Relevant bibliographies by topics / AFNM

Academic literature on the topic 'AFNM'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AFNM"

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Cruz Valeriano, Edgar, José Juan Gervacio Arciniega, Christian Iván Enriquez Flores, Susana Meraz Dávila, Joel Moreno Palmerin, Martín Adelaido Hernández Landaverde, Yuri Lizbeth Chipatecua Godoy, Aime Margarita Gutiérrez Peralta, Rafael Ramírez Bon, and José Martín Yañez Limón. "Stochastic excitation for high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging: a system theory approach." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 11 (May 4, 2020): 703–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.11.58.

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In this work, a high-resolution atomic force acoustic microscopy imaging technique is developed in order to obtain the local indentation modulus at the nanoscale level. The technique uses a model that gives a qualitative relationship between a set of contact resonance frequencies and the indentation modulus. It is based on white-noise excitation of the tip–sample interaction and uses system theory for the extraction of the resonance modes. During conventional scanning, for each pixel, the tip–sample interaction is excited with a white-noise signal. Then, a fast Fourier transform is applied to the deflection signal that comes from the photodiodes of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipment. This approach allows for the measurement of several vibrational modes in a single step with high frequency resolution, with less computational cost and at a faster speed than other similar techniques. This technique is referred to as stochastic atomic force acoustic microscopy (S-AFAM), and the frequency shifts of the free resonance frequencies of an AFM cantilever are used to determine the mechanical properties of a material. S-AFAM is implemented and compared with a conventional technique (resonance tracking-atomic force acoustic microscopy, RT-AFAM). A sample of a graphite film on a glass substrate is analyzed. S-AFAM can be implemented in any AFM system due to its reduced instrumentation requirements compared to conventional techniques.
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Blumberg, Renata, Helga Leitner, and Kirsten Valentine Cadieux. "For food space: theorizing alternative food networks beyond alterity." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23026.

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<p>In response to calls by scholars to deepen theoretical engagement in research on Alternative Food Networks (AFNs), in this article we critically discuss and assess major theoretical approaches deployed in the study of AFNs. After highlighting the strengths and limitations of each theoretical approach, we provide an alternative framework – which we refer to as the Geographical Political Ecology of Food Systems – that integrates the contributions that have emerged in the study of the alternative geographies of food with an understanding of capitalist processes in the food system. We do this by bringing together literature on the political ecology of food systems and multiple spatialities, including Doreen Massey's understanding of space as a heterogeneous multiplicity and Eric Sheppard's conceptualization of sociospatial positionality. We utilize research on agrarian change and AFNs in Eastern Europe to elaborate this approach. We argue that this new perspective helps navigate tensions in AFN scholarship, and provides new avenues for research and action. We focus particularly on the ability of AFNs to provide a sustainable livelihood for participating farmers, thus far a neglected topic in AFN research in Europe.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Alternative Food Networks, Eastern Europe, spatialities, positionality, livelihoods</p>
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Sureau, Solène, François Lohest, Joris Van Mol, Tom Bauler, and Wouter M. J. Achten. "How Do Chain Governance and Fair Trade Matter? A S-LCA Methodological Proposal Applied to Food Products from Belgian Alternative Chains (Part 2)." Resources 8, no. 3 (August 16, 2019): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030145.

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Alternative food networks (AFNs) have emerged to improve both environmental and socio-economic aspects of food provisioning, including the living and working conditions of farmers. Their objectives are supposed to be mediated through the shortening of chains and/or the implication of alternative value chain actors (VCAs). Through the application of a social life cycle assessment methodological proposal on two products from three Belgian AFNs, we first verify how the AFNs meet sustainability promises. Second, we investigate how such social sustainability of the assessed products is influenced by the differentiated configurations of chain governance in the AFNs. Such a discussion of root causes of social sustainability performances in product chains have been investigated very little as of yet. Our results show that AFN perform well in some aspects (consumer aspects, work satisfaction, social ties between VCAs), but in some others, AFN chains use similar mechanisms as the ones used by mainstream chains (unbalanced market power, unfair prices, and low commitment between VCAs), with potentially detrimental effects on profitability and employment conditions for VCAs located upstream, i.e., farms. Our framework is useful to highlight social hotspots in product chains, and to discuss these across the differences in the configurations of the chain layout and—in the end—chain governance.
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De Bernardi, Paola, Alberto Bertello, Francesco Venuti, and Enrico Foscolo. "How to avoid the tragedy of alternative food networks (AFNs)? The impact of social capital and transparency on AFN performance." British Food Journal 122, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0537.

