Academic literature on the topic 'Aeta (Philippine people)'

In the Philippines, there are more than 110 culturally diverse ethnic tribes and communities. As clearly stated in the 1987 Philippine Constitution, Article XIV, Section 17, the state shall recognize, respect, and protect the rights of the indigenous cultural communities to preserve and develop their cultures, traditions, and institutions. The Aeta, Agta or Ayta are indigenous people who live in scattered, isolated mountainous parts of Barangay San Jose (Anyao), Catanauan, Quezon. The researcher conducted an ethnological study to document the Indigenous People integrated pest management practices employing the descriptive survey method. Based on the result, 80% were still practicing the traditional way of managing the pest without harming the human and environment. The Aeta farmers leave the infected crops, manually pick burn or use smoke to eliminate the pest.Moreover, the farmers also practice crop rotation, mixed cropping, and properly manage the farm. Crop loss due to pests was one of the major problems resulting from reducing production and income. The chemical control of pests was predominant, but the Aeta farmers still practiced traditional pest control. The conventional pest control practices played a significant role in the management of agricultural land, and it was an inevitable practice for sustainable agriculture. The proper control of pests minimized economic losses and damage to the environment. Some of the respondents have insufficient skills and knowledge on the ethnological way of controlling pest and diseases using insect repellant like marigold or Amarillo, lemongrass or tanlad, oregano, and by spraying wild chili mixed with water. Based on the result, it was recommended to conduct seminars and workshops on Organic Agriculture as well as an awareness campaign on the effect of chemical fertilizer to human and environment

Indigenous people (IPs) are the descendants of the inhabitants of a country or region. This study examines whether an indigenous group, specifically an Aeta community in Pampanga, undergoes Urbanization or not. Migration has been a part of the Aeta's history since the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, which forced them to move out from their original lands. Despite the Urbanization of the community, their culture and way of living remained the same and didn't change. The Aetas pass it on to their next generation, and due to this, they suffer from discrimination because of their way of living. To gather the needed data, the researchers reviewed various literature and studies to have an idea of how to construct the survey question based on LSMS and DHS. The study was conducted in Barangay Sapang Uwak, Sitio Pidpid, Porac, Pampanga, a home of an Aeta community. By looking at the field site, it shows that development and accessibility of urban amenities are difficult for them since it was evident to the researchers that education and some necessities are insufficient.

A defining characteristic of an indigenous group is that it has preserved its unique traditional ways of living, belief system or pertinent rituals amidst the presence of modernity. One of the indigenous group residing in the Philippines are the Aeta people, found scattered in the archipelago. One of the unique cultural health beliefs of this indigenous group revolves around the spirit called "anito" and the ritual for appeasing this spirit termed as "pag-aanito." This paper explores the contemporary understanding of a select group of Aeta from Pampanga, Philippines on these unique cultural health beliefs and how their understanding and appreciation of their traditional customs affects their perception of the world, themselves, and their health.

This research explores the impact of media engagement on the identity perceptions of the Aeta Ambala, an indigenous group in the Philippines, particularly after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. This catastrophic event led to significant displacement and cultural shifts for the Aeta, who were forced to adapt to urban lifestyles. The study focuses on the differences in identity perceptions between the older and younger generations, with the former holding onto pre-eruption cultural norms and the latter aligning more with urban and resettlement community cultures. Employing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, the study finds that media representations often negatively portray the Aeta Ambala, leading to discrimination and altering self-perception. Despite this, the community maintains a strong sense of ethnic identity, viewing it as an immutable aspect of their heritage. Media engagement is seen as inevitable for staying informed, particularly in emergencies, but it also influences perceptions of the outside world and reshapes cultural and ethnic identity. Younger generations, more engaged with media, tend to adopt external beauty standards and lifestyles, leading to early marriages and cultural indifference. There is also a noted mistrust towards media organizations due to exploitation concerns. In conclusion, the study highlights the complex relationship between media interaction and self-identification within the Aeta Ambala community, suggesting that while media engagement alters perceptions and behaviors, the core Aeta Ambala culture remains strong and resilient. Keywords: Media engagement, ethnic identity, Aeta Ambala, indigenous peoples, identity negotiation.

