with the teachers and parents were very positive indicators that the African American singing games should be included in the curriculum. Parents remembered and sang Freedom Songs and they indicated the need for their children to learn about other African cultures. The outcome of this study may provide South African teachers with materials to introduce African American folk music as an applicable source of multicultural music with African origins. The study suggests successful ways in which we teach multicultural music.

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17

Kamali, Leila Francesca. "Spectres of the shore : the memory of Africa in contemporary African-American and Black British fiction." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4110/.

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This study considers the approach in recent African-American and Black British fiction toward the cultural memory of Africa. Following a brief consideration of the relationship between contemporary conceptions of African-American and Black British cultural identities, I examine the ways in which the imaginative journeys and geographies, evoked by the ideals of Africa and 'Africanness', are employed in the negotiation of historical memory, and in the endeavour to situate black identity in the context of contemporary American and British society. My discussion addresses these questions, initially, in four novels by African-American writers: Ishmael Reed's Mumbo Jumbo (1972), Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon (1977), Alice Walker's The Color Purple (1983), and John Edgar Wideman's Philadelphia Fire (1990). I argue that African-American writers situate a memory of an African past within an African-American present, through a form of historical memory which is sensitive not only to tradition, but also to the practice of 'possession'. This fluid form of memory, characteristic of a voodoo tradition, and also, these writers suggest, of a diversity of African-American artforms, allows knowledge of African tradition to be situated within the American present, but is broadly denied by an American trend of forgetfulness toward the past, and devalued by institutionalised racism. African-American texts present uses of language in which the linguistic and the pre-linguistic realms are felt to be continuous with one another, in response to an American language which is centrally occupied by the fraught relationship between black and white Americans. The second half of this study examines the memory of Africa in three Black British works, including Caryl Phillips's Crossing the River (1991), S.1. Martin's Incomparable World (1996), and Bernardine Evaristo's Lara (1997). I suggest here that Black British authors employ the cultural memory of Africa not as an inheritance which is connected to a known 'tradition', but as one of a diverse number of inheritances which are negotiated as part of the process of situating identity as flexible, individual, and unfinished. The memory of Africa is figured as frozen in the past, along with a range of other cultural inheritances, which are taken up and redramatised in the present as part of an attempt to recover the inherent diversity at the heart of an oppressive British fiction of linearity, and of uniform 'whiteness'. Where Britain, historically, has been silent on Britain's black presence, Black British writers simply speak into that silence. Emerging from this fruitful comparison between the two literatures is a sense of the contrasting approaches which are made by black writers toward notions of tradition and the performance of identity, in the context of two very different national histories, and as part of fundamental strategies of survival employed in contemporary social settings. These dramatisations are interrogated against continuous issues of race and racism, but also as diverse solutions for identity where national contexts bear a contrasting significance in an age which is increasingly globalised, and in which imperial power has shifted, and continues to shift, between Britain and America.

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18

Grant, Nicholas George. ""We shall win our freedoms together" : African Americans, South Africa and black international protest, 1945-1960." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12750/.

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Focusing on the United States and South Africa from 1945 to 1960 this thesis examines how African American and black South Africans navigated internationally organised state repression during the Cold War. Through a close alliance based around shared anticommunist and white supremacist ideologies, the United States and South African governments sought to actively prevent black international criticism of their racial practices in this period. This work engages with and builds upon existing 'Cold War civil rights' historiography by individuals such as Mary L. Dudziak, Brenda Gayle Plummer and Thomas Borstelmann. Through extensive archival research in South Africa as well as the United States, it will provide a truly transnational account of how black activists and government forces in South Africa shaped Cold War discourses on race. This research also contributes to broader theoretical discussions relating to black international history. Through a gendered analysis of global black protest this thesis addresses historiographical gaps that have failed to account for the way in which specific constructions of black masculinity and femininity shaped black international solidarities. This thesis will argue that through carefully orchestrated international campaigns for racial justice, African Americans and black South Africans continued to place pressure on white governments throughout the height of anticommunist oppression during the early Cold War. While not wanting to downplay the damaging influence state repression had on the lives of African Americans and black South Africans, it will examine how black activists in both countries managed to maintain their political agency when operating in an increasingly hostile environment. By examining the considerable amount of time, money and effort invested into restricting black international protest, I will demonstrate how the U.S. and South African governments were forced to respond, reshape and occasionally reconsider their racial policies in the Cold War world. Whilst this did not result in the dismantling of apartheid, or immediately bring an end to U.S.-South African Cold War alliance, this determination of African Americans and black South Africans to protest globally provides a transnational example of how, to paraphrase Stuart Hall's famous phrase, hegemonizing was hard work.