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PurposeAlternative food networks (AFNs) have recently emerged in the food landscape as new ways of food production, distribution and consumption which are alternatives to the traditional food system. Drawing on the tragedy of the commons, this paper aims to test the role played by social capital and transparency in reducing customer's lethargy and thus enhancing AFN performance in terms of frequency and quantity of purchases made by customers.Design/methodology/approachAn ordered probit model was used to analyse data from a strong database of 2,115 Italian AFN customers. Given the novelty of the topic, the quantitative survey was anticipated by a preliminary qualitative study based on in-depth interviews, focus groups and participant observation.FindingsCustomers play an active role in AFN communities, co-creating value together with the other actors of the network. The two independent variables tested in this model, social capital and transparency, positively and significantly affect customers' quantity and frequency of purchases within AFNs, reducing the occurrence of the tragedy of commons.Originality/valueTo the authors' knowledge, this study represents one of the first attempts to measure, through a quantitative method, the effect of performance drivers (i.e. social capital and transparency) on AFN performance. Theoretical, managerial and policy implications will be thoroughly presented and discussed along the paper.
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Pratley, Erin Maureen, and Belinda Dodson. "The spaces for farmers in the city: A case study comparison of Direct Selling Alternative Food Networks in Toronto, Canada and Belo Horizonte, Brazil." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 1, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v1i1.22.

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<p>The current focus of Alternative Food Network (AFN) literature in the global North overlooks the reality of Southern AFNs and the potential contributions from studying Southern case studies. In this research, we used interviews and observation to determine how the differing valuations of ‘local’ food and farmers in two case study locations, one in the global North (Toronto, Canada) and one in the global South (Belo Horizonte, Brazil), affected the physical, economic, and political spaces in the city for farmers participating in the AFNs. The geographical concepts of scale, space and place are central to understanding Alternative Food Networks (AFNs). Drawing on work by Cook and Crang (1996) on ‘geographical knowledges’, we examined how farmers and consumers reinforced and constructed different narratives of ‘local’ food, which was valued by affluent consumers in Toronto but not by affluent consumers in Belo Horizonte. In Toronto, farmers operated in physical spaces that put them in contact with affluent consumers, and they were able to take advantage of both at market and off market economic spaces. In Belo Horizonte, farmers were relegated to marginal physical spaces, and had limited economic and political power. There were broader social justice implications related to whether the AFN operated mainly within affluent or marginal spaces. These case studies demonstrate that the scale, space and place are actively constructed, and certain constructions privilege some actors over others in the AFN and within the city. </p>
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Lacerda, D. L. P., F. Ptak, and R. Prioli. "Nanomechanical characterization of porous materials by atomic force microscopy." MRS Advances 3, no. 44 (2018): 2719–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2018.475.

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AbstractAtomic force microscopy (AFM) and nanoindentation were used to characterize poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) films with a wide distribution of pores. Pores with diameters ranging from tens of nanometers to few micrometers were measured by AFM and cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM) mapping of the elastic modulus were correlated with the samples topography and pore distribution. The elastic moduli of the samples were additionally measured by nanoindentation.
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Erler, Mirka, and Christoph Dittrich. "Middle Class, Tradition and the Desi-Realm—Discourses of Alternative Food Networks in Bengaluru, India." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2741. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072741.

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It has repeatedly been claimed that persistent traditional agriculture and marketing in countries of the Global South, such as India, are a fruitful basis for the foundation of alternative food networks (AFNs). However, literature on AFNs in the Global South is scarce and it thus remains uncertain how the appropriation of traditional agri-food practices plays out. We conducted semi-structured expert interviews with representatives of 14 AFNs in Bengaluru, India, in order to explore their aims and approaches. We found that there is a high variety of different AFNs in the city. One salient discourse among the representatives was that the agri-food system can be improved by a revitalization of tradition. In this paper, we discuss the implications of this conviction on representatives of AFNs. Traditionalism, we argue, does rather represent a deflection from achieving the stated goals of the AFN, namely the improvement of the livelihood of Indian farmers.
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SU, WEITAO, HONGLEI DOU, DEXUAN HUO, GUOLIN YU, and NING DAI. "CHARACTERIZING LOCALIZED STRAIN OF IN0.83Al0.17As/In0.83Ga0.17As DETECTOR USING LOW FREQUENCY ATOMIC FORCE ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPE." Surface Review and Letters 23, no. 01 (February 2016): 1550110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x15501103.