This study looks at a series of television commercials that featured the Aetas, a Philippine indigenous group, which promoted the 20th Philippine Advertising Congress (PAC) and its theme “The New Order.” Employing Hall’s encoding/decoding model and Croteau and Hoynes’ model of media and the social world, this study sought to answer the question: Does cultural background play a role in shaping audience interpretations of mediated representations of indigenous peoples and other “othered” racial groups? Focus group discussions with “indigenous” and ‘non-indigenous’ audiences suggest that along with cultural background, political affiliations and personal experiences with indigenous peoples are influential in decoding the representations of Aetas found in the PAC commercials. However, the finding that both audience groups decoded the commercials in a negotiated manner raises significant questions about the systems of knowledge upon which racial discrimination is founded.

The Aeta community is one of the indigenous peoples in the Philippines, and they face challenges in accessing quality education. These challenges include limited school infrastructure and resources, a lack of qualified teachers understanding their cultural context, and socio-economic barriers preventing Aeta children from attending school. Hence, this study explored the perception of Aeta students in their education at St. Francis Learning Center. Specifically, it determined the socio-demographic profile of the participants in terms of year level, gender, age, family members, and socio-economic status; their perception on course descriptions, laboratory experiences, and the quality of academic staff; the factors that influence their decision-making process; and their suggested intervention programs to motivate students to choose the specific Senior High School Strand and college. This study employed a mixed-method research design particularly the explanatory-sequential approach. The participants comprised 10 Aeta Students currently studying at St. Francis Learning Center for the academic year 2024-2025. Results showed that while some students find the course descriptions and teaching methods effective and engaging, others face significant challenges. Scenarios such as teachers being unprepared, insufficient class time, lack of learning materials, and ineffective repetition of lessons point to areas where the educational experience can be improved. Practical utility, economic potential, parental influence, peer relationships, personal interests, career aspirations, and familial roles all play critical roles influence the students’ decision-making processes when choosing their Senior High School tracks.

Abstract: Situated against the backdrop of the Clark Special Economic Zone is the Clarkfield Aytas (also spelled as Aeta) who inspired the researchers at the Applied Psychology Program of the University of the Philippines in Pampanga to engage in Indigenous Peoples (IP) research. The condition of the Clarkfield Aytas somewhat parallels the experiences of the world’s IP whose diminishing domain forces them to adapt to a way of life that is different from theirs and assume identities that had never been created before in their culture. Studying the Aytas’ life conditions and other psychological variables detached from the bigger context of being a part of the ecosystem in which they exist in interdependence and the nation-state’s sociohistorical reality only partially describes their condition. Similarly, not responding to their need for greater community participation and empowerment may deem our psychology irrelevant and useless in advancing social justice and inclusive progress. How can psychology contribute to IP studies? Multidisciplinary research approaches in critical theories, the Sikolohiyang Pilipino, and community psychology may be utilized to come up with useful methodologies. Challenges remain for researchers in doing research with the Filipino Indigenous communities: to examine their own paradigms/worldviews and pedagogical orientation and seek to answer the question as to whether their psychology truly helps uplift the living conditions of a special population of Filipinos, the Indigenous People.

Purpose: The focus of this research is to investigate the Indigenous People (IP), the Ati (Aeta) in Dumarao, Capiz, Philippines as to their entrepreneurial leadership and business activities that contribute to their economic growth and social progress. Theoretical framework: Mishra and Zachary's (2014) entrepreneurial theory underpins this study. Entrepreneurs create and take value in unpredictable environment. They also create value by pursuing their goals (an aspiration for entrepreneurial reward). Entrepreneurship requires the entrepreneur. Consequently, entrepreneurial resources and goals are closely linked. The entrepreneurial process involves identifying an external opportunity, matching entrepreneurial resources with the opportunity to effectuate an entrepreneurial competence, acquiring additional resources (if needed), creating sustained value, and appropriating the reward for their entrepreneurial endeavor. Entrepreneurship is based on expansion, wealth creation, and the pursuit of possibilities regardless of resources. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study is descriptive and makes use of the qualitative research methodology to collect the necessary data on the entrepreneurial leadership and practices of Indigenous People to contribute to economic growth and social progress. Findings: The study's results indicate that indigenous or Ati business leaders are few. Nevertheless, Dumarao's indigenous population has not built any sustainable commercial enterprises. Research, practical & social implications: Indigenous People (IP) confront a range of challenges when it comes to entrepreneurship, many of which are tied to their traditions and culture. This was revealed after answering the study questions on the entrepreneurial leadership and practices of Ati towards development in the Philippines. Hence, the results will be a benchmark in assessing the programs and projects and even policies that will develop the life of Ati community holistically. Originality/Value: The value of the study is first to investigate the entrepreneurial leadership and business practices of Ati community in Dumarao, Capiz, Philippines.

