Relevant bibliographies by topics / AFLP

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Academic literature on the topic 'AFLP'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "AFLP"

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Hagen, Ferry, Maria-Teresa Illnait-Zaragozi, Karen H. Bartlett, Daniëlle Swinne, Erik Geertsen, Corné H. W. Klaassen, Teun Boekhout, and Jacques F. Meis. "In Vitro Antifungal Susceptibilities and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Genotyping of a Worldwide Collection of 350 Clinical, Veterinary, and Environmental Cryptococcus gattii Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 54, no. 12 (September 20, 2010): 5139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00746-10.

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ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibilities of a worldwide collection of 350 Cryptococcus gattii isolates to seven antifungal drugs, including the new triazole isavuconazole, were tested. With amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting, human, veterinary, and environmental C. gattii isolates were subdivided into seven AFLP genotypes, including the interspecies hybrids AFLP8 and AFLP9. The majority of clinical isolates (n = 215) comprised genotypes AFLP4 (n = 76) and AFLP6 (n = 103). The clinical AFLP6 isolates had significantly higher geometric mean MICs for flucytosine and fluconazole than the clinical AFLP4 isolates. Of the seven antifungal compounds examined in this study, isavuconazole had the lowest MIC90 (0.125 μg/ml) for all C. gattii isolates, followed by a 1 log2 dilution step increase (MIC90, 0.25 μg/ml) for itraconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. Amphotericin B had an acceptable MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml, but fluconazole and flucytosine had relatively high MIC90s of 8 μg/ml.
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Abdel-Hadi, Ahmed, Markus Schmidt-Heydt, Roberto Parra, Rolf Geisen, and Naresh Magan. "A systems approach to model the relationship between aflatoxin gene cluster expression, environmental factors, growth and toxin production by Aspergillus flavus." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 69 (August 31, 2011): 757–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0482.

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A microarray analysis was used to examine the effect of combinations of water activity ( a w , 0.995–0.90) and temperature (20–42°C) on the activation of aflatoxin biosynthetic genes (30 genes) in Aspergillus flavus grown on a conducive YES (20 g yeast extract, 150 g sucrose, 1 g MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O) medium. The relative expression of 10 key genes ( aflF , aflD , aflE , aflM , aflO , aflP , aflQ , aflX , aflR and aflS ) in the biosynthetic pathway was examined in relation to different environmental factors and phenotypic aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) production. These data, plus data on relative growth rates and AFB 1 production under different a w × temperature conditions were used to develop a mixed-growth-associated product formation model. The gene expression data were normalized and then used as a linear combination of the data for all 10 genes and combined with the physical model. This was used to relate gene expression to a w and temperature conditions to predict AFB 1 production. The relationship between the observed AFB 1 production provided a good linear regression fit to the predicted production based in the model. The model was then validated by examining datasets outside the model fitting conditions used (37°C, 40°C and different a w levels). The relationship between structural genes ( aflD , aflM ) in the biosynthetic pathway and the regulatory genes ( aflS , aflJ ) was examined in relation to a w and temperature by developing ternary diagrams of relative expression. These findings are important in developing a more integrated systems approach by combining gene expression, ecophysiological influences and growth data to predict mycotoxin production. This could help in developing a more targeted approach to develop prevention strategies to control such carcinogenic natural metabolites that are prevalent in many staple food products. The model could also be used to predict the impact of climate change on toxin production.
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Mackill, D. J., Z. Zhang, E. D. Redoña, and P. M. Colowit. "Level of polymorphism and genetic mapping of AFLP markers in rice." Genome 39, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 969–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g96-121.

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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) has been proposed as a valuable tool for gene mapping in plant species. We compared the levels of polymorphism for AFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers on 12 japonica and 2 indica rice cultivars. For AFLPs, seven EcoRI and seven MseI primers used in 18 primer combinations generated a total of 529 bands, of which 147 were clearly polymorphic among the accessions. The 21 RAPD primers produced 103 bands of which 43 were polymorphic. For the microsatellite markers the number of alleles per locus ranged from one (1 locus) to six. All marker types gave the same classification of the rice accessions into subspecies. Within japonica cultivars, the average percent polymorphism between any two accessions was 22% for AFLP, 24% for RAPD, and 36% for microsatellite markers (monomorphic bands excluded). The average percent polymorphism between indica and japonica accessions was 65, 35, and 76%, for AFLP, RAPD, and microsatellite markers, respectively. The total number of polymorphic bands was much higher for AFLPs, averaging over eight per gel. Seven AFLP primer combinations were assayed on 80 F2 plants of an indica × japonica cross previously mapped with RFLP markers. Of 54 AFLP bands scored, 50 could be mapped to specific chromosomes, and these appeared to be distributed throughout the rice genome. This indicates that AFLPs are a promising marker for mapping important genes in rice. Key words : Oryza sativa, AFLP, genetic mapping, polymorphism.
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Ipek, Meryem, Ahmet Ipek, and Philipp W. Simon. "Comparison of AFLPs, RAPD Markers, and Isozymes for Diversity Assessment of Garlic and Detection of Putative Duplicates in Germplasm Collections." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 2 (March 2003): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.2.0246.