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19

Hutchinson, Tsekwa Jennifer. "'Travelling Tales' : American (re)constructions of South Africa and Africa through study abroad in Cape Town." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14804.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-138).
Postcolonial theory has been critiqued for essentializing the North and being too theoretical. Yet it has also been described as essential for the ongoing decolonization of our world. Scholars in a range of disciplines have therefore suggested the need to 'examine specific practices and devises in particular times and places' in order to expose and challenge the ways that certain forms of discourse function to maintain imperialist interests and misrepresentations of Africa in the 'West.' To these ends, this study looks at the construction of early European/American travelers' tales and the experience of study abroad in South Africa as two particular practices that are relevant to the concerns of postcolonialism. While much has been written about each of these phenomena on their own, little has been done to bring them into a conversation with each other. To fill this gap, this dissertation draws on narrative analysis, symbolic convergence theory, discourse analysis and postcolonial theory to explore the dominant narratives that emerge in the pre-trip, embodied trip and post-trip tellings of both types of tales. In order to discover the meaning-making processes of these narratives, qualitative methods were used. Firstly, an extensive literature review was undertaken of early travelers' tales (written between 1600 and 1900), images of Africa in the United States, travel and tourism theory and study abroad literature. Eight focus groups and six one-on-one interviews were then conducted with a total of 36 American students, who were either directly enrolled at the University of Cape Town or participants in the School for International Training (SIT) in Cape Town. These interviews were then followed up with email correspondence once the students had returned home. This study found that while study abroad narratives have enormous potential to challenge the negative and inaccurate stereotypes about Africa in the United States, many strains still exist that mirror the rhetoric of early travelers' tales and promote notions of Africa as 'wild', 'dangerous' and 'underdeveloped' and South Africa as the 'light' version of Africa. However, in contrast to the writers of early travelers' tales, the students who participated in this study demonstrated many more instances of critical self-reflection and desire for change.

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20

Dow, Philip Edward. "The influence of American evangelical missionaries on US relations with East and Central Africa during the Cold War." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607676.

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21

Orr, Rodney H. "African American missionaries to East Africa, 1900-1926 : a study in the ethnic reconnection of the Gospel." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26827.

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The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact African American missionaries had on the ethnic reconnection between African Americans and East Africans. Their role in the evangelization of Africa has long been overlooked by historians and this research seeks to correct this disparity. Well before the end of slavery in the USA there was a desire among African Americans to send missionaries to Africa. Approximately 600 of these missionaries went to Africa between 1820 and 1980. Seventy-five percent went to West Africa, 50% went to Liberia alone. The remaining 25% went to South, Central and East Africa. The missionaries who went to East Africa (i.e. Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania, Malawi and Eastern Zambia) are the focus of this research. This research begins with a historical overview of African American missions. George Liele was the first documented African American missionary from the USA. Liele went to Jamaica from Savannah, Georgia in 1783. Lott Carey, who went to Liberia in 1821, was the first African American Baptist missionary to Africa. The purpose of this overview is to give the reader a context from which to comprehend the subsequent chapters. The next three chapters represent the major body of this research. They identify the key factors that motivated African American missionaries to go to East Africa. Factors such as calling from God, race, African identity and education are evaluated. The preparatory training of these missionaries is evaluated as is the external influences of Brooker T. Washington and J.J. Coles. The similarities in ancestry, race and some cultural expressions of music are contrasted with differences in education and views of western culture. African perceptions of these missionaries are evaluated along with the perceptions of western missionaries and colonial officials. A discussion of their attitudes towards Islam and African traditional religions is included as is an evaluation of the reasons why they returned to the USA. The changes these missionaries experienced in their cultural understanding of East Africa influenced their understanding of African identity, the gospel and their desire to return to Africa. Their readjustments to American culture are evaluated along with how they maintained their connection with East Africa through letters, literature, fund-raising, and helping Africans come to the USA for education.

