Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'AFLP'
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Varrieur, John Michael. "AFLP Marker Analysis Of Monoploid Potato." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33177.
Full textMaster of Science
Al, Kaabi Helel Humaid Saed Humaid. "Date palm tissue culture and AFLP analysis of plant variability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409314.
Full textDasmahapatra, Kanchon Kumar. "The use of AFLP markers for estimating relatedness and inbreeding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614696.
Full textBadenhorst, Daleen. "Development of AFLP markers for Haliotis midae for linkage mapping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21525.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Haliotis midae, is the only commercially important species of the six abalone species found in South African coastal waters and has become a lucrative commercial commodity. Wild stocks of H. midae are, however, no longer commercially sustainable due to a combination of environmental factors and poaching. The solution to the crisis is artificial production systems in the form of abalone farms. An abalone enhancement programme was initiated in South Africa in 2006, funded by industry and government. This programme focuses on the elucidation of the abalone genome and genetic factors contributing to increased productivity, thereby aiding the commercial production of abalone. The aims of this study, the first of its kind concerning H. midae, were to develop AFLPbased markers (specifically fluorescent AFLP analysis); to monitor the segregation of these markers in a single full-sib family and to use the markers and additional microsatellite markers to generate the first preliminary linkage map for H. midae. Genomic DNA of sufficient quality and purity for fluorescent AFLP analysis was obtained from 3.5-month-old H. midae juveniles. Preliminary linkage maps were constructed using AFLP and microsatellite markers segregating in an F1 family following a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Twelve AFLP primer combinations, producing 573 segregating peaks, and 10 microsatellite markers were genotyped in the parents and 108 progeny of the mapping family. Of the 573 segregating AFLP peaks genotyped, 241 segregated in a 1:1 ratio and 332 in a 3:1 ratio. Of these AFLP markers, 90 segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio and 164 segregated according to the expected 3:1 Mendelian ratio at the P = 0.05 level and were used for linkage analysis. Of the 10 microsatellite markers genotyped, nine were informative for linkage mapping analysis. Preliminary male and female genetic linkage maps were developed using markers segregating in the female or male parent. A total of 12 and 10 linkage groups were detected for the female and male maps respectively. The female map covered 1473.5cM and consisted of 56 markers, and the male map covered 738.9cM consisting of 30 markers. Markers with segregation distortion were observed as previously reported in other abalone species and potential homology between one of the linkage groups of the male map and two of the linkage groups of the female map were identified using the 3:1 segregating AFLP markers. In conclusion, the genetic linkage map presented here, despite the fact that it has relatively low genome coverage and low marker density, forms an ideal starting point for more detailed study of the H. midae genome and will provide a scaffold for basic and applied studies in abalone. A high-density linkage map of H. midae should in future be developed with additional co-dominant molecular markers, such as microsatellites, to improve the transferability of the linkage map between different laboratories and among populations. A high-density linkage map will facilitate the mapping of QTL of commercially important traits (i.e. growth) and future MAS breeding programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Perlemoenspesie, Haliotis midae, is die enigste spesie van kommersiële belang van die ses wat in die kuswater van Suid-Afrika aangetref word en het ‘n winsgewende handelskommoditeit in Suid-Afrika geword. Die ontginning van natuurlike H. midae populasies is egter, as gevolg van ‘n kombinasie van omgewingsfaktore en stropery nie meer kommersieel volhoubaar nie. Die perlemoenkrisis kan die hoof gebied word deur kunsmatige produksiesisteme op perlemoenplase tot stand te bring. ‘n Perlemoen verbeteringsprogram is in 2006 in Suid-Afrika geïnisieer en word deur die industrie en regering befonds. Die program focus op die ontrafeling van die perlemoen genoom en die genetiese faktore wat bydrae tot verhoogde produksie. Sodanige inligting kan gebruik word om kommersiële perlemoenproduksie te bevorder. Die doel van hierdie studie, die eerste met H. midae, is om AFLP-gebaseerde merkers (spesifiek fluoresserende AFLP analise) te ontwikkel; die segregasie van hierdie merkers te monitor in ‘n enkel volledige verwante familie en die merkers en addisionele mikrosatelliet merkers te gebruik om die eerste voorlopige koppelingskaart vir H. midae te genereer. Genomiese DNS van genoegsame kwaliteit en suiwerheid vir fluoresserende AFLP analise is ge-ekstraeer uit 3.5-maand-oue H. midae individue. Voorlopige koppelingskaart is gekonstrueer deur van segregerende AFLP en mikrosatelliet merkers in ‘n F1 familie gebruik te maak deur ‘n pseudo-kruistoets karteringstrategie te volg. Twaalf AFLP inleier kombinasies, wat 573 segregerende fragmente geproduseer het, en 10 mikrosatelliet merkers is gegenotipeer in die ouers en 108 individue van die nageslag van die karteringsfamilie. Van die 573 segregerende AFLP merkers wat gegenotipeer is, het 241 in ‘n 1:1 verhouding en 332 in ‘n 3:1 verhouding gesegregeer. Van hierdie AFLP merkers, het 90 volgens die verwagte 1:1 Mendeliese verhouding en 164 volgens die 3:1 Mendeliese verhouding by die P = 0.05 gesegregeer vlak en is vir die koppelingsanalise gebruik. Van die 10 mikrosatelliet merkers gegenotipeer, was 9 informatief vir koppeling karteringsanalise. Voorlopige manlike en vroulike genetiese koppelingskaarte is ontwikkel met gebruik te maak van merkers wat in die manlike of vroulike ouer segregeer het. ‘n Totaal van 12 en 10 koppelingsgroepe is onderskeidelik in die vroulike en manlike karate gegenereer. Die vroulike kaart dek 1473.5cM and bestaan uit 56 merkers, terwyl die manlike kaart 738.9cM beslaan het met 30 merkers. Merkers wat segregasie distorsie toon is waargeneem soos voorheen in ander perlemoenspesies gerapporteer. Potensiële ooreenstemming tussen een van die koppelingsgroepe van die manlike kaart en twee van die koppelingsgroepe van die vroulike kaart is aangetoon deur van die 3:1 segregerende AFLP merkers gebruik te maak. Die genetiese koppelingskaarte verskaf wel ‘n relatiewe lae genoomdekking en ‘n lae merkerdigtheid, maar is ‘n ideale vertrekpunt vir meer gedetailleerde studie van die H. midae genoom en dien as ‘n raamwerk vir toekomstige basiese en toegepaste studies in perlemoennavorsing. ‘n Hoëdigtheid koppelingskaart van H. midae moet in die toekoms ontwikkel word met gebruik van bykomstige ko-dominante molekulêre merkers, soos mikrosatelliete. Dit sal die oordraagbaarheid van die koppelingskaart tussen verskillende laboratoria asook tussen populasies verbeter. ‘n Hoëdigtheid koppelingskaart sal die kartering van kwantitatiewe kenmerk loki (KKL) vir kommersieel belangrike kenmerke (onder andere groeikrag) en toekomstige merker bemiddelde seleksie (MBS) teelprogramme moontlik maak.
Reck, Maikel. "Estudos moleculares em Hypochaeris catharinensis Cabrera (Asteraceae) utilizando marcadores AFLP." UEL. IAPAR. EMBRAPA. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, 2010. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000159604.
Full textHypochaeris catharinensis (Asteraceae) is endemic to south Brazil. In this work we used AFLP molecular marks (Amplified Fragment Length polymorphism) aiming to determine the genetic structure of H. catharinensis and to define its phylogenetic position within the South American group of the genus Hypochaeris. To define the phylogenetic position of H. catharinensis, eleven AFLP selective primer combinations were used in eigth diferent South American Hypochaeris plus H. catharinensis and H. angustifolia, used as outgroup. The results showed three main phylogenetic groups, as defined in previous studies. Hypochaeris catharinensis formed a tight association (90% booststrap) with H. lutea, giving origem to a new phylogenetic group, named Lutea group. This group is also supported by the similarities observed on the karyotypes of H. catharinensis and H. lutea. Together these data provide valuable information that may help to elucidate the processes of adaptative radiation of the genus Hypochaeris into the South American continent. Six AFLP primes combinations, applied in 11 populations of H. catharinensis coleted from the Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, rendered 183 frangents of which 165 (90,16%) were polymorphic. AMOVA, applied to the AFLP data revealed that the genetic variability was higher within (83,64%) than among (16,36%) populations. Principal Coordinate Analysis showed that most of the 11 populations studied have individuals that are mixed in other populations, revealing the absence of a clear pattern in the genetic structure. The recent divergence of the South American Hypochaeris, together with the morphological and ecological characterists that favour the seed dispersion of H. catharinensis, may have contributed to the low level of divergence observed among populations of this species.
Callak, Kirisozu Asude. "Molecular Characterization Of Blumeria Graminis F. Sp. Hordei Using Aflp Markers." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611153/index.pdf.
Full textukurova region in Turkey. Thirty-nine samples were analyzed with eigth universal races, of which virulence genes are studied. AFLP studies were conducted on LI-COR 4300 DNA Analyzer system. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with NTSYS program. By the help of this Numerical Taxonomic System, similarity, dissimilarity, clustering, dendograms, two-dimensional scatter plots, and three-dimensional perspective plots were obtained. By the light of these analyses Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei varieties together with universal races are grouped into three clusteres. In conclusion, studying Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolates and comparing them with universal races is a unique study in terms of characterizing the Turkish Bgh isolates for the first time, and can be used as a frontier study for studying Resistance genes, by reverse genetic tools.
Potter, Tara. "AFLP markers linked to Fusarium head blight resistance in Triticum aestivum." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6321.