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Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is an asexually propagated crop that displays much morphological diversity. Studies which have assessed garlic diversity with isozymes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers generally agreed with the morphological observations but sometimes failed to discriminate clones. To discriminate among closely related garlic clones in more detail, we introduced amplified fragment-length polymorphism (AFLPs) to evaluate the genetic diversity and phenetic relatedness of 45 garlic clones and three A. longicuspis clones and we compared AFLP results with RAPD markers and isozymes. Three AFLP primer combinations generated a total of 183 polymorphic fragments. Although similarities between the clusters were low (≥0.30), some clones within the clusters were very similar (>0.95) with AFLP analysis. Sixteen clones represented only six different banding patterns, within which they shared 100% polymorphic AFLPs and RAPD markers, and likely are duplicates. In agreement with the results of other investigators, A. longicuspis and A. sativum clones were clustered together with no clear separation, suggesting these species are not genetically or specifically distinct. The topology of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme dendrograms were similar, but RAPD and isozyme dendrograms reflected less and much less polymorphism, respectively. Comparison of unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) dendrograms of AFLP, RAPD, and isozyme cluster analyses using the Mantel test indicated a correlation of 0.96, 0.55, and 0.57 between AFLP and RAPD, AFLP and isozyme, and RAPD and isozyme, respectively. Polymorphic AFLPs are abundant in garlic and demonstrated genetic diversity among closely related clones which could not be differentiated with RAPD markers and isozymes. Therefore, AFLP is an additional tool for fingerprinting and detailed assessment of genetic relationships in garlic.
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Liu, X. Z., C. S. He, Y. M. Yang, and H. Y. Zhang. "Genetic diversity among flue-cured tobacco cultivars on the basis of AFLP markers." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 45, No. 4 (December 27, 2009): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/15/2009-cjgpb.

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AFLP analyses were used to assess the genetic similarity among selected accessions at the South China Tobacco Breeding Research Centre (Yunnan province, Southwest China). 154 AFLP polymorphic fragments out of 561 fragments were used to assess the genetic diversity among 28 tobacco accessions. The average number of polymorphic bands per AFLP primer pair was 15.4. AFLPs seemed to be an effective classification tools for germplasm conservation and breeding. Limited genetic variation was detected within this group of accessions. The relationship of cultivars was estimated by cluster analysis based on AFLP data.
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Albertini, Emidio, Andrea Porceddu, Gianpiero Marconi, Gianni Barcaccia, Luca Pallottini, and Mario Falcinelli. "Microsatellite-AFLP for genetic mapping of complex polyploids." Genome 46, no. 5 (October 1, 2003): 824–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g03-058.

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In spite of the economical relevance of polyploid crops, genetic mapping of these species has been relatively overlooked. This is because of intrinsic difficulties such as the uncertainty of the chromosome behavior at meiosis I and the need for very large segregating populations. An important, yet underestimated issue, in mapping polyploids is the choice of the molecular marker system. An ideal molecular marker system for polyploid mapping should maximize the percentage of single dose markers (SDMs) detected and the possibility of recognizing allelic markers. In the present work, the marker index for genetic mapping (MIgm) of M-AFLP is compared with that of AFLP and SAMPL. M-AFLPs have the highest MIgm values (22 vs. 18.5 of SAMPL and 9.83 of AFLP) mostly because of their high power to detect polymorphism. Owing to their prevalent codominant inheritance, it is proposed that M-AFLP can be used for the preliminary identification of hom(e)ologous groups.Key words: AFLP, mapping, microsatellite-AFLP, polyploids, SSR.
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Evaristo, I., S. Santos, R. Tenreiro, and R. Costa. "Comparison of Genetic Structure Assessed by Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Retrotransposon-based Sequence-specific Amplification Polymorphism for Portuguese Populations of Pinus pinea L." Silvae Genetica 57, no. 1-6 (December 1, 2008): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2008-0015.

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Abstract In order to assess genetic diversity within and among populations of Pinus pinea L. (stone pine), seven Portuguese populations originating from three Provenance Regions were selected and genotyped using two marker systems. We compared the genetic variation of these populations using retrotransposon-based sequence-specific amplification polymorphism (SSAP) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). In total, 105 trees were screened with three primer enzyme combinations (PEC), producing 232 SSAP and 132 AFLP loci. Where SSAP yielded approximately twice-the number of polymorphic fragments compared to AFLP. Differentiation was slightly higher for SSAP, than for AFLP (FST = 0.105 for SSAP and 0.074 for AFLP), and both significantly different from zero, P < 0.01. The levels of average genetic diversity within-population found with the two types of marker were not significantly different between SSAPs and AFLPs (26.6% and 22.8%, respectively). The populations that displayed the highest and lowest genetic diversity scores were the same for both markers, and only two populations had significantly different He estimates. The neighbor-joining tree based on the Nei’s genetic distance displayed some geographic pattern. With the AFLP markers the populations grouped according to the provenance regions where they were sampled, resulting in one well supported cluster with the Southern populations, but with SSAP the pattern was not so coherent. In this study SSAP generated more polymorphic fragments and higher estimates of genetic diversity than AFPL did, due, probably, to the higher mutation rate of retrotransposition relative to base mutation. Nevertheless, congruence was found between estimates obtained with both markers, which is very interesting, for, in general, SSAP markers have lower costs compared to AFLPs, and they might be an interesting alternative marker system, when higher resolution is requested.
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Posselt, U. K., P. Barre, G. Brazauskas, and L. B. Turner. "Comparative Analysis of Genetic Similarity between Perennial Ryegrass Genotypes Investigated With AFLPs, ISSRs, RAPDs and SSRs." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, No. 3 (November 21, 2011): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3647-cjgpb.

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Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is the most important grass species used in temperate grassland agriculture. Our objective was to obtain an overview of the genetic relationships between 20 individual genotypes of perennial ryegrass of diverse origins, using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and two sets of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. All 20 individuals were uniquely fingerprinted by all four marker systems and comparisons were made on the basis of 85 markers each. Mean genetic similarities were estimated at 0.31, 0.43, 0.23 and 0.15 for AFLPs, ISSRs, RAPDs and SSRs, respectively. Cophenetic values resulted in good (AFLP and SSR-B = 0.88) to moderately good fits (ISSR = 0.76, RAPD = 0.70, and SSR-A = 0.79). Comparing the four marker systems to each other, AFLP and SSR-A were correlated best (r = 0.57). All other comparisons revealed rather low correlation coefficients in the Mantel Z test. With twice as many markers cophenetic values increased to a very good fit for AFLPs (0.90) and SSRs (0.92). &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
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Aranzana, Maria José, Joaquim Carbó, and Pere Arús. "Using Amplified Fragment-length Polymorphisms (AFLPs) to Identify Peach Cultivars." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 128, no. 5 (September 2003): 672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.128.5.0672.

