Journal articles: 'AFNM'

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Cruz Valeriano, Edgar, José Juan Gervacio Arciniega, Christian Iván Enriquez Flores, Susana Meraz Dávila, Joel Moreno Palmerin, Martín Adelaido Hernández Landaverde, Yuri Lizbeth Chipatecua Godoy, Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta, Rafael Ramírez Bon, and José Martín Yañez Limón. "Stochastic excitation for high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging: a system theory approach." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (May 4, 2020): 703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.58.

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In this work, a high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging technique is developed in order to obtain the local indentation modulus at the nanoscale level. The technique uses a model that gives a qualitative relationship between a set of contact resonance frequencies and the indentation modulus. It is based on white-noise excitation of the tip–sample interaction and uses system theory for the extraction of the resonance modes. During conventional scanning, for each pixel, the tip–sample interaction is excited with a white-noise signal. Then, a fast Fourier transform is applied to the deflection signal that comes from the photodiodes of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipment. This approach allows for the measurement of several vibrational modes in a single step with high frequency resolution, with less computational cost and at a faster speed than other similar techniques. This technique is referred to as stochastic atomic force acoustic microscopy (S-AFAM), and the frequency shifts of the free resonance frequencies of an AFM cantilever are used to determine the mechanical properties of a material. S-AFAM is implemented and compared with a conventional technique (resonance tracking-atomic force acoustic microscopy, RT-AFAM). A sample of a graphite film on a glass substrate is analyzed. S-AFAM can be implemented in any AFM system due to its reduced instrumentation requirements compared to conventional techniques.

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Blumberg, Renata, Helga Leitner, and Kirsten Valentine Cadieux. "For food space: theorizing alternative food networks beyond alterity." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23026.

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In response to calls by scholars to deepen theoretical engagement in research on Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), in this article we critically discuss and assess major theoretical approaches deployed in the study of AFNs. After highlighting the strengths and limitations of each theoretical approach, we provide an alternative framework – which we refer to as the Geographical Political Ecology of Food Systems – that integrates the contributions that have emerged in the study of the alternative geographies of food with an understanding of capitalist processes in the food system. We do this by bringing together literature on the political ecology of food systems and multiple spatialities, including Doreen Massey's understanding of space as a heterogeneous multiplicity and Eric Sheppard's conceptualization of sociospatial positionality. We utilize research on agrarian change and AFNs in Eastern Europe to elaborate this approach. We argue that this new perspective helps navigate tensions in AFN scholarship, and provides new avenues for research and action. We focus particularly on the ability of AFNs to provide a sustainable livelihood for participating farmers, thus far a neglected topic in AFN research in Europe.Keywords: Alternative Food Networks, Eastern Europe, spatialities, positionality, livelihoods

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Sureau, Solène, François Lohest, Joris Van Mol, Tom Bauler, and Wouter M. J. Achten. "How Do Chain Governance and Fair Trade Matter? A S-LCA Methodological Proposal Applied to Food Products from Belgian Alternative Chains (Part 2)." Resources 8, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030145.

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Alternative food networks (AFNs) have emerged to improve both environmental and socio-economic aspects of food provisioning, including the living and working conditions of farmers. Their objectives are supposed to be mediated through the shortening of chains and/or the implication of alternative value chain actors (VCAs). Through the application of a social life cycle assessment methodological proposal on two products from three Belgian AFNs, we first verify how the AFNs meet sustainability promises. Second, we investigate how such social sustainability of the assessed products is influenced by the differentiated configurations of chain governance in the AFNs. Such a discussion of root causes of social sustainability performances in product chains have been investigated very little as of yet. Our results show that AFN perform well in some aspects (consumer aspects, work satisfaction, social ties between VCAs), but in some others, AFN chains use similar mechanisms as the ones used by mainstream chains (unbalanced market power, unfair prices, and low commitment between VCAs), with potentially detrimental effects on profitability and employment conditions for VCAs located upstream, i.e., farms. Our framework is useful to highlight social hotspots in product chains, and to discuss these across the differences in the configurations of the chain layout and—in the end—chain governance.

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De Bernardi, Paola, Alberto Bertello, Francesco Venuti, and Enrico Foscolo. "How to avoid the tragedy of alternative food networks (AFNs)? The impact of social capital and transparency on AFN performance." British Food Journal 122, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0537.

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PurposeAlternative food networks (AFNs) have recently emerged in the food landscape as new ways of food production, distribution and consumption which are alternatives to the traditional food system. Drawing on the tragedy of the commons, this paper aims to test the role played by social capital and transparency in reducing customer's lethargy and thus enhancing AFN performance in terms of frequency and quantity of purchases made by customers.Design/methodology/approachAn ordered probit model was used to analyse data from a strong database of 2,115 Italian AFN customers. Given the novelty of the topic, the quantitative survey was anticipated by a preliminary qualitative study based on in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observation.FindingsCustomers play an active role in AFN communities, co-creating value together with the other actors of the network. The two independent variables tested in this model, social capital and transparency, positively and significantly affect customers' quantity and frequency of purchases within AFNs, reducing the occurrence of the tragedy of commons.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this study represents one of the first attempts to measure, through a quantitative method, the effect of performance drivers (i.e. social capital and transparency) on AFN performance. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications will be thoroughly presented and discussed along the paper.