Full textRojas, Thaís Cabrera Galvão. "Utilização de AFLP para estudos genéticos em Prochilodus argenteus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5448.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Genetic studies have been performed for an endemic species from São Francisco River basin, Prochilodus argenteus, which has a great importance in the artisanal and subsistence fishing in the region. The linkage mapping and the genetic variability studies were made with AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) dominants markers and with 189 specimens from a F1 cross, that was also used for restocking the upstream area from Três Marias hydroelectric dam. All the analyses were carried out with 15 primer pairs combinations and the linkage map was made using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Forty six heterozygous marks were found for the genitors, with mendelian segregation of 1:1. The female genitor map had 3 linkage groups and the lenght of the analysed genome was 128,45 cM, the male genitor map had the same number of linkage groups and the total length of 192,67 cM. Common markers for both genitors, with mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1, served as bridge between the maps, for the construction of an integrated map. This map had 9 linkage groups, and the total map length was 442,08 cM. Additionally, the genetic variability was assessed and an expected heterozygosity mean was of 0,32082, with a Jaccard s similarity coefficient of 0,72564 + 0,00451. These preliminary values show that the cultured sample has a higher similarity coefficient than that obtained for the wild populations. Hence, the present results suggest that genetic studies and management restocking practices should be simultaneously performed for the maintenance of the genetic patrimony of this species at the São Francisco River basin. The results also showed that AFLP marks were suitable and effective to identify linkage marks in Prochilodus argenteus and for genetic variability studies in cultivar samples.
Estudos genéticos foram realizados em uma espécie endêmica da bacia do rio São Francisco, Prochilodus argenteus, a qual possui grande importância na pesca artesanal e de subsistência da região. Os estudos do mapa de ligação e de variabilidade genética foram realizados com o uso do marcador dominante AFLP (Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados) e com 189 indivíduos de um cruzamento F1, utilizado também para o repovoamento do rio São Francisco, à montante da barragem de Três Marias (MG). Todas as análises foram realizadas com 15 combinações de primers. Para a construção dos mapas de ligação foi utilizada a abordagem pseudocruzamento teste. Os primers utilizados geraram 46 marcas heterozigóticas para os genitores, com segregação mendeliana de 1:1. O mapa referente ao genitor feminino apresentou 3 grupos de ligação e o comprimento do genoma analisado foi de 128,45 cM, e o mapa do genitor masculino também consistiu em 3 grupos de ligação com comprimento total de 192,67 cM. Marcadores comuns aos dois genitores, com segregação mendeliana de 3:1, foram utilizados como pontes na integração dos mapas. O mapa integrado foi formado por 9 grupos de ligação, o que correspondeu a 442,08 cM de genoma analisado. Adicionalmente, a variabilidade genética foi estudada por meio da média da heterozigosidade esperada (He), a qual foi de 0,32082 e pela análise do coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard, que foi igual a 0,72564 + 0,00451. Estes valores, ainda que preliminares, mostraram que essa amostragem cultivada possui o coeficiente de similaridade maior quando comparado com os de populações selvagens. Desta forma, sugere-se no presente trabalho que estudos genéticos devam ser realizados juntamente com a prática de repovoamento de rios, visando conservar o patrimônio genético desta espécie na bacia do São Francisco. Os resultados mostraram também que os marcadores AFLP foram adequados e eficientes para a identificação de marcas ligadas em Prochilodus argenteus e no estudo da variabilidade genética de amostras cultivadas.
Purvis, Andrew Ian. "AFLP markers for the study of somatic recombination in Phytophthora infestans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322560.
Full textChang, Yeun-Kyung. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of genetic variability in Phalaenopsis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34361.
Full text
In a second study, the effect of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity in Phalaenopsis was examined by AFLP analysis. Sixteen F1 seedlings resulting from cross-pollination that occurred within high (30 ºC) and low (14ºC) temperature incubators between two hybrid Phalaenopsis [P. (Taisoco Windian à Sogo Yukidian) by P. hybrid unknown], were subjected to genetic analysis by AFLP. A total of 651 fragments ranging in size from 100 to 350 bp were detected using six primer combinations, of which 387 (59.4%) were polymorphic. Seedlings derived from different temperature treatments exhibited 25.5% to 35.9% polymorphism. The genetic similarity among 16 F1 seedlings ranged from 0.825 to 0.946 based on the Dice coefficient. A dendrogram based on 387 polymorphic markers was derived by UPGMA analysis resulting in three major groups and one subgroup. The dendrogram analysis showed clear clustering in Phalaenopsis hybrids pollinated under different temperature treatments, suggesting that several loci may have been selected during the divergent temperature stress treatments during pollination and early pollen tube growth.
Master of Science
Suzaki, Vitor Junji. "Filogenia e biogeografia do complexo Croton pallidulus(Euphorbiaceae), inferidas por sequências de DNA e marcadores AFLP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-23042012-140006/.
Full textThe project addressed the detection of genetic polymorphisms in a Complex formed by some species of widespread occurrence in southeast of Brazil, whose limits are not yet well established, by presenting great morphological polymorphism that raises doubts as to whether it is a single or various species. The following species were studied: C. ceanothifolius, C. dichrous, C. erythroxyloides, C. aff. erythroxyloides, C. myrianthus, C. pallidulus var. pallidulus, C. pallidulus var. glabrus and C. splendidus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the consistency of the species studied by means of phylogenetic analysis based on sequences of ITS and two chloroplast DNA regions (trnL-F and rps16), and by AFLP markers (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). Was used as outgroup C. urucurana. As additional objectives, we tried to study the phylogeography of the species complex, through analysis of disjunct populations distributed from the Southeast to the South. Phylogenetic inferences were made from DNA sequences, performed by the criteria of maximum parsimony and posterior probabilities (Bayesian analysis). The results were a great union of most species of the Complex in a polytomy; the populations of C. dichrous and C. aff. erythroxyloides emerged separately in a clade, apart from two populations of C. pallidulus var. glabrus with C. myrianthus, besides the three populations of C. pallidulus var. pallidulus and other species of Complex emerging in another clade. For the AFLP technique, we obtained polymorphic fragments used as characters in the genetic affinity relationships through the neighbor-joining analysis (performed using the PAUP). It was observed that the two varieties of C. pallidulus emerge in different clades, while the two populations of C. pallidulus var. glabrus emerge in the same clade, C. pallidulus var. pallidulus appeared as a paraphyletic taxon, as it appears grouped with different species, a result that confirms the distinct nature of these two varieties. C. erythroxyloides and C. aff. erythroxyloides shown by the two methods of molecular analysis, to be distinct species. C. splendidus, C. ceanothifolius and C. myrianthus are not well resolved, blending, often with C. pallidulus var. pallidulus. Finally, there was congruence between the topologies obtained with the analysis based on combined sequencing data with that obtained by AFLP. The study of biogeography indicated that the distribution area of the ancestral group is probably wide, situated between Minas Gerais and Santa Catarina, since the distribution of species of the complex occurs preferentially in those states
Costa, Bárbara Letícia Pereira. "Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de isolados de Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae provenientes de diferentes estados brasileiros." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-27072017-151034/.
Full textInfection by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a disease known as swine pleuropneumonia, has gained greater relevance to modern pig farming due to the high recurrence rate observed in herds. The impact of the disease relates to the capacity of the agent to cause severe pneumonia, leading to animal death or chronic conditions, thus resulting in severe zootechnical losses. In view thereof, the control and monitoring of the agent is key, being performed through the identification of different serotypes, genetic analysis and determination of antimicrobial resistance profiles. The objective of this study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains isolated from swine with clinical presentation of pneumonia. A total of 85 strains of A. pleuropneumoniae were subject to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification and serotyping, determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and pulsed field gel electrophoresis typing techniques (PFGE). Most recurring serotypes were: 5 (38.8%), 10 (29.4%), 7 (5.9%), 8 (5.9%) and 6 (3.5%), of which 14 (16.5%) strains were nontypeable. High genetic heterogeneity was observed for both AFLP and PFGE, and the discriminatory index for each technique was 0.97 and 0.84, respectively. All 85 strains were susceptible to ceftiofur, gentamicin, tulatromicin and tilmicosin, 84 of which were resistant to tylosin, and high resistance rates were also observed for clindamycin, tetracyclines and sulfadimethoxine.
Castilla, Karina Salvagni. "Caracterização genotípica de cepas de Haemophilus parasuis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-23012009-164010/.
Full textIn recent years, Haemophilus parasuis has had a growing impact on the swine industry. In the past, Haemophilus parasuis infections were considered to be sporadic in young pigs. However, the incidence is increasing due to immunosuppressive diseases and the increase in the production of pigs with high sanitary status. Characterization of strains using methods based on phenotype identification is not enough to perform epidemiological studies on thebacterium, since a large percentage of isolates are nontypeable). The aim of this study was to characterize isolates according to serotyping, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), and to compare characterization results. Out of the 51 strains of Haemophilus parasuis evaluated in this study: one was serotype 2; twelve serotype 4; six serotype 5; four serotype 13; and seven serotype 14. Serotyping could not be performed on the remaining 21 samples. All isolates were characterized using AFLP, with a discriminatory index of 0.98, but reproducibility of this technique is not good. Regarding PFGE, 14 strains were genotyped using enzyme Sma I; yet, with enzyme Not I, all strains presented band size and discriminatory index power of 0.95. The profiles obtained using PFGE with Not I presented better correlation with the origin and serotype of the strains, suggesting that this technique could be used in epidemiological studies with promising results.
