Journal articles: 'Afbrot'

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Shelley, Rowland M. "A FOURTH BAHAMIAN RECORD OF THE MILLIPED, AMPHELICTOGON SUBTERRANEUS BAHAMIENSIS CHAMBERLIN, 1918 (POLYDESMIDA: CHELODESMIDAE)." Entomological News 118, no. 3 (May 2007): 323–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3157/0013-872x(2007)118[323:afbrot]2.0.co;2.

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VILELA, L. M. B., W. V. MACÊDO, and E. L. C. AMORIM. "BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM CASSAVA WASTEWATER AND DOMESTIC SEWAGE IN AN ANAEROBIC FLUIDIZED BED REACTOR." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 47, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2017.293.

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This study addresses hydrogen production in two anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) that were fed with cassava wastewater and domestic sewage. The reactors were operated at hydraulic retention times of 4-3 h (AFBR 1) and 4 h (AFBR 2). The maximum hydrogen yields (HY) and the maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) were, respectively, 0.93 mol H2.mol glucose-1 and 1.69 L.h-1.L-1 (AFBR 1) for the AFBR 1, and 2.03 mol H2.mol glucose-1 and 0.95 L.h-1.L-1 for AFBR 2. The hydrogen content ranged from 2.25 to 23.25% (AFBR 1) and from 7 to 50.75% (AFBR 2). The hydrogen content increased significantly when the amount of domestic sewage decreased, that is, higher concentrations of cassava wastewater in the substrate favors the hydrogen production. Acetic acid was the predominant metabolite that was soluble in both reactors, indicating that the hydrogen production rate and the hydrogen yield made the acetic acid pathway predominant. The association between cassava wastewater and domestic sewage favored biohydrogen production satisfactorily.

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Minke, R., and U. Rott. "Anaerobic treatment of split flow wastewater and concentrates from the textile processing industry." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 1 (July 1, 1999): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0037.

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Under anaerobic conditions an almost complete decolorization of many dyes, an efficient COD-removal and a digestion of substances that are refractory under aerobic conditions can be obtained. Therefore anaerobic processes can be used to treat highly loaded split flows and concentrates from the textile processing industry (TPI). Using a large number of biodegradability tests on a bench scale, different types of commercial textile auxiliaries, dyes, real split flow effluents from desizing and dyeing processes and real residual printing pastes were tested in regard to their anaerobic biodegradability. Investigations with anaerobic fixed bed reactors (AFBR) showed that it is possible to treat effluents containing a high organic load from desizing processes and highly coloured effluents from exhaust dyeing processes together resulting in high COD-removal and nearly complete decolorization. With respect to the further aerobic removal of the remaining organic load of the AFBR's effluents it could be seen that the decrease of COD-elimination in AFBR resulting from high portions of effluents from exhaust dyeing processes and short hydraulic retention times is compensated by an increase in aerobic BOD-elimination.

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Prakash, R., and K. J. Kennedy. "Kinetics of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor using biolite carrier." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 23, no. 6 (December 1, 1996): 1305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l96-939.

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Start-up and steady state operation of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) with biolite as the inert carrier material was studied. Start-up and concomitant biofilm development of AFBRs was performed using two common start-up techniques, the maximum efficiency profile (MEP) technique and the maximum load profile (MLP) technique. The MEP start-up technique increases the volumetric organic loading rates to the reactor gradually and is tied to the removal efficiency of the process. The MLP start-up technique maintains a moderately high but constant volumetric organic loading rate irrespective of reactor performance. Using sucrose-based wastewater as feed, both start-up techniques led to equally fast biofilm development and start-up times of approximately 5 weeks. However, the MEP technique resulted in more stable controlled reactor operation during the start-up period. The quick start-up confirms the high compatibility of biolite for bio-adhesion and the development of a healthy active biofilm.High concentrations of biofilm biomass achieved in AFBRs (69 g volatile biofilm solids (VBS)/L of expanded bed volume at an organic loading rate of 25 g COD/(Lùd)) allowed the successful treatment of wastewaters at high organic loading rates and organic removal efficiencies. During steady state experiments, organic removal efficiencies over 80% were obtained for organic loading rates as high as 20 g COD/(L∙d). It was found that the dependence of removal efficiency on hydraulic retention time is influenced by substrate concentration. Total biofilm yield was determined to be 0.08 g VBS/g COD removed, demonstrating the low net synthesis of solids in the AFBR. AFBRs had an average solids retention time of 150 days, corresponding to a washout factor of 0.01. Extrinsic kinetics of the AFBRs was determined to be zero order with a maximum specific utilization rate of 0.48 g COD/(g VBS∙d).AFBRs used to treat municipal landfill leachate with a BOD5:COD ratio of 0.86 achieved steady state COD removal efficiencies that ranged from 70% to 87%, depending on the reactor organic loading rate and the concentration of the leachate being treated. During leachate treatment, biofilm biomass gradually became "mineralized" as a result of precipitation of metal sulfides and carbonates. This eventually resulted in a decrease in biofilm microbial activity and the need for higher pumping rates to maintain the same degree of bed expansion. Key words: anaerobic, biological fluidized bed reactor, biolite, landfill leachate, sucrose, modeling, start-up, steady state kinetics.

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Mah, Jae-Hyung, and Jae-Hyuk Yu. "Upstream and Downstream Regulation of Asexual Development in Aspergillus fumigatus." Eukaryotic Cell 5, no. 10 (October 2006): 1585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00192-06.

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ABSTRACT The opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus produces a large quantity of asexual spores (conidia), which are the primary agent causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. We investigated the mechanisms controlling asexual sporulation (conidiation) in A. fumigatus via examining functions of four key regulators, GpaA (Gα), AfFlbA (RGS), AfFluG, and AfBrlA, previously studied in Aspergillus nidulans. Expression analyses of gpaA, AfflbA, AffluG, AfbrlA, and AfwetA throughout the life cycle of A. fumigatus revealed that, while transcripts of AfflbA and AffluG accumulate constantly, the latter two downstream developmental regulators are specifically expressed during conidiation. Both loss-of-function AfflbA and dominant activating GpaAQ204L mutations resulted in reduced conidiation with increased hyphal proliferation, indicating that GpaA signaling activates vegetative growth while inhibiting conidiation. As GpaA is the primary target of AfFlbA, the dominant interfering GpaAG203R mutation suppressed reduced conidiation caused by loss of AfflbA function. These results corroborate the hypothesis that functions of G proteins and RGSs are conserved in aspergilli. We then examined functions of the two major developmental activators AfFluG and AfBrlA. While deletion of AfbrlA eliminated conidiation completely, null mutation of AffluG did not cause severe alterations in A. fumigatus sporulation in air-exposed culture, implying that, whereas the two aspergilli may have a common key downstream developmental activator, upstream mechanisms activating brlA may be distinct. Finally, both AffluG and AfflbA mutants showed reduced conidiation and delayed expression of AfbrlA in synchronized developmental induction, indicating that these upstream regulators contribute to the proper progression of conidiation.

