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Lai, Courtney C. H., Julian A. Feller, and Kate E. Webster. "Fifteen-Year Audit of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructions in the Australian Football League From 1999 to 2013: Return to Play and Subsequent ACL Injury." American Journal of Sports Medicine 46, no. 14 (2018): 3353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546518803932.
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Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury has been a major cause of missed game time among Australian Football League (AFL) players. Return to play after ACL reconstruction is not always achieved, even among elite athletes. The rate of subsequent ACL injury in the AFL from 1990 to 2000 was high as compared with that of other elite sports. Purpose: To determine the rates of return to play and subsequent ACL injury after ACL reconstruction among AFL players from 1999 to 2013 and to explore factors associated with differing rates of return to play and subsequent ACL injury. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 158 AFL players who underwent ACL reconstruction were identified from a prospectively maintained registry of AFL player injuries. Further data were gathered from official playing statistics, surgical records, and structured phone interviews. Results: The rate of return to play after an initial ACL injury was 77% (121 of 158 players). Greater preinjury playing experience and earlier selection in the AFL draft were associated with higher rates of return to play. The rate of subsequent ACL injury to either knee was 30% (48 of 158 players) and was especially high among players aged <21 years (23 of 46 players, 50%). After subsequent ACL injury, 34 of 48 players (71%) returned to play. In primary ACL reconstruction, the use of Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System grafts resulted in a faster return to play ( P = .001) but had a higher risk of subsequent revision reconstruction (risk ratio = 2.8, P = .048). Family history of ACL injury was associated with an increased risk of subsequent contralateral ACL injury (risk ratio = 3.8, P = .002). Conclusion: Most AFL players who underwent ACL reconstruction returned to play at least 1 AFL match. The high rate of subsequent ACL injury among AFL players demonstrates the highly demanding nature of Australian football, particularly at the elite level. The risk factors for subsequent ACL injury should be considered carefully when treatment and rehabilitation decisions are made for these high-demand athletes.
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Lai, Courtney C. H., Julian A. Feller, and Kate E. Webster. "Playing Performance After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Among Australian Football League Players From 1999 to 2013." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 7 (2019): 1550–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519843908.
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Background: Achieving preinjury levels of athletic performance has been challenging for elite athletes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Although a recent study found that 77% of Australian Football League (AFL) players who underwent ACL reconstruction from 1999 to 2013 returned to play at the highest level, the study did not indicate how consistently or well they were able to play. Purpose: To identify the number of AFL players who returned to play consistently over 2 seasons after ACL reconstruction, compare their playing performance in these seasons with preinjury performance, and evaluate factors associated with returning to preinjury levels of performance. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Analysis included 104 AFL players who underwent ACL reconstruction between 1999 and 2013. All had played at least 10 AFL matches in 1 season before ACL injury. Ranking points, as devised by AFL statisticians, were used to measure individual playing performance. Results: Of the 104 players who played at least 10 matches in 1 season before ACL injury, 53 (51%) returned to play at least 10 matches in 2 seasons after surgery. Of these 53 players, 36 (68%) returned to their preinjury levels of performance. The 17 remaining players who did not return to their preinjury performance still performed comparably to the AFL average level after surgery. Players <25 years old (odds ratio = 2.9, P = .01) or <90 kg (odds ratio = 2.7, P = .03) had greater odds of returning to their preinjury levels of performance. Conclusion: Returning to play on a consistent basis was a substantial challenge for AFL players after ACL reconstruction. However, among players who did return to play consistently over 2 seasons, their postsurgery average performance was comparable with the AFL average level of performance, and two-thirds returned to their preinjury levels of performance. Younger and lighter players were more likely to return to their preinjury levels of performance, possibly given the nature of AFL club playing list management decisions.
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Bhuiya, Tanzim, Paras P. Shah, Wing Hang Lau, et al. "Emergence of Atrial Fibrillation and Flutter in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study." Healthcare 12, no. 17 (2024): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12171682.
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COVID-19 is associated with various cardiovascular complications, including arrhythmias. This study investigated the incidence of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AFB) and atrial flutter (AFL) in COVID-19 patients and identified potential risk factors. We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a tertiary-care safety-net community hospital including 647 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2021. Patients with a prior history of AFB or AFL were excluded. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were collected and analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, and binary logistic regression. We found that 69 patients (10.66%) developed AFB or AFL, with 41 patients (6.34%) experiencing new-onset arrhythmias. The incidence rates for new-onset AFB and AFL were 5.4% and 0.9%, respectively. Older age (≥65 years) was significantly associated with new-onset AFB/AFL (OR: 5.43; 95% CI: 2.31–12.77; p < 0.001), as was the development of sepsis (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.31–5.70; p = 0.008). No significant association was found with patient sex. Our findings indicate that new-onset atrial arrhythmias are a significant complication in COVID-19 patients, particularly among the elderly and those with sepsis. This highlights the need for targeted monitoring and management strategies to mitigate the burden of atrial arrhythmias in high-risk populations during COVID-19 infection.
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Pazin, Joris, Maria de Fátima Silva Duarte, Adriano Ferretti Borgatto, Marco Aurélio Peres, and Lisiane Schilling Poeta. "Atividade física no lazer, deslocamento, apoio social e percepção do ambiente urbano em homens e mulheres de Florianópolis/SC." Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte 30, no. 3 (2016): 743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092016000300743.
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Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi identificar características do ambiente físico e social percebido associadas à atividade física no lazer (AFL) e deslocamento (AFD) em homens e mulheres. Amostra sistemética de 746 pessoas residentes em Florianópolis/SC obtida por lista telefônica. Utilizou-se o questionário internacional de atividade física [IPAQ) versão longa e o questionário da escala de mobilidade ativa no ambiente comunitário “news” adaptado. Os desfechos investigados foram: não atender as recomendações em relação à atividade física (NARAF) nas AFL e AFD em homens e mulheres. Como variáveis exploratórias foram investigadas as caracteristícas das variáveis sócio-demográficas, percepção do ambiente, saúde gerai e índice de massa corporal. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística para estimar as razões de chance bruta e ajustada dos atributos do ambiente físico e apoio social das pessoas que NARAF. Ataxa de resposta foi de 91% (n = 746). A prevalência de mulheres que NARAF no deslocamento foi de 73,3% (69,1-77,5%) e a de homens de 71,1% (66,1-76,2%). Nas AFL a prevalência de mulheres que NARAF foi de 78,4% (74,5-78,3%) e a de homens de 74,9% (70,1-79,7%). Nas AFD os atributos do ambiente associados a menos chance de NARAF foram: morar em área próxima ao comércio; academia e agênda bancária próximo de casa. Nas AFL, ruas iluminadas, segurança durante o dia, local para caminhar próximo de casa e morar próximo à orla marítima. Programas de promoção de AFL em adultos devem considerar variáveis do ambiente urbano (ruas iluminadas, segurança, local para caminhar ou praticar atividade física e a atratividade dos locais). Para promover as AFD devem ser consideradas as estruturas públicas e privadas (proximidade dos centros de compra, academias, agêndas bancárias e atratividade dos locais).
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Houser, Josef, Jan Komarek, Gianluca Cioci, Annabelle Varrot, Anne Imberty, and Michaela Wimmerova. "Structural insights intoAspergillus fumigatuslectin specificity: AFL binding sites are functionally non-equivalent." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 3 (2015): 442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1399004714026595.
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TheAspergillus fumigatuslectin AFL was recently described as a new member of the AAL lectin family. As a lectin from an opportunistic pathogen, it might play an important role in the interaction of the pathogen with the human host. A detailed study of structures of AFL complexed with several monosaccharides and oligosaccharides, including blood-group epitopes, was combined with affinity data from SPR and discussed in the context of previous findings. Its six binding sites are non-equivalent, and owing to minor differences in amino-acid composition they exhibit a marked difference in specific ligand recognition. AFL displays a high affinity in the micromolar range towards oligosaccharides which were detected in plants and also those bound on the human epithelia. All of these results indicate AFL to be a complex member of the lectin family and a challenging target for future medical research and, owing to its binding properties, a potentially useful tool in specific biotechnological applications.
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Rahm, Ann-Kathrin, Susanne Reinhardt, Matthias Helmschrott, et al. "Frequency, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes of Late-Onset Atrial Flutter in Patients after Heart Transplantation." Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease 9, no. 10 (2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcdd9100337.
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Aims: Atrial flutter (AFL) is a common late-onset complication after heart transplantation (HTX) and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Methods: This study investigated the frequency, risk factors, and outcomes of late-onset post-transplant AFL. We analyzed 639 adult patients undergoing HTX at the Heidelberg Heart Center between 1989 and 2019. Patients were stratified by diagnosis and type of late-onset post-transplant AFL (>90 days after HTX). Results: A total of 55 patients (8.6%) were diagnosed with late-onset post-transplant AFL, 30 had typical AFL (54.5%) and 25 had atypical AFL (45.5%). Patients with AFL were younger at HTX (p = 0.028), received more biatrial anastomosis (p = 0.001), and presented with moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation (56.4%). Typical AFL was associated with graft rejection (p = 0.016), whereas atypical AFL was associated with coronary artery disease (p = 0.028) and stent implantation (p = 0.042). Patients with atypical AFL showed a higher all-cause 1-year mortality (p = 0.010) along with a higher rate of graft failure after diagnosis of AFL (p = 0.023). Recurrence of AFL was high (83.6%). Patients with catheter ablation after AFL recurrence had a higher 1-year freedom from AFL (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Patients with late-onset post-transplant AFL were younger at HTX, received more biatrial anastomosis, and showed a higher rate of moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation. Typical AFL was associated with graft rejection, whereas atypical AFL was associated with myocardial ischemia, graft failure, and mortality. Catheter ablation represents a viable option to avoid further episodes of late-onset AFL after HTX.
