Journal articles: 'AERPs'

1

Phillipova, DoljaT, Vichren Tchakaroff, and Angel Angelow. "Motivation and AERPs of normal subjects and schizophrenics." International Journal of Psychophysiology 11, no. 1 (July 1991): 64–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90271-x.

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Shiwa, M., A. Yamaguchi, M. Sato, S. Murao, and M. Nagai. "Acoustic Emission Waveform Analysis From Weld Defects in Steel Ring Samples." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 121, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2883671.

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Acoustic emission (AE) signals from weld defects, incomplete penetration (IP), slag inclusion (SI), and porosity (PR), in longitudinal seam welding of UOE steel pipes were evaluated by using an envelope analysis system and waveform analysis system. In test results, the location accuracy of the envelope and the waveform systems during the loading tests were a few 10 mm and a few mm, respectively. AE activity and intensity and waveform type could identify the welding defect types. Three types of AE spherical radiation patterns (AERPs), a monopole mode, a tensile fracture of dipole mode, and a tensile and shear mixed of dipole mode, were observed during the test. Information from cross section observation of the IP by SEM and AERP suggested that activity and intensity of AE signals from welding defects could depend on both stress concentration of the defect and brittleness of the microstructure around the defect.

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Arunphalungsanti, Kittipun, and Chailerd Pichitpornchai. "Brain Processing (Auditory Event-Related Potential) of Stressed Versus Unstressed Words in Thai Speech." Perceptual and Motor Skills 125, no. 6 (August 16, 2018): 995–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512518794107.

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This study investigated the effect of the stressed word in Thai language on auditory event-related potential (aERP) in unattended conditions. We presented 30 healthy participants with monosyllabic Thai words consisting of either stressed or unstressed words. We instructed them not to attend to the sound stimuli, but rather to watch and memorize the contents of a silent natural documentary without subtitles. The two listening conditions consisted of 20% deviant stimuli (70 stressed and 70 unstressed words, respectively) and 80% standard stimuli (other 280 unstressed words) presented pseudorandomly and binaurally via a pair of earphones. Participants’ aERPs from the two conditions were evaluated by the mismatch negativity (MMN) component of aERP. The mismatch negativity amplitudes in the stressed word condition were significantly higher than those in the unstressed word condition, especially in frontal and left fronto-central brain areas. Therefore, these data show the role of the frontal and left fronto-central brain regions in auditory preattentive processing of stressed word perception among native Thai speakers. This is the first study demonstration that stressed meaningful monosyllable words in tonal language facilitate word perception in this preattentive stage. This result has implications for developing clinical tests evaluating preattentive speech perception.

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Folmer, Robert L., Jay J. Vachhani, and Amy Riggins. "Electrophysiological Evidence of Auditory and Cognitive Processing Deficits in Parkinson Disease." BioMed Research International 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610908.

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Background. Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are at increased risk for central auditory processing (CAP) deficits and cognitive dysfunction. However, behavioral assessments of CAP and cognitive processing used in a previous study by our research team found few significant differences in performance between early-stage PD patients and age-matched control subjects. The objective of this study is to use auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) to compare CAP and cognitive functions in a population of PD patients with a group of age-matched control subjects. Methods. AERPs in response to tonal and speech stimuli were recorded from 35 adults who had a medical diagnosis of PD (23 males and 12 females; mean age = 66.9 ± s . d . 11.2 years ), and 35 age-matched control subjects who did not have PD or any other neurological disorders (31 males and 4 females; mean age = 65.4 ± s . d . 12.3 years ). Auditory stimuli included pure tones (500 and 1000 Hz) to elicit the P300 response and a dichotic digits paradigm to elicit the N200 processing negativity. Results. Compared to control subjects, PD patients exhibited significantly longer latencies of P300 and N200 components and smaller amplitude N200 components. Latency and amplitude of the N200 component were significantly correlated with participants’ age. N200 amplitude was correlated with results from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) of cognitive ability. Latency of the P300 and amplitude of the N200 components were significantly correlated with results from the Spatial Release From Masking (SRM) behavioral CAP assessment. Conclusions. AERP assessments used in this study appear to be sensitive indicators of CAP and cognitive deficits exhibited by early-stage PD patients. While few significant differences in performance on behavioral CAP and cognitive tests were previously observed between this population of PD patients and age-matched control subjects, N200 and P300 components recorded in the present study revealed impaired neural processing by the PD group.

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Henkin, Yael, Yifat Yaar-Soffer, Lihi Givon, and Minka Hildesheimer. "Hearing with Two Ears: Evidence for Cortical Binaural Interaction during Auditory Processing." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 04 (April 2015): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.4.6.

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Background: Integration of information presented to the two ears has been shown to manifest in binaural interaction components (BICs) that occur along the ascending auditory pathways. In humans, BICs have been studied predominantly at the brainstem and thalamocortical levels; however, understanding of higher cortically driven mechanisms of binaural hearing is limited. Purpose: To explore whether BICs are evident in auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) during the advanced perceptual and postperceptual stages of cortical processing. Research Design: The AERPs N1, P3, and a late negative component (LNC) were recorded from multiple site electrodes while participants performed an oddball discrimination task that consisted of natural speech syllables (/ka/ vs. /ta/) that differed by place-of-articulation. Participants were instructed to respond to the target stimulus (/ta/) while performing the task in three listening conditions: monaural right, monaural left, and binaural. Study Sample: Fifteen (21–32 yr) young adults (6 females) with normal hearing sensitivity. Data Collection and Analysis: By subtracting the response to target stimuli elicited in the binaural condition from the sum of responses elicited in the monaural right and left conditions, the BIC waveform was derived and the latencies and amplitudes of the components were measured. The maximal interaction was calculated by dividing BIC amplitude by the summed right and left response amplitudes. In addition, the latencies and amplitudes of the AERPs to target stimuli elicited in the monaural right, monaural left, and binaural listening conditions were measured and subjected to analysis of variance with repeated measures testing the effect of listening condition and laterality. Results: Three consecutive BICs were identified at a mean latency of 129, 406, and 554 msec, and were labeled N1-BIC, P3-BIC, and LNC-BIC, respectively. Maximal interaction increased significantly with progression of auditory processing from perceptual to postperceptual stages and amounted to 51%, 55%, and 75% of the sum of monaural responses for N1-BIC, P3-BIC, and LNC-BIC, respectively. Binaural interaction manifested in a decrease of the binaural response compared to the sum of monaural responses. Furthermore, listening condition affected P3 latency only, whereas laterality effects manifested in enhanced N1 amplitudes at the left (T3) vs. right (T4) scalp electrode and in a greater left–right amplitude difference in the right compared to left listening condition. Conclusions: The current AERP data provides evidence for the occurrence of cortical BICs during perceptual and postperceptual stages, presumably reflecting ongoing integration of information presented to the two ears at the final stages of auditory processing. Increasing binaural interaction with the progression of the auditory processing sequence (N1 to LNC) may support the notion that cortical BICs reflect inherited interactions from preceding stages of upstream processing together with discrete cortical neural activity involved in binaural processing. Clinically, an objective measure of cortical binaural processing has the potential of becoming an appealing neural correlate of binaural behavioral performance.