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A sample of 210 cultivars of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, with a wide range of fruit and plant characteristics, was studied for variability using nine polymorphic amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) primer combinations. Forty-seven AFLPs allowed identification of 196 (93%) different genotypes, 187 of which could be distinguished with three primer combinations. Eleven cultivars with the same AFLP phenotype corresponded to known somatic mutations (sports), but from the four sports of the `Springcrest' group, two (`Maycrest' and `Queencrest') differed at three AFLPs from the others (`Starcrest' and `Early Maycrest'). Cluster analysis allowed differentiation of most cultivars with nonmelting fruit flesh, generally used for canning, from the melting-flesh peach and nectarine cultivars used for fresh consumption.
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Hale, Anna, and Mark W. Farnham. "(5) A Comparative Study of SRAP, AFLP, and SSR Markers for Detecting Genetic Differences among Elite Broccoli Inbreds." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 998E—999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.998e.

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Private and public vegetable breeders are interested in using current and emerging PCR-based marker systems in their respective improvement programs. However, before new systems are employed to replace existing ones, the new systems must prove to be efficient and cost-effective alternatives. Sequence related amplified polymorphisms (SRAPs), amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were compared for their ability to differentiate individuals of a diverse group of 24 elite broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. italica) inbreds. Genomic DNA was assayed using 24 AFLP, 24 SRAP, and 44 SSR primer pairs. In this assessment, SSRs produced an average of only two bands per primer, with 25% of these bands being monomorphic, and the remaining bands detecting very few differences among the inbreds. Although the AFLP method resulted in a lower rate (63%) of polymorphism than the SSRs, it produced about 20 bands per primer. SRAPs produced an average of 14 bands per primer, with 82% of these bands being polymorphic. Since AFLP and SRAP markers had a higher multiplex ratio and SSRs were frequently monomorphic, AFLP and SRAPs were more effective in differentiating the elite broccoli inbreds examined in this study. Similarity matrices were generated from the AFLP and SRAP data, and resulting dendographs were compared.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AFLP"

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Varrieur, John Michael. "AFLP Marker Analysis Of Monoploid Potato." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33177.

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Potato haploids have been recent components in protoplast fusion research, strategies to combine wild and cultivated potato germplasm and the generation of economically valuable mutant phenotypes. Additionally, most major genetic mapping and QTL analyses in potato have utilized haploid germplasm to simplify linkage-mapping computations. The accuracy of genetic assumptions concerning the randomness and genetic purity of haploid genomes may directly affect the statistical validity of many results in current potato research. In the present study, AFLP analysis was conducted on two sibling S. phureja "BARD 1-3" monoploid populations derived by androgenesis in anther culture, and gynogenesis through the use of a haploid-inducing pollinator, S. phureja "IVP 101." Little indication of somaclonal variation and haploid-inducer gene introgression was found in the monoploid band data suggesting genomic stability. Segregation of marker alleles that were heterozygous in the parent was distorted from the expected 1:1 ratio in both populations, ranging from 35% in the gynogenic monoploids (GM) to 46% in the androgenic monoploids (AM). Genetic diversity appeared more random among the monoploid populations after skewed marker data was removed from phylogenetic analyses. Bilateral and unilateral marker skewness in the monoploid populations may respectively indicate common and unique segregation distorting loci (SDL) present in the AM and GM genomes. Representatives of both SDL types were located on a partial linkage map created using androgenic monoploid data.
Master of Science
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Al, Kaabi Helel Humaid Saed Humaid. "Date palm tissue culture and AFLP analysis of plant variability." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.409314.

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Dasmahapatra, Kanchon Kumar. "The use of AFLP markers for estimating relatedness and inbreeding." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614696.