Bajay, Miklos Maximiliano. "Diversidade e estrutura genética de Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J.F. Macbr. em áreas em processo de restauração florestal e remanescentes de Mata Atlântica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-02062014-132710/.
Full textThe Atlantic Forest is considered one of the world biomes for conservation priority due to the high richness of its biodiversity. The preservation of natural vegetation should be associated to forest restoration, so that the continuity of this rich biota can be ensured. Recent studies and practices of reforestation in degraded areas have taken population genetics as a great ally. Several of the forest restoration projects carried out in Brazil so far has been concerned just with floristic diversity, contemplating low genetic diversity. This fact has created many problems related to the biological viability of their communities. The present project proposes to carry out a study on the diversity genetic structure of the arboreal species Piptadenia gonoacantha (Mart.) J. F. Macbr. In this study, we used six chloroplast simple-sequence repeats (cpSSRs), AFLP markers and the construction of an enriched SSR DNA library to investigate the genetic diversity of P. gonoacantha. This species was evaluated in two areas that are under forest restoration process and compared then with two natural remnants of semideciduous seasonal Atlantic Forest. 12 SSR markers were obtained and the average HO=0.251 was smaller than the average HE=0.494, evidencing a heterozygote deficit (average FIS= 0.342). The samples shows a strong structure with a significant differentiation. FST values were 0.283, 0.83 and 0.177 for SSR, cpSSR and AFLP respectively. The cluster analyzes clearly demarcating the samples of the four populations. cpSSR markers showed 16 haplotypes, ten of them were found in the remaining native forest and eight in the restored areas. Ten AFLP outliers loci were found. The three types of markers detected a higher genetic diversity in natural remnant than in restored areas. Despite the lower diversity presented by the restored areas compared with areas of forest remaining, the effective population size estimated for these areas allows the maintenance of existing variability. The results of this study prove that there is greater genetic diversity in the remaining natural areas than in the areas undergoing a reforestation process. The information obtained may be used for the sustainable management of this species, as well as for conservation planning.
Gomes, Cleise Ribeiro. "Isolamento e caracterização genotípica de cepas de Bordetella avium através da eletroforese em campo pulsado (PFGE) e polimorfismo do comprimento de fragmentos amplificados (AFLP)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-25092012-110758/.
Full textBordetella avium is the etiologic agent of avian bordetellosis, a highly contagious disease that affects the upper respiratory tract of birds. B. avium adheres preferentially to ciliated tracheal epithelial cells, promoting inflammation and deformation of the respiratory mucosa. Infections of the respiratory tract of birds resulting in large losses for the entire poultry industry in this way, this study aimed to characterize genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates of B. avium from turkeys with a history of Airsacculitis. Among the 300 animals examined, B. avium was isolated from 13 turkeys and 20 strains were selected for further studies. Through the antibiogram performed by disk diffusion technique was observed a high number of strains resistant to beta-lactamic antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin and ceftiofur), as well as, lincomycin, sulfonamides and sulfonamide combination/ trimethoprim (cotrimoxazole) and a high level of heterogeneity resulting in 15 different profiles. The antimicrobials with higher levels of sensitivity were florfenicol, followed by quinolones, doxycycline and tetracycline. All strains were characterized through to PFGE and AFLP, presenting 15 pulsotypes and 16 genetic profiles, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic methods showed similar discriminatory capacity and presented a high diversity among isolates examined.
Zucon, Luciane Tieko Shinya. "Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de amostras de Salmonella spp. isoladas de suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-16072008-151833/.
Full textAmong relevant microorganisms to food security, Salmonella has been highlighted as a major cause of food borne diseases, being a constant concern for poultry and pig production chain. The goal of this study was to investigate the Salmonella spp incidence in healthy pigs at slaughter, as well as in pigs showing salmonellosis clinical signs, characterize strains by serotyping, Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and Pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifty animals, presenting salmonelosis suggestive clinical symptoms, from 12 swine herds from Sao Paulo, Parana and Rio Grande do Sul states were examined and clinical materials such as stool samples, lymph nodes and carcass swab from 124 animals from four Slaughterhouses in Sao Paulo state were analyzed. Among the pigs with clinical symptoms, 38% of the animals were positive for the Salmonella spp. isolation. Forty five strains were selected and classified as S.Typhimurium (29/45), S. Choleraesuis (9/45), S. Infantis (3/45) and S. enterica subsp. enterica (4/45). From the 124 healthy pigs studied, 16.12% were positive for the agent. Thirty nine strains were isolated and classified, by serotyping, as S. London (11/39), S. Anatum (11/39), S. Typhimurium (8/39), S. Agona (2/39), S. Enteritidis (2/39) and S. enterica subsp. enterica (5/39). Through AFLP, genetic characterization of isolates showed discriminatory index of 0.85 and generated 12 distinct profiles. The PFGE discriminatory index was 0.96, showing 31 distinct patterns. Both techniques allowed a good correlation between the isolates, its serotypes and isolation locations, suggesting great potential of its application in genotyping of Salmonella spp.
Mistak, Daniel Joseph. "AFLP markers demonstrate male heterogamety in a fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) population." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2008/d_mistak_042208.pdf.
Full textKonzen, Enéas Ricardo. "Análise morfológica, bioquímica e genética do brilho do tegumento em variedades de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-09022012-103001/.
Full textSeveral characteristics interfere in acceptability of common bean varieties (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by consumers, like seed coat shininess. Generally, varieties with shiny seed coat are rejected by consumers due to their difficult cooking. However, shininess could confer resistance to insects attak and also pathogens to the seed, giving an advantage for this trait in common bean breeding. The presence of shininess is due the expression of the Asp (Asper) gene in the dominant allelic form. Other gene, J (Joker), interferes on the expression of this characteristic, with j conditioning a less shiny seed coat and changing seed coat color. J is considered the precursor of a class of polyfenols called pro-anthocyanidins. In the presence of j these compounds are not synthesized. In the present work we genotyped common bean landraces [Shiny Serro Azul (SAB shiny seed coat) and Dull Serro Azul (SAF dull seed coat) and Puebla-152 (P-152 shiny)] and the cultivar Diamante Negro (DN dull), contrasting for seed coat shininess. Phenotypic, morphological and biochemical analyses allowed to genotype all varieties and evaluate the segregation of shinines in populations derived from crosses between contrasting genotypes: SAF x SAB and P-152 x DN. Results showed that varieties do not vary for J, only for Asp. SAB and P-152 carry Asp and SAF and DN carry asp. In all crosses segregation was of three shiny (Asp) for one opaque (asp) in F2 and of five shiny for three dull in F3. Based on the results, all varities were contrasted by AFLP markers, analyzing genetic similarity and identifying differencial bands among all of them. Further it was used the Bulk Segregant Analysis method in population F2 of the cross P-152 x DN, aiming to find candidate AFLP markers for shininess mapping. We found markers associated but they revealed to be false positives. Further analyses using microsatellite markers or sinteny comparisons with soybean genome could be done, aiming to find specific markers linked to this trait
Coutinho, Tania Alen. "Caracterização de amostras de Erysipelothrix spp. isoladas de suínos nos últimos 30 anos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-24032011-152836/.
Full textErysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is an important pathogen in swine production and even with the frequent use of vaccines against it in most of Brazilian pig farms, the occurrence of clinical manifestations of its infection has been widely observed and diagnosed. Given the resurgence of this agent as a cause of economic losses to the national pig industry and its potential risk to public health, this study aimed to characterize 151 samples of Erysipelothrix spp. isolated from swine in last 30 years by serotyping, determination of antimicrobial susceptibility, AFLP and PFGE. Among the 151 isolates, 139 were classified in 18 different serotypes (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24 and 25) and serotype 2b was the most frequent. The susceptibility profiles were very similar among the isolates, which precluded the subtyping of Erysipelothrix spp. isolates by sensitivity tests. Among the primers tested in AFLP, the HI-G was the most suitable for molecular typing of Erysipelothrix spp. Despite AFLP/HI-G and PFGE provided the same discriminatory index (0.98), PFGE presented better relationship with epidemiological data than AFLP/HI-G, given the types of groups generated by it. Regardless of the molecular technique employed, there was no discrimination between recent and historical isolates as well as a fixed epidemiological pattern of grouping them. Nevertheless AFLP/HI-G could be an interesting alternative for Erysipelothrix species discrimination, even as PFGE has a good potential to diferenciate this genus according to serotypes.
Shirahige, Fernando Hoshino. "Avaliação de linhagens de soja derivadas de dois cruzamentos com diferentes níveis de divergência genética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-11112014-143254/.
Full textThere is limited information in relation to comparison of populations derived from crosses with different levels of genetic divergence (DG) in soybeans. This work was carried out to compare the performance of two soybean populations derived from parents with low and high DG. From two two-way crosses of soybeans with different levels of AFLP molecular marker genetic divergence (DG): low DG (IAC-12 x IAC-100) and high DG (EMBRAPA-60 x EMGOPA-315), one hundred F2:3 progenies were evaluated in three environments and then selected the 25 high yielding progenies. Ten inbred lines were derived in the generation F5:7 from each of 25 high yielding progeny giving rise to approximately 250 inbred lines for each cross. Evaluation trials were carried out in the 2012/13 growing season, using a split plot design, where progenies were allocated in the plots and inbred lines within progenies in the subplots, and plots arranged according to a 5x5 balanced lattice (six replications). Subplots consisted of 2 m rows spaced by 0.5 m, with 30 plants after thinning. The following traits were recorded: number of days to maturity (DM), plant height at maturity (AM), lodging (AC) and grain yield (PG). The following parameters were estimated: general mean, amplitude of variation of inbred lines within progenies means, genetic variance of inbred lines within progenies ( ?^2 l/p ), phenotypic variance on inbred lines within progenies mean basis ( ?^ 2 F(l/p) ), heritability coefficients on inbred line mean basis ( h ^2 X(l/p) ) and expected response to selection (Rs) on inbred line mean basis. For all traits, general means were higher for the high DG cross. For PG, AM and DM, genetic variance among inbred lines within F5:7 progenies were higher for the high DG cross, as well as the amplitude of variation of inbred line means. As a result, expected response to selection for grain yield (PG) was 47.6% higher, on average, as well as the proportion of high yielding inbred lines for the high DG cross. General results indicate that the use of genetically divergent parents based on AFLP molecular markers for choosing parents for crossings can be useful to reduce the number of crossings, and thus, to improve the efficiency of selection for grain yield in soybeans.
