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1
Spalding, I. "Modern Laser Applications." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Management and engineering manufacture 201, no. 3 (August 1987): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_063_02.
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Manufacturing companies in both the mechanical and electrical sectors of industry are now beginning to adopt lasers for an increasing range of materials processing applications, including cutting, drilling, welding and surface treatments of both metals and non-metals. In some of these applications the process or product is completely novel, but for many others the compatibility of the laser with computer numerically controlled (CNC) and robotic techniques, its flexibility in operation, or other practical factors, are helping it to compete with older established fabrication technologies. Some illustrative applications drawn from nuclear, aerospace, and mass production industries are discussed in detail. The paper also touches briefly on the potential importance of laser technology for other industrial applications such as measurement, information technology and chemistry, as well as a few ‘high profile’ scientific applications.
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Sharma, Sushant, Vipin Kumar, Abhishek K. Pathak, Tomohiro Yokozeki, Shailesh Kumar Yadav, Vidya Nand Singh, S. R. Dhakate, and Bhanu Pratap Singh. "Design of MWCNT bucky paper reinforced PANI–DBSA–DVB composites with superior electrical and mechanical properties." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 45 (2018): 12396–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc04023k.
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Yao, Qingyu. "Investigations and Applications in Advanced Materials Processing." Coatings 13, no. 3 (March 17, 2023): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13030631.
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Bouzekova-Penkova, Anna, and Adelina Miteva. "Some Aerospace Applications of 7075 (B95) Aluminium Alloy." Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 34 (2022): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/arb.v34.e15.
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Nowadays, aluminium alloys are of growing interest to scientists and are widely used in aerospace and allied industries due to their inherent lightness, high strength to weight ratio, excellent thermal and electrical conductance, good reflectivity and low working cost. Among the conventional structural materials used in aerospace applications aluminium alloys are frontrunners. This is due to the ability of modern aluminium alloys to achieve unique combination of properties, through alloying and heat treatment, tailored to particular applications. Aluminum alloy 7075 (B95) is a high-strength alloy that works in extreme conditions and is used in modern construction of aircraft, spacecraft and satellites. In this mini-review, we will briefly focus on some of the existing and growing applications of some 7xxx aluminum alloys, in particular 7075 (B95), in the aerospace industry. Possible options for continuing work in this area are considered, and some Bulgarian developments are presented.
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Rowe, M. D., V. R. Ishwar, and D. L. Klarstrom. "Properties, Weldability, and Applications of Modern Wrought Heat-Resistant Alloys for Aerospace and Power Generation Industries." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 128, no. 2 (March 1, 2004): 354–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2056527.
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Alloy selection and alloy design both require consideration of an array of material attributes, including in-service properties, weldability, and fabricability. Critical properties of modern heat-resistant alloys for gas turbine applications include high-temperature strength, thermal stability, oxidation resistance, and fatigue resistance. In this paper, the properties of 12 solid-solution-strengthened and six age-hardenable heat-resistant alloys are compared. Weldability is an important attribute and can be a major limiting factor in the use of certain alloys. Weldability test methods are discussed, and the resistance of alloys to solidification cracking and strain-age cracking is compared. The use of weldability testing in the development of modern heat-resistant alloys is discussed with several examples cited. Finally, alloy selection for gas turbine components is outlined, taking into account both alloy properties and fabricability.
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Borisovich, V. T., V. N. Ivanov, and Z. M. Nazarova. "THE STATUS OF THE MINERAL RAW MATERIALS BASE OF PRECIOUS METALS OF RUSSIA AND THEIR ROLE IN THE MODERN ECONOMY." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2018-2-59-64.
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The current state of the mineral resource base of gold, silver, platinum and palladium for different geological and industrial types of deposits has been shown. For each of the given metals reserves, probable reserves and allocated fund of deposits in Russia have been given. For all bank precious metals volumes of the market offers have been given. Special attention has been paid to the use of the metals both in the world and in Russia. In the practice of market relations, the demand for precious metals can be divided into two types: fabrication (industrial) and hoarding (investment). Precious metals are used in jewelry, electronic, glass, nuclear, pharmaceutical, chemical, petrochemical and other industries. They find their application in medicine and biomedicine, automotive, microelectronics, aerospace instrument making, the manufacturing of lasers and nuclear tests. It has been noted that in our country a great disadvantage is the weak industrial use of precious metals.
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Popov, Vladimir V., Maria Luisa Grilli, Andrey Koptyug, Lucyna Jaworska, Alexander Katz-Demyanetz, Damjan Klobčar, Sebastian Balos, Bogdan O. Postolnyi, and Saurav Goel. "Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing Using Critical Raw Materials: A Review." Materials 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2021): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14040909.
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The term “critical raw materials” (CRMs) refers to various metals and nonmetals that are crucial to Europe’s economic progress. Modern technologies enabling effective use and recyclability of CRMs are in critical demand for the EU industries. The use of CRMs, especially in the fields of biomedicine, aerospace, electric vehicles, and energy applications, is almost irreplaceable. Additive manufacturing (also referred to as 3D printing) is one of the key enabling technologies in the field of manufacturing which underpins the Fourth Industrial Revolution. 3D printing not only suppresses waste but also provides an efficient buy-to-fly ratio and possesses the potential to entirely change supply and distribution chains, significantly reducing costs and revolutionizing all logistics. This review provides comprehensive new insights into CRM-containing materials processed by modern additive manufacturing techniques and outlines the potential for increasing the efficiency of CRMs utilization and reducing the dependence on CRMs through wider industrial incorporation of AM and specifics of powder bed AM methods making them prime candidates for such developments.
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Chen, Yan Yan. "The Application of Carbon Fiber Materials in Sports Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 687-691 (November 2014): 4240–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.687-691.4240.
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Carbon fiber materials are not only widely used in aerospace, automotive and other industries, but also develop one of the best sports equipment selection. Elaborated by typical examples, this paper introduces the carbon fiber material used in the game of high-tech equipment and indicates that this material greatly promoted the improvement of sports performance. Carbon fiber materials have become one of the new materials which are essential for the development of modern sports equipment.
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Ovodenko, Anatoliy, Yan Ivakin, Elena Frolova, and Maria Smirnova. "Qualimetric model for assessing the impact of the level of development of corporate information systems on the quality of aerospace instrumentation." E3S Web of Conferences 220 (2020): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022001017.
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In the context of the digital transformation of the economy, the effective development of corporate information systems of research and production holdings of aerospace instrumentation is becoming one of the decisive factors in ensuring the high quality of domestic avionics. This article is devoted to the analysis of the influence factor of digitalization and informatization processes in scienceintensive industries of modern aerospace instrumentation, as well as the definition of a qualimetric model for assessing its impact on the quality of domestic avionics products in the current economic and technological conditions. The influence of the level of development of corporate information systems of aerospace instrumentation enterprises on the quality of domestic avionics products is assessed in the article on the basis of the corresponding hierarchy of quality indicators. The proposed model of the influence of the level of development of corporate information systems on the quality of aerospace instrumentation products assumes the choice of the form of the integral criterion depending on the external requirements for the efficiency of the assessment, the sensitivity of the system of quality indicators.