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22

Murray, Robert P. "Whiteness in Africa: Americo-Liberians and the Transformative Geographies of Race." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/23.

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This dissertation examines the constructed racial identities of African American settlers in colonial Liberia as they traversed the Atlantic between the United States and West Africa during the first half of the nineteenth century. In one of the great testaments that race is a social construction, the West African neighbors and inhabitants of Liberia, who conceived of themselves as “black,” recognized the significant cultural differences between themselves and these newly-arrived Americans and racially categorized the newcomers as “white.” This project examines the ramifications for these African American settlers of becoming simultaneously white and black through their Atlantic mobility. This is not to suggest that those African Americans who relocated to Liberia somehow desired to be white or hoped to “pass” as white after their arrival in Africa. Instead, the Americo-Liberians utilized their African whiteness to lay claim to an exotic, foreign identity that also escaped associations of primitivism. This project makes several significant contributions to scholarship on the colonization movement, whiteness, and Atlantic world. Importantly for scholarship on Liberia, it reestablishes the colony as but one evolving point within the Atlantic world instead of its usual interpretative place as the end of a transatlantic journey. Whether as disgruntled former settlers, or paid spokesmen for the American Colonization Society (ACS), or visitors returning to childhood abodes, or emancipators looking to free families from the chains of slavery, or students seeking medical degrees, Liberian settlers returned to the United States and they were remarkably uninterested in returning to their formerly downtrodden place in American society. This project examines the “tools” provided to Americo-Liberians by their African residence to negotiate a new relationship with the white inhabitants of the United States. These were not just metaphorical arguments shouted across the Atlantic Ocean and focusing on the experiences of Americo-Liberians in the United States highlights that these “negotiations” had practical applications for the lives of settlers in both the United States and Africa. The African whiteness of the settlers would function as a bargaining chip when they approached that rhetorical bargaining table.

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Jones, Esther L. "Traveling discourses subjectivity, space and spirituality in black women's speculative fictions in the Americas /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155665383.

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24

Hyman, Zoe Laura. "American segregationist ideology and white Southern Africa, 1948-1975." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/39449/.

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This thesis examines the relationship between segregationist organisations, publications and individuals in the United States and their pro-apartheid counterparts in southern Africa. It uncovers a sustained and extensive foreign policy of segregationists that has hitherto been overlooked and a relationship between the countries that goes beyond existing analyses of Cold War cooperation or comparative studies of the countries' racial systems. When the civil rights movement began, steadfast segregationists in the American South looked further afield for support, inspiration and ideological affirmation of their belief in white supremacy. They found this in South Africa and its apartheid policies as well as in other right-wing organisations and individuals outside the American South. Through the archives of segregationist organisations, civil rights organisations, anti-communist groups, individuals, governmental records and newspapers, this thesis charts the journey southern segregationists took from the creation of massive resistance in 1954 – a movement focused on regional problems – to a dramatically less isolationist standpoint one decade later. By 1965, white southern Africa had really captured the imagination of segregationists, alliances had been forged and when massive resistance failed, segregationists did not retreat from their international agenda. Although South Africa was a focal point of segregationists' attention during massive resistance, they also became committed to white rule in Rhodesia after 1965. This thesis examines the groups across America that supported the isolated bastions of white supremacy in southern Africa and demonstrates that the Cold War alliance between U.S. and southern African governments inadvertently helped to maintain and conceal the racism that drove segregationists to form fruitful links in southern Africa. The tangible and ideological links segregationists made abroad internationalised a concept of white supremacy in which race trumped nationality. This global white supremacy has endured and reveals that segregationists were not insignificant reactionaries with a short lived movement but people who affected race relations in the long term.

