Relevant bibliographies by topics / AfCFTA

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'AfCFTA'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 29 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "AfCFTA"

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Mustapha, Ayodele Haruna, and D. Adetoye. "Nigeria and the African Continental Free Trade Agreement Area (AFCFTA): Issues, Challenges and Prospect." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 2 (March 8, 2020): 237–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.72.7698.

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In order to improve intra-continental trade in Africa Union (AU) introduced the African Continental Force Trade Agreement Area (AFCTFA) to create single continental market for the free movement of goods and services within the African Continent. AU is progressively eliminating tariffs as well as non-tariff barrier to African trade through the AFCFTA which will make it easier for African businesses to trade within the continent and benefit from growing African market. Nigeria’s position on the AFCFTA remains that African economic and social integration must be rules-based and with built-in safeguard against injurious practices. AFCFTA is an important part of the AU – 2063 Agenda to promote economic and social integration on the continent. Agreement comprises of the framework, the protocols for trade in goods and trade in services and the mechanism for dispute resolution. AFCFTA is to facilitate economic growth and diversification through preferential access to Africa’s market. The paper examines Nigeria’s stands which states that continental aspirations must compliment Nigeria’s national interest which includes not positioning it as a dumping ground for finished goods. The paper makes use of secondary source of data to elicit information while it examines the challenges like how will the agreement be implemented on the ground without the necessary infrastructure being built without the procedural issues that makes corruption very possible at the borders. The paper adopts free trade theory to midwife the study.
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Tegegn, Yehualashet Tamiru. "AfCFTA’s Notification Options to WTO: Enabling Clause or Article XXIV Exception." Mizan Law Review 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 357–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mlr.v14i2.7.

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Since the formation of the Organization of African Unity (OAU), African countries envisage regional integration to enhance trade among themselves. This effort was preceded by the formation of the sub-regional economic groups which serve as building blocks towards a larger integration. Africa Continental Free Trade Agreement (hereinafter AfCFTA) came into force in May 2019. As per the procedural requirements of the WTO, AfCFTA should be notified either to WTO’s Committee on Trade and Development (CTD) if AfCFTA opts to use enabling clause exception; or it should be notified to the Committee on Regional Trade Agreement if AfCFTA opts to use Article XXIV of GATT/WTO exception. This comment examines under which exception AfCFTA should notify its integration. I argue that it is better for AfCFTA to notify its integration under Article XXIV of GATT/WTO to the Committee on Regional Trade Agreement rather than under enabling clause to the Committee on Trade and Development.
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Kanayo, Ogujiuba. "Structural Constraints to African Continental Free Trade Area: Prospects, Issues and Policy Options." Research in World Economy 12, no. 4 (July 19, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/rwe.v12n4p54.

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The foremost intents of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) predicates on the integration of the African continent into mobile flows of trade and investment. This framework is structured to boost industrial development within the continent. However, statistics show an abysmal trade performance for Africa in comparism to the rest of the world. In contrast, projections indicate that the benefactors of the AfCFTA framework would be SMEs in the short term, which account for more than 75% of the continent’s businesses. Notwithstanding Africa’s resolve to disassemble trade restrictions, barricades to intra-African trade have persisted. Conversely, the scheduling of AfCFTA stands in sharp contrast with an international perspective framed by a tenacious increase in trade-restrictive processes. The pertinent question remains, can the objectives of AfCFTA increase Intra African Trade, given the persistent structural barriers in the continent. Using a desktop approach and secondary data, this article examines contemporary issues, which encumber trade within and amongst the regional blocks. From our examination, the foremost obstacle to AfCFTA have a fundamental political focus rather than an economic dimension. Accomplishing AfCFTA objectives would entail a strong political will and efforts by political leaders in Africa; if the barriers are effectively fixed, AfCFTA could attain a welfare improvement projected at over 16 billion dollars.
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Nwankwo, Chidebe Matthew, and Collins Chikodili Ajibo. "Liberalizing Regional Trade Regimes Through AfCFTA: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of African Law 64, no. 3 (September 4, 2020): 297–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855320000194.

