Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Affixation'

Провідне місце серед самостійних денумеральних частин мови належить іменнику, що забезпечує можливість мислити предметно та інтерпретує предметну частину мовної картини світу. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30549

This paper analyses the phenomenon of Suspended Affixation (SA) which refers to a situation in coordinated constructions when affixes on the final conjunct have scope over all the non-final conjuncts. The main goal of this paper is to look at the structure of SA for Noun Compound Coordination and to find out how pl and poss suffixes behave regarding suspension. Previous studies have shown that in N and NP coordination poss cannot be suspended leaving pl on the non-final conjunct. This study tests the suspendability of poss in the context of Noun Compound coordination. Since SA seems to represent gradient judgment data two acceptability judgment studies were conducted to find out the (un)grammaticality of Noun Compound constructions. The results show that pl and poss suffixes cannot be suspended for independent reasons. The suspendability of poss does not depend on the presence/absence of pl in the structure due to its structural position. This article proposes an analysis of SA in N and NP coordination which represents a combination of two approaches on SA already proposed in literature and is based on the idea of Parallel Merge proposed by Citko (2005). SA in N and NP coordination is considered to be a coordination of fully inflected conjuncts where the inflections are parallel-merged with two conjuncts (final and non-final). I show that due to the structure of Noun Compound coordination constructions, pl and poss cannot be parallel-merged because of a minimality condition: a non-final conjunct has to be a Minimal Morphological Word.

Abstract

In English usages such as mankind and job titles ending in -man (fireman, chairman) when referring to people in general are considered sexist. Sexist language makes a distinction between women and men and it can exclude, trivialize or diminish women. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to study the sexist or non-sexist use of occupational terms in The San Diego Union Tribune and The Daily Aztec. The questions that were investigated were how the newspapers used affixed terms ending in –man and -woman, if they added female/woman/lady to refer to women, but also how they referred to traditional female professions (nurse, midwife). The study was conducted by hand by using a textual analysis, which was both qualitative and quantitative in nature. The study showed that the newspapers primarily use non-sexist occupational terms and avoid using female markings, even when reference is being made to women who have traditional male professions. The sexist usage that was most common was the affixed terms ending in –man and –woman. One conclusion that could be drawn was that The San Diego Union Tribune follows The Associated Press Stylebook’s policy about the usage of coined words such as chairperson and spokesperson.

In Paradigm Function Morphology, it is usual to model affix position classes with an ordered sequence of inflectional rule blocks. Each rule block determines how (or whether) a particular affix position is filled. In this model, competition among inflectional rules is assumed to be limited to members of the same rule block; thus, the appearance of an affix in one position cannot be precluded by the appearance of an affix in another position. I present evidence that apparently disconfirms this restriction and suggests that a more general conception of rule competition is necessary. The data appear to imply that an affixation rule may in some cases override a rule introducing an affix occupying another, distinct position. I propose that each inflectional rule R carry two indices — the first, as usual, specifying the position of the affix introduced by R. The second, however, specifies the position(s) that R satisfies. By default, these two indices identify the same position. However, where one affix precludes another, the second index of the appearing affix specifies two affix positions: the one in which it appears and the one which it precludes. With both blocks satisfied, no other rules which fill either may be applied.

