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Journal articles on the topic 'Aerosols - Production Mechanisms'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Lin, G., J. E. Penner, S. Sillman, D. Taraborrelli, and J. Lelieveld. "Global mechanistic model of SOA formation: effects of different chemical mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (2011): 26347–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-26347-2011.

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Abstract. Recent experimental findings indicate that Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) represents an important and, under many circumstances, the major fraction of the organic aerosol burden. Here, we use a global 3-d model (IMPACT) to test the results of different mechanisms for the production of SOA. The basic mechanism includes SOA formation from organic nitrates and peroxides produced from an explicit chemical formulation, using partition coefficients based on thermodynamic principles. We also include the formation of non-evaporative SOA from the reaction of glyoxal and methylglyoxal on aque

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2

Chen, J. P., T. S. Tsai, and S. C. Liu. "Aerosol nucleation spikes in the planetary boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (2010): 26931–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-26931-2010.

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Abstract. Photochemically driven nucleation bursts, which typically occur in a few hours after sunrise, often produce strong aerosol number concentration (ANC) fluctuations. The causes of such ANC spikes were investigated using a detailed aerosol model running in the parcel mode. Two potential mechanisms for the ANC spikes are proposed and simulated. The blocking of actinic flux by scattered clouds can significantly influence new particle production, but this does not cause strong fluctuations in the number of aerosols within sizes greater than the detection limit of our measurements. A more p

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3

Chen, J. P., T. S. Tsai, and S. C. Liu. "Aerosol nucleation spikes in the planetary boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 14 (2011): 7171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-7171-2011.

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Abstract. Photochemically driven nucleation bursts, which typically occur within a few hours after sunrise, often produce strong aerosol number concentration (ANC) fluctuations. The causes of such ANC spikes were investigated using a detailed aerosol model running in the parcel mode. Two potential mechanisms for the ANC spikes were proposed and simulated. The blocking of actinic flux by scattered clouds can significantly influence new particle production, but this does not cause strong fluctuations in the number of aerosols within sizes greater than the detection limit of our measurements. A m

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4

Dyson, Joanna E., Graham A. Boustead, Lauren T. Fleming, et al. "Production of HONO from NO<sub>2</sub> uptake on illuminated TiO<sub>2</sub> aerosol particles and following the illumination of mixed TiO<sub>2</sub>∕ammonium nitrate particles." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 7 (2021): 5755–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5755-2021.

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Abstract. The rate of production of HONO from illuminated TiO2 aerosols in the presence of NO2 was measured using an aerosol flow tube system coupled to a photo-fragmentation laser-induced fluorescence detection apparatus. The reactive uptake coefficient of NO2 to form HONO, γNO2→HONO, was determined for NO2 mixing ratios in the range 34–400 ppb, with γNO2→HONO spanning the range (9.97 ± 3.52) × 10−6 to (1.26 ± 0.17) × 10−4 at a relative humidity of 15 ± 1 % and for a lamp photon flux of (1.63 ± 0.09) ×1016 photons cm−2 s−1 (integrated between 290 and 400 nm), which is similar to midday ambien

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5

He, Pengzhen, Becky Alexander, Lei Geng, et al. "Isotopic constraints on heterogeneous sulfate production in Beijing haze." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 8 (2018): 5515–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5515-2018.

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Abstract. Discerning mechanisms of sulfate formation during fine-particle pollution (referred to as haze hereafter) in Beijing is important for understanding the rapid evolution of haze and for developing cost-effective air pollution mitigation strategies. Here we present observations of the oxygen-17 excess of PM2.5 sulfate (Δ17O(SO42−)) collected in Beijing haze from October 2014 to January 2015 to constrain possible sulfate formation pathways. Throughout the sampling campaign, the 12-hourly averaged PM2.5 concentrations ranged from 16 to 323 µg m−3 with a mean of (141 ± 88 (1σ)) µg m−3, wit

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6

Flores, J. M., G. Bourdin, O. Altaratz, et al. "Tara Pacific Expedition’s Atmospheric Measurements of Marine Aerosols across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: Overview and Preliminary Results." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 5 (2020): E536—E554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-18-0224.1.

