Academic literature on the topic 'Affirmative action strategies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Affirmative action strategies"
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Boylan, Michael. "Affirmative Action: Strategies for the Future." Journal of Social Philosophy 33, no. 1 (February 2002): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9833.00127.
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Brown, Robert D. "Affirmative action and professional associations: Useful strategies." New Directions for Student Services 1990, no. 52 (1990): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ss.37119905209.
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Reddy, P. S., and R. B. G. Choudree. "Public Service Transformation and Affirmative Action Perspectives in South Africa." Public Personnel Management 25, no. 1 (March 1996): 25–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102609602500103.
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Affirmative action is on the agenda in South Africa. It is generally accepted that the new constitution will include a bill of rights which will contain a clause ensuring equality of all persons. It is this clause which will outlaw discrimination and which will sanction affirmative action. However, it is probably that the bill of rights will have to be supplemented by legislation on discrimination, affirmative action and employment equity, which will determine, for example whether and how the Public Service (and the private sector) are compelled or permitted to implement affirmative action. While approaches and strategies to affirmative action vary considerably, there is general acceptance that it may be an effective mechanism of ensuring social justice in the public service. It can play a pivotal role in equalizing and democratizing public instirutions in South Africa.
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Tasgara, Asafa. "An Assessment of The Challenges on Implementation of Affirmative Action in Ethiopian Secondary Schools." EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35877/454ri.eduline389.
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This study was conducted an assessment on the implementation of affirmative action in case of Ethiopian secondary schools. The general objective of this research was to assess implementation of affirmative action in case of Ethiopian secondary schools.The data were collect from respondent the data was analyzed and summarized using both qualitative and quantitative method.. The findings from this study confirm that attitudes, perceptions practices and procedures related to affirmative action in Ethiopian secondary schools provide indicators of the challenges at implementation. In other words, this study has helped to identify the possible barriers for the implementation of affirmative action which could serve as a basis for further research. Having drawn up the above mentioned findings and remarks: Awareness-raising and sensitization plays a pivotal role in understanding the principle underlying affirmative action policies and practices. The implementation phase involves designing various strategies of implementation to have an effect on the goals identified in the planning phase.
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Twale, Darla J., Costas J. Douvanis, and Francis J. Sekula. "Affirmative action strategies and professional schools: case illustrations of examplary programs." Higher Education 24, no. 2 (September 1992): 177–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00129440.
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Wink, Georg. "“Looking for more Brazilian solutions”: Rhetorical Strategies against Ethnic Quotas in Brazilian Higher Education." Brasiliana: Journal for Brazilian Studies 6, no. 2 (October 13, 2018): 3–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25160/bjbs.v6i2.97048.
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Since the 1990s, Brazil has experienced a growing public debate about policies of ethnic affirmative action. The arguments invoked by the opponents of affirmative action quotas, expressed in scientific publications, the mass media and even manifestos, have been the subject of study in several research projects. In their analyses, these scholars have concluded that the the anti-quota arguments suffered from logical inconsistency, theoretical and methodological flaws or simple lack of empirical evidence. However, anti-quota rhetoric appears to persist seemingly unaffected by academic counter-arguments, if not in the academic debate, at least in public opinion. This paper argues that the persuasive power of anti-quota arguments derives from the strategic use of specific rhetorical strategies, based on time-proven classical speech imagery that foreground evidence and logic even where speculation and heuristics are the actual foundation. Using methods of Critical Discourse Analysis I will analyze a representative corpus of prominent public discourses against ethnic affirmative action quotas in order to demonstrate how rhetorical strategies are deployed in these texts, showing how they broadly mirror the proposition of a “Rhetoric of Reaction” (Hirschman 1991). These rhetorics, I argue, draw heavily on the myth of “racial democracy” combined with a long-standing national master-narrative of Brazilian exceptionalism, the combination of which masks racial animosity and defers policy action to support ethnic minorities.
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Bell, Christine, Angela Hegarty, and Stephen Livingstone. "The Enduring Controversy: Developments in Affirmative Action Law in North America." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 1, no. 3 (March 1996): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/135822919600100303.
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This article seeks to examine the current state of the law on affirmative action in the United States and Canada. Drawing upon developments at both a statutory and constitutional level it considers to what extent the law permits or requires measures to alter the composition of institutions to make them more representative in terms of race or gender. Its primary focus is on employment. It argues that constitutional provisions and judicial interpretation in Canada has been more sympathetic to affirmative action measures, especially in the past decade. After surveying the early development of affirmative action law in the United States it focuses on recent developments, notably the Civil Rights Act of 1991 and recent Supreme Court decisions such as the Adarand v Pena case, to examine the extent to which the scope for affirmative action measures has been reduced. In Canada the article considers both Charter equality jurisprudence and statutory developments such as the Employment Equity Act of 1986. The article concludes by observing that the position remains complex but that there is scope for affirmative action measures in both jurisdictions, perhaps more so in Canada where such measures do not require a backward looking, compensatory rationale. It also suggests that such measures may now have become well established in the human resources strategies of large corporations in both jurisdictions, rendering their disappearance unlikely.