Cet ouvrage tente d'elaborer et d'appliquer au lexique construit (par affixation et conversion) du francais un ensemble coherent et hierarchise de regles et de principes constituant une grammaire generative du lexique. L'hypothese fondamentale sur laquelle repose ce travail est la suivante : les irregularites de tous ordres observables sur la partie attestee du lexique construit cachent des regularites profondes gouvernees par cette grammaire. Sont d'abord envisages les obstacles qui empechent le morphologue de depasser le niveau de l'"evidence": difficultes d'acces aux materiaux, pesanteur des conceptions et des outils traditionnels de l'analyse des mots construits. Les irregularites observables sont soumises a un tri qui permet d'isoler les fausses irregularites, d'origine essentiellement extralinguistique, les sous-regularites, d'ordre formel et semantique, et les veritables idiosyncrasies. Cette redistribution des exceptions apparentes permet de distinguer divers types de mots complexes, de definir de facon contrainte la notion d'operation derivationnelle, enfin de justifier la construction de divers types de regles lexicales hierarchisees entre elles. Est ensuite explicite le fonctionnement detaille d'un modele lexical reposant sur cette analyse stratifiee des donnees. Ce modele est organise en trois composants qui formalisent respectivement les materiaux non construits qui servent aux regles (composant de base), les regles de construction des mots (composant derivationnel), et un ensemble ordonne de filtres charges de conformer le lexique de droit au lexique de fait (composant conventionnel). Il presente vis-a-vis des modeles lexicalistes concurrents l'originalite d'etre a la fois associatif (les regles attribuent aux mots construits une structure morphologique et une interpretation semantique associees), surgeneratif par rapport au lexique atteste, et stratifie, puisque l'organisation du modele respecte la hierarchie des regularites et des diverses irregularites. L'ouvrage est complete par seize annexes developpant des points particuliers ou fournissant des inventaires, et quatre index
This work tries to construct a consistent set of rules and principles organized into a hierarchy and constituting a generative grammar of the lexicon, to be applied to the french lexicon built by affixation and conversion. The main hypothesis is : behind the various irregularities one may observe in the attested part of the "built lexicon", lie deep regularities governed by a grammar such as the one here constructed. First, i analyze the reasons why the morphologists cannot generally see further than the obvious level : difficulties in the access to the material, burdensomeness of the traditional conceptions and tools used for the analysis of the derived words. Second, i sift out the observable irregularities in order to select (i) the apparent irregularities, most of them being extralinguistical, (ii) the formal and semantic subregularities, and (iii) the pure idiosyncrasies. This new classification of the apparent exceptions enables to mark off various types of complex words, then to define restrictively the concept of "derivational operation", finally to justify the hierarchy of various types of lexical rules presented here. Third, the detailed functioning of a lexical model based on such a stratified analysis of the data is explicitly described. This model is organized in three components that formalize (i) the underived material to be used by the rules ("base component"), (ii) the word formation rules ("derivational component"), and (iii) an ordered set of filters which function it is to adjust the de jure lexicon to the de facto one ("conventional component"). In comparison with the other leicalist models, this one is original, being altogether associative (the rules give to the derived words a morphological structure and a semantical interpretation that are associated), overgenerative when compared to the attested lexicon, and stratified, since the model organization agrees with the hierarchy of the regularities and of the various irregularities. The work is completed by sixteen annexes detailing spcific topics or giving corpus, plus four indexes

This thesis investigates the word formation processes of the neologisms in the Harry Potter books by JK Rowling. The aim is to find the frequencies of these processes and then discuss why the frequency looks this way. By collecting and analysing the neologisms with the help of the classification of Plag (2003) and Ljung (2003), the frequencies of the different formation processes is established. The reasons why the distribution of word formation processes looks this way is then discussed and compared to the background information about the author. The conclusion is that compound is the most frequent word formation of this sample. The arguments why the distribution looks this way could be that the semantic meaning of the Harry Potter words is important and that many of the neologisms are based on humour, mythology and folklore.

碩士
國立中正大學
語言學研究所
91
Abstract In this thesis I investigate the morphological structure of reduplication in Northern Paiwan, a Formosan language of Southern Taiwan. The main objective is to use Optimality Theory (OT), as first formulated by Prince and Smolensky (1993), to show that reduplication can be considered the same as affixation. This is in support of Marantz (1982). I do this by first classifying reduplication into two classes: prefixing (Ca reduplication or CaRED) and suffixing (root reduplication or RtRED). Factors determining these classes are phonological structure and semantics. Phonologically, RtRED is dimoraic and copies all of its segments from the stem. CaRED, on the other hand, is monomoraic with the vowel invariably surfacing as a. I find that the more prototypical and commonly used reduplication, RtRED, also has the more prototypical semantic functions of reduplication. CaRED, on the contrary, has more specialized meanings with a narrower distribution. Next, I show that reduplication and affixation follow the same constraints. Thus, suffixal reduplicants follow the same constraints as suffixes and prefixal reduplicants follow the same constraints as prefixes. In addition, suffixes and prefixes can also follow constraints previously restricted to the domain of reduplication. One of the conclusions that come forth from the analysis is that templates are needed to describe Paiwan root reduplication. This is in opposition to recent efforts by McCarthy (1997), Gafos (1998) and Spaelti (1999) to eliminate template constraints. My analysis also needs to consider the word-final coda to be extraprosodic. To do so, following Harris and Gussmann (1998), word final codas are reanalyzed as onsets. In this way, word-final codas will not violate No-Coda. In addition, I look at Max-BR and how it has no important role in analyses that require templates. I also choose to work in Spaelti's (1999) lexical-surface (LS) framework, as opposed to McCarthy and Prince's (1995a) input-base-reduplicant (IBR) framework. I motivate this by showing that the LS interface will solve all of the problems created by the IBR interface. With this analysis arises one complete OT grammar which can be used to analyze both reduplicants and affixes. In addition, included in the Appendix is a successful application of this grammar to Thao, another Formosan language. This analysis shows how the grammar can handle word-internal codas and consonant clusters, both of which are abundant in Thao and missing in Paiwan.