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Localized strain accumulation and related defects strongly affect the performance of optoelectronic detectors. However, characterizing distribution of the localized strain and defects still challenges usability and spatial resolution of many measurements. In current study, the defects and surface strain accumulation of In[Formula: see text]Al[Formula: see text]As/In[Formula: see text]Ga[Formula: see text]As multilayer detectors are investigated using low-frequency atomic force acoustic microscope (AFAM) and Raman spectroscopy. With AFAM, the strain accumulation and defects can be easily identified and measured with spatial resolution as good as that of atomic force microscope (AFM).
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Bruce, Analena B., and Rebecca L. Som Castellano. "Labor and alternative food networks: challenges for farmers and consumers." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 5 (October 21, 2016): 403–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174217051600034x.

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AbstractAlthough alternative food networks (AFNs) have made strides in modeling socially just and environmentally sound agrifood system practices, the next step is to make these innovations available to more people, or to increase participation in AFNs. However, there are several barriers to expanding the impact of AFNs. The labor intensity of producing and consuming foods in AFNs is sometimes overlooked but poses a significant challenge to alternative agrifood systems’ long-term viability. This paper brings together two independently conducted empirical research studies, one focused on sustainable food production and one focused on food provisioning in the sphere of consumption. Farmers engaged in small-scale alternative food production are investing significantly more time in maintaining the health of their soils by practicing crop rotation, growing a greater diversity of crops and building organic matter with cover crops and compost. Because much of this work is unpaid, the added labor requirements pose an obstacle to the financial viability and social sustainability of alternative production methods. On the consumption side, the labor intensity of food provisioning for women engaged in AFNs, combined with other socio-demographic factors, at times, constrains AFN participation. By identifying the ways in which labor may limit the ability of AFNs to expand to a larger portion of the population, this paper helps shed light on ways of increasing the environmental, social and health benefits of AFNs.
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HAVADI-NAGY, Kinga Xénia. "ROA CLUJ: REKO TYPE SUSTAINABLE MARKETING NETWORK IN ROMANIA." Territorial Identity and Development 6, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.23740/tid220211.

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The trend of sustainable consumption induces a change in the marketing strategies, applying a marketing type that promotes the culture of quality, and employs the principles of eco-rationality in choosing the tools of interaction with the consumers. The originally Finnish REKO (abbreviation of the Swedish “Rejäl Konsumtion”, meaning “Fair Consumption”) model of alternative food network (AFN) is a perfect example of implementing the principles of sustainable marketing. This survey focuses on ROA (Roade Online din Ardeal; Fruits/Harvest from Transylvania online), a REKO type direct marketing network, based in Cluj -Napoca, Romania. The aim of the study is to assess the chances and challenges of this type of AFN in the Romanian context. For this, we analyse the opportunities and impediments of development, and the cost and benefits of the AFN for the involved producers. The objective of the survey is to reveal the potential contribution of AFNs to sustainable production, marketing, and distribution of local products. The applied qualitative research is based on (1) an interview with a coordinator of the investigated initiative, (2) a survey among the involved producers, (3) participant observation as consumer, (4) informal discussions with the AFN stakeholders , and (5) secondary data analysis . As conclusions, we can state that Romania holds significant resources for the implementation of AFNs due to numerous favourable circumstances, such as the rising demand for qualitative local and regional products, and the willingness of consumers and producers to get involved in direct marketing networks. However, grassroot initiatives of direct marketing face administrative and legal challenges. The lack of real support of public policies, the weakly developed idea of self-government, and not firmly established in practice, confine the short food supply chains to a niche phenomenon.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AFNM"

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Cooper, Katherine. "AFM and C-AFM Studies of GaN Films." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1246.