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Badenhorst, Daleen. "Development of AFLP markers for Haliotis midae for linkage mapping." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/21525.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Haliotis midae, is the only commercially important species of the six abalone species found in South African coastal waters and has become a lucrative commercial commodity. Wild stocks of H. midae are, however, no longer commercially sustainable due to a combination of environmental factors and poaching. The solution to the crisis is artificial production systems in the form of abalone farms. An abalone enhancement programme was initiated in South Africa in 2006, funded by industry and government. This programme focuses on the elucidation of the abalone genome and genetic factors contributing to increased productivity, thereby aiding the commercial production of abalone. The aims of this study, the first of its kind concerning H. midae, were to develop AFLPbased markers (specifically fluorescent AFLP analysis); to monitor the segregation of these markers in a single full-sib family and to use the markers and additional microsatellite markers to generate the first preliminary linkage map for H. midae. Genomic DNA of sufficient quality and purity for fluorescent AFLP analysis was obtained from 3.5-month-old H. midae juveniles. Preliminary linkage maps were constructed using AFLP and microsatellite markers segregating in an F1 family following a pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Twelve AFLP primer combinations, producing 573 segregating peaks, and 10 microsatellite markers were genotyped in the parents and 108 progeny of the mapping family. Of the 573 segregating AFLP peaks genotyped, 241 segregated in a 1:1 ratio and 332 in a 3:1 ratio. Of these AFLP markers, 90 segregated according to the expected 1:1 Mendelian ratio and 164 segregated according to the expected 3:1 Mendelian ratio at the P = 0.05 level and were used for linkage analysis. Of the 10 microsatellite markers genotyped, nine were informative for linkage mapping analysis. Preliminary male and female genetic linkage maps were developed using markers segregating in the female or male parent. A total of 12 and 10 linkage groups were detected for the female and male maps respectively. The female map covered 1473.5cM and consisted of 56 markers, and the male map covered 738.9cM consisting of 30 markers. Markers with segregation distortion were observed as previously reported in other abalone species and potential homology between one of the linkage groups of the male map and two of the linkage groups of the female map were identified using the 3:1 segregating AFLP markers. In conclusion, the genetic linkage map presented here, despite the fact that it has relatively low genome coverage and low marker density, forms an ideal starting point for more detailed study of the H. midae genome and will provide a scaffold for basic and applied studies in abalone. A high-density linkage map of H. midae should in future be developed with additional co-dominant molecular markers, such as microsatellites, to improve the transferability of the linkage map between different laboratories and among populations. A high-density linkage map will facilitate the mapping of QTL of commercially important traits (i.e. growth) and future MAS breeding programmes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Perlemoenspesie, Haliotis midae, is die enigste spesie van kommersiële belang van die ses wat in die kuswater van Suid-Afrika aangetref word en het ‘n winsgewende handelskommoditeit in Suid-Afrika geword. Die ontginning van natuurlike H. midae populasies is egter, as gevolg van ‘n kombinasie van omgewingsfaktore en stropery nie meer kommersieel volhoubaar nie. Die perlemoenkrisis kan die hoof gebied word deur kunsmatige produksiesisteme op perlemoenplase tot stand te bring. ‘n Perlemoen verbeteringsprogram is in 2006 in Suid-Afrika geïnisieer en word deur die industrie en regering befonds. Die program focus op die ontrafeling van die perlemoen genoom en die genetiese faktore wat bydrae tot verhoogde produksie. Sodanige inligting kan gebruik word om kommersiële perlemoenproduksie te bevorder. Die doel van hierdie studie, die eerste met H. midae, is om AFLP-gebaseerde merkers (spesifiek fluoresserende AFLP analise) te ontwikkel; die segregasie van hierdie merkers te monitor in ‘n enkel volledige verwante familie en die merkers en addisionele mikrosatelliet merkers te gebruik om die eerste voorlopige koppelingskaart vir H. midae te genereer. Genomiese DNS van genoegsame kwaliteit en suiwerheid vir fluoresserende AFLP analise is ge-ekstraeer uit 3.5-maand-oue H. midae individue. Voorlopige koppelingskaart is gekonstrueer deur van segregerende AFLP en mikrosatelliet merkers in ‘n F1 familie gebruik te maak deur ‘n pseudo-kruistoets karteringstrategie te volg. Twaalf AFLP inleier kombinasies, wat 573 segregerende fragmente geproduseer het, en 10 mikrosatelliet merkers is gegenotipeer in die ouers en 108 individue van die nageslag van die karteringsfamilie. Van die 573 segregerende AFLP merkers wat gegenotipeer is, het 241 in ‘n 1:1 verhouding en 332 in ‘n 3:1 verhouding gesegregeer. Van hierdie AFLP merkers, het 90 volgens die verwagte 1:1 Mendeliese verhouding en 164 volgens die 3:1 Mendeliese verhouding by die P = 0.05 gesegregeer vlak en is vir die koppelingsanalise gebruik. Van die 10 mikrosatelliet merkers gegenotipeer, was 9 informatief vir koppeling karteringsanalise. Voorlopige manlike en vroulike genetiese koppelingskaarte is ontwikkel met gebruik te maak van merkers wat in die manlike of vroulike ouer segregeer het. ‘n Totaal van 12 en 10 koppelingsgroepe is onderskeidelik in die vroulike en manlike karate gegenereer. Die vroulike kaart dek 1473.5cM and bestaan uit 56 merkers, terwyl die manlike kaart 738.9cM beslaan het met 30 merkers. Merkers wat segregasie distorsie toon is waargeneem soos voorheen in ander perlemoenspesies gerapporteer. Potensiële ooreenstemming tussen een van die koppelingsgroepe van die manlike kaart en twee van die koppelingsgroepe van die vroulike kaart is aangetoon deur van die 3:1 segregerende AFLP merkers gebruik te maak. Die genetiese koppelingskaarte verskaf wel ‘n relatiewe lae genoomdekking en ‘n lae merkerdigtheid, maar is ‘n ideale vertrekpunt vir meer gedetailleerde studie van die H. midae genoom en dien as ‘n raamwerk vir toekomstige basiese en toegepaste studies in perlemoennavorsing. ‘n Hoëdigtheid koppelingskaart van H. midae moet in die toekoms ontwikkel word met gebruik van bykomstige ko-dominante molekulêre merkers, soos mikrosatelliete. Dit sal die oordraagbaarheid van die koppelingskaart tussen verskillende laboratoria asook tussen populasies verbeter. ‘n Hoëdigtheid koppelingskaart sal die kartering van kwantitatiewe kenmerk loki (KKL) vir kommersieel belangrike kenmerke (onder andere groeikrag) en toekomstige merker bemiddelde seleksie (MBS) teelprogramme moontlik maak.
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Reck, Maikel. "Estudos moleculares em Hypochaeris catharinensis Cabrera (Asteraceae) utilizando marcadores AFLP." UEL. IAPAR. EMBRAPA. Centro de Ciências Biológicas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, 2010. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000159604.