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Lazo González, Denisse M. "Women’s political equality: theoretical approaches to affirmative action." Revista Temas Sociológicos, no. 15 (May 20, 2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.15.272.
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Nivel: ComunicadoFecha de recepción: 20 de julio de 2011Fecha de aprobación: 12 de agosto de 2011AbstractThe following essay presents an overview of theoretically based issues around the debate on women’s political representation and participation, having as a central strand the appropriateness of affirmative action strategies. It is built from the justifications that support the need for better ways of representing disadvantaged groups in general and women in particular as a requirement for democracy and social justice. The essay debates affirmative action and some false assumptions around it, arguing for gender quotas as the strongest mechanism to achieve a definite inclusion of women into politics.Key words: Gender Politics, Affirmative Action, Representation.ResumenEl siguiente ensayo presenta una mirada a algunos de los enfoques teóricos que dictan el debate de la participación y representación política de las mujeres, teniendo como hilo conductor la pertinencia de las estrategias de acción afirmativa. Se desarrolla a partir de los razonamientos que apoyan la necesidad de contar con mejores métodos de representación de grupos en desventaja en general y de las mujeres en particular como requerimiento para la democracia y la justicia social. El ensayo debate sobre la acción afirmativa y algunos de los supuestos que rodean este concepto y presenta a las cuotas de género como el mecanismo más fuerte para alcanzar una inclusión permanente de las mujeres en la política.Palabras Claves: Género y Política, Acción Afirmativa, Representación.
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Lazo González, Denisse M. "Women’s political equality: theoretical approaches to affirmative action." Revista Temas Sociológicos, no. 15 (May 20, 2015): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196458.15.272.
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Nivel: ComunicadoFecha de recepción: 20 de julio de 2011Fecha de aprobación: 12 de agosto de 2011AbstractThe following essay presents an overview of theoretically based issues around the debate on women’s political representation and participation, having as a central strand the appropriateness of affirmative action strategies. It is built from the justifications that support the need for better ways of representing disadvantaged groups in general and women in particular as a requirement for democracy and social justice. The essay debates affirmative action and some false assumptions around it, arguing for gender quotas as the strongest mechanism to achieve a definite inclusion of women into politics.Key words: Gender Politics, Affirmative Action, Representation.ResumenEl siguiente ensayo presenta una mirada a algunos de los enfoques teóricos que dictan el debate de la participación y representación política de las mujeres, teniendo como hilo conductor la pertinencia de las estrategias de acción afirmativa. Se desarrolla a partir de los razonamientos que apoyan la necesidad de contar con mejores métodos de representación de grupos en desventaja en general y de las mujeres en particular como requerimiento para la democracia y la justicia social. El ensayo debate sobre la acción afirmativa y algunos de los supuestos que rodean este concepto y presenta a las cuotas de género como el mecanismo más fuerte para alcanzar una inclusión permanente de las mujeres en la política.Palabras Claves: Género y Política, Acción Afirmativa, Representación.
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Sylvia, R. D., and P. J. Haas. "Affirmative action in municipal government: Political, structural and demographic determinants of alternative strategies." Social Science Journal 35, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 615–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0362-3319(98)90030-1.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Affirmative action strategies"
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Wauchope, Liz, and n/a. "An affirmation action continuum." University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1987. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.171449.
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The development of affirmative action strategies designed to achieve equal employment opportunity has been studied along six dimensions of functioning
within four separate organisations. Three of these organisations were
participants in the Federal Government's Affirmative Action Pilot Program in
1984/5, and one was not.
It has been shown that change occurred in a continuous developmental
sequence, here called an "Affirmative Action Continuum", within each of
these six dimensions over the period of study, with each organisation
following a similar sequence of movement. Exceptions occurred where an
organisation made no movement at all, or where one or more of the
sequential processes was omitted or displaced, in a dimension. The
reasons for some of these exceptions, and some of their consequences for
later action, have been explored.
It has been shown that simultaneous activity occurred across several,
dimensions, so that no organisation acted upon only one dimension in
isolation from all others. There was some chronological sequencing between
dimensions.
The indicators of movement along the Affirmative Action Continuum within
each dimension were used to describe the change process in each
organisation. These indicators proved to be useful both in this regard,
and in placing each organisation an the Affirmative Action Continuum in
each dimension at two different points in time. In this way, the
indicators' usefulness was shown to generalise to four very different
institutions, thus suggesting applicability beyond the bounds of this
particular study.
It is intended that the results of this dissertation, and in particular the
model of the Affirmative Action Continuum and the indicators described in
Chapter Two, be used by Equal Employment Opportunity practitioners to
facilitate their decision making about sequencing of activities designed to
achieve equal employment oppportunity.
