Journal articles on the topic 'Affirmative Critique'
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1
Sonderegger, Ruth. "Critical Wishes and Affirmative Critique." International Journal of Philosophical Studies 16, no. 4 (September 20, 2008): 595–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672550802367567.
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Gaon, Stella. "Il la faut (la logique), Yes, yes: Deconstruction's Critical Force." Derrida Today 11, no. 2 (November 2018): 196–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drt.2018.0186.
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Jacques Derrida regularly appeals to an affirmative gesture that is ‘prior’ to or more ‘originary’ than the form of the question, and this suggests one way to understand deconstruction's critical force. The ‘Yes, yes’, he says, situates a ‘vigil or beyond of the question’ with respect to an ‘irreducible responsibility’. Some Derrida scholars therefore construe the double affirmation as a source or ground of critique. In this paper, I refute this suggestion. While an originary ‘Yes, yes’ or ‘come’ (viens) does open the fields of (for example) ‘inheritance’, language, or ‘holistic webs’, I argue, it only marks (will have marked) the processes of différance or of trace that make signification possible in general. No thing, as such, is thereby affirmed. This is why the originary affirmation cannot be said to constitute, in itself, the imperative (il la faut) of the logic (la logique) of ethical-political critique. To explain why a certain ethical imperative can be associated with deconstruction, one must determine why one is always already subject to a vigil that opens critique to its own possibility. One must also determine how the affirmative gesture relates to deconstruction's critical force.
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Massumi, Brian. "Becoming Architectural: Affirmative Critique, Creative Incompletion." Architectural Design 83, no. 1 (January 2013): 50–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ad.1524.
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Karahan Balya, Gülizar. "Affirming the Pandemic or Aversion to Life? A Nietzschean Assessment." Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi / Cilicia Journal of Philosophy 9, no. 1 (2022): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/kilikya2022917.
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This paper is a reflection on the impacts of the Coronavirus pandemic on social life and draws on Nietzsche’s views on pessimism, will to power and affirmation. The question that lies at its centre is what it means to experience the pandemic with an affirmative or a life-negating attitude. It aims to open up a space for discussion for how the pandemic actually is or can possibly be experienced affirmatively. In order to do so, first of all it provides an outline of Nietzsche’s analysis of the ancient Greek culture and the Greek myth of the wisdom of Silenus and secondly Nietzsche’s critique of the ascetic ideal. Lastly, putting the two topics side by side, it explores reactions towards the current pandemic on a scale of economy ranging from preservation to enhancement.
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Bargetz, Brigitte, and Sandrine Sanos. "Feminist matters, critique and the future of the political." Feminist Theory 21, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 501–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700120967311.
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Over the last decades, many scholars, feminist and others, have argued that critique must be reframed in different and more ‘productive’ ways because its ‘conventional’ formulation and practice have outlived its usefulness as a conceptual tool. Instead, they have called for affirmation or affirmative critique and a more generative mode of critical engagement in the search for new imaginaries, transformative potentialities and other futures. New feminist materialist thought’s emergence is, we argue, symptomatic of this contemporary intellectual landscape that claims to move beyond critique. While sympathetic with the desire to rethink a form of critique that speaks to the (urgent) politics of the present and the remaking of political imaginaries, we argue that the theoretical gesture to move beyond critique may offer a potentially troubling remapping organised around certain kinds of repression (of the undetermined and ambivalent work of critique) and amnesia (of feminist genealogies and over different feminist projects’ conceptualisation of matter) that yield a politics without politics.
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Andersen, Camilla Eline. "Affirmative Critique as Minor Qualitative Critical Inquiry." International Review of Qualitative Research 10, no. 4 (February 1, 2017): 430–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2017.10.4.430.
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This article considers what to do with a political questioning of how to perform qualitative research when engaging with stuck bodily happenings. It does so inspired by philosophical-theoretical-methodological flows in the field of qualitative research where working against colonial ways of knowing and justice-oriented knowledge creation is of importance. The article's storying evolves from a reality- and philosophy-driven curiosity of race in relation to professionalism in early childhood education in a Nordic landscape. As a way of thinking through how to perform critical qualitative inquiry when positioned in a monist materialist thinking and within a philosophy of desire (Deleuze & Guattari, 1983, 1987), it explores Braidotti's (2011, 2013) “affirmative critique” as a way of working creatively with resistance.
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Trivedi, Chitvan. "Book Review: Pascal Dey and Chris Steyaert (Eds.), Social Entrepreneurship: An Affirmative Critique." Journal of Entrepreneurship 28, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 192–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0971355718810280.
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Smith, Rogers M. "Response to Karen Orren." Journal of Policy History 8, no. 4 (October 1996): 479–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898030600005431.
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Karen Orren's critique wages more war with itself than it does with my main arguments and evidence, most of which she does not engage directly. The bulk of my essay was devoted to textual critiques of Tocqueville, Myrdal, Hartz, and a number of more recent authors. I argued that their assumptions that liberal democratic traditions formed the core of American political culture led to inadequate accounts of major systems of ascriptive hierarchy, especially racist, nativist, and patriarchal ones. Orren mentions none of the authors I critiqued except Carol Pateman, whom she invokes in a paragraph ending, like a third of her paragraphs in her first two sections, with a rhetorical question about my view, not a forthright contrary proposition. Her failure to address my specific critiques, and her recurring reliance on questions to do the work of affirmative arguments, make it unclear precisely how far she is defending the authors, challenging the criticisms, and disputing the evidence to which my essay was largely devoted.
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Irr, Caren. "Ideology Critique 2.0." South Atlantic Quarterly 119, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-8663615.