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Laurent, Jean-Paul, and Jacinthe Baribeau. "AERPs and clinical evolution of thought disorders over five years." International Journal of Psychophysiology 13, no. 3 (December 1992): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(92)90077-o.

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7

Colucci, Fabiana, Sara Stefanelli, Elena Contaldi, Andrea Gozzi, Alessia Marchetti, Maura Pugliatti, Michele Laudisi, et al. "Cognition in Patients with Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 (SCA1) and 2 (SCA2): A Neurophysiological and Neuropsychological Approach." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 16 (August 19, 2024): 4880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164880.

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Background/Objectives: Cognitive impairment in spinocerebellar ataxia patients has been reported since the early-disease stage. We aimed to assess cognitive differences in SCA1 and SCA2 patients. Methods: We performed neuropsychological (NPS) and neurophysiological (auditory event-related potentials, aERPs) assessments in 16 SCA1 and 18 SCA2 consecutive patients. Furthermore, clinical information (age at onset, disease duration, motor disability) was collected. Results: NPS tests yielded scores in the normal range in both groups but with lower scores in the Frontal Assessment Battery (p < 0.05) and Visual Analogue Test for Anosognosia for motor impairment (p < 0.05) in SCA1, and the Trail Making Test (p < 0.01), Raven’s progressive matrices (p < 0.01), Stroop (p < 0.05), and emotion attribution tests (p < 0.05) in SCA2. aERPs showed lower N100 amplitude (p < 0.01) and prolonged N200 latency (p < 0.01) in SCA1 compared with SCA2. Clinically, SCA2 had more severe motor disability than SCA1 in the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia Scale. Conclusions: SCA2 showed more significant difficulties in attentional, visuospatial, and emotional function, and greater motor impairment. In contrast, SCA1 showed less cognitive flexibility/phasic ability, probably affected by a more severe degree of dysarthria. The same group revealed less neural activity during nonconscious attentional processing (N100-N200 data), suggesting greater involvement of sensory pathways in discriminating auditory stimuli. NFS did not correlate with NPS findings, implying an independent relationship. However, the specific role of the cerebellum and cerebellar symptoms in NPS test results deserves more focus.

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Bober, Sara L., John Ciriello, and Douglas L. Jones. "Atrial arrhythmias and autonomic dysfunction in rats exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 314, no. 6 (June 1, 2018): H1160—H1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00173.2017.

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Obstructive sleep apnea, which involves chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is a major risk factor for developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether or not CIH alone alters cardiac mechanisms to support AF is unknown. This study investigated the effects of CIH on atrial electrophysiology and arrhythmia vulnerability and evaluated the role of autonomics in CIH promotion of AF. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to 8 h/day of CIH or normoxia for 7 days. After exposure, rats were anesthetized for intracardiac electrophysiological experiments. Atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) and AF inducibility were determined using programmed electrical stimulation and burst pacing in the absence and presence of autonomic receptor agonists and antagonists. Western blot analysis measured atrial protein expression of muscarinic M2, M3, and β1-adrenergic receptors. Compared with normoxia-exposed control rats, CIH-exposed rats had enhanced AF vulnerability using both programmed electrical stimulation and burst pacing, accompanied by greater AERP responses to carbachol and propranolol, lesser responses to isoproterenol, and higher atrial M2 receptor protein levels. Enhanced atrial vulnerability was accentuated by carbachol and abolished by atropine, indicating that the AF-promoting effects of CIH depended principally on parasympathetic activation. Enhancement of atrial vulnerability and AERP shortening with cholinergic agonists in CIH-exposed rats is consistent with sensitivity to parasympathetic activation. Higher responses to adrenergic receptor blockade in CIH-exposed rats is consistent with sympathetic potentiation. These findings implicate CIH as an important mediator of enhanced AF susceptibility in obstructive sleep apnea and provide novel insights into the underlying mechanisms. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates, for the first time, that chronic intermittent hypoxia alone enhances vulnerability to atrial arrhythmia induction, which depends principally on parasympathetic activation. Enhanced atrial vulnerability was accompanied by heightened electrophysiological responses of the atrial myocardium to carbachol and isoproterenol, dampened responses to propranolol, and increased atrial M2 receptor protein levels.

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9

Satterfield, James H., Anne M. Schell, and Richard W. Backs. "Longitudinal study of AERPs in hyperactive and normal children: relationship to antisocial behavior." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 67, no. 6 (December 1987): 531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(87)90055-1.

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10

Kolev, V., J. Yordanova, and V. Silyamova. "An approach to studying the development of a slow negative wave in children's AERPs." International Journal of Psychophysiology 11, no. 1 (July 1991): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90197-6.

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Yordanova, J., A. Angelov, and V. Silyamova. "A fronto-central negative wave in AERPs of children under a choice-reaction task." International Journal of Psychophysiology 11, no. 1 (July 1991): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8760(91)90372-5.

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12

Laurent, Jean-Paul, and Jacinthe Baribeau. "Attentional deficit assessed with AERPs and neuropsychological measures in schizophrenia: A five years study." Schizophrenia Research 9, no. 2-3 (April 1993): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(93)90300-8.

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13

van den Heuvel, Marion I., Renée A. Otte, Marijke A. K. A. Braeken, István Winkler, Elena Kushnerenko, and Bea R. H. Van den Bergh. "Differences between human auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) measured at 2 and 4months after birth." International Journal of Psychophysiology 97, no. 1 (July 2015): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.04.003.

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14

Davis, Tara, Nicholas Stanley, and Lori Foran. "Age-Related Effects of Dichotic Attentional Mode on Interaural Asymmetry: An AERP Study with Independent Component Analysis." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 05 (May 2015): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14094.