碩士
國立中正大學
語言學研究所
92
The present study investigates the processing of affixation and compounding in Chinese, as well as the effects of stimulus context during morphological processing. The distinction between affixes and roots has long been proposed to be problematic in Chinese, due to the lack of orthographic and phonological diagnostics. For example, 性 —xing, 度 —du, and 化 —hua are such controversial morphemes. This consequently leads to the controversy of identifying complex words ending with these morphemes. While various studies have been conducted to explore the processing of affixed words in Indo-European languages, studies investigating affixation processing is virtually nonexistent in Chinese, which motivates the current research. A relevant study by Andrews (1986), which investigated suffixed and compound word processing in English, showed that morpheme frequency effects were not revealed during suffixed word recognition unless they were presented together with compound words, whereas compound words were consistently found to produce such effects. Andrews ascribed this to the effects of stimulus context on suffixed word processing. Following the design of Andrews, we conducted a series of experiments with different paradigms. Experiment 1 was an investigation of visual priming on suffixed words, which revealed full priming effects. The same task was used in Experiment 2 to investigate compound priming, and partial priming effects were found. Experiment 3, with both suffixed and compound stimuli included, showed full priming effects for both types of words. Even though the overall findings from Experiments 1-3 turned out to be semantic rather than morphological effects, it was proposed that suffixed and compound words were distinguishable, at least in the semantic aspect. Experiments 4-6 were replications of Andrews, which used morpheme frequency as diagnostics for suffixed and compound processing. The overall results from Experiment 4-6 also replicated Andrews. To avoid any effects observed as due to visual overlap, Experiment 7 was conducted, using cross-modal priming, with auditory primes and visual targets. In this experiment, priming between two morphologically related suffixed words pointed toward the inhibitory direction, while priming between two morphologically related compound words was more of facilitation. Despite the fact that these effects did not reach significance, we still could observe the different patterns of processing regarding the two morphological types. Moreover, suffixed and compound words in this experiment were not found to be significantly primed by their constituents either, which was attributed to the activated homophones as competing candidates when auditory primes were heard. Overall, the present study suggested that suffixed and compound words in Chinese can be distinguished and are processed differently. In addition, nonlexical factor such as stimulus context also plays a role in morphological processing.

碩士
國立清華大學
語言學研究所
93
This thesis is aimed at describing the phonology of Mayrinax Atayal, one of Formosan languages, and moves a step forward to observe and analyze the phonology as well as its interaction with morphology within Optimality Theory (OT), set forth by Prince and Smolensky (1993) and McCarthy and Prince (1993b). Special reference of UM affixation, a genetic morpheme in Austronesian languages, will be given relating to OCP effect on labial. It is shown that /b, r, g/, unlike in other dialects, are allowed in coda position in Mayrinax, and that there are only three underlying vowels /i, u, a/ in the inventory with [e] and [o] being found in a restricted number of borrowings. No consonant cluster is found in this language, in which I use *COMPLEX to regulate it. Stress systematically falls on the ultimate syllable, and an iambic foot construction sensitive to weight is proposed in this thesis based on vowel harmony. Apart from the phonology of Mayrinax Atayal, I have gone a step forward to discuss the interface of morphology and phonology. Morphemes that occur in different places, which are formalized by morpheme-specific alignment constraints, interact with phonological constraints that require the prosodic well-formedness. Morpheme dislocation, coalescence, glide formation and resyllabification are found to repair the possible prosodic ill-formedness caused by morpheme concatenations. The order of the prefixes, representing focus and aspect, is also discussed as an argumentation of the privilege of OT, the approach I use in the thesis. Within all the morphemes, two VC prefixal infixes are picked out for further discussion. A phonetic measurement is carried out to show that the consonants in these two VC infixes are measured significantly longer than other identical consonants in the same place in intervocalic position. The interpretation of these longer consonants relates to the OCP effect on labial, which causes the deletion of the first syllable when infixing UM to stems with labial-initials. I have offered four possible interpretations of these longer consonants. These explanations all lead to the same conclusion that these two VC infixes, UM and -in-, must be parsed tautosyllabically. The OCP effect is thus proposed to hold in the same syllable in Mayrinax. The OCP effect is also found in other Austronesian languages with different repairs, including Feature changing (Paiwan), Null Parse (Tagalog), Metathesis (Chamorro) and Assimilated prefix (Toba Batak). Thus, this thesis has moved a step forward to incorporate some of those languages into our analysis. A typological analysis with the re-ranking of three families of constraints, OCP, ALIGN and MAX-MP, is proposed but with some gaps needed to be filled in or re-examined to see if the typology would over-predict or under-predict.