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Rhoda, James George Phillip. "An analysis of the affirmative action policies and strategies of Oostenberg Municipality." University of Western Cape, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7477.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPALocal authorities in the Western Cape have all initiated affirmative action policies to address past discrimination and ethnic inequalities, however ineffectual they may have been up to now. The debate arises; what kind of programme should be adopted to address issues such as discrimination, economic and social upliftment for disadvantaged groups and individuals? Oostenberg local authority organisation in the Western Cape is a functionary in the socio-economic rejuvenation of the poverty stricken, formerly deprived and most oppressed people of the Cape Metropolitan area. Transformation has not heralded the implementation of developmental strategies or the initiation of programmes, to address the huge inequalities that exist between black and white communities. This study argues that Affirmative Action should address holistic transformation of disadvantaged groups and individuals, to utilise the development potential of society to it's maximurn. The racial inequalities that pervade all aspects of life in South Africa are major factors contributing to racial hatred and civil disobedience. Apartheid has been formally eradicated from the South African Constitution, however, the vast differences between the opulent white minority and the increasing black majority is a reason for concern. Legislation has been promulgated to ensure that all private and public sector organisation adhere to, and commit themselves to the elimination of unfair discrimination in the workplace, however no amount of legislation can assure peace and harmony in a society filled with hatred. Affirmative action has been recognised as an agency to eradicate inequalities in income and status and to develop the human potential and ability. Those who benefit from affirmative action policies should be defined in terms of objective socio-economic principles, such as living conditions, education and income levels, to ensure that programmes target the genuinely disadvantaged. The growing feeling of discontent in the Western Cape is cause for concern and this is fuelled by the incorrect implementation of affirmative action. This study will utilise statistics, records, documents and interviews to obtain a detailed and descriptive analysis of strategies and policies thus far implemented in the Oostenberg Municipality. It is also the contention of this study that this organisation has applied limited policies and strategies to overcome the corrosive effects of discrimination.
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Pandle, Nolubabalo Leeanne. "An investigation into employee empowerment strategies for Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012138.
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Employee empowerment is a strategy that small business managers can deploy to add value to the business. This strategy is aimed at cultivating the power and ability of employees in their jobs. A business is a business by people working in it though they differ in many ways their contribution to the success of the organization is very important. However, these people are not often recognized as value contributors in the success of the business and for this reason they do not intend to add value to the business and they become demotivated to do their jobs properly. People are the business storehouse of knowledge and they are central to the organization's competitive advantage. Well educated, coached, and highly motivated people are critical to the development and execution of strategies, especially in today's fast-paced market, where top management can no longer assure the business competitiveness in isolation. In the business world, almost all businesses are doing the same, small businesses should strive to do things differently, and the only way that they can achieve that uniqueness is through instilling frankness and liberty to employees so that they act as if the business also belongs to them. The reason behind this success is the strategy the business is using to get into the heart of its customers, and this strategy is “employee empowerment”. People are the business's most underutilized resource; involvement in an organization is no longer a one-way road. In today's corporate environment a manager must work towards engaging the organization forcefully enough to achieve its objectives. New knowledge-based enterprises are characterized by flat hierarchical structures and a multi-skilled workforce. Managers assume more leadership and coaching tasks and work hard to provide employees with resources and working conditions they need to accomplish the goals they have agreed to. In brief, managers work for their staff, and not the reverse and this makes employees feel valued. Small business owners should tap into a new dimension of utilizing employee empowerment strategies in their businesses as these are proficient and are not costly. This paper investigates employee empowerment strategies that can be used by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME's). An important reason for this investigation is that small businesses have incompetent skilled labour force due to the fact that they operate under a limited budget from which it would be difficult to get skilled workers who will demand higher salaries, as a result they need to put their energies rather on equipping and educating their employees through empowerment, which could at the end make them feel valued and part of the business. It is imperative to firstly assess the current situation of small business commitment to employee empowerment strategies; to what extent do they use employee empowerment strategies in their businesses In terms of the empirical study it was determined that small businesses were not aware of the concept of employee empowerment, but are in actual fact practicing employee empowerment strategies that have been theoretically revealed, according to the researcher’s observation, they were not aware of the impact of employee empowerment in the organization and that they can be implemented into the business. Therefore, by introducing the concept of employee empowerment and the strategies that can be used in small businesses, SMME's can enhance their services to customers, increase productivity and contribute to the welfare of employees to add value to the individual, the business and the country.
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Groenewald, Annaline. "An analysis of development strategies aimed at meeting employment equity objectives within Medscheme." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/515.