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Døssing, Kristina Villekjær. "Afbrydelser og forstyrrelse på en akutafdeling." Dansk Tidsskrift for Akutmedicin 2, no. 4 (July 5, 2019): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/akut.v2i4.113967.

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Baggrund Sygeplejersker på en akutafdeling får flere og flere funktioner. Patienterne skal plejes og behandles, og behandlingen skal koordineres med patient, læge, pårørende, samt nye patienter skal modtages. De mange kontakter stiller store krav til sygeplejerskens kognitive evner, og det kræver, at sygeplejersken hele tiden skal bevare overblikket, så der ikke opstår fejl. Formål Formålet med opgaven var at undersøge omfanget af afbrydelser, og hvordan afbrydelser påvirker sygeplejerskens koncentration, og i hvor høj grad afbrydelser påvirker patientsikkerheden. Metode Der blev anvendt en kvalitativ metode med feltobservation i egen afdeling på akutafdelingen på Hospitalsenhed Midt i Viborg. Seks sygeplejersker blev observeret i én vagt på seks forskellige dage. Vagterne var af 8 timers varighed og var delt mellem dagvagter og aftenvagter. En afbrydelse blev defineret, som en personlig eller telefonisk henvendelse på et tidspunkt, hvor sygeplejersken allerede var i gang med en anden opgave, samt patientklokker fra alle stuer på afsnittet, som alarmerede på telefonen. Afbrydelsen kunne både være af mere hastende karakter end den opgave sygeplejersken stod med i forvejen eller mindre hastende karakter. Resultater På de seks observationsdage blev sygeplejersken afbrudt i gennemsnit cirka 11 gange i timen, svarende til cirka hvert 5. minut. Cirka 50% af afbrydelserne var patientklokker og cirka 25 % af afbrydelserne var det en anden sygeplejerske, som afbrød. Sygeplejersken var, trods stort pres på nogle af observationsdage, gode til at holde alle bolde i luften og vende tilbage til de afbrudte opgaver. Det blev vurderet, at patientsikkerheden ikke var i fare, da de sygeplejersker, der blev observeret udviste rummelighed og overskud. Der blev observeret én enkelt episode, hvor sygeplejersken ikke fik udleveret smertestillende medicin rettidigt. Hun kom dog i tanke om det efter cirka 30 minutter, hvorfor det ikke blev vurderet, som en trussel for patientsikkerheden. Konklusion Sygeplejersker i dagvagt og aftenvagt i en akutafdeling oplever mange afbrydelser i løbet af vagten. De afbrydelser, der blev observeret i studieperioden, kompromitterede dog ikke patientsikkerheden. Det vurderes alligevel, det er værd at mindske afbrydelserne, så de, der forekommer, er af mere væsentlig karakter.

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Turan, M., and I. Öztürk. "Longitudinal dispersion and biomass hold-up of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 5-6 (September 1, 1996): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0583.

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Longitudinal dispersion in fluidized bed reactors was studied using pulse-response techniques for both clean and anaerobic-biofilm coated media. A large number of experimental data on the longitudinal dispersion and biofilm growth in the anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBRs) were investigated. Some correlations applicable to fluidized beds were obtained for both the hydraulic retention time and the biomass concentration versus the ratio Pe/Re. The biomass concentration tends to zero for a critical retention time in AFBRs. The biological growth in the bed causes an increase of Pe number.

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Budhijanto, Wiratni, Sholahuddin Al Ayyubi, and Khalid Abdul Latif. "Evaluasi Rangkaian Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) dan Micro Bubble Generator (MBG) untuk Pengolahan Air Lindi Sampah." Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia 18, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jtki.2019.18.1.1.

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Abstrak. Timbulan air lindi adalah masalah serius pada tempat pengolahan sampah akhir (TPA) di Indonesia. Kandungan komponen organik pada sampah Indonesia yang mencapai 70-75% dari total timbulan sampah menyebabkan tingginya produksi lindi sebagai cairan hasil pembusukan. Studi ini bertujuan mengoptimalkan proses pembersihan air lindi dengan rangkaian proses anaerob yang diikuti dengan proses aerob pada skala mini pilot plant. Peruraian anaerobik dijalankan dalam anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) dengan media imobilisasi mikroorganisme yang difluidisasi. Tahap selanjutnya adalah proses peruraian secara aerob dengan aerasi menggunakan micro bubble generator (MBG). Pilot plant yang didirikan di tempat pengolahan akhir (TPA) Piyungan di Yogyakarta ini terdiri atas AFBR dengan volume 500 L dan bak aerasi dengan MBG berukuran 500 L. Pengamatan data kualitas air (soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) dan volatile fatty acid (VFA)) pada input/output AFBR dan input/output MBG serta volume biogas yang dihasilkan di AFBR dilakukan secara berkala selama 70 hari start-up di mana reaktor mulai dioperasikan secara kontinu setelah inokulasi secara batch dan 50 hari operasional pada kondisi steady state. Walaupun telah dioperasikan selama lebih dari sebulan, performa AFBR setelah tercapai kondisi steady state belum optimal karena baru mencapai kurang lebih 30% pengurangan kandungan senyawa organik. Performa yang lebih baik teramati pada proses aerob dengan aerasi menggunakan MBG. Proses tersebut berhasil menurunkan sCOD sampai 60%. Studi awal ini menunjukkan bahwa rangkaian AFBR dan MBG berpotensi untuk mengatasi masalah pencemaran air lindi di TPA. Optimalisasi kinerja unit ini terutama ditentukan oleh proses start-up yang dipengaruhi oleh teknik inokulasi. Kata Kunci: fluidisasi, imobilisasi mikrobia, lindi, peruraian aerob, peruraian anaerob, sampah. Abstract. Evaluation of Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) and Micro Bubble Generator (MBG) for Landfill Leachate Treatment. Landfill leachate emission is a very serious problem in Indonesian landfill sites. High organic fraction in Indonesian garbage, which accounts for 70-75% of total municipal solid waste amount, emits high flow rate of leachate as the result of decay process. This study aims to optimize landfill leachate treatment by means of anaerobic process followed by aerobic process. The anaerobic digestion was carried out in AFBR in which microbial immobilization media was fluidized. The next stage was aerobic digestion by applying novel aeration technology using MBG. The pilot plant was installed in Piyungan Landfill Site in Yogyakarta, which consisted of 500 L AFBR and 500 L MBG units. Observation was conducted periodically for 70 days of start-up when the unit was operated continuously after batch inoculation followed by 50 days of steady-state operation. The measurement was taken as soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) on the input/output of AFBR and input/output of MBG. The biogas volume production in the AFBR was also measured. AFBR performance was not optimal since even after achieving a steady state condition (for one-month operation), it could only reduce less than 30% organic content. A better performance was observed in the aerobic process where MBG was used for the aeration. It could reduce 60% of sCOD. This preliminary study showed that the coupling of AFBR and MBG units is potential for landfill leachate treatment. Optimization of this unit depended on the inoculation technique during the start-up period. Keywords: aerobic digestion, anaerobic digestion, fluidization, landfill leachate, microbial immobilization, municipal solid waste. Graphical Abstract

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Rajamohan, Rajaram, Sundarajulu Kothai Nayaki, and Meenakshisundaram Swaminathan. "Spectrofluorimetric Study on Inclusion Complexation of 2-Amino-6-fluorobenzothiazole with β-Cyclodextrin." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 2 (2008): 147–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080147.