Пелешко М. О. Особливості перекладу французьких похідних слів на українську мову (на матеріалі словотворень з префіксами вищості, переваги, перебільшення) : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 035 "Філологія" / наук. керівник Є. В. Стуліна. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2020. 62 с.
UA : Дипломна робота – 3 розділи, 62 стор., 61 джерело. Об’єкт дослідження : префіксальні утворення з префіксами вищості, переваги, перебільшення у французькій мові. Мета роботи: виявлення утворень з префіксами вищості, переваги, перебільшення, що відрізняються великою продуктивністю в сучасній французькій мові, вивчення їх семантики і пошук вдалих прийомів їх перекладу на українську мову . Дослідження засноване на аналізі слів, представлених в тлумачних словниках, автентичній пресі та інтернет-виданнях 2010-2020 років. Теоретико-методологічні засади: роботи провідних вітчизняних і зарубіжних фахівців в області: когнітивної категоризації дійсності (Р. Джекендофф, А.В. Кравченко, Е.С. Кубрякова, І.П. Сусов). словотворення и семантики формантів (І.К. Архіпов, Г.О. Винокур, Е.С. Кубрякова, Г. Марчанд, О.Д. Мєшков, І.С. Улуханов, П.В. Царьов, Н.А. Янко-Триницька) . прототипіпчних значень (І.К. Архіпов, Дж. Лакофф, Е. Рош, Б.А. Серебренніков). Отримані результати: У французькій мові префіксація продовжує залишатися одним з активних способів словотвору, більш того, з'явився ряд нових префіксів, які використовуються у словотворчому процесі. Ми розглянули переклад префіксальних утворень з префіксами вищості, переваги, перебільшення у французькій мові. Виявили можливі варіанти перекладу цих префіксів на українську мову.
FR : L'objet de la recherche est des formations de préfixes avec des préfixes de supériorité, de préférences, d'exagération en français. Le but du travail est d'identifier des formations avec des préfixes de supériorité, d'avantages, d'exagérations, qui sont très productives en français moderne, d'étudier leur sémantique et de trouver des méthodes efficaces pour leur traduction en ukrainien. L'étude est basée sur l'analyse de mots présentés dans des dictionnaires, une presse authentique et des publications en ligne en 2010-2020 . Les principes théoriques et méthodologiques du travail sont les principaux experts nationaux et étrangers dans le domaine de: la catégorisation cognitive de la réalité (R. Dzhekendoff, AV Kravchenko, ES Kubryakova, IP Susov). formation de mots et sémantique des formants (IK Arkhipov, GO Vinokur, ES Kubryakova, G.Marchand, OD Meshkov, IS Ulukhanov, PV Tsarev, NA Yanko -Trynytska). valeurs prototypes (IK Arkhipov, J. Lakoff, E. Roche, BA Serebrennikov) . Résultats: En français, le préfixe continue d'être l'un des moyens actifs de formation des mots, de plus, un certain nombre de nouveaux préfixes sont utilisés dans le processus de formation des mots. Nous avons envisagé la traduction de formations de préfixes avec des préfixes de supériorité, supériorité, exagération en français. Des variantes possibles de traduction de ces préfixes en ukrainien ont été identifiées.