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Woo, Se Joon, SriniVas R. Sadda, Mario Bradvica, et al. "Biosimilar SB15 versus reference aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 1-year and switching results of a phase 3 clinical trial." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 8, no. 1 (2023): e001561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001561.
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Background/aimsTo evaluate efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and immunogenicity of SB15 versus reference aflibercept (AFL), and switching from AFL to SB15 in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).DesignProspective, double-masked, randomised, phase 3 trial.MethodsParticipants with nAMD were randomised 1:1 to receive SB15 (N=224 participants) or AFL (N=225). At week 32, participants either continued on SB15 (SB15/SB15, N=219) or AFL (AFL/AFL, N=108), or switched from AFL to SB15 (AFL/SB15, N=111). This manuscript reports 1-year and switching results of secondary efficacy endpoints such as changes from baseline to week 56 in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central subfield thickness (CST, from internal limiting membrane (ILM) to retinal pigment epithelium), and total retinal thickness (TRT, from ILM to Bruch’s membrane). Additional endpoints included safety, PK and immunogenicity.ResultsEfficacy results were comparable between groups. The least squares mean (LSmean) change in BCVA from baseline to week 56 was 7.4 letters for SB15/SB15 and 7.0 letters for AFL/AFL (difference (95% CI)=0.4 (−2.5 to 3.2)). The LSmean changes from baseline to week 56 in CST and TRT were −119.2 µm and −132.4 µm for SB15/SB15 and −126.6 µm and −136.3 µm for AFL/AFL, respectively (CST: difference (95% CI)=7.4 µm (−6.11 to 20.96); TRT: difference (95% CI)=3.9 µm (−18.35 to 26.10)). Switched and non-switched participants showed similar LSmean changes in BCVA from baseline to week 56 (AFL/SB15, 7.9 letters vs AFL/AFL, 7.8 letters; difference (95% CI)=0.0 (−2.8 to 2.8)). Safety, PK and immunogenicity were comparable between groups.ConclusionsEfficacy, safety, PK and immunogenicity were comparable between SB15 and AFL and between switched and non-switched participants.
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Larose, Joseph A. "AFL-CIO." Journal of Business & Finance Librarianship 6, no. 1 (2000): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j109v06n01_07.
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Lam, Ricky. "Investigating Assessment as Learning in Second Language Writing: A Qualitative Research Perspective." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692093857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920938572.
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Using assessment to improve learning has become a global phenomenon. Research has shown that applying assessment for learning (AfL) in classroom contexts could increase learning gains. Despite this, not much is done to substantiate how assessment as learning (AaL), a subset of AfL, has developed to support English-as-a-second-language (ESL) pupils’ learning of writing because teacher-centered pedagogy remains prevalent in the ESL educational landscape. In this article, I first introduce the idea of AaL. Second, I review five AaL studies with a focus on what research methods they adopted and evaluate whether these methods were applied appropriately. Third, I suggest four qualitative research methods that are suitable to track how AaL could facilitate pupils’ continued writing development. Fourth, I present a case study, exemplifying how I use three research methods to investigate young adolescents’ (Grade 7) mastery of AaL skills in a forthcoming project. This article ends with methodological implications, which enlighten scholars and teachers to investigate AaL in second language writing from a qualitative research perspective.
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Madeira, Mariana De Resende, Maximiliano De Souza Martins, Gustavo Pereira Martins, and Fernando Flecha Alkmim. "Caracterização faciológica e evolução sedimentar da Formação Moeda (Supergrupo Minas) na porção noroeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais." Geologia USP. Série Científica 19, no. 3 (2019): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2316-9095.v19-148467.
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A Formação Moeda, ao longo da região noroeste do Quadrilátero Ferrífero, registra os primeiros estágios da Bacia Minas, desenvolvida no limite Neoarqueano/Paleoproterozoico no sul do Cráton do São Francisco (CSF). Este trabalho analisa essa unidade a partir de seis perfis estratigráficos de detalhe nos quais foram identificadas nove fácies sedimentares: quatro conglomeráticas (Gms, Gm, Gt e Gp), três essencialmente areníticas (St, Sp e Sh) e duas predominantemente pelíticas (Fl e Fsc). As seções estratigráficas foram correlacionadas, possibilitando o agrupamento das fácies em cinco associações geneticamente relacionadas. As associações de fácies AF1 e AF2 representam sistemas de leques aluviais que evoluíram para planícies fluviais entrelaçadas. AF3 está relacionada a um sistema lacustre associado a marinho raso nas porções distais. Por fim, as associações de fácies AF4 e AF5 representam planícies fluviais entrelaçadas encerradas por uma transgressão marinha no estágio final de evolução da bacia. Com o auxílio do mapeamento geológico-estrutural de detalhe dessas associações e da confecção de uma seção restaurada foi possível interpretar que as AF1, AF2, AF3 e a porção basal da AF4 foram depositadas durante os estágios iniciais do rifteamento continental, e as demais associações materializam a transição rifte-margem passiva.
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Olesen, Uffe Høgh, Martin Wiinberg, Catharina Margrethe Lerche, Ditte Elisabeth Jæhger, Thomas Lars Andresen, and Merete Haedersdal. "Anti-PD-1 Therapy with Adjuvant Ablative Fractional Laser Improves Anti-Tumor Response in Basal Cell Carcinomas." Cancers 13, no. 24 (2021): 6326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13246326.
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The efficacy of anti-programmedcelldeath1therapy (aPD-1), which was recently approved for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) treatment, can be enhanced by adjuvant ablative fractional laser (AFL) in syngeneic murine tumor models. In this explorative study, we aimed to assess locally applied AFL as an adjuvant to systemic aPD-1 treatment in a clinically relevant autochthonous BCC model. BCC tumors (n = 72) were induced in Ptch1+/−K14-CreER2p53fl/fl-mice (n = 34), and the mice subsequently received aPD-1 alone, AFL alone, aPD-1+AFL, or no treatment. The outcome measures included mouse survival time, tumor clearance, tumor growth rates, and tumor immune infiltration. Both aPD-1 and AFL alone significantly increased survival time relative to untreated controls (31 d and 34.5 d, respectively vs. 14 d, p = 0.0348–0.0392). Complementing aPD-1 with AFL further promoted survival (60 d, p = 0.0198 vs. aPD-1) and improved tumor clearance and growth rates. The BCCs were poorly immune infiltrated, but aPD-1 with adjuvant AFL and AFL alone induced substantial immune cell infiltration in the tumors. Similar to AFL alone, combined aPD-1 and AFL increased neutrophil counts (4-fold, p = 0.0242), the proportion of MHCII-positive neutrophils (p = 0.0121), and concordantly, CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration (p = 0.0061–0.0242). These descriptive results suggest that the anti-tumor response that is generated by aPD-1 with adjuvant AFL is potentially promoted by increased neutrophil and T-cell engraftment in tumors. In conclusion, local AFL shows substantial promise as an adjuvant to systemic aPD-1 therapy in a clinically relevant preclinical BCC model.
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Chen, Yung-Lung, Hui-Ting Wang, Huang-Chung Chen, et al. "Proposed A2C2S2-VASc score for predicting atrial fibrillation development in patients with atrial flutter." Open Heart 8, no. 1 (2021): e001478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2020-001478.
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AimsThe clinical outcome and threshold of oral anticoagulation differs between patients with solitary atrial flutter (AFL) and those with AFL developing atrial fibrillation (AF) (AFL-DAF). We therefore investigated previously unevaluated predictors of AF development in patients with AFL, and also the predictive values of risk scores in predicting the occurrence of AF and ischaemic stroke.Methods and resultsParticipants were those diagnosed with AFL between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2013. Patients were classified into solitary AFL and AFL-DAF groups during follow-up. Finally, 4101 patients with solitary AFL and 4101 patients with AFL-DAF were included after 1:1 propensity score matching with CHA2DS2-VASc scores and their components, AFL diagnosis year and other comorbidities. The group difference in the prevalence of ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and congestive heart failure (CHF) was substantial, that of vascular disease was moderate, and that of diabetes and hypertension was negligible. Therefore, we reweighted the component of heart failure as 2 (the same with stroke/TIA) and vascular disease as 1 in the proposed A2C2S2-VASc score. The proposed A2C2S2-VASc and CHA2DS2-VASCscores showed patients with AFL who had higher delta scores and follow-up scores had higher risk of AF development. The delta score outperformed the follow-up score in both scoring systems in predicting ischaemic stroke.ConclusionThis study showed that new-onset CHF, stroke/TIA and vascular disease were predictors of AF development in patients with AFL. The dynamic score and changes in both CHA2DS2-VASCand the proposed A2C2S2-VASc score could predict the development of AF and ischaemic stroke.
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Tang, Xiaoli, and Han Yu. "Reputation-aware Revenue Allocation for Auction-based Federated Learning." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 19 (2025): 20832–40. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i19.34296.
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Auction-based Federated Learning (AFL) has gained significant research interest due to its ability to incentivize data owners (DOs) to participate in FL model training tasks of data consumers (DCs) through economic mechanisms via the auctioneer. One of the critical research issues in AFL is decision support for the auctioneer. Existing approaches are based on the simplified assumption of a single, monopolistic AFL marketplace, which is unrealistic in real-world scenarios where multiple AFL marketplaces can co-exist and compete for the same pool of DOs. In this paper, we relax this assumption and frame the AFL auctioneer decision support problem from the perspective of helping them attract participants in a competitive AFL marketplace environment while safeguarding profit. To achieve this objective, we propose the Auctioneer Revenue Allocation Strategy for AFL (ARAS-AFL). We design the concepts of the attractiveness and competitiveness from the perspective of autioneer reputation. Based on the Lyapunov optimization, ARAS-AFL helps individual AFL auctioneer achieve the dual objective of balancing the reputation management costs and its own profit by designing a dynamic revenue allocation strategy. It takes into account both the auctioneer’s revenue and the changes in the number of participants on the AFL marketplace. Through extensive experiments on widely used benchmark datasets, ARAS-AFL demonstrates superior performance compared to state-of-the-art approaches. It outperforms the best baseline by 49.06%, 98.69%, 10.32%, and 4.77% in terms of total revenue, number of data owners, public reputation and accuracy of federated learning models, respectively.