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This essay differentiates the project of ideology critique proper from its less ambitious relative, propaganda labeling. It then proceeds to identify four tasks whose undertaking is necessary in order to update and refresh the project of ideology critique. These four tasks include: 1) distinguishing between ideology and propaganda; 2) understanding ideology in relation to current conditions—especially the abundance and novelty of affect, the shrinkage and acceleration of the ideologeme, and the global circuitry of intellectual exchange; 3) emphasizing the affirmative aspects of critique; and 4) situating ideology in relation to the dynamism of matter—that is to say, capital. Tackling these tasks brings ideology critique into a new phase and confirms its contributions to a collective project of emancipation and survival.
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Hjorth, Daniel. "Critique nouvelle – an essay on affirmative-performative entrepreneurship research." Revue de l’Entrepreneuriat 16, no. 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/entre.161.0047.
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Van Der Tuin, Iris. "“A Different Starting Point, a Different Metaphysics”: Reading Bergson and Barad Diffractively." Hypatia 26, no. 1 (2011): 22–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01114.x.
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This article provides an affirmative feminist reading of the philosophy of Henri Bergson by reading it through the work of Karen Barad. Adopting such a diffractive reading strategy enables feminist philosophy to move beyond discarding Bergson for his apparent phallocentrism. Feminist philosophy finds itself double bound when it critiques a philosophy for being phallocentric, because the setup of a master narrative comes into being with the critique. By negating a gender-blind or sexist philosophy, feminist philosophy only reaffirms its parameters, and setting up a master narrative costs feminist philosophy its feminism. I thus propose and practice a different methodological starting point, one that capitalizes on “diffraction.” This article experiments with the affirmative phase in feminist philosophy prophesied by Elizabeth Grosz, among others. Working along the lines of the diffractive method, the article at the same time proposes a new reading of Bergson (as well as of Barad), a new, different metaphysics indeed, which can be specified as onto-epistemological or “new materialist.”
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Cody, Adam. "The Porous Polis: A Critique of Democracy in Old Comedy." Rhetorica 39, no. 1 (2021): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rh.2021.39.1.9.
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It is a sustained concern for Aristophanes studies to assess the political commitments expressed in the comedic poet’s dramatic corpus. Though generally synoptic in describing his critique of democracy, political interpretations of Aristophanes’s plays diverge in justifying that critique as affirmative of democratic principles. This essay argues for considering the Aristophanic critique as external to democratic principles, on account of its assertion of the demos’s basic incapacity for legitimate and effective rule. The essay concludes by identifying where engagement with the Aristophanic critique of democracy may clarify and challenge theories of artful discourse and political community supported by public and counterpublic studies.
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Schwartzman, Lisa H. "Defining Rape." Social Philosophy Today 35 (2019): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/socphiltoday201981264.
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Legal definitions of rape traditionally required proof of both force and nonconsent. Acknowledging the difficulty of demonstrating the conjunction of force and nonconsent, many feminists argue that rape should be defined based on one element or the other. Instead of debating which of these two best defines the crime of rape, I argue that this framework is problematic, and that both force and nonconsent must be situated in a critique of social power structures. Catharine MacKinnon provides such a critique, and she reframes rape as a matter of gender inequality. However, rather than rejecting the force/nonconsent dichotomy, MacKinnon focuses exclusively on force, which she thinks can be reconceived to include inequalities. Considering the #MeToo movement and feminist efforts to use Title IX to address campus rape, I argue that the concept of consent is more flexible than MacKinnon suggests and that “affirmative consent” can challenge this liberal model. In requiring active communication, affirmative consent shifts responsibility for rape, opens space for women’s sexual agency, and allows for the transformation of rape culture. Thus, I argue that rape should be defined by the use of force, the lack of affirmative consent, or the presence of both elements.
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Ruez, Derek, and Daniel Cockayne. "Feeling otherwise: Ambivalent affects and the politics of critique in geography." Dialogues in Human Geography 11, no. 1 (March 2021): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820621995617.
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Scholars across the social sciences and humanities have increasingly questioned the meaning and purpose of critique. Contributing to those conversations, some geographers have advocated for affirmative or reparative practices such as reading for difference or experimentation that seek to provoke more joyful, hopeful, or enchanting affects, as alternatives to what they perceive as a prevailing forms of ‘negative’ critique. In response, others have re-emphasized the centrality of negativity and revalued negative affects in the context of regimes of racialization, heteronormativity, and coloniality. Rather than taking sides in a debate thus framed, this article develops an ambivalent position that foregrounds multiple senses of difference that exist within affirmative and reparative projects. Drawing on feminist and queer geographic work, the explicitly political and difference-oriented writing of Sedgwick and Deleuze, and queer and postcolonial affect scholars, we argue for critique characterized by an ambivalent and pluralistic attitude toward feeling. Joining those arguing for a pluralization of the moods and modes of critical work, our readings suggest the necessity of a pluralism that refuses any escape from the ‘negativity’ of the social field in favor of an affectively ambivalent engagement with the inherent politics of critique in a plural and uneven world.
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Perkins, Joanna. "Beyond Intellectual Slut Shaming: Traversing Cartesian Dualism, Shame, and Self-Blame in the Neoliberalized Post-Structuralist Critical Classroom." Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 17, no. 3 (October 12, 2016): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708616672672.
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In this article, I conceptualize what I am calling “intellectual slut shaming” and illustrate how such an experience is a naturalized part of neoliberal subjectivity and knowledge production in academia. I will review how Cartesian and neoliberal subjects share several parallel structures, including mind–body dualism, and show how mind–body dualism is connected to the neoliberal experience of intellectual slut shaming. I then turn to one of Descartes’ critical contemporaries, Spinoza, for a powerful critique and expansion of the Cartesian subject. I explore Spinoza’s method of affirmation and how this might be used to ease intellectual slut shaming in the neoliberalist context. To engage in such an affirmative method, I turn to my own autoethnographic accounts in the neoliberal university classroom.