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Grimm, Kevin E. "Symbol of Modernity: Ghana, African Americans, and the Eisenhower Administration." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1334240469.

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26

Mkhize, Gabisile. "African Women| An Examination of Collective Organizing Among Grassroots Women in Post Apartheid South Africa." Thesis, The Ohio State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3710319.

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This dissertation examines how poor black South African women in rural areas organize themselves to address their poverty situations and meet their practical needs – those that pertain to their responsibilities as grandmothers, mothers, and community members – and assesses their organizations' effectiveness for meeting women's goals. My research is based on two groups that are members of the South African Rural Women's Movement. They are the Sisonke Women's Club Group (SSWCG) and the Siyabonga Women's Club Group (SBWCG). A majority of these women are illiterate and were de jure or de facto heads of households. Based on interviews and participant observation, I describe and analyze the strategies that these women employ in an attempt to alleviate poverty, better their lives, and assist in the survival of their families, each other, and the most vulnerable members of their community. Their strategies involve organizing in groups to support each other's income-generating activities and to help each other in times of emergency. Their activities include making floor mats, beading, sewing, baking, and providing caregiving for members who are sick and for orphans. I conclude that, although their organizing helps meet practical needs based on their traditional roles as women, it has not contributed to meeting strategic needs – to their empowerment as citizens or as heads of households.

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27

Wilkin, Jeremy. "A marriage of convenience : Pax Americana, the African renaissance and the policing of Post-Cold War Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3682.

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Smith, Kenneth. "The American “Civilizing Mission:” The Tuskegee Institute and its Involvement in African Colonialism." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38832.

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Master of Arts
Department of History
Andrew Orr
Many historians believe that the United States did not play a major role in the European colonial affairs of Africa. The “civilizing mission” in Africa was largely a European matter that the United States did not have any involvement in and instead stayed out of African affairs. However, this is in fact not true. Industrial education was a new way of managing and “civilizing” African populations after the global end of slavery and the archetype of industrial education was in Tuskegee, Alabama at the Tuskegee Institute. The Tuskegee Institute was the pinnacle of industrial education. Students came not just from the United States, but from around the world as well to learn a trade or improved technologies in agriculture. It allowed students to attend the school for free in exchange for working the farms at the school and general upkeep while training them to be better farmers and tradesmen. On the surface, it offered an avenue for blacks to carve their own economic path. Implicitly, however, it did not offer African Americans and Africans a path towards upward mobility as it continued to relegate them to menial labor jobs and worked within the confines of the established racial hierarchy in which blacks were not granted the same opportunities as whites, in this instance it was education. This thesis argues that the Tuskegee Institute’s (now Tuskegee University) method of industrial education became an influential model for managing the African colonies via industrial education and that the United States was thus more involved in the “civilizing mission” than previously thought. The Tuskegee Institute first ventured into Africa when it assisted the German Colonial Government in Togo in establishing industrial education which helped to develop infrastructure and modern technology in the colony. Second, I examine Tuskegee’s role in Liberia as it established the Booker Washington Institute which is still in existence today. Lastly, I illustrate the diverse effects of the Tuskegee Model of education in Africa and how it correlated to Tuskegee education in the United States and how events in both Africa and the United States led to the collapse of the Tuskegee Model.