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Pratley, Erin Maureen, and Belinda Dodson. "The spaces for farmers in the city: A case study comparison of Direct Selling Alternative Food Networks in Toronto, Canada and Belo Horizonte, Brazil." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v1i1.22.

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The current focus of Alternative Food Network (AFN) literature in the global North overlooks the reality of Southern AFNs and the potential contributions from studying Southern case studies. In this research, we used interviews and observation to determine how the differing valuations of ‘local’ food and farmers in two case study locations, one in the global North (Toronto, Canada) and one in the global South (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), affected the physical, economic, and political spaces in the city for farmers participating in the AFNs. The geographical concepts of scale, space and place are central to understanding Alternative Food Networks (AFNs). Drawing on work by Cook and Crang (1996) on ‘geographical knowledges’, we examined how farmers and consumers reinforced and constructed different narratives of ‘local’ food, which was valued by affluent consumers in Toronto but not by affluent consumers in Belo Horizonte. In Toronto, farmers operated in physical spaces that put them in contact with affluent consumers, and they were able to take advantage of both at market and off market economic spaces. In Belo Horizonte, farmers were relegated to marginal physical spaces, and had limited economic and political power. There were broader social justice implications related to whether the AFN operated mainly within affluent or marginal spaces. These case studies demonstrate that the scale, space and place are actively constructed, and certain constructions privilege some actors over others in the AFN and within the city.

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Lacerda, D. L. P., F. Ptak, and R. Prioli. "Nanomechanical characterization of porous materials by atomic force microscopy." MRS Advances 3, no. 44 (2018): 2719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.475.

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AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation were used to characterize poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with a wide distribution of pores. Pores with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to few micrometers were measured by AFM and cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) mapping of the elastic modulus were correlated with the samples topography and pore distribution. The elastic moduli of the samples were additionally measured by nanoindentation.

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Erler, Mirka, and Christoph Dittrich. "Middle Class, Tradition and the Desi-Realm—Discourses of Alternative Food Networks in Bengaluru, India." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072741.

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It has repeatedly been claimed that persistent traditional agriculture and marketing in countries of the Global South, such as India, are a fruitful basis for the foundation of alternative food networks (AFNs). However, literature on AFNs in the Global South is scarce and it thus remains uncertain how the appropriation of traditional agri-food practices plays out. We conducted semi-structured expert interviews with representatives of 14 AFNs in Bengaluru, India, in order to explore their aims and approaches. We found that there is a high variety of different AFNs in the city. One salient discourse among the representatives was that the agri-food system can be improved by a revitalization of tradition. In this paper, we discuss the implications of this conviction on representatives of AFNs. Traditionalism, we argue, does rather represent a deflection from achieving the stated goals of the AFN, namely the improvement of the livelihood of Indian farmers.

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SU, WEITAO, HONGLEI DOU, DEXUAN HUO, GUOLIN YU, and NING DAI. "CHARACTERIZING LOCALIZED STRAIN OF IN0.83Al0.17As/In0.83Ga0.17As DETECTOR USING LOW FREQUENCY ATOMIC FORCE ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 01 (February 2016): 1550110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15501103.

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Localized strain accumulation and related defects strongly affect the performance of optoelectronic detectors. However, characterizing distribution of the localized strain and defects still challenges usability and spatial resolution of many measurements. In current study, the defects and surface strain accumulation of In[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text]As/In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As multilayer detectors are investigated using low-frequency atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) and Raman spectroscopy. With AFAM, the strain accumulation and defects can be easily identified and measured with spatial resolution as good as that of atomic force microscope (AFM).

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Bruce, Analena B., and Rebecca L. Som Castellano. "Labor and alternative food networks: challenges for farmers and consumers." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 5 (October 21, 2016): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051600034x.

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AbstractAlthough alternative food networks (AFNs) have made strides in modeling socially just and environmentally sound agrifood system practices, the next step is to make these innovations available to more people, or to increase participation in AFNs. However, there are several barriers to expanding the impact of AFNs. The labor intensity of producing and consuming foods in AFNs is sometimes overlooked but poses a significant challenge to alternative agrifood systems’ long-term viability. This paper brings together two independently conducted empirical research studies, one focused on sustainable food production and one focused on food provisioning in the sphere of consumption. Farmers engaged in small-scale alternative food production are investing significantly more time in maintaining the health of their soils by practicing crop rotation, growing a greater diversity of crops and building organic matter with cover crops and compost. Because much of this work is unpaid, the added labor requirements pose an obstacle to the financial viability and social sustainability of alternative production methods. On the consumption side, the labor intensity of food provisioning for women engaged in AFNs, combined with other socio-demographic factors, at times, constrains AFN participation. By identifying the ways in which labor may limit the ability of AFNs to expand to a larger portion of the population, this paper helps shed light on ways of increasing the environmental, social and health benefits of AFNs.