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Novotny, Samantha, Julia Dokko, Xiaoyue Zhang, et al. "Preoperative atrial fibrillation/flutter impact on risk-adjusted repeat aortic intervention patients." Vessel Plus 6 (2022): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2021.139.
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Aim: Impacts of pre-operative atrial fibrillation or flutter (AF/AFL) upon repeat aortic valve replacement (r-AVR) patients’ risk-adjusted short-term outcomes is unknown. Methods: From 2005-2018, New York State AF/AFL versus non-AF/AFL adults’ risk-adjusted r-AVR outcomes were compared. Primary endpoints included the Society of Thoracic Surgeons’ 30-day operative mortality or major morbidity (MM) composite and 30-day readmission (READMIT); the MM sub-components were secondary endpoints. Multivariable logistic regression models evaluated AF/AFL impact upon these endpoints while holding other factors constant. Results: Of 36,783 adults initially undergoing aortic valve replacement, 334 subsequently underwent r-AVR. Within this r-AVR group, 42.4% of repeat surgical (r-SAVR) patients had AF/AFL; 50.4% of repeat transcatheter (viv-TAVR) patients had AF/AFL. R-SAVR AF/AFL patients were older and had more comorbidities than those without AF/AFL. Viv-TAVR AF/AFL patients were similar to those without AF/AFL except for lower rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Comparing risk-adjusted r-AVR outcomes, AF/AFL did not impact MM [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 0.66-2.28, P = 0.512] or READMIT (OR, 95% CI: 1.15, 0.60-2.19, P = 0.681). Black race (OR, 95% CI: 2.89, 1.01-8.32, P = 0.049) and Elixhauser mortality score (OR, 95% CI: 1.07, 1.04-1.10, P < 0.0001) predicted MM risk. Cerebrovascular disease (OR, 95% CI: 2.54, 1.23-5.25, P = 0.012) predicted READMIT risk, while viv-TAVR was protective compared to r-SAVR (OR, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.21-0.91, P = 0.027). Conclusion: AF/AFL was not associated with risk-adjusted short-term r-AVR outcomes. Black race, Elixhauser mortality score, and cerebrovascular disease predicted adverse outcomes.
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Prihantoro, Agung, Fattah Setiawan Santoso, and Hilman Haroen. "Penerapan Assessment Of, For Dan As Learning Dalam Perkuliahan Di Perguruan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Indonesia." Ulumuddin: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Keislaman 14, no. 1 (2024): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.47200/ulumuddin.v14i1.2371.
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The research aims to describe (1) how assessment of learning (AoL), assessment for learning (AfL) and assessment as learning (AaL) are applied by lecturers in Islamic universities in Indonesia, (2) what steps of the AaL the lecturers take, (3) how the lecturers give feedback of the AaL to students in the sociocultural-regious context of Indonesia Islamic universities, and (4) what problems and solutions of applying the AaL. The research methodology is an explanatory sequential mixed-methods. The population is lecturers of Islamic universities in Indonesia and the sample is 108 lecturers by cluster random sampling. The lecturers applying the AoL, AfL and AaL unitedly and separately in high level are 10 (9,26%)—19 (17,59%) people, and those specifically applying the AaL are 10 (9,26%) people. Steps of the AaL taken by the lecturers are (1) writing and distributing teaching plans to students, (2) motivating students to do self-regulated learning, (3) asking students to assess student’s own learning outcome, (4) asking students to assess their colleagues’ learning outcome and (5) giving feedback to students. The lecturers give feedback to students in Indonesia Islamic universities. Problems of applying the AaL deal with the lectuers’ low understanding of the AaL and students’ low level of self-regulated learning.
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Çolak, Yunus, Shoaib Afzal, Børge G. Nordestgaard, Jørgen Vestbo, and Peter Lange. "Young and middle-aged adults with airflow limitation according to lower limit of normal but not fixed ratio have high morbidity and poor survival: a population-based prospective cohort study." European Respiratory Journal 51, no. 3 (2018): 1702681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.02681-2017.
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A presumed consequence of using a fixed ratio for the definition of airflow limitation (AFL) has been overdiagnosis among older individuals and underdiagnosis among younger individuals. However, the prognosis of younger individuals with potentially underdiagnosed AFL is poorly described. We hypothesised that potential underdiagnosis of AFL at a younger age is associated with poor prognosis.We assigned 95 288 participants aged 20–100 years from the Copenhagen General Population Study into the following groups: individuals without AFL with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥0.70 and ≥lower limit of normal (LLN) (n=78 779, 83%); individuals with potentially underdiagnosed AFL with FEV1/FVC ≥0.70 and <LLN (n=1056, 1%); individuals with potentially overdiagnosed AFL with FEV1/FVC <0.70 and ≥LLN (n=3088, 3%); and individuals with AFL with FEV1/FVC <0.70 and <LLN (n=12 365, 13%). We assessed risk of exacerbations, pneumonias, ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and all-cause mortality. Median follow-up was 6.0 years (range: 2 days–11 years).Compared to individuals without AFL, individuals with potentially underdiagnosed AFL had an increased risk of morbidity and mortality with age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) of 2.7 (95% CI: 1.7–4.5) for pneumonias, 2.3 (95% CI: 1.2–4.5) for heart failure, and 3.1 (95% CI: 2.1–4.6) for all-cause mortality.Young and middle-aged adults with AFL according to LLN but not fixed ratio experience increased respiratory and cardiovascular morbidity and early death.
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Wybraniec, Maciej T., Kamil Górny, Kamil Jabłoński, et al. "Clinical Characteristics of Atrial Flutter and Its Response to Pharmacological Cardioversion with Amiodarone in Comparison to Atrial Fibrillation." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 13 (2023): 4262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12134262.
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Background: Unlike atrial fibrillation (AF), atrial flutter (AFl) is thought to be relatively refractory to pharmacological cardioversion (PC), but the evidence is scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and efficacy of the PC of AFl with amiodarone in comparison to AF. Materials and methods: This retrospective study covered 727 patients with urgent consult for AF/AFl in a high-volume emergency department between 2015 and 2018. AFl was diagnosed in 222 (30.5%; median age: 68 (62; 75) years; 65.3% men). In a nested case-control study, 59 control patients with AF, matched in terms of age and sex with 60 AFl patients, were subject to PC with amiodarone. The primary endpoint was return of sinus rhythm confirmed using a 12-lead ECG. Results: The AFl population had a median CHA2DS2-VASc score of 3 (2; 4) and episode duration of 72 h (16; 120). In the AFl cohort, 36% of patients were initially subject to PC, 33.3% to electrical cardioversion (EC) and 40.5% to catheter ablation. In comparison to the AF group, the AFl patients required a longer hospitalization time, had a higher rate of EC (p < 0.001) and less frequent use of PC (p < 0.001) and, lower left ventricular ejection fraction (p < 0.001) and more pronounced cardiovascular risk factors. The efficacy of PC with amiodarone was significantly lower in AFl than AF group (39% vs. 65%, relative risk (RR) 0.60, p = 0.007). Conclusions: AFl patients shared a greater burden of comorbidities than AF patients, while the efficacy of PC in AFl was low. Patients should be initially managed with primary electrical cardioversion.
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Konada, Naresh Kumar, K. N. S. Suman, Roop Sandeep Bammidi, and B. B. Ashok Kumar. "Investigation on Mechanical, Thermal and Bonding Properties of MWCNTs Reinforced Aramid/Epoxy Composite." Nano Hybrids and Composites 30 (November 2020): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.30.27.
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The poor ability of bonding performance of aramid fiber with epoxy resin limits its usage for wide range of applications. In this research work, an attempt was made to improve the bonding performance of aramid fiber with polymer matrix by performing nitric acid treatment on fiber. The role of functionalized multi walled carbon nano tubes (F-MWCNTs) reinforced in the base polymer matrix is also studied. Six composite sheets (AF0, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, and AF5) with varying content of F-MWCNTs from (0.1wt% to 0.5wt %) are fabricated using hand layup method having dimensions of 25cm x 25 cm x 0.8 cm . AF0 composite sheet is free from presence of F-MWCNTs. The remaining ingredients [80% epoxy resin, 0.2 % rubber powder, 0.2% graphite powder, and 0.2% BaSO4, 0.2% Zirconium Silicate powder and 1.5 % fiber] are kept constant for achieving desirable properties of friction materials. After undergoing, curing process in atmosphere for 72 hrs, the specimens are cut according to ASTM standards to evaluate mechanical, thermal and bonding properties of the composites. Scanning electron microscope images (SEM) are observed for the samples to observe the grain distribution present in the composite. It was observed from results that, AF4 (aramid fiber reinforced composite friction material with 0.4% F-MWCNTs inclusions ) along with remaining ingredients exhibited better mechanical ,thermal and bonding properties compared to remaining formulations of materials.
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Zhu, Yan, and Mingwei Pan. "IMPLEMENTING ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING IN THE CHINESE EFL CONTEXT: AN EXPLORATORY ACTION RESEARCH." International Journal of Education 9, no. 2 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ije.v9i2.5463.
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This article reports on a two-year-long action research project, where Assessment for Learning (AfL) was implemented in a tertiary foreign language classroom in China. It aims to seek answers to three research questions. First, to what extent can AfL impact on learner autonomy? Second, to what extent can AfL effectively improve learners’ proficiency of the target language? Third, what factors may influence the implementation of AfL? The qualitative data elicited from the interviews with learners, triangulated with the quantitative data from questionnaires, revealed that AfL is a rather effective way of promoting learner autonomy. In addition, quantitative data from a pre- and post-test lend support to the hypothesis that AfL in general achieves overall beneficial effects on learners’ language proficiency, though there are differential effects on sub-groups, i.e. female vs. male, and Shanghainese vs. non-Shanghainese. This study also pinpoints certain factors that are possibly conducive to or constraining the implementation of AfL in the Chinese EFL context.