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South Africa has undergone major social and political changes over the past two decades. In addition, new legislation in the form of the Employment Equity Act (No. 55 of 1998), which regulates employment practices in an attempt to make the workplace a true reflection of the South African population, was introduced to employers. The implementation of this Act has a major impact on organisations in South Africa and definitely influences the way in which they do business. Organisations, large and small, in every sector are being squeezed in all dimensions. They compete for customers whose expectations of quality, price and service are constantly increasing. Throughout the world, education, training and equitable working practices are recognised as essential ingredients to compete successfully and to ensure high performance practices. This research paper investigates whether the employee development strategies at Medscheme (the organisation selected for this study) are aimed at meeting employment equity objectives. An important reason for the investigation is that globalisation and the need for organisations to gain sustainable competitive advantage require new and different approaches for the recruitment, training, development and retention of employees with key skills. The key to success will, however, be for organisations in South Africa to find a middle way between ensuring equity, while remaining competitive. In order to achieve the objective of the research, the following approach was followed: Firstly, a comprehensive literature study was conducted to determine the legislative basis for equity and employee development; Secondly, a survey of literature dealing specifically with employee development initiatives available to organisations was conducted; Thirdly, the views of the employees within Medscheme were obtained to determine to what extent the organisation implemented the Employment Equity Act and what development strategies are used to facilitate the Abstract iv development of individuals from the previously disadvantaged designated groups to equip them for future positions in senior and top management; and, Lastly, the responses to the questionnaire were analysed to determine the extent to which Medscheme’s employee development strategies support the objectives of the Employment Equity Act.
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Rockman, Paul A. "Affirmative action policies and strategies impacting on management positions in the provincial administration: Western Cape - 1995 to 1999: a critical assessment." University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7751.
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Magister Administrationis - MAdminThe South African society is in a period of transformation that constantly challenges economic, social, and even psychological paradigms. Affirmative Action forms an integral part of the process of redistribution and has, for the longest time, attempted to make inroads into the mainstream of economic life in South Africa. The public service, being a government employer, generates a certain expectation with regards to substantive transformation amongst its ranks. For this reason, this study focuses on the Provincial Administration: Western Cape and the impact that affirmative action policies and strategies have had on management positions between the period 1995 and 1999. Government Affirmative Action policies and legislation have more than placed this issue in the forefront of social change and transformation, yet this investigation leads one to conclude that there is a lack of commitment from the provincial administration in terms of realizing national goals and objectives. This study critically assesses the dynamics at work in the transformation process in the administration and establishes the strengths and weaknesses of particular policies and strategies. Data relating to management positions, and the implementation of affirmative action policies and strategies during this period, suggest that little or nothing has been transformed.
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Bota, Patrick Mziwoxolo. "Factors affecting the impact of BEE strategies in enhancing previously disadvantaged beneficiaries in Manquma Local Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020115.
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This research project is about the “Factors Affecting the impact of Black Economic Empowerment strategies in enhancing previously disadvantaged beneficiaries in Mnquma Local Municipality.” The purpose is to examine the challenges faced by previously disadvantaged beneficiaries so as to emerge with new innovative BEE mechanisms that can be implemented to improve the situation faced by beneficiaries for the better. To achieve this objective, it was necessary to study the iterature of “Black Economic Empowerment” which is part of the Local Economic Development initiatives. In order to attain the main objective of the study and also to address the research problem face to face interviews were conducted with previously disadvantaged beneficiaries, Local Economic Development officials and councillors from five different wards of Mnquma Local Municipality. The literature review and the interviews helped one to come up with the recommendations to be adopted in order to remedy the situation of the beneficiaries. These recommendations will, hopefully, be of assistance to Mnquma Local Municipality. Findings of this study indicate that challenges faced by previously disadvantaged beneficiaries include: fronting, lack of finance, skills shortage like technical, management, budgeting and saving skills, absence of training workshops, and lack of support on SMMEs development as well as poor implementation of BEE policy by Local Economic Development Unit. The aforesaid challenges have negative effects on the implementation of BEE strategies which adversely affect the beneficiaries. Here are some of the recommendations made in this regard: support and assistance for previously disadvantaged beneficiaries like financial assistance, Khula financial schemes, bank loans, training and workshops, establishment of agricultural projects as well as assistance on coordination of co-operatives initiatives. Other recommendations provide possible solutions to these problems: corruption, nepotism and cadreship deployment. In order to act against these transgressions the following suggestions have been made in the study: containment of fronting, development of heritage and historical sites for tourists’ purposes, recommendation on BEE management strategies and also recommendation on business registration and licensing. The study concludes that if the Mnquma Local Municipality can execute all the proposed recommendations, all the factors raised as the stumbling block towards the success and beneficiary of the previously disadvantaged beneficiaries would be resolved.
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Biela, Runel. "The acculturation process in hostels of a higher education institution / Runel Biela." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1384.