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Otterstad, Ann Merete. "What Might a Feminist Relational New Materialist and Affirmative Critique Generate in/With Early Childhood Research?" Qualitative Inquiry 25, no. 7 (November 15, 2018): 641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800418800760.
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Feminist new material theories and affirmative critique is the returning point in this article. In early childhood education and research, critique and critical perspectives are given an important emphasis and might be taken for granted. Critic, criticism, critical perspectives, negation, opposite tactics, interpretation, explanation, reflection, and judgments have in education, according to Bunz, Kaiser, and Thiele, continued as analytical “tools” since Kant. Searching for complicity and rhizomatic entanglements with/in pedagogical and philosophical thinking practice might open for critical distinctions beyond subject/object, mind/body, knower/known, theory/practice, and nature/culture beyond Kant. The complicity and coemergence of any knowledge or critical assessment with what is known and with whoever knows is always already of perspectival, situated, and entangling nature. The interest of this article is complex and multifaceted. I want to elaborate on the politics of critique as well as experiment with matters of methodology. To critically address critique, I use seven previously copublished articles1as data material. Being affectively attracted to intra-actions of what all matter offers—ways of looking and cutting together-apart—I wonder what an articleassemblage might generate inventively and relationally, also as critique. Resisting an idea of (re)presenting a summary of the articles, my wish is in line with feminist materialist diffractionists (Barad, Haraway)—experimenting with what the concept symbiogenesis might offer together with critical affirmative thinking. Sympoiesis is making-with, and according to Haraway—nothing is making itself, which invites to think of evolution as coevolution opening for intra-entangling and becoming-with potentiality and change.
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Bulman-Pozen, Jessica. "Grutter at Work: A Title VII Critique of Constitutional Affirmative Action." Yale Law Journal 115, no. 6 (April 1, 2006): 1408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20455657.
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Rehman, Rashad. "Josef Pieper on Medieval Truth and Martin Heidegger’s Wahrheitsbegriff." Conatus 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.25177.
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Josef Pieper’s critique of Martin Heidegger’s Wahrheitsbegriff (concept of truth) has been virtually ignored in both Pieper and Heidegger scholarship; however, Pieper’s critique of Heidegger is both lethal and affirmative. On the one hand, Pieper makes a strong case against Heidegger’s Wahrheitsbegriff in “Vom Wesen der Wahrheit” and yet on the other he affirms his thesis that “the essence of truth is freedom.” This paper attempts to mend this gap in the literature by first presenting Heidegger’s “Vom Wesen der Wahrheit,” the essay in which Heidegger explicates his concept of truth. Second, I exegete the critique of Josef Pieper found in his “Heideggers Wahrheitsbegriff.” Third, I conclude the paper by contextualizing Pieper’s critique within Pieper’s Werke, and make a note of the philosophical insights derivative from Pieper’s less than simple relationship to Heidegger.
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Kim, Min Seong. "To Believe in Historical Progress: On Axel Honneth’s Normative Grounding of Critique." Jurnal Filsafat 32, no. 1 (June 9, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jf.73668.
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One of the most ambitious contributions Axel Honneth has made to critical theory consists in his attempt to ground the normativity of critique beyond communicative reason—the normative ground of critique that had been proposed by Honneth’s predecessor at the Institut für Sozialforschung, Jürgen Habermas. Defending an affirmative stance toward historical progress is critical to Honneth’s project, which attempts to pursue the aspiration of the Frankfurt School to practice a robust form of immanent critique: for preserving the idea of progress allows Honneth to derive the validity of the underlying normative presuppositions of the existing social order, thereby securing the normative grounds of critique without relying on transcendent or transhistorical principles. Through a consideration of an aspect of the relation between universality and particularity that remains undertheorized in Honneth’s account, this essay attempts to question the success of his strategy for grounding the normativity of critique.
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Raffnsøe, Sverre. "What is Critique? Critical Turns in the Age of Criticism." Outlines. Critical Practice Studies 18, no. 1 (April 20, 2017): 28–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v18i1.26261.
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Since the Enlightenment, critique has played an overarching role in how Western society understands itself and its basic institutions. However, opinions differ widely concerning the understanding and evaluation of critique. To understand such differences and clarify a viable understanding of critique, the article turns to Kant’s critical philosophy, inaugurating the “age of criticism”. While generalizing and making critique unavoidable, Kant coins an unambiguously positive understanding of critique as an affirmative, immanent activity. Not only does this positive conception prevail in the critique of pure and practical reason and the critique of judgment; these modalities of critique set the agenda for three major strands of critique in contemporary thought, culminating in among others Husserl, Popper, Habermas, Honneth, and Foucault. Critique affirms and challenges cognition and its rationality, formulates ethical ideals that regulate social interaction, and further articulates normative guidelines underway in the ongoing experimentations of a post-natural history of human nature.In contradistinction to esoteric Platonic theory, philosophy at the threshold of modernity becomes closely linked to an outward-looking critique that examines and pictures what human forms of life are in the process of making of themselves and challenges them, by reflecting upon what they can and what they should make of themselves. As a very widely diffused practice, however, critique may also become a self-affirming overarching end in itself.
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Sajed, Alina. "Re-remembering Third Worldism: An Affirmative Critique of National Liberation in Algeria." Middle East Critique 28, no. 3 (July 3, 2019): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19436149.2019.1633056.
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Pretorius, Jl. "Fairness in Transformation: A Critique of the Constitutional Court’s Affirmative Action Jurisprudence." South African Journal on Human Rights 26, no. 3 (January 2010): 536–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2010.11864999.