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Singh, Priyanka, Ravinder Kumar Tomar, Krishna Mohan Agarwal, Harsh Kaushik, and S. K. Singh. "Synthesis of Carbon Fiber Composites and Different Methods to Improve its Mechanical Properties: A Comprehensive Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 889, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/889/1/012013.
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Abstract Efficient and innovative products can be made using high strength and lighter weight (almost half the steel weight) in modern-day automobile industries. One such material is Carbon Fiber, and it is used as its composites made with the help of epoxy resins. Carbon Fibers applications are increasing in use, in both the aerospace and automobile industries. The corrosion resistance and damping properties of the material can be put to better use in constructions that are heavily strained. The paper aims to review the manufacturing of Carbon fiber composites and their mechanical properties (tensile & flexural strength), which ultimately deals with their applications in the automobile industry. Also, it deals with a review of a few methods or substances used to improve the mechanical properties of carbon fiber composites.
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Younus, Muhammad, Yong Yu, Hu Lu, and Yu Qing Fan. "Study and Execution of Advanced Batch Production Planning System for an Aerospace Industry." Applied Mechanics and Materials 16-19 (October 2009): 748–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.16-19.748.
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Modern manufacturing industries are increasingly faced with international competition and fluctuating market conditions in the age of globalization. In striving to remain competitive, manufacturing industries must deliver products to customer at the lowest cost, at the best quality and in the minimum lead time. As a result, it becomes mandatory to design and implement the advance production planning and scheduling system that supports shorter product cycles despite more complex and specialized manufacturing processes. The advance production planning and scheduling system provides the leaner production strategies and real time information throughout the industry. This paper presents an appropriate Advance Production Planning and Scheduling Software System for a batch production aerospace manufacturing industry. The Software system receive the customer‘s order and perform material requirement planning using software. The software system sends procurement requisition to the procurement department for the materials which is not available in the store for manufacturing of parts. It issues release order to the store section for the issuance of material to the manufacturing shops. It also issues weekly and daily plan with production schedule to the manufacturing shops. It also issues work orders to the production shops for the manufacturing and assembly of the parts. On the completion of the product assembly, proper closing of the work orders has to be done and product may deliver to the warehouse for further handing over to the customers. In case of modification of order by the customer, the Software System will automatically update the relevant data.
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Tabaković, Nedim, and Benjamin Durakovic. "Impact of Industry 4.0 on Aerospace and Defense Systems." Defense and Security Studies 2 (August 23, 2021): 63–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37868/dss.v2.id170.
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The aim of this article is to address key features and the wave of new technologies that Industry 4.0 brings to Aerospace and Defense Systems. This research paper enthusiastically depicts what the future of the Aerospace and Defense industry could be while also providing information about those braves enough to already step into the world of all around digitalization. With this approach, the aim is to interconnect every step of the operation towards creating a mostly perfect environment which cuts off any human mistake and guarantees increase in revenue stream and customer satisfaction. The main method of implementation of Industry 4.0 to many industries is digitalization. Digitalization is the digital upgrade to any company or industry which, when applied correctly, guarantees nothing but success in revenue streams and customer service. This process is a complex blend of many modern technologies and implementing such a hefty upgrade might be problematic to those who have been surviving on very old business models for tens of years. Industry 4.0 is a fast-changing environment and those who are quickly adapting to this wave of change are setting themselves for success. The primary goal of this research paper is to provide an insight into the world of technology Industry 4.0 offers and how that technology could help Aerospace and Defense create a portal to the future.
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Kuzmych-Ianchuk, Ie K., Yu S. Borisov, and A. V. Bernatskyy. "Laser-Microplasma Reactive Powder Spraying of Titanium Coatings with Nitride Phases." Applied Mechanics and Materials 682 (October 2014): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.682.276.
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One of the actual problems of modern surface engineering is to improve the wear and corrosion resistance of structural elements made of titanium and titanium alloys, which owing to a number of unique characteristics are becoming more widely used in industries such as aerospace, chemical engineering, medicine and many others. Promising way to improve the tribological characteristics as well as corrosion resistance in aggressive environments of such materials is the formation of titanium nitride layers on the surface. Titanium nitride is characterized by high hardness (up to 20000 MPa), wear resistance, chemical resistance and high refractory properties [1], which allows to significantly expand applicability and product lifetime of these materials.
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Vasantha Kumar, Karutha Pandian, and Muthusamy Balasubramanian. "Optimization of FSW Processing Factors on Hardness for Dissimilar AA6061-T6 and AZ31B O Alloys." Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 3 (March 25, 2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2021.7316.
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In modern industries, such as aerospace, automotive, marine and others, aluminium and magnesium alloys are the most frequently used non-ferrous materials. This paper discusses optimising processing factors to produce a high hardness of dissimilar Al/Mg alloys. The experiment was designed and conducted by varying input factors according to response surface methodology-central composite design. The regression model has been developed between the processing factor and hardness based on the results of the experiment. ANOVA is used to validate the regression model and to assess the percentage of each hardness factor’s contribution. Finally, the desirability approach is used to optimise the processing factor for high hardness.
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De Brito, Crystopher Cardoso, Fabrício Dias Magalhães, André Luiz de Morais Costa, and Cláudio Alves Siqueira. "Microstructural Analysis and Tensile Properties of Squeeze Cast Al-7%Mg Alloy." Materials Science Forum 643 (March 2010): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.643.119.
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Squeeze casting is one of the modern casting processes, which was invented to address these shortcomings and has a high potential to produce sound casting alloys. Magnesium Alloys are the lightest structural alloys commercially available and have great potential for applications in aerospace and automobile industries. In this article, the influence of pressure variation on the microstructure and defects formation in the Al-7%Mg alloy during squeeze casting process was studied. It was observed that a small external pressure of 20 MPa promoted structural refinement and a significant increasing in the ultimate tensile strength. This improvement in structure and properties is attributed to increasing in the cooling rate during squeezing.
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Khowja, Muhammad Raza, Robert Abebe, Gaurang Vakil, Adam Walker, Chintan Patel, Chris Gerada, Phaneendra Babu Bobba, and Giuseppe Leonardo Cascella. "Review on the Traditional and Integrated Passives: State-of-the-Art Design and Technologies." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010088.
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With the increased necessity of a high power density and efficient system in aerospace and marine industries, integrated motor drives provide an excellent solution in the modern era. Therefore, a close structural and functional integration of passive components has become a prerequisite task to make a compact overall system. This article reviews the existing motor drives system with integrated passive technologies. To start, the design aspect of the traditional and integrated filter inductors, using the area product approach, is discussed. Subsequently, layouts of traditional and integrated inductors are presented. The available capacitor technologies, suitable for integration, are also discussed with pros and cons of each capacitor type.
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Bo, Zang, Zang Lei, and Chang Xin. "Application of Artificial Intelligence in Spacecraft Ground Testing." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460, no. 1 (April 1, 2023): 012171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012171.