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The interaction between 2-amino-6-fluorobenzothiazole (AFBT) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CDx) has been investigated in aqueous solution and in the solid state. The stoichiometry and binding constant of the complex between AFBT and β-CDx in solution were determined by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectral data and SEM images of the solid complex confirmed the formation of inclusion complex. The proton transfer behaviour of AFBT has been investigated in aqueous and β-CDx solutions.

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Prasetyo, Elli. "Evaluasi Hydraulic Retention Time (Hrt) Terhadap Removal Chemical Demand (Cod) Dalam Pengolahan Air Lindi Menggunakan Aerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR)." Jurnal Migasian 2, no. 2 (December 30, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36601/jurnal-migasian.v2i2.28.

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Sampah merupakan masalah utama disetiap kota besar di indonesia. Tumpukan sampah menghasilkan air lindi dengan kandungan organik yang tinggi. Beban organik yang tinggi dan meningkatnya laju alir lindi memerlukan kolam aerasi yang luas untuk mengolah lindi. Salah satu metode pengolahan air lindi yang tepat dan efisien dengan menggunakan proses anaerobik. Anaerobic Fludized Bed Reaktor (AFBR) merupakan salah satu reactor anaerobic dengan efisiensi tinggi. Zeolit digunakan sebagai media imobilisasi bakteri untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan secara anaerobic pada reactor AFBR. Penyesuaian model kinetika dilakukan pada tahap awal menggunakan data reactor fase batch untuk diaplikasikan pada AFBR fase continyu. Model kinetika untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) terhadap removal Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) AFBR dengan zeolit sebagai media imobilisasi. Eksperimen dilakukan dalam tiga fase, yaitu fase batch, fase start-up, dan fase steady state. Fase batch bertujuan untuk menentukan konstanta model kinetika. Fase start-up bertujuan untuk memverifikasi konstanta model yang ditentukan dengan data batch pada AFBR saat masa start up. Fase steady state bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh HRT selama reactor beroperasi. Reaktor AFBR mencapai kondisi steady state tercepat pada HRT 10 dengan removal COD 73,40%. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa mikroorganisme tidak mengalami washout bahkan pada laju beban organik yang lebih tinggi sehingga mikroorganisme dapat menstabilkan populasinya. Data menunjukkan bahwa sCOD effluen (SCODeff) lindi TPA Piyungan mencapai nilai terendah pada kisaran 2.000 – 2.500 mg/L, Produksi biogas mengikuti fluktuasi nilai sCODeff. Pada kondisi steady state, nilai ini tidak dipengaruhi oleh HRT.

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Sánchez Ortiz, Iván Andrés, Gleyce Teixeira Correia, Dib Gebara, Milton Dall’Aglio Sobrinho, and Tsunao Matsumoto. "Phosphorus removal in different wastewater by fluidized bed airlift reactors with internal circulation." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 67 (August 16, 2013): 172–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.16320.

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The wastewater discharge produces impacts on receiving water bodies. Nutrients as P produce implications on lentic systems because they accelerate the eutrophication processes. Several technologies for P removal from the wastewater have been used: physic chemical treatment systems with important effects by coagulant products addition; biological processes based on anaerobic and aerobic conditions with great implications on the required volume; natural systems as stabilization ponds and irrigation require bigger areas and post-treatment processes. The aerobic fluidized bed reactors with internal circulation (AFBRIC) are compact options with high concentrations of active biomass that have demonstrated their capacity for organic matter and N removal. For sewage from the wastewater pumping station of Ilha Solteira city and effluents of a recirculation aquaculture system (RAS) for semi-intensive tilapia farming, the reactive P and total P removal efficiency in three AFBRIC with 250 mm external tube diameter and different internal tube diameter (ITD), for two different support media at different concentrations was evaluated. The average reactive P removal efficiency for domestic wastewater to hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 3 hours and 125 mm ITD reactor varied from 25,6 to 38,4% and with 150 mm ITD reactor varied from 27,5 to 32,5%; the average total P removal for the RAS wastewater at a HRT of 0,19 hours and 100 mm ITD was of 32,7%.

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Busck, Ole. "Hvor blev medarbejderdeltagelsen i virksomhedernes miljøarbejde af?" Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2005): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v7i4.108514.

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Selv om forskning har påvist et stort potentiale for organisationsudvikling og miljøforbedringer ved brug af medarbejderressourcen i virksomheder, er de fleste forsøg med deltagelse løbet ud i sandet eller afbrudt, og det synes småt med deltagelsen i dagens virksomheder. Uindfriede forventninger om humanisering af arbejdslivet og mere bæredygtighed i virksomheder gennem deltagelse står uforklarede. Artiklen søger gennem et overblik over forskningserfaringerne og de indvirkende samfundsmæssige vilkår at forklare paradokset og de udeblevne perspektiver. Forudsætninger og barrierer for aktivering af medarbejderpotentialet og deltagelse i organisatoriske forandringsprocesser søges identificeret tillige med betingelserne for organisatorisk og institutionel forankring af deltagelsen.

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Anderson, G. K., I. Ozturk, and C. B. Saw. "Pilot-Scale Experiences on Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Brewery Wastes." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 9 (September 1, 1990): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0078.

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This paper covers the results of a pilot-plant study on the Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Reactor (AFBR) treatment of brewery wastes. The AFBR was operated over a wide range of organic and hydraulic loading rates for a study period of more than eight months. The reactor consisted of a clear PVC column with a diameter of 165 mm and 3 m in height. Sand having a median diameter of 0.5 mm was used as the medium. The AFBR was fed with wastewaters collected from a local brewery. A COD removal efficiency of greater than 75% was observed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 8.9 kg COD/m3 of expended bed/day for 82 days from start-up. The OLR was increased to greater than 14 kg COD/m3.d and a COD to methane conversion of 87% was achieved. Effects of OLR and COD removal efficiency on gas flowrate and on gas composition as well as concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and volatile acids (VA) were investigated. It was observed that biomass distribution along the height of the AFBR was not uniform and a strong stratification of biomass exists between the upper and lower parts of the system. The ecological structure of biomass was examined by SEM and clumps of methanogenic bacteria were identified. The Monod kinetic parameters were determined using steady-state operating data and compared to similar results given in the literature for the same waste.

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Štern, Alja, Veronika Furlan, Matjaž Novak, Martina Štampar, Zala Kolenc, Katarina Kores, Metka Filipič, Urban Bren, and Bojana Žegura. "Chemoprotective Effects of Xanthohumol against the Carcinogenic Mycotoxin Aflatoxin B1." Foods 10, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 1331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10061331.