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HAVADI-NAGY, Kinga Xénia. "ROA CLUJ: REKO TYPE SUSTAINABLE MARKETING NETWORK IN ROMANIA." Territorial Identity and Development 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23740/tid220211.

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The trend of sustainable consumption induces a change in the marketing strategies, applying a marketing type that promotes the culture of quality, and employs the principles of eco-rationality in choosing the tools of interaction with the consumers. The originally Finnish REKO (abbreviation of the Swedish “Rejäl Konsumtion”, meaning “Fair Consumption”) model of alternative food network (AFN) is a perfect example of implementing the principles of sustainable marketing. This survey focuses on ROA (Roade Online din Ardeal; Fruits/Harvest from Transylvania online), a REKO type direct marketing network, based in Cluj -Napoca, Romania. The aim of the study is to assess the chances and challenges of this type of AFN in the Romanian context. For this, we analyse the opportunities and impediments of development, and the cost and benefits of the AFN for the involved producers. The objective of the survey is to reveal the potential contribution of AFNs to sustainable production, marketing, and distribution of local products. The applied qualitative research is based on (1) an interview with a coordinator of the investigated initiative, (2) a survey among the involved producers, (3) participant observation as consumer, (4) informal discussions with the AFN stakeholders , and (5) secondary data analysis . As conclusions, we can state that Romania holds significant resources for the implementation of AFNs due to numerous favourable circumstances, such as the rising demand for qualitative local and regional products, and the willingness of consumers and producers to get involved in direct marketing networks. However, grassroot initiatives of direct marketing face administrative and legal challenges. The lack of real support of public policies, the weakly developed idea of self-government, and not firmly established in practice, confine the short food supply chains to a niche phenomenon.

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HAVADI-NAGY, Kinga Xénia. "Alternative Food Networks in Romania – Effective Instrument for Rural Development?" Journal of Settlements and Spatial Planning SI, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 15–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jsspsi.2021.8.03.

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"Recent public policies in the European Union foster a new multifunctional agricultural model, which, besides the food production function of farms, address the ecological, cultural, and social services they deliver, so that agriculture may contribute to an overall rural development. These benefits are produced mainly by small-scale farmers, which are less intensive and focusing on diversification. Alternative food networks (AFN) are the result of an amalgam of socio-cultural and economic phenomena, one main aim of these initiatives being the support of smallholders. This study reflects upon the chances and challenges of AFNs in the Romanian context, based on the existing initiatives emerging under the current socio-political and economic circumstances. The objective of the survey is to reveal the growth possibilities of AFNs and their potential contribution to the appreciation of small-scale agriculture and a sustainable, liveable rural area. The survey relies on data from previous research, the up-to-date websites and social network platforms of the investigated initiatives, informal discussions with AFN stakeholders, and the observations conducted by the author as a consumer of AFNs based in Cluj-Napoca. For the applied policies and policy recommendations, we consulted the main national policy documents and rural development strategies. We can conclude that Romania holds significant resources for the implementation of alternative food networks due to numerous favourable circumstances. However, to become an efficient tool of rural development, we see a need of improvement in accessibility, institutional and policy support, as well as in the education of producers and consumers in the spirit of sustainable consumption. "

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Opitz, Ina, Kathrin Specht, Annette Piorr, Rosemarie Siebert, and Ingo Zasada. "Effects of consumer-producer interactions in alternative food networks on consumers’ learning about food and agriculture." Moravian Geographical Reports 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mgr-2017-0016.

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Abstract In the recent literature, Alternative Food Networks (AFN) are discussed as a promising approach, at the urban-rural interface, to meeting the challenges of the current agri-food system. Consumer-producer collaboration is seen as a characteristic feature in this context. What is lacking, however, are general concepts for describing the topics of consumer-producer interactions (CPI). The present study aims (1) to develop an analytical framework relying on six CPI domains and (2) to apply it to investigate CPI effects on consumers’ learning about and appreciation of agriculture. We conducted 26 guided interviews with consumers and producers of the three most frequent AFN types in Germany: community-supported agriculture (CSA), food coops, and self-harvest gardens. The results show that AFN participation enhances consumers’ learning about food (seasonality, cooking/nutrition, housekeeping aspects) and agricultural production (farmers’ perspectives, cultivation). Our results show that consumer’s learning is influenced by certain CPI domains, and each AFN type can be described by distinctive CPI domains. This led to the conclusion that specific AFN types open up specific learning channels and contents, with consumers learning from producers. AFNs at the urban-rural interface exploit knowledge of rurality.

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Goszczyński, Wojciech, Ruta Śpiewak, Aleksandra Bilewicz, and Michał Wróblewski. "Between Imitation and Embeddedness: Three Types of Polish Alternative Food Networks." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247059.

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The purpose of this article is to present the specific character of Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) in Poland as one of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). We refer to the issue increasingly debated in the social sciences, that is, how to translate academic models embedded in specific social contexts to other contexts, as we trace the process of adapting ideas and patterns of AFNs developed in the West to the semi-peripheral context of CEE countries. Drawing on the theory of social practices, we divide the analysis into three essential areas: The ideas of the network, its materiality, and the activities within the network. We have done secondary analysis of the research material, including seven case studies the authors worked on in the past decade. We distinguish three network models—imitated, embedded and mixed—which allow us to establish a specific post-transformational AFN growth theory. Particular attention should be paid to the type of embedded networks, as they highlight the possibility of local and original forms of AFNs. Mixed networks show that ideas imported from abroad need to be considered in juxtaposition and connection with local circumstances.