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Zeigler, James. "Introduction." Genre 54, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00166928-8911472.
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This introduction to the first of two special issues on “Big, Ambitious Novels by Twenty-First-Century Women” describes the investigation of feminist literary maximalism. A summary and critical response to James Wood's influential negative review of Zadie Smith's White Teeth, the introduction objects to his designation “hysterical realism” to characterize Smith's and other writer's publishing novels in the genre that literary scholarship has called encyclopedic, systems, maximalist, mega, and novels of information. The current debate in literary studies over the methods of postcritique and critique is referenced in order to recommend the issue's articles as models of an intermediate approach: generous reading. Described as an affirmative mode of interpretation that matches the tenor of postcritique, generous reading retains the central importance of critique by attending to the ways in which texts enact critique through the resources of literary form. Generous reading interprets novels as critique. The final section presents summaries of each article's argument about exemplary big, ambitious novels.
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Rebughini, Paola. "Critical agency and the future of critique." Current Sociology 66, no. 1 (April 18, 2017): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392117702427.
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The aim of this article is to offer a cartography of the current debate on critical agency, starting from the inner ambivalences of the modern notion of critique as resistant negation and affirmative creation of new practices. First, the article discusses the double-faced nature of critique and its interpretations in the European tradition of critical thought. It then engages in reflection on some alternative pathways to conceptualizing critical agency developed by American pragmatism, as well as by anti-Eurocentric and anti-anthropocentric theoretical approaches. The aim of this investigation is to understand the premises for developing critical agency in contemporary historical conditions, and to shed light on the characteristics of critical agency at a time when critique can no longer be solely an unmasking tool, while we have not abandoned the aspiration to link the contingency of situated critical agencies with an image of the future.
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Andreasen, Torsten, and James Day. "Plaidoyer for den destruktive karakter." K&K - Kultur og Klasse 44, no. 122 (December 31, 2016): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/kok.v44i122.25058.
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‘For too long the accent was placed on creativity’ says Benjamin in his essay on Karl Krauss, written at the beginning of the thirties. In this ‘plaidoyer’ we argue for a destructive critical practice precipitated by the current crisis faced by critique. Following a bare-bones account in which this crisis is traced back to the 1930s, we turn to Benjamin’s destructive character (most obviously present in his 1931 article of the same name, but to be encountered throughout his writing) to plead for a deeply negative form of critique. After the uncoupling of critique from the revolutionary organizations of the 1930s, the negativity of critical writing was subsequently lost and predominantly affirmative, post-critical positions carried the day after the defeats of 1968. This has resulted in a divorce between critical writing and possible material change, which has greatly narrowed the critical horizon, by and large anchored within the university. Rather than seeking to find new institutional supports for critique or any kind of critical apparatus, Benjamin’s destructive character points towards the clearing away of the status quo.
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Giraud, Eva. "Veganism as Affirmative Biopolitics: Moving Towards a Posthumanist Ethics?" PhaenEx 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2013): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v8i2.4087.
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This article addresses tensions within the emerging field of animal studies, which have arisen in the process of trying to craft an ethics that is not grounded in humanist rights-frameworks, by--firstly--mapping how these debates are manifested and--secondly--positing Cary Wolfe’s concept of "affirmative biopolitics" as means of overcoming these conceptual rifts. Building on work that attributes these tensions to the influence of posthumanism (Weisberg; Pedersen; Giraud), it argues that the embrace of posthumanist thought has marginalised critique by (misleadingly) framing perspectives such as ecofeminism and critical animal studies as irredeemably humanist (thus of no use in forging a non-anthropocentric ethics). To counter this marginalisation, Wolfe’s recent work on biopolitics is used to create a much-needed conversation between these perspectives. Debates surrounding veganism provide a route into instigating this dialogue, due to it being a contested practice that crystallises the differences between "mainstream" and critical animal studies. This framing of veganism not as a totalising practice but as a form of "affirmative biopolitics," however, is not solely intended to highlight affinities between apparently antagonistic perspectives, but offered as a contribution to broader debates about how a "posthumanist ethics" could be enacted in practice.
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Prozorov, Sergei. "Living à la mode." Philosophy & Social Criticism 43, no. 2 (August 20, 2016): 144–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453716662500.
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The publication of The Use of Bodies, the final volume in Giorgio Agamben’s Homo Sacer series, makes it possible to take stock of Agamben’s project as a whole. Having started with a powerful critique of the biopolitical sovereignty as the essence of modern politics, Agamben concludes his project with an affirmative vision of inoperative politics of form-of-life, in which life is not negated or sacrificed to the privileged form it must attain, but rather remains inseparable from the form that does nothing but express it. The article begins by reconstituting the non-relational logic that Agamben develops in order to render inoperative the existing apparatuses of ontology, ethics and politics. We then address the dimension of lifestyle as a new key domain of Agamben’s work, in which biopolitics may be recast in an affirmative key of form-of-life. While Agamben is better known for sceptical and scornful statements about contemporary liberal democracies, we shall argue that his affirmative biopolitics, characterized by destituent power, resonates with Claude Lefort’s understanding of democracy as structured around the ontological void and epistemic indeterminacy. In the conclusion we question the viability of this biopolitical democracy, focusing on Agamben’s example of the Nocturnal Council in Plato’s Laws.
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III, Charles R. Lawrence. "Two Views of the River: A Critique of the Liberal Defense of Affirmative Action." Columbia Law Review 101, no. 4 (May 2001): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1123688.
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Pullen, Alison, Carl Rhodes, and Torkild Thanem. "Affective politics in gendered organizations: Affirmative notes on becoming-woman." Organization 24, no. 1 (January 2017): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1350508416668367.