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AbstractThe ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) marked a landmark event in the quest to achieve intra-African free trade. AfCFTA is poised to represent the largest free trade area outside the World Trade Organization. Although AfCFTA aspires to liberalize intra-African trade in goods and services to foster socio-economic development, there are concerns that capacity constraints may stultify the underlying goals. AfCFTA is expected to build on the considerable successes already achieved by Africa's regional economic communities. However, it fails to clarify how the overlapping regimes will be reconciled and harmonized. Nevertheless, the agreement is laudable for its quest to facilitate intra-African trade, foster regional value chains that can facilitate integration into the global economy, and energize industrialization, competitiveness and innovation. This article examines the celebrated AfCFTA to understand its potential amid local realities and the possible implications for the multilateral trading system.
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Ngang, Carol Chi. "Right to Development Governance in the Advent of the African Continental Free Trade Area." Journal of African Law 65, no. 2 (June 2021): 153–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002185532100022x.

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AbstractIn this article, I explore the question of whether the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) could provide the framework mechanism for actualizing the right to development in Africa. The imperative for socio-economic and cultural development suggests rethinking the manner in which Africa is governed and, importantly, also the necessity of putting into place functional mechanisms in view of enacting the future that is envisaged for the continent. Article 22(2) of the African Charter enjoins state parties to individually or collectively undertake measures to give effect to the right to development. After several futile endeavours aimed at finding an appropriate mechanism for development, Africa eventually takes a giant stride in establishing the AfCFTA. From a decolonial perspective, I examine the prospects of the AfCFTA, particularly with regard to competing interests that dominate the African development space. At face value, the AfCFTA appears to provide an enabling framework for the nurturing of productive capabilities, the flourishing of local initiatives, the eradication of poverty and expanded opportunities for development. Notwithstanding, I contend that the inherently neoliberal nature of the AfCFTA leaves a further question of whether the free trade area is likely to deliver socio-economic and cultural development benefits to the peoples of Africa.
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Akinkugbe, Olabisi D. "Dispute Settlement under the African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement: A Preliminary Assessment." African Journal of International and Comparative Law 28, Supplement (November 2020): 138–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ajicl.2020.0335.

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The African Continental Free Trade Area Agreement (AfCFTA) will add a new dispute settlement system to the plethora of judicial mechanisms designed to resolve trade disputes in Africa. Given the discontent of member states and the limited impact that the existing highly legalised trade dispute settlement mechanisms have had on regional economic integration in Africa, this article undertakes a preliminary critical assessment of the AfCFTA Dispute Settlement Mechanism (DSM). The article situates the AfCFTA-DSM in the overall discontent and unsupportive practices of African states with highly legalised dispute settlement systems and similar WTO-styled DSMs among other shortcomings. Notwithstanding the transplantation of the WTO-styled DSM and the ineffectiveness of previous similar attempts in Africa, the article argues that the Consultation Phase offers the AfCFTA member states a realistic chance of engaging with the DSM. In conclusion, the article highlights other factors such as private sector involvement, the strategic operationalisation of the DSM, and geopolitical and power dynamics as critical to the success of the dispute settlement system.
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Pasara, Michael Takudzwa, and Nolutho Diko. "The Effects of AfCFTA on Food Security Sustainability: An Analysis of the Cereals Trade in the SADC Region." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 14, 2020): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041419.

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The signing of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) has stimulated a lot of trade potential in Africa that could see the continent significantly improving its intra-trade levels, thereby boosting the economic welfare of Africans. In light of food security sustainability in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, this paper employed the World Integrated Trade Solution, Software for Market Analysis and Restrictions on Trade (WITS-SMART) simulation model to assess the potential effects of the AfCFTA on trade in cereals. Cereals have been regarded as the most critical component of food security. The model indicated trading partners for each of the 15 SADC countries, their level of trade creation, trade diversion, consumer surplus, welfare and revenue effects of any regional trade agreement. The results indicated that the AfCFTA will only lead to positive outcomes in four (Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar and Namibia) of the fifteen SADC countries, with the rest remaining unchanged. In general, previously closed economies, that is, economies which were not part of a free trade agreement (FTA) or a deeper arrangement will stand to gain more than open economies because they are already opened up at the free trade level, which is equivalent to the AfCFTA. Thus, as far as cereals and food security is concerned, the AfCFTA will add minimal value. However, the overall value gains are likely to be greater when all food categories are included in the simulations. In general, the study recommends that African countries should deepen their integration levels to perhaps common markets where production factors, that is, labour and capital, become mobile. This will have multiplier effects in improving continental food security sustainability from a trade perspective.
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Gathii, James Thuo. "Agreement Establishing The African Continental Free Trade Area." International Legal Materials 58, no. 5 (October 2019): 1028–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ilm.2019.41.