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Ladouce, Brett Louis. "The implementation of broad-based black economic empowerment strategies in the Overberg Agri Group of Companies." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1028.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Broad-Based Economic Empowerment Act, No. 53 of 2003, and its Codes of Good Practice on Black Economic Empowerment are the cornerstones of a strategy implemented by the South African government to transform the economy to an inclusive one where all citizens have equal opportunities to contribute to the economic growth of the country. The process of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment has a direct impact on the operational activities of all businesses in all business sectors, including the agricultural sector. The main aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment strategy for Overberg Agri Limited. The strategy is based on the implementation of initiatives aimed at compliance with the seven pillars of black economic empowerment as incorporated in the Codes of Good Practice on Black Economic Empowerment. A critical analysis of the legislative framework and executive governmental decrees governing Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment shows that the government of South Africa followed a structured legislative approach to the drafting and implementation of legislation aimed at creating an equitable society by addressing the inter-related issues of human rights, employment equity, skills development, allocation of natural resources and black economic empowerment. Overberg Agri Limited partially addressed its significant non-compliance with the Generic BEE Scorecard by entering into an agreement with Thembeka Capital. However, this transaction only addressed the ownership requirement of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment and had a limited effect on enhancing the black economic empowerment status of Overberg Agri Limited. Overberg Agri can achieve its goal of Level 4 Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment status by: • Reorganising its business structure in terms of core agricultural and non-core business activities; • Selling significant stakes in non-core business entities to black shareholders; • Entering into other joint ventures with black businesses; • Addressing all seven elements of the B-BBEE scorecard and making the required resources available for this. This research report provides value due to the fact that it adequately addresses the research problem. It also followed the proposed research procedure in addressing the research problem and it provides the foundation for a general application of its findings.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtigingswet, Nr. 53 van 2003, en die generiese kodes vir goeie praktyk ten opsigte van swart ekonomiese bemagtiging vorm die hoekstene van die strategie wat deur die Suid-Afrikaanse regering geïmplementeer is om die ekonomie te omskep in 'n inklusiewe een waar alle landsburgers gelyke geleenthede gegun word om 'n bydrae te lewer tot die ekonomiese groei van die land. Die proses van Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtiging het 'n direkte invloed op die operasionele bedrywighede van alle besighede in al die besigheidsektore, insluitend die landbousektor. Die hoofdoel van hierdie studie is om 'n omvattende Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtigingstrategie vir Overberg Agri Beperk op te stel. Die strategie is gebaseer op die implementering van inisiatiewe wat gemik is op voldoening aan die vereistes van die sewe pilare van swart ekonomiese bemagtiging soos uiteengesit in die generiese kodes vir goeie praktyk vir swart ekonomiese bemagtiging. 'n Kritiese analise van die wetgewende raamwerk en uitvoerende regeringsbesluite wat 'n invloed het op Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtiging dui aan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse regering 'n gestruktureerde wetgewende benadering gevolg het in die opstel en implementering van wetgewing wat daarop gemik is om 'n regverdige samelewing te skep deur aandag te skenk aan die interafhanklike kwessies van menseregte, gelyke indiensneming, vaardigheidsontwikkeling, toekenning van natuurlike hulpbronne en swart ekonomiese bemagtiging. Overberg Agri Beperk het sy aansienlike gebrek aan voldoening aan die voorskrifte van die generiese swart bemagtigingstelkaart gedeeltelik aangespreek deur 'n ooreenkoms met Thembeka Capital aan te gaan. Die transaksie skenk egter slegs aandag aan die eienaarskapvereiste van Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtiging en het 'n beperkte uitwerking op die verhoging van die swart ekonomiese bemagtigingstatus van Overberg Agri Beperk gehad. Overberg Agri Beperk kan sy teiken van Vlak 4 Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtigingstatus bereik deur: • Sybesigheid struktuur te herstruktureer ten opsigte van kern- en nie-kernbesigheidsaktiwiteite; • Aansienlike aandeelhouding van nie-kernbesigheidsentiteite aan swart aandeelhuers te verkoop; • Gesamentlike ondernemings met swart besighede te begin; • Aandag te skenk aan al sewe elemente van die Breëbasis Swart Ekonomiese Bemagtigingtelkaart en die hulpbronne beskikbaar te stel wat daarvoor benodig word. Die ondersoekverslag is van waarde aangesien dit die ondersoekvraag volledig aanspreek, die voorgestelde ondersoekprosedure gevolg het en 'n basis skep vir die algemene toepassing van die bevindinge.
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Victoria, Junior Clóvis. "A igualdade é branda : estratégias de luta por classificação em pré-vestibulares populares no contexto da ação afirmativa na UFRGS." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/174483.