Spindola, Maria Garcia. "Isolamento e caracterização de Campylobacter coli e Campylobacter jejuni em cortes de carne de frango e suíno comercializados na cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-19022018-162759/.
Full textCurrently, Campylobacteriosis represents an important zoonosis in both developed and developing countries. In Brazil, several studies report a high frequency of pigs excreting the agent in the feces, but the contamination of marketed pork has been insufficiently evaluated, especially with regard to the presence of Campylobacter spp. The incidence of this agent in cuts of poultry meat is more detailed; however, there are still studies lacking that clarify the epidemiology of the disease. The main aims of the present study were to evaluate the presence of Campylobacter spp. in chicken and pork cuts sold in municipal markets, butchers and small markets distributed in the five regions of the city of São Paulo. Of the 115 pork samples evaluated, seven were Campylobacter coli isolation positive and 31 of the 105 chicken samples were contaminated with Campylobacter jejuni or Campylobacter coli. Of the 38 chicken and pork positive samples, 60 strains were selected, which were characterized by species using polymerase chain reaction and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. They were also assessed for antimicrobial resistance profile and were genotyped by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). From the results obtained six strains were selected to carry out the complete genome sequencing and from the genome analysis the STs, the resistance genes and the virulence genes were identified.
Sirviö, A. (Anu). "The role of factors promoting genetic diversity within social insect colonies." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514262074.
Full textTero, N. (Niina). "Genetic structure at different spatial scales in metapopulations of Silene tatarica." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2005. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9514277694.
Full textQubbaj, Tawfiq A. H. "Physiological and molecular responses of resistant and susceptible apple cultivars of Malus domestica L. to the Rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini)." Beuren Stuttgart Grauer, 2005. http://d-nb.info/989884813/04.
Full textRodrigues, Maria Gabriela Fontanetti [UNESP]. "Caracterização genética de seleções irradiadas de figueira por marcadores moleculares (RAPD e AFLP)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96965.
Full textFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A figueira (Ficus carica L.) é uma frutífera de grande importância mundial e, neste sentido, o melhoramento genético se torna uma linha de pesquisa importante para a melhoria da cultura, sendo necessário reunir informações sobre esta espécie, principalmente em relação à sua variabilidade genética, para que projetos de propagação e manejo adequados sejam realizados. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a existência de variabilidade genética, por marcadores moleculares RAPD e AFLP, de seleções originadas de estacas provenientes de gemas irradiadas com raio gama. O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal - SP, utilizando-se estacas de cinco seleções de figueira obtidas em trabalho anterior realizado na Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparando-as entre si e utilizando a cultivar Roxo-de- Valinhos como parâmetro de comparação. Não há polimorfismo entre os tratamentos, indicando uma possível variação epigenética, devendo ser testada com outras técnicas sensíveis à uma possível metilação do DNA
The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit of great importance worldwide and in this sense, the genetic improvement becomes an important line of research to improve the culture, it is necessary to gather information about this species, especially in relation to their variability gene for propagation projects and handling are carried out. This study aims to determine the existence of genetic variability of selections originated from cuttings from buds irradiated with gamma rays, using the RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. The experiment was conducted at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Jaboticabal - SP, using cuttings from five fig selections obtained in a previous study conducted at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparing them with each other and using the Roxo-de-Valinhos cultivar for comparison. There was no polymorphism between treatments, indicating a possible epigenetic variation and should be tested with other techniques sensitive to a DNA methylation
Molin, Dayane. "DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA EM MILHO CRIOULO ATRAVÉS DOS MARCADORES MOLECULARES RAPD, MICROSSATÉLITE E AFLP." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2012. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/953.
Full textFundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
The wide variability in corn is due to the numerous landraces, important genotypes for breeding programs, because they constitute a source of genetic variability in the exploration of new genes of economic interest. The objectives were to analyze the genetic diversity between landraces from Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná through the analysis of polymorphism generated by RAPD, microsatellite (SSR) and AFLP markers; cluster these genotypes through estimates of genetic similarity and establish possible relationships between genetic similarity and the sampling sites of the landraces. PCR reactions for each marker were optimized through specific protocols being used: 30 RAPD primers, 47 SSR primers pairs and 25 combinations of primers for the EcoRI + MseI for the AFLP marker. The amplified fragments (RAPD and SSR) were visualized in agarose gel at 2 and 3 %, respectively, through horizontal electrophoresis run for approximately 4 h at 80 V. The AFLP amplification products were resolved on a polyacrylamide gel (6 %) submitted to a vertical electrophoresis run for 3 h 30 min at 80 W (1500 V). Genotyping of the varieties of corn with the RAPD marker amplified 409 fragments with a polymorphism average rate of 81.9 %. The SSR generated 134 fragments with 78.3 % of polymorphism. On the other hand, the AFLP amplified 1889 fragments with a polymorphism average rate of only 40.3 %. The polymorphic fragments were submitted to analysis of genetic similarity using the Jaccard coefficient and UPGMA clustering method individually and jointly for all markers. The coefficient mean of similarity was 57 % for RAPD, 56 % for SSR, 74 % for the AFLP and 69 % for the joint analysis. The dendrograms obtained from RAPD and SSR showed 8 different groups, while the dendrogram obtained from AFLP and the joint analysis formed six and seven groups, respectively. In general, the correlations between the similarity matrices were low, but between the AFLP and combined analysis was 96 %. Results revealed a wide genetic variability among landraces. The RAPD and SSR had the highest average rates of polymorphism and AFLP showed the highest rates of genetic similarity among landraces. In general, the markers used were effective tools for sampling the genetic diversity and cluster varieties according to the sampling sites, although they have differential capacity to reveal polymorphism as well as to cluster the landraces.
A ampla variabilidade existente em milho deve-se às inúmeras variedades crioulas, genótipos importantes para o melhoramento, pois constituem fonte de variabilidade genética na prospecção de novos genes de interesse econômico. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram analisar a diversidade genética existente entre acessos de milho crioulo oriundos do Rio Grande do Sul e do Paraná a partir da análise do polimorfismo gerado pelos marcadores RAPD, microssatélite (SSR) e AFLP; realizar o agrupamento destes genótipos através das estimativas da similaridade genética e estabelecer possíveis relações entre a similaridade genética e os locais de coleta das variedades crioulas. As reações de PCR para cada marcador foram otimizadas através de protocolos específicos, sendo utilizados: 30 primers RAPD, 47 pares de primers SSR e 25 combinações de primers EcoRI + MseI para o marcador AFLP. Os fragmentos amplificados (RAPD e SSR) foram visualizados em gel de agarose a 2 e 3 %, respectivamente, através de corrida eletroforética horizontal por aproximadamente 4 h a 80 V. Os produtos da amplificação do AFLP foram resolvidos em gel de poliacrilamida (6 %) submetidos à corrida eletroforética vertical por 3 h e 30 minutos a 80 W (1500 V). A genotipagem das variedades de milho com o marcador RAPD amplificou 409 fragmentos com índice médio de polimorfismo de 81,9 %. O SSR gerou 134 fragmentos com 78,3 % de polimorfismo. Por outro lado, o AFLP amplificou 1889 fragmentos com índice médio de polimorfismo de apenas 40,3 %. Os fragmentos polimórficos foram submetidos às análises de similaridade genética através do coeficiente de Jaccard e de agrupamento pelo método UPGMA individualmente e conjuntamente para os marcadores. O coeficiente médio de similaridade foi de 57 % para o RAPD; 56 % para o SSR; 74 % para o AFLP e 69 % para a análise conjunta. Os dendogramas obtidos a partir do RAPD e SSR mostraram 8 grupos distintos, enquanto que o dendograma obtido a partir do AFLP e da análise conjunta formaram 6 e 7 grupos, respectivamente. De maneira geral, as correlações entre as matrizes de similaridade foram baixas, porém entre o AFLP e a análise conjunta foi de 96 %. Os resultados revelaram ampla variabilidade genética entre os acessos de milho crioulo. Os marcadores RAPD e SSR apresentaram os maiores índices médios de polimorfismo e o AFLP demonstrou maiores índices de similaridade genética entre os acessos crioulos. De maneira geral, os marcadores utilizados foram ferramentas eficientes para amostrar a diversidade genética e agrupar as variedades de acordo com os locais de coleta, embora possuam capacidade diferencial de revelar polimorfismo bem como para agrupar os acessos crioulos de milho.
Rodrigues, Maria Gabriela Fontanetti. "Caracterização genética de seleções irradiadas de figueira por marcadores moleculares (RAPD e AFLP) /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96965.