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Salles-Costa, Rosana, Guilherme L. Werneck, Claudia S. Lopes, and Eduardo Faerstein. "Associação entre fatores sócio-demográficos e prática de atividade física de lazer no Estudo Pró-Saúde." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 19, no. 4 (2003): 1095–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2003000400031.
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Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar a associação de fatores sócio-demográficos com a prática de atividade física de lazer (AFL). O estudo de base, do tipo seccional, foi realizado entre 4.030 funcionários de uma universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, através de questionário preenchível pelos próprios indivíduos. AFL foi obtida através da avaliação das atividades físicas praticadas nas duas semanas anteriores ao preenchimento do questionário, avaliada através da estimativa do Equivalente Metabólico semanal (EMS). Os valores de razão de chances entre fatores sócio-demográficos e AFL, e foram estimados através de modelos de regressão logística multinomial. As perguntas elaboradas para avaliar a prática de AFL apresentaram reprodutibilidade moderada, com o coeficiente kappa variando entre 0,45 a 0,88 entre as atividades avaliadas. A prevalência de praticantes de AFL foi maior entre os homens (52,2% homens; 40,8% mulheres). Tanto para homens como para as mulheres, quanto maior a escolaridade e a renda familiar per capita, maior a prática de AFL, quando se comparou o terço extremo de EMS com inatividade física de lazer. A prática de AFL foi maior entre os homens, sendo observado associação entre AFL e variáveis sócio-demográficas em ambos os sexos.
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Al Mamun, Md Abdullah, Sumera Ahsan, and Md Khairul Islam. "Practice of Assessment for Learning in Higher Education of Bangladesh." Social Science Review 41, no. 1 (2025): 17–38. https://doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v41i1.79123.
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Because of its promising role in facilitating students’ learning, Assessment for Learning (AfL) has been discussed widely in literature. However, its implementation is neither straightforward nor uncontested. While a great deal of research has been conducted on AfL in primary and secondary education, limited research has been done in higher education in Bangladesh. Using basic interpretive qualitative approach, this study investigated assessment practices of three lecturers (university teachers) from three different departments and institutes of one public university of Bangladesh. Data from classroom (lesson) observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers, and Focus Group Discussions with students were thematically analyzed. Findings show that, though the teachers had scope to tailor assessment and though some aspects of AfL were reflected in classroom activities, the assessment strategies were not meaningfully translated into a holistic approach of AfL. The assessment practices were more concerned with measuring and monitoring classroom activities than promoting students' learning, which is the main goal of AfL. The lack of curriculum direction for AfL, teachers' limited understanding of AfL, examination-oriented education, large class size, short class-duration, and limited physical facilities were the challenges for AfL practice. Findings suggest that there is a need to integrate AfL in higher education curriculum with design suitable for the contexts of Bangladesh along with teachers’ training on assessment. Social Science Review, Vol. 41(1), June 2024, Page 17-38.
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Sun, Ying-Yin, Dong-Qing Wu, Na-Na Yin, et al. "Arrb2 causes hepatic lipid metabolism disorder via AMPK pathway based on metabolomics in alcoholic fatty liver." Clinical Science 135, no. 10 (2021): 1213–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20201363.
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Abstract Background and aims: Alcoholic fatty liver (AFL) is an early form of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) that usually manifests as lipid synthesis abnormalities in hepatocytes. β-arrestin2 (Arrb2) is involved in multiple biological processes. The present study aimed to explore the role of Arrb2 in the regulation of lipid metabolism in AFL and the underlying mechanism and identify potential targets for the treatment of AFL. Methods: The expression of Arrb2 was detected in liver tissues obtained from AFL patients and Gao-binge AFL model mice. In addition, we specifically knocked down Arrb2 in AFL mouse liver in vivo and used Arrb2-siRNA or pEX3-Arrb2 to silence or overexpress Arrb2 in AML-12 cells in vitro to explore the functional role and underlying regulatory mechanism of Arrb2 in AFL. Finally, we investigated whether Arrb2 could cause changes in hepatic lipid metabolites, thereby leading to dysregulation of lipid metabolism based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Results: Arrb2 was up-regulated in the livers of AFL patients and AFL mice. The in vivo and in vitro results confirmed that Arrb2 could induce lipid accumulation and metabolism disorders. Mechanistically, Arrb2 induced hepatic metabolism disorder via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. The results of LC-MS analysis revealed that hepatic lipid metabolites with the most significant differences were primary bile acids. Conclusions: Arrb2 induces hepatic lipid metabolism disorders via AMPK pathway in AFL. On one hand, Arrb2 increases fatty acid synthesis. On the other hand, Arrb2 could increase the cholesterol synthesis, thereby leading to the up-regulation of primary bile acid levels.
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Wang, Mengya, and Suzanne Bartholomae. "Retirement Preparedness: How Important Is Being Financially Literate?" Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1440.
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Abstract Financial security in retirement is a major concern for many Americans. Numerous studies document that Americans are not prepared for retirement, with financial illiteracy cited as one reason Americans fail to plan. Employing data from the 2018 National Financial Capability Study (N=27,091), this study investigates actual financial literacy (AFL) and perceived financial literacy (PFL) and how combinations of this measure influences retirement planning, and varies based on years from retirement. This study found relatively low financial literacy and retirement preparedness levels among the US sample, even for those pre-retirees ages 55 to 64. Individually, PFL and AFL increased as one approached retirement. When combined, adults nearing retirement (55 to 64) comprised the greatest proportion of the high AFL and high PFL (29.9%) group compared to adults 20 years or more from retirement (18-44) who largely made up the low AFL and PFL (48%) group. Based on a logistic regression, adults closest to retirement (ages 55 to 64) are more likely to be planning compared to the other groups, as are adults who were financially confident, risk takers, highly educated, males, and white. Compared to adults with high AFL and high PFL, adults with low AFL and low PFL, or a combination (low PFL and high AFL, high PFL and low AFL) have lower odds of preparing for retirement. Both PFL and AFL influences retirement planning, and PFL may be as important as AFL. Our highlight the importance of policies and programs to support Americans with retirement planning.
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Afzal, Muhammad Sohaib, Faryal Farooq, Manoj Kumar, et al. "Atrial flutter in a patient population with cancer: Comparison of incidence, mortality, and readmission rates." Journal of Clinical Oncology 42, no. 16_suppl (2024): e23079-e23079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2024.42.16_suppl.e23079.
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e23079 Background: Cardiac tachyarrhythmias are common in cancer patients. Much has been studied regarding atrial fibrillation, but the impact of atrial flutter (AFL) in different malignancies is under-studied. We aim to compare the occurrence of atrial flutter (AFL), its mortality, and readmission rates in cancer patients stratified by different types. Methods: The National Readmission Database (2016-2020) was queried to identify all-cause admissions for patients with active malignancy of any origin. The study population was divided into six subgroups based on the type of cancer (colorectal, renal, lung, breast, prostate, and hematological). Multivariate regression analysis was utilized for adjusted odds of mortality. A propensity score matching (PSM) model matched malignancy of interest with other malignancies to obtain incidence rates. Results: Among 10.6 million all-cause cancer-related hospitalizations, about 0.4% developed AFL. After propensity matching, when compared to other malignancies, AFL had the highest incidence in hospitalizations associated with lung malignancies (0.75%), followed by hematological (0.66%), prostrate (0.57%), renal (0.49%), colorectal (0.38%) and breast (0.31%) malignancies [p < 0.05]. Moreover, cancer hospitalizations complicated by AFL were associated with higher mortality. AFL was associated with the highest odds of mortality in colorectal malignancies (aOR:2.80), followed by hematological (aOR:2.67), renal (aOR:2.66), lung (aOR:2.22), breast (aOR:2.12), & prostate (aOR:1.76) malignancies [p < 0.001]. AFL was also associated with frequent readmissions in cancer patients. The rates of 30-day AFL-related recurrent admission were highest in lung malignancies (18.3%), followed by hematological (18%), renal (16.6%), prostate (15.1%), colorectal (14.7%) & breast (14.2%) malignancies [p < 0.05]. Conclusions: The incidence of AFL in nationwide hospitalizations among cancer patients was ~ 0.4%. AFL was found to have the highest incidence and readmission rates in lung malignancies, while AFL-related mortality was highest in colorectal malignancies.
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Amiewalan, F. O., and F. O. Balogun. "New Oligocene to Early Miocene Palynomorph Zonation of GZ-1 Well, Onshore Western Niger Delta, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, no. 4 (2021): 511–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i4.4.
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Palynological studies was carried out on GZ-1 well from the onshore western Niger Delta in order to recognized a new detected developments in the varieties of key pollen and spore taxa that have shorter and more distinguished interval zones to advance stratigraphical delineation. Palynological analysis was carried out using the conventional maceration technique for recovering acid insoluble organic-walled microfossils from sediments. The result yielded rich and diversified palynomorphs. The main assemblage were dominated by angiosperm pollen grain (dominant global flora from Late Cretaceous onwards) followed by pteridophytes/bryophyte spore. Dinoflagellate cysts, on the contrast, were less diverse while the Gymnosperm pollen were scarce. The identified palynomorph were used to establish seven main zones - AF1 Psilatricolporites crassus zone, AF2 Verrucatosporites usmensis zone, AF3 Triplochiton scleroxylon zone, AF4 Crassoretitriletes vanraadshooveni zone, AF5 Acrostichum aureum zone, AF6 Gemmatriporites ogwashiensis zone and AF7 Retitricolporites irregularis zone in this study. Established on quantitative events, the zones were also divided into seven subzones with some having finer subdivisions into (a) and (b) ranging in age from Early Oligocene to Early Miocene. Previous unfiled event trends of important indicator taxa of spores and pollen accredited to Pelliceria, Caesalapinoideae, Stenochlaena palustris, Polypodiaceae, Lygodium microphyllum, Polypodiaceae, Adiantaceae and Amanoa (Euphorbiaceae) have assisted improvement of formerly used palynological zonation schemes in the Niger Delta. It is anticipated that this quantitative zonation scheme erected, will help with imminent palynostratigraphical studies in the onshore Niger delta area.