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Background: The degree of interaural asymmetry (IA) obtained on a dichotic listening task is affected by attentional demands attributable to the mode of test administration. Previous research has shown that IA in the elderly is more influenced by increased attentional demands than young adults (YAs), but the effect of attentional mode on IA in middle-aged adults (MAs) has not been established. Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs), such as the N400, allow the evaluation of subtle differences in linguistic and cognitive processing between YAs and MAs that are imperceptible by behavioral means. Purpose: To determine the effect of dichotic attentional mode on IA in the N400 in YA and MA listeners. Research Design: Participants listened to groups of words that consisted of a reference word followed by dichotic probe words. Participants judged whether probe words were semantically related or unrelated to the reference word. This semantic judgment task was elicited in both divided-attention (DIV) and directed-attention (DIR) modes. Study Sample: Twenty-three YA (19–25 yr) and twenty-three MA (47–59 yr) females participated in the study. Data Collection and Analysis: Individual, as well as grand-averaged, AERP waveforms, scalp topographies, and event-related potential-image plots were analyzed. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare the N400 amplitude and latency response between ears in both attentional modes. Independent component analysis was used to isolate temporally overlapping neural sources that contributed to the negativity in the latency range of the N400 component. Results: N400 amplitude was significantly more negative in the DIV mode than DIR in both age groups. IA differences between age groups were evident only in DIV, as indicated by an age-related shift in the direction of IA in the N400 from greater asymmetry on the right in YAs to greater asymmetry on the left in MAs. ICA revealed that the age-related difference in IA in the AERP waveform reflected differences between YAs and MAs primarily in an electroencephalographic source process consistent with attentional processing. Conclusions: IA differences between YAs and MAs were revealed in the N400 only in DIV, which was the result of an increased information-processing load. ICA successfully separated temporally overlapping EEG sources that contributed to the N400 component, allowing a refined interpretation of differences in the AERP waveform among groups.

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Tchakaroff, V., and S. Haralanov. "P363 The stimulus relevance as revealed by AERPs in two schizophrenic subtypes of auditory information processing." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 99, no. 4 (October 1996): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(96)88538-5.

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Laurent, J. P., and J. Baribeau. "Longitudinal studies of AERPS and clinical evolution of thought disorders and positive/negative symptoms in schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 6, no. 2 (January 1992): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-9964(92)90179-9.

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Tuomi, Jari M., Peter Chidiac, and Douglas L. Jones. "Evidence for enhanced M3 muscarinic receptor function and sensitivity to atrial arrhythmia in the RGS2-deficient mouse." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 2 (February 2010): H554—H561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00779.2009.

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Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia seen in general practice. Muscarinic ACh receptors (M2R, M3R) are involved in vagally induced AF. M2R and M3R activate the heterotrimeric G proteins, Gi and Gq, respectively, by promoting GTP binding, and these in turn activate distinct K+ channels. Signaling is terminated by GTP hydrolysis, a process accelerated by regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins. RGS2 is selective for Gq and thus may regulate atrial M3R signaling. We hypothesized that knockout of RGS2 (RGS2−/−) would render the atria more susceptible to electrically induced AF. One-month-old male RGS2−/− and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were instrumented for intracardiac electrophysiology. Atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) were also determined in the absence and presence of carbachol, atropine, and/or the selective M3R antagonist darifenacin. Susceptibility to electrically induced AF used burst pacing and programmed electrical stimulation with one extrastimulus. Real-time RT-PCR measured atrial and ventricular content of RGS2, RGS4, M2R, M3R, and M4R mRNA. AERP was lower in RGS2−/− compared with WT mice in both the high right atrium (HRA) (30 ± 1 vs. 34 ± 1 ms, P < 0.05) and mid right atrium (MRA) (21 ± 1 vs. 24 ± 1 ms, P < 0.05). Darifenacin eliminated this difference (HRA: 37 ± 2 vs. 39 ± 2 ms, and MRA: 30 ± 2 vs. 30 ± 1, P > 0.4). RGS2−/− were more susceptible than WT mice to atrial tachycardia/fibrillation (AT/F) induction (11/22 vs. 1/25, respectively, P < 0.05). Muscarinic receptor expression did not differ between strains, whereas M2R expression was 70-fold higher than M3R ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that RGS2 is an important cholinergic regulator in the atrium and that RGS2−/− mice have enhanced susceptibility to AT/F via enhanced M3 muscarinic receptor activity.

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Alonso-Búa, Begoña, Fernando Díaz, and M. José Ferraces. "The contribution of AERPs (MMN and LDN) to studying temporal vs. linguistic processing deficits in children with reading difficulties." International Journal of Psychophysiology 59, no. 2 (February 2006): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2005.03.020.

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Bruder, Jennifer, Paavo H. T. Leppänen, Jürgen Bartling, Valéria Csépe, Jean-Francois Démonet, and Gerd Schulte-Körne. "An investigation of prototypical and atypical within-category vowels and non-speech analogues on cortical auditory evoked related potentials (AERPs) in 9year old children." International Journal of Psychophysiology 79, no. 2 (February 2011): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2010.09.008.

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Kocaaslan Atli, Sibel, Nihal Olgaç Dündar, Onur Bayazit, Nur Evirgen Esin, Uğraş Erdoğan, Gönül Çatli, Mehmet Cemal Kahya, and Bumin Nuri Dündar. "Auditory event-related potentials demonstrate early cognitive impairment in children with subclinical hypothyroidism." Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 7 (July 26, 2019): 689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2018-0463.

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Abstract Background The aim of this study was to examine the cognitive functions of children with subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) and healthy children with the use of auditory event-related potentials (AERPs) and neuropsychological tests. Methods Twenty children aged between 8 and 17 years, diagnosed with SH, and 20 age-matched healthy controls were included in this study. A classical auditory oddball paradigm was applied during the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, and event-related potentials (ERPs) were evaluated between the 0.5- and 20-Hz frequency intervals. P1, N1, P2, N2 and P3 amplitudes and latencies were measured in Fz, FCz, Cz, CPz, Pz and Oz electrodes. Additionally, a number of neuropsychological tests evaluating the reaction time and various cognitive functions were carried out. Results In children with SH, P3 amplitudes in FCz, Cz and CPz electrodes were significantly lower than those in controls (p < 0.05). In addition to this, the P1N1 and N1P2 peak-to-peak amplitude values were also found to be smaller for children with SH than controls (p < 0.05). With regard to the neuropsychological tests, no significant difference was observed between the SH and control groups on any of the cognitive test parameters, reaction time or correct response rates. Conclusions In the present study, while children with SH did not differ from controls with respect to their cognitive functions evaluated via neuropsychological tests, cognitive differences were detected via electrophysiological investigations. This result implies that implicit changes in cognition which are not yet overtly reflected on neuropsychological tests may be detected at an early stage in children with SH.

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Fishlock, Vicki, Fran Michelmore-Root, Norah Njiraini, Catherine Sayialel, Cynthia Moss, and Phyllis Lee. "Developing a user-centred system for long-term elephant monitoring." Pachyderm 63 (December 14, 2022): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.69649/pachyderm.v63i.497.