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The present study addresses the chemoprotective effects of xanthohumol (XN), a prenylated flavonoid found in the female inflorescences (hops) of the plant Humulus lupulus L., against the carcinogenic food contaminant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The chemical reactions of XN and its derivatives (isoxanthohumol (IXN), 8-prenylnaringenin (8-PN), and 6-prenylnaringenin (6-PN)) with the AFB1 metabolite, aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), were investigated in silico, by calculating activation free energies (ΔG‡) at the Hartree–Fock level of theory in combination with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and two implicit solvation models. The chemoprotective effects of XN were investigated in vitro in the metabolically competent HepG2 cell line, analyzing its influence on AFB1-induced cytotoxicity using the MTS assay, genotoxicity using the comet and γH2AX assays, and cell cycle modulation using flow cytometry. Our results show that the ΔG‡ required for the reactions of XN and its derivatives with AFBO are comparable to the ΔG‡ required for the reaction of AFBO with guanine, indicating that XN, IXN, 8-PN, and 6-PN could act as scavengers of AFBO, preventing DNA adduct formation and DNA damage induction. This was also reflected in the results from the in vitro experiments, where a reduction in AFB1-induced cytotoxicity and DNA single-strand and double-strand breaks was observed in cells exposed to combinations of AFB1 and XN, highlighting the chemoprotective effects of this phytochemical.

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Ramadhani, Laily Isna, Sri Ismiyati Damayanti, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo, Muhammad Mufti Azis, and Wiratni Budhijanto. "The Impact of Hydraulic Retention Time on the Biomethane Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) in Two-Stage Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2021.20639.

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Indonesia is currently the most significant crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. In the production ofCPO, 0.7m3 of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is emitted as the wastewater for every ton of fresh fruit bunches processed in the palm oil mill.With the increasing amount of CPO production, an effective POME treatment system is urgently required to prevent severe environmental damage. The high organic content in the POME is a potential substrate forbio-methane production. The biomethane production is carried out by two groups of microbes, i.e., acidogenic and methanogenic microbes. Each group of bacteria performs optimally at different optimum conditions. To optimize the biomethane production, POME was treated sequentially by separating the acidogenic and methanogenic microbes into two stages of anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR). The steps were optimized differently according to the favorable conditions of each group of bacteria. Although perfect separation cannot be achieved, this study showed that pH control could split the domination of the bacteria, i.e., the first stage (maintained at pH 4-5) was dominated by the acidogenic microbes and the second stage (kept neutral) was governed by methanogens. In addition to the pH control, natural zeolitewas added as microbial immobilization media in the AFBR to improve the performance of the microorganisms, especially in preventing microbial wash out at short hydraulic retention time (HRT). This study was focused on the understanding of the effect of HRT on the performance of steady-state continuous AFBR. The first stage as the acidogenic reactorwas rununder acidic conditions (pH 4-5) at five different HRTs. In comparison, the second stage as the methanogenic reactorwasrun under the neutral condition at four different HRTs. In this work,short HRT (5 days) resulted in better performance in both acidogenic AFBR and methanogenic AFBR. The immobilization media was hence essential to reduce the risk of washout at such a short HRT. The two-stage system also resulted in quite a high percentage of soluble chemical oxygen demand (sCOD) removal, which was as much as 96.06%sCOD.

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Gissel, Svend. "Stemninger på Det kgl. Bibliotek i sommeren 1846." Bibliotekshistorie 4, no. 1 (June 10, 1992): 40–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/bh.v4i1.35888.

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I begyndelsen af juli måned 1846 besluttede en kreds af bibliotekarer på Det kgl. Bibliotek i København at sende en »generalskrivelse« til deres gode ven og kollega C.J. A. Philipsen, som af helbredsgrunde havde afbrudt en tjenesterejse i Tyskland og var taget på kurophold i Karlsbad i Böhmen. Philipsen, der fungerede som amanuensis ved biblioteket, havde selv i et brev til institutionens samlende midtpunkt, bibliotekssekretær J. A. Bølling, opfordret de hjemmeværende til i fællesskab at lade høre fra sig og ikke mindst fortælle om deres ferieplaner, efter at han først havde omtalt de lidelser, der havde givet anledning til afbrydelsen afrejsen. Philipsen havde gennemgående et dårligt helbred og døde to år efter, kun 40 år gammel.

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Wegener, Charlotte, and Marie Aakjær. "Smidt ud og brændt af — to historier om sammenbrudsdrevet arbejdslivsforskning." Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/tfa.v16i3.108973.

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Mange metoder i arbejdslivsforskning indebærer at man som forsker får adgang til det empiriske felt og kommer tæt på de mennesker, ting og steder man studerer. Men hvad stiller man op når kontakten til feltet bliver afbrudt, ændret radikalt eller når man slet ikke kan komme i gang som planlagt? Når man som forsker bliver smidt ud eller brændt af? Artiklens pointe er at manglende adgang til feltet kan forstås som sammenbrud. Men sammenbrud er ikke nødvendigvis fejl der skal rettes og forlades hurtigst muligt for at genoprette en sammenhængende og 'pæn' forskningsproces. Sammenbruddet giver en unik mulighed for at udfordre forskerens forforståelser og teoretiske frameworks. Når sammenbrud fungerer som udgangspunkt for refleksiv praksis åbnes for nye perspektiver på det empiriske felt, men også for nye teoretiske perspektiver og dermed mulighed for teoriudvikling.

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Fernández, N., S. Montalvo, L. Guerrero, E. Sánchez, I. Cortés, and L. Travieso. "Anaerobic fluidized bed reactor application to tropical fruit wine effluent." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 2 (July 1, 2007): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.469.

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The influence of the organic loading rate (OLR), the fluidization level (FL) and the particle diameter of natural zeolite used as support (DP), was evaluated at a laboratory scale anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR), treating tropical fruit wine effluent (vinasse). The experiment was carried out at an OLR from 2–5 kg COD/m3 d, FL of 20 and 40% and DP from 0.25 to 0.80 mm. It was demonstrated that OLR and FL had a slight influence on chemical oxygen demand removal and strong influence on the methane production rate. The COD removal was slightly higher for the higher particle diameter used. Additionally using the scanning electron microscope (SEM), it was observed that natural zeolites have excellent physical characteristics as a support medium in AFBR.

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Damayanti, Sri Ismiyati, Simparmin B. Ginting, Amelia Virgiyani Sofyan, Alip Tania Putri, and Wiratni Budhijanto. "Utilization of Lampung Natural Zeolite as Immobilization Media on Biogas Production from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)." Materials Science Forum 929 (August 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.18.