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Abstract With the accelerated application of new-generation information technologies, developed countries have implemented digitalization strategies to gain a competitive advantage in the digital era. Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in a wide range of modern industries. Our country has put increasing emphasis on AI technologies, and our aerospace industry is being more digitalized. This study focuses on the application prospects of AI in spacecraft ground testing. It aims to build smart labs driven by products and discusses how to integrate AI into the process of quality supervision, instability prediction, situational awareness analysis for equipment, and optimization of knowledge-driven product design, thus digitalizing spacecraft ground tests.
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Rakesh, Kumar, Thakur Harsh, Kumar Mohit, Luthra Gaurav, and Kumar Santosh. "Corrosion and wear behavior of metal matrix composites." i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, no. 3 (2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.3.19400.
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One of the most significant classes of engineering materials in the modern period is Metal Matrix Composites(MMCs). In recent years, MMCs have attracted a lot of attention. MMCs are displacing traditional metallic materials in the automobile and aerospace industries owing to their numerous advantageous characteristics, which include low weight, high specific strength, good wear resistance, enhanced resistance to creep, etc. MMCs aid in improving the functionality of industrial parts without adding extra weight to the system. Despite the fact that several distinct types of MMCs have been created over the years, aluminum and magnesium MMCs have emerged as the most promising materials in the aerospace and automotive fields due to their improved tribological performance, low weight, and excellent mechanical properties. However, there are a number of factors that are divided into three categories that affect the tribological behavior of these MMCs, including the reinforcement material (volume fraction, reinforcement type, shape), the operating conditions (sliding speed, normal load), and the environmental conditions (relative humidity and temperature). This study seeks to give a thorough review of the history, categorization, materials, and applications in many fields, as well as the distinct tribological and corrosion behavior of the Al/Mg MMCs under various situations. To pave the way for future researchers working in these sectors, it also outlines the methods and properties used in the study.
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Soloveva, O. V., S. A. Solovev, and R. Z. Shakurova. "Review of modern ceramic cellular materials and composites used in heat engineering." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 25, no. 1 (April 24, 2023): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2023-25-1-82-104.
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THE PURPOSE. Cellular ceramic materials and composites have found application in many industries: energy, chemical industry, construction, aerospace. Due to their high thermomechanical properties, resistance to high temperatures and low density, cellular ceramic materials are widely used as heat exchangers for heat recovery from exhaust gases of gas turbine engines, combined-cycle plants, industrial furnaces, etc. The purpose of this work is to review modern cellular ceramic materials and composites used in heat engineering and having different structure, properties and chemical composition.METHODS. We have carried out a broad review of the literature on ceramic cellular materials and composites. We studied both domestic and foreign literature.RESULTS. The analysis of cellular ceramic materials with a regular (lattices) and random (foam) structure has been carried out. The main factors influencing the properties of ceramic foams and lattices are analyzed. Also, the main methods for the production of ceramic materials were studied, their advantages and disadvantages were revealed. A review of modern composite materials based on a ceramic matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplates, and carbon fibers has been carried out.CONCLUSION. The properties of ceramic cellular materials, as well as their areas of application, depend on the production methods and the structure of the material. Open-cell foams are used as filters, heat exchangers, while closed-cell foams are used as thermal insulation. Applications for ceramic lattices are limited by the precision, resolution, and size of 3D printing. Thus, the improvement of additive manufacturing technologies will improve the characteristics of ceramic gratings and expand their areas of application.
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Mościcki, Adrian, Bartosz Chmiela, and Maria Sozańska. "Effect of Hydrogen on the Corrosion of Rare Earth-Containing Magnesium Alloys in Sodium Sulfate Solution." Solid State Phenomena 231 (June 2015): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.231.33.
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Modern magnesium alloys containing rare earth (RE) elements from the Mg-Y-RE-Zr and Mg-Al-RE systems are characterized by low density and good mechanical properties. Therefore, these alloys are used in the automotive and aerospace industries. However, magnesium alloys offer insufficient corrosion resistance in environments containing electrolyte solutions. Hydrogen is themain corrosive factor appearing during chemical reactions between magnesium and water in anelectrolyte solution. The results showed that when samples were immersed in 0.1M sodium sulfate solution, some cracks were observed inside the Al11RE3 and Al8CeMn4 intermetallic phases. Phase identification was performed by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The microstructure of the alloys before and after corrosion was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).
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Serdyuk, A. I., I. D. Belonovskaya, and A. B. Radygin. "The Experience of Target Training for the Defense Industry." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 10 (December 3, 2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-10-125-135.
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The paper highlights the changes in the requirements for training of engineering personnel in connection with the rapid development of new machine-building technologies. Along with traditional engineering knowledge and skills, this training should provide the development of students’ competencies in the field of computer technology for design automation, production preparation. It is noted that the rich practical experience of engineers and teachers of the older generation in new conditions becomes obsolete; they can hardly acquire the rapidly changing computer systems of scientific research of subject areas, new technologies, such as 3D graphics and engineering analysis of structures, the system digitalization of production technologies as a whole. To train specialists of a new generation, technical universities should provide: modern educational and laboratory facilities including various computer and controller systems; applicants who have sufficient basic background and technical aptitude; high-skilled teaching staff specialized in modern computer technology willing to upgrade their teaching skills and personal qualifications. The paper dwells on the state support measures for universities to improve personnel training for high-tech industries, which include as a priority the system of personnel training for the military-industrial complex. The authors present an accumulated experience of the Aerospace Institute of the Orenburg State University in the area of stage-by-stage construction of modern educational and laboratory facilities, the formation of student contingent, retraining and raising qualification of the teaching staff, interaction with employers and partners.
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Kabanov, А. А. "Model-based development production of rocket and space systems in the context of products in aerospace universities." Spacecrafts & Technologies 6, no. 3 (September 26, 2022): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.26732/j.st.2022.3.05.
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The work continues a series of publications devoted to the big topic of the formation of an end-to-end design and production-experimental environment in aerospace universities. This time, one of the components of this environment, which is currently least represented in educational institutions, is considered – the direction of model-oriented development of rocket and space industries. The substantiation of the relevance and necessity of studying the subject in modern conditions is given, and not only for specialists studying under the training programs for specializations in the production and technological profile but also for the design profile. Particular attention is paid to the parallel development of products in the context of their production systems and the development of production in the context of manufactured products. Groups of models used in the framework of model-based joint development of products and their production, as well as types of simulated production processes, are identified. The theoretical and methodological foundations of the developed approach to the development of educational disciplines of the direction, based on the experience of developing models of machine-building industries of rocket and space enterprises, are outlined. The structure and content of the disciplines are given. The experience of implementation in the educational process is analyzed, including on the example of practical tasks performed by students. The presented results can be adapted and used in other branches of mechanical engineering with a discrete type of production.
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Chen, Jui-Lung. "Status-quo and Development of Cutting-tool Industry in Taiwan and China." International Business Research 11, no. 8 (July 19, 2018): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v11n8p90.