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Originally envisaged as a three-year project, the Amboseli Elephant Research Project (AERP) has proved a labour of love for a small, dedicated team who have followed the life trajectories of more than 3,900 individual elephants over five decades. AERP’s unique knowledge base is derived from tracking individually recognized animals in a small well-protected population studied continuously since 1972, providing an important baseline for a free-ranging elephant population with an intact age structure. This dataset forms the basis of our demographic analyses (Moss 2001; Lee et al. 2013), and through training, research, books and films has contributed to global understanding of elephant reproductive biology and behaviour; musth: (Poole and Moss 1981; Poole 1987: Poole 1989; Hollister-Smith et al. 2007); oestrus: (Moss 1983); mothering and grandmothering: (Lee et al. 2016; Lee et al. 2022), elephant cognition: (McComb et al. 2001; Bates et al. 2008; McComb et al. 2014) and communication: (Poole et al. 1988; McComb et al. 2000; McComb et al. 2003). How can we now, after a half century of effort, make our data accessible and of continued use to the global elephant community? To try to answer this demand, AERP has moved beyond a simple relational database into a data management system that allows users to add, map, inspect, edit, and extract data. Here we share some of the key concepts that drove this process and outline our hopes for making elements of the system available to other projects that may benefit from similar capacities.

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Marx, Vivien. "Stein Aerts." Nature Methods 16, no. 5 (April 10, 2019): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0397-8.

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Kofod, P., E. Larsen, J. Springborg, S. Larsen, TA Larsen, RJ Geue, and GH Searle. "Sulfur- and Carbon-Bonded Forms of the Cobalt(III) Complex With the Ligands 2-Aminoethyl 3-Aminopropyl Sulfide and 1,1,1-Tris(aminomethyl)ethane." Australian Journal of Chemistry 47, no. 1 (1994): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch9940111.

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The new sulfur-bonded compound [Co(tame)( aeaps )] Cl3.H2O has been synthesized by the reaction of aeaps with Co(tame)Cl3 [tame = 1,1,1-tris( aminomethyl )ethane, and aeaps = 2- aminoethyl 3-aminopropyl sulfide or 3-thiahexane-1,6-diamine]. The Co(tame)( aeaps )3+ ion equilibrates in basic solution with the corresponding carbon-bonded species: Co(tame)( aeaps )3++HO-↔ Co(tame)(C-aeaps )2++H2O A salt of the carbon-bonded species, [Co(tame)(C- aeaps )](S2O6), has been isolated and its structure solved by X-ray diffraction analysis ( C- aeaps = 1,6-diamino-3-thiahexan-4-ide). The crystals are orthorhombic, Pna21, with cell dimensions a 20.455(10), b 9.960(10), c 8.982(10) Ǻ at 122(2) K. Preliminary thermodynamic and kinetic data are similar to the recently reported values for the corresponding coordination ion Co( tacn )( aeaps )3+ ( tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane). In basic solution the Co(tame)( aeaps )3+ species exchanges one of its methylene protons orders of magnitude faster than any other methylene protons and also much faster than it forms the alkyl complex as shown by 13C n.m.r. measurements.

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Connolly, Jim. "Questions for Biotechs: AERAS." Human Vaccines 6, no. 12 (December 2010): 962–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/hv.6.12.14485.

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Kamruzzaman, Md, Katherine A. Daniell, Ataharul Chowdhury, Steven Crimp, and Helen James. "How can agricultural extension and rural advisory services support agricultural innovation to adapt to climate change in the agriculture sector?" Advancements in Agricultural Development 1, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.37433/aad.v1i1.9.

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Because the climate has been rapidly changing and undermining the sustainability of the agriculture sector, Agricultural Extension and Rural Advisory Services (AERAS) need to rethink their contemporary roles and initiatives. Although enhancing agricultural innovation is considered a key process to increase farm income and ensure sustainability under complex climate-affected development conditions, little is known how AERAS can support the process in the said context. A broad range of literature was reviewed and a deductive coding approach was followed to analyze the literature. The findings suggested numerous transformative roles of AERAS providers supporting agricultural innovation. AERAS providers should extend their mandates and broaden their scopes by connecting and working with multiple actors and groups within and beyond the agriculture sector. They need to support interactions and learning among diversified actors to develop complementary understanding and approaches for collective action for climate change adaptation. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing innovation by AERAS providers for climate change adaptation in the agriculture sector.

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Zimmermann, Alisa K., and Fiona Barnett. "What information is important for accredited exercise physiologists to facilitate change in clients living with type 2 diabetes mellitus?" Australian Journal of Primary Health 24, no. 6 (2018): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py18046.

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Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) prescribe exercise and physical activity interventions for people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). During initial consultations, AEPs face the challenge of collecting enough information to facilitate behaviour change and adherence to treatment recommendations. The objective of this research is to explore the initial consultation practices of AEPs with clients living with T2DM and resultant recommendations provided to clients to promote long-term adherence. This study was an exploratory descriptive qualitative study. Twenty-one AEPs who currently practice in the Townsville Region participated in focus groups or semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed using a thematic and triangulation approach. Results revealed that an interview style consultation is standard practice, which varied based on experience of the AEP. Interviewing techniques facilitating behaviour change were under-utilised, especially among less-experienced AEPs who focused on the medical information. Assessment of the psychosocial wellbeing of the client living with T2DM by AEPs was limited. AEPs recommended that group exercise sessions yielded greater success for clients adopting physical activity. It is recommended that new graduate AEPs develop greater confidence in strategies of gathering information to facilitate behaviour change in clients with T2DM. A mentorship program could ensure the continued development of new graduate AEPs through the transfer of knowledge and skills.

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Alkayyis, M. Y., D. P. Sudibyo, and K. Setyowati. "Agri-environmental policies in Indonesian and Thailand: a comparison." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 905, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/905/1/012144.

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Abstract After introducing the Green Revolution in Indonesia and the Sustainable Farming System in Thailand, environmental issues in the agricultural sector became an interesting topic. This article discusses the efforts of the Governments of Indonesia and Thailand in implementing Agri-environmental policies (AEPs). The implementation of AEPs has become a discourse that in the last few decades has played an increasingly vital role for the government to encourage the Environmental Performance Index (EPI) and the Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI). Indonesia and Thailand are two developing countries in the Asia Pacific that have great attention in implementing AEPs. Therefore, this research has two main objectives: 1) Analyzing the determinants of successful implementation of AEPs in the two countries, and 2) Analyzing the role of AEPs in each country for improving the EPI and SNMI. The method used in this research is comparative descriptive with a qualitative approach. Meanwhile, the data collection technique was carried out by studying documentation from various sources related to AEPs. The results show that Indonesia’s AEPs, the Green Revolution, improve the SNMI indicators. Meanwhile, the determinant of the success of the AEPs, namely the Sustainable Farming System in Thailand, is in optimizing the EPI.

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Murphy, Mark, Rose Rohatgi, and Len Liptak. "0539 OAT Device Designs Are Not the Same When it Comes to FDA Adverse Event Reports." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A237—A238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0539.