This paper is an initial effort of the researcher to prevent the nearly extinctionnot only of the Aeta people but also their identity being the first Filipinos. Beingthe first, it is so ironic to see them helpless to fend for themselves from the“prying eyes”. To see them adapting the modern world might be the start ofthe loss of the “beginning”. Indigenous dances constitute some kind of culturalgenetic code that defines identity of a group of people. The study assessed the pureand unique characteristics of the dance entitled “PASALAMAT”. The veracity ofthe steps created by the researcher as reflected in the dance was reviewed andpresented to the respondents in the dance seminar-workshop held on September2013 in Pampanga, Philippines. The respondents of the study consisted of 91attendees. These attendees are PE teachers, MAPEH major students, danceteachers, choreographers and performers. The background/context, movements/steps, particular to the dance, dance properties and movement of the dance were reviewed and assessed base on the existing guidelines and other parameters approved by the dance expert in the country particularly the PhilippineFolkdance Society and National Commission for Culture and the Arts. Based onthe findings, the background/context/movements/steps, particular to the danceand dance properties demonstrate statistical significance. The study recommendspromotion and preservation on the dance.Keywords: Sociology, indigenous dance, Aeta tribal dance, creative dance, Cultural,Information and Dissemination, Promotion and Prevention, Pampanga,descriptive design, Philippines

Magbukon is the indigenous dialect of an Aeta tribe in Bataan which is potentially extinct due to cultural erosion as a result of tribe’s assimilation with the lowlanders. Using ethnographic approach, this study focused on the preservation of Aeta Magbukon oral tradition as a means of preserving their language. Their literary arts are preserved only by oral tradition and being transferred by the elders to the younger generation. The researcher is afraid that if these literary arts are not properly documented and published the sooner, it will vanish forever together with their native dialect. Thus, this study is twofold, preserving the language and preserving the oral heritage which have the same impact of importance and has received a great deal of support from many civilized countries including the UNESCO that spent a lot of resources to safeguard the many endangered languages and oral heritage around the world. As this study gains acceptance and credence from both the simple and the prudent, the education and wisdom encompassed in the language under study will have an explicit possibility of incessant transfer to the younger age group, thus, an extensive and positive reception of the culture and its people as a whole. KEYWORDS - Language and literature, oral tradition, literary arts, endangered language, language death, indigenous language, ethnography, descriptive design, Bataan, Philippines