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Younis, Mohamed, Waleed Youssef, Mohamed Eltoweissy, and Stephan Olariu. "Safe Quality of Service Aware Management of Heterogeneous Sensor Networks." Journal of Interconnection Networks 07, no. 01 (March 2006): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219265906001661.

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Wireless networked sensors are envisioned to play a vital role in the emerging pervasive service platforms that will instrument a wide range of next generation civil and military applications. Recently, we have proposed ANSWER: AutoNomouS Wireless sEnsor netwoRk as a service platform whose mission is to provide dependable information services to in-situ mobile users while satisfying their quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Alongside with the stationary tiny sensors, the network employs more powerful mobile devices referred to as aggregation and forwarding nodes (AFNs). ANSWER exploits AFN mobility to support QoS requirements. However, as an AFN moves closer to an event (for example, a hazardous spill), it may be at risk (for example, due to potential damage). In this paper, we present a quantitative analysis of the interplay and balance between QoS support and asset safety. We propose a new scheme, called SAFER (for SAFEty-aware Relocation), which pursues relocation of the AFN in order to boost network performance without unnecessarily compromising AFN safety. For the relocation process to take place, SAFER uses historical data on detected events and employs an evolutionary neural network to assess the risk involved and predict good quality new position(s). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of SAFER.

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Hussein, E. H., H. M. Hussein, K. A. Mohammed, R. S. Zbibah, A. J. Alrubaie, S. Sharifi, and A. Yazdani. "Thermal and magnetic properties of chalcogenide CZFTS nanoparticles for solar cell application." Chalcogenide Letters 19, no. 1 (January 2022): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/cl.2022.191.9.

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An attempt is made to resolve the controversy related to the reconstruction mechanism of magneto-optical stannite/kieserite crystal structure with a random mixture of two quaternary compounds of Cu2ZnSnS4-Cu2FeSnS4 while the identification of phase formation by XRD is difficult. Since the Fe is surprisingly emerged on the Cu position while Fe is replaced by Zn. The induced dynamical sliding by Cu-ionic-host could be existed which is strongly consequence of magnetic exchange competition (F.M and AFM) through the thermos remanent magnetic reflected on DTA thermal loop. Towards the distortion of intra-plane “a-b”, the volume unit cell and c/a are decreased to minimize Gibbs free energy where the band gap energy is also decreased. The broad maximum of Raman spectroscopy is almost decreased linearly. A strong competition between F.M and AF.M due to the distribution of exchange interaction are evident in x≤0.5 which is dominated by AF.M on x=1.

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Zhang, B., H. Wagner, M. Büchsenschütz-Göbeler, Y. Luo, S. Küchemann, W. Arnold, and K. Samwer. "Measurement of the Indentation Modulus and the Local Internal Friction in Amorphous SiO2 Using Atomic Force Acoustic Microscopy." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 61, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2016-0006.

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Abstract For the past two decades, atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM), an advanced scanning probe microscopy technique, has played a promising role in materials characterization with a good lateral resolution at micro/nano dimensions. AFAM is based on inducing out-of-plane vibrations in the specimen, which are generated by an ultrasonic transducer. The vibrations are sensed by the AFM cantilever when its tip is in contact with the material under test. From the cantilver’s contactresonance spectra, one determines the real and the imaginary part of the contact stiffness k*, and then from these two quantities the local indentation modulus M' and the local damping factor Qloc-1 can be obtained with a spatial resolution of less than 10 nm. Here, we present measured data of M' and of Qloc-1 for the insulating amorphous material, a-SiO2. The amorphous SiO2 layer was prepared on a crystalline Si wafer by means of thermal oxidation. There is a spatial distribution of the indentation modulus M' and of the internal friction Qloc-1. This is a consequence of the potential energy landscape for amorphous materials.

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De Bernardi, Paola, Alberto Bertello, and Francesco Venuti. "Online and On-Site Interactions within Alternative Food Networks: Sustainability Impact of Knowledge-Sharing Practices." Sustainability 11, no. 5 (March 9, 2019): 1457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11051457.

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The sustainability debate in the food sector has exposed the current food system to critics, encouraging the significant growth of Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), new ways of food production, distribution and consumption that aim to shorten the food chain. Our study is focused on Food Assembly (FA), a special kind of AFN combining the culture of social entrepreneurship and digital innovation to achieve sustainability and a high social impact. The coexistence of a digital platform and a weekly farmers’ market triggers, within this network, mechanisms of knowledge sharing and self-organisation. To date, however, few studies have focused simultaneously on online and on-site interactions within AFNs, especially with quantitative studies. Our paper aims to test the hypothesis that online and on-site knowledge sharing affects the success of a FA measured by customer sustainable behaviour change. To do so, we developed a quantitative analysis based on a regression model. We collected data via a questionnaire submitted to 8497 Italian FA customers, of which 2115 responses were included in our analysis. The results show that online knowledge sharing significantly affects customer change towards more sustainable purchasing and consumption behaviours, while on-site knowledge sharing positively affects sustainable purchasing behaviours.