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On May 30, 2019, the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) entered into force for the twenty-four countries that had deposited their instruments of ratification. When the remaining thirty-one member states of the African Union ratify it, the AfCFTA will cover a market of 1.2 billion people and a gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.5 trillion. That would make it the world's largest trade agreement since the World Trade Organization (WTO).
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Omphemetse S. Sibanda, Sr. "The Advent of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement as a Tool for Development." Foreign Trade Review 56, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732521995171.

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Modelled on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA), signed at the Extraordinary Summit of the African Union, which convened in Kigali, Rwanda, on 21 March 2018, is designed to facilitate a single continental trade regulation and integration framework for trade disciplines and intentioned to boost intra-Africa trade. AfCFTA came on the backdrop of not less than eight regional economic communities (RECs), which are loosely regulated. The study finds that AfCFTA can become a beacon of development in the African continent, provided an array of issues including addressing the multiplicity of RECs, putting in place a Development-focused migration and labour policy or developing a side labour agreement similar to that of NAFTA to address other issues like harmonisation of treatment and conditions of workforce and pursuing industrialisation that will help manage the negative spillovers of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). JEL Codes: C23, F10, F13, F14, F15, F17, F19, K33, K41
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Armel, Dr Kaze. "Understanding the African Continental Free Trade Area: Beyond “Single Market” to “Africa’s Rejuvenation” Analysis." Education, Society and Human Studies 1, no. 2 (July 12, 2020): p84. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/eshs.v1n2p84.

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While global trends continue to move from integration towards heightened protectionism, and retaliatory trade measures, African countries improved their intra-regional trade levels and deepened their regional integration by launching the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The AfCFTA seeks to deepen Africa’s market integration at regional and continental levels; smash down tariff barriers within Africa; boost intra-Africa trade; promote regional and continental value chains; and hopefully deliver Africa’s rejuvenation. However, Africa as a continent is facing many challenges, especially its notions and concepts of development, plus the complications caused by the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, questions are being aroused on whether African policy makers are prepared enough to overcome the AfCFTA related challenges. This article examines the mechanisms needed to fully implement the recently signed continental free trade area deal, its impact on Africa’s Regional Economic Communities (RECs), and what’s in it for Africa’s major economic partners. In this article, the author will also point out existing daunting challenges and give a series of policy recommendations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "AfCFTA"

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Almius, Cederstav Axel, and Rasmus Djerf. "It's fun to stay at the (Af)CFTA : A qualitative study of the AfCFTA's impact on manufacturing SMEs in Kenya." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104926.

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In the recent couple of years, African countries have conducted a free tradeagreement which will affect the whole African continent. Providing the largestfree trade agreement in history so far in terms of participating countries.AfCFTA provides new conditions and enhancement, aiming for Africa tobecome one single market and boosting intra-African trade. Countries such asKenya, has during recent years made changes and reforms which has enhancedits business environment for companies operating there. In addition, this thesisaims to investigate how the new free trade agreement is affecting KenyanSMEs in the manufacturing sector today, and how it will affect them in thefuture when the free trade agreement is fully implemented. To receive a deeperunderstanding about the subject, a qualitative method and an abductiveapproach have been conducted. Moreover, the theoretical framework derivesfrom internationalization theories commonly used and which benefits from theterms that the free trade agreement holds. The conceptual framework assumesthat international marketers experience different market prerequisites, thus theview of the internationalization process differs from one market to another.Therefore, our empirical findings derive from a multi-case study, whichinvestigate Kenyan manufacturing SMEs possibilities and difficulties tointernationalize on the African continent. The analysis presents the theoreticalframework and the empirical findings in the contrast and relation to each other.Finally, the conclusion chapter provides insights in opportunities anddifficulties still remaining for the AfCFTA to be fully implemented and forKenyan manufacturing SMEs to fully utilize the agreement. Also, limitationsand suggestions for future research is conducted in the chapter. The result ofthis research stipulates that there are still difficulties for Kenyanmanufacturing SMEs to utilize the agreement and that the agreement requirestime to provide a fully functional single market for Africa.
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Nagu, Yakubu Idisire. "From OAU To AFCTA - Analysing The Prospects For Economic Development In Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Law, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31066.