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Cutting plays a very important role in the manufacturing industry. The global industries of general machinery, automobile, aviation and aerospace, energy, medical, rail transit, mold and machine tools, etc. cannot do without cutting-tool equipment. Modern efficient cutting-tools focus on high accuracy, high efficiency, high reliability and customization. The type numbers and varieties of cutting-tools produced in Taiwan and China are becoming rich day by day. Therefore, this research explored the cutting-tool industry in Taiwan and China, and employed expert interview, five forces analysis, and PEST analysis to analyze the industry. This study offered conclusions based on the research results and provide specific, substantial business improvement, policy formulation and other related recommendations for relevant industry, government-related units and academic research.
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Matsur, German, Vladislav Mironenko, Anastasia Savelyeva, Kirill Votyakov, and Nadezhda Karabontseva. "Improvement of the process of control of the geometric characteristics of assembly parts with spatially complex surfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2373, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 062027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2373/6/062027.
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Abstract Significant improvements have been made to measurement systems to meet changing market requirements. Such a rapid change and development of measuring technology is primarily due to the requirements for accuracy and accuracy in aerospace and other manufacturing industries. Coordinate-measuring machines (CMM) gave a new impetus in the field of geometric and dimensional metrology. CMM in the industrial environment has become an important resource for quality systems, monitoring production processes, reducing errors in the production process, checking product specifications and constantly improving quality. Although modern CMMs can better meet the needs of rapidly growing customer requirements, there are still many opportunities to improve and develop CMM. The globalization of production has led to the development of many complex products and the automation of mechanical components. Therefore, there is a need to develop a technique for controlling the thickness of the residual web for parts with geometrically complex surfaces. Using the creation of measurement map templates in the CAD system, scanning scans in the standard laser tracker software, as well as creating appropriate leaders with subsequent loading into the CAD system.
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BRONIEWICZ, Mirosław, Sandra MLONEK, and Romuald SZELĄG. "Design of joints of thin sheet parts with mechanical connections (according to EN 1993-1-3)." Inżynieria Bezpieczeństwa Obiektów Antropogenicznych, no. 4 (December 5, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37105/iboa.121.
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The main direction of development of steel building structures is to reduce the cost of implementation of buildings without changing their load-bearing capacity and value in use. Therefore, an essential factor in the development is the introduction of modern technologies. Solutions from other industries such as automotive or aerospace, have been adapted to perform building structures. As a result, today in the construction industry we use lightweight steel profiles from cold-bent elements. Modern technology and advanced calculation theory make it possible to build these structures much more economically than previous conventional systems. Elements and products made of thin sheets allow to reduce costs of construction, but at the same time is associated with the possibility of defects resulting in the appearance of a state of failure of structural elements or the entire facility. Connection zones of thin-walled elements are always the critical points, hence the need for a particularly thorough assessment at the design stage, and then at the implementation of the investment. Correct application of the presented calculation procedure in article will allow the design and realization of modern structures, which will be durable and safe in operation for the expected period of time.
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Summerfield, P. H. "36th Roy Chadwick Lecture — Manufacturing Breakout 1941-1991. Development in aerospace industry manufacturing techniques." Aeronautical Journal 96, no. 952 (February 1992): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000024519.
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Fifty years ago, the A.V. Roe Team took the Lancaster four engined bomber (Fig. 1) from concept to first flight in a period of about nine months. Under the driving pressures of War and with an outstanding approach to the challenges of the project, a number of key concepts emerged, which are still considered modern and innovative today: Teamworking and leadershipDesign for ease of productionSimultaneous engineeringMaterials and parts supply logisticsThis approach considered the aircraft engineering process as a whole and kept the ultimate aims of the project uppermost.The project achieved remarkable manufacturing performance targets; assembly of 49 aircraft per week at peak production, combined with a three and a half day assembly lead time.After the War, the need to manufacture aircraft in large volumes decreased and at the same time rapid technical advancements dramatically increased aircraft complexity. The nature of the industry changed and the balanced application of design engineering and manufacturing logistics that had made Lancaster manufacture so successful, became of secondary importance. During the 1970s and 1980s improvements in manufacturing within the aerospace industry were fragmented and now, at the beginning of 1990s, when the UK aerospace industry is compared with other sophisticated, high-technology industries, most business performance indicators are firmly at the bottom of the league (Fig. 2).
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Möwius, Stefan, Nicolas Kropff, and Mircea Velicescu. "Measurement technologies for permanent magnets." ACTA IMEKO 7, no. 4 (January 9, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i4.572.
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<p class="Abstract">Permanent magnets have a broad application in many important fields in modern technology. They have become indispensable in the automotive, aerospace, acoustic, telecommunications, energy generation, and many more industries. Physically, a permanent magnet is a metastable system. Fluctuations in composition and processing parameters can cause fluctuations in magnetic properties. To obtain the optimal performance in their application, users require careful control of non-machined parts and of the finished machined magnets. In most cases, the measurement of the final control of the assembled magnetic systems must be performed. The aim of this paper is to review the most common measurement methods used for the magnetic properties of permanent magnets, to comment on their advantages and limitations, and to discuss the level of accuracy that they can achieve.</p>
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Zamorin, Vladimir. "Participation of the Chinese Military-Industrial Complex in the Implementation of the State Plan "Made in China — 2025"." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 2 (2023): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120025262-9.
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The article examines the content and driving forces of the "Made in China — 2025" Plan adopted by the State Council of the People's Republic of China in 2015, also examines the key objectives of the Plan and the main factors influencing its implementation, reveals the spheres and stages of development of the technological base of Chinese industry. The current state of participation of Chinese military-industrial corporations in the "Made in China — 2025" Plan is outlined, examples of specific achievements of Chinese industrial and technological leaders in competition with developed countries in international markets are given. The article provides evidence that the civil-military integration conducted under the leadership of Chinese President Xi Jinping in 2010-2016 led to the acceleration of technological development of both the civil and defense industries of the PRC, and became an important impetus for the development of industrial production in China. The features of the the Plan in ten main areas are studied, such as robotics, aerospace and shipbuilding, information technology, rail transport, industries related to energy conservation, biotechnology, medicine, etc. We also offer an analytical study of the reasons for the results achieved by Chinese corporations in the modern period, as well as opportunities for further growth. In addition, the article discloses the issues of competition between Chinese manufacturers and American companies, the implementation of sanctions by Americans against Chinese corporations, as well as big differences in approaches to cooperation with China in Russia and the United States. The article estimates the prospects for China's global industrial and technological leadership and concludes that Chinese industrialists will highly likely fulfill the tasks of the "Made in China — 2025" Plan.
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HRYMAK, ROMAN, OLEKSANDR PASICHNYK, TETIANA SKRYPNYK, and EDUARD MANZIUK. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OF MAKING CONTROLLED CRITICALLY SAFE DECISIONS ABOUT MODEL PARAMETERS CONVERSION AT TRANSFER BETWEEN VISUALIZATION SYSTEMS." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 299, no. 4 (October 2021): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2021-299-4-35-42.