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Al-Jarshawi, Mustafa Hussein Ajlan, and Ahmed Al-Imam. "A Thousand Words About Modern Medical Education: A Mini-Review Concerning the Theory of Education." Journal of Medical Science 91, no. 2 (2022): e636. http://dx.doi.org/10.20883/medical.e636.
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The present article represents a mini-review and a reflective essay concerning modern medical education methods, as well as ways to adapt them to medical education's local conditions (disciplines), including basic medical sciences. We introduced Gagné's theory of learning and other theories – Constructivist, Experiential, and Humanistic – followed by Dennik's "twelve tips" for effective learning and Harden's ten questions for curriculum development. Outcome-based education (OBE) was discussed and related to relevant concepts within Miller's pyramid and Bloom's taxonomy. Harden's SPICES model was emphasized concerning education strategies while discussing the assessment of learning (AoL), assessment as learning (AaL), and assessment for learning (AfL). Finally, the authors advise exploring the adaptation of modern education methods for a specific discipline of basic medical sciences – Human Anatomy – by incorporating the abovementioned concepts and integrating different AfL and AaL assessment tools while conveying a graphical concept map for this scenario.
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Shidlovskaya, S. A., M. Yu Gilyarov, A. A. Bogdanova, G. A. Gromyko, A. Yu Kuchina, and N. V. Safonov. "ANTICOAGULATION THERAPY DURING RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION." Sechenov Medical Journal 10, no. 1 (2019): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.47093/22187332.2019.1.63-68.
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Purpose. The study assess the effectiveness and safety of pulmonary veins atriums isolation (PVI) and radiofrequency ablation of the cavo - tricuspid isthmus with different modes of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFb) and atrial flutter (AFl). Materials and methods. The study included 83 patients - 52 with AFb, 18 - with AFl and 13 - with both types of arrhythmia. Of all the included patients 12 used warfarin for antioagulation (15%), 17 - dabigataran (21%), 39 - rivaroxaban (46%) and 15 - apixaban (18%). For patients using warfarin a “bridge therapy” tactic was used. For patients using POAC the drug was cancelled at 2 half - life periods before the procedure. Intraoperational thromboembollic and haemorrhagic complications were calculated, arrhythmia relapses and delayed complications were controlled in 3 and 6 months after the procedure. Results. 18 arrhytmia relapses were reported during the study, among them 79% happened after PVI, 89% - after cavotricuspid isthmus, 62% - after treatment of both types of arrhythmia. 4 major haemorrhagic complications were reported during the study (intraoperational haemopericardium), 3 major thromboembolic complications (a stroke through 6 months after the procedure). The frequency of minor hemorrhagic events amounted to 8 cases. Both modes of anticoagulation are effective and safe for prevention of thromboembolic events in atrial fibrillation and flutter correction surgery, however, a large, although statistically insignificant number of minor haemorrhagic events occurred in the early post - procedure period with dabigataran. The results of the study show the effectiveness of arrhythmia surgery to be 79% in patients with AFb and 89% in patients with AFl.
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Omland, Silje Haukali, Jacob Secher Ejlertsen, Dorrit Krustrup, et al. "Feasibility of Intratumoral Anti-PD1 as Treatment of Human Basal Cell Carcinoma: An Explorative Study with Adjuvant Ablative Fractional Laser." Cancers 14, no. 23 (2022): 5815. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235815.
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The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is expanding with the approval for advanced/metastatic keratinocyte carcinoma; however, most tumors are non-aggressive. Local administration could broaden ICI, but adequate immune response might require an immune-attractive adjuvant such as ablative fractional laser (AFL). Accordingly, this study aimed to explore intratumoral injection of anti-PD1 with and without AFL in basal cell carcinoma (BCC), exploring anti-PD1 concentration, immune cell infiltration, tumor response, and safety. This open-label, proof-of-concept trial investigated intratumoral anti-PD1 + AFL combination therapy versus anti-PD1 or AFL monotherapy in 28 BCC patients. The primary endpoints were immune cell infiltration evaluated immunohistochemically and clinical tumor response after 3 months. The secondary outcomes were tumoral drug concentration and safety. The most robust response was obtained following intervention with combined anti-PD1+AFL, leading to a ~2.5-fold increase in CD3+ cells (p = 0.027), and tumor reduction ≥25% in 73%, including two tumors with complete remission. Upon anti-PD1 monotherapy, a slight decrease in CD3+ cells was observed while a non-significant increase following AFL was seen. Tumor reduction ≥25% was seen in 45% and 50%, respectively, after anti-PD1 and AFL monotherapy. The CD8/CD3 ratio remained unchanged after anti-PD1+AFL and anti-PD1 monotherapy, while AFL led to a decreased ratio. A non-significant decline in the Foxp3/CD3 ratio was observed for all groups. Side-effects were mild with no systemic drug concentration detected. Intratumoral anti-PD1 injection is feasible, and a single exposure to locally injected anti-PD1 with adjuvant AFL increased immune cell infiltration and reduction in BCC with limited side-effects.
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Roberts, Spencer S. H., Emma Falkenberg, Alysha Stevens, Brad Aisbett, Michele Lastella, and Dominique Condo. "The Sleep of Elite Australian Rules Footballers During Preseason: A Comparison of Men and Women." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 5 (2021): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2020-0340.
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Purpose: Australian football has elite men’s (Australian Football League; AFL) and women’s (Australian Football League Women’s; AFLW) competitions. This study compared AFL and AFLW players’ sleep and characterized players’ sleep in the context of current sleep recommendations. Methods: A total of 70 players (36 AFL, 34 AFLW) had their sleep monitored via actigraphy over a 10-day preseason period. Sleep outcomes and their intraindividual variation, were compared between AFL and AFLW players using linear mixed models. Proportions of players sleeping ≥7 and ≥8 hours per night, and achieving ≥85% sleep efficiency, were compared using chi-square analyses. Results: Compared with AFL players, AFLW players slept less (7.9 [0.5] vs 7.1 [0.6] h, P = .000), had lower sleep efficiency (89.5% [2.8%] vs 84.0% [4.4%], P = .000), and greater intraindividual variation in sleep efficiency (3.1% [0.9%] vs 5.1% [2.1%], P = .000). A total of 47% of AFLW versus 3% of AFL players averaged <7 hours sleep (χ2 = 18.6, P = .000). A total of 88% of AFLW versus 50% of AFL players averaged <8 hours sleep (χ2 = 11.9, P = .001). A total of 53% of AFLW versus 14% of AFL players averaged <85% sleep efficiency (χ2 = 12.1, P = .001). Conclusions: AFLW players slept less and had poorer sleep quality than AFL players. Many AFLW players do not meet current sleep duration or sleep quality recommendations. Research should test strategies to improve sleep among Australian rules footballers, particularly among elite women.
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Oya, Siti Aishah Wan, and Zaimuariffudin Shukri Nordin. "Assessment for learning practices among Malay language teachers in Malaysia National Type Chinese School." International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE) 14, no. 1 (2025): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v14i1.31404.
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This study investigates the issues Malay language teachers in Malaysia National Types Chinese School (SJKC) regarding the inconsistent application assessment for learning (AfL) practices, the persistence of traditional teachercentered, and the challenge of aligning AfL practices with curriculum standards and assessment criteria. These issues have a critical impact on the effectiveness of assessment, teaching, and learning. Given AfL’s potential to address educational challenges and enhance student outcomes, this study is highly relevant. To achieve this goal, a qualitative case study design approach, six participants were selected using the following criteria in purposive sampling, using data gathered from in-depth semi-structured interviews, informal conversations, lesson plans and assessment methods. Thematic analysis conducted using Atlas.ti, revealed three main themes: knowledge of AfL, AfL practice, and obstacles and challenges. The results show that most teachers primarily use belief AfL to improve student outcomes, but there are significant differences between beliefs and practices. Moreover, lack of knowledge which poses challenges due to shifts in curriculum standards and assessment administration in school. Given the results, suggestions embedding AfL principle into AfL practices to develop an objective framework for AfL and tracking second language learners’ language proficiency and progress, improving learning outcomes and language acquisition.
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Farikhah, Ni'matul. "A Novice Teacher’s Familiarity with Assessment for Learning in EFL Classroom." VELES: Voices of English Language Education Society 6, no. 2 (2022): 500–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.29408/veles.v6i2.6589.
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This case study aims to find out a novice teacher's knowledge of assessment for learning (AFL) and which AFL strategies are frequently used and considered helpful to enhance students' English proficiency. This study digs into the experience of an English teacher who has been teaching for two years in a secondary school in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The data of the study were mainly obtained from interviews and teaching artifacts. The collected data were then analyzed using thematic analysis. The study revealed that the teacher’s understanding of AFL is sufficient to implement AFL. On the other hand, support from the principal, fellow teachers, and students for the teacher to conduct the AFL was perceived as lacking. Despite the limitations, the teacher reported an attempt to conduct AFL using several strategies. Sharing learning intentions and success criteria with students, asking questions, and classroom discussion are among the strategies that are considered helpful. In contrast, teacher feedback and self and peer assessment are considered less effective. The findings imply a lack of teachers’ professional competence, particularly in conducting AFL. Suggestions are drawn to address the issues.