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This thesis uses the techniques of atomic force microscope (AFM) and conductive AFM (C-AFM) to study the conduction properties of n-type GaN films. A total of 16 samples were examined and grouped according to their surface morphologies and conduction behaviors. The most common type of surface morpliology was that of Ga-rich samples having undulating "hillocks" with interspersed holes. Although most of the samples had this common morphology, their local conduction behaviors were not all similar. Local I-V spectra of the tip-sample Schottky contact could be grouped according to three major types: low leakage, high leakage, and "p-type". The highest quality samples with low leakage were usually grown at moderate temperatures (~650°C). For such samples, localized leakage only occurred at screw dislocations located at small pits terminating surface hillocks. I-V spectra taken on and off such hillocks were fit in forward bias to determine whether field emission or Frenkel-Poole conduction were dominant. Although field emission is a good fit compared to Frenkel-Poole, yielding reasonable values for the barrier height, the results are not yet conclusive without variable temperature studies.
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Christoffersen and Henrik. "Mikrostrukturen i valset kobber." Thesis, Risoe National Laboratory, 1997. http://www.risoe.dk/rispubl/AFM/kobber.htm.

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Candido, Renato. "Combinação afim de algoritmos adaptativos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-29062009-113546/.

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A combinação de algoritmos tem despertado interesse para melhorar o desempenho de filtros adaptativos. Esse método consiste em combinar linearmente as saídas de dois filtros operando em paralelo com passos de adaptação diferentes para se obter um filtro com conver- gência rápida e um erro quadrático médio em excesso (EMSE - excess mean squared error) reduzido. Nesse contexto, foi proposta a combinação afim de dois algoritmos LMS (least-mean square), cujo parâmetro de mistura não fica restrito ao intervalo [0, 1] e por isso é considerada como uma generalização da combinação convexa. Neste trabalho, a combinação afim de dois algoritmos LMS é estendida para os algoritmos supervisionados NLMS (normalized LMS) e RLS (recursive least squares) e também para equalização autodidata, usando o CMA (constant modulus algorithm). Foi feita uma análise em regime da combinação afim desses algoritmos de forma unificada, considerando entrada branca ou colorida e ambientes estacionários ou não- estacionários. Através dessa análise, verificou-se que a combinação afim de dois algoritmos da mesma família pode apresentar uma redução de EMSE de até 3 dB em relação ao EMSE de seus filtros componentes e conseqüentemente ao EMSE da combinação convexa. Para garantir que a estimativa combinada seja pelo menos tão boa quanto a do melhor filtro componente, foram propostos e analisados três novos algoritmos para adaptação do parâmetro de mistura. Utilizando resultados da análise desses algoritmos em conjunto com os resultados da análise de transitório de filtros adaptativos, analisou-se o comportamento transitório da combinação afim. Através de simulações, observou-se uma boa concordância entre os resultados analíticos e os de simulação. No caso de equalização autodidata, também foi proposta uma combinação de dois equalizadores CMA com inicializações diferentes. Verificou-se através de simulações que em alguns casos a combinação afim é capaz de evitar a convergência para mínimos locais da função custo do módulo constante.
In order to improve the performance of adaptive filters, the combination of algorithms is receiving much attention in the literature. This method combines linearly the outputs of two filters operating in parallel with different step-sizes to obtain an adaptive filter with fast convergence and reduced excess mean squared error (EMSE). In this context, it was proposed an affine combination of two least-mean square (LMS) filters, whose mixing parameter is not restricted to the interval [0, 1]. Hence, the affine combination is a generalization of the convex combination. In this work, the affine combination of two LMS algorithms is extended to the supervised algorithms NLMS (normalized LMS) and RLS (recursive least squares), and also to blind equalization, using the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). A steady-state analysis of the affine combination of the considered algorithms is presented in a unified manner, assuming white or colored inputs, and stationary or nonstationary environments. Through the analysis, it was observed that the affine combination of two algorithms of the same family can provide a 3 dB EMSE gain in relation to its best component filter and consequently in relation to the convex combination. To ensure that the combined estimate is at least as good as the best of the component filters, three new algorithms to adapt the mixing parameter were proposed and analyzed. Using the analysis results of these algorithms in conjunction with the results of the transient analysis of adaptive filters, the transient behavior of the affine combination was analyzed. Through simulations, a good agreement between analytical and experimental results was always observed. In the blind equalization case, a combination of two CMA equalizers with different initializations was also proposed. The simulation results suggest that the affine combination can avoid local minima of the constant modulus cost function.
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Sanchez, Luis Florial Espinoza. "Singularidades de curvas na geometria afim." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55135/tde-07102010-145223/.