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Lampung is one of provinces with wide area of palm oil plantations and processing industries in Indonesia. Each palm oil mill produces 0.7-1 m3of POME per ton of fresh palm bunches and pollutes the environment when untreated. Furthermore, Lampung is also a region with abundant Natural Zeolites (ZAL) availability. This research was performed to study the influences of modified ZAL as the microorganisms immobilization media (Biocarrier) in biogas production of POME. Hereafter, ZAL as Biocarrier will be applied on Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR). AFBR with biocarrier will have higher efficiency than conventional biogas reactor. Furthermore the vertical design of the AFBR does not require excessive land. Modification of ZAL was conducted to provide appropriate place for microorganisms, especially methanogen. This research was started by physical modification of ZAL (CV. Minatama, Lampung), followed by impregnation of ZAL by Fe2+and Mg2+. Each of the modified ZAL was analyzed by XRF, then characterized by XRD and FTIR before used. Based on XRF analysis, SiO2/Al2O3mol ratio of physical activated ZAL was 8.913, while ZAL-Fe2+,and ZAL-Mg2+were 9.957 and 8.8, respectively. The anaerobic process took place in a 2.8 L batch anaerobic digester by adding POME and an active digester effluent of cattle manure as microbial inoculum and 280 grams of each type of the modified ZALs to each digester. Result showed that that impregnated ZAL decreased the organic content of POME more rapidly than the physically treated ZAL. Besides, impregnated zeolite also resulted in higher methane concentration than the digester using physical activated.

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Wu, Kuntan, Minjie Liu, Huanbin Wang, Shahid Ali Rajput, Yajing Shan, Desheng Qi, and Shuai Wang. "The Mechanism Underlying the Extreme Sensitivity of Duck to Aflatoxin B1." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2021 (May 16, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9996503.

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Most metabolites of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), especially exo-AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), can induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to vary degrees, causing oxidative stress and liver damage, and ultimately induce liver cancer in humans and animals. Duck is one of the most sensitive animals to AFB1, and severe economic losses are caused by duck AFB1 poisoning every year, but the exact mechanism of this high sensitivity is still unclear. This review highlights significant advances in our understanding of the AFB1 metabolic activation, like cytochrome P450s (CYPs), and AFB1 metabolic detoxification, like glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in poultry. In addition, AFB1 may have other metabolic pathways in poultry, such as the mutual conversion of AFB1 and aflatoxicol (AFL) and the process of AFBO to produce AFB1-8,9-dihydrodiol (AFB1-dhd) and further metabolize it into detoxification substances. This review also summarized some exogenous regulatory substances that can alleviate AFB1-induced oxidative stress.

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Lacy, Peter D., Martin J. Donnelly, Joseph P. McGrath, Patrick J. Byrne, Thomas P. J. Hennessy, and Conrad V. I. Timon. "Acute food bolus impaction: aetiology and management." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 111, no. 12 (December 1997): 1158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100139593.

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AbstractA prospective study into the aetiology of acute food bolus obstruction (AFBO) was carried out on 17 consecutive patients who presented with this complaint. There were nine males and eight females. Twelve patients (71 per cent) had symptoms of oesophageal disease and 10 patients (59 per cent) had prior food bolus obstruction. Investigations included endoscopy, barium swallow, oesophageal pH and manometry studies. Evidence of oesophageal pathology was found in 12/14 (86 per cent) of patients investigated. No patients had malignancy and the most common abnormality, gastroesophageal reflux (GOR) was found in eight out of 14 (57 per cent) of cases. Oesophageal dysmotility was seen in five out of 12 (42 per cent) patients who had manometric studies.With such a high incidence of recurrence of AFBO, we suggest that patients with this condition be investigated to exclude malignancy and to identify benign oesophageal pathology using techniques such as oesophageal pH and manometry. Appropriate treatment of oesophageal disease may help prevent recurrence of this distressing condition.

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22

Ozturk, I., G. K. Anderson, and C. B. Saw. "Anaerobic Fluidized-Bed Treatment of Brewery Wastes and Bioenergy Recovery." Water Science and Technology 21, no. 12 (December 1, 1989): 1681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0143.

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This paper presents the results of a pilot plant study using an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) for treatment of brewery wastes. A COD removal efficiency of greater than 75% was observed at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 9.5 kg COD/m3-day for a Deriod of 82 days from start-up. COD removal efficiency was greater than 74% at an OLR of 14.6 kg COD/m3 expanded bed (e.b)-day. A COD to methane conversion of 87% was achieved. Experimental results have suggested that the COD removal efficiency of an AFBR is only a function of COD loading, and neither the feed COD nor HRT alone significantly affect the performance of the reactor. A linear relationship was found between the specific substrate utilization rate and the specific methane production rate. It was observed that the distribution of the biomass along the height of the reactor is not uniform, and the biomass hold-up near the top of the reactor may reach concentrations of greater than 20,000 mg/l.

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Reddy, Lalini, Bharti Odhav, and Kanti Bhoola. "Aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells inhibited by carotenoids: morphology, apoptosis and DNA damage." Biological Chemistry 387, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2006.012.

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AbstractAflatoxin B1(AFB1) is a fungal toxin that has been associated with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. This study was undertaken to determine the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which the antioxidants β-carotene and lycopene inhibit AFB1-induced toxic changes in human hepatocytes (HepG2 cells). Anin vitrosystem was optimized to test the chemoprotective effects of lycopene and β-carotene on HepG2 cells exposed to different concentrations of AFB1. Ultrastructurally, HepG2 cells cultured in the presence of AFB1showed mitochondrial damage, nuclear condensation and a loss of cell-to-cell contact; the latter was reflected in the observation of dysfunctional gap junctions, resulting in a loss of cell-to-cell communication. At the genomic level, AFB1formed AFB1-N7-guanine adducts, caused apoptotic cell death and suppressed p53 protein expression. In the presence of the carotenoids, survival of cells exposed to AFB1was increased, and there was also a significant increase in cellular mitochondrial activity. Our results demonstrate that HepG2 cells pretreated with lycopene and β-carotene are protected from the toxic effects of AFB1at both the cellular and molecular levels.

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Shannon, Joseph P., Dean W. Blinn, Ted McKinney, Emma P. Benenati, Kevin P. Wilson, and Chris O'Brien. "AQUATIC FOOD BASE RESPONSE TO THE 1996 TEST FLOOD BELOW GLEN CANYON DAM, COLORADO RIVER, ARIZONA." Ecological Applications 11, no. 3 (June 2001): 672–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2001)011[0672:afbrtt]2.0.co;2.

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Sanz, I., and F. Fdz‐Polanco. "Anaerobic treatment of municipal sewage in UASB and AFBR reactors." Environmental Technology Letters 10, no. 5 (May 1989): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593338909384761.

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Diez, V., P. A. Garcı́a, and F. Fdz-Polanco. "Evaluation of methanogenic kinetics in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR)." Process Biochemistry 34, no. 3 (April 1999): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0032-9592(98)00058-2.

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Andalib, Mehran, Hisham Hafez, Elsayed Elbeshbishy, George Nakhla, and Jesse Zhu. "Treatment of thin stillage in a high-rate anaerobic fluidized bed bioreactor (AFBR)." Bioresource Technology 121 (October 2012): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.07.008.

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Thanga Revathi, S., A. Gayathri, J. Kalaivani, Mary Subaja Christo, Danilo Pelusi, and M. Azees. "Cloud-Assisted Privacy-Preserving Method for Healthcare Using Adaptive Fractional Brain Storm Integrated Whale Optimization Algorithm." Security and Communication Networks 2021 (December 23, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6210054.