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Este estudo propõe-se a prospectar e mapear estratégias empregadas por estudantes de dois pré-vestibulares populares de Porto Alegre e Viamão como respostas às dificuldades de ingresso no ensino superior. As hipóteses inferem que o sucesso ou fracasso no vestibular estejam relacionados às opções de cursos e a estratégias de evitar os mais concorridos, em resposta a uma formação escolar precária nos níveis básico e médio, à condição social e ao sistema de ingresso que oferece poucas vagas públicas. O vestibular, nesse sentido, apresenta-se como uma barreira a perpetuar e/ou regular uma desigualdade histórica ainda persistente, embora em níveis abrandados por estes primeiros tempos de ações afirmativas. A história de vida desses estudantes é parte da explicação das chances de classificação ou de seleção. Cotistas em sua maioria, os estudantes dos dois pré-vestibulares investigados procuram converter seus capitais econômicos e sociais herdados em capital escolar. A estratégia é aumentar chances de ingressar no mercado de trabalho com um diploma de maior valor. O levantamento das frequências e percentuais das vagas oferecidas pelo sistema, da política nacional de distribuição de oportunidades escolares, das chances de seleção, comparado com a oferta, opções de curso nos vestibulares entre 2008 e 2012 da UFRGS, indica que a maior parte do universo de vestibulandos pesquisado é excluída nesse processo seletivo. E aqueles que se classificam ocupam, com maior frequência, vagas em cursos nos quais os diplomas estão depreciados em termos de valor de marcado de trabalho. As políticas de democratização do acesso ao ensino superior, como é o caso das ações afirmativas universitárias, das políticas públicas governamentais, como o ProUni, ampliam oportunidades escolares e seus efeitos são de longo prazo. Portanto, renová-las, constituí-las como permanentes, elevando o investimento de recursos públicos configuram um potencial de crescimento de chances de classificação no ensino superior, com repercussões em termos de inovação tecnológica, melhoria das condições de renda e de efeitos geracionais sobre uma parcela da população brasileira historicamente excluída. No entanto, para que a política de ações afirmativas apresente resultados a médio e longo prazo é urgente inverter a lógica privatista das vagas no ensino superior, sobretudo 5 a partir dos anos 1960 e da metade dos anos 1990, ampliando as vagas públicas. Os critérios de seleção dos vestibulares da UFRGS e a baixa qualidade da preparação desses estudantes no nível básico de ensino, especialmente nas disciplinas de ciências exatas, operam como guias de escolhas, na medida em que levam vestibulandos a optar por cursos de baixo e médio-baixo prestígios. Os pré-vestibulares populares, nesse contexto, assumiriam a tarefa de compensar essa defasagem social e de formação escolar. Tarefa, aliás, demasiado difícil para essas instâncias precárias.The goal of this research is to identify strategies that students from two popular pre-university courses, located in Porto Alegre and Viamão, undertake in response to the difficulties they face to get good grades to be accepted by UFRGS. In the struggle for classification, these people seek to convert their assets into inherited and acquired educational capital from the experience of training in popular preparation courses to answer objective questions in the selection process. The strategies indicate that there is a preponderant choice: students choose university courses of low and medium prestige as an attempt to improve their condition in the labor market. The surveys of frequencies and percentages of choice by knowledge area show that, even after affirmative actions, the social exclusion remains. Most remain disqualified, despite the fact that the quot a policy, implemented at UFRGS in 2008, offers a sense of great erase of access in the most prestigious courses in the context of systemic inequality and reduced chances in Brazilian higher education.
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French, Erica. "Strategic Equity Management in the Australian Private Sector." Queensland University of Technology, 2003. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15887/.
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Developing equitable practices that provide fair access for all individuals to the benefits and burdens within an organisation remains a dilemma for management both in policy and practice. Research continues to show that the employment status and representation of women is significantly less in relation to those of men. Conflicting arguments on the causes of disparity and competing ideals on the value and means for addressing the disparity have resulted in a number of different opinions on the implementation and practice of equity management. This dissertation contributes to the current knowledge of equity management, exploring contemporary equity management strategies, identifying the approaches of its implementation and analysing these against the outcomes for the status of women's employment. The equity management practices of more that 1900 Australian Private Sector organisations are explored in order to identify the common themes of equity management. Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factory Analysis are used to analyse the data. A model of strategic equity management practice was developed that identifies different structures, strategies and distribution principles designed to address the disparity between men and women. A major aim of this thesis was to explore the ability of a typological theory of equity management approaches to account for the differences in the status of women's employment. The thesis proposes a typology of equity management approaches that explain the implementation of equity management strategies based on structure and process. Four ideal-typical equity management approaches to achieving workplace parity are identified and explored. The traditional (non-compliance), anti-discrimination, affirmative action and gender diversity approaches proposed inform the a priori Cluster Analysis process that grouped Australian organisations based on their use of the approaches to equity management. Significant numbers of Australian organisations were identified utilising each of the identified approaches to equity management. It was further proposed that the different equity management approaches would be predictors of different outcomes for the employment status of women. MANCOVA was used to analyse the equity management approaches (as the independent variables) and the data on the status of women's employment (as the dependent variables). The findings indicate that the different approaches to equity management are predictors of different outcomes for the employment status of women. Results show that the traditional approach to equity management, which includes the use of none of the equity management strategies identified, is not a predictor of increases in any of the employment measures of women. The anti-discrimination approach, which includes the use of a limited number of equity management strategies identified, is a predictor of increases in some of the employment measures of women. The affirmative action approach to equity management, which includes the use of a number of proactive equity management strategies identified, is a predictor of increases in the employment status of women across a number of measures. The gender diversity approach to equity management, which includes the use of all the equity management strategies identified, is a limited predictor of increases in the employment status of women across some of the measures of employment. Managing the equity process within organisations is increasingly identified as an important tool in managing human resources in competitive, global environments that require productive workers and quality outputs. If equity management is to provide an effective means of addressing disparity between men and women in organisations, this thesis argues for the development of a strategic process to address the specific issues of disparity and the particular needs of the individual and the explicit goals of the organisation in equal opportunity.