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Neste trabalho estudamos a geometria da evoluta afim e da curva normal afim associada à uma curva plana sem inflexões a partir do tipo de singularidade das funções suporte afim. O principal resultado estabelece que se \'\\gamma\' é uma curva plana sem inflexões, satisfazendo certas condições genéricas então dois casos podem ocorrer: 1. se p é um ponto da evoluta afim de \'\\gamma\' em \'s IND. 0\' então temos dois casos: se \'\\gamma\' (\'s IND. 0\') é um ponto sextático então, localmente em p, a evoluta afim é difeomorfa a uma cúspide em \'R POT. 2\' ; se não, localmente em p, a evoluta afim é difeomorfa à uma reta em \'R POT. 2\' , 2. se p = \'\\gamma\' (\'s IND. 0\') é um ponto da normal afim de \'\\gamma\' então temos dois casos: se \'\\gamma\'(\'s IND. 0\') é um ponto parabólico de \'\\gamma\' então, localmente em p, a curva normal afim é difeomorfa a uma cúspide em \'R POT. 2\' ; em outro caso, localmente em p, a curva normal afim é difeomorfa à uma reta em \'R POT. 2\'
In this work we study the geometry of the affine evolute and the affine normal curve associated with a plane curve without inflections from the type of singularity of affine support functions. The main result is setting if \'\\gamma\' is a flat curve without inflections, satisfying certain conditions generic then, if p is a point of the affine evolute of \'\\gamma\' at \'s IND. 0\' then two cases: if \'\\gamma\' (\'s IND. 0\') is a sextactic point then locally in p the affine evolute is diffeomorphic to a cusp at \'R POT. 2\', otherwise locally in p the affine evolute is diffeomorphic to a straight in \'R POT. 2\', and second if p = \'\\gamma\' (\'s IND. 0\') is a point of the affine normal curve then two cases: if \'\\gamma\'(\'s IND. 0\') is a parabolic point of \'\\gamma\' then locally in p the affine normal curve is diffeomorphic to a cusp at \'R POT. 2\' , in otherwise locally in p the affine normal curve is diffeomorphic to a line in \'R POT. 2\'
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Rossell, Jacqueline. "Protein immobilisation for AFM." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404144.

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Dario, Alan de Genaro. "Processos de Cox com intensidade difusiva afim." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45133/tde-01052013-111713/.

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Esta Tese explora o Processo de Cox quando sua intensidade pertence a uma família de difusões afim. A forma da funçâo densidade de Probabilidade do Processo de Cox é obtida quando a intensidade é descrita por uma difusão fim d-dimensional arbitrária. Analisa-se também o acoplamento e convergência para o Processo de Cox com intensidade afim. Para ilustrar assume-se que a intensidade do Processo é governada por uma difusão de Feller e resultados mais detalhados são obtidos. Adicionalmente, os parâmetros da intensidade do Processo são estimados por meio do Filtro de Kalman conjugado com o estimador de Quase-Máxima Verossimilhança.
This Thesis deals with the Cox Process when its intensity belongs to a family of affine diffusions. The form of the probability density function of the Cox process is obtained when the density is described by an arbitrary d-dimensional affine diffusion. Coupling and convergence results are also addressed for a general Cox process with affine intensity. We adopted the Feller diffusion for driving the underlying intensity of the Cox Process to illustrate our results. Additionally the parameters of the underlying intensity processes are estimated by means of the Kalman Filter in conjunction with Quasi-Maximum Likelihood estimation.
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Souza, Walfredo Jose de. "Fun??o afim: teoria e aplica??es." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/18664.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T15:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WalfredoJS_DISSERT.pdf: 711187 bytes, checksum: 343c0d1e1dd3e0a38dfc366e1130bcbd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-02
In this work we present a proposal to contribute to the teaching and learning of affine function in the first year of high school having as prerequisite mathematical knowledge of basic education. The proposal focuses on some properties, special cases and applications of affine functions in order to show the importance of the demonstrations while awaken student interest by showing how this function is important to solve everyday problems
Neste trabalho desenvolvemos uma proposta para contribuir com o ensino e aprendizagem das Fun??es Afins no primeiro ano do Ensino M?dio tendo como pr?-requisito o conhecimento matem?tico da educa??o b?sica. A proposta concentra-se em algumas propriedades, casos particulares e aplica??es das Fun??es Afins com o objetivo de mostrar a import?ncia das demonstra??es e ao mesmo tempo despertar o interesse do aluno mostrando como esta fun??o ? importante para solucionar problemas do cotidiano
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JUNIOR, AFFONSO DE CUSATIS. "RAYCASTING INTERVALAR DE SUPERFÍCIES IMPLÍCITAS COM ARITMÉTICA AFIM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=2766@1.