Full textAbstract: The fig (Ficus carica L.) is a fruit of great importance worldwide and in this sense, the genetic improvement becomes an important line of research to improve the culture, it is necessary to gather information about this species, especially in relation to their variability gene for propagation projects and handling are carried out. This study aims to determine the existence of genetic variability of selections originated from cuttings from buds irradiated with gamma rays, using the RAPD and AFLP molecular markers. The experiment was conducted at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - UNESP - Jaboticabal - SP, using cuttings from five fig selections obtained in a previous study conducted at the Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira - UNESP, comparing them with each other and using the Roxo-de-Valinhos cultivar for comparison. There was no polymorphism between treatments, indicating a possible epigenetic variation and should be tested with other techniques sensitive to a DNA methylation
Orientador: Antonio Baldo Geraldo Martins
Coorientadora: Janete Apparecida Desidério
Banca: Luiz de Souza Corrêa
Banca: Bianca Waléria Bertoni
Mestre
Paula, Gabriela Barbosa Navarro de. "Estudos em Hypochaeris tropicalis Cabrera (Asteraceae) utilizando marcadores moleculares AFLP, SSR e ITS." Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, EMBRAPA. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, 2015. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000204131.
Full textHypochaeris tropicalis is a species with restrict distribution in southeast of Rio Grande do Sul state in Brasil, with a few reports in Argentina and Uruguay. This study aim to determine the population genetic structure of the species, as well as to define the phylogenetic position of the species within the South American Hypochaeris. For this purpose we used AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), microsatellites (SSR-Simple Sequence Repeats) and ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequences. Six AFLP primer combinations and nine SSR primer pairs were applied for population studies. The AFLP technique allowed the identification of 1,488 markers, with an average of 67% of polymorfism. PCR amplification of the nine SSR loci idenfied a total of 56 aleles and an average of 6,2 aleles per locus. Both, AFLP and SSRs, idenfied higher variation (91,06 e 97,08) within than amog (8,94 e 2,92) populations, suggesting that H. tropicalis is predominantly alogamous. The population genetic structure of the species was low, possibly because of the recent colonization and diversification of the genus in the South American continent. ITS sequences and AFLP markers were also used to define the phylogenetic position of H. tropicalis. For this purposes eight species native to South America, H. angustifólia, the presumed ancestor of the group, and two European species (outgroups) were investigated. Three AFLP primer combinations identified 1.213 markers with 88% of polymorphism while the ITS sequences rendered 643 characters but, only 13.7% were informative. The AFLP data and ITS sequences allowed the insertion of the phylogeny of H. tropicalis Hypochaeris in South America.
Gomes, Vasco Tulio de Moura. "Caracterização genotípica e fenotípica de cepas de Escherichia coli associadas à doença do edema em suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-13062013-102027/.
Full textEdema disease affects weaning piglets and is caused by a host adapted Escherichia coli and producer of Stx2e toxin. The edema disease is characterized by swollen eyelids, ataxia, recumbence, convulsions, paralysis, or sudden death. In the present study were evaluated 158 E. coli strains Stx2e toxin gene positive isolated from 62 animals, from 13 swine herds located at Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Mato Grosso, Paraná, São Paulo, Goiás and Minas Gerais States. Strains were submitted to resistance profile determination, virulence genes detection, phylogenetic group characterization, toxin expression in Vero cell culture, genotypic characterization through pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and single enzyme amplified fragments length polymorphism (SEAFLP). Among the 158 strains stx2e+ were identified 83.5% (132/158) resistant to more than three or more classes of antimicrobials, High levels of resistance were found against tetracycline, sulfonamide and florfenicol. The frequency of virulence genes associated to edema disease as F18 fimbriae, for example, was low in relation to other studies. All 158 tested strains presented Stx2e toxin expression and cytotoxic effect in Vero cell culture. The characterization of phylogenetic groups permitted the distribution of strains in four groups described as follow: group A 27.2% (43/158), group B1 3.8% (6/158), group B2 39.2% (62/158) and group D 29.8% (47/158). The strains were characterized through PFGE and the SE-AFLP, and both techniques presented high discriminatory index (0.98 and 0.99 respectively). The association more frequently in both techniques was observed in relation to animal and herd origin. Despite to belong to one defined pathotype (STEC) and to be highly specialized in relation to host, the swine, it was observed a high variability of genetic and resistance profile among tested E. coli.
Gobbi, Débora Dirani Sena de. "Caracterização fenotípica e genotípica de isolados de Arcobacter spp. provenientes de suínos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-08092014-150431/.
Full textAmong the known species of the genus Arcobacter, the species A. butzleri, A. cryaerophilus and A. skirrowii are considered potentially zoonotic and can be transmitted by food of animal origin. This study aimed to isolate and characterize phenotypically and genotypically strains of Arcobacter spp from swine carcasses and slaughterhouse environment samples located in the State of São Paulo. The isolated strains were subjected to polymerase chain reaction for identification and detection of a group of putative virulence genes. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined against nine antimicrobials indicated for the control of infection by the agent and the strains were analyzed by PFGE and by AFLP. Among the 30 carcasses evaluated, 25 were positive for the agent and 70 strains were selected and identified as Arcobacter spp. The isolated species were A. butzleri (n = 61), A. cryaerophilus (n = 7) and A. skirrowii (n = 2). The frequency of virulence genes found ranged from 71.4 % to 100 % for genes tlyA , pldA , cj1349 , ciaB , cadF and mviN . The genes hecA, hecB and irgA were not detected. The virulence profile ciaB/ cj1349/ mviN/ cadF/ pldA/ tlyA was the most frequent and detected in 66 % of the strains. All strains were susceptible to gentamicin and tetracycline and 77.1% were multirresistant, among these the most common profile of resistance was azithromycin/ florfenicol/ nalidixic acid/ telithromycin/ clindamycin There were large genotypic diversity among strains by PFGE and AFLP and both techniques showed the same discriminatory power in the analysis of the isolated strains.
Amigo, Cristina Román. "Desenvolvimento da reação em cadeia pela polimerase para detecção de Actinobaculum suis e caracterização fenotípica e genotípica dos isolados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-21052013-151439/.
Full textActinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. The growth characteristics of this agent hamper the traditional bacterial isolation, which can make their prevalence underestimated. The purpose of this study was to develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Actinobaculum suis detection, to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of this technique and compare the results with bacterial isolation. Moreover, the isolates were characterized by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and subjected to determination of minimum inhibitory concentration for characterization of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. Forty-five preputial swabs from boars and a hundred and ninety-two urine samples from sows of three herds were analyzed. The results indicate that the developed PCR was specific for A. suis, presenting a limit detection between 1.0 X 101 UFC/ml and 1.0 X 102 UFC/ml. A.suis frequency by PCR was 82.2% (37/45) in male preputial swabs and 8.9% (17/192) in females urine. Through traditional isolation, none of the urine samples were positive, while A.suis growing was observed in 31.1% (14/45) of the swabs. From the positive samples of the preputial swabs were selected 20 A.suis strains. The susceptibility profiles among these strains were similar, but differed from the female isolates used as control. The PCR technique was more effective than isolation for the A.suis detection. The AFLP with a single enzyme was able to characterize all isolates and relate the data obtained with the strains origin and resistance profile. Until present, there are no reports of genotypic characterization of A. suis strains through AFLP or agent detection by PCR.
Rahman, M. A. "Analysis of the sex chromosomes and autosomes of rumex acetosa by AFLP and cytology." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271509.
Full textPatel, Simit. "Local adaptation in the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis : exploratory genetic analysis with AFLP markers." Thesis, University of Reading, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559281.
Full textQuadri, Asima. "Assessment of genetic diversity in Asarum canadense L. using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1371851.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Palhares, Alessandra Carolina. "Mapeamento genético de marcadores AFLP e de retrotransposons em cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-24052010-105229/.
Full textIn the presenty study, AFLPs and retrotransposon-based markers were used for the construction of an integrated linkage map of sugarcane. Two retrotransposons described in the sugarcane genome, named SURE and Garapa were studied. The principles of NBS-profiling technique were used to generate markers based on these retrotransposon sequences. The markers were analyzed in a F1-population, composed of 188 individuals, derived from a single cross between the IAC66-6 and TUC71-7 parents. The integrated genetic map was constructed using the software OneMap, specially designed for mapping outcrossing species. Excellent gel profiles of AFLP and retrotransposon-derived markers were obtained; however, for the Garapa element, technical adjustments are still needed. A total of 600 single-dose markers were obtained from 22 AFLP restriction enzyme/primer combinations and six combinations optimized to amplify the SURE-based markers. A map with 107 linkage groups was constructed, spanning 4,316.5 cM, with a marker density of 8.74 cM. Mapping of SURE-based markers revealed that this element is not uniformly distributed across the linkage groups, and confirmed its low copy number in the sugarcane genome, as suggested in the literature.