Books on the topic "Affirmative action strategies"
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Nwankwo, Obiageli, and Sam Ominyi Egwu. Affirmative action strategies: Perspectives and lessons from around the globe. Enugu, Nigeria: Fourth Dimension Pub. Co., Ltd., 2003.
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United States. Employment Standards Administration., ed. Opportunity 2000: Creative affirmative action strategies for a changing workforce. [Washington, D.C.?]: The Administration, 1988.
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Recruiting strategies for public schools. Lanham, Md: ScarecrowEducation, 2005.
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Catherine, Burr, and Somerset Felicity 1940-, eds. Employment equity: Co-operative strategies for organizational change. Scarborough, Ont: Prentice-Hall Canada, 1992.
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Thomas, Adèle. Achieving employment equity: A guide to effective strategies : developing the fabric of organizations. Randburg: Knowledge Resources (Pty) Ltd, 1999.
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Ontario. Ministry of the Environment. Strategies for renewal and employment equity: Action plan, 1990-93. [Toronto]: Ministry of the Environment, 1990.
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Scane, Joyce. Strategies that work: Women in trades technology and applied science. Toronto: Green Dragon Press, 1994.
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Office, General Accounting. AID management: EEO issues and protected group underrepresentation require management attention : report to the Honorable Barbara A. Mikulski, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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Office, General Accounting. AID management: Strategic management can help AID face current and future challenges : report to the Administrator, Agency for International Development. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.
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Opportunity Two Thousand: Creative Affirmative Action Strategies for a Changing Workforce. Government Printing Office, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Affirmative action strategies"
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Baloyi, Elijah M. "Affirmative action as a theological-pastoral challenge in the South African democratic context." In Poverty Reduction Strategies in Africa, 283–93. New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: Global Africa ; v 3: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315282978-17.
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Fibbi, Rosita, Arnfinn H. Midtbøen, and Patrick Simon. "Combatting Discrimination." In IMISCOE Research Series, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67281-2_7.
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AbstractThere is a large variety of policies and actions contributing to tackling discrimination against immigrants and ethno-racial minorities, and countries vary greatly in their strategies to tackle ethnic and racial discrimination. This chapter distinguishes between three main types of measures – antidiscrimination legislation, affirmative action and other equal opportunity policies, and tools for promoting diversity – and describe their origins as well as whether they are implemented in different contexts. The chapter also reviews studies that have aimed at assessing the effectiveness of measures to combat discrimination and concludes by pointing out the necessity of statistics broken down by ethnicity or race to uncover unfair treatment and disadvantage faced by minorities.
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Sabbagh, Daniel. "A Strategic and Consequentialist Perspective: Affirmative Action as an Instrument for Deracializing American Society." In Equality and Transparency, 49–85. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607392_4.
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Carter, J. Scott, and Cameron D. Lippard. "Race, the Affirmative Action Debate, Education, and Past Court Cases." In The Death of Affirmative Action?, 41–66. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529201116.003.0003.
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This chapter provides insights into the state of racial inequality in the US today, with a particular eye on income, wealth, jobs, and education disparities. Do these factors continue to be predicted by race? If they do not, then there really is no need to consider race when making policy at the national and state levels or in higher education. The discussions over affirmative action and how it should be implemented would be moot. This chapter also provides an examination of the impact of education in general and in particular for minorities. We look at how the elimination of affirmative action at the state level has affected enrollment of minorities in higher education. We then provide a look at the history of affirmative action related to higher education in the courts. As such, we offer a detailed synopsis of past court cases that have set the stage for how affirmative action is viewed and used in higher education today. In this light, we discuss the ever-present and surprisingly controversial notion of diversity and how it shapes the affirmative action landscape. We end the chapter by discussing our methodological and analytical strategies for the remaining portion of the book.
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Calvain, Endong Floribert Patrick. "Advocating the Woman Affirmative Action and Women Empowerment in Rural Cross River State of Nigeria." In Handbook of Research on Women's Issues and Rights in the Developing World, 281–96. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3018-3.ch017.
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Most media initiatives (particularly radio and television programs) bordering on women empowerment and the woman affirmative action tend to give less attention to the rural woman to the advantage of her urban counterpart who, to a high extent is already abreast of the feminist concept. This more or less “accidental” discrimination is causing the grassroots women to stay somewhat in ignorance and to further be victimized by the viscous patriarchal system which prevails in traditional circles. Based on a documentary analysis and semi structured interviews with experts, this chapter explores the role of the local media and the civil society in the sensitization of the rural woman towards emancipation and socio-economic empowerment in Cross River State of Nigeria. The chapter equally assesses the effectiveness of the advocacy strategies employed by local media houses and NGOs for such purposes. It assesses civil society's use of the media for the women affirmative action in rural Cross River State of Nigeria as well as the local media potential to push this affirmative action in the grassroots.
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Parker, Traci. "Toward Wal-Mart." In Department Stores and the Black Freedom Movement, 183–224. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469648675.003.0007.