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Abstract Introduction This investigation analyzes whether differences in OAT device designs are associated with different frequencies of adverse event reports (AERs). Methods Each AER identifies the OAT device used by the patient. Each OAT device was characterized using public information. Investigators utilized data from public sources, such as Frost & Sullivan, to estimate prevalence. Results Most frequently reported events were: allergic, swelling, rash and Pain/Discomfort. Only 2.5% of AERs pertained to dental side effects (tooth movements, bite changes). 98.5% of AERs involved OATs made from Lab Materials (acrylics, thermoformed polymers, nylons). 1.5% of AERs involved OATs made from engineered PMMA or Medical Grade Class VI polymers. OATs with Lab Formed materials were an estimated 22.6 times more likely to have an AER than those with Engineered Materials. Components (Herbsts, clasps, screws) comprised 55.6% of AERs. Elastomeric/Nylon Components (straps, bands, rods) comprised 42.4% of AERs. OATs with Monolithic Structures (no components) accounted for 2.0% of AERs. Compared with monolithic OATs, OATs using Metal Components and OATs using Elastomeric/Nylon components were 18.2 and 13.9 times more likely to have an AER. Anterior Clasps Mechanisms, Push Herbsts, Pull straps, bands, rods, 70-Degree Posts, and 90-Degree Twin Posts accounted for 45%, 42.7%, 6.1%, 5.6% and 0.6% of AERs respectively. Compared with 90-Degree Twin Post Mechanisms, Push mechanisms and OATs with Pull Mechanisms were 154 times and 146 times more likely to have an AER. Lab Formed OATs with Liners, Lab Formed Linerless OATs and Precision Engineered Linerless OAT devices accounted for 77.3%, 21.2% and 1.5% of events reported, respectively. OATs with Liners were an estimated 35.5 times more likely to have an AER than Precision Engineered Linerless OATs. Conclusion All OAT device designs are not the same when it comes to AERs. More AERs are associated with reactions. Dental side effects infrequently result in AERs. OAT devices that use Precision Engineered Materials, Monolithic Structures, 90-Degree Twin Posts and Precision Engineered Linerless designs are associated with lower frequencies of AERs. The results of this investigation suggest that medical guidelines and insurance coding should empower therapy providers with the flexibility to prescribe devices that are associated with fewer AERs. Support (if any)

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Beecroft, Mr Aaron, Dr Shannon Sahlqvist, Dr Kristy Bolton, Dr Peter Kremer, and Dr Niamh Mundell. "UNDERSTANDING THE BARRIERS AND ENABLERS TO ACCREDITED EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGIST’S INTEGRATION WITHIN THE AUSTRALIAN HEALTHCARE SETTING." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 13, s2 (May 1, 2024): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-7629-13-s2.347.

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INTRODUCTION Physical activity (PA) is crucial in managing the high rates of non-communicable disease (NCD) within Australia. Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) are well-placed to assist individuals in managing symptoms of NCD through PA intervention. However, General Practitioner referral rates to AEPs are very low (< 1%), with a lack of time and education reported as key barriers to their referral practices. Research has yet to explore the underutilization of AEPs from the AEP’s perspective. AIM: To explore the perspectives of Australian AEPs regarding their role and utilisation within the healthcare setting. METHODS Currently practicing AEPs (n=15) participated in audio-recorded, individual semi-structured interviews between May to July 2023. Interviews were transcribed and data were analysed via an inductive, semantic approach to reflexive thematic analysis. RESULTS Four primary themes emerged. The first, understanding is important, identified that a key barrier to AEP practice was the general population’s lack of understanding regarding the role of an AEP. The second, education and support of AEPs is crucial, reflected the perception that some recent graduates required further support to be better integrated within the healthcare setting and to provide a higher quality service. The third, interaction is key, highlighted that AEPs regarded communication with referrers as crucial to improve referral processes. The final theme, systematic and policy barriers impact AEP services, highlighted systematic barrier’s including time-consuming administration tasks and cost, as impacting AEP services. CONCLUSION The findings highlight a need to promote the role of AEPs to the general population. Ongoing support is required to ensure recent graduate AEPs can integrate effectively within the healthcare setting. Enhanced connection between AEPs and referrers may assist in generating referrals and broadening the understanding of the profession. Addressing systematic barriers, such as reducing clients’ financial constraints through increased funding, may help improve AEP service uptake.

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Jeong, Yonghwan, Wongun Kim, and Seongjin Yim. "Model Predictive Control Based Path Tracking and Velocity Control with Rollover Prevention Function for Autonomous Electric Road Sweeper." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030984.

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This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC)-based algorithm for rollover prevention of an autonomous electric road sweeper (AERS). For AERS, the basic function of autonomous driving is a path- and velocity-tracking control needed to make a vehicle follow given path and velocity profiles. On the other, the AERS adopts an articulated frame steering (AFS) mechanism which can make cornering behavior agile. Moreover, the tread of the AERS is narrow, and the height of the mass center is high. As a result, it is prone to roll over. For this reason, it is necessary to design a controller for path and velocity tracking and rollover prevention in order to improve maneuverability and roll safety of the AERS. A kinematic model was adopted as a vehicle one for the AERS. With the vehicle model, reference states of position and velocity were determined that are needed to make the AERS track the reference path and prevent rollover. With the vehicle model and reference states, an MPC-based motion controller was designed to optimize articulation angle and velocity commands. The load-transfer ratio (LTR) was used to measure a rollover propensity. To evaluate the proposed algorithm, a simulation was conducted for the U-turn scenario. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm improves path tracking and prevents the rollover of the AERS.

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Spenner, K. "AEROS electron temperature model (1979)." Planetary and Space Science 40, no. 4 (April 1992): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(92)90186-r.

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de Jong, Terry, and Coosje Griffiths. "The Role of Alternative Education Programs in Meeting the Needs of Adolescent Students With Challenging Behaviour: Characteristics of Best Practice." Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling 16, no. 1 (July 1, 2006): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/ajgc.16.1.29.

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AbstractRecently the Ministerial Council on Education, Employment, Training and Youth Affairs (MCEETYA) conducted a nationwide survey on programs that exhibit best practice in addressing student behaviour issues (de Jong, 2004). Seven themes related to the characteristics of best practice were identified in this survey. Alternative education programs (AEPs) was one of them. Although contentious in the context of inclusive education, this survey indicated that, provided they are embedded in best practice, AEPs are still considered to be a creditable means of meeting the needs of adolescent students with challenging behaviour in most Australian education jurisdictions. This being so, what constitutes best practice in the construction and delivery of an AEP? This is the main focus of our article. We briefly define AEPs, submit a continuum of types of AEPs, consider the cases against and in favour of AEPs, and conclude by presenting the characteristics of quality AEPs according to three categories, namely: (1) organisation and partnerships, (2) pastoral care and ethos, and (3) curriculum and pedagogy.