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Zhang, Gai Mei, Li Ping Yang, Chen Qiang, Yuan Wei, Jian Dong Lu, and Dong Sheng Jiang. "Analysis on the Contact Mechanics between Tip and Sample in Atomic Force Acoustic Microscope Method." Advanced Materials Research 800 (September 2013): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.800.325.

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Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) is a technique combining the atomic force microscope (AFM) and ultrasonic technique, where the cantilever or the sample surface is vibrated at ultrasonic frequencies while a sample surface is scanned with the sensor tip contacting the sample. At a consequence, the amplitude of the cantilever vibration as well as the shift of the cantilever resonance frequencies contain information about local tip-sample contact stiffness and can be used as imaging quantities. It has been demonstrated to be a powerful tool for the investigation of the local elastic prosperities of sample surface. The sample is tested in the contact mode, the resonant frequency of the cantilever is measured, by which the contact stiffness is calculated based on the model of vibration of the cantilever, and then the elastic property of sample is evaluated according to the contact theory. Therefore, the contact model has an important impact on the calculation of elastic modulus. This paper analyzes the contact model between the AFM probe and the sample, and it is investigated based on finite element method (FEM) that the results of the test are affected by parameters.

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Adler, Ilona. "Die AfnP informiert." Dialyse aktuell 21, no. 03 (April 18, 2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-106794.

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Brannon, Barbara C., and Paul K. Carlton. "AFNC CLARIFIES STANCE." American Journal of Nursing 101, no. 2 (February 2001): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200102000-00008.

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Kennedy, Maureen Shawn. "AFNC CLARIFIES STANCE." American Journal of Nursing 101, no. 2 (February 2001): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200102000-00009.

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Faurisson, F., J. F. Dessanges, A. Grimfeld, R. Beaulieu, M. D. Kitzis, G. Peytavin, J. P. Lefebvre, R. Farinotti, and A. Sautegeau. "Nebulizer Performance: AFLM Study." Respiration 62, no. 1 (1995): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000196488.

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Gras, J. "AFN-1252." Drugs of the Future 39, no. 7 (2014): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dof.2014.039.07.2157856.

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KAWAI, Akira, and Daisuke INOUE. "EffectofThermalStressonPeelPropertyofLineResistPatternAnalyzedbyAtomicForceMicroscope(AFM." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 39, no. 3 (2003): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.39.107.

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Bowman, Dick. "AFM/PC." ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad 22, no. 4 (June 1992): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/140660.140679.

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Vinson, V. "AFM Uncompromised." Science 344, no. 6182 (April 24, 2014): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.344.6182.341-c.

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Barrier, Gaëlle, and Edwige Biard. "AFM-Téléthon." médecine/sciences 31 (November 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/201531s315.

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Burnham, Nancy A., and Uwe Hartmann. "Misinterpreting AFM." Science News 142, no. 14 (October 3, 1992): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4017921.

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Higgins, Michael, Gordon G. Wallace, Amy Gelmi, and Scott T. McGovern. "Electrochemical AFM." Imaging & Microscopy 11, no. 2 (May 2009): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imic.200990038.

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Pauley, Catlin M., and Aaron J. McKim. "Interdisciplinary Connections:." Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Education 8, no. 1 (July 15, 2019): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jise.v7i2.1084.

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Agriculture, food, and/or natural resources (AFNR) content offers a tremendous context for interdisciplinary teaching and learning. Collaboration between AFNR and core content area educators has been recommended to increase interdisciplinarity in school-based AFNR Education; however, existing research lacks an empirical investigation of the relationship between interdisciplinary collaboration and outcomes associated with interdisciplinary teaching in school-based AFNR Education. Therefore, the current study explores the scope of collaboration between AFNR, leadership, mathematics, and science educators and the relationship between collaboration and interdisciplinary teaching in school-based AFNR Education. Findings indicate opportunities to initiate and strengthen interdisciplinary communities of practice through purposeful interactions, especially regarding length of interactions between AFNR and core content area educators. Recommendations for practitioners, teacher educators, and researchers are provided.

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Michel-Villarreal, Rosario, Martin Hingley, Maurizio Canavari, and Ilenia Bregoli. "Sustainability in Alternative Food Networks: A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030859.

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In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to individuals’ organizing themselves and managing food systems in an ‘alternative’ and more sustainable way. Such emerging food initiatives are most commonly known as ‘Alternative Food Networks’ (AFNs). However, there is an ongoing debate concerning the extent to which AFNs facilitate social, economic and environmental change. There are criticisms of the overall sustainability promise of AFNs related to sufficiency of impact, possible counter effects and the relevance of impacts. Because empirical studies often only focus on specific sustainability issues or AFNs, it has been difficult to develop more robust theories about the relations between diverse AFNs arrangements and sustainability. Thus, the aim of this paper is to contribute towards reducing this knowledge gap through a systematic literature review on AFNs in relation to sustainability. We summarize main methodological approaches, the types of AFNs studied and sustainability dimensions addressed in literature to date. Findings serve as reference to propose opportunities for future research regarding sustainability in AFNs.