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Abstract Marine aerosols play a significant role in the global radiative budget, in clouds’ processes, and in the chemistry of the marine atmosphere. There is a critical need to better understand their production mechanisms, composition, chemical properties, and the contribution of ocean-derived biogenic matter to their mass and number concentration. Here we present an overview of a new dataset of in situ measurements of marine aerosols conducted over the 2.5-yr Tara Pacific Expedition over 110,000 km across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Preliminary results are presented here to describe th

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7

Gong, Xianda, Jiaoshi Zhang, Betty Croft, et al. "Arctic warming by abundant fine sea salt aerosols from blowing snow." Nature Geoscience 16, no. 9 (2023): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-023-01254-8.

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AbstractThe Arctic warms nearly four times faster than the global average, and aerosols play an increasingly important role in Arctic climate change. In the Arctic, sea salt is a major aerosol component in terms of mass concentration during winter and spring. However, the mechanisms of sea salt aerosol production remain unclear. Sea salt aerosols are typically thought to be relatively large in size but low in number concentration, implying that their influence on cloud condensation nuclei population and cloud properties is generally minor. Here we present observational evidence of abundant sea

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8

Li, Siyuan, Dantong Liu, Shaofei Kong, et al. "Evolution of source attributed organic aerosols and gases in a megacity of central China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 10 (2022): 6937–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-6937-2022.

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Abstract. The secondary production of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) impacts air quality, climate, and human health. The importance of various sources in contributing to the OOA loading and associated different ageing mechanisms remains to be elucidated. Here we present a concurrent observation and factorization analysis on the mass spectra of organic aerosol (OA) by a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer in Wuhan, a megacity in central China, during autumn. The full mass spectra of organics with two p

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9

Lin, G., J. E. Penner, S. Sillman, D. Taraborrelli, and J. Lelieveld. "Global modeling of SOA formation from dicarbonyls, epoxides, organic nitrates and peroxides." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 10 (2012): 4743–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-4743-2012.

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Abstract. Recent experimental findings indicate that secondary organic aerosol (SOA) represents an important and, under many circumstances, the major fraction of the organic aerosol burden. Here, we use a global 3-D model (IMPACT) to test the results of different mechanisms for the production of SOA. The basic mechanism includes SOA formation from organic nitrates and peroxides produced from an explicit chemical formulation, using partition coefficients based on thermodynamic principles together with assumptions for the rate of formation of low-volatility oligomers. We also include the formati

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10

Song, Shaojie, Meng Gao, Weiqi Xu, et al. "Possible heterogeneous chemistry of hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) in northern China winter haze." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 2 (2019): 1357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1357-2019.

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Abstract. The chemical mechanisms responsible for rapid sulfate production, an important driver of winter haze formation in northern China, remain unclear. Here, we propose a potentially important heterogeneous hydroxymethanesulfonate (HMS) chemical mechanism. Through analyzing field measurements with aerosol mass spectrometry, we show evidence for a possible significant existence in haze aerosols of organosulfur primarily as HMS, misidentified as sulfate in previous observations. We estimate that HMS can account for up to about one-third of the sulfate concentrations unexplained by current ai

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11

Sarwar, G., J. Godowitch, B. Henderson, et al. "A comparison of atmospheric composition using the Carbon Bond and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 3 (2013): 6923–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-6923-2013.

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Abstract. We incorporate the recently developed Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (version 2, RACM2) into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system for comparison with the existing 2005 Carbon Bond mechanism with updated toluene chemistry (CB05TU). Compared to CB05TU, RACM2 enhances the domain-wide monthly mean hydroxyl radical concentrations by 46% and nitric acid by 26%. However, it reduces hydrogen peroxide by 2%, peroxyacetic acid by 94%, methyl hydrogen peroxide by 19%, peroxyacetyl nitrate by 40%, and organic nitrate by 41%. RACM2 predictions generally agree better with

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12

Shalunov, Andrey, Olga Kudryashova, Vladimir Khmelev, Dmitry Genne, Sergey Terentiev, and Viktor Nesterov. "Innovative Ultrasonic Spray Methods for Indoor Disinfection." Applied System Innovation 7, no. 6 (2024): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi7060126.