Maia, Thiago Andrade. "Análise da estrutura genética da população de Hemileia vastatrix com base no marcador AFLP." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2009. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4373.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Obtaining coffee plants with durable resistance to coffee rust has been hindered by the lack of information about the evolutionary potential of Hemileia vastatrix. Seeking to give subsidies to the breeding program, the population structure of H. vastatrix was analyzed based on AFLP markers. To do this, 91 pathogen isolates were collected in genotypes from Coffea arabica, C. canephora, Híbrido de Timor and Icatu derivatives cultivated in the main production regions in Brazil. After the selective amplification using four primer combinations (EcoRI/MseI), 100 polymorphic fragments were analyzed. Each isolate presented a unique pattern of AFLP alleles, accounting for a high genotype diversity. The genetic similarity between the H. vastatrix isolates ranged from 0.08 to 0.70 and no cluster formations were observed in the dendrogram. There was no correlation between genetic and geographical distance between the isolates (r = 0.307, P = 0.234). H. vastatrix isolates were separated based on the host in three populations (Coffea arabica, C. canephora and Híbrido de Timor/Icatu derivates) and low genetic differentiation (GST = 0.026) was observed among them. After analyzing the populations, subdivided based on their geographical area, the genetic diversity (HT, HS and GST) showed no significant difference among the populations and based on AMOVA it was verified that a genetic variance (99.56%) exists within the pathogen populations. The analysis of the number of migrants (Nm) revealed a high gene flow rate among the populations originating from different hosts. The association index showed that the hypothesis of random mating was not rejected among H. vastatrix isolates from the C. canephora population (IA = 0.15, P = 0.18). The presented results show that H. vastatrix populations are not consistent with clonal reproduction indicating a high evolutionary potential, which would have direct implications in handling this pathosystem, mainly in the variety with durable resistance obtained.
A obtenção de cafeeiros com resistência durável à ferrugem tem sido dificultada pela carência de informação sobre o potencial evolutivo de Hemileia vastatrix. Visando dar subsídios ao programa de melhoramento, a estrutura genética da população de H. vastatrix foi analisada com base no marcador AFLP. Para isso, amostrou-se 91 isolados do fungo em genótipos de Coffea arabica, C. canephora e derivados de Híbrido de Timor e Icatu cultivados nas principais regiões produtoras do Brasil. Após amplificação seletiva usando quatro combinações de primers (EcoRI/MseI), 100 fragmentos polimórficos foram analisados. Cada isolado apresentou um padrão único de alelos AFLP, demonstrando alta diversidade genotípica. A similaridade genética entre os isolados do patógeno variou de 0,08 a 0,70 e nenhuma formação de grupos foi observada no dendrograma. Não houve correlação entre similaridade genética e distância geográfica entre os isolados (r = 0,307, P = 0,234). Os isolados de H. vastatrix foram agrupados com base no hospedeiro em três populações (C. arabica, C. canephora e derivados de Híbrido de Timor/Icatu) e observou-se baixa diferenciação genética (GST = 0,026) entre elas. Após analisar as populações subdivididas com base na região geográfica a diversidade gênica (HT, HS e GST) não variou significativamente entre as populações e com base na AMOVA verificou-se que a variância genética (99,56%) ocorre dentro da população de H. vastatrix. A análise do número de migrantes (Nm) revelou alta taxa de fluxo gênico entre as populações originadas de hospedeiros distintos. Com base no índice de associação, a hipótese de acasalamento aleatório não foi rejeitada (IA = 0,22, P = 0,12) para a população do fungo proveniente de C. canephora. Os resultados apresentados demonstram que a população de H. vastatrix não possui uma estrutura populacional clonal, indicando um alto potencial evolutivo, o que traria implicações diretas no manejo deste patossistema, principalmente na obtenção de variedade com resistência durável.
Lopes, Ester Souza. "Sequenciamento e caracterização de fragmentos de DNA de Brucella abortus gerados po SE-AFLP." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/70184.
Full textBrucella species are the cause of brucellosis, one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases around the world, which is cause abortion in domestic animals and potentially debilitating infection in humans. Despite the identification of different species within the genus, based on the difference of host and pathogenicity, the genre has been described as genetically homogeneous. Molecular techniques have been employed in order to differentiate and classify these organisms, and the most promising approach aims to identify polymorphisms between species and biovars. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic profile of different strains of B. abortus obtained by the technique of SE-AFLP to determine the sequence of the fragments obtained and genes that may be present in the selected fragments and compare them to databases of genes and proteins in prokaryotes. We selected 19 fragments that were purified, sequenced and the sequences obtained, subject to several bioinformatics tools aiming at its characterization and identification. None of the fragments showed nucleotide similarity between themselves and / or other sequence already known from other organisms, including known sequences of the genus Brucella. Of the 114 hypothetical proteins generated by translation of genomic sequences 57% (65 sequences) showed low level of similarity to proteins described and available in blastp (protein non-redundant and SwissProt), ranging between 29 and 43. Of the proteins similar 85% were attributed to functional proteins and 14% to hypothetical proteins. These new sequences should be used in other studies to verify its completeness and specificity within the species and biovars of Brucella.
Sarvela, Erika Renee. "DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN INVASIVE AND NATIVE POPULATIONS OF BIGHEAD AND SILVER CARP USING MS-AFLP." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2807.
Full textPotter, Maria Louise. "AFLP fingerprint analysis of hybrid salamanders in the Missouri Caverns section of Onondaga Cave." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2008. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Potter_Maria_09007dcc80679a5b.pdf.
Full textVita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed June 9, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-111).
Larsson, Josefine. "Population genetic structure and connectivity of the abundant sea urchin, Diadema setosum around Unguja island (Zanzibar)." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för livsvetenskaper, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2824.
Full textKabbage, Mehdi. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism in Mycosphaerella graminicola." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/255.
Full textMotta, Lucimar Barbosa da. "Aspectos químicos e moleculares ligados à filogenia de Camarea (Malpighiaceae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-05112007-112440/.
Full textCamarea St.-Hil. (Malpighiaceae) is a genus with eight species endemic in South America. The purpose of the present work was the attainment of a phylogenetic inference of the genus by means of chemical and molecular evidences. Nine accessions were analyzed: seven correspond to currently recognized species; one is a species sunk into synonymy (C. triphylla = C. axillaris); and a last one is a hypothesized hybrid. Peixotoa reticulata and Janusia guaranitica were used as out-groups. n-Alkanes from epicuticular waxes and flavonoids were analyzed from all species. The main alkanes of all distributions were either C29 or C31 or C33, all from the normal series. The characteristic flavonoids of Camarea were shown to be apigenin, luteolin, chrysoeriol, kaempferol and quercetin. A cluster analysis based on the alkane distribution using UPGMA and Euclidean distances provided two main clusters. One cluster is characterized by C29 as main homologue and is formed by C. hirsuta, C. affinis, C. affinis x hirsuta and C. ericoides. The other cluster has species with either C31 or C33 as main homologue and is formed by C. elongata, C. humifusa, C. sericea, C. axillaris and C. triphylla (= C. axillaris). These two main clusters contain smaller inner clusters. An analysis using UPGMA and DICE coefficients and based on the distribution of flavonoid aglycones provided a dendrogram with clusters congruent with affinities revealed by the alkane evidence, such as the groupings: 1) C. hirsuta, C. affinis and C. affinis x hirsuta; 2) C. elongata and C. axillaris; 3) C. sericea and C. humifusa. A phylogenetic molecular inference was obtained with sequences from two chloroplast (trnL-F and rps16) and one nuclear (ITS) DNA regions. Among the analyses based on a single marker, more consistent results were obtained with ITS, which provided 49 informative phylogenetic characters, while trnL-F and rps16 provided 10 and 18 informative characters, respectively. A strict consensus analysis based on four more parsimonious trees from an analysis combining sequences of the three DNA regions gave a cladogram showing Camarea as a monophyletic group with bootstrap support (BS) 100. The cladogram contains several polytomies and clades with low support. An AFLP analysis, using four combinations of selective primers, provided 217 polymorphic fragments. Data from sequencing and AFLP were combined in a phylogenetic analysis. A sole more parsimonious tree was obtained, with most clades completely resolved with and high support. A polytomy remained, grouping C. affinis, C. ericoides, C. hirsuta and C. affinis x hirsuta. The combination of all molecular and chemical evidences (the latter comprising three alkane and five flavonoid characters) was used for a phylogenetic analysis. A sole more parsimonious tree was obtained, completely resolved and with clades highly supported. The results support sinking C. triphylla into synonymy of C. axillaris and indicate strong kinship: 1) between C. humifusa and C. sericea (BS 94); 2) among C. affinis, C. affinis x C. hirsuta, C. hirsuta and C. ericoides (BS 83); 3) between C. axillaris and C. elongata (BS 100). C. affinis, C. hirsuta and C. affinis x C. hirsuta share the possession of chrysoeriol. C. affinis and C. affinis x C. hirsuta share the possession also of luteolin and form a clade with BS 70. The present work reveals the utility of chemical characters to improve resolution of phylogenies and increment clade support.
Pattanaik, Swapnendu. "Distribution, diversity and relationships in Dendrocalamus hamiltonii Munro : an appraisal using GIS and AFLP markers." Thesis, Bangor University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445098.