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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
Este trabalho investiga a técnica mais natural para a visualização de superfícies implícitas, o raycasting, sob um tratamento intervalar. São implementados algoritmos robustos para o raycasting de superfícies genéricas, utilizando métodos intervalares e métodos numéricos convencionais no cálculo das interseções, e é testada a utilização de aritmética afim (AA), um modelo numérico para o cálculo com intervalos proposto como alternativa à aritmética intervalar tradicional (IA). Projetada para evitar o problema de explosão de erro em longas seqüências de cálculos intervalares, AA leva em consideração as correlações entre os termos de uma expressão e define operações mais caras que IA, mas fornece resultados mais precisos, o que pode acelerar alguns algoritmos intervalares.
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Sargeant, Anliy Natsuyo Nashimoto. "Módulos tipo Verma sobre álgebra TKK afim estendida." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/45/45131/tde-21072007-114130/.

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As álgebras TKK afins estendidas pertencem à classe de álgebras de Lie chamada álgebras de Lie afins estendidas do tipo $A_1$. Elas são obtidas a partir de um semi-reticulado do $\\mathbbR^n$. Estudamos a estrutura dos módulos tipo Verma sobre a álgebra TKK afim estendida para um semi-reticulado (não-reticulado) do $\\mathbbR^2$. Quando fixamos um conjunto positivo de raízes isotrópicas chamado standard encontramos quatro órbitas da subálgebra de Borel que dão origem a distintos módulos tipo Verma sobre a álgebra TKK afim estendida. Estudamos as estruturas de seus submódulos e encontramos critérios de irredutibilidade para os módulos de Verma clássico e imaginário.
The extended affine TKK Lie algebras belong to a class of Lie algebras called extended affine Lie algebras of type $A_1$. They are obtained from a semilattice on $\\mathbbR^n$. We studied the structure of the Verma type modules for the extended affine TKK algebra obtained from a semi-lattice (non-lattice) on $\\mathbbR^2$. Fixing a set of positive isotropic roots called standard we found four orbits of the Borel subalgebra each of which give distinct Verma modules for the extended affine TKK algebra. We studied the structures of their submodules and found a criteria for irreducibility for the classic and imaginary Verma modules.
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Lima, Rivaneide Antonia de 1977, Tânia 1953 Baier, and Universidade Regional de Blumenau Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais e. Matemática. "Dificuldades dos alunos no estudo da função afim /." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações FURB, 2015. http://www.bc.furb.br/docs/DS/2015/360434_1_1.pdf.

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Orientador: Tânia Baier.
Com.: Produto educacional: Caderno para o professor: atividades contextualizadas para o estudo da função afim.
Dissertação (Mestrado em Matemática) - Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Centro de Ciências Exatas e Naturais, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais e Matemática, Blumenau,
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Books on the topic "AFNM"

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al-Makārim, Saʻīd Abū. Lastu afná. Bayrūt: Dār al-Awjām, 1999.

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Suleman, A. U. M. AFM studies of cellulosic fibres. Manchester: UMIST, 1996.

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Drewes, John M. The Best of AFN Two. Dingmans Ferry, PA, USA: American Fireworks News, 1990.

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Pinto, António Augusto Tolda. Legislação penal extravagante: Direito penal económico e afim. Coimbra: Coimbra Editora, 1998.

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Afn shpits tsung: 500 Yidishe shprikhṿerṭer. [Jerusalem]: Hebreisher Uniṿersiṭeṭ in Yerushalayim, Opṭeyl far Rusishe limudim, 2006.

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6

Yuan, Shuai, Lianqing Liu, Zhidong Wang, and Ning Xi. AFM-Based Observation and Robotic Nano-manipulation. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0508-9.

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J, Erasmus L. AFM unity in theological education?: A historical perspective. Midrand, South Africa: International Theological Institute, 1996.

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Delmonte, Clive. Advances in AFM & STM applied to thenucleic acids. Northampton: Clive Delmonte Publications, 1997.

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9

Philippine Council for Agriculture and Resources Research and Development. Ramping up AFNR productivity: The integrated S&T agenda, 2006-2010. Los Baños, Laguna: Philippine Council for Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCARRD), Department of Science and Technology (DOST), 2011.