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Current approaches to the study of affective relations are over-determined in a way that ignores their radicality, yet abstracted to such an extent that the corporeality and differentially lived experience of power and resistance is neglected. To radicalize the potential of everyday affects, this article calls for an intensification of corporeality in affect research. We do this by exploring the affective trajectory of ‘becoming-woman’ introduced by Deleuze and Guattari. Becoming-woman is a process of gendered deterritorialization and a specific variation on becoming-minoritarian. Rather than a reference to empirical women, becoming-woman is a necessary force of critique against the phallogocentric powers that shape and constrain working lives in gendered organizations. While extant research on gendered organizations tends to focus on the overwhelming power of oppressive gender structures, engaging with becoming-woman releases affective flows and possibilities that contest and transgress the increasingly subtle and confusing ways in which gendered organization affects people at work. Through becoming-woman, an affective and affirmative politics capable of resisting the effects of gendered organization becomes possible. This serves to further challenge gendered oppression in organizations and to affirm a life beyond the harsh limits that gender can impose.
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Briones, Jocelyn, and Daniel Leyton. "Excepcionalidad meritocrática y política de acción afirmativa en la educación superior en Chile." education policy analysis archives 28 (September 14, 2020): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.28.5262.
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Based on Foucauldian notions such as discourse, regime of subjectification, and governmentality, the article analyzes one of the dominant discourses constituting the affirmative action policy in higher education in Chile. Our analysis is based principally on main documents associated to the discursive formation of the Support and Effective Access into Higher Education Program (PACE by its acronyms in Spanish), the main affirmative action program in that country. We argue that this program deploys a meritocratic exceptionality subjectification regime that governs inclusion and right to HE through a discursive chain that articulates notions of selectivity, excellence, quality, talent, sacrifice, responsibilization and critique against the dominant admission policy. This articulation is inscribed and mobilized in the discourses about working-class students, their families and schools, and the university. This makes possible, on the one hand, the legitimacy of the program as well as of their students as new constituencies with the right to HE, and on the other hand, the strategic foreclosure and invisibilisation of the structures of inequality that sustain the majority of working-class students and their knowledges excluded from HE.
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Welsh, Talia. "The Affirmative Culture of Healthy Self-Care: A Feminist Critique of the Good Health Imperative." IJFAB: International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics 13, no. 1 (March 2020): 27–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijfab.13.1.02.
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DUNN, CHRISTOPHER. "Tom Zé and the performance of citizenship in Brazil." Popular Music 28, no. 2 (May 2009): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143009001792.
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AbstractThis paper examines the recent historical trajectory of the idea of citizenship in Brazil through the perspective of Tom Zé, a composer and musician noted for his juxtaposition of avant-garde poetics and popular music. My study begins with his participation in the watershed Tropicália movement of the 1960s, focusing on his critique of consumer society and its implications for popular citizenship. In the early 1970s, the figure of the bourgeois citizen, or senhor cidadão, appears in his work as a caustic critique of those who benefited most from the expansion of capitalism during the period of authoritarian rule. With the re-emergence of civil society and redemocratisation in the 1980s, Tom Zé's work reveals a more affirmative notion of citizenship premised on the discourse of self-represenation among working-class subjects. Finally, this paper discusses Tom Zé's most recent work and its contribution to insurgent forms of citizenship in contemporary Brazil involving historically marginalised and impoverished urban communities within the context of neo-liberal globalisation.
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Murphy, P. J. "Reincarnations of Joyce in Beckett's Fiction." Samuel Beckett Today / Aujourd'hui 22, no. 1 (October 1, 2010): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757405-022001005.
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We cannot answer the Joyce question in Beckett studies until we proceed beyond the stereotypical assumptions of the two dominant approaches: namely, the resistance to Joyce school and the poststructuralist identification with Joyce school. Instead, this essay will argue for a third approach in which Beckett's life-long engagement with Joyce is shown to be much more complex, collaborative and complementary in many ways, as well as contestatory in nature. A close examination of three portraits of Joyce in Beckett's fiction will support these contentions and lead us towards a revisionist critique in which there is an enhanced appreciation of some of the more affirmative dimensions of Beckett's work.
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Shneiderman, Sara. "Developing a culture of marginality." Focaal 2013, no. 65 (March 1, 2013): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2013.650105.
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This article examines the complex relationships between marginalized communities, the state, and nonstate actors such as development agencies and social scientists in crafting the classificatory regimes that undergird affirmative action policies. Focusing on the current dynamics of “ethnic restructuring“ amid the broader political process of postconflict “state restructuring“ in Nepal, I suggest that international actors often unwittingly encourage the hardening of ethnic boundaries through development projects that target “marginalized“ populations defined in cultural terms. However, such interventions can also yield unexpected transformations in agentive ethnic consciousness. This ethnographic exploration of current classificatory processes in non-postcolonial Nepal provides an important counterpoint to material from the Indian context, where histories of colonial classification have debatably influenced contemporary categories-and their critique-to a significant extent.
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Sylvia IV, J. J. "Posthuman Media Studies." Journal of Posthumanism 1, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 139–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/jp.v1i2.1360.
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In connection with emerging scholarship in the digital humanities, media genealogy, and informational ontology, this paper begins the process of articulating a posthuman approach to media studies. Specifically, this project sheds new light on how posthuman ethics, ontology, and epistemology can be applied in order to develop new methodologies for media studies. Each of these approaches builds upon the foundation of an informational ontology, which avoids the necessity for pre-existing subjects that transmit messages to one another within a cybernetic paradigm. Instead, a posthuman paradigm explores methods that include counter-actualization, modulation, and counter-memory. Posthuman media studies emphasizes the need for experimentation in developing new processes of subjectivation and embraces an affirmative posthuman nomadic ethical subjectivity, linking true critique to true creation.