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Howard, Lawrence C. "American involvement in Africa south of the Sahara, 1800-1860." New York : Garland Pub, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/18629170.html.

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Monroe, Alicia. "The mass media effect American perception and attitude toward Africa /." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6623.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 98 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-45). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.

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31

Tiondi, Evaline. "Women, Environment and Development: Sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America." Scholar Commons, 2000. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000028.

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32

Ukiru, Judi Minage. "Acculturation experience of Africa immigrants in the United States of American." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2127.

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The conclusions extracted from this research project show that little research has been done on social issues presented by the African immigrant to America. Those charged with public welfare research and intervention must develop tools and strategies necessary to assess the needs of African immigrants, to facilitate their improved adjustment to their environment. African immigrants in the United States can benefit from similar research designs and resources accorded to the Latino and Asian populations.

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33

Martin, Maria A. "Underestimated Influences: North Africa in Classical Antiquity." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301936096.

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34

Mkhize, Gabisile Promise. "African Women: An Examination of Collective Organizing Among Grassroots Women in Post Apartheid South Africa." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1357308299.

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35

Jordan, Donald L. "Changing American assessments of the Soviet threat in Africa: 1975-1985." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/21190.

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36

Brown, Kyndall Allen. "Culture, identity, and mathematics creating learning spaces for Africa-American males /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1866445251&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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37

Alford, Kwame Wes. "A prophet without honor : William Leon Hansberry and the origins of the discipline of African studies (1894-1939) /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901212.

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38

Okumu, Frederick W. "Ethnic groups and U.S. foreign policy: An analysis on the African American influence on congressional foreign policy initiatives toward South Africa." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1992. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3226.

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The general thrust of this research was to determine to what degree and how ethnic groups in the United States influence Congressional foreign policy-making process. To do this, the research focused on the African-Americans' influence on Congressional foreign policy initiatives toward South Africa. Specifically, the research determined, measured, and analyzed the statistical significance between the African-American policy preference and in-puts, and the Congressional roll-call votes on the Anti-Apartheid legislations of 1985 and 1986. In summary, this research followed this pattern: (a) We first looked at the group under study by identifying its interests and policy preferences; (b) We described the linkages between the group and the policy makers; (c) We analyzed the decision making process and activities of the group in attempting to affect that process; (d) We described the decision/policy output and compared it to the interests and policy preferences of the African-Americans; {e) We also described and analyzed other factors which might have influenced the policy output; and (f) We concluded that the African-Americans influenced Congressional foreign policy initiatives toward South Africa.

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39

Anderson, Garnett Murphy II. "Examining causes of poverty in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1882.

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40

Pedersen, Jennifer. "Sisters resist! : women's peace activism in West Africa and North America." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/208b63b8-4163-47ce-a511-323561cfb352.

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This thesis examines the Women in Peacebuilding Program (WIPNET) of the West Africa Network for Peacebuilding (WANEP) and the Raging Grannies, two current women’s movements at the frontlines of organizing for peace in their respective contexts. Based on fieldwork in West Africa and North America, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and content analysis of relevant documents, the thesis locates these groups within the wider politics of both the feminist movement and the peace movement. The thesis draws on three bodies of literature: feminist international relations, especially literature on women and war, feminist analyses of security and the relationship between militarism and patriarchy; peace studies, especially the concepts of the “positive” and “negative” peace, conflict transformation, and nonviolence; and social movement theory, especially in reference to collective identity and tactical repertoires of protest. The thesis investigates the relationship between “women”, “motherhood”, “feminism” and peace, concluding that, while women peace activists may organize around gendered identities, the relationship between women and peace is more complex than an essentialist position would propose. A detailed analysis of the tactical repertoires used by women peace activists examines activists’ gendered use of bodies and the manipulation and exploitation of gender and age stereotypes. This is followed by an analysis of the internal and external outcomes of activism, such as personal empowerment, collective identity formation, and policy impacts. The study concludes that women peace activists operate on understandings of “peace” and “security” that are distinct from those of mainstream actors; that they manipulate, challenge, and subvert gender stereotypes; and they use a range of protest and peacebuilding tactics, some of which attract reprisals from the state. Women’s peace activism also creates new political opportunities for women to express opposition to patriarchal militarism, thus challenging the marginalization of women within international and national politics on issues of peace and security. Following Cynthia Cockburn (2007), the thesis draws conclusions not about what women’s peace activism definitively is, but rather what it can look like and what it might achieve.