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In modern production, computer-aided design systems have become widespread, which provide the opportunity to create technological processes with less time and engineering. Automated design system is a system capable of automated level to implement information technology to perform design functions, is an organizational and technical set of software tools designed to automate the design process, consisting of staff and a group of technical, software and other means of automating its activities. Computer-aided design systems are an important link in industrial design, widely used in many industries, including the automotive, shipbuilding and aerospace industries, industrial and architectural design, prosthetics and many others. CAD is also widely used in computer animation for special effects in movies, commercials, and technical materials, often referred to as digital content. Due to its economic importance, the computer-aided design system has become the main driving force of research in the field of computational geometry, computer graphics (both hardware and software) and discrete differential geometry. In today’s automated manufacturing market, most constructors use additional engineering software. As a rule, such add-ins are used in the functional infrastructure of a specialized set of solutions that implement the principle of building information modeling (BIM). The most common system of this type is Autodesk Revit, a platform that provides three-dimensional modeling of building elements and flat drawing of design elements, designed for architects, designers and design engineers. This research presents the results of information technology for Autodesk Revit computer-aided design system based on 2019-2021 packages, which will allow users of the architectural visualization platform to use the functions of viewing, processing, mathematical transformation and serialization on elements of 3D building models.
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Thirukumaran, M., I. Siva, JT Winowlin Jappes, and V. Manikandan. "Forming and drilling of fiber metal laminates – A review." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 37, no. 14 (April 27, 2018): 981–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684418771194.
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In aviation industries, most of the stiffened structural components are manufactured by forming and laminating process. Combination of several conventional manufacturing processes is required in modern industries in hybrid laminate production. Fiber metal laminates undergo various joining process during assembly of aero-structures. Among them, forming and drilling are often required during assembly. Understanding the significance of various process parameters enables quality production and assembly of fiber metal laminates structures. Many researchers explored the cause and effect of few parameters and mechanisms which significantly alter the quality of form and drill. This review describes the progress in forming and drilling of fiber metal laminates for aerospace applications. Especially towards the process parameters, defects and their causes along with the preferred solutions recommended by the researcher society in forming and drilling processes. Numerous factors have controlled the quality of forming and drilling processes. Due to the machining parameters, different failure modes will occur in different layup of the laminates. To overcome the failures in machining/forming of fiber metal laminates, choosing the optimum parameter for the selection based procedure is needed to improve quality of fiber metal laminates.
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Ptashchenko, O. V., and V. A. Vovk. "Features of Ukraine’s Trade Cooperation in the Current Conditions of Globalization." Business Inform 4, no. 519 (2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-4-42-47.
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The article considers the main features of the high-tech sphere and the possibility of trade cooperation therein. Technological progress has completely changed the structure of the modern world economy. Thanks to the technologies, novel activities have been developed, many of which are efficient and highly profitable. A classic example of the impact of the introduction of high technologies in everyday life is the emergence and use of new information technology. Due to the widespread use of new communication technology, the transmission cost of voice, data, text, images, as well as international fees for the transmission of information have sharply decreased. Fast data transfer (e.g. e-mail, via the Internet) and teleconferences have provided economy with modern communication and the ability to do business around the world, allowing to significantly increase the speed of operations and thus receive increased profits. According to the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, trade cooperation in the high-tech sphere can be divided into several directions: IT industry, defense industry, energy complex, aerospace industry. Thus, about 85% of energy and oil and gas equipment is exported during a year. The main export destinations are Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan and the UAE. Therefore, energy, oil and gas companies are less susceptible to the crisis in the economy over the past few years. This is due to the fact that the work of enterprises in these sectors is mainly based on long-term contracts, most of which serve projects for the construction of gas pipelines, oil pipelines and the reconstruction of power plants. Such projects continue to be financed by Central Asian countries. Despite some significant successes in such industries as aerospace, energy equipment production, heavy and transport engineering, and some others, the state of the industry in general does not meet the modern requirements of both the domestic and the world economy. First of all, Ukraine lacks a number of high-tech industries that determine export positions. The quality and technological solutions of electronic products, household appliances, agricultural and road-building machines, as well as a number of other goods are significantly inferior to foreign counter-parts. Technological exchange or trade cooperation in the high-tech sphere in a broad sense can be understood almost the entire range of international economic relations, including the purchase and sale of patents and licenses, trade in goods and services.
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Muhammad, Riaz, Naseer Ahmed, Anish Roy, and Vadim V. Silberschmidt. "Turning of Advanced Alloys with Vibrating Cutting Tool." Solid State Phenomena 188 (May 2012): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.277.
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A demand for high-strength alloys in aerospace, marine and off-shore industries has stimulated development of new and efficient machining techniques. In the recent past, a novel machining technique known as ultrasonically assisted turning (UAT) has been introduced; in it low-energy ultrasonic vibration is superimposed on movement of a cutting tool. In the present work, a comparative study of machining of two advanced alloys - Ti15V3Cr3Al3Sn and Inconel 718 - is carried out numerically by developing a two-dimensional finite-element model of the turning process. A non-linear material description is used in the FE model to incorporate plastic deformation behaviour of the high-strength alloys. The model is employed to investigate the effect of tool geometry and contact conditions on cutting forces, temperature of the cutting region and the chip shape in orthogonal turning of modern alloys.
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Abro, Kashif Ali, Abdon Atangana, and Ali Raza Khoso. "Dynamical behavior of fractionalized simply supported beam: An application of fractional operators to Bernoulli-Euler theory." Nonlinear Engineering 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2021-0017.
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Abstract The complex structures usually depend upon unconstrained and constrained simply supported beams because the passive damping is applied to control vibrations or dissipate acoustic energies involved in aerospace and automotive industries. This manuscript aims to present an analytic study of a simply supported beam based on the modern fractional approaches namely Caputo-Fabrizio and Atanagna-Baleanu fractional differential operators. The governing equation of motion is fractionalized for knowing the vivid effects of principal parametric resonances. The powerful techniques of Laplace and Fourier sine transforms are invoked for investigating the exact solutions with fractional and non-fractional approaches. The analytic solutions are presented in terms of elementary as well as special functions and depicted for graphical illustration based on embedded parameters. Finally, effects of the amplitude of vibrations and the natural frequency are discussed based on the sensitivities of dynamic characteristics of simply supported beam.
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Rajmohan, T., R. Vinayagamoorthy, and K. Mohan. "Review on effect machining parameters on performance of natural fibre–reinforced composites (NFRCs)." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 32, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1282–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718796541.
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In the modern years, natural fibre composites have been converted into significant materials in many industries such as automotive, aerospace and and so on. Several types of natural fibre composites, particularly plant-based fibre composites, have been developed and tested. However, their mixed nature, engineer’s requirement of experience, an understanding of machinability databases, limit setting and trouble in manufacturing are barriers to extensive use of composites. The final shape of the natural fibre–reinforced composites (NFRCs) are obtained by conventional and unconventional machining. Machining of these composites generates confront due to the heterogeneous and anisotropic nature. Different methodologies and tools are intended to overcome the machining defects. In this article, a wide range of literature review on machining of NFRCs is examined with focus on conventional and unconventional machining operation. This article also discusses the influences of machining parameters and optimum conditions for machining of NFRCs.
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Haider, Feroz, Mirza Jahanzaib, and Muhammad Waqas Hanif. "Optimizing the process parameters of Fiction Stir Welded dissimilar 2024Al-5754Al Joint using the Taguchi Method." MATEC Web of Conferences 381 (2023): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338102006.