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The security of medical data in the cloud is the key consideration of cloud customers. While publishing the medical data, the cloud distributor may suffer from data leakages and attacks such that the data may leak. In order to resolve this, this article devises the developed Adaptive Fractional Brain Storm Integrated Whale Optimization Algorithm (AFBS_WOA), which is the hybridization of Adaptive Fractional Brain Storm Optimization (AFBSO) and Whale Optimization algorithm (WOA). The developed AFBS_WOA algorithm generates the key matrix coefficient for retrieving the perturbed database in order to preserve the privacy of healthcare data in the cloud. The developed AFBS-WOA scheme utilized the fitness function involving utility and privacy measures for calculating the secret key. Here, the privacy-preserved database is obtained by multiplying the input database with a key matrix based on developed AFBS-WOA using the Tracy–Singh product. For data retrieval, the secret key is shared with the service provider in order to retrieve the database, and then the data are accessed. Moreover, the experimental result demonstrates that the developed AFBS_WOA model attained the maximum utility and privacy measure of 0.1872 and 0.8755 using the Hungarian dataset.

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Fontanella, Alessandro, Riccardo Defilippi, Emanuele Torti, Giovanni Danese, and Francesco Leporati. "High Speed Wireless Optical System for Motorsport Data Loggers." Electronics 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2019): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8080873.

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Telemetry allows to monitor the behavior of a system and it is applied to many different and popular fields such as motorsport. In this case, a data-logger collects all the data coming from different automobile sensors providing a very reliable image of the car status and a better vehicle setup. This paper is focused on the development of a new data-logging system for motorsport application, which meets several process constraints, such as high throughput and low power consumption that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the available devices on the market were not able to satisfy. The new data-logger consists of a fixed and a removable part, which exchanges data through a transceiver exploiting the visible light communication (VLC) technology. In this way, every physical contact between the two parts of the system is avoided. All the communication procedures are managed by a micro-controller mounted on each part of the system. The transceiver consists of the AFBR-1634Z and AFBR-2634Z (Broadcom Limited, San Jose, CA, USA) components, the optical fiber transmitter and the receiver, respectively, produced by Broadcom Inc. By keeping the distance short between them, they can assure a real wireless communication, even without using a high throughput technology like optical fiber. The entire system is powered by an inductive coupling system. In order to test the transceiver, it is connected to a micro-controller reaching a data rate of 8 Mbit/s. But even better performance is achieved by upgrading the micro-controller and changing the transmission technique, connecting the transceiver to the serial peripheral interface (SPI) port of the micro-controller: in this case, a data rate of 21 Mbit/s is reached, perfectly suitable with the application requirements and even further.

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30

Ferreira, Tiago Borges, Gabriel Catucci Rego, Lucas Rodrigues Ramos, Camila Aparecida de Menezes, Laís Américo Soares, Isabel Kimiko Sakamoto, Maria Bernadete Amâncio Varesche, and Edson Luiz Silva. "HRT control as a strategy to enhance continuous hydrogen production from sugarcane juice under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions in AFBRs." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 36 (July 2019): 19719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.06.050.

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31

Carbajo, Jose B., Karina Boltes, and Pedro Leton. "Treatment of phenol in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR): continuous and batch regime." Biodegradation 21, no. 4 (February 2, 2010): 603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10532-010-9328-1.

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32

La Motta, Enrique J., Harold Padrón, Eudomar Silva, Jackeline Luque, Adriana Bustillos, and Patricia Corzo. "Pilot Plant Comparison between the AFBR and the UASB Reactor for Municipal Wastewater Pretreatment." Journal of Environmental Engineering 134, no. 4 (April 2008): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2008)134:4(265).

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33

Encina, P. A. García, and M. D. Hidalgo. "Influence of substrate feed patterns on biofilm development in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR)." Process Biochemistry 40, no. 7 (June 2005): 2509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.10.007.

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34

Moteleb, M. A., M. T. Suoidan, J. Kim, J. L. Davel, and N. R. Adrian. "Anaerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in granular activated carbon fluidized bed and batch reactors." Water Science and Technology 43, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0016.

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In this study, an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) was used to treat a synthetically produced pink water waste stream containing trinitrotoluene (TNT). The synthesized waste consisted of 95 mg/l-TNT, the main contaminant in pink water, which was to be co-metabolized with 560-mg/l ethanol. Granular activated carbon was used as the attachment medium for biological growth. TNT was reduced to a variety of compounds, mainly 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (2,4,6-TAT), 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene (2,4-DA-6-NT), 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene (2,6-DA-4-NT), 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-A-4,6-DNT), and 4-amino-2, 6-dinitrotoluene (4-A-2,6-DNT). These conversions resulted through the oxidation of ethanol to carbon dioxide under anoxic conditions, or reduction to methane under methanogenic conditions. The anaerobic reactor was charged with 1.0 kg of 16×20 U.S. Mesh Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) and was pre-loaded with 200g of TNT prior to the addition of the mixed seed culture. During the first three weeks of operation, ethanol was completely degraded and no methane was produced. Effluent inorganic carbon revealed stoichiometric conversion of the feed ethanol to dissolved inorganic carbon with accumulation of carbon dioxide in the headspace of the reactor. GAC extraction showed incremental reduction of the nitro groups to amino groups, with 2,4,6-TAT as the final product. After three weeks, the oxygen from the nitro groups was depleted and methane production commenced. The reproducibility of this phenomenon was confirmed by repeating the experiment in the same manner using an identical AFBR. Furthermore, serum bottle tests were conducted using TNT loading ratios of 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.0 g-TNT/g-GAC as well as experiments in the absence of GAC. Similar behavior to that of the columns was observed, with degradation rates varying according to the particular condition. GAC greatly enhanced the degradation rates and the higher TNT loading resulted in slower degradation rates of ethanol.

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35

Bajaj, Mini, Claudia Gallert, and Josef Winter. "Treatment of phenolic wastewater in an anaerobic fixed bed reactor (AFBR)—Recovery after shock loading." Journal of Hazardous Materials 162, no. 2-3 (March 2009): 1330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.06.027.

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36

Kamala, A., C. Shirima, B. Jani, M. Bakari, H. Sillo, N. Rusibamayila, S. De Saeger, M. Kimanya, Y. Y. Gong, and A. Simba. "Outbreak of an acute aflatoxicosis in Tanzania during 2016." World Mycotoxin Journal 11, no. 3 (September 18, 2018): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2018.2344.