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Hypochaeris catharinensis, pertencente ao gênero Hypochaeris (Asteraceae), é uma espécie endêmica do sul do Brasil. A fim de determinar a estrutura genética de populações desta espécie e a sua posição filogenética dentro do grupo sul-americano do gênero, foram utilizados marcadores moleculares AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism). Para definir a posição filogenética de H. catharinensis dentro do grupo sul-americano de Hypochaeris, foram aplicados onze primers seletivos de AFLP em oito diferentes espécies sulamericnas de Hypochaeris (H. megapotamica, H. pampasica, H. neopinatifida, H. argentina, H. apargioides, H. lutea, H. petiolaris e H. variegata) além da espécie testada H. catharinensis e de H. angustifolia, considerada como o possível ancestral do grupo sulamericano de espécies, que foi usada como outgroup. Os resultados AFLP de mostraram a formação de três dos grupos filogenéticos já definidos previamente. Hypochaeris catharinensis associou-se fortemente (booststrap de 90%) com H. lutea, dando origem a um novo grupo filogenético entre as espécies sul-americanas de Hypochaeris. Este grupo encontra suporte nas caracterísitcas cariotipicas, compartilhadas por H. catharinensis e H. lutea. Assim, foi proposto neste trabalho a formação de um novo grupo filogenético (grupo Lutea) composto por essas duas espécies. Para o estudo de populações, seis combinações de primers de AFLP foram aplicadas em 11 populações de H. catharinensis coletadas no sul do Brasil renderam 183 fragmentos sendo 90,16% polimórficos. As análises obtidas para os dados de AFLP mostraram que a porcentagem de variabilidade genética é maior dentro (83,64%) do que entre (16,36%) as populações de H. catharinensis. A análise da coordenada principal mostra que a maioria das 11 populações estudadas apresentam indivíduos misturados entre as populações, revelando a ausência de um claro padrão de isolamento. Fatores como tempo de divergência recente juntamente com as características endêmicas e morfológicas, que favorecem a dispersão a longa distância, podem ter contribuído para o pouco grau de diferenciação encontrado.
Hypochaeris catharinensis (Asteraceae) is endemic to south Brazil. In this work we used AFLP molecular marks (Amplified Fragment Length polymorphism) aiming to determine the genetic structure of H. catharinensis and to define its phylogenetic position within the South American group of the genus Hypochaeris. To define the phylogenetic position of H. catharinensis, eleven AFLP selective primer combinations were used in eigth diferent South American Hypochaeris plus H. catharinensis and H. angustifolia, used as outgroup. The results showed three main phylogenetic groups, as defined in previous studies. Hypochaeris catharinensis formed a tight association (90% booststrap) with H. lutea, giving origem to a new phylogenetic group, named Lutea group. This group is also supported by the similarities observed on the karyotypes of H. catharinensis and H. lutea. Together these data provide valuable information that may help to elucidate the processes of adaptative radiation of the genus Hypochaeris into the South American continent. Six AFLP primes combinations, applied in 11 populations of H. catharinensis coleted from the Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, rendered 183 frangents of which 165 (90,16%) were polymorphic. AMOVA, applied to the AFLP data revealed that the genetic variability was higher within (83,64%) than among (16,36%) populations. Principal Coordinate Analysis showed that most of the 11 populations studied have individuals that are mixed in other populations, revealing the absence of a clear pattern in the genetic structure. The recent divergence of the South American Hypochaeris, together with the morphological and ecological characterists that favour the seed dispersion of H. catharinensis, may have contributed to the low level of divergence observed among populations of this species.
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Callak, Kirisozu Asude. "Molecular Characterization Of Blumeria Graminis F. Sp. Hordei Using Aflp Markers." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611153/index.pdf.

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Blumeria graiminis f. sp. hordei (powdery mildew) is an obligate biotroph infecting hordeum vulgare (barley). It is one of the most devastating pathogens of barley, decreasing barley yield in great extent. In order to decrease barley loss, numerous studies are being conducted for overcoming the disease from the sides of both pathogen and host. However the pathogen is evolving very rapidly preventing the effective use of pesticides such as fungisides or development of resistant barley varieties by crossing race-specific resistance varieties, varieties having R genes, with susceptible but high yield producing varieties. In order to understand the mechanism of pathogen-host interactions, and producing enduring solutions for the problem of yield loss in barley molecular tools need to be used. In this thesis study, Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) molecular marker method is used in order to reveal the molecular characterization of Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei varieties collected from Ç
ukurova region in Turkey. Thirty-nine samples were analyzed with eigth universal races, of which virulence genes are studied. AFLP studies were conducted on LI-COR 4300 DNA Analyzer system. Bioinformatics analysis was performed with NTSYS program. By the help of this Numerical Taxonomic System, similarity, dissimilarity, clustering, dendograms, two-dimensional scatter plots, and three-dimensional perspective plots were obtained. By the light of these analyses Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei varieties together with universal races are grouped into three clusteres. In conclusion, studying Turkish Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei isolates and comparing them with universal races is a unique study in terms of characterizing the Turkish Bgh isolates for the first time, and can be used as a frontier study for studying Resistance genes, by reverse genetic tools.
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Potter, Tara. "AFLP markers linked to Fusarium head blight resistance in Triticum aestivum." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6321.

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In this study, AFLP technology was used to find markers linked to genes controlling Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in Triticum aestivum L. FHB is a disease of cereal crops that results in reduced wheat yields, discoloured, shrivelled kernels, mycotoxin accumulation, and reduced seed and grain quality. Since resistance mechanisms in wheat are complex, often being confounded by environmental effects, and there is high genotypic variance for resistance, molecular markers closely linked to FHB resistance would help in the screening of resistant germplasm. Candidate markers for resistance that were found among three varieties of wheat, two being susceptible to FHB ('Karena' and 'AC Cartier') and one being resistant to FHB (FHB 148), were followed into double haploid (DH) F2 from crosses between each of the susceptible varieties and the resistant variety. These DH lines were evaluated for resistance after inoculation with F. graminearum and MAXR linear regression was done to determine whether any of the candidate markers could explain the variation in phenotype. In the 'Karena'/FHB 148 DH lines, 67% of the polymorphisms segregated in a 1:1 Mendelian fashion (p ≥ 0.05), while 50% segregated 1:1 in the 'AC Cartier'/FHB 148 DH lines (p ≥ 0.05). In the 'Karena'/FHB 148 population, 35% of the variation in the FHB resistance phenotype was explained by two markers (p ≤ 0.05), while in the 'AC Cartier'/FHB 148 population, two markers explained 29% of the variation in phenotype (p ≤ 0.05). Cloning and sequencing of these markers would be useful in the development of cultivars resistant to FHB by marker assisted selection.
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Rojas, Thaís Cabrera Galvão. "Utilização de AFLP para estudos genéticos em Prochilodus argenteus (Pisces, Prochilodontidae)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5448.