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It is a requirement of modern age industries, especially the aerospace, automobile, and shipbuilding sectors, to manufacture high strength and low weight dissimilar aluminium alloy welded joints. Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate the effect of tool rotation speed, feed rate, and pin type on the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of dissimilar aluminium alloys (2024 Al and 5754 Al) in friction stir welded joints. Nine experiments have been performed using an orthogonal array (L9) of the Taguchi method. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) established that pin type is the most prominent parameter, followed by tool rotation speed and feed rate. The optimal value of ultimate tensile strength (268 MPa) was achieved at 1.5 mm/s feed rate, 1600 rpm speed, and type 1 of pin. A confirmation test shows that there is a high correlation between the estimated and actual values of UTS.
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Chaturvedi, Mukti, Elena Scutelnicu, Carmen Catalina Rusu, Luigi Renato Mistodie, Danut Mihailescu, and Arungalai Vendan Subbiah. "Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Review on Recent Findings and Challenges in Industrial Applications and Materials Characterization." Metals 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11060939.
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Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a fusion manufacturing process in which the heat energy of an electric arc is employed for melting the electrodes and depositing material layers for wall formation or for simultaneously cladding two materials in order to form a composite structure. This directed energy deposition-arc (DED-arc) method is advantageous and efficient as it produces large parts with structural integrity due to the high deposition rates, reduced wastage of raw material, and low consumption of energy in comparison with the conventional joining processes and other additive manufacturing technologies. These features have resulted in a constant and continuous increase in interest in this modern manufacturing technique which demands further studies to promote new industrial applications. The high demand for WAAM in aerospace, automobile, nuclear, moulds, and dies industries demonstrates compatibility and reflects comprehensiveness. This paper presents a comprehensive review on the evolution, development, and state of the art of WAAM for non-ferrous materials. Key research observations and inferences from the literature reports regarding the WAAM applications, methods employed, process parameter control, optimization and process limitations, as well as mechanical and metallurgical behavior of materials have been analyzed and synthetically discussed in this paper. Information concerning constraints and enhancements of the wire arc additive manufacturing processes to be considered in terms of wider industrial applicability is also presented in the last part of this paper.
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Kalimoldayev, Maksat, Aleksey Drozdenko, Igor Koplyk, T. Marinich, Assel Abdildayeva, and Tamara Zhukabayeva. "Analysis of modern approaches for the prediction of electric energy consumption." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0028.
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AbstarctA review of modern methods of forming a mathematical model of power systems and the development of an intelligent information system for monitoring electricity consumption. The main disadvantages and advantages of the existing modeling approaches , as well as their applicability to the energy systems of Ukraine and Kazakhstan,are identified. The main factors that affect the dynamics of energy consumption are identified. A list of the main tasks that need to be implemented in order to develop algorithms for predicting electricity demand for various objects, industries and levels has been developed.
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ONISHCHENKO, Oleg, Volodymyr GOLIKOV, Oleksiy MELNYK, Svitlana ONYSHCHENKO, and Kostiantyn OBERTIUR. "TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL MEASURES TO REDUCE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS AND IMPROVE THE ENVIRONMENTAL AND ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF SHIPS." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 116 (September 1, 2022): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2022.116.14.
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Every year, the dynamics of implementation of projects aimed at improving the efficiency of energy use is gradually increasing at different levels and in different industries. It has spread in the areas of design, modernization and reconstruction of energy-efficient buildings and structures, design and construction of elements of industrial infrastructure, and technological production processes. Introduction of such projects is a priority for enterprises and companies of various types of economic activity. Thus, the leading industries develop strategies to improve environmental safety and energy efficiency - shipping is no exception, where the process of improving energy efficiency is carried out through various mechanisms, ultimately leading to a reduction in emissions of pollutants, but having a negative impact on the performance of the commercial operation of the ship. Problems of ensuring energy efficiency along with increasing requirements for environmental safety of transport and strengthening the responsibility of shipowners become the focus of research of modern theory and practice of operation of means of maritime transport. The issues of improvement of universal principles of energy efficiency within individual shipping companies and development of tools for economic analysis of energy efficiency of own fleet, search for new ways of forming professional competencies of ship crew members in the field of energy efficiency continue to be topical as well.
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Saif Aldeen Ghafel H., Nasri Salh M. Namer, and Abdul Jabbar H. Ali. "Mechanical Properties of Multi-Layer Woven E-Glass/Epoxy in Variable Fiber-Mat Directions." Journal of Techniques 5, no. 2 (June 14, 2023): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v5i2.1176.
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In this research, the epoxy resin was reinforced by (16 layers) of E-glass fiber woven mat (0^°/90^°) with 50% weight fraction and total thickness (3mm). Using 16 layers was due to the absence of any previous study that used this number of layers at this thickness. It is considered a modern study of this style because of the rapid development in modern engineering industries that required lightweight composite materials with high strength and small thickness, which are used in the aerospace industry aviation and other precision engineering industries. The composite material was cut into angles (0^°,5^°,15^°,30^°,45^°) by using CNC water jet culling machine. The tensile test was used to determine the strength of a material ratio to the fiber's direction and by using Vickers hardness to determine the hardness of composite and pure epoxy. The result of pure epoxy (matrix) has the lowest value in tensile strength (σ_UTS), Yong's modulus (E), 0.2% proof yield stress (σ_(0.2%)), modulus of toughness and toughness when compared with a composite material with adding 16 layers of "E-glass fibers". The direction of the fibers with (5^°) of composite has the highest strength, Young's modulus, and 0.2% proof yield stress when compared with (0^°,15^°,30^°,45^°) and pure epoxy. The improvement strength (10.8, 11.8, 9.8, 8.5, 8.3 times) at (0^°,5^°,15^°,30^°,45^°) respectively when compared with pure epoxy. The hardness of composite material improved (220%) relative to pure epoxy. The results show that the best improvement of composite material with fiber's angle (5^°) has the highest results compared with pure epoxy.
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Akbulatov, Edkham Shukriyevich, Aleksey Viktorovich Lyubyashkin, Tat'yana Vasil'yevna Ryazanova, Yuriy Davydovich Alashkevich, Elena Vladimirovna Isaeva, Yuliya Aleksandrovna Litovka, and Igor' Nikolayevich Pavlov. "SOLUTION OF THE FUNDAMENTAL TASKS OF DEEP PROCESSING OF PLANT WASTE IN THE RESHETNEV SI-BERIAN STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY." chemistry of plant raw material, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/jcprm.2020048438.
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A special issue of the journal "Chemistry of Plant Raw Materials" published on the 65th anniversary of the department "Chemical Technology of Wood and Biotechnology", the 90th anniversary of the Siberian State Technological University and the 60th anniversary of the Siberian State Aerospace University. The combination of the two largest and socio-economically significant universities ensured the creation in 2016 of the Reshetnev Siberian State University of science and technology. This is the first supporting university in Eastern Siberia, providing training for highly qualified specialists in more than 100 programs for the forestry, woodworking and chemical industries, aviation and space industry, mechanical engineering, scientific and financial organizations, international and Russian business structures, and the media. The introductory article presents a brief historical excursion, the main directions and prospects of scientific activity of the department “Chemical technology of wood and biotechnology”. They are related to solving the problem of deep complex processing of plant materials with the involvement of modern biological and chemical technologies.