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On the 21st March 2018, leaders from across the African continent met at an extraordinary summit of the African Union (AU) in Kigali, Rwanda to sign a deal for the formation of an African continental free trade area (AfCFTA). This step is perhaps the biggest leap towards the age-long dream of cross-border economic integration on the African continent since the formation of the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1963. With the continent’s population expected to hit the two billion mark in 2050, it seems the pact could not have come at a better time. Africa, the subject of the agreement, consists of fifty- five States which collectively, is a 1.2 billion people large market however possessing a joint GDP of only $2.5 trillion dollars. If negotiations are concluded, the African continent would have succeeded in the creation of the largest free trade area since the Marrakesh agreement which led to the WTO governed multilateral trading system. Today the top trading partners of African Union member States are non-African countries. Only twenty per cent of Africa’s total trade is with its continental neighbours, whereas an estimated eighty per cent of its trade is with other trading partners across the world. The African continental free trade initiative aims to shift the trade paradigm in this regard, in a way that will increase the region’s share of its internal trade and consequently lead to growth and development. It is against this background that this work assesses the prospects of the new African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) towards meeting the goal of continental development. This research argues that the development integration approach is the most suitable option for the attainment of the ambitious goals of the initiative. In particular, the work explores the ways in which the new AfCFTA can manage the asymmetrical developmental needs of various African States. The research also assesses the dispute settlement mechanisms which are necessary to resolve friction which may arise as deeper levels of integration are attained.
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Strawbridge, Jennifer Ruth. "'According to the wisdom given to Him' : the use of the Pauline Epistles by early Christian writers before Nicaea." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:81a6546b-95e1-44ad-afca-f32d0b038db1.

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This thesis is a study of the interpretation and reception of the writings attributed to the apostle Paul based on the collation of references to Pauline texts in pre-Nicene Christian writings. The material is analysed utilising a method worked out by Teresa Morgan and Raffaella Cribiore to understand the nature and extent of indebtedness to literary authorities in ancient pedagogy. The application of their method means that the most frequently cited passages from the Pauline corpus become the focus for detailed examination, and a chapter is devoted to the following passages: 1 Corinthians 2.6-16, Ephesians 6.10-17, 1 Corinthians 15.50-58, and Colossians 1.15-20. In each chapter, selections from early Christian texts which use these passages are chosen for in-depth analysis because they are representative in their interpretative approaches of the totality of texts examined. Across many different early Christian writings, images and phrases from these Pauline pericopes were used to support and defend a wide range of theological arguments about the nature of divine wisdom and its contrast with human wisdom, the importance of standing firm in faith, the nature of resurrection and the body, and the nature of Christ. On the basis of the analysis throughout this thesis, conclusions are drawn firstly, about the close connection between scriptural interpretation and theological doctrines; secondly, about early Christian formation, separate from scholarly attempts to recover early Christian catechesis, school teaching, and pedagogy; and finally, about early Christian identity and how it is formed and informed by early Christian use of these four passages.
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Kinsella, Patricia. "Work, employment and careers in the ICT sector : a comparative study of the UK and Germany." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/work-employment-and-careers-in-the-ict-sector(eba6a01c-f51f-4703-afcf-32804cc2278c).html.