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Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Genetic studies have been performed for an endemic species from São Francisco River basin, Prochilodus argenteus, which has a great importance in the artisanal and subsistence fishing in the region. The linkage mapping and the genetic variability studies were made with AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) dominants markers and with 189 specimens from a F1 cross, that was also used for restocking the upstream area from Três Marias hydroelectric dam. All the analyses were carried out with 15 primer pairs combinations and the linkage map was made using the pseudo-testcross mapping strategy. Forty six heterozygous marks were found for the genitors, with mendelian segregation of 1:1. The female genitor map had 3 linkage groups and the lenght of the analysed genome was 128,45 cM, the male genitor map had the same number of linkage groups and the total length of 192,67 cM. Common markers for both genitors, with mendelian segregation ratio of 3:1, served as bridge between the maps, for the construction of an integrated map. This map had 9 linkage groups, and the total map length was 442,08 cM. Additionally, the genetic variability was assessed and an expected heterozygosity mean was of 0,32082, with a Jaccard s similarity coefficient of 0,72564 + 0,00451. These preliminary values show that the cultured sample has a higher similarity coefficient than that obtained for the wild populations. Hence, the present results suggest that genetic studies and management restocking practices should be simultaneously performed for the maintenance of the genetic patrimony of this species at the São Francisco River basin. The results also showed that AFLP marks were suitable and effective to identify linkage marks in Prochilodus argenteus and for genetic variability studies in cultivar samples.
Estudos genéticos foram realizados em uma espécie endêmica da bacia do rio São Francisco, Prochilodus argenteus, a qual possui grande importância na pesca artesanal e de subsistência da região. Os estudos do mapa de ligação e de variabilidade genética foram realizados com o uso do marcador dominante AFLP (Polimorfismo de Comprimento de Fragmentos Amplificados) e com 189 indivíduos de um cruzamento F1, utilizado também para o repovoamento do rio São Francisco, à montante da barragem de Três Marias (MG). Todas as análises foram realizadas com 15 combinações de primers. Para a construção dos mapas de ligação foi utilizada a abordagem pseudocruzamento teste. Os primers utilizados geraram 46 marcas heterozigóticas para os genitores, com segregação mendeliana de 1:1. O mapa referente ao genitor feminino apresentou 3 grupos de ligação e o comprimento do genoma analisado foi de 128,45 cM, e o mapa do genitor masculino também consistiu em 3 grupos de ligação com comprimento total de 192,67 cM. Marcadores comuns aos dois genitores, com segregação mendeliana de 3:1, foram utilizados como pontes na integração dos mapas. O mapa integrado foi formado por 9 grupos de ligação, o que correspondeu a 442,08 cM de genoma analisado. Adicionalmente, a variabilidade genética foi estudada por meio da média da heterozigosidade esperada (He), a qual foi de 0,32082 e pela análise do coeficiente de similaridade de Jaccard, que foi igual a 0,72564 + 0,00451. Estes valores, ainda que preliminares, mostraram que essa amostragem cultivada possui o coeficiente de similaridade maior quando comparado com os de populações selvagens. Desta forma, sugere-se no presente trabalho que estudos genéticos devam ser realizados juntamente com a prática de repovoamento de rios, visando conservar o patrimônio genético desta espécie na bacia do São Francisco. Os resultados mostraram também que os marcadores AFLP foram adequados e eficientes para a identificação de marcas ligadas em Prochilodus argenteus e no estudo da variabilidade genética de amostras cultivadas.
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Purvis, Andrew Ian. "AFLP markers for the study of somatic recombination in Phytophthora infestans." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322560.

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Chang, Yeun-Kyung. "Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis of genetic variability in Phalaenopsis." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34361.

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Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers allow a rapid assessment of the level of genetic variation that would be difficult to evaluate using a limited number of morphological markers. AFLP was used to assess the level of genetic variation among 16 different Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. Ten AFLP primer combinations were used for genetic analysis of these Phalaenopsis and 95% of polymorphism in 16 Phalaenopsis species and hybrids was detected. The genetic similarity among Phalaenopsis species and hybrids ranged from 0.298 to 0.774 based on Dice coefficient. The dendrogram derived by UPGMA analysis clustered into two main groups. A significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.524, P < 0.0001) was observed between known pedigrees and AFLP-derived genetic similarity for 136 pairwise comparisons of Phalaenopsis species and hybrids. The results indicate that there is an abundance of genetic diversity among within Phalaenopsis and that AFLP can be used to distinguish morphologically similar genotypes.

In a second study, the effect of gametophytic selection on genetic diversity in Phalaenopsis was examined by AFLP analysis. Sixteen F1 seedlings resulting from cross-pollination that occurred within high (30 ºC) and low (14ºC) temperature incubators between two hybrid Phalaenopsis [P. (Taisoco Windian à Sogo Yukidian) by P. hybrid unknown], were subjected to genetic analysis by AFLP. A total of 651 fragments ranging in size from 100 to 350 bp were detected using six primer combinations, of which 387 (59.4%) were polymorphic. Seedlings derived from different temperature treatments exhibited 25.5% to 35.9% polymorphism. The genetic similarity among 16 F1 seedlings ranged from 0.825 to 0.946 based on the Dice coefficient. A dendrogram based on 387 polymorphic markers was derived by UPGMA analysis resulting in three major groups and one subgroup. The dendrogram analysis showed clear clustering in Phalaenopsis hybrids pollinated under different temperature treatments, suggesting that several loci may have been selected during the divergent temperature stress treatments during pollination and early pollen tube growth.
Master of Science

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Books on the topic "AFLP"

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AFÉP - L'étrangleur-séducteur. Paris: Editions L'Harmattan, 2010.

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Lovett, Michael. AFL 2000: The official statistical history of the AFL. [Australia]: Australian Football League, 2000.

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Michael, Lovett, and Australian Football League, eds. AFL 2004: The official statistical history of the AFL. [Melbourne, Vic.]: AFL Pub., 2004.

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Education, BPP Professional, ed. AFP study text. 5th ed. London: BPP Professional Education, 2003.

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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 7th ed. Melbourne: Bas Publishing, 2007.

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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 8th ed. Seaford, Vic: Bas Pub., 2009.

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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 8th ed. Seaford, Vic: Bas Pub., 2009.

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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. 5th ed. Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content, 2003.

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John, Joe St. AFL premiers: The fascinating history of every AFL/VFL grand final. London ; Sydney: New Holland Publ., Ltd, 2013.