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Smart, Neil A., Andrew Williams, and Katie Lyndon. "The Role and Scope of Accredited Exercise Physiologists in the Australian Healthcare System." Journal of Clinical Exercise Physiology 5, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31189/2165-6193-5.2.16.

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Vocational opportunities for Australian Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) are expanding. Australians with chronic disease may be able to claim some of the healthcare costs associated with AEPs through Medicare. This document aims to explain the place of AEPs in the Australian healthcare system and related industries.

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Tan, Xiao-dan, Xue-fei Yu, Lin Lin, and Tao Wang. "Simulation on the Comparison of Steady-State Responses Synthesized by Transient Templates Based on Superposition Hypothesis." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/476050.

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The generation of auditory-evoked steady-state responses (SSRs) is associated with the linear superposition of transient auditory-evoked potentials (AEPs) that cannot be directly observed. A straightforward way to justify the superposition hypothesis is the use of synthesized SSRs by a transient AEP under a predefined condition based on the forward process of this hypothesis. However, little is known about the inverse relation between the transient AEP and its synthetic SSR, which makes the interpretation of the latter less convincible because it may not necessarily underlie the true solution. In this study, we chose two pairs of AEPs from the conventional and deconvolution paradigms, which represent the homo-AEPs from a homogenous group and the hetero-AEPs from two heterogeneous groups. Both pairs of AEPs were used as templates to synthesize SSRs at rates of 20–120 Hz. The peak-peak amplitudes and the differences between the paired waves were measured. Although amplitude enhancement occurred at ~40 Hz, comparisons between the available waves demonstrated that the relative differences of the synthetic SSRs could be dramatically larger at other rates. Moreover, two virtually identical SSRs may come from clearly different AEPs. These results suggested inconsistent relationships between the AEPs and their corresponding SSRs over the tested rates.

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Flinn, Jane M., Susan Lydick, Ann B. Barnet, and Johanna Lackner. "Infant Malnutrition Affects Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 3_suppl (June 1993): 1359–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.3c.1359.

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Auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) to click and name stimuli were recorded for 23 malnourished infants on admission to and 17 on discharge from hospital, together with those from age-matched controls. The number of peaks on the AEPs and the amplitude were examined. The malnourished infants' AEPs to click stimuli differed from the controls' on admission but not on discharge. The malnourished infants had smaller AEP amplitudes to name than to click stimuli on discharge while the controls did not. The data show that cortical AEPs in infants are affected by malnutrition.

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Palacpac, Eric Parala, Kae Ann Marie Pacsa Balingit, Airon Andrew Dinulos Bonifacio, Marvin Ardeza Villanueva, Randolph Bautista Tolentino, Mary Rose De Leon Uy-DeGuia, Phoebe Lyndia Tolentino Llantada, et al. "Evaluating the Usability, Perceived Performance, and Perceived Effects of KBGAN iHealth© and KBGAN iFeed© Mobile Apps for Buffalo Management in Selected Municipalities in the Philippines." Journal of Buffalo Science 13 (February 19, 2024): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/1927-520x.2024.13.04.

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This study evaluates the KBGAN iHealth© and KBGAN iFeed© mobile apps designed for buffalo health and feeding management, particularly for agricultural extension professionals (AEPs) in selected Philippine municipalities. These apps aim to address challenges in buffalo management, such as limited access to veterinary expertise, personalized recommendations, organized data, communication channels, and difficulties in calculating ideal feed compositions and meeting the distinct needs of smallholder farmers and AEPs. Despite System Usability Scale (SUS) scores indicating marginal acceptability for both apps, weighted mean scores by AEPs for statements assessed on a 5-point Likert scale (1 as strongly disagree and 5 as strongly agree), demonstrate that AEPs reported high confidence in the accuracy of buffalo health diagnostics (Mean of 4.20) and health management recommendations (Mean of 4.17) provided by KBGAN iHealth©. Similarly, KBGAN iFeed© received favorable ratings, with AEPs expressing agreement on the accuracy of feeding recommendations (Mean of 3.89) and the facilitation of feeding ration computations (Mean of 4.00). These positive perceived performance outcomes, coupled with increased confidence (Mean of 4.03) and motivation (Mean of 4.00) among AEPs, suggest the potential for frequent and consistent app usage despite usability concerns. Chi-square tests examining the relationship between AEP characteristics and SUS scores for the apps reveal significant associations between AEPs' education and experience levels and SUS scores for KBGAN iFeed©. The choice of IT device also influences KBGAN iHealth© SUS scores. Proposed enhancements by AEPs include refining algorithms, improving the user interface for navigation, speed, and efficiency, and incorporating features such as photo uploads and geotagging.

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Yue, Rui Feng, and Shu Cai Li. "Preparation and Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane with PDMS Side Chain." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.179.

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A series of waterborne polyurethane with PDMS side chain (SiPU) were synthesized using twice-self-emulsifing method. Effects of AEAPS content on properties of SiPU emulsion and films from SiPU emulsion were discussed. The results showed that SiPU emulsion has good stability when AEAPS content in SiPU was less than 10wt%. The PDMS side chains in SiPU were easily enriched to the air-surface of the SiPU films to lower the surface tension and effectively improve the water resistance of the WPU films. When AEAPS content in SiPU reached to 8wt %, SiPU film had good water resistance but the tensile properties were not changed significantly.

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Pratt, Leslie A., and Paul N. Danese. "More eyeballs on AERS." Nature Biotechnology 27, no. 7 (July 2009): 601–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt0709-601.

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Kennedy, Edward Donald. "Chaucer by David Aers." Studies in the Age of Chaucer 10, no. 1 (1988): 114–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sac.1988.0006.

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Arrow, Kenneth J., B. Douglas Bernheim, Martin S. Feldstein, Daniel L. McFadden, James M. Poterba, and Robert M. Solow. "100 Years of the American Economic Review: The Top 20 Articles." American Economic Review 101, no. 1 (February 1, 2011): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.101.1.1.

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This paper presents a list of the top 20 articles published in the American Economic Review during its first 100 years. This list was assembled in honor of the AER's one-hundredth anniversary by a group of distinguished economists at the request of AER's editor. A brief description accompanies the citations of each article.

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Hokey, David, Michele Tameris, Dawn Henson, Veerabadran Dheenadhayalan, Gretta Blatner, Bruce McClain, Robert Walker, et al. "Safety and immunogenicity of the Ad35/AERAS-402 tuberculosis vaccine in a phase 2 dose-finding clinical trial in BCG-vaccinated healthy infants (VAC5P.1119)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2015): 73.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.73.4.