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This study explores the challenges associated with dispersing disinfectant liquids for sanitizing individuals, indoor spaces, vehicles, and outdoor areas. Among the various approaches, fine aerosol sprays with a high particle surface area emerge as a particularly promising solution. Ultrasonic spraying, which leverages diverse mechanisms of ultrasound interaction with liquids, offers several distinct advantages. Notably, it enables the production of fine aerosols from liquids with a broad range of physical and chemical properties, including variations in purity, viscosity, and surface tension.

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13

Kiliyanpilakkil, V. P., and N. Meskhidze. "Deriving the effect of wind speed on clean maritime aerosol optical properties using the A-Train satellites." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 2 (2011): 4599–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-4599-2011.

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Abstract. Relationship between "clean marine" aerosol optical properties and ocean surface wind speed is explored using remotely sensed data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the CALIPSO satellite and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on board the AQUA satellite. Detailed data analyses are carried out over 15 regions selected to be representative of different areas of the global ocean for the time period from June 2006 to June 2010. Based on remotely sensed optical properties the CALIPSO algorithm is capable of discriminating "clean m

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14

Shao, Jingyuan, Qianjie Chen, Yuxuan Wang, et al. "Heterogeneous sulfate aerosol formation mechanisms during wintertime Chinese haze events: air quality model assessment using observations of sulfate oxygen isotopes in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 9 (2019): 6107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6107-2019.

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Abstract. Air quality models have not been able to reproduce the magnitude of the observed concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) during wintertime Chinese haze events. The discrepancy has been at least partly attributed to low biases in modeled sulfate production rates, due to the lack of heterogeneous sulfate production on aerosols in the models. In this study, we explicitly implement four heterogeneous sulfate formation mechanisms into a regional chemical transport model, in addition to gas-phase and in-cloud sulfate production. We compare the model results with observations of s

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15

Sarwar, G., J. Godowitch, B. H. Henderson, et al. "A comparison of atmospheric composition using the Carbon Bond and Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 19 (2013): 9695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9695-2013.

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Abstract. We incorporate the recently developed Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (version 2, RACM2) into the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system for comparison with the existing 2005 Carbon Bond mechanism with updated toluene chemistry (CB05TU). Compared to CB05TU, RACM2 enhances the domain-wide monthly mean hydroxyl radical concentrations by 46% and nitric acid by 26%. However, it reduces hydrogen peroxide by 2%, peroxyacetic acid by 94%, methyl hydrogen peroxide by 19%, peroxyacetyl nitrate by 40%, and organic nitrate by 41%. RACM2 enhances ozone compared to CB05TU at al

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16

Swanson, William F., Chris D. Holmes, William R. Simpson, et al. "Comparison of model and ground observations finds snowpack and blowing snow aerosols both contribute to Arctic tropospheric reactive bromine." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 22 (2022): 14467–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-14467-2022.

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Abstract. Reactive halogens play a prominent role in the atmospheric chemistry of the Arctic during springtime. Field measurements and modeling studies suggest that halogens are emitted into the atmosphere from snowpack and reactions on wind-blown snow-sourced aerosols. The relative importance of snowpack and blowing snow sources is still debated, both at local scales and regionally throughout the Arctic. To understand the implications of these halogen sources on a pan-Arctic scale, we simulate Arctic reactive bromine chemistry in the atmospheric chemical transport model GEOS-Chem. Two mechani

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17

Ezhova, Ekaterina, Ilona Ylivinkka, Joel Kuusk, et al. "Direct effect of aerosols on solar radiation and gross primary production in boreal and hemiboreal forests." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 24 (2018): 17863–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-17863-2018.

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Abstract. The effect of aerosol loading on solar radiation and the subsequent effect on photosynthesis is a relevant question for estimating climate feedback mechanisms. This effect is quantified in the present study using ground-based measurements from five remote sites in boreal and hemiboreal (coniferous and mixed) forests of Eurasia. The diffuse fraction of global radiation associated with the direct effect of aerosols, i.e. excluding the effect of clouds, increases with an increase in the aerosol loading. The increase in the diffuse fraction of global radiation from approximately 0.11 on

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18

Crosswhite, Mark R., Lena N. Jeong, Patrick C. Bailey, et al. "Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL-Menthol-Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography." Separations 9, no. 11 (2022): 367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9110367.