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Aubrey-Smith, Fiona. "Innovations in AfL." Headteacher Update 2017, no. 3 (2017): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/htup.2017.3.26.
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Yuwono, Muhammad Ridlo, and Muhammad Wahid Syaifuddin. "Pengembangan problem based learning dengan assessment for learning berbantuan smartphone dalam pembelajaran matematika." Beta Jurnal Tadris Matematika 10, no. 2 (2017): 184–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/betajtm.v10i2.116.
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[Bahasa]: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan model Problem Based Learning (PBL) menggunakan penilaian Assessment for Learning (AfL) berbantuan smartphone, disingkat PBL-AfL-S yang valid, praktis dan efektif untuk mendukung implementasi kurikulum 2013 di SMA. Tahap-tahap pengembangan model PBL-AfL-S terdiri dari penelitian pendahuluan, pengembangan/prototiping, dan evaluasi. Kualitas model PBL-AfL-S mengacu pada kriteria kualitas menurut Nieveen (1999) yaitu valid, praktis, dan efektif. Model PBL-AfL-S diujicobakan di SMA Negeri 3 Klaten dalam dua tahap uji coba. Uji coba tahap I dilaksanakan di kelas XI-IPA 6 dan uji coba tahap II dilaksanakan di kelas XI-IPA 7. Instrumen penelitian terdiri dari: 1) Instrumen penilaian kevalidan komponen model dan perangkat pendukung pembelajaran, 2) Instrumen kepraktisan aktivitas guru dan siswa, dan 3) Instrumen keefektifan yang meliputi angket penilaian diri, lembar penilaian proyek, tes prestasi belajar, dan lembar respon siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model PBL-AfL-S dan perangkat pembelajarannya telah memenuhi kriteria valid, praktis dan efektif.
 Kata kunci: Pembelajaran; Masalah; Asesmen; Smartphone
 [English]: This study aims to develop a Problem Based Learning (PBL) model using Assessment for Learning (AFL) with smartphone, abbreviated as PBL-AfL-S as valid, practical and effective to support the implementation of the 2013 curriculum in High School. The stages of developing the PBL-AfL-S model consist of preliminary research, development or prototyping, and evaluation. The quality criteria of PBL-AfL-S refer to Nieveen (1999), i.e. valid, practical, and effective. The PBL-AfL-S model was piloted in SMA Negeri 3 Klaten in two phases. Tryout 1 was conducted in class XI-IPA 6 and tryout 2 was in class XI-IPA 7. The research instruments consist of: 1) The validity instrument of the model and its learning support tools, 2) the practicality of the teacher’s and students’ activity, and 3) The effectiveness instruments including self-assessment questionnaires, project appraisal sheets, achievement tests, and student response sheets. The results show that the PBL-AfL-S model and learning tools have met the valid, practical and effective criteria.
 Keywords: Problem based Learning, Assessment; Smartphone
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Dokko, Julia. "Predictors and risk-adjusted outcomes of new-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation in repeat surgical and valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement." Vessel Plus 6 (2022): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20517/2574-1209.2022.11.
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Aim: New-onset postoperative atrial fibrillation/flutter (POAF/AFL) complications have not been well studied for repeat aortic valve replacements (r-AVR); this study identified risk factors predisposing to POAF/AFL and POAF/AFL’s effect upon risk-adjusted outcomes. Methods: Using New York State’s Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System records (2005-2018), multivariable forward selection models identified risks predictive of POAF/AFL. To identify POAF/AFL’s impact upon risk-adjusted mortality/morbidity (MM) and 30-day readmission (READMIT), forward selection logistic regression models applied Firth bias correction to address data sparsity. Results: Of the 242 r-AVR patients, 147 underwent repeat surgical aortic valve replacements (r-SAVR) and 95 underwent valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacements (ViV-TAVR); 39.46% of r-SAVR and 43.16% of ViV-TAVR patients had POAF/AFL. R-SAVR patients with POAF/AFL were older (69.7 ± 11.1 vs. 56.7 ± 13.2 years, P < 0.01) compared to R-SAVR patients without POAF/AFL. Multivariable models identified an enhanced POAF/AFL risk for elderly (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.03-1.07, P < 0.01) and cerebral vascular disease (OR: 2.18, 95%CI: 1.05-4.55, P = 0.04) patients. Bivariately, POAF/AFL was associated with READMIT, but not MM. Correspondingly, multivariable models found POAF/AFL increased READMIT (OR: 3.12, 95%CI: 1.46-6.65, P < 0.01), but not MM. However, black race (OR: 4.97, 95%CI: 1.61-15.37, P < 0.01) and Elixhauser score (OR: 1.05, 95%CI: 1.02-1.08, P < 0.01) increased risk for MM. Conclusion: More common in older and cerebrovascular disease patients, 41% of r-AVR patients with POAF/AFL had increased READMIT risk; thus, future investigations should focus on improving POAF/AF r-AVR patients’ post-discharge continuity of care.
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Lin, Yuan, Hsin-Kuan Wu, Te-Hsiung Wang, Tien-Hsing Chen, and Yu-Sheng Lin. "Trend and risk factors of recurrence and complications after arrhythmias radiofrequency catheter ablation: a nation-wide observational study in Taiwan." BMJ Open 9, no. 5 (2019): e023487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023487.
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ObjectivesThis study determined the recurrence and complication rates after radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) for those with paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome (WPW), atrial flutter (AFL), atrial fibrillation (AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT).Study design and settingThis retrospective study included RFCAs for 2001–2010 in the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Primary outcomes included perioperative complications (pericardial effusion and new-onset stroke), RFCA recurrence and long-term outcomes (high-grade atrioventricular block (AVB) and pacemaker implantation).ResultsOf 19,475 patients who underwent RFCA, prevalence rates were 56.7% for PSVT, 13.5% for WPW, 9.5% for AFL, 5.1% for AF and 2.7% for VT. Prevalence rates increased in AF, AFL and VT over the study years. During an average follow-up period of 4.3 years (SD: 2.8 years), recurrence rates for PSVT, WPW, VT, AFL and AF were 2.0%, 4.9%, 5.7%, 5.8% and 16.1%, respectively. Compared with the PSVT group, the WPW and AF groups had significantly higher risk of pericardial effusion during admission (adjusted OR (aOR) 2.98, 95% CI (CI) 1.24 to 7.15; aOR 4.09, 95% CI 1.90 to 8.79, respectively); the AFL group had a higher risk of new-onset stroke during admission (aOR 4.07, 95% CI 1.39 to 11.91); the WPW group had a lower risk of high-grade AVB during follow-up (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.37, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.71) while the AFL group had a greater risk (aHR 1.74, 95% CI 1.17 to 2.60); and the AFL group had a higher risk of permanent pacemaker (aHR 2.14, 95% CI 1.27 to 3.62).ConclusionsThe RFCA rate increased rapidly during 2001–2010 for AF, AFL and VT. Recurrence was associated with congenital heart disease in PSVT and WPW, and with age in AF and AFL. AFL had a higher risk of permanent pacemaker implantation and new stroke. AF had a higher risk of life-threatening pericardial effusion.
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Yin, GuoZhen, and EunJeong Park. "Exploring the Implementation of Assessment for Learning in the Asian EFL Context: A Systematic Research Synthesis." Language Teaching Research Quarterly 36 (October 2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2023.36.01.
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While acknowledging the significant impact of Assessment for Learning (hereinafter referred to as AfL) on student learning, the specific factors that either support or impede its integration into daily classroom practices remain unclear in Asian EFL context. To address this gap, a comprehensive review was undertaken for the purpose of determining the AfL strategies applied in existing literature and the key factors that influence the effective implementation of AfL within particular contexts. This research synthesis summarized clarification and instruction of learning intentions and goals, teachers’ feedback, peer assessment and self-assessment as main AfL strategies applied in Asian EFL classrooms and detected several key elements concerning teachers, students, assessments, and the overall context that influence the effect of the implementation of AfL. By shedding light on these various aspects, this systematic research synthesis contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of the theoretical and practical considerations involved in the implementation of AfL.
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Allegra, Carmen Joseph, Josep Tabernero, Philippe Rougier, et al. "Meta-analysis of anti-VEGF class adverse events from three double-blind (Db) placebo (Pbo)-controlled phase III trials with IV aflibercept (Afl)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 4_suppl (2012): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.4_suppl.561.
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561 Background: Three Db Pbo controlled studies were conducted with IV Afl in metastatic cancer patients [colorectal (CRC) Afl+FOLFIRI (WCGC 2011 abstract O-0024), lung (LC) Afl+docetaxel (WCLC 2011, abstract 511) and pancreatic (PC) Afl+gemcitabine (WCGC 2009 abstract O-0006)]. Each study used the same weekly Afl dose intensity (4 mg/kg q2w for CRC and PC; 6mg/kg q3w for LC). A safety meta-analysis of anti-VEGF class adverse events (AE) was performed on data from these studies. Methods: A fixed-effect logistic regression model was used, including study, treatment and study-by-treatment interaction factors as covariates to test the consistency of treatment effect across studies for each of the considered AE. When no evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effects was found across studies, relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Summary incidences (% of patients [pts]) and RR are presented for NCI grade 3-4 events. Results: Safety data from total of 2,662 pts (Afl: 1,333; Pbo: 1,329) were included for analysis (Table). Among pts treated with Afl, 0.4 and 0.5% experienced grade 4 hypertension and nephrotic syndrome, respectively. Conclusions: The addition of Afl to concurrent chemotherapies did not increase the risk of VTE. The risk of grade 3-4 anti-VEGF class AEs was increased when adding Afl to concurrent chemotherapies. This increased risk was statistically significant (**) only for hypertension, proteinuria and hemorrhage. Further analyses, when more data are available, should improve the precision of these results. Studies were sponsored by Sanofi NCT00561470 , NCT00532155 , and NCT00574275 . [Table: see text]
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Tabernero, Josep, Carmen Joseph Allegra, Philippe R. Rougier, et al. "Meta-analysis of anti-VEGF class adverse events from three double-blind (db), placebo (pbo)-controlled phase III trials with IV aflibercept (Afl)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (2012): 3579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.3579.