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In June 2016, an outbreak of an unknown disease was reported to affect clusters of families in two regions of the central part of Tanzania. A rapid epidemiological survey was conducted in the affected villages, with a detailed house-to-house survey in selected households. A total of 68 cases occurred between 14 May and 14 November 2016, of which 20 died, making a case fatality rate of 30%. Over 50% of the cases were below the age of 15 years. The cases presented with jaundice (n=60), abdominal pain (n=59), vomiting (n=56), diarrhoea (n=34) and ascites (n=32). The responsible food item appeared to be home grown maize. The rate ratio indicated that the occurrence of illnesses was associated with ingestion of food contaminated with high levels of aflatoxins (contamination range: 10-51,100 μg/kg and 2.4-285 μg/kg for case and control households, respectively). Serum aflatoxin biomarker indicated that cases were more likely to have higher than 1000 pg/mg aflatoxin-albumin adduct level in their sera compared to controls (Odds Ratio = 13.5; 95% confidence intervals = 1.5-165.3; range of aflatoxin-albumin adduct level = 36- 32,800 pg/mg for cases and 10-4020 pg/mg for controls). Beside aflatoxins, maize samples were also contaminated with high levels of fumonisins (range of contamination; 945-12,630 μg/kg) with 8 of 10 samples analysed from case households co-contaminated with both toxins at levels above the maximum limit of 5 or 10 μg/kg set for AFB1or total aflatoxins and 2,000 μg/kg for fumonisins. Clinical presentation and high levels of aflatoxin in food samples coupled with high levels of serum aflatoxin-albumin adducts among the cases support the causal role of aflatoxins.

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Fernández, N., F. Fdz-Polanco, S. J. Montalvo, and D. Toledano. "Use of activated carbon and natural zeolite as support materials, in an anaerobic fluidised bed reactor, for vinasse treatment." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 4 (August 1, 2001): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0161.

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In Cuba, the alcohol distillation process from cane sugar molasses, produces a final waste (vinasse), with an enormous polluting potential and a high sulfate content. Applying the anaerobic technology, most of the biodegradable organic matter can turn into biogas, rich in methane but with concentrations of sulfide above 1%. The present work develops two experiences with anaerobic fluidized bed reactors (AFBR) using both Cuban raw material, activated carbon and natural zeolite, as support media, with the purpose of obtaining high organic matter removal rates and keeping sulfide and ammonium concentrations in the permissible ranges. The reactors were operated during 120 days, achieving an organic loading rate of 10 kg COD/m3 day, with COD removal above 70%, and a methane production of 2 L/d. The activated carbon and natural zeolite used support materials in anaerobic fluidized bed reactors, and showed good results of distillery waste removal.

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Sutton, Jolene T., Luise Hermanutz, and John D. Jacobs. "Are Frost Boils Important for the Recruitment of Arctic-Alpine Plants?" Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 38, no. 2 (May 2006): 273–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1657/1523-0430(2006)38[273:afbift]2.0.co;2.

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39

Yang, Seungyong, and Jaeho Bae. "A feasibility of coagulation as post-treatment of the anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) treating domestic wastewater." Journal of the Korean Society of Water and Wastewater 28, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11001/jksww.2014.28.6.623.

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40

Marín, P., D. Alkalay, L. Guerrero, R. Chamy, and M. C. Schiappacasse. "Design and Startup of an Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 8 (October 1, 1999): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0387.

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A 10 1 anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) was designed and constructed, using beach sand as the solid support for the biomass. Considering the complexity of this type of system, previously to the startup, several experiences were performed in a series of minireactors, such as: determination of the bed expansion and the feed distribution. The startup was made increasing gradually the organic load rate (OLR), using the alkalinity ratio (α) and the removal of the organic load, as mg/l of COD, as leading parameters. The system attained a COD removal of over 85%, for an OLR of 3.4 [kg COD/m3·d]. The best removal of 92% was obtained at an OLR of 1.04 [kg COD/m3·d], with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours. The best gas production of 1.8 [m3 of biogas/m3·d], equivalent to a production of 0.16 [m3/kg CODremoved], was obtained at an (HRT) of 4.8 hours. The best startup results were obtained using Ethanol as the Carbon source.

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41

Seifart, Frank. "Does Structural-Typological Similarity Affect Borrowability?" Language Dynamics and Change 5, no. 1 (2015): 92–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00501004.

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This study addresses the question whether the borrowability of linguistic forms, in particular affixes, is constrained by structural properties of the donor and recipient languages involved. According to some claims, structural similarity favors affix borrowing. On some accounts, structural compatibility of a certain kind is even a precondition for affix borrowing. This study tests these claims using data from a set of 78 languages that borrowed between one and 50 affixes, taken from the AfBo database (Seifart, 2013a). The extent of affix borrowing in this set of languages is compared with structural similarity scores for the donor and recipient languages involved, obtained from morphosyntactic features provided in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Dryer and Haspelmath, 2011). Results suggest that structural similarity between a (potential) donor and recipient language plays at best a minor role in determining the extent of affix borrowing. This supports the view that bilingual speakers are not—at least not strongly—constrained by structural factors of the languages they speak when creating mixed varieties of these languages, resulting in contact-induced language change.

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42

Diez Blanco, V., P. A. García Encina, and F. Fdz-Polanco. "Effects of biofilm growth, gas and liquid velocities on the expansion of an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR)." Water Research 29, no. 7 (July 1995): 1649–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(95)00001-2.

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43

Menezes, V. S., N. C. S. Amorim, W. V. Macêdo, and E. L. C. Amorim. "Biohydrogen production from soft drink industry wastewater in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor." Water Practice and Technology 14, no. 3 (June 21, 2019): 579–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2019.041.

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Abstract The wastewater from carbonated soft drinks production was used as substrate in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) to evaluate the production of biohydrogen as a renewable energy. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) ranged from 8 to 0.5 hours (7.92 to 137.09 kg COD m−3 day−1) throughout the experiment and expanded clay was used as support material for biomass adhesion. The average composition of hydrogen in the biogas under the conditions of this experiment was 34%. The maximum hydrogen yield (HY) and the maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) was 5.87 mol H2/mol substrate and 2.74 L H2 h−1 L−1, respectively, obtained in the HRT of 0.5 hour. Acetic acid was the predominant soluble metabolite detected (88%). Propionic, butyric and caproic acids were quantified with low production (7%, 4% and 1% of soluble metabolites production (SMP)). The anaerobic fluidized bed reactor optimized the average of hydrogen yield by 17% in relation to packed-bed reactors, in a HRT of 0.5 h. The natural fermentation process and operating conditions were favorable to the inhibition of hydrogen-consuming organisms, such as methanogenic archaeas.

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Mufti Azis, Muhammad, Hanifrahmawan Sudibyo, and Wiratni Budhijanto. "Modeling Lab-sized Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment: from Batch to Continuous Reactors." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 316 (March 2018): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/316/1/012072.

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45

Wu, Jun, Sisi Zhu, Yunbo Wu, Tianqing Jiang, Lingling Wang, Jun Jiang, Jikai Wen, and Yiqun Deng. "Multiple CH/π Interactions Maintain the Binding of Aflatoxin B1 in the Active Cavity of Human Cytochrome P450 1A2." Toxins 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11030158.