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J.I., Omigie, and Alaminiokuma G.I. "PETROPHYSICAL EVALUATION OF RESERVOIRS FOR HYDROCARBON RESERVE ESTIMATION IN EASTERN CENTRAL SWAMP DEPOBELT, NIGER DELTA." Malaysian Journal of Geosciences 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/mjg.02.2020.79.85.

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Petrophysical properties were evaluated in five wells in eastern Central Swamp Depobelt, Niger Delta using well logs. Analyses by Kingdom Suite software reveal that reservoirs’ thicknesses ranged between 24.5ft in SNG in Afam 16 to 200.5ft in SNB in Obeakpu 005. Volume of shale varies within and across all the wells with values <30% of the total thicknesses. Relative permeability to water (Krw) ranges from 0.00 to >1.00 across the wells. Reservoirs SNE and SNF in Afam 16 have average Krw of 0.00 implying 100% water-free hydrocarbon production. SNC reservoir in Afam 15 and Afam 16 has average Krw >1 implying 100% water production. The relative permeability to oil (Kro) is very high in reservoirs with high hydrocarbon saturation. SNH in Korokoro 006 has average hydrocarbon saturation of 85.70% and Kro of 0.89. SNB in Obeakpu 005 has average absolute permeability of 62,086.9mD. Reservoirs SNB, SNC and SND contain no producible hydrocarbon in Afam 15 but contain producible hydrocarbon in Afam 16, Korokoro 003 and Obeakpu 005 wells. Reservoirs SNE, SNF, SNG and SNH in Afam 15, Afam 16, Korokoro 003 and Korokoro 006 contain producible hydrocarbon with the exception of SNF in Korokoro 003. Afam 15 and Afam 16 are mainly gas-producing with estimated gas-in-place ranging from 72,630.27cu.ft/acre in SNB in Afam 15 to 1,534,667.86cu.ft/acre in SNH in Afam 16 while Korokoro 003, Korokoro 006 and Obeakpu 005 are mainly oil-producing with estimated oil-in-place ranging from 47,590.26bbl/acre in SNB in Korokoro 003 and 387,754.83bbl/acre in SNB in Obeakpu 005.

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Canuto, Claudio, Ricardo H. Nochetto, Rob Stevenson, and Marco Verani. "Onp-robust saturation forhp-AFEM." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 73, no. 9 (May 2017): 2004–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2017.02.035.

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Huang, Changchuang, Baoquan Kou, Xiaokun Zhao, Xu Niu, and Lu Zhang. "Multi-Objective Optimization Design of a Stator Coreless Multidisc Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Motor." Energies 15, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 4810. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134810.

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The stator coreless axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor with a compact structure, low torque ripple, and high efficiency is particularly suitable as a motor for electric propulsion systems. However, it still requires great effort to design an AFPM motor with higher torque density and lower torque ripple. In this paper, a stator coreless multidisc AFPM (SCM-AFPM) motor with a three-rotor and two-stator topology is proposed. To reduce rotor mass and increase torque density, the proposed SCM-AFPM motor adopts the hybrid permanent magnets (PMs) array with Halbach PMs in the two-terminal rotor and the conventional PMs array in the middle rotor. In addition, a multi-objective optimization model combining response surface method (RSM) and genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed and applied to the proposed SCM-AFPM motor. With the help of the three-dimensional finite-element analysis (3-D FEA), it is found that the torque ripple of the optimized SCM-AFPM motor is 4.73%, while it is 6.21% for the initial motor. Its torque ripple is reduced by 23.8%. Therefore, the proposed multi-objective optimization design method can quickly and reliably obtain the optimal design of the SCM-AFPM motor.

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Sarmiento, Chona Q., and Paterna J. Saavedra. "Enhancing the Demands of ZAMPEN-SUCs AFNR Graduates Through Curriculum Intervention Using Modular Approach with High S &T Content." JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research 32, no. 1 (July 31, 2018): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v32i1.583.

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The contribution of the DOST-PCARRD AFNR Project 2.3 from SY 2009-2011 has demonstrated transformed changes in the AFNR curriculum. These changes are well recognized as it has attracted more enrollees in the region’s dwindling AFNR courses. The study presented the implementation of the AFNR Project 2.3 in Zamboanga Peninsula as an intervention to the observed down trend enrolment in the AFNR courses since SY 2001 onwards. The AFNR Project 2.3 was implemented for the duration of two years from SY Feb 2009-Feb 2011. The project at the regional level enabled students’ preparation for employability, equipped them with entrepreneurial skills, with the integration of strong S & T contents in the courses through the modular approach. The Western Mindanao State University (WMSU) played the lead institution in the region with three collaborating SUCs, namely, JH Cerilles State College (JHCSC), Zamboanga State College of Marine Sciences and Technology (ZSCMST), and the two campuses of Jose Rizal Memorial State University (JRMSU). Towards the end of its implementation for the second year, the project achieved the following gains based on its objectives: (a) Enriched 10 BS curricular programs (b) reviewed 81 AFNR subjects (c)enriched at least 70 courses in the 10 BS AFNR Programs and (d) introduced 30 short term courses respectively.