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Alston, Booker Thomas. "Transatlantic Latter-day Saints: Mormon circulations between America and South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12720.

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Includes bibliographical references.
"Transatlantic Latter-days Saints" is an analysis of Mormonism in South Africa from a history of religions perspective. Contextualizing the Mormon experience in South Africa, the central concern of this dissertation is whether or not the religion's history in the country should be defined as distinctly American. By tracking historical transatlantic circulations, mapping changing territories, and utilizing the comparative strategies of scholars such as Jonathan Z. Smith and David Chidester, this study documents and analyses the changing associations of South African Mormonism with America. In some instances, such as its nineteenth-century practice of polygamy and its twentieth century policies of racial prejudice, Mormonism appears to be more at home in South Africa than in America. In other areas, such as the contributions made by Mormon missionaries during the 1930s in the organization and development of the game of baseball in South Africa, the religion utilized its American heritage to contribute to its advantage as well as to the Americanization of South Africa. While these case studies yield conclusive outcomes, others, such as the historical mapping of the life and legend of Gobo Fango, display the complexity of tracking transatlantic circulations between America and South Africa. This dissertation demonstrates that despite Mormonism's location on the periphery of South Africa and South Africa's peripheral position within Mormonism, the transatlantic circulations that link America, Mormonism, and South Africa raise issues that are often of central concern to both countries and to the religion. By attending to Mormon circulations between America and South Africa, this dissertation develops alternative perspectives on such important areas of study as nineteenthcentury missions, slavery, policies of racial discrimination, and American popular culture.

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Albanese, Ciriaco Gerardo. "Black on black : visions of America from African-Americans /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ara326.pdf.

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43

Harning, Jeannie. "The South African lobby in America: the battle over sanctions." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002989.

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The relationship between South Africa and the United States was, historically, quite mutually profitable. The South African government regarded the United States as an ally in the world and sought continued friendship with them. The United States was mildly critical of the South African system of apartheid, but they, however, viewed South Africa as an ally. During the 1980's the relationship between the two countries became strained as the anti-apartheid voices in the United States grew louder and louder. The movement sought to end the atrocities of apartheid and change American foreign policy toward South Africa. The strongest diplomatic means available to them was imposing economic sanctions on South Africa in an attempt to force political change in the country. The anti-apartheid movement lobbied extensively gaining support among the American pub1ic and eventually the U.S. Congress. The sanctions campaign culminated in the enactment of the Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act (CAAA) of 1986. Prior to the enactment of the CAAA the South African government and its allies launched their own campaign in an attempt to combat the imposition of sanctions. Lobbying played a key role in the process for those on both sides of the issue. For the anti- apartheid movement, lobbying was effective on the American public and the U.S Congress. For the South African government lobbying was effective on the conservative right wing and President Reagan and his administration.

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44

Selby, Amy Lynn. "Africa in Cleveland: Colonial Wars and Perceptions of Race and Empire in American Newspapers." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337651968.

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45

Flannery, Maria Ifetayo. "Locating 'Africa' Within the Diaspora: The Significance of the Relationship Between Haiti and Free Africans of Philadelphia Following the Haitian Revolution." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2016. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/381869.