Full textVan, Staden Derick. "AFLP and PCR markers for the Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 resistance genes in maize." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52078.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Maize is undoubtedly South Africa's most important field crop. The identification of markers and genes for traits of interest is important to sustain the improvement of maize cultivation. Northern corn leaf blight (NClB) is a disease that occurs worldwide and can dramatically reduce yield. A number of single dominant resistance genes have been identified for NClB and some have been mapped. Currently there are no simple PCR markers for any of these resistance genes, making markerassisted selection (MAS) difficult. The aim of this study was to develop PCR markers for the NClB resistance genes Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 and Htn1 in maize. To accomplish this, the AFlP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) technique was first optimised. The results indicated that the Mlul/Msel restriction enzyme combination produces a higher percentage of polymorph isms when compared to the PstllMsel enzyme combination. It was also shown that the enzyme combination plays an important role in the percentage of polymorphic fragments observed, whereas the number of restriction enzymes used in AFlP analysis only significantly affects the total number of fragments scored. Populations segregating for the different resistance genes were not available for this study. Nearly-isogenic lines (Nils) were used in combination with AFlP technology to identify markers that map close to the genes. AFlP markers common in at least two resistant or susceptible lines were cloned and converted to PCR markers. Two commercially available recombinant inbred line (Ril) populations were then used to map the identified markers. For Htn1 fifteen polymorphic fragments were present in both resistant lines. They were selected for sequence specific marker conversion. Seven of the fifteen sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers were polymorphic on the Nil pairs and five mapped to one region of maize chromosome 8.05/06. Twenty-one AFlP markers were identified for Ht1 and four SCAR markers were polymorphic In the Ht1 Nils. Three of these were mapped to chromosome 2.07. Three AFlP markers were identified for Ht2 of which two were converted to SCAR markers. Both SCAR markers were polymorphic on the Ht2 Nils and mapped to chromosome 8.05/06. On the Ht3 NILs, four AFLP markers were identified and two converted SCAR markers and one microsatellite marker (bnlg1666) were polymorphic. One of the SCAR markers and the microsatellite marker were mapped to chromosome 7.04 using a RIL population. This reports the first tentative mapping position for the Ht3 locus. The next step was to determine if a set of marker alleles could be used in a number of Htn 1 resistance lines to identify a common donor region selected by the breeders. Nine markers consisting of five SCAR markers, three converted RFLP markers and one microsatellite marker were used on 16 Htn1 resistant lines. The marker allele of us3 was in 12 of the 16 lines in coupling with Htn1 resistance. Second was the marker us5 in 11 of the 16 lines. Using this data 14 of the 16 lines shared a common introgressed region between the markers us3 and us5. A further common introgressed region between 11 of the inbred lines was found between the markers us14 and asg17. The last aim of this study was to propose a new marker technique that might be more successful than the AFLP technique in the identification of markers closely linked to genes. A new marker approach was identified where a MITE (Hbr) primer was used as an anchor primer in combination with resistance gene analog primers. This was found to be a highly polymorphic marker technique that could be used to identify markers and possibly candidate genes. It is a robust technique, which is affordable since amplifications occur from undigested genomic DNA and the primers mainly amplify fragments from genic regions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mielies (Zea mays) is ongetwyfeld Suid Afrika se belangrikste lanbou gewas. Vir volgehoue opbrengs verbetering is die identifisering van merkers en gene vir belangrike eienskappe noodsaaklik. Noordelike blaarskroei (NBS) kan opbrengs wesenlik kan beïnvloed. Tans is daar reeds "n aantal enkel weerstandsgene geïdentifiseer, maar geen PKR-merkers is beskikbaar vir merker gebaseerde seleksie nie. Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om PKR-merkers te ontwikkel vir vier enkel weerstands gene (Ht1, Ht2, Ht3 en Htn1) teen NBS in mielies. Om die doelstelling te bereik is die AFLP-tegniek eers geoptimiseer. Op grond van waargenome aantal polimorfismes, was Mlul/Mse/"n beter restriksie ensiem kombinasie as Pstl/Msel. In die studie is ook bewys dat die aantal (meer as twee) restriksie ensieme wat gebruik word slegs die aantal fragmente, en nie die persentasie polimorfismes, wesenlik beïnvloed nie. Geen segregerende populasie was vir die verskillende gene beskikbaar nie. Naby isogeniese lyne (NILe) is daarom in kombinasie met die AFLP-tegniek gebruik om merkers te identifiseer wat naby die gene karteer. Alleenlik polimorfiese merkers wat in ten minste twee weerstand biedende of vatbare lyne voorgekom het, is gekloneer en omgeskakel na PKR-merkers. Daarna is twee kommersiële rekombinante ingeteelde lyn populasies gebruik om die gene te karteer. Vyftien fragmente is gevind wat gekoppel was met die Htn1 weerstand. Sewe van hierdie merkers is omgeskakel in polimorfiese SCAR-merkers waarvan vyf gekarteer is in een gebied op chromosoom 8.05/06. Een-en-twintig AFLP-merkers is geïndentifiseer vir Ht1 en vier is omgeskakel na polimorfiese SCAR-merkers. Drie hiervan is gekarteer op chromosoom 2.07. Drie AFLP-merkers is geïndetifiseer vir Ht2 waarvan 2 omgeskakel is na polimorfiese SCAR-merkers. Altwee hierdie merkers is gekarteer op chromosoom 8.05/06. Op die Ht3 lyne is vier AFLP-merkers geïdentifiseer waarvan twee omgeskakel is na polimorfiese SCAR-merkers. Een mikrosatelliet merker (bnlg1666) is ook gevind wat die selfde polimorfiese patroon wys op die Ht3 lyne. Die mikrosateliet en een van die SCAR-merkers het gekarteer op chromosomale posisie 7.04. Hierdie is die eerste tentatiewe posisie vir die Ht3 lokus. Die volgende stap was om te bepaal of "n stel polimorfiese merker-allele gebruik kan word om die donor DNA-segment te identifiseer wat die plantteiers geselekteer het. Nege PKR-merkers wat bestaan het uit vyf SCAR-merkers, 3 omgeskakelde RFLP merkers en een mikrosateliet is gebruik op 16 Hnt1 weerstandslyne. Us3 was die merker alleel wat in die meeste gevalle gekoppel was met die Htn1 weerstandslyne (12/16). Tweede was die merker us5 (in 11 van die 16 lyne). Uit die data blyk dit dat 14 van die 16 lyne "n donor segment het wat beide merkers us3 en us5 bevat. Merkers us14 en asg17 het in 11 van die 16 bestande lyne saam voorgekom. Die laaste doelstelling van hierdie studie was om "n nuwe tegniek te ontwikkel wat dalk meer suksesvol as AFLPs kan wees om merkers te identifiseer nabyaan gene. "n Nuwe tegniek word voorgestel waar "n MITE (Hbr) inleier gebruik kan word in kombinasie met weerstandgeen-analoog inleiers. Dit is gevind dat hierdie kombinasie van inleiers "n hoogs polimorfiese band patroon gee en dat die merkers ook dalk kandidaat-gene kan wees. Die tegniek is maklik uitvoerbaar, relatief goedkoop en maak gebruik van onverteerde genomiese DNA. Die fragmente wat geamplifiseer word is hoofsaaklik vanaf geenryke areas.
Lopes, Francisco Claudio da Conceição. "Mapeamento genético de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) por associação empregando marcadores SSR e AFLP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-29062011-152130/.
Full textSugarcane (Saccharum spp.) has an historical and economic relevance in Brazil. We are the largest producer and exporter of sugar and ethanol in the world. Sugar agribusiness has experienced a xx in the last decade not only in Brazil but also around the world as a consequence of increasing demand on renewable and clean sources of energy. As a consequence, the growing area with sugarcane in Brazil is expanding, reaching the central regions of the country. Sugarcane breeding has an important role in developing new cultivars adapted to these new conditions. However, most traits of economic importance in sugarcane have complex genetic architecture making the improvement of new sugarcane cultivars a challenging process. Thus, adoption of strategies that allow for rapid and precise detection of genes associated with quantitative traits is of great interest, representing a valuable tool for sugarcane breeding. Association mapping based on linkage disequilibrium represents a strategy useful for detection of marker-trait associations and may contribute for identifying genes useful for sugarcane breeding. In the present study, association mapping approach was applied to sugarcane in order to evaluate its potential contribution in detecting important associations between SSR and AFLP molecular markers and the characters Height, Diameter and Number of Stalks; % Fiber; % Pol and TCH. Phenotypic data for genotypes were collected from field trials in four locations: Ribeirão Preto, Jaú and Piracicaba in São Paulo and Goianésia in Goiás between 1993 and 2009. Marker-trait associations were tested for each location individually and for all locations simultaneously. A mixed model approach was adopted to test for marker-trait associations. The results suggested the existence of twelve associations involving the characters Stalk Number, % Pol and TCH. Four associations involved stalk number from which three (markers CIR56, ACG_CGT e AGG_CAG) were for all locations and one specific to Goiás (ACG_CAT). Seven associations between % Pol and markers CV60, CV106, AAG_CAC, AAG_CAG e ACG_CTT were detected in Ribeirão Preto. One association between TCH and ACG_CGC was detected in Piracicaba
Tsuji, Koji. "Original birthplace of cultivated Tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.)revealed by RAPD and AFLP markers." Kyoto University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/150759.
Full text0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第8987号
農博第1169号
新制||農||819(附属図書館)
学位論文||H13||N3506(農学部図書室)
UT51-2001-F317
京都大学大学院農学研究科応用生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 大西 近江, 教授 遠藤 隆, 教授 谷坂 隆俊
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Redondo, Mariana Letícia Costa. "Caracterização molecular por AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) de acessos de pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/64/64133/tde-03102011-094124/.