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Li, Yanyan, Zhenzhong Si, Yuxin Miao, and Li Zhou. "How Does the Concept of Guanxi-circle Contribute to Community Building in Alternative Food Networks? Six Case Studies from China." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12110432.

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As social innovations that help to transition towards a more sustainable food system, alternative food networks (AFNs) in China have attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. However, studies of the community building behavior of AFNs at the micro-level in the Chinese social context are scant. Through in-depth case studies conducted between 2017 and 2021 and social network analysis, our study examines how founders of AFNs successfully facilitate community building among their customers. We find that in China, the traditional social-cultural construct, guanxi, plays a critical role in AFNs’ community formation and expansion. The study identifies a three-stage framework for understanding the community building process of AFNs. First, a group of guanxi of the same kind would form a guanxi-circle. Second, the initial guanxi-circle is enhanced and expanded to multiple secondary guanxi-circles. Third, these multiple guanxi-circles together and the interactions among them constitute the community of AFNs. We argue that to strengthen the community, AFNs operators should inspire key members to form secondary guanxi-circles by enhancing their cognitive trust and emotional trust.

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Mansfield, Peter, and Richard Bowtell. "NMR marries AFM." Physics World 7, no. 9 (September 1994): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/7/9/25.

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Aigner, Thomas, Nicole Schmitz, and Jochen Haag. "AFM tackles osteoarthritis." Nature Nanotechnology 4, no. 3 (March 2009): 144–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2009.29.

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KAWAI, Akira. "AnalysisofInteractionForcebetweenMaterialSurfacesbyUsingAtomicForceMicroscope(AFM>." Journal of The Adhesion Society of Japan 36, no. 2 (2000): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11618/adhesion.36.77.

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Wanjari, Suhasini, Abhijit Wanjarri, N. B. Singh, and W. B. Gurnule. "Preface: AFM-2020." Materials Today: Proceedings 29 (2020): 965–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.05.159.

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Gołek, F., P. Mazur, Z. Ryszka, and S. Zuber. "AFM image artifacts." Applied Surface Science 304 (June 2014): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.01.149.

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OHNISHI, Hiroshi. "NC-AFM 2000." Hyomen Kagaku 22, no. 3 (2001): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1380/jsssj.22.210.

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Giessibl, Franz J., and Seizo Morita. "Non-contact AFM." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 24, no. 8 (February 7, 2012): 080301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/24/8/080301.

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Higgins, Michael J., Takeshi Fukuma, and Suzanne P. Jarvis. "AFM in Liquid." Imaging & Microscopy 8, no. 3 (September 2006): 47–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imic.200790097.

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Li, Chao, Wuyundalai Bao, Haoyue Zhang, Zhitang Lyu, Yihua Chen, and Zhengyan Guo. "Discovery of Brominated Alboflavusins With Anti-MRSA Activities." Frontiers in Microbiology 12 (February 16, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.641025.

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As methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming a serious pathogenic threaten to human health worldwide, there is an urgent need to discover new antibiotics for the treatment of MRSA infections. Alboflavusins (AFNs) are a group of halogenated cyclohexapeptides with anti-MRSA activities. In this study, two novel brominated AFN congeners (compounds 1 and 2) were isolated from the wild-type strain Streptomyces alboflavus sp. 313 that was fermented in the production medium supplemented with NaBr; two new (compounds 3 and 5) and a known (compound 4) dehelogenated AFN congeners were isolated from S. alboflavus ΔafnX, in which the tryptophan halogenase gene afnX was inactivated. The structures of these compounds were assigned by careful NMR and MS analyses. The anti-MRSA activities of varied AFN congeners were assessed against different MRSA strains, which revealed that compounds 1 and 2 with bromine displayed effective activities against the tested MRSA strains. Especially, compound 2 showed good anti-MRSA activity, while compounds 3, 4, and 5 without halogen exhibited weak anti-MRSA activities, outlining the influence of halogen substitution to the bioactivities of AFNs.

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Nouioua, Farid, and Sara Boutouhami. "Argumentation frameworks with necessities and their relationship with logic programs." Argument & Computation, June 23, 2022, 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/aac-210028.

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This paper presents a comprehensive study of argumentation frameworks with necessities (AFNs), a bipolar extension of Dung Abstract argumentation frameworks (AFs) where the support relation captures a positive interaction between arguments having the meaning of necessity: the acceptance of an argument may require the acceptance of other argument(s). The paper discusses new main acceptability semantics for AFNs and their characterization both by a direct approach and a labelling approach. It examines the relationship between AFNs and Dung AFs and shows the gain provided by the former in terms of concision. Finally, the paper shows how to represent an AFN as a normal logic program (LP) and vice versa and in both cases establishes a one-to-one correspondence between extensions under the main acceptability semantics (except for semi-stable semantics where the correspondence is not completely full) of an AFN and particular cases of 3-valued stable models of normal LPs.