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Holmesby, Russell. The encyclopedia of AFL footballers: Every AFL/VFL player since 1897. Melbourne, Vic: Crown Content, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "AFLP"

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Vos, Pieter. "AFLP− Fingerprinting of Arabidopsis." In Arabidopsis Protocols, 147–55. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-391-0:147.

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Matthes, Michaela C., Allan Daly, and Keith J. Edwards. "Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)." In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, 183–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0019-6_36.

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Behura, Susanta K. "Individual Analysis of Transposon Polymorphisms by AFLP." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 155–67. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-603-6_8.

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Goulao, Luis F., and Cristina M. Oliveira. "Multilocus Profiling with AFLP, ISSR, and SAMPL." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 211–31. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-767-9_11.

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Flajoulot, Sandrine, Jean-Christophe Caillet, Vincent Béguier, and Philippe Barre. "Genetic Diversity in Tall Fescue Using AFLP Markers." In Sustainable use of Genetic Diversity in Forage and Turf Breeding, 89–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8706-5_11.

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Rikalainen, Kaisa. "Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 57–66. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-389-3_4.

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Kuiper, Martin T. R. "Building a High-Density Genetic Map Using the AFLP− Technology." In Arabidopsis Protocols, 157–71. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-391-0:157.

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Bonants, P. J. M., M. Hagenaar-de Weert, D. E. L. Cooke, and J. M. Duncan. "Identification of Space-Specific Markers of Phytophthora Fragariae with AFLP." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 199–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0043-1_42.

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Valicente, Fernando Hercos, and Rosane Bezerra da Silva. "Characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis Using Plasmid Patterns, AFLP and Rep-PCR." In Bacillus thuringiensis and Lysinibacillus sphaericus, 79–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56678-8_6.

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Paris, Margot, and Laurence Després. "In Silico Fingerprinting (ISIF): A User-Friendly In Silico AFLP Program." In Data Production and Analysis in Population Genomics, 55–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-870-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "AFLP"

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Zhang, Meng, Shujian Liang, Lei Huang, Yeqing Sun, Jian Zhou, and Chunli Wang. "AFLP runner (AR): A software for prediction and analysis Of AFLP." In 2010 3rd International Conference on Biomedical Engineering and Informatics (BMEI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/bmei.2010.5639293.

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Li, Zhongbao. "The Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Haliotis Ovina by AFLP." In 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2009.406.

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Xiaogai Hou, Xian Xue, Xueping Li, Dalong Guo, and Huili Ma. "AFLP analysis of phylogenetic relationship of 26 Tree peony cultivars." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966067.

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Yang, Bing, Yi-Meng Chen, Yong-Xiang Liu, Zuo-Yi Liu, and De-Qun Zhou. "Establishing and Optimizing AFLP Amplification Reaction System of Shiraia Bambusicola." In 2015 International Conference on Material Science and Applications (icmsa-15). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmsa-15.2015.33.

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"Evaluation of leek (Allium porrum) genomic polymorphism using the AFLP method." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-047.

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Li, Zhongbao, and Zhenglin Yan. "Loss of Genetic Diversity in Hatchery Produced Haliotis Diversicolor Supertexta by AFLP." In 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2009.407.

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Xiaoping Ren, Xichun Zhang, and Shengyang Wang. "Genetic diversity and relationship in 47 accessions of tomato by AFLP markers." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5966135.

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Miao, Lixiang, Yuchao Zhang, Xiaofang Yang, Yuejian Zhang, Huiqin Zhang, and Guihua Jiang. "Notice of Retraction: Optimization of cDNA-aFLP Amplification Reaction System in Strawberry Leaves." In 2011 5th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2011.5780128.

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Li, Zhongbao, Jiyuan Zhang, Ji Li, and Lina Wang. "Loss of Genetic Variation in Hatchery Produced Haliotis Asinina Using AFLP and Allozyme Markers." In 2009 International Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology, ESIAT. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2009.145.

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Yu, Chengyu, Leona Leisova, Vratislav Kucera, Miroslava Vyvadilova, Jaroslava Ovesna, Shengwu Hu, and Ladislav Dotlacil. "Using Fluorescent-Based AFLP to Analyze Genetic Diversity of Yellow-Seeded Brassica Napus L." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.174.

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Reports on the topic "AFLP"

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Levisohn, Sharon, Maricarmen Garcia, David Yogev, and Stanley Kleven. Targeted Molecular Typing of Pathogenic Avian Mycoplasmas. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695853.bard.

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Intraspecies identification (DNA "fingerprinting") of pathogenic avian mycoplasmas is a powerful tool for epidemiological studies and monitoring strain identity. However the only widely method available for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) and M. synoviae (MS)wasrandom amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). This project aimed to develop alternative and supplementary typing methods that will overcome the major constraints of RAPD, such as the need for isolation of the organism in pure culture and the lack of reproducibility intrinsic in the method. Our strategy focussed on recognition of molecular markers enabling identification of MG and MS vaccine strains and, by extension, pathogenic potential of field isolates. Our first aim was to develop PCR-based systems which will allow amplification of specific targeted genes directly from clinical material. For this purpose we evaluated the degree of intraspecies heterogeneity in genes encoding variable surface antigens uniquely found in MG all of which are putative pathogenicity factors. Phylogenic analysis of targeted sequences of selected genes (pvpA, gapA, mgc2, and lp) was employed to determine the relationship among MG strains.. This method, designated gene targeted sequencing (GTS), was successfully employed to identify strains and to establish epidemiologically-linked strain clusters. Diagnostic PCR tests were designed and validated for each of the target genes, allowing amplification of specific nucleotide sequences from clinical samples. An mgc2-PCR-RFLP test was designed for rapid differential diagnosis of MG vaccine strains in Israel. Addressing other project goals, we used transposon mutagenesis and in vivo and in vitro models for pathogenicity to correlated specific changes in target genes with biological properties that may impact the course of infection. An innovative method for specific detection and typing of MS strains was based on the hemagglutinin-encoding gene vlhA, uniquely found in this species. In parallel, we evaluated the application of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) in avian mycoplasmas. AFLP is a highly discriminatory method that scans the entire genome using infrequent restriction site PCR. As a first step the method was found to be highly correlated with other DNA typing methods for MG species and strain differentiation. The method is highly reproducible and relatively rapid, although it is necessary to isolate the strain to be tested. Both AFLP and GTS are readily to amenable to computer-assisted analysis of similarity and construction of a data-base resource. The availability of improved and diverse tools will help realize the full potential of molecular typing of avian mycoplasmas as an integral and essential part of mycoplasma control programs.
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Gall, Graham A. E., Gideon Hulata, Eric M. Hallerman, Bernard May, and Umiel Nakdimon. Creating and Characterizing Genetic Variation in Tilapia through the Creation of an Artificial Center of Origin. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7574344.bard.