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Katz-Demyanetz, Alexander, Rosario Squatrito, Ivan Todaro, Shai Essel, Henning Zeidler, and Menachem Bamberger. "Manufacturing of Aluminum Metal Matrix Cast Composites with Carbon Based Additives for Thermal Management Applications." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 909–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.909.
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This work focuses on the production of new high conductive carbon based MMC (Metal Matrix Composites) or co-cast components obtained by casting processes. These novel thermally conductive structures are designed to face modern heat management challenges in critical fields such as power micro-electronics, automotive and aerospace industries, renewable energy generation as well as highest performance combustion engines. The sought parts will be assembled by different heat conductive aluminum-carbon composites and for this reason different heat conductive MMCs have been studied. Their combination into once cast aluminum part may allow the part to meet applicative needs for heat management challenges. The cast production routes as well as thermal behavior of the obtained materials has been studied by means of numerical (Finite Element Methods) approaches in order to determine the effective thermal conductivity in the different directions of heat dissipation. Some kinds of casting methods have been FEM simulated and then performed practically. TPG/aluminum interface microstructure has been studied.
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Ahmad Sobri, Sharizal, Robert Heinemann, and David Whitehead. "Development of Laser Drilling Strategy for Thick Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites (CFRP)." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2674. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112674.
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Composites from carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRPs) play a significant role in modern manufacturing. They are typically used in aerospace and other industries that require high strength-to-weight ratios. Composite machining, however, remains a challenging job and sometimes is hampered by poor efficiency. Despite considerable research being conducted over the past few years on the machining of composite materials, the material nevertheless suffers from delamination, fibre loss, and imperfect finishing of the fuselage. Laser technology is becoming increasingly popular as an alternative approach to cutting and drilling composites. Experiments have been conducted with a CFRP thickness of 25.4 mm using fibre laser to test the effect of the machining parameters on the primary performance measurements. In this study, different machining criteria are used to assess the fibre laser ability of thick CFRP composites for drilling operation. The experimental findings revealed that a fibre laser is capable of penetrating a thick CFRP to a depth of 22 mm by using a novel drilling procedure.
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Veselovska, Nataliia, Oleg Gaidamak, Mykhailo Karpiichuk, and Jylia Kucherenko. "PROCESSES AND TECHNOLOGIES OF COLD GAS DYNAMIC SPRAYING OF AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 2(113) (June 29, 2021): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2021-2-1.
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The article is devoted to the technology of cold gas-dynamic spraying - a relatively new technology for creating functional coatings in which narrowed-expanding nozzles (De Laval nozzles) are used, in which solid powders are sprayed at or close to supersonic speed in the direction of the substrate, where they plastically deform and adhere. Cold gas dynamic spraying is an innovative process that has received widespread scientific interest and industrial applications in the automotive, aerospace and biotechnology industries in recent years. Spraying various powder materials in this way provides protection against corrosion and can increase the mechanical strength and wear resistance of details. With that method it is possible to create functional coatings with different thermal conductivities and electrical conductivities, which can be used as insulation materials, conducting and isolation surface layers of parts, coatings for controlling gaps, restoring and repairing details. The article discusses modern developments in the field of experimental analysis of technologies and processes of cold gas-dynamic spraying, the systems of cold gas-dynamic spraying and coating formation are determined and the parameters and principles of the process are described. The installation for spraying surfaces developed at VNAU is presented and researches and the analysis of possibility of use of a method of a cold gas-dynamic spraying for restoration of details of autotractor equipment of agricultural purpose are carried out.
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Patel, Jay, Adarsh Ayyar, and Pedro Peralta. "Kink band evolution in polymer matrix composites under bending: A digital image correlation study." Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites 39, no. 21-22 (June 19, 2020): 852–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0731684420933951.
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Polymer matrix composites are attractive structural materials in automotive, defense, and aerospace industries due to their high strength to low weight ratios. However, due to their low shear strength, compression dominated failure mechanisms such as plastic microbuckling lead to the development of kink bands, which are a key strength-limiting factor in modern polymer matrix composites. This phenomenon has been studied extensively, particularly for uniaxial compression; however, experimental measurements of the strain fields leading to and developing inside these bands under bending are not well explored. In this study, digital image correlation is used to measure strains inside kink bands developing during three-point bending of cross-plied [0/90] laminated composite Dyneema™ HB80. Measurements indicated large normal and shear strains developed inside the band in a way that suggested systematic increases in ply rotation angle as the band evolved with increased bending deflection. Results also suggested intermittent buckling events involving fiber bundles that correlate with oscillations observed in the load–displacement curve. Optical microscopy of failed samples showed failure resulted from a combination of plastic microbuckling and axial splitting.
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Syayleva, M. V., A. M. Bukanov, K. A. Zvezdenkov, and V. N. Voloshin. "THE STUDY OF THE PROPERTIES OF VULCANIZATES BASED ON ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE RUBBERS WITH DIFFERENT CONTENT OF VINYL ACETATE UNITS." Fine Chemical Technologies 13, no. 3 (June 28, 2018): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/24106593-2018-13-3-79-56.
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The article studies the structure and properties of ethylene vinyl acetate rubbers and the influence of the vinyl acetate (VA) units content in the rubber on the technological, physical-mechanical, operating and electrical properties of vulcanizates. The results of the study prove that the distinctive feature of ethylene vinyl acetate rubbers compared to other rubbers is their thermoplastic properties and low viscosity. Besides, the high resistance to ozone, heat and oil resistance and good mechanical properties of vulcanizates based on them make this type of polymer materials very promising for the creation of modern products. It is shown that the values of elasticity modulus, strength, elongation and tear resistance are increased with increasing VA units content in the rubber. Besides, swelling in hydrocarbon media decreases. Vulcanizates containing 40-45% of VA have satisfactory electrical characteristics and good moisture resistance and can be used as the base insulating rubber. Vulcanizates with a high content of vinyl acetate units (60-70%) have high oil and heat resistance. Therefore, their use in rubber compounds for cable jackets is most effective. The study of the properties of ethylene vinyl acetate rubbers and their vulcanizates allowed to develop formulations of insulating and jacket rubbers and to determine the most promising areas of their application for modern cable products of special purpose in the petrochemical, aerospace, transport and shipbuilding industries.
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SUKHY, P., I. TREVOHO, KH BURSHTYNSKA, V. SABADASH, and K. DARCHUK. "Innovations in geodesic-cartographic and land castrasal activities and improvement of the content of the training of specialists in geodesy and land surveying." Modern achievements of geodesic science and industry 1, no. 45 (April 1, 2023): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33841/1819-1339-1-45-72-81.