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By deploying a novel and original framework, comprising status, country and sector effects, this research study generates unique insights into work set-ups in the ICT sector in cross-national perspective and provides a distinctive approach to understanding the pertinent trends affecting work, employment and careers in this prominent sector, often regarded as the vanguard of change and innovation, thereby rendering it particularly useful for multi-level comparative research whilst taking into consideration a deliberate sector focus. The evaluation of a status effect, based on the different employment status of respondents, derived major themes impacting upon the individual career trajectories of workers, their motivation to pursue their respective career trajectories, perceptions of job security and self-sufficiency, and the acceptance of portfolio careers. Implying a degree of divergence persisting in the respective countries of work, the influence of a country effect evaluates the national context of respondents operating in the contrasting market economies of the UK and Germany, resulting in varying reflections on work pressure and the dynamics associated with the psychological contract. Exploring the influence of a sector effect stemming from the ICT sector facilitated the investigation of the pervasive trends therein, including the proliferation of atypical work set-ups and recognised skill shortages, providing an overarching perspective on its prevailing influence, potentially overriding the afore-mentioned effects, and ultimately resulting in convergence. Considered in their entirety, the nexus and interplay of the various effects by way of the “three-effect-framework” realised a holistic approach to conceptualising the experiences and perceptions of self-employed and employed knowledge workers in the ICT sector, thus underlining the original contribution made by this research study to existing literature.
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Lorho, Nina. "Stress corrosion cracking susceptibility in Alloy 600 with different strain histories." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/stress-corrosion-cracking-susceptibility-in-alloy-600-with-different-strain-histories(59eabd1d-b254-48bc-afca-e979f5d4e6c2).html.

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Lifetime prediction of components in Alloy 600 is a major concern for nuclear power plants. Alloy 600 components have been shown to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). In the 1990’s, an engineering model was developed in order to predict the life time as a function of the main macroscopic parameters (stress, environment, material), based on laboratory results. This model has since been used to predict the ranking of various Alloy 600 components, using the knowledges of the manufacturing and service conditions for each component. It was applied successfully in the case of forged control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) nozzles. However, it was found necessary to improve this model to account for the strain history of the different components. Predictions using the model, investigated from an array of test results on Alloy 600 in laboratory primary water, have demonstrated that the time for initiation differed significantly according to the strain path applied to the specimen. The present work is dedicated to assess SCC results from samples with different strain paths and different level of cold work in order to better understand the manufacturing conditions on SCC. The samples are machined in three different directions and tested at different durations in order to model the time for transition (transition between slow and fast propagation) as a function of cold work, strain path and stress. Thermomechanical treatments are also applied on two different heats of Alloy 600: forged WF675 (very susceptible to SCC in as received conditions) and rolled 78456/337 (non susceptible to SCC in as-received conditions) in order to transform the forged microstructure into a microstructure close to the rolled microstructure and vice-versa. These microstructures are then tested in primary conditions and the results are compared to the results obtained on as-received material in order to get a better understanding of manufacturing process and microstructure parameters regarding SCC behaviour.
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Hamilton, Elina G. "Walter of Evesham Abby and the intellectual milieu of fourteenth-century English music theory." Thesis, Bangor University, 2014. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/walter-of-evesham-abby-and-the-intellectual-milieu-of-fourteenthcentury-english-music-theory(2574584f-ccff-4f24-afcf-70a160635433).html.

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Mutubwa, Wilfred Akhonya. "Assessing the feasibility of the institutional design of an expanded and devolved trade and investment section of the African Court of Justice and Human Rights." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/27021.