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Aistrup, Joseph A. "Rejoinder." American Review of Politics 16 (April 1, 1995): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/issn.2374-7781.1995.16.0.49-58.
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The commentary of our colleagues is appreciated. Even though this reply will not settle this controversy, it might provide a starting point for others wishing to examine this topic. The article had two major findings. The first is that there was a minimal Democratic bias in contested southern state legislative districts in the 1970s and 1980s. The second is that the Democrats appear to have used the switch from multimember districts (MMDs) to single-member districts (SMDs) to insulate themselves from large vote swings by lowering the swing ratio (responsiveness) of the electoral system. Krassa and Combs make two criticisms of this research: First, the grouping time periods together means the analysis includes the effects of other structural and social events, thus confounding the analysis of changes in the swing ratio and bias. They suggest a need to adopt a similar methodology to King and Gelman (1991), which controls for the structural characteristics in southern state legislative elections. Their second critique is the interpretation of a declining swing ratio protecting incumbents is incorrect. A more desirable situation for Democratic incumbents is to have a high swing ratio because it converts lower vote shares into a higher proportion of Democratically controlled districts. Bullock’s critique notes the findings are not generalizable to the affirmative action gerrymandering associated with the 1990s redistricting process. I begin by addressing the methodological critique of Krassa and Combs. Then I turn to the latter two questions involving the interpretation of our findings.
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Grobovaite, Dalia. "Politics of Bricolage and the Double-Sided Message of the LEGO Movie." Canadian Journal of Media Studies 15, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 57–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/cjmsrcem.v15i1.6469.
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With the release of The Lego Movie in 2014, Frankfurt School’s critical theory once again finds an application in the contemporary media landscape. Its main postulates articulated by Theodor Adorno and Max Horkheimer have never lost significance and relevance. New media products provide a convenient platform to engage in the discussion and reinforce some of the most influential critiques of the culture industries. Although with less negative dialect, the paper approaches Horkheimer’s and Adorno’s critique of mass culture in a contemporary media landscape referencing their most influential work of critical theory - Dialectic of Enlightenment. The paper carefully examines the script of The Lego Movie and producers’ interviews and relates those to the critical concepts of the culture industries. From the onset, The Lego Movie brings up a few controversial messages. First, the idea of creativity and imagination appears to be limited to the use of the brick, namely the Lego brick. Secondly, although the basic maxim of the movie is the promotion of self-identity and individuality, the development of these personal traits through the storyline is debatable. Finally, the producers’ aim to criticize American mass culture and the culture industry is dubious as much as their claim to have no intention for the movie to serve as a commercial. The paradox of the latter is poignant since the critique of mass culture is embedded in the product of the same culture — the medium of the screen — the movie. The Lego movie uses a powerful medium to convey the message of the consumer culture – the colorful brick, which is easily recognized by kids all over the world. It is arguable whether the medium intensifies the messages disseminated through the movie. A massive increase in the sales of Lego sets after the movie’s release may suggest an affirmative answer.
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Jörg, Kilian. "Nietzsche and Ecological Reason(s) in the Anthropocene." Trumpeter 35, no. 1 (April 3, 2020): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1068482ar.
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Ecosophical discourses around the ecological condition that is sometimes referred to as the “Anthropocene” require a fundamental rethinking of key concepts of occidental philosophy, including reason. Nietzsche’s body of work offers manifold tools for the rethinking of reason, and this paper seeks to apply them to achieve a “new ecological image of thought.” It will demonstrate 1) how there is a clear ecological awareness motivating Nietzsche’s affirmative critique of reason, 2) how one can find rudiments of a pluralization of the concept of reason in Nietzsche's body of work, as well as 3) traces of a new, qualitatively different form of ecological reason for the time called the Anthropocene – with all its problems and possibilities. In doing so, this paper will demonstrate how Nietzsche can be very productively applied to contemporary eco-philosophical discussions.
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Rose-Redwood, Reuben, Rob Kitchin, Lauren Rickards, Ugo Rossi, Ayona Datta, and Jeremy Crampton. "The uneven terrain of dialogical encounters and the spatial politics of listening." Dialogues in Human Geography 8, no. 2 (July 2018): 160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820618780583.
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The contributions to this forum have highlighted how the limits to scholarly dialogue are multiple and have had serious consequences for the ways in which knowledges are produced and debated in the academy, the media, and wider society. In this rejoinder to the commentaries on our article, ‘The Possibilities and Limits to Dialogue’, we embrace the stance of affirmative critique in order to constructively engage with the important issues that our interlocutors raised. In particular, we consider questions of dialogical recognition, refusal, and the politics of listening as well as the need to strive not only to engage in dialogue but also to work toward changing the terms and terrain of dialogical engagement in order to produce a more equitable and just space of dialogical encounters in the academy.
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Staunæs, Dorthe, and Katja Brøgger. "In the mood of data and measurements: experiments as affirmative critique, or how to curate academic value with care." Feminist Theory 21, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 429–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464700120967301.
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The technologies used to govern performance at universities consist of monitoring and comparative instruments. They are designed to affect and direct behaviour. In these academic environments of exposure, comparison and self-monitoring are deeply entangled with a vulnerable affective economy. This article explores how these data may affect our moods and how academic value could be curated by other means and with care. Drawing on feminist new materialist thinking and speculative feminist storytelling, the article takes this picture of the actual as a point of departure for discussing ways of experimenting with affirmative critique of the current use of data. Through a smaller experiment with thirty PhD students, the article discusses how to speculatively curate academic value by other means that provide more liveable world(ing)s than data visuals measuring performance and that engage other sensorial and affective registers.