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Abstract Despite widespread use of BCG, tuberculosis (TB) remains a global threat, with 9 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths reported in 2013. Current vaccine candidates in clinical trials are designed to replace BCG or boost the variable efficacy observed with BCG. One of these is AERAS-402, a replication-deficient Ad35 vaccine encoding a fusion protein of the M. tuberculosis antigens 85A, 85B, and TB10.4. This vaccine has been tested in adults, infants, HIV+ adults and patients on or following treatment for TB and shown to be safe and immunogenic. A phase 2 clinical trial of two doses of AERAS-402 was conducted in healthy infants in South Africa, Kenya, and Mozambique. The original study design consisted of a dose-finding phase followed by an efficacy phase at the selected dose. The trial design was modified to include a third dose of AERAS-402. AERAS-402 was well-tolerated at all dose levels and up to three doses. Despite the addition of a third dose, the predefined immunogenicity target was not met and the efficacy portion of the trial was removed. The third dose failed to increase immune responses, which consisted of a dominant polyfunctional (IFN-γ, IL-2, TNF) and bifunctional (IFN-γ, TNF) CD8 response and a lower magnitude polyfunctional and bifunctional (IL-2, TNF) CD4 responses. These responses were considerably lower than those observed in adults. Alternative methods to enhance responses to AERAS-402, such as heterologous prime-boost approaches, are warranted.

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Song, Mingke. "The Asparaginyl Endopeptidase Legumain: An Emerging Therapeutic Target and Potential Biomarker for Alzheimer’s Disease." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 18 (September 6, 2022): 10223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810223.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is incurable dementia closely associated with aging. Most cases of AD are sporadic, and very few are inherited; the pathogenesis of sporadic AD is complex and remains to be elucidated. The asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) or legumain is the only recognized cysteine protease that specifically hydrolyzes peptide bonds after asparagine residues in mammals. The expression level of AEPs in healthy brains is far lower than that of peripheral organs. Recently, growing evidence has indicated that aging may upregulate and overactivate brain AEPs. The overactivation of AEPs drives the onset of AD through cleaving tau and amyloid precursor proteins (APP), and SET, an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The AEP-mediated cleavage of these peptides enhances amyloidosis, promotes tau hyperphosphorylation, and ultimately induces neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Upregulated AEPs and related deleterious reactions constitute upstream events of amyloid/tau toxicity in the brain, and represent early pathological changes in AD. Thus, upregulated AEPs are an emerging drug target for disease modification and a potential biomarker for predicting preclinical AD. However, the presence of the blood–brain barrier greatly hinders establishing body-fluid-based methods to measure brain AEPs. Research on AEP-activity-based imaging probes and our recent work suggest that the live brain imaging of AEPs could be used to evaluate its predictive efficacy as an AD biomarker. To advance translational research in this area, AEP imaging probes applicable to human brain and AEP inhibitors with good druggability are urgently needed.

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Yim, Seongjin, and Wongun Kim. "Rollover Prevention Control for Autonomous Electric Road Sweeper." Electronics 10, no. 22 (November 14, 2021): 2790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10222790.

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This paper presents a method to prevent the rollover of autonomous electric road sweepers (AERS). AERS have an articulated frame steering (AFS) mechanism. Moreover, the heights of the center of gravity of the front and rear bodies are high. As such, they are prone to rolling over at low speeds and at small articulation angles. A bicycle model with a nonlinear tire model was used as a vehicle model for AERS. Using that vehicle model, path tracking and speed controllers were designed in order to follow a predefined path and speed profile, respectively. To check the rollover propensity of AERS, load transfer ratio (LTR) based the rollover analysis was completed. Based on the results of the analysis, a rollover prevention scheme was proposed. To validate the proposed scheme, a simulation was conducted using a U-shaped path under constant speed conditions. From the simulation, it was shown that the proposed scheme is effective in preventing AERS from rolling over.

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Ugusman, Azizah, Siti Marjiana Ismail, Nur Syahidah Nor Hisam, Chua Kien Hui, Mohammed S. M. Saleh, Abdul Kadir Abdul Karim, Nur Syakirah Othman, Adila A. Hamid, and Amilia Aminuddin. "Piper sarmentosum Roxb. Inhibits Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity in Phorbol 12-Myristate-13-Acetate-Induced Endothelial Cells." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 5 (February 28, 2024): 2806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25052806.

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Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Piper sarmentosum Roxb., an herb known for its antihypertensive effect, lacks a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying its antihypertensive action. This study aimed to elucidate the antihypertensive mechanism of aqueous extract of P. sarmentosum leaves (AEPS) via its modulation of the ACE pathway in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were divided into five groups: control, treatment with 200 µg/mL AEPS, induction 200 nM PMA, concomitant treatment with 200 nM PMA and 200 µg/mL AEPS, and treatment with 200 nM PMA and 0.06 μM captopril. Subsequently, ACE mRNA expression, protein level and activity, angiotensin II (Ang II) levels, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) mRNA expression in HUVECs were determined. AEPS successfully inhibited ACE mRNA expression, protein and activity, and angiotensin II levels in PMA-induced HUVECs. Additionally, AT1R expression was downregulated, whereas AT2R expression was upregulated. In conclusion, AEPS reduces the levels of ACE mRNA, protein and activity, Ang II, and AT1R expression in PMA-induced HUVECs. Thus, AEPS has the potential to be developed as an ACE inhibitor in the future.

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Lee, Sung-Hun, Su-Yeol Park, Kyung-Ho Chung, and Keon-Soo Jang. "Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142318.

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Rubber compounding with two or more components has been extensively employed to improve various properties. In particular, natural rubber (NR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have found use in tire and automotive parts. Diverse fillers have been applied to NR/EPDM blends to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, a new class of mineral filler, phlogopite, was incorporated into an NR/EPDM blend to examine the mechanical, curing, elastic, and morphological properties of the resulting material. The combination of aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and stearic acid (SA) compatibilized the NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite, further improving various properties. The enhanced properties were compared with those of NR/EPDM/fillers composed of silica or carbon black (CB). Compared with the NR/EPDM/silica composite, the incompatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite without AEAPS exhibited poorer properties, but NR/EPDM/phlogopite compatibilized by AEAPS and SA showed improved properties. Most properties of the compatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite were similar to those of the NR/EPDM/CB composite, except for the lower abrasion resistance. The NR/EPDM/phlogopite/AEAPS rubber composite may potentially be used in various applications by replacing expensive fillers, such as CB.

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Phetrak, A., J. Lohwacharin, N. Watanabe, M. Murakami, H. Sakai, K. Oguma, and S. Takizawa. "Competitive removal of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and inorganic anions by anion exchange resins (AERs)." Water Supply 12, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.037.