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Africa has always aspired for the economic integration of its markets. This endeavour is evident right from the 1960s clamour for independence and shortly thereafter, as newly independent states. During this period African countries under the umbrella of the OAU underscored economic cooperation as the basis for intra-African relations. However, it was not until the year 1991, with the conclusion of the AEC Treaty, that the continent formally adopted a framework and roadmap towards continental economic integration. The 40-year roadmap towards a continental economic community was premised upon the two principles of harmonisation and devolution. Moreover, the six-stage integration process set out in Article 6 of the AEC Treaty identifies the eight RECs in Africa as the building blocks for the continent’s proposed single market and economic union. It also underpinned the economic integration of the continent on the harmonious co-existence of the RECs. A step-wise ambitious integration model was adopted under Article 6 of the AEC Treaty. The model envisaged the creation of a Free Trade Area (FTA), followed by a Customs Union, a Common Market and ultimately a fully-fledged Economic Union. As a first step towards the continental integration, the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) was unveiled in 2018. Cross border, intra-African trade, is bound to lead to a rise in investment and commercial transactions on the continent. This, in turn, will inevitably lead to disputes which require resolution. The economic integration of the continent is fast evolving under the aegis of the AU; whose dispute settlement system is currently also under review. Significantly, the AU has consolidated its dispute settlement mechanism, following the merger in 2008 of the ACJ and ACH&PR, into a single AU court, known as the African Court of Justice and Human Rights (ACJ&HR). It is within the context of the merged AU single court that this thesis grounds itself. It seeks to interrogate the adequacy of the continental trade and investment dispute settlement system and examines its viability within the consolidated AU dispute settlement system. While the AU led continental economic integration gains pace, the dispute settlement system, critical for the integration, is either lagging behind or is not receiving adequate attention. As a result, the dispute settlement systems created under the AEC and AfCFTA are incongruent with the principles of harmonisation and devolution, which underpin the continent’s economic integration goals. The recommendations proffered, align with the philosophy of harmonising and devolving the continental trade and investment dispute settlement system. The research proposes to locate the continental trade and investment dispute settlement within the AU single court system. The principal recommendation is not only to expand the Court’s jurisdiction in order to accommodate the trade and investment mandate, but also to use sub-regional REC judicial organs as courts of first instance for the ACJ&HR. A hierarchical order of the continental court system, with the single AU Court at the apex, is also proposed in this study as the supreme overarching supranational judicial organ.
Public, Constitutional, and International Law
LL.D.
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Sürig, Stefan. "Effekte der Antiepileptika Carbamazepin und Lamotrigin auf das Prostatakarzinom." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AFCA-B.

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Burgoa, Mauricio Alberto Marrone. "Adoption and Benefits of Standardized IT Management Processes: IT Executives Perceptions of ITIL and CobiT." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AFCF-1.

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Books on the topic "AfCFTA"

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IFAC/IFORS/IFIP/IASC/AFCET Conference on Economics and Artificial Intelligence (1986 Aix-en-Provence, France). Economics and artificial intelligence: Proceedings of the IFAC/IFORS/IFIP/IASC/AFCET Conference, Aix-en-Provence, France, 2-4 September, 1986. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, 1987.

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-L, Roos J., ed. Economics and artificial intelligence: Proceedings of the IFAC/IFORS/IFIP/IASC/AFCET conference, Aix-en-Provence, France, 2-4 September 1986. Oxford: Pergamon, 1987.

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Bouët, Antoine, Getaw Tadesse, and Chahir Zaki, eds. Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor 2021. AKADEMIYA2063, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54067/9781737916406.

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African countries have diversified both their exports and trade partners over the last decade, African agricultural trade still suffers from structural problems as well as exogenous shocks. Against this backdrop, the 2021 Africa Agriculture Trade Monitor (AATM) analyzes continental and regional trends in African agricultural trade flows and policies. The report finds that many African countries continue to enjoy the most success in global markets with cash crops and niche products. At the intra-African level, countries are becoming more interconnected in trade of key commodities, but there remain many potential but unexploited trade relationships. The report examines the livestock sector in detail, finding that despite its important role in Africa, the sector is concentrated in low value- added products that are informally traded. The report also examines trade integration in the Arab Maghreb Union (AMU), which remains limited due to factors including tariffs, nontariff measures, poor transport infrastructure, and weak institutions. Finally, the report discusses the implications of two major events affecting African trade in 2020 and 2021: the COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA).
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Engineers, Institute Of Electrical and Electronics. Afcea/IEEE Eurocomm 2000. Institute of Electrical & Electronics Enginee, 2000.

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Prybylowski, Douglas A. Review for the ASVAB AFCT. Comex Systems, 2001.

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Staff, Comex. Review for the ASVAB / AFCT. comex systems, inc., 2004.

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Cimbala, Stephen J. Soviet C3 (Afcea/Signal Magazine C3i Series, Vol 7). Afcea Intl Pr, 1988.

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Experts, Disha. AFCAT Topic-wise Solved Papers with 5 Practice Sets 5th Edition. Disha Publication, 2019.