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Slovin, LJ, and Paulina Semenec. "Thinking/writing within and outside the IRB box." Reconceptualizing Educational Research Methodology 10, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/rerm.3241.
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Prompted by shared discussions about our doctoral research, this paper focuses on two tensions we identified when applying to our university’s Institutional Review Board (IRB). The first tension relates to our discomfort with the assumptions about research participants as articulated in the IRB application. We detail how one of us sought to work with/in but also outside of the constraints we discuss. The second tension takes us into a more experimental space. We write ‘outside’ of the IRB boxes as a form of critique, but also as a way to produce more affirmative ways of thinking about what else can be thought and done within university IRB structures. We focus in particular on the ways that “data” is contained within IRB boxes. We conclude by offering some additional questions that this process of thinking/writing together have generated.
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Jamal, Tazim, and Jaume Guia. "Global Coordination and Regulation of Tourism: Radicalizing Kant’s Cosmopolitanism." RECERCA. Revista de Pensament i Anàlisi 26, no. 1 (November 12, 2020): 9–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/recerca.2021.26.1.2.
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Tourism is a complex phenomenon in scale and scope. Interrelated with other systems (ecological, social, economic, political) from the local to the global, its impacts and effects transcend borders, making coordination and regulation highly challenging. Global mobilities (both physical and virtual) and neoliberal globalization further complicate enabling just and sustainable tourism. New forms of governance are needed to address global threats like climate change and pandemics. This paper explores Immanuel Kant’s transcendental perspective on “perpetual peace” and traces his evolving cosmopolitanism over a decade of essays. We then turn towards what appears to be a contradictory, immanent posthumanist approach from Gilles Deleuze. Radicalizing Kant using Deleuze leads to a different concept of ‘normativity’, grounded in an ideal of perpetual self-critique and self-creation. Such a critical, affirmative ethic opens possibilities for situated approaches to cosmopolitan rights and global justice, rather than global regulatory structures to coordinate effective and proactive actions.
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Paraschiv, Paul Mihai. "Becoming Bone Sheep: Assemblages, Becomings, and Antianthropocentrism." Metacritic Journal for Comparative Studies and Theory 8, no. 2 (December 19, 2022): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/mjcst.2022.14.09.
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This article employs the graphic narrative Becoming Bone Sheep in order to present visually and textually the theories applied in building a critique of the Anthropocene. Concepts like gaze, becoming process, assemblage, de-flocking, racial proximity, zoe, affirmative transformations or networks will be theorized upon, resulting thus in an apparatus for the defence of all natural life. The graphic narrative exposes the flawed condition of man in relation with the nonhuman by representing a singular interaction between species – the gaze – which manages to dislocate the subjects from their individuality. Moreover, it draws on spatial confines that serve as an expression of parcelling the apparently unseen differences between the species, introducing in the discussion the re-evaluation of agency through what Braidotti calls zoe-centric ethics of becoming. Finally, it intends to delineate approaches for a further debate on countering oppressive structures in the context of Global South literature.
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Skjoldager-Nielsen, Daria, and Kim Skjoldager-Nielsen. "Theatre, Science, and the Popular: Two Contemporary Examples From Scandinavia." Nordic Theatre Studies 29, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nts.v29i2.104609.
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This article explores relations between theatre, science, and the popular, which have largely been overlooked by Nordic theatre studies. The aim here is to introduce and understand the variety of ways theatre may communicate science to the public, the point of departure informed by the historical development of the relations between the three concepts and Edmund Husserl’s phenomenological critique of modern science. The two analytical examples are Swedish Charlotte Engelkes’ and Peder Bjurman’s Svarta hål – en kvantfysisk vaudeville (2014) and Danish Hotel Pro Forma’s adult performance for children Kosmos+ En Big Bang forestilling om universets vidundre (2014).History of science reveals complex combinations of science and the popular in theatrical events that raises the question if the audience’s understanding of the scientific subject matter itself always was – or has to be – the purpose of the popular science performance, or if it rather was – and is – about spurring interest by inspiring sentiments of wonder and reflection on science’s impact on life and outlooks. Newer conceptual developments also suggest that it is not always the case that theatre is a tool for science popularisation, as a specific genre science theatre, but that scientific information and concepts are artistically interpreted by theatre, and not always in ways affirmative of the science. This later variant is called science-in-theatre. The two genres are demonstrated through the analyses of Svarta hål and Kosmos+, the claim being that the first was an ambiguous exposition of science, i.e. science-in-theatre, whereas the second established an artistically visionary affirmation, as regular science theatre.
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Robinson, Andrew. "Symptoms of a New Politics: Networks, Minoritarianism and the Social Symptom in Žižek, Deleuze and Guattari." Deleuze Studies 4, no. 2 (July 2010): 206–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/dls.2010.0004.
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This article explores the contemporary ‘symptomatic’ position of radically excluded social groups through a critical engagement with the work of Žižek, Deleuze and Guattari. It begins with a presentation and critique of Žižek's theorisation, arguing that while he correctly perceives the symptomatic status of certain social groups and issues, his approach is insufficiently radical because of its reliance on inappropriate structuralist assumptions and metaphysical negativity. It then compares this theory to Deleuze and Guattari's theory of minoritarianism, viewed as a similar attempt to engage with the symptomatic effects of exclusion. A political trajectory is derived from Deleuze and Guattari's theory which reconceives the politics of the excluded in terms of emancipatory lines of flight rather than gestures of identification. The article then explores social movements arising from the growing phenomenon of global exclusion in neoliberalism, looking at examples such as Somalia and Bolivia, and proposing autonomy and networked approaches to social life as responses to exclusion which reconfigure social space in affirmative ways.
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Goodwin, Michele. "Marital Rape: The Long Arch of Sexual Violence Against Women and Girls." AJIL Unbound 109 (2015): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001689.