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Five stocks of tilapia [oreochromis niloticus (on), red O. niloticus (ROn), O. aureus (Oa), O. mossambicus (Om), and Sarotherodon galilaeus (Sg)] were used to produce two-way (F1), three-way (3WC) and four-way crosses (4WC). Three 4WC groups, containing equal representation of all four species, formed the base population for a new synthetic stock, called an "artificial center of origin" (ACO). Four genomic maps were created using microsatellite and AFLP markers, two from a 3WC family [Om female and (Oa x ROn) male] and two from a 4WC family [(Om x Oas) females and (Sg x On) male]. Sixty-two loci segregating from the female parent of the 3WC mapped to 14 linkage groups while 214 loci from the male parent mapped to 24 linkage groups. Similarly, 131 loci segregating from the female parent of the 4WC mapped to 26 linkage groups and 118 loci from the male parent mapped to 25 linkage groups. Preliminary screening of an F2 and a 4WC family identified a number of loci associated with cold tolerance and body weight. These loci were clustered in a few linkage groups, suggesting they may be indicative of quantitative trait loci.
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Michelmore, Richard, Eviatar Nevo, Abraham Korol, and Tzion Fahima. Genetic Diversity at Resistance Gene Clusters in Wild Populations of Lactuca. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573075.bard.

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Genetic resistance is often the least expensive, most effective, and ecologically-sound method of disease control. It is becoming apparent that plant genomes contain large numbers of disease resistance genes. However, the numbers of different resistance specificities within a genepool and the genetic mechanisms generating diversity are poorly understood. Our objectives were to characterize diversity in clusters of resistance genes in wild progenitors of cultivated lettuce in Israel and California in comparison to diversity within cultivated lettuce, and to determine the extent of gene flow, recombination, and genetic instability in generating variation within clusters of resistance genes. Genetic diversity of resistance genes was analyzed in wild and cultivated germplasm using molecular markers derived from lettuce resistance gene sequences of the NBS-LRR type that mapped to the major cluster if resistance genes in lettuce (Sicard et al. 1999). Three molecular markers, one microsatellite marker and two SCAR markers that amplified LRR- encoding regions, were developed from sequences of resistance gene homologs at the Dm3 cluster (RGC2s) in lettuce. Variation for these markers was assessed in germplasm including 74 genotypes of cultivated lettuce, L. saliva and 71 accessions of the three wild Lactuca spp., L. serriola, L. saligna and L. virosa that represent the major species in the sexually accessible genepool for lettuce. Diversity was also studied within and between natural populations of L. serriola from Israel and California. Large numbers of haplotypes were detected indicating the presence of numerous resistance genes in wild species. We documented a variety of genetic events occurring at clusters of resistance genes for the second objective (Sicard et al., 1999; Woo el al., in prep; Kuang et al., in prepb). The diversity of resistance genes in haplotypes provided evidence for gene duplication and unequal crossing over during the evolution of this cluster of resistance genes. Comparison of nine resistance genes in cv. Diana identified 22 gene conversion and five intergenic recombinations. We cloned and sequenced a 700 bp region from the middle of RGC2 genes from six genotypes, two each from L. saliva, L. serriola, and L. saligna . We have identified over 60 unique RGC2 sequences. Phylogenetic analysis surprisingly demonstrated much greater similarity between than within genotypes. This led to the realization that resistance genes are evolving much slower than had previously been assumed and to a new model as to how resistance genes are evolving (Michelmore and Meyers, 1998). The genetic structure of L. serriola was studied using 319 AFLP markers (Kuang et al., in prepa). Forty-one populations from Turkey, Armenia, Israel, and California as well as seven European countries were examined. AFLP marker data showed that the Turkish and Armenian populations were the most polymorphic populations and the European populations were the least. The Davis, CA population, a recent post-Columbian colonization, showed medium genetic diversity and was genetically close to the Turkish populations. Our results suggest that Turkey - Armenia may be the center of origin and diversity of L. serriola and may therefore have the greatest diversity of resistance genes. Our characterization of the diversity of resistance genes and the genetic mechanisms generating it will allow informed exploration, in situ and ex situ conservation, and utilization of germplasm resources for disease control. The results of this project provide the basis for our future research work, which will lead to a detailed understanding of the evolution of resistance genes in plants.
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Glenn A. Moore. AFIP-4 Fabrication Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/991908.

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D. M. Perez, J. W. Nielsen, G. S. Chang, and G. A. Ro. AFIP-7 Irradiation Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1083244.

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Glenn Moore. AFIP-2 Fabrication Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1017876.

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Danielle M Perez, Misti A Lillo, Gray S. Chang, Glenn A Roth, Nicolas Woolstenhulme, and Daniel M Wachs. AFIP-4 Irradiation Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1056039.

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Danielle M Perez, M. A. Lillo, G. S. Chang, G. A. Roth, N. E. Woolstenhulme, and D. M. Wachs. AFIP-3 Irradiation Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1058080.

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D. M. Perez, M. A. Lillo, G. S. Chang, G. A. Roth, N. E. Woolstenhulme, and D. M. Wachs. AFIP-1 Irradiation Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1023471.

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Danielle M Perez, M. A. Lillo, G. S. Chang, G. A. Roth, N. E. Woolstenhulme, and D. M. Wachs. AFIP-3 Irradiation Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1023476.

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