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3579 Background: Three db, pbo-controlled studies were conducted with IV Afl in metastatic cancer patients (pts) (colorectal [CRC], Afl + FOLFIRI [WCGC 2011, abstract O-0024]; lung [LC], Afl + docetaxel [WCLC 2011, abstract 511]; and pancreatic [PC], Afl + gemcitabine [WCGC 2009 abstract O-0006]). Each study used the same weekly Afl dose intensity (4 mg/kg q2w for CRC and PC; 6 mg/kg q3w for LC). A safety meta-analysis of anti-VEGF class adverse events (AEs) was performed on data from these studies. Methods: A fixed-effect logistic regression model was used, including study, treatment, and study-by-treatment interaction factors as covariates to test the consistency of treatment effect across studies for each of the considered AE. When no evidence of heterogeneity of treatment effects was found across studies, relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Summary incidences (% of pts) and RR are presented for NCI grade 3-4 events. Results: Safety data from a total of 2662 pts (Afl, 1333; pbo, 1329) were included for analysis. Among pts treated with Afl, 0.4 and 0.5% experienced grade 4 hypertension and nephrotic syndrome, respectively. Conclusions: The addition of Afl to concurrent chemotherapies did not increase the risk of VTE. The risk of grade 3-4 anti-VEGF class AEs was increased when adding Afl to concurrent chemotherapies. This increased risk was statistically significant only for hypertension, proteinuria, and hemorrhage. Further analyses, when more data are available, should improve the precision of these results. [Table: see text]
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Sukarno, Sukarno, Nur Hidayanto Pancoro Setyo Putro, Ihtiara Fitrianingsih, Yasir Ayed Alsamiri, Fadhl Mohammed Awadh Gharamah, and Ingrid A. Gavilan Tatin. "Exploring the perceptions of literacy in assessment for learning among high school English teachers." REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) 10, no. 2 (2024): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/reid.v10i2.71324.
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In the field of English language education, the crucial role of assessment for learning (AfL) requires teachers to possess robust assessment literacy. This study explores AfL literacy among high school English teachers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia by utilizing Alonzo's validated AfL survey that establishes a comprehensive six-factor model, delineating teachers as assessors, pedagogists, student partners, motivators, learners, and stakeholder partners. Exploiting confirmatory factor analysis and examining demographic variations, this quantitative research invited 202 English teachers in the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia selected purposively based on the geographical service area. Data were collected through an online questionnaire adopting Alonzo's 42-questions AfL and were analyzed quantitatively via Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with four indices, namely comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), and standard root mean square residual (SRMR).The findings substantiate the efficacy of the six-factor AfL model, underscoring educators' roles extending beyond traditional frameworks. The investigation also introduces a tool featuring detailed performance descriptors, addressing deficiencies, and harmonizing with AfL principles. It deduces that heightened foundational comprehension among English educators cultivates enhancements in AfL literacy and propels the refinement of professional evaluative competencies, thereby enriching the nuanced discourse surrounding AfL within language pedagogy. While the study's scope is confined to a specific geographical area and a limited cohort of participating instructors, it significantly enriches our comprehension of AfL literacy among English pedagogies. This research, therefore, provides a foundation for professional growth initiatives and facilitates enhancements in pedagogical approaches and academic achievement.
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Sá Silva, Suzana Patrícia de, Gilza Sandre-Pereira, and Rosana Salles-Costa. "Fatores sociodemográficos e atividade física de lazer entre homens e mulheres de Duque de Caxias/RJ." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 16, no. 11 (2011): 4491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232011001200022.
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OBJETIVOS: Avaliar prevalência, atividades praticadas no tempo destinado ao lazer (AFL) e suas variáveis associadas, entre gêneros, em Duque de Caxias/Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Material e métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de base populacional, composto por 1246 adultos. Durante as visitas domiciliares foram aplicados questionários avaliando a prática de AFL, fatores sociodemográficos e medidas antropométricas. RESULTADOS: A inatividade física foi elevada (70%) (p-valor <0,001) sendo os homens mais ativos (43,3%) que as mulheres (20%) (p-valor < 0,0001). Homens praticaram significativamente mais AFL competitivas e do universo masculino. Tomar conta de crianças foi um fator que aumentou a chance dos homens se engajarem em AFL (OR=2,75, p-valor=0,034), enquanto que entre as mulheres, aquelas que dispendiam menos tempo em atividades domésticas (OR=0,99, p-valor=0,016), não fumavam (OR=2,63, p-valor=0,039) e que apresentavam maior acúmulo de gordura abdominal (OR=2,72, p-valor=0,023), tinham mais chance de praticarem AFL. CONCLUSÃO Conclui-se que homens repetiram modelo de escolhas de AFL consideradas masculinas. Fatores sócio-demográficos e medidas antropométricas se associaram com AFL de forma diferente entre gêneros.
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FELLOWES, R. A., A. G. MAULE, N. J. MARKS, T. G. GEARY, D. P. THOMPSON, and D. W. HALTON. "Nematode neuropeptide modulation of the vagina vera of Ascaris suum: in vitro effects of PF1, PF2, PF4, AF3 and AF4." Parasitology 120, no. 1 (2000): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005260.
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Ascaris suum possesses a large number of FMRFamide-related peptides (FaRPs) of which KNEFIRFamide (AF1), KHEYLRFamide (AF2) and KSAYMRFamide (AF8/PF3) have been shown to modulate the intrinsic, rhythmic activity of the vagina vera of A. suum in vitro. In the present study, the effects of the nematode FaRPs, SDPNFLRFamide (PF1), SADPNFLREamide (PF2) and KPNFIRFamide (PF4) (from Panagrellus redivivus) and AVPGVLRFamide (AF3) and GDVPGVLRFamide (AF4) (from A. suum) on the in vitro activity of the vagina vera were examined. The effects of each of the peptides were qualitatively and quantitatively distinct. All 3 FaRPs from P. redivivus were inhibitory, causing a cessation of contractions. PF2 was 3 times more potent than PF1, with a threshold of 1 nM. Although PF4 was the least potent (threshold, 10 nM), its effects at [ges ]10 nM were quantitatively the greatest. Both AF3 and AF4 (1 μM) induced complex, multiphasic responses consisting of an initial contraction and spastic paralysis followed by a return of contractile activity of increased amplitude. AF3 was 3 times more potent than AF4. The effects of these peptides had some similarities to those observed on A. suum somatic body wall muscle in vitro, with PF1, PF2 and PF4 being inhibitory and AF3 and AF4 being excitatory.
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Gan, Zhengdong, Fulan Liu, and Chi Cheung Ruby Yang. "Assessment for Learning in the Chinese Context: Prospective EFL Teachers’ Perceptions and Their Relations to Learning Approach." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 8, no. 6 (2017): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0806.13.
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This study examines how prospective EFL teachers conceive of assessment for learning (AfL) practices and how these perceptions relate to their learning approaches. The study evaluated, in three teacher training universities’ in China, 692 prospective EFL teachers’ responses to a self-report instrument regarding assessment for learning practices and students’ learning approach. Results indicate a significant positive correlation between their perceived AfL experience and their tendency to adopt an achieving or deep approach to learning. Results also reveal that a surface approach to learning was negatively correlated to AfL experience, suggesting that in the Chinese university environment, the more AfL features incorporated into the classroom teaching and assessment processes, the less likely students adopt a surface approach to learning. This study also provides evidence of the potential differences in students’ responses to AfL as a result of different institutional environments. Implications of the results for addressing potential barriers to implementation of AfL in the Chinese context are also discussed.
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Neville, Timothy J., Paul M. Salmon, and Gemma J. M. Read. "Towards a model for measuring teamwork in Australian Rules Football Officials." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 60, no. 1 (2016): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601034.
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Officials in sport are a growing area of research in human factors due to the rapid decision making, expertise and teamwork required to officiate. Influenced by the “Big Five” model of teamwork, this paper presents exploratory research which developed measures for capturing teamwork in Australian Rules Football (AFL) Umpires. Four ratings of AFL umpiring teamwork are presented – Time in Control, Difference in Control, Time in Midzone and Difference in Midzone, which capture coordination, mutual performance monitoring and backup behavior in AFL umpiring teams. The measures are tested through observational analysis of umpiring teams in seven AFL games. The findings demonstrate that the measures achieved inter- and intra-team differences in teamwork; while over the course of games the umpiring teams demonstrated the ability to self-regulate. The suitability of the measures to AFL umpiring, the “Big Five” model, and other teamwork domains are discussed. Finally, extensions of the measures into a model of AFL umpiring teamwork are presented.
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Trucksess, Mary, Carol Weaver, Carolyn Oles, Kathleen D'Ovidio, and Jeanne Rader. "Determination of Aflatoxins and Ochratoxin A in Ginseng and Other Botanical Roots by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup and Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 89, no. 3 (2006): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/89.3.624.
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Abstract Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites produced by certain molds and are common contaminants of many important food crops, such as grains, nuts, and spices. Some mycotoxins are found in fruits, vegetables, and botanical roots. These contaminants have a broad range of toxic effects, including carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. The public health concerns related to both acute and chronic effects of mycotoxins in animals have prompted more than 100 countries to establish regulatory limits for some of the well-known mycotoxins, such as the aflatoxins (AFL). Our research focused on method development for 2 of these toxins, AFL and ochratoxin A (OTA), in ginseng and other selected botanical roots. Methods using an immunoaffinity column (IAC) cleanup, liquid chromatographic separation, and fluorescence detection were modified and evaluated. Two types of IAC cleanup were evaluated: IAC for AFL, and IAC for both AFL and OTA. Three derivatization techniques to enhance the fluorescence of the AFL were compared: precolumn trifluoroacetic acid, postcolumn bromination, and postcolumn ultraviolet irradiation. No derivatization was needed for OTA. Results for AFL using the single analyte IAC cleanup and the 3 derivatization techniques were all comparable for ginseng and for other roots such as ginger, licorice, and kava-kava. Recoveries of added AFL for ginseng at levels from 2 to 16 ng/g were about 80%. Using IAC cleanup for both AFL and OTA recoveries of added AFL for ginseng at 416 ng/g were about 70%, and for ginger, licorice, and kava-kava were about 60%. Recoveries of added OTA for ginseng, ginger, and echinacea at 4 ng/g were about 55%.