The first chapter of the dissertation provides a description of the sociolinguistic background of Northern Alta and subsequently presents the methods used to collect data in the field, including recording methods, elicitation techniques, and type and level of annotations added to each recording. The structure and outputs of the documentary collection, including the metadata structure and organization of the data using the ELAN software, are then described. Finally, the way in which the data is presented in this dissertation is discussed at the end of the first chapter. Chapter 2 deals with the phonology of the language and discusses the orthography used in the corpus of annotated recordings. Chapter 3 examines morphology, with a focus on the morpho-phonological alternations occurring frequently in the language, which include assimilation, gemination, consonant deletion, epenthesis, nasal substitution, aphaeresis, stress change, syncope, vowel lengthening and vowel lowering. The chapter ends with a preliminary analysis of reduplication patterns. Chapter 4 discusses the types of phrases attested in Northern Alta, describing their possible constituent structure and syntactic functions. The second part of the chapter provides an overview of the possible clause types, which are defined in terms of the type of predicates they have. Three main clause types are defined: clauses with voice-marked predicate, clauses with voice-unmarked predicate and clauses with an Existential as predicate. Chapter 5 presents a classification of the parts of speech. The first part of the chapter deals with proforms, which include Personal Pronouns, Demonstratives and Interrogative Pronouns. The second part of the chapter introduces the different classes of function words. The third part of the chapter discusses the problems related to the classification of Northern Alta content words, and defines two major classes on the basis of morphological criteria, V-words and U-words. Other classes of content words include Adverbs, Existentials and another group of content words that we refer to as content words derived by affixes. Chapter 6 presents an analysis of case relations, conducted on the basis of the syntactic functions and semantic roles of the different case-marked constituents, such as Determiner Phrases, Pronouns and Demonstratives. The results of the analysis distinguish four different cases: Absolutive, Genitive, Oblique and Locative. Chapter 7 deals with the classification of V-words, distributed in four main classes, nonderived words, Potentive words, Stative words and Causative. Since V-words are defined in terms of their voice and aspectual morphology, we discuss voice affixation and aspectual inflection for each subclass, and illustrate them with glossed examples. Chapter 8 provides interlinear morpheme glossing for a twenty-five minute monologue that was recorded with native speaker Ginalyn Garcia. The monologue was recorded in a place called Minero, an area where the Alta used to dwell in the past but decided to abandon when they settled in the barangays. The contains a high number of Demonstratives, including phrases where the Demonstrative appears in the article slot of a DP. The video provides an additional value to the text given that many of these Demonstratives are accompanied by gestures. The text is also valuable from a historical perspective as it offers a number of stories from the time the Alta were living there. Finally, Chapter 9 provides a glossary of the language which was compiled by extracting the lexical data of the database that was created using the SIL software Fieldworks Language Explorer. The chapters begins with an introduction to the glossary, in which the sources of words, the content of an entry, as well as other related problems are discussed. The second part of the chapter contains the Northern Alta-English glossary and the third part of the chapter provides an English-Northern Alta reversal index.
Northern Alta (códico iso: aqn) es una lengua „Negrito‟ hablada por menos de 300 personas en la zona oeste de la isla de Luzón, en las Filipinas. Sus hablantes son negritos, un grupo étnico perteneciente a las poblaciones austroloides-melanesias consideradas como las primeras en habitar las islas, habiendo llegado al territorio hace al menos 50.000 años. Como muchas otras lenguas del archipiélago Filipino, la lengua no se está transmitiendo a la generación de niños y por tanto necesita ser documentada y descrita con urgencia. El presente estudio trata de responder a esta necesitad. Esta tesis doctoral es uno de los resultados del proyecto de documentación de la lengua Northern Alta, en el cual hemos producido un total de 19 horas de grabaciones de video y audio, de la cuales hemos transcrito y traducido 13 horas. El corpus de grabaciones transcritas ha proporcionado los datos que aparecen en este trabajo, que consiste en una descripción de la gramática de la lengua, un texto de 25 minutos glosado (grabación 103) y un glosario de 2400 entradas (alta – inglés, inglés, alta).

This study investigates two central research problems. These are: What are the healing practices of Aeta women? What are the implications of the healing practices of Aeta women in the academic discourse? This inquiry is important for the following reasons: (a) it focuses a reconsidered gaze and empirical lens on the healing practices of Aeta women healers as well as the lessons, insights and perspectives which may have been previously missed; (b) my research attempts not to be 'neutral' but instead be an exercise in participatory action research and as such hopefully brings a new space of decolonization by documenting Aeta women healers’ contributions in the political and academic arena; and (c) it is an original contribution to postcolonial, anti-colonial and Indigenous feminist theories particularly through its demonstration the utility of these theories in understanding the health of Indigenous peoples and global health. There are 12 Aeta women healers who participated in the Talking Circle. This study is significant in grounding both the theory and the methodology while comparatively evaluating claims calibrated against the benchmark of the actual narratives of Aeta women healers. These evaluations subsequently categorized my findings into three themes: namely, identity, agency and representation. This work is also important in illustrating the Indigenous communities’ commonalities on resistance, accommodation, evolution and devolution of social institutions and leadership through empirical example. The work also sheds light on how the members of our Circle and their communities’ experiences with outsider intrusion and imposed changes intentionally structured to dominate them as Indigenous people altered our participants and their communities. Though the reactions of the Aeta were and are unique in this adaptive process they join a growing comparative scholarly discussion on how contexts for colonization were the same or different. This thesis therefore joins a growing comparative educational literature on the contextual variations among global experiences with colonization. This is important since Indigenous Peoples' experiences are almost always portrayed as unique or “exotic”. I can now understand through comparison that many of the processes from military to pedagogical impositions bore striking similarities across various colonial, geographical and cultural locations.

This chapter traces two distinct but related processes that took place in Philippine mountains: the persistent resistance of autonomous mountain communities and the widespread migration of fugitives into the mountains. In some instances, these two distinct groupings of people converged with autonomous upland groups like the Ifugao and the Aeta providing sanctuary to those fleeing Spanish colonization. In all instances, upland communities—both autochthonous and migrant—presented a fierce and persistent problem for colonial authorities. They used sophisticated tactics including headhunting, raiding, rebellion, alliance building, and open warfare to halt colonial expansion. The effectiveness of these actions is evident not only in their persistence but in the way they severely restricted the scope of Spanish domination during the seventeenth century and well into the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.