Full textPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is a very versatile plant with several potential uses especially for the production of biodiesel. The oil obtained from its seeds is the most profitable product of this specie and it is currently attracting great interest in various economic sectors. Molecular characterization and evaluation of reproductive potential of the accessions of pysic nut have still little attention in Brazil, it still need the characterization of Brazilian accessions and its potenciality. The ains of this study were: to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic divergence in commercial accessions of physic nut, from the States of São Paulo (Alvinlândia, Lins, Jales and Itatinga), Minas Gerais (Janaúba)and Mato Grosso do Sul (Dourados). Firstly we compared the RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) RAPD-RFLP (Fragment Length Polymorphism Restriction from RAPD) and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymprphism) regarding the potencial to detect polymorphism within the accessions and among accessions. Subsequently, the accessions were characterized by AFLP. Moreover this work aimed to detect whether there are differenced on flower structures and development and the rate of pollen viability on the accessions of São Paulo (Alvinlândia), Minas Gerias and Mato Grosso do Sul. On this part of the study were analysed and identified the structures of the floral organs and pollen grain through the techniques of, light microscopy, scanning electron and transmission microscopy. Comparing the molecular techniques, only AFLP allowed the detection of polymorphisms based on the accession chosen for testing (Alvinlândia, SP). Analyses of all accesses by AFLP showed considerable polymorphism, wich was reflected in estimates of genetic diversity index of Nei and Shannon. In cluster analysis, samples of each accessions were grouped consistently. The accessions of Dourados and Itatinga formed a separated group, with approximately 76% similarity with the second group (Alvinlândia, Jales, Lins, Janaúba). Within the last, accessions of São Paulo werte grouped (about 84% similarity), while Janaúba showed p separately, with 82% of genetic similarity. These results indicates that the accessions of São Paulo probably originates from Janaúba. However Itatinga probably originates from Dourados. As floral morphology, we observed no difference at microscope level on the formation and on the structures of floral organs. When compared the pollen grain viability between the two accessions collected in the field (Minas Gerais and Mato Grosso do Sul), it was noted that the viability rated were significantly different, even though the values being very close (Mato Grosso do Sul Minas Gerais 81,91% - 77,20%), shows that both the accessions of Minas Gerais as the Mato Grosso do Sul can be used as male parental in breeding programs. The moderate and low genetic divergence suggests that morphological variability collections of materials in a few locations could represent the genetis diversity of the species. Further studies employing techniques such as microsatellite and more accessions are required for an understanding of diversity and genetic structure of physic nut in Brazil
Kovach, Katherine Elizabeth. "Assessment of Genetic Variation of Acer rubrum L. and Liriodendron tulipifera L. Populations in Unmanaged Forests of the Southeast United States." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31282.
Full textMaster of Science
Jiménez, Arias Ana Patricia. "Genotipificación de Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mediante herramientas moleculares." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/62681.
Full text[ES] En los últimos años se han desarrollado diversas técnicas de genotipificación para aislados de Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) que han demostrado tener un alto poder discriminatorio. En este estudio, tras identificación de las cepas seleccionadas al nivel de especie mediante la técnica comercial GenoType MTBC, se ha evaluado la utilidad de la técnica simplificada del Polimorfismo de Longitud de Fragmentos Amplificados (AFLPs) y la técnica de Unidades Repetitivas Intercaladas Micobacterianas (MIRU-15). Se analizaron un total de 131 aislados clínicos de los cuales 68 aislados fueron recolectados en Ecuador, provenientes tanto del Laboratorio Clínico del Hospital Alli Causai ubicado en la ciudad de Ambato, provincia de Tungurahua como del Laboratorio de Bacteriología del Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín ubicado en la ciudad capital Quito, provincia de Pichincha. Los 63 aislados restantes fueron recolectados en España y pertenecían colección de microorganismos de los Servicios de Microbiología del Consorcio Hospital General Universitario y Hospital Clínico Universitario de la ciudad de Valencia, provincia de Valencia. De éstos aislados, 126 fueron identificados por métodos convencionales y moleculares como MTBC, correspondientes a 106 pacientes. La cepa control Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATCC 25177 también fue identificada como tal mediante este método. La técnica AFLPs permitió agrupar a las cepas en doce patrones (P1 a P8, P10, P12, P13, P14), de los cuales los más prevalentes fueron los patrones P1 y P2 con 77 (61,1%) y 27 (21,4%) aislados respectivamente, lo que supone el 82,5% del total de los mismos. Le siguieron en frecuencia el patrón P5 con 5 (3,9%) aislados, los patrones P3, P4 y P6 agruparon a 3 aislados cada uno (2,4%), los patrones P8 y P12 con 2 aislados (1,6%) y finalmente los patrones P7, P10, P13 y P14 con 1 aislado cada uno (0,8%). La cepa control M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177, mostró un perfil de restricción que no permitió su inclusión en ninguno de los patrones descritos. El poder discriminatorio del método (HGDI) fue de 0,5812 frente a 0.9843 de la técnica MIRU-15, que agrupó a 69 cepas (54,8%) en 20 complejos clonales y 57 patrones únicos (45,2%). Para el caso de España, las cepas estuvieron relacionadas en su mayoría con el linaje 4 o Euro-Americano que incluye: Cammeroon (1,59%), Haarlem (36,51%), S (31,75%), y LAM (19,05%); el linaje 6 o West Africa I (9,53%), el linaje 1 o EIA (1,59%), Para el caso de Ecuador las cepas estaban relacionadas con el linaje 4: Haarlem (42,86%), S (33,33%), y LAM (22,22%) y el linaje 2 Beijing (1,59%) originario de Asia. La técnica MIRU-VNTR (15 loci) demostró ser un sistema estable, reproducible y con un poder discriminatorio alto en comparación con AFLPs lo que permitiría emplearlo para realizar estudios poblacionales prospectivos con la finalidad de contribuir a los programas de Salud Pública para el control de la Tuberculosis (TB).
[CAT] En els últims anys s'han desenvolupat diverses tècniques de genotipificació per aïllats de Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) que han demostrat tenir un alt poder discriminatori. En aquest estudi, després de la identificació de les soques seleccionades al nivell d'espècie mitjançant la tècnica comercial GenoType MTBC, s'ha avaluat la utilitat de la tècnica simplificada del Polimorfisme de longitud de fragments amplificats (AFLPs) i la tècnica d'Unitats repetitives Intercalades micobacterianes (Miru-15). Es van analitzar un total de 131 aïllats clínics dels quals 68 aïllats van ser recollectats a Equador, provinents tant del Laboratori Clínic de l'Hospital Alli Causai situat a la ciutat d'Ambato, província de Tungurahua com del Laboratori de Bacteriologia de l'Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín ubicat a la ciutat cabdal Quito, província de Pichincha. Els 63 aïllats restants van ser recollectats a Espanya i pertanyien a la collecció de microorganismes dels Serveis de Microbiologia del Consorci Hospital General Universitari i Hospital Clínic Universitari de la ciutat de València, província de València. D'aquests aïllats, 126 van ser identificats per mètodes convencionals i moleculars com MTBC, corresponents a 106 pacients. La soca control Mycobacterium tuberculosi ATCC 25177 també va ser identificada com a tal mitjançant aquest mètode. La tècnica AFLPs va permetre agrupar les soques en dotze patrons (P1 a P8, P10, P12, P13, P14), dels quals els més prevalents van ser els patrons P1 i P2 amb 77 (61,1%) i 27 (21, 4%) aïllats respectivament, fet que suposa el 82,5% del total dels mateixos. El van seguir en freqüència el patró P5 amb 5 (3,9%) aïllats, els patrons P3, P4 i P6 van agrupar a 3 aïllats cadascun (2,4%), els patrons P8 i P12 amb 2 aïllats (1,6%) i finalment els patrons P7, P10, P13 i P14 amb 1 aïllat cadascun (0,8%). La soca control M. tuberculosis ATCC 25177, va mostrar un perfil de restricció que no va permetre la seva inclusió en cap dels patrons descrits. El poder discriminatori del mètode (HGDI) va ser de 0,5812 enfront de 0,9843 de la tècnica MIRU-15, que va agrupar a 69 soques (54,8%) en 20 complexos clonals i 57 patrons únics (45,2%). Per al cas d'Espanya, les soques van estar relacionades majoritàriament amb el llinatge 4 o Euro-Americà que inclou: Cammeroon (1,59%), Haarlem (36,51%), S (31,75%), i LAM (19,05%); el llinatge 6 o West Africa I (9,53%), el llinatge 1 o EIA (1,59%), Pel cas de l'Equador les soques estaven relacionades amb el llinatge 4: Haarlem (42,86%), S ( 33,33%), i LAM (22,22%) i el llinatge 2 Beijing (1,59%) originari d'Àsia. La tècnica Miru-VNTR (15 loci) va demostrar ser un sistema estable, reproduïble i amb un poder discriminatori alt en comparació amb AFLPs, el que permetria emprar-lo per realitzar estudis poblacionals prospectius amb la finalitat de contribuir als programes de salut pública per al control de la Tuberculosi (TB).
Jiménez Arias, AP. (2016). Genotipificación de Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex mediante herramientas moleculares [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62681
TESIS
Saito, Suzane. "Caracterização in silico de sequências polimórficas na população de Sporisorium scitamineum e análise da expressão de genes vizinhos aos polimorfismos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11137/tde-20102015-155648/.
Full textThe fungi Sporisorium scitamineum is the causal agent of one of the most important diseases in sugarcane, the sugarcane smut, and it has been the target of several genetic studies aiming the elucidation of pathogenicity and host interaction macanisms. Among these studies are those that aim to access the genetic variability among isolates of this fungus using various molecular markers techniques, however in all of them the experiments indicated low variability, with exception of the Asian isolates. The first work performed with Brazilian isolates was done using tel-RFLP and AFLP, and detected a variability of 34 and 3%, respectively. The AFLP is widely used to detect variability in close related individuals, but in this case, the method revealed low polimorphism. These results led us to characterize in the present work the few polymorphisms detected. The polymorphic fragments were isoladed, reamplified, sequenced and in silico characterized regarding the genomic context. Since these sequences are disperse along the genome and generally they are in intergenic regions, an expression analysis of the polymorfisms neighbor genes was made at three different conditions. Of these genes, 70% presented higher numbers of maped reads in planta than in culture media, which indicates that they are important during the plant-pathogen interaction. Thus, even with low variability detected via AFLP, these differences can be important in the gene regulation and may influence in the pathogen agressivity and in its defense.