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Anane, Ichraf, Fatma Guezguez, Hend Knaz, and Helmi Ben Saad. "How to Stage Airflow Limitation in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Male Patients?" American Journal of Men's Health 14, no. 3 (2020): 155798832092263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988320922630.
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No study has evaluated the utility of different classifications of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) airflow limitation (AFL) in terms of the refined “ABCD” classification of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) or in terms of the impacts on quality of life. This study aimed to compare some relevant health outcomes (i.e., GOLD classification and quality-of-life scores) between COPD patients having “light” and “severe” AFL according to five COPD AFL classifications. It was a cross-sectional prospective study including 55 stable COPD male patients. The COPD assessment test (CAT), the VQ11 quality-of-life questionnaire, a spirometry, and a bronchodilator test were performed. The patients were divided into GOLD “A/B” and “C/D.” The following five classifications of AFL severity, based on different post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) expressions, were applied: FEV1%pred: “light” (≥50), “severe” (<50); FEV1z-score: “light” (≥−3), “severe” (<−3); FEV1/height2: “light” (≥0.40), “severe” (<0.40); FEV1/height3: “light” (≥0.29), “severe” (<0.29); and FEV1Quotient: “light” (≥2.50), “severe” (<2.50). The percentages of the patients with “severe” AFL were significantly influenced by the applied classification of the AFL severity (89.1 [FEV1z-score], 63.6 [FEV1%pred], 41.8 [FEV1/height3], 40.0 [FEV1Quotient], and 25.4 [FEV1/height2]; Cochrane test = 91.49, df = 4). The CAT and VQ11 scores were significantly different between the patients having “light” and “severe” AFL. In GOLD “C/D” patients, only the FEV1Quotient was able to distinguish between the two AFL severities. To conclude, the five classifications of COPD AFL were not similar when compared with regard to some relevant health outcomes.
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Kotoda, Nobuhiro, Masato Wada, Sadao Komori, et al. "Expression Pattern of Homologues of Floral Meristem Identity Genes LFY and AP1 during Flower Development in Apple." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 125, no. 4 (2000): 398–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.125.4.398.
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Two apple [Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.] homologous fragments of FLO/LFY and SQUA/AP1 (AFL and MdAP1, respectively) were analyzed to determine the relationship between floral bud formation and floral gene expression in `Jonathan' apple. The AFL gene was expressed in reproductive and vegetative organs. By contrast, the MdAP1 gene, identified as MdMADS5, which is classified into the AP1 group, was expressed specifically in sepals concurrent with sepal formation. Based on these results, AFL may be involved in floral induction to a greater degree than MdAP1 since AFL transcription increased ≈2 months earlier than MdAP1. Characterization of AFL and MdAP1 should advance the understanding of the processes of floral initiation and flower development in woody plants, especially in fruit trees like apple.
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Zeng, Meng, Xue Zhou, Chunhong Yang, et al. "Comparative analysis of the biological characteristics and mechanisms of azole resistance of clinical Aspergillus fumigatus strains." Frontiers in Microbiology 14 (November 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1253197.
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Aspergillus fumigatus is a common causative pathogen of aspergillosis. At present, triazole resistance of A. fumigatus poses an important challenge to human health globally. In this study, the biological characteristics and mechanisms of azole resistance of five A. fumigatus strains (AF1, AF2, AF4, AF5, and AF8) were explored. There were notable differences in the sporulation and biofilm formation abilities of the five test strains as compared to the standard strain AF293. The ability of strain AF1 to avoid phagocytosis by MH-S cells was significantly decreased as compared to strain AF293, while that of strains AF2, AF4, and AF5 were significantly increased. Fungal burden analysis with Galleria mellonella larvae revealed differences in pathogenicity among the five strains. Moreover, the broth microdilution and E-test assays confirmed that strains AF1 and AF2 were resistant to itraconazole and isaconazole, while strains AF4, AF5, and AF8 were resistant to voriconazole and isaconazole. Strains AF1 and AF2 carried the cyp51A mutations TR34/L98H/V242I/S297T/F495I combined with the hmg1 mutation S541G, whereas strains AF4 and AF8 carried the cyp51A mutation TR46/Y121F/V242I/T289A, while strain AF5 had no cyp51A mutation. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed differences in the expression levels of genes associated with ergosterol synthesis and efflux pumps among the five strains. In addition, transcriptomics, RT-qPCR, and the NAD+/NADH ratio demonstrated that the mechanism of voriconazole resistance of strain AF5 was related to overexpression of genes associated with energy production and efflux pumps. These findings will help to further elucidate the triazole resistance mechanism in A. fumigatus.
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Kong, Xiangyi, Mingxiao Li, Liu He, et al. "Burden of Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter From 1990 to 2021 in China: Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Update." Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology, March 13, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/pace.15175.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) represent increasingly significant health burden globally. We aimed to systematically evaluate the status and trends of AF/AFL burden and attributable risk factors in China.MethodsWe assessed the burden of AF/AFL measured as prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs), by sex and age groups in China based on the Global Burden of Diseases Study (GBD) 2021 project.ResultsIn China, there were 10,775.72 thousand AF/AFL prevalent cases, 916.18 thousand AF/AFL incident cases, and 64.73 thousand AF/AFL mortality cases, contributing to 1653.12 thousand DALYs due to AF/AFL in 2021. Trend analysis indicated that the AAPC of number and crude rates of prevalence, incidence, mortality, and DALYs all escalated from 1990 to 2021. The current AF/AFL burden and temporal trend between 1990 and 2021 displayed heterogeneity based on sex and age groups. The spectrum for risk factors attributed for DALYs due to AF/AFL presented sex‐ and age‐specific manifestation. High systolic blood pressure served as the emerging leading contributor to DALYs due to AF/AFL in China.ConclusionA significant increase in the burden of AF/AFL underscores the enduring public health burden of AF/AFL in China, marked by profound sex and age‐related variations. There is a pressing imperative to adopt tailored strategies to attenuate increasing burden of AF/AFL and combat alongside high complication burden due to AF/AFL in China.
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Wu, Mei-Yao, Yen-Nien Lin, Hung-Pin Wu, et al. "Inverse Correlation Between Left Atrial Appendage Function and CHA2DS2-VASc Score in Patients with Atrial Flutter." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-54505-3.
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AbstractImpaired left atrial appendage ejection fraction (LAA-EF) and peak LAA flow velocity (LAA-FV) are associated with high thromboembolic risks in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Herein, we examined LAA function among patients with atrial flutter (AFL) stratified by the CHA2DS2-VASc score using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Of 231 consecutive patients with typical AFL, 84 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Among them, 57 had ongoing AFL and were divided into the isolated AFL (n = 38) and AFL with paroxysmal AF (PAF) (n = 19) groups, depending on whether they had sporadic AF before TEE. The remaining 27 patients with spontaneous sinus rhythm during TEE were designated as controls. Both the LAA-FV (31.9 cm/s vs. 51.5 cm/s, P = 0.004) and LAA-EF (28.4% vs. 36.5%, P = 0.024) measured during AFL were significantly lower in the AFL + PAF group than in the isolated AFL group. Significant inverse correlations between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and LAA-EF were identified in the AFL (P = 0.008) and AFL + PAF (P = 0.032) groups. We observed progressive LAA dysfunction in patients with AFL + PAF compared with that in patients with isolated AFL, and the LAA-EF was inversely correlated with the CHA2DS2-VASc score in these patients. Our findings may have implications on the application of thromboprophylactic therapy in patients with AFL.
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Bordon, Arnaldo F., Peter K. Kaiser, Armin Wolf, et al. "Efficacy and safety of the proposed biosimilar aflibercept, SDZ-AFL, in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration: 52-week results from the Phase 3 Mylight study." Retina, no. 00 (June 4, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/iae.0000000000004174.
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Purpose: The Phase 3 Mylight study was designed to confirm clinical equivalence of proposed biosimilar aflibercept (SOK583A1; Sandoz [SDZ-AFL]) to its reference biologic (Eylea®; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; Bayer AG [Ref-AFL]). Method: Mylight was a prospective, double-masked, 2-arm, parallel phase 3 study. Participants with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) were randomized 1:1 to receive eight injections of SDZ-AFL (n=244) or Ref-AFL (n=240) over 48 weeks. The primary endpoint was mean change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) score from Baseline to Week 8. Secondary endpoints included anatomical outcomes, BCVA at Weeks 24 and 52, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Results: Similarity in mean change in BCVA score was established between SDZ-AFL (n=235) and Ref-AFL (n=226) at Week 8 (difference: –0.3 [90% CI: –1.5, 1.0]), and to Week 52. No clinically meaningful differences occurred between groups in anatomical outcomes. Safety profiles were similar, with comparable incidences of treatment-related adverse events (SDZ-AFL: 2.5%; Ref-AFL: 2.9%). The incidence of anti-drug antibodies was similar between groups. Systemic free aflibercept concentrations 24 hours post-dose were low, and comparable between SDZ-AFL and Ref-AFL. Conclusion: SDZ-AFL matched reference aflibercept in terms of efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics in participants with nAMD. Therefore, this Phase 3 study confirmed biosimilarity of SDZ-AFL to Ref-AFL.