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The book concludes with an examination of the relocation of department stores to suburban shopping centers and the Sears, Roebuck, and Company affirmative action cases. Mass suburbanization, the rise of discount retailers such as Kmart and Wal-Mart, and urban decay transformed department stores. Black workers found that the gains they had made in downtown department stores had virtually disappeared as department stores followed their preferred clientele—the white middle class—to the suburbs. Here, stores were able to return to their former racial practices in spaces that were inaccessible via public transportation, deemed private property, and prohibited civil rights demonstrations. The Sears cases thus reveal the ways that the department store movement modified its tactics, approaches, and strategies. These cases also exposed the industry’s ongoing transformations, ones that revolutionized, or rather diminished, the status of retail work and department stores, and facilitated the reconsolidation of racial discrimination.
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Hrabowski, Freeman A., Kenneth I. Maton, Monica Greene, and Geoffrey L. Greif. "Raising Successful African American Young Women What We Have Learned." In Overcoming the Odds. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195126426.003.0010.
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It is important to remember that the young women in our study are successful not simply in general, but they have excelled in high school and college math and science courses and performed well on standardized tests. Their success is especially significant in the light of recent legal decisions regarding affirmative action. These decisions make it more difficult for minority children to gain admission to some of the nation’s colleges and universities. The critical challenge minority children face is that if their grades and test scores—the traditional measures of success—are not as competitive as those of their White or Asian counterparts, these underrepresented minority groups may not be able to take advantage of all the educational and career opportunities available in our society. Therefore, we must do all we can to strengthen and elevate the academic performance of these students well before they enter college. We know that schools and teachers are critical in the educational process, and understandably they receive a great deal of attention when we look at student-achievement levels. However, we need to focus much more attention on the role of families in this process, particularly in preparing daughters for success in school. Both parents and daughters agreed that parental or family support, in addition to natural ability, was a major reason for the daughters’ success. We have learned that raising African American girls to become high-achieving women in science is a complex and exciting challenge. The past six chapters have focused on what we have learned from slightly more than one hundred families of successful African American college women in science. The book uses and analyzes the voices of the parents and daughters to illuminate the journeys of these families over three generations. What emerges from their diverse perspectives and backgrounds is a rich and colorful tapestry that helps us understand the values, practices, and strategies that have led to the daughters’ success. The daughters in our study come from a variety of familial, geographic, educational, and economic backgrounds.
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Smirnova, Oksana, Vladimir Korovkin, and Evgeny Plaksenkov. "Inclusive Disruption." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 153–86. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4148-6.ch005.
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This chapter discusses the important socioeconomic role of financial technologies in the emerging market which is Russia today. While the issues of financial inclusion are of recognized importance for the developing markets, until recently they were seen largely as areas of affirmative regulatory action, not of competitive play by private market actors. However, the advent of fintech companies changes the paradigm. Many fintech companies in Russia view the gaps in financial inclusion as attractive market niches and formulate relevant consumer offers. This chapter reviews their strategic approaches based on the study of five business cases, and introduces an analytical matrix mapping the approaches to existing inclusivity gaps. The model strengthens the existing policy aimed at developing financial inclusion as it allows a targeted cost-benefit analysis of market players' actions. As Russia demonstrates many of the financial inclusivity challenges seen in other countries, the findings of this chapter have certain applicability in the context of both emerging and advanced economies.
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Smirnova, Oksana, Vladimir Korovkin, and Evgeny Plaksenkov. "Inclusive Disruption." In Research Anthology on Concepts, Applications, and Challenges of FinTech, 345–70. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8546-7.ch019.
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This chapter discusses the important socioeconomic role of financial technologies in the emerging market which is Russia today. While the issues of financial inclusion are of recognized importance for the developing markets, until recently they were seen largely as areas of affirmative regulatory action, not of competitive play by private market actors. However, the advent of fintech companies changes the paradigm. Many fintech companies in Russia view the gaps in financial inclusion as attractive market niches and formulate relevant consumer offers. This chapter reviews their strategic approaches based on the study of five business cases, and introduces an analytical matrix mapping the approaches to existing inclusivity gaps. The model strengthens the existing policy aimed at developing financial inclusion as it allows a targeted cost-benefit analysis of market players' actions. As Russia demonstrates many of the financial inclusivity challenges seen in other countries, the findings of this chapter have certain applicability in the context of both emerging and advanced economies.
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Jerng, Mark C. "Racial Counterfactuals and the Uncertain Event of Emancipation." In Racial Worldmaking, 161–84. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823277759.003.0008.
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This chapter discusses alternate histories of the Civil War in relation to U.S. Equal Protection jurisprudence and race discrimination law. It shows how the racial counterfactual shapes what counts as discrimination in an important anti-affirmative action legal case, Ricci v. Destefano. In particular, it analyzes the prominent use of racial counterfactuals by the Supreme Court justices in order to organize the perception of race. It then surveys alternate histories of the U.S. Civil War and describes their logics of narrative explanation. Finally, it turns to Terry Bissons’ Fire on the Mountain and Steven Barnes’s Lion’s Blood as examples of a strategic use of the racial counterfactual in order to envision different understandings of racial freedom and equality.