Балєва К. В. Лінгвальні особливості неологізмів англійської мови останнього десятиліття, пов’язаних з фізкультурою та спортом, та їх переклад українською мовою : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 035 «Філологія» / наук. керівник С. П. Запольських. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 56 с.
EN : The thesis deals with the issues of vocabulary innovations of the last decade related to physical culture and sports and their translation from English into Ukrainian. The objective of the research is to analyze lingual peculiarities of English neologisms of the last decade related to physical culture and sports and to decide on the ways and means of the translation of the neologisms from English into Ukrainian. The most numerous group of innovations of the last decade is represented by lexemes and phraseological units that nominate various new sports, tourism, physical culture, fitness. Among them should be noted: new types of tourism and agents: apitourism (tourism, whose participants observe the life of bees and related phenomena), astrotourism (travel to places where you can observe the unobstructed starry sky or outer space), champing (church + camping) (a kind of tourism when its participants spend the night in an abandoned church), entropy tourist (a person who likes to travel to places of decline, abandoned places), philantourism (a holiday trip to those places that still need the support of the tourism industry), tombstone tourist (a person who for fun visits cemeteries to view monuments on the graves of famous people), wild cycling (cycling tourism, which is a study of rural, especially "wild" areas), flashpacking (a kind of hiking, in which the participant has in his backpack all the necessary things, including modern electronic devices). The second most numerous group is represented by new sports, including extreme sports, and their participants: canicross (canine + cross country) (a sport in which a cross-country runner has a dog on a leash in front of special harness), slopestyle (a new winter sport, the athlete performs various tricks, jumping high on a snowboard), droneboarding (a sport when a person standing on a special board (snowboard), quickly moves on the snow surface due to an unmanned aerial vehicle ( drone) to which it is tied), flyboarding (sport that involves "hanging" the athlete in the air over the water on a special board), volcano boarding (extreme sports in the form of movement on the slopes of the volcano on a special board). Various types and methods of physical exercises and fitness are becoming more and more popular in English-speaking countries. This can be applied primarily to the latest fashion types and forms of "yoga": acro-yoga (a type of exercise that combines acrobatics with yoga), Air Yoga (a form of yoga in which a person suspended on a rope, takes different poses), Broga (a variant of physical exercises on the system of "yoga" for men ", goat yoga (exercises on the system of "yoga", which are practiced in the presence of goats), etc. There are examples of innovations that denote special types of physical activity, especially when exercises alternate with the rest: HIIS (abbreviation of the phrase highintensity interval skipping) (physical exercises in which short periods of intense jumps alternate with short periods of rest), fitness snacking (multiple short-term intense physical exercises for one day), napercise (nap + exercise) (a lesson consisting of physical exercises with short periods of sleep), Tabata (a type of exercise where short periods of intense exercise alternate with short periods of rest). Considering lexical-semantic system of English language, it should be noted that new models and elements appear in lexical and semantic paradigms in the framework of the most significant phenomena. To identify the most common ways of forming innovations in sports vocabulary, we studied and analysed theoretical approaches in this field, wrote out sports terminology from paper and e-sources: newspapers and journals, sports programs, radio and television news. As a result, a vocabulary was accumulated (675 units), in accordance with which certain conclusions were made on the ways of the new vocabulary coinage. The main ways of forming new words related to physical culture and sports are as follows: telescopy or stem blending (champing, streetball, cat-leap, underbar), suffixation with the most productive suffix –ing (zorbing, gliding, potholing, trampolining, roofing),–er (carder, roofer, zorber). The results of the study made it possible to systematize and classify the methods of word formation according to the frequency of their use. It turned out that the most productive is telescopy, accounting for 71%, then follows affixation with almost 20% frequency, then goes change of semantic meaning or filling the old word with a new meaning (cereal box -substandard head protection, particularly a poor quality hockey helmet). The research allows us to conclude that the most common way of translating the vocabulary innovations of the last decade related to physical culture and sports from English into Ukrainian is transcoding (canicross – канікрос, streetball – стритбол, heliyoga- гелі-йога); loan translation (with transposition) and descriptive translation (goat yoga – йога в присутності кіз, immersive yoga – йога занурення). Though the type of translation frequently depends not only on the innovation itself, but it’s popularity, context and the target audience.
UA : Дипломна робота − 56 стор., 71 джерело. Об’єкт дослідження: процеси змін словникового складу англійської мови останнього десятиліття. Мета роботи: дослідити лінгвальні особливості англомовної лексики та фразеології останнього десятиліття, пов’язаної з фізкультурою та спортом і способи і засоби перекладу на українську мову. Теоретико-методологічні засади: ключові положення, які стосуються поняття неологізм, розроблені В. Виноградовим, Ш. Баллі, В. Девкіним; дослідження нової англомовної лексики і фразеології останнього десятиліття Ю. Зацного; принципи теорії перекладу, розроблені В. Карабаном, І. Корунцем, Т. Левицкою, Р. Фитерман, Т. Кияком, К. Райс та ін.). Отримані результати: Серед новотворів виділено групи: 1) які співвідносяться із різними новими видами спорту, туризму, з фізичною культурою та фітнесом. Серед способів утворення домінує телескопія. Найпродуктивнішою моделлю композиції є синтаксична модель утворення бінарних одиниць за схемою N + N. Єдиного розв’язання проблеми перекладу нової лексики і фразеології не існує, перекладач з’ясовує значення слова, спираючись на структурно-семантичні ознаки неологізму, контекст, реферативну літературу і власні фонові знання, а потім створює відповідники. Здебільшого перекладач орієнтується на занижені фонові знання цільової аудиторії і комбінує прямі способи трансляції (транскодування, калькування) з описовим перекладом.