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Starting from the 80s of the last century, especially rapidly developing technical directions are based on the use of high-precision ground instruments, aerospace based systems and serve to obtain information about the earth’s surface, the outer space, the study of various processes and phenomena of living and non-living nature. The methods of processing this information on the basis of modern technologies of geodesy and cartography and those related to them: engineering geodesy, satellite geodesy, remote sensing, photogrammetry, cadastre of territories, land and real estate valuation differ both in different theoretical approaches and in the principles of practical implementation. The problem is the automatic storage, transformation and use of huge volumes of information in the solution of modern theoretical and thematic tasks. The proposed article presents the latest achievements that have become the achievement of the specified industries and which are already used and developed by the world’s leading firms and corporations. In many universities of the world, the works of scientists appear in which they analyze the field of modern knowledge related to geodesy and land management. The article mentions the rapid technological changes in the field of geodetic-cartographic and land-cadastral activities that have taken place during the last decades, which significantly affect the nature and content of the work that will be performed by future specialists in the field of geodesy and land management. The directions of development of geodetic and land management education in relation to the needs of the domestic and world market of engineering services are considered.
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Nsikane, DM, K. Vogiatzaki, RE Morgan, M. Heikal, K. Mustafa, A. Ward, and N. Winder. "Novel approach for adaptive coefficient tuning for the simulation of evaporating high-speed sprays injected into a high-temperature and high-pressure environment." International Journal of Engine Research 21, no. 7 (October 18, 2019): 1162–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087419878911.
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Producing reliable in-cylinder simulations for quick-turnaround engine development for industrial purposes is a challenging task for modern computational fluid dynamics, mostly because of the tuning effort required for the sub-models used in the various frameworks (the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes and large eddy simulation). Tuning is required because of the need for modern engines to operate under a wider range of conditions and fuels. In this article, we suggest a novel methodology based on automated simulation parameter optimisation that is capable of delivering a priori a coefficient matrix for each operating condition. This approach produces excellent results for multiple comparison metrics like liquid and vapour penetration lengths, radial and axial mass fraction and temperature distributions. In this article, we also show for the first time that input model coefficients can potentially be linked to ambient boundary conditions in a physically consistent manner. Changes in injection pressure, charge pressure and charge density are considered. This paves the way for the tabulation of the constants in order to eliminate lengthy tuning iterations between operating conditions and move towards adaptive simulations as the piston moves changing the in-cylinder conditions. An additional discussion is performed for the validity range of existent models given that in recent years there has been a shift towards more extreme thermodynamic conditions in the injection stage (reaching the limits of transcritical flows). Although in this work the framework was implemented in the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes context because this is the tool of preference of digital engineering currently by automotive industries, the approach can be easily extended in large eddy simulation.
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Ouyang, Jia-Hu, Yu-Feng Li, Yun-Zhuo Zhang, Ya-Ming Wang, and Yu-Jin Wang. "High-Temperature Solid Lubricants and Self-Lubricating Composites: A Critical Review." Lubricants 10, no. 8 (August 7, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants10080177.
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Solid lubricants are described as solid materials of intentionally introduced or in situ formed on contact surfaces in relative motion for the purpose of lowering friction and wear and providing protection from damage. Solid lubricants and advanced self-lubricating materials are widely used in modern industries, especially in aerospace, aviation, automotive, metallurgy, materials forming, and machining industries, and have attracted great interest in lubrication applications under very severe circumstances such as elevated temperatures, heavy loads, ultrahigh vacuum, extreme radiation, strong oxidation, and chemical reactivity environments. Many efforts have been made to develop self-lubricating composites by a variety of material preparation techniques, which include powder metallurgy, physical/chemical vapor depositions, thermal spraying, electrodeposition, laser cladding, and additive manufacturing. Although several reviews on the development of high-temperature solid lubricants have been published, most of them only focus on a type of material, a specific process, or application. In this paper, a comprehensive review is provided to present the state-of-the-art progress in solid lubricants, self-lubricating composites/coatings, and their effective functions that can be used over a wide variety of environmental conditions, especially at elevated temperatures. The solid lubricants considered include representative soft metals, layered structure materials (e.g., graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, transition metallic dichalcogenides, MAX phase), chemically stable fluorides, binary or ternary metallic oxides, especially alkaline earth chromates, and sulfates, and synergistic effects from these solid lubricants. This paper also provides new insights into design considerations of environmental adaptive solid lubrication, and the challenges and potential breakthroughs are further highlighted for high-temperature solid lubrication applications.
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Oleksik, Valentin, Tomasz Trzepieciński, Marcin Szpunar, Łukasz Chodoła, Daniel Ficek, and Ireneusz Szczęsny. "Single-Point Incremental Forming of Titanium and Titanium Alloy Sheets." Materials 14, no. 21 (October 25, 2021): 6372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216372.
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Incremental sheet forming of titanium and its alloys has a significant role in modern manufacturing techniques because it allows for the production of high-quality products with complex shapes at low production costs. Stamping processes are a major contributor to plastic working techniques in industries such as automotive, aerospace and medicine. This article reviews the development of the single-point incremental forming (SPIF) technique in titanium and its alloys. Problems of a tribological and microstructural nature that make it difficult to obtain components with the desired geometric and shape accuracy are discussed. Great emphasis is placed on current trends in SPIF of difficult-to-form α-, α + β- and β-type titanium alloys. Potential uses of SPIF for forming products in various industries are also indicated, with a particular focus on medical applications. The conclusions of the review provide a structured guideline for scientists and practitioners working on incremental forming of titanium and titanium alloy sheets. One of the ways to increase the formability and minimize the springback of titanium alloys is to treat them at elevated temperatures. The main approaches developed for introducing temperature into a workpiece are friction heating, electrical heating and laser heating. The selection of an appropriate lubricant is a key aspect of the forming process of titanium and its alloys, which exhibit unfavorable tribological properties such as high adhesion and a tendency to adhesive wear. A review of the literature showed that there are insufficient investigations into the synergistic effect of rotational speed and tool rotation direction on the surface roughness of workpieces.
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Shokrani, Alborz, and Stephen Newman. "A New Cutting Tool Design for Cryogenic Machining of Ti–6Al–4V Titanium Alloy." Materials 12, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12030477.
Full textAbstract:
Titanium alloys are extensively used in aerospace and medical industries. About 15% of modern civil aircrafts are made from titanium alloys. Ti–6Al–4V, the most used titanium alloy, is widely considered a difficult-to-machine material due to short tool life, poor surface integrity, and low productivity during machining. Cryogenic machining using liquid nitrogen (LN2) has shown promising advantages in increasing tool life and material removal rate whilst improving surface integrity. However, to date, there is no study on cutting tool geometry and its performance relationship in cryogenic machining. This paper presents the first investigation on various cutting tool geometries for cryogenic end milling of Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The investigations revealed that a 14° rake angle and a 10° primary clearance angle are the most suitable geometries for cryogenic machining. The effect of cutting speed on tool life was also studied. The analysis indicated that 110 m/min cutting speed yields the longest tool life of 91 min whilst allowing for up to 83% increased productivity when machining Ti–6Al–4V. Overall the research shows significant impact in machining performance of Ti–6Al–4V with much higher material removal rate.