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Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers., Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association (U.S.), IEEE Communications Society, and Informationstechnische Gesellschaft im VDE, eds. IEEE/AFCEA EUROCOMM 2000: Information systems for enhanced public safety and security. [New York]: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2000.

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Rockwell, James M. Tactical C 3 for the Ground Forces (Afcea/Signal Magazine C3i Series, Vol 4). Afcea Intl Pr, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "AfCFTA"

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Cilliers, Jakkie. "Trade and Growth." In The Future of Africa, 249–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46590-2_11.

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AbstractCilliers starts by exploring the modern history of international trade and the importance of trade to economic growth and global cooperation. The chapter then provides an overview of Africa’s trading partners, the need for greater regional integration in the continent and the challenges to achieving intra-regional cooperation. It examines the need to improve the quality of governance, bridge the infrastructure deficit and eventually focus on a manufacturing-led growth path. Reducing both tariff and non-tariff barriers could facilitate the successful implementation of African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), induce economic growth, increase per capita incomes and reduce poverty. A penultimate section models the potential impact of the AfCFTA on growth, poverty reduction and increased average incomes.
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Omoju, Oluwasola E., and Emily E. Ikhide. "Harnessing the AfCFTA for Economic Diversification in Nigeria: The Role of Trade Logistics and Infrastructure." In Strategic Policy Options for Bracing Nigeria for the Future of Trade, 159–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34552-5_6.

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Ali, Ndah Abu. "Building a Smart Deal for Nigeria in the AfCFTA Negotiations: Issues, Processes and Policy Directions." In Trade Facilitation Capacity Needs, 47–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05946-0_3.

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Fagbayibo, Babatunde. "The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) and the Imperative of Democratic Legitimacy: An Analysis." In Nigerian Yearbook of International Law 2018/2019, 393–410. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69594-1_17.

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Cerny, Dietrich, and Heinrich Kersten. "Eberhard Müller-von der Bank, AFCEA Bonn e.V." In Sicherheitsaspekte in der Informationstechnik, 1–3. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-83911-4_1.

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"Macroeconomic Impacts of AfCFTA." In The African Continental Free Trade Area: Economic and Distributional Effects, 41–55. The World Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1559-1_ch5.

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Assay, Benjamin Enahoro. "Implications of the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) on the Economy of African States." In Advances in Finance, Accounting, and Economics, 116–39. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7561-0.ch007.

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The failure of some African Union member-nations including Nigeria to endorse the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) that would create one of the largest free trade areas in the world has provoked a lot of controversies that are yet to be resolved. While some of the relevant stakeholders in the countries that have refused to sign the treaty are urging the heads of their countries' governments to withhold assent until when all the contending issues regarding the AfCFTA are amicably settled, others desire to have the agreement signed in order to harness its benefits for the continent. As the controversies rage, it appears that the implementation of the much awaited agreement has been put on hold, thus thwarting the progress of the continent. This chapter therefore wades through the controversies and points the way ahead for the AfCFTA to be acceptable by all.
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Sodipo, Babajide. "Governance for an effective AfCFTA." In Inclusive Trade in Africa, 120–33. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429401121-8.

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Gachuiri, Elizabeth. "Approaching competition policy in the AfCFTA." In Inclusive Trade in Africa, 167–76. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429401121-11.

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"Taking full advantage of the AfCFTA." In Assessing Regional Integration in Africa IX, 71–101. United Nations, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210042994c006.

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Conference papers on the topic "AfCFTA"

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Ayodele, Emmanuel, Oshogwe Akpogomeh, Freda Amuah, and Gloria Maduabuchi. "African Continental Free Trade Agreement: the Pros and Cons on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207164-ms.