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Human cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) is one of the key CYPs that activate aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a notorious mycotoxin, into carcinogenic exo-8,9-epoxides (AFBO) in the liver. Although the structure of CYP1A2 is available, the mechanism of CYP1A2-specific binding to AFB1 has not been fully clarified. In this study, we used calculation biology to predict a model of CYP1A2 with AFB1, where Thr-124, Phe-125, Phe-226, and Phe-260 possibly participate in the specific binding. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed to construct mutants T124A, F125A, F226A, and F260A. Escherichia coli-expressed recombinant proteins T124A, F226A, and F260A had active structures, while F125A did not. This was evidenced by Fe2+∙Carbon monoxide (CO)-reduced difference spectra and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Mutant F125A was expressed in HEK293T cells. Steady kinetic assays showed that T124A had enhanced activity towards AFB1, while F125A, F226A, and F260A were significantly reduced in their ability to activate AFB1, implying that hydrogen bonds between Thr-124 and AFB1 were not important for substrate-specific binding, whereas Phe-125, Phe-226, and Phe-260 were essential for the process. The computation simulation and experimental results showed that the three key CH/π interactions between Phe-125, Phe-226, or Phe-260 and AFB1 collectively maintained the stable binding of AFB1 in the active cavity of CYP1A2.

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Chen, Liang, Tian Wen, Aizhi Cao, Jianmin Wang, Hua Pan, and Ruqian Zhao. "Bile Acids Promote Hepatic Biotransformation and Excretion of Aflatoxin B1 in Broiler Chickens." Toxins 15, no. 12 (December 9, 2023): 694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins15120694.

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Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a hazardous mycotoxin that often contaminates animal feed and may potentially induce severe liver damage if ingested. The liver is the primary organ responsible for AFB1 detoxification through enzyme-catalyzed xenobiotic metabolism and bile acid (BA)-associated excretion. In this study, we sought to investigate whether exogenous BA improves hepatic AFB1 detoxification to alleviate AFB1-induced liver injury in broiler chickens. Five-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three groups. CON and AFB1 received a basal diet; AFB1 + BA received a basal diet with 250 mg/kg BA for 20 days. After a 3-day pre-feed, AFB1 and AFB1 + BA were daily gavaged with 250 μg/kg BW AFB1, while CON received gavage solvent for AFB1 treatment. Dietary BA supplementation protected chickens from AFB1-induced hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress. The hepatic biotransformation of AFB1 to its metabolite AFBO was improved, with accelerated excretion to the gallbladder and cecum. Accordantly, AFB1-induced down-regulation of detoxification genes, including cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S-transferases, and the bile salt export pump, was rescued by BA supplementation. Moreover, liver X receptor α, suppressed by AFB1, was enhanced in BA-treated broiler chickens. These results indicate that dietary BA supplementation improves hepatic AFB1 detoxification and excretion through LXRα-involved regulation of xenobiotic enzymes.

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Cui, Tao, Yi Wang, Xueye Wang, Yonghao Zhang, Weiqing Han, Jiansheng Li, Xiuyun Sun, Jinyou Shen, and Lianjun Wang. "Enhanced isophthalonitrile complexation-reduction removal using a novel anaerobic fluidized bed reactor in a bioelectrochemical system based on electric field activation (AFBR-EFA)." Bioresource Technology 306 (June 2020): 123115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123115.

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48

Davel, J., M. T. Suidan, and N. Adrian. "Biodegradation of the energetic compound TNT through a multiple-stage treatment approach." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 9 (May 1, 2003): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0509.

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Biodegradation of the energetic compound 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and its intermediate 2,4,6-triaminotoluene (TAT) was investigated in this study. From previous investigations, a relationship between the biological utilization of ethanol as co-substrate for the reduction of TNT under anaerobic conditions was proposed using an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor (AFBR). In this study, the theoretical co-substrate requirement for reduction of TNT to TAT was further investigated through the systematic lowering of the ethanol loading to the reactor. Near complete reduction to TAT was observed up to a critical ethanol loading point, as well as the production of methane from the limited excess available ethanol. Once ethanol deficient loading conditions were established, the increased presence of incompletely reduced degradation intermediates, such as 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene, and even TNT, was observed. The cessation of methanogenesis confirmed that no excess ethanol was available. Degradation of the TAT intermediate in the reactor effluent was investigated using two second-stage reactors under oxidizing conditions. The first was an aerobic activated sludge reactor, and the second was a denitrifying fluidized-bed reactor (DenFBR). The aerobic reactor was successful in lowering the chemical oxygen demand (COD), but complete removal of TAT was not accomplished. Because of TAT polymerization and auto-oxidation under aerobic conditions, it was difficult to confirm to what extent of TAT removal was biological. In the DenFBR, incompletely reduced TNT intermediates were not successfully degraded, but strong evidence existed for the degradation of TAT. This is the first known report of second stage degradation of TAT under denitrifying conditions.

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Espersen, Anders Have. "Fællesskab og integration – De bosniske krigsflygtninge i Randers 1993-2010." Kulturstudier 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2011): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/ks.v2i1.5191.

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Kulturhistorisk Museum Randers har i de senere år sat øget fokus på byens indvandrerhistorie. I 2003 dokumenterede museet de tyrkiske gæstearbejderes historie, og i 2005 blev der set nærmere på tyrkernes børn. Tyrkerne var den første store gruppe af indvandrere i Randers, men er i antal siden blevet overhalet af bosnierne, hvoraf de første kom til byen som krigsflygtninge i 1993. Denne artikel er baseret på en undersøgelse af de bosniske krigsflygtninge, som museet foretog henover sommeren 2010. Udover at klarlægge det historiske forløb for bosniernes tilværelse i Randers, giver undersøgelsen gennem tolv interviews et indblik i, hvordan bosnierne er faldet til i byen. Det beskrives desuden, hvorledes det er at være bosnier i Randers i dag. Interviewgruppen udgjordes af otte kvinder og fire mænd. Blandt kvinderne var der fire, der aldersmæssigt befandt sig i tyverne, mens de resterende befandt sig i henholdsvis trediverne, fyrrerne og halvtredserne. For mændenes vedkommende var den ene halvdel i fyrrerne og den anden i halvtredserne.  Undersøgelsen viser blandt andet, at de mål for integration, som Randers Kommune satte sig, da det fra 1995 stod klart, at de bosniske flygtninge ville blive i byen, på de fleste områder stemte overens med ønskerne fra størstedelen af bosnierne. For kommunen blev det i løbet af kort tid det væsentligste, at de mange nye borgere blev i stand til at klare sig selv gennem sprog, beskæftigelse og bolig, mens det for bosniernes vedkommende handlede om hurtigst muligt at komme i gang med det liv, som krig og uvished havde afbrudt. At de bosniske flygtninge skulle integreres socialt i det danske fællesskab og gennem danske netværk var af begge parter prioriteret lavere. Selvom kontakten til danskerne i Randers stadig mest er begrænset til arbejde og uddannelse, opfattes bosnierne i Randers i dag, både af dem selv og den danske majoritetsbefolkning, alligevel som den mest velintegrerede større indvandrergruppe i byen.

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Harif, Mhamed, Daniel Weisdorf, Nicolas Novitzky, Jeff Szer, Lahoucine Mahmal, Malek Benakli, Tarek Ben Othman, et al. "Special report: Summary of the first meeting of African Blood and Marrow Transplantation (AfBMT) group, Casablanca, Morocco, April 19–21, 2018 held under the auspices of the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (WBMT)." Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy 13, no. 4 (December 2020): 202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hemonc.2019.05.003.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Afbrot'

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