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Four strong-base anion exchange resins (AERs) with different properties were selected to investigate dissolved organic matter (DOM) removal from river water containing inorganic anions. Rapid sand-filtered water was obtained from a water treatment plant in Tokyo, Japan, and then concentrated by an ultrafiltration membrane for use in ion exchange experiments to simulate high dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and sulfate conditions. AERs removed 23–50% of DOC and 70–80% of UV254 within 30 min despite high sulfate concentration (121 mg/L). Although the materials and structure of the AERs did not affect the reduction of UV254, DOC removal was affected. The highest DOC reduction was achieved by a macroporous polyacrylic AER (Purolite), while the macroporous polystyrene IRA 910 had the lowest DOC removal. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model showed that the rate constants and the initial sorption rates of polyacrylic resins were higher than those by polystyrene resins, suggesting that more hydrophilic structure of AERs exhibited faster DOC removal. Aromatic DOM with a molecular weight (MW) of 800–3,000 Da was almost completely removed by AERs, whereas only half of aromatic DOMs smaller than 800 Da were removed by AERs. Adsorbed DOC comprised less than 6% of all exchanged anions, whereas the adsorbed sulfate was about 90% due to comparatively high concentration of sulfate in the water sample.

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Musiek, Frank E., and Jane A. Baran. "Neuroaudiological Considerations for the Auditory Brainstem Response and Middle Latency Response Revisited: Back to the Future." Seminars in Hearing 43, no. 03 (August 2022): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1756161.

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AbstractThe auditory brainstem response (ABR) and middle latency response (MLR) are two sets of evoked potentials that have made major contributions to the field of diagnostic audiology. Many of these contributions were guided by clinical research audiologists. Though many of these auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) are still being used diagnostically by audiologists, there has been a steep decline in their popularity both clinically and in the research laboratory. This is indeed most unfortunate because these AEPs could and should be advancing our field and benefitting many patients. In this article, some critical research is overviewed that addresses some of the reasons why these AEPs (ABR and MLR) are not being utilized as frequently as they should be for neuroauditory assessments. Reflecting on our past when ABR and MLR were more commonly used can serve as a model for our future. Multiple applications and the diagnostic value of these AEPs are presented in an effort to convince audiologists that these electrophysiologic procedures should be revisited and reapplied in the clinic and research settings. It is argued that the dwindling use of ABR and MLR (and AEPs in general) in the field of audiology is not only remarkably premature but also lacks good scientific grounding. While on the other hand, if applied clinically, the value of these AEPs is both substantial and promising.

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Sharmin, Kamila I. "AADHAAR ENABLED PAYMENT SYSTEM – A NEW INNOVATION TO DIGITAL PAYMENTS OF INDIA." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 4 (April 29, 2020): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.8.

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Aadhaar enabled payment system (AEPS) is a type of payment system that is based on the unique identification number and allows Aadhaar card holder seamlessly make financial transaction through Aadhaar based authentication. The AEPS framework expects to enable all the areas of society by making monetary and banking administrations accessible to all the Aadhaar. AEPS is context through one can make fund transfer, make disbursement, make cash deposit, make extractions, make request for information about bank balance etc.

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Mills, Kale, Anna Tri, and Kari Nilsen. "The COVID-19 Vaccines: A Description of Adverse Events or Reactions Reported in Kansas." Kansas Journal of Medicine 15, no. 1 (February 9, 2022): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol15.15825.

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Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has spread rapidly throughout the world since its discovery in 2019. Three vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna/NIAID/BARDA, and Johnson & Johnson’s Janssen) have been developed for use in the U.S. to aid in the fight against this virus, but have been scrutinized intensely for their efficacy and safety. It is important to understand and interpret the adverse events or reactions (AERs) associated with these vaccines in an objective and analytical manner. The goal of this descriptive study was to provide a resource outlining AERs associated with the three available vaccines in Kansas. Methods. Reports were obtained from the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), representing AERs observed in Kansas from December 11th, 2020, to May 13th, 2021. All data were screened and coded, and descriptive statistics were used to describe AERs based on vaccine manufacturer, age, gender, and reported deaths. Results. Only 0.068% of COVID-19 vaccines doses given were associated with an AER. The most common AERs were fatigue/tiredness, tingling/itching, fever, hives, and muscle/joint paint. Only 0.002% of reports to VAERS were associated with a death. The majority of reports were by females (78.8%) and those aged 30 to 39 (20.6%). Conclusions. No reported AERs were unexpected compared to national data, and no VAERs report provided a causal relationship between vaccine administration and death. Vaccines are, and will continue to be, essential tools to fight COVID-19. Providing a resource of potential AERs could aid in individual decisions to receive a vaccine and may help in the control of COVID-19.

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Ardon-Dryer, Karin, Mary C. Kelley, Xia Xueting, and Yuval Dryer. "The Aerosol Research Observation Station (AEROS)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 8 (April 20, 2022): 2345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-2345-2022.

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Abstract. Information on atmospheric particles' concentration and sizes is important for environmental and human health reasons. Air quality monitoring stations (AQMSs) for measuring particulate matter (PM) concentrations are found across the United States, but only three AQMSs measure PM2.5 concentrations (mass of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of < 2.5 µm) in the Southern High Plains of West Texas (area ≥ 1.8 × 105 km2). This area is prone to many dust events (∼ 21 yr−1), yet no information is available on other PM sizes, total particle number concentration, or size distribution during these events. The Aerosol Research Observation Station (AEROS) was designed to continuously measure these particles' mass concentrations (PM1, PM2.5, PM4, and PM10) and number concentrations (0.25–35.15 µm) using three optical particle sensors (Grimm 11-D, OPS, and DustTrak) to better understand the impact of dust events on local air quality. The AEROS aerosol measurement unit features a temperature-controlled shed with a dedicated inlet and custom-built dryer for each of the three aerosol instruments used. This article provides a description of AEROS as well as an intercomparison of the different instruments using laboratory and atmospheric particles. Instruments used in AEROS measured a similar number concentration with an average difference of 2 ± 3 cm−1 (OPS and Grimm 11-D using similar particle size ranges) and a similar mass concentration, with an average difference of 8 ± 3.6 µg m−3 for different PM sizes between the three instruments. Grimm 11-D and OPS had a similar number concentration and size distribution, using a similar particle size range and similar PM10 concentrations (mass of particles with an aerodynamic diameter of < 10 µm). Overall, Grimm 11-D and DustTrak had good agreement in mass concentration, and comparison using laboratory particles was better than that with atmospheric particles. Overall, DustTrak measured lower mass concentrations compared to Grimm 11-D for larger particle sizes and higher mass concentrations for lower PM sizes. Measurement with AEROS can distinguish between various pollution events (natural vs. anthropogenic) based on their mass concentration and size distribution, which will help to improve knowledge of the air quality in this region.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AERPs'

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