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African American Studies
Ph.D.
The purpose of this study is to produce an Africological model that lends attention to epistemological questions in African diaspora research through theoretical and culturally based analysis, ultimately to aid the historical and psychological restoration of Africans in diaspora. This work reflects the theoretical and historic stream of scholarship that centers geographic Africa as the adhesive principle of study in shaping and understanding the cultural and political ally-ship between different African diasporic communities. My aim is to illustrate what Africa represents in diaspora and how it was shaped in the conscious minds and actions of early Africans in diaspora from their own vantage point. Secondly, through a case study of the intra-diasporic relationship between Haiti and free Africans of Philadelphia following the Haitian Revolution, this work lays precedence for the expansion of an African diasporic consciousness. The significance of the intra-diasporic relationship is in the mutual recognition that Haitians and Africans in North America considered themselves a common people. Moreover, they developed an international relationship during the early 19th century to serve their mutual interest in African freedom and autonomous development despite Western expansion. My research locates Africa as the place of origin for dispersed and migrating African diasporic communities, operating as a binding source. In this study Africa is explored as a cognitive and geo-political cultural location for African people in diaspora. I support that African diasporic communities exist as extended African cultural locations of awareness which can and have been negotiated by communities depending on their agency, support, and circumstance to achieve collective goals.
Temple University--Theses

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46

Rapoo, Connie. "Figures of sacrifice Africa in the transnational imaginary /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1610482411&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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47

Abimbola, Taiwo. "Malaria, Labor Supply, and Schooling in Sub-Saharan Africa." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/588.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the causal effects of malaria and poor health in general on economic outcome in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study uses panel data from the Living Standard Measurement Survey (LSMS) for Tanzania from 1991 to 2004. Three main hypotheses are tested. First, the study evaluates the effect of malaria and other chronic illnesses on labor supply using the number of hours worked per week as a measure of outcome. Second, it determines the impact of poor health on human capital accumulation by measuring the number of weekly school hours lost to illness. The third objective deals with the question of whether changes in preconditioning factors such as income levels and healthcare accessibility have improved the disease environment in Sub-Saharan Africa over time. The study uses several identification strategies in the empirical estimation process. The first estimation strategy applies the standard Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Fixed Effects (FE) estimators to the schooling and labor supply models. In addition to OLS and FE, the preferred methods of estimating the causal effects of malaria on schooling and labor supply outcomes are Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) and Limited Information Maximum Likelihood (LIML). Findings in this study suggest that malaria significantly increases school absenteeism. In particular, 2SLS and LIML estimates of the number of school hours lost to malaria suggests that children sick with malaria are absent from school for approximately 24 hours a week. However, the results show the effect of malaria on work hours is inconclusive. Furthermore, difference in difference estimates of the disease environment show slight improvements in the disease environment resulting from changes in income levels. The study finds no statistically significant improvements in the disease environment due to increases in the number of health facilities over time.

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48

Clark, Myra, and E. Mann. "Perspectives About Responsibility for Diabetes Management Among Rural African American Women." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2017. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8368.

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49

Austen, Benjamin. "Raceball : African Americans and myths of America in baseball literature." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18419.

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This paper will examine moments in literature where the narratives of baseball as American myth and those involving African Americans converge, moments where authors confront (either consciously or not) the implications of both narratives within the same shared space. It is at these moments of convergence that the mythic language surrounding the game and its interaction with African Americans are thrown into dramatic relief. A myth, says Roland Barthes in his Mythologies, is a kind of "metalanguage," a narrative which refers to and talks about another narrative; it is at least twice removed from any referent which exists in reality. "What is invested in the concept," writes Barthes, "is less reality than a certain knowledge of reality." Examining this space will reveal how myths operate and continue to affect an understanding of personal and national identities, especially since this space involves the intersection of the emblematic discourse of baseball with a black presence that appears to question the very tenets of established national memory.

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50

Pye, David Kenneth. "Legal subversives African American lawyers in the Jim Crow South /." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2010. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3396343.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2010.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 25, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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