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CTI-AFM Conference (4th 1993 Leicester, England). Selected proceedings from the 4th Annual CTI-AFM Conference. Edited by Williams B. C. 1950-, Nicholson Ailsa H. S, and CTI Centre for Accounting, Finance and Management. Norwich: CTI Centre for Accounting Finance and Management, University of East Anglia, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "AFNM"

1

Mehlhorn, Heinz. "AFM." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43978-4_4500.

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Mehlhorn, Heinz. "AFM." In Encyclopedia of Parasitology, 1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27769-6_4500-1.

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Aliano, Antonio, Giancarlo Cicero, Hossein Nili, Nicolas G. Green, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos, Andreas Lenshof, et al. "AFM." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100017.

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DeJonge, Andrea, Christoph Golbeck, Shahjahan Bhuiyan, Alnoor Ebrahim, Kate Ruff, Claudia Bode-Harlass, Karun K. Singh, et al. "AFM." In International Encyclopedia of Civil Society, 18. New York, NY: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-93996-4_9005.

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Ando, Toshio. "Interactive HS-AFM (iHS-AFM)." In High-Speed Atomic Force Microscopy in Biology, 97–101. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-64785-1_6.

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Aliano, Antonio, Giancarlo Cicero, Hossein Nili, Nicolas G. Green, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos, Andreas Lenshof, et al. "AFM Tips." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100019.

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Aliano, Antonio, Giancarlo Cicero, Hossein Nili, Nicolas G. Green, Pablo García-Sánchez, Antonio Ramos, Andreas Lenshof, et al. "AFM Probes." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 90–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_109.

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Bauch, Jürgen, and Rüdiger Rosenkranz. "AFM - Rasterkraftmikroskopie." In Physikalische Werkstoffdiagnostik, 16–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53952-1_8.

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Moreno-Herrero, Fernando, and Julio Gomez-Herrero. "AFM: Basic Concepts." In Atomic Force Microscopy in Liquid, 1–34. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527649808.ch1.

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Espinosa, Horacio D., Nicolaie Moldovan, and K. H. Kim. "Novel AFM Nanoprobes." In NanoScience and Technology, 77–134. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-37321-6_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "AFNM"

1

Quttoum, Ahmad Nahar. "AFAM." In the 2017 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3141128.3141147.

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Akamatsu, K., and M. Tsutahara. "Analysis of tunnel compression wave generation and distortion by the lattice Boltzmann method." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100151.

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Kennell, G., and R. W. Evitts. "A universal multi-dimensional charge and mass transfer model." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100161.

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Tesař, V. "Airfoil cascades with bistable separation control." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100291.

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Velarde, M. G., and V. M. Starov. "Surface forces and wetting features in drops and capillaries." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100301.

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Alexandrescu, A. "Power optimization of the complex pumping system." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100311.

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Rahman, M., and S. H. Mousavizadegan. "Hydrodynamic loading on elliptic cylinders in regular waves." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100321.

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Chu, P. C., and C. Fan. "Wave effect on the trajectory of a high-speed rigid body in a water column." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100331.

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Guillen, D. P. "Bubbling behavior in a waste glass melter." In AFM 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm160071.

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Fazenda, A. L., and J. S. Travelho. "Bidimensional modeling for incompressible viscous flow using the Circumcenter Based Approach in an unstructured grid." In AFM 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/afm100101.

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Reports on the topic "AFNM"

1

Henneges, G., and S. Kleinheins. AFDM: An advanced fluid-dynamics model. Volume 6: EOS-AFDM interface. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10140789.

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Bohl, W. R., F. R. Parker, D. Wilhelm, J. Berthier, L. Goutagny, and Ninokata. AFDM: An Advanced Fluid-Dynamics Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6664961.

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Wilhelm, D. AFDM: An Advanced Fluid-Dynamics Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6545907.

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Bohl, W. AFDM: An Advanced Fluid-Dynamics Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6636482.

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Berthier, J., D. Wilhelm, and W. Bohl. AFDM: An Advanced Fluid-Dynamics Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6599591.

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Parker, F. AFDM: An Advanced Fluid-Dynamics Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6641372.

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Brejnholt, Nicolai F. AFM report to Coastline Optic. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1242007.

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Baca, Ana. AFM Insitu Heating Experiment Data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1618032.

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Swinford, Richard. An AFM-SIMS Nano Tomography Acquisition System. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5369.

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Burgens, LaTashia. The Atomic Force Microscopic (AFM) Characterization of Nanomaterials. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada550815.

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