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If no permanent injury has been inflicted, nor malice, cruelty nor dangerous violence shown by the husband, it is better to draw the curtain, shut out the public gaze, and leave the parties to forget and forgive.State v. Oliver, 70 N.C. 60, 62 (1874)Prologue: The ContextSadly, sexual violence against women and girls remains deeply entrenched and politicized around the globe. Perhaps no other allegation of crime exposes a woman’s credibility to such intense hostility and imposes the penalties of shame and stigma to a more severe degree than alleging rape. Factors irrelevant to sexual violence, including the victim’s choice of clothing, hairstyle, and time of the attack frequently serve as points of searching inquiry, and scrutiny. Such extraneous points of critique further compound an atmosphere of shaming and stigmatization associated with sexual violence, but are seen as crucial in bolstering an affirmative defense and inevitably building the case against rape victims.
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Boulton, Christopher. "Under the Cloak of Whiteness: A Circuit of Culture Analysis of Opportunity Hoarding and Colour-blind Racism Inside US Advertising Internship Programs." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 13, no. 2 (September 30, 2015): 390–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v13i2.592.
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Drawing on qualitative fieldwork at three large agencies, this article adapts Richard Johnson’s “circuit of culture” (1986) as a framework to examine both the material practices that help reproduce an overwhelmingly white labour force within US advertising agencies and the ideological screens that conceal them from scrutiny, critique, and reform. I argue that efforts to diversify advertising through internship-based affirmative action programs are ultimately undermined and overwhelmed by the more widespread systems of white privilege whereby agency executives and powerful clients bypass the application process and directly place personal friends and relatives into highly sought after internship slots. Furthermore, I contend that such material practices of class preference are masked, and thereby enabled, by ideological screens of colour-blind meritocracy. I argue that colour-blindness leads to meritocracy in theory, but race discrimination in practice, and conclude with a discussion of some possible implications for communication theory in general and critical media industry studies in particular.
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Staunæs, Dorthe. "‘Green with envy:’ affects and gut feelings as an affirmative, immanent, and trans-corporeal critique of new motivational data visualizations." International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education 31, no. 5 (April 12, 2018): 409–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09518398.2018.1449983.
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Otto, Dianne. "Queerly Troubling International Law's Vision of “Peace”." AJIL Unbound 116 (2022): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2021.71.
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Queering international law involves dreaming. It requires stepping outside the framing presumptions of “normal” law to reveal and challenge the heteronormative underpinnings of the hierarchies of power and value that the law sustains. Reclaiming the nomenclature of queer from its history as a term of insult and dehumanization, queer theory interrogates the normative framework that naturalizes and privileges heterosexuality and its binary regime of gender. In its reclamation, “queer” gestures toward affirmative assemblages of new meanings and emancipatory imaginaries. In international law, queer theory has been used in many different ways. For some, queerly troubling the normative involves expanding the existing normal to be more inclusive of queer lives, as can often be seen in the field of international human rights law. As life-giving as inclusion is to those barely existing on the margins, without changing the terms of inclusion this approach risks leaving heteronormativity intact and may even buttress it, as with the legal recognition of same-sex marriage. For others, queering international law involves a more fundamental critique of its regimes of the normal that, together, regulate our relations with each other and the planet. The objects of queer theory's structural critique are the conceptual foundations of international law, which rely on heteronormativity as a fundamental organizing principle that helps to normalize inequality, poverty, exploitation, and violence. One example is the “civilizing mission” which justified colonialism and continues to animate present legal norms. As Teemu Ruskola argues in his seminal queer critique, international legal rhetoric attributed normative masculinity to (Western) sovereign states and cast the “deficient” sovereignty of non-Western states in terms of variously deviant masculinities which, together with their civilizational and racial attributes, justified their “penetration.” My “troubling” of international law's account of peace takes a queer structural approach and then outlines some alternative imaginaries suggested by queer theory and activism.
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Omeragić, Merima. "THE MOTHERHOOD CONTINENT AS A WRITING SPACE IN THE WORKS OF JASMINA TEŠANOVIĆ." Folia linguistica et litteraria XII, no. 34 (April 2021): 119–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31902/fll.34.2021.7.
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The phenomenon of motherhood is a challenging focus for research in the feminist literary theory/critique. The motherhood continent as a controversial point of contention in the society has become (or remains) a polemicized field between the traditionalism, critical, essentialist feminism and epistemology. Advocating for the deconstruction of social postulates of patriarchy starts with a revision of the positive connotations of motherhood, demonization of abortion/birth control, and the right to birth self-determination. In the struggle for power and control at the waning of matriarchy, the androcentric order established the purpose, model and objectives of motherhood. The examination in this work destabilizes elements of motherhood in A Women's Book, The Mermaids, Matrimonium, and Nefertiti Was Here. The objective of this work is to deconstruct the concept of motherhood that is present in our paternal/patriarchal traditions by denouncing the harmful and deeply rooted stereotypes. Simultaneously the work exposes and highlights the need for affirmation of authentic feminine legacy, elucidates aspects of the mother daughter relationship, and promotes the accomplishments of regional literature. In this scientific approach to the phenomenon of motherhood, the work makes use of such theoretical concepts as: ideology of intensive motherhood, creation of body language and women's writing, motherly instinct, maternal ideology, matriarchy and mythology, the black continent, identification with the mother, as well as the mother-daughter relationship, the child's belonging, motherhood and non-motherhood and abortion-birth sterility. The inclusion of these themes in the narratives is an indicative question of the subjective affirmative experience of motherhood, where we find transcendental impulses for generating women's language and creation, which juxtapose ideological norms, intensity of motherhood and achieve autonomy in literary creation.