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The aerosol constituents generated from JUUL Menthol pods with 3.0% and 5.0% nicotine by weight (Me3 and Me5) are characterized by a non-targeted approach, which was developed to detect aerosol constituents that are not known to be present beforehand or that may be measured with targeted methods. Three replicates from three production batches (n = 9) were aerosolized using two puffing regimens (intense and non-intense). Each of the 18 samples were analyzed by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry and by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolving power mass

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19

Karl, M., K. Tsigaridis, E. Vignati, and F. Dentener. "Formation of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene oxidation over Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 9, no. 1 (2009): 2855–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-2855-2009.

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Abstract. The role of isoprene as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) over Europe is studied with the two-way nested global chemistry transport model TM5. The inclusion of the formation of SOA from isoprene oxidation in our model almost doubles the atmospheric burden of SOA over Europe compared to SOA formation from terpenes and aromatics. The reference simulation, which considers SOA formation from isoprene, terpenes and aromatics, predicts a yearly European production rate of 1.0 Tg SOA yr−1 and an annual averaged atmospheric burden of about 50 Gg SOA over Europe. A fraction of 35

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20

Wang, Yao, Yue Zhao, Yuchen Wang, et al. "Organosulfates in atmospheric aerosols in Shanghai, China: seasonal and interannual variability, origin, and formation mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 4 (2021): 2959–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2959-2021.

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Abstract. Organosulfates (OSs) are ubiquitous in the atmosphere and serve as important tracers for secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). Despite intense research over the years, the abundance, origin, and formation mechanisms of OSs in ambient aerosols, particularly in regions with severe anthropogenic pollution, are still not well understood. In this study, we collected filter samples of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) over four seasons in both 2015–2016 and 2018–2019 at an urban site in Shanghai, China, and comprehensively characterized the OS species in these PM2.5 samples using an ult

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21

Sun, Yele, Wei Du, Pingqing Fu, et al. "Primary and secondary aerosols in Beijing in winter: sources, variations and processes." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 13 (2016): 8309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-8309-2016.

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Abstract. Winter has the worst air pollution of the year in the megacity of Beijing. Despite extensive winter studies in recent years, our knowledge of the sources, formation mechanisms and evolution of aerosol particles is not complete. Here we have a comprehensive characterization of the sources, variations and processes of submicron aerosols that were measured by an Aerodyne high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer from 17 December 2013 to 17 January 2014 along with offline filter analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Our results suggest that submicron aerosols composition was

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22

Shayakhmetov, Salim F., Victor S. Rukavishnikov, Lyudmila G. Lisetskaya, and Alexey V. Merinov. "Characteristics of generated aerosol suspensions-complexes at traditional and modernized aluminum electrolysis technologies." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 62, no. 7 (2022): 452–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-7-452-458.

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Introduction. Assessment of occupational risk and mechanisms of workers' health disorders due to exposure to complex aerosol suspensions determines the need for in-depth study of the physicochemical properties of dust particles in the air. The study aim was the assessment of the dispersion and chemical composition of complex aerosol suspensions affecting workers in traditional and modernized aluminum production technologies. Materials and methods. The monitoring of air pollution of the working area with soluble and insoluble fluorides, aluminum trioxide aerosols was carried out using standard

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23

Saleeby, Stephen M., Stephen R. Herbener, Susan C. van den Heever, and Tristan L’Ecuyer. "Impacts of Cloud Droplet–Nucleating Aerosols on Shallow Tropical Convection." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 4 (2015): 1369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0153.1.

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Abstract Low-level warm-phase clouds cover a substantial portion of Earth’s oceans and play an important role in the global water and energy budgets. The characteristics of these clouds are controlled by the large-scale environment, boundary layer conditions, and cloud microphysics. Variability in the concentration of aerosols can alter cloud microphysical and precipitation processes that subsequently impact the system dynamics and thermodynamics and thereby create aerosol–cloud dynamic–thermodynamic feedback effects. In this study, three distinct cloud regimes were simulated, including strato

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Rasch, Philip J., Simone Tilmes, Richard P. Turco, et al. "An overview of geoengineering of climate using stratospheric sulphate aerosols." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1882 (2008): 4007–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0131.