Нагула І. П. Способи творення неологізмів сфери «Культура» у російській та англійській мовах : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 035 «Філологія» / наук. керівник В. В. Горлач. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ, 2021. 77 с.
UA : Основний текст кваліфікаційної роботи магістра «Способи творення неологізмів сфери «Культура» у російській та англійській мовах» містить 53 сторінки. Для виконання роботи опрацьовано 54 джерела. Об’єкт дослідження – неологізми сфери «Культура» в російській та англійській мовах на прикладі лексики музики, кіно та ЗМІ. Мета роботи – виялення закономірностей словотворення неологізмів сфери «Культура». У процесі дослідження виконано такі завдання: 1) розглянуто теоретичні підходи до розуміння дефініції поняття «неологізм»; 2) проаналізувати дериваційні особливості неологізмів сфери «Культура»; 3) розглянути морфологічні та неморфологічні способи утворення неологізмів, що характеризуються продуктивністю в сучасних російській та англійській мовах; 4) провести порівняльний аналіз основних способів творення неологізмів сфери «Культура» в аналізованих мовах. Матеріалом дослідження стали неологізми, які функціонують в Інтернеті, сучасних ЗМІ, волонтерських словниках, монографіях і статтях, присвячених досліджуваній проблемі. Методи дослідження ‒ метод суцільної вибірки мовного матеріалу, метод лінгвістичного опису, метод структурно-семантичного аналізу, метод компаративного аналізу. Матеріали дослідження можуть бути використані як ілюстративний матеріал під час вивчення певних тем з російської та англійської мов, при написанні відповідних курсових та кваліфікаційних робіт, у дослідженнях з порівняльної лінгвістики, а також для перекладів. Наукові результати магістерської роботи представлені в публікації: Нагула І. П. Неологізми сфери «культура» в лексичній системі російської мови (на прикладі музичної лексики). Sciences of Europe. 2021. № 84.
EN : The main text of the master's qualification work " Methods for Neologism Formation in Culture Sphere in Russian and English" contains 53 pages. To carry out the work, 54 sources were studied. The object of the research is the neologisms of the "Culture" sphere in Russian and English on the example of the vocabulary of music, cinema and the media. The purpose of the research is to identify the patterns of word formation of neologisms in the sphere of "Culture". In the course of the study, it is planned to solve the following tasks: 1) consider theoretical approaches to understanding the definition of the concept of "neologism"; 2) to analyze the derivational features of neologisms in the "Culture" sphere; 3) consider the morphological and non-morphological ways of forming neologisms, characterized by performance in modern Russian and English; 4) to carry out a comparative analysis of the main ways of creating neologisms of the "Culture" sphere in the languages under consideration. The sources of the research were neologisms that function on the Internet, modern media, volunteer dictionaries, monographs and articles devoted to the problem being analyzed. Research methods - the method of continuous sampling of speech material, the method of linguistic description, the method of structural and semantic analysis, the method of comparative analysis. Practical significance - the materials of the work can be used as illustrative material in the study of certain topics in the Russian and English languages, when writing the corresponding term papers and qualification papers, in comparative linguistics studies, as well as for translations. Approbation of the work - the results of the study were presented by the publication in the journal Sciences of Europe № 84 in the article "Neologisms of the sphere of" culture "in the lexical system of Russian language (in the application of musical vocabulary)".

The dissertation examines mainly segmental assimilatory processes of Xhosa phonology within the dependency framework. This model is a multi-faceted approach which involves hierarchical organisation of features into larger constituents known as gestures. The analysis includes an elementary historical background to the development of phonological theory with emphasis on the shift from traditional linear approaches to modern non-linear models, as well as a shift from derivational theories to representational frameworks. An exploration of the phonetics/phonology interface through the application of gestures is considered an advantage of using the dependency framework over other theories of phonology. The focus of the dissertation is the description of phonetically-motivated and morphologically-motivated Xhosa phonological processes. A brief exposition of the use of the dependency framework in non-assimilatory Xhosa phonological processes is given as a possible recommendation in the conclusion of the dissertation.
Language Education, Arts and Culture
M.A. (African Languages)