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Pascucci, Stefano, Domenico Dentoni, Jen Clements, Kim Poldner, and William Gartner. "EXPRESS: Forging forms of authority through the sociomateriality of food in partial organizations." Organization Studies, November 26, 2020, 017084062098023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840620980232.

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This study theorizes on the sociomateriality of food in authority-building processes of partial organizations by exploring Alternative Food Networks (AFNs). Through the construction of arenas for food provisioning, AFNs represent grassroots collectives that deliberately juxtapose their practices from mainstream forms of food provisioning. Based on a sequential mixed method analysis of 24 AFNs, where an inductive chronological analysis is followed by a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA), we found that the entanglements between participants’ food provisioning practices and food itself shape how authority emerges in AFNs. Food generates biological, physiological and social struggles for AFN participants who, in turn, respond by embracing or avoiding them. As an outcome, most AFNs tend to bureaucratize over time according to four identified patterns while a few idiosyncratically build a more shared basis of authority. We conclude that the sociomateriality of food plays an important yet indirect role in understanding why and how food provisioning arenas re-organise and forge their forms of authority over time.

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Hurley, D. C., A. B. Kos, and P. Rice. "Nanoscale Elastic-Property Mapping with Contact-Resonance-Frequency AFM." MRS Proceedings 838 (2004). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-838-o8.2.

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ABSTRACTWe describe a dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) method to map the nanoscale elastic properties of surfaces, thin films, and nanostructures. Our approach is based on atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) techniques previously used for quantitative measurements of elastic properties at a fixed sample position. AFAM measurements determine the resonant frequencies of an AFM cantilever in contact mode to calculate the tip-sample contact stiffness k*. Local values for elastic properties such as the indentation modulus M can be determined from k* with the appropriate contact-mechanics models. To enable imaging at practical rates, we have developed a frequency-tracking circuit based on digital signal processor architecture to rapidly locate the contact-resonance frequencies at each image position. We present contact-resonance frequency images obtained using both flexural and torsional cantilever images as well as the corresponding vertical contact-stiffness (k*) image calculated from flexural frequency images. Methods to obtain elastic-modulus images of M from vertical contact-stiffness images are also discussed.

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Hunter, Erik, Andreas Norrman, and Eva Berg. "Quantifying differences in alternative food network supply chain activities and their relationship with socio-economic outcomes." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, July 14, 2021, 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2020.0193.

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Alternative food networks (AFNs) have the potential to enhance and redistribute value in favour of producers and consumers through novel ways of organizing supply chain activities. What is more, AFNs are often characterized by their ‘sustainability promise’ – or the idea that their networks foster social, ecological or environmental improvements over conventional food networks. Based on a purposive sample of 286 producers across five Swedish AFNs (i.e. community supported agriculture, REKO-rings, farmers’ markets, farm stores and food nodes), we explore how differences in how supply chain activities are managed and relate them to profitability, fair wages, cooperation, logistics efforts, happiness and future beliefs. Using a combination of correlation analysis, linear regression and means comparisons, we challenge the notion that AFNs achieve their sustainability promise or enhance value through novel combinations of supply chain activities. Our findings include several key differences in how supply chain management (SCM) activities are organized across AFNs and their variant importance for profitability. Moreover, we find significant differences in happiness across AFNs that are better explained through beliefs about the future than profitability or fair wages. By exploring happiness and profitability, we offer insights into why some AFN actors thrive despite poor economic returns.

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Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata, Roy H. Geiss, and Donna C. Hurley. "Size-Related Plasticity Effects in AFM Silicon Cantilever Tips." MRS Proceedings 924 (2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-0924-z03-02.

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ABSTRACTWe are developing dynamic atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques to determine nanoscale elastic properties. Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) makes use of the resonant frequencies of an AFM cantilever while its tip contacts the sample surface at a given static load. Our methods involve nanosized silicon probes with tip radius R ranging from approximately 10 nm to 150 nm. The resulting radius of contact between the tip and the sample is less than 20 nm. However, the contact stress can be greater than a few tens of GPa, exceeding the theoretical yield strength of silicon by a factor of two to four. Our AFAM experiments indicate that, contrary to expectation, tips can sometimes withstand such stresses without fracture. We subjected ten tips to the same sequence of AFAM experiments. Each tip was brought into contact with a fused quartz sample at different static loads. The load was systematically increased from about 0.4 μN to 6 μN. Changes in tip geometry were observed in images acquired in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) between the individual AFAM experiments. All of the tips with R < 10 nm broke during the first AFAM experiments at static loads less than 1.6 μN. Tips with R > 40 nm plastically deformed under such loads. However, a group of tips with R from 25 nm to 30 nm neither broke nor deformed during the tests. In order to reach higher contact stresses, two additional tips with similar values of R were used in identical experiments on nickel and sapphire samples. Although the estimated stresses exceeded 40 GPa, we did not observe any tip fracture events. Our qualitative observations agree with more systematic studies performed by other groups on various nanostructures. The results emphasize the necessity of understanding the mechanics of nanometer-scaled bodies and the impact of size effects on measurements of mechanical properties on such scales.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AFNM'

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