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Abstract Nigeria has oil and gas as her major source of revenue, accounting for more than 80% of her foreign exchange, with the AfCFTA, that has been signed and ratified not just by Nigeria but by other African countries taking away tariffs on goods and services produced across the continent irrespective of the market where it's been sold. The AfCFTA being the second largest free trade agreement in the history of World Trade Organization is aimed at uniting African markets. This paper aims to review the framework of the continental free trade agreement, it pros and cons, its grey area, and its impact on the Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria. The impact of the agreement on the local industries servicing the oil and gas industry is considered as well. The paper reviews the possible advantage of the AfCFTA on the Nigerian oil and gas market. The possible threats to nationalization in the oil and gas industry due to the availability of cheap labour and technical expertise across the continent in the country is analyzed. Solutions to protect the oil and gas industry in Nigeria is recommended as well.
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Mazlan, Ahmad Zhafran Ahmad, and Haziq Jamaludin. "Performance Comparison of the PID-AFCCA and PID-AFCFL Controllers in Reducing the Vibration of the Suspended Handle." In the 6th International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3284516.3284524.

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"MILCOM '86 Unclassified Sessions IEEE/AFCEA Sponsored." In MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.1986.4805813.

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"MILCOM '86 Classified Sessions DoD/AFCEA Sponsored." In MILCOM 1986 - IEEE Military Communications Conference: Communications-Computers: Teamed for the 90's. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.1986.4805814.

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"MILCOM '85 Unclassified Sessions - IEEE/AFCEA Sponsored." In MILCOM 1985 - IEEE Military Communications Conference. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/milcom.1985.4795096.

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"AFCA 2016 Workshop Organization." In 2016 Fourth International Symposium on Computing and Networking (CANDAR). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/candar.2016.0010.

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Griffith, Andrew, John Boger, and Jeffrey Perry. "The Advanced Fuel Cycle Facility (AFCF) Role in the Global Nuclear Energy Partnership." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48190.

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The Global Nuclear Energy Partnership (GNEP), launched in February, 2006, proposes to introduce used nuclear fuel recycling in the United States (U.S.) with improved proliferation-resistance and a more effective waste management approach. This program is evaluating ways to close the fuel cycle in a manner that introduces the most advanced technologies of today and builds on recent breakthroughs in U.S. national laboratories while drawing on international and industry partnerships. Central to moving this advanced fuel recycling technology from the laboratory to commercial implementation is the development and siting of three proposed GNEP facilities: the Consolidated Fuel Treatment Center (CFTC), the Advanced Burner Reactor (ABR), and the Advanced Fuel Cycle Facility (AFCF). These three projects are envisioned to introduce used fuel separations, advanced fuel fabrication, and fast reactor technology in a manner that efficiently recycles material, produces the most energy out of the existing inventory of used fuel, and improves our ability to manage nuclear waste. The CFTC and ABR will depend on industry involvement and will not be covered by this paper. This paper will cover key considerations for the AFCF. The AFCF will provide the U.S. with the capabilities required to evaluate technologies that separate used fuel into reusable material and waste in a proliferation-resistant manner. The separations technology demonstration capability is coupled with a remote transmutation fuel fabrication demonstration capability in an integrated manner that demonstrates advanced safeguard technologies.
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"IEEE/AFCEA EUROCOMM 2000. Information Systems for Enhanced Public Safety and Security (Cat. No.00EX405)." In Proceedings on Information Systems for Enhanced Public Safety and Security (EUR-Comm 2000). IEEE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eurcom.2000.874758.

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Imani, B., A. Ghanbari, and S. M. R. S. Noorani. "Modeling, path planning and control of a planar five-link bipedal robot by an adaptive fuzzy computed torque controller (AFCTC)." In 2013 First RSI/ISM International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrom.2013.6510080.

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Hisada, Yohei, Masahiro Yasunaga, and Yasuhiro Matsumura. "Abstract 1645: Characterization of a novel anti-insoluble-fibrin chimeric antibody (AFCA) for cancer stromal target (CAST) therapy and diagnosis." In Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC. American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-1645.

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Reports on the topic "AfCFTA"

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Purcell, M. R., and C. R. Hollopeter. AFCESA Geotechnical Centrifuge. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada271174.

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Chen, Won-Zon, and Thomas J. Molnar. Autonomous Flight Control Sensing Technology (AFCST) Program Phase I - Capability Goals and Sensing Requirements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada405581.

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Uriell, Zannette A. Comparing Paper-and-Pencil and Web-based Test Results: An Equating Study for AFCT Form 19G. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada485568.

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