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We provide an overview of geoengineering by stratospheric sulphate aerosols. The state of understanding about this topic as of early 2008 is reviewed, summarizing the past 30 years of work in the area, highlighting some very recent studies using climate models, and discussing methods used to deliver sulphur species to the stratosphere. The studies reviewed here suggest that sulphate aerosols can counteract the globally averaged temperature increase associated with increasing greenhouse gases, and reduce changes to some other components of the Earth system. There are likely to be remaining regi

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Kiliyanpilakkil, V. P., and N. Meskhidze. "Deriving the effect of wind speed on clean marine aerosol optical properties using the A-Train satellites." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 22 (2011): 11401–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11401-2011.

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Abstract. The relationship between "clean marine" aerosol optical properties and ocean surface wind speed is explored using remotely sensed data from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the CALIPSO satellite and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on board the AQUA satellite. Detailed data analyses are carried out over 15 regions selected to be representative of different areas of the global ocean for the time period from June 2006 to April 2011. Based on remotely sensed optical properties the CALIPSO algorithm is capable of discriminating "cl

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Noël, Alexandra, and Ginette Truchon. "Inhaled Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles: A Review of Their Pulmonary Responses with Particular Focus on the Agglomeration State." Nano LIFE 05, no. 01 (2015): 1450008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793984414500081.

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Nanotechnology represents major scientific and economic issues for the future. TiO 2 is used as a reference nanoparticle (NP) for research and workplace exposure assessments due to its important industrial production. However, to date little consistent information exists about its human health effects. Approximately 50% of all TiO 2in vivo studies targeting the respiratory tract have been by inhalation and these exposures are often in the form of agglomerates rather than as individual NPs. Therefore, the size of the NP agglomerates represents the effective size interacting with the biological

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Zhang, Si, Yining Gao, Xinbei Xu, et al. "Heterogeneous formation and light absorption of secondary organic aerosols from acetone photochemical reactions: remarkably enhancing effects of seeds and ammonia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 24, no. 24 (2024): 14177–90. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-14177-2024.

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Abstract. Secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) from highly volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are currently not well represented in numerical models as their heterogeneous formation mechanisms in the atmosphere remain unclear. Based on the smog chamber experiments, here we investigated the yield and formation pathway of SOA from acetone photochemical reactions under low-NOx conditions in the presence of preexisting haze particles ((NH4)2SO4 and NH4HSO4) and saline mineral particles (Na2SO4) under ammonia-rich conditions. Our results showed that the yield of acetone-derived SOA is remarkably enhanc

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Paulot, Fabien, David Paynter, Paul Ginoux, Vaishali Naik, and Larry W. Horowitz. "Changes in the aerosol direct radiative forcing from 2001 to 2015: observational constraints and regional mechanisms." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 17 (2018): 13265–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-13265-2018.

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Abstract. We present estimates of changes in the direct aerosol effects (DRE) and its anthropogenic component (DRF) from 2001 to 2015 using the GFDL chemistry–climate model AM3 driven by CMIP6 historical emissions. AM3 is evaluated against observed changes in the clear-sky shortwave direct aerosol effect (DREswclr) derived from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) over polluted regions. From 2001 to 2015, observations suggest that DREclrsw increases (i.e., less radiation is scattered to space by aerosols) over western Europe (0.7–1 W m−2 decade−1) and the eastern US (0.9–1.

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Mironova, I. A., I. G. Usoskin, G. A. Kovaltsov, and S. V. Petelina. "Possible effect of extreme solar energetic particle event of 20 January 2005 on polar stratospheric aerosols: direct observational evidence." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 2 (2012): 769–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-769-2012.

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Abstract. Energetic cosmic rays are the main source of ionization of the low-middle atmosphere, leading to associated changes in atmospheric properties. Via the hypothetical influence of ionization on aerosol growth and facilitated formation of clouds, this may be an important indirect link relating solar variability to climate. This effect is highly debated, however, since the proposed theoretical mechanisms still remain illusive and qualitative, and observational evidence is inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, important questions regarding the existence and magnitude of the effect, an

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O'Dowd, Colin D., and Thorsten Hoffmann. "Coastal New Particle Formation: A Review of the Current State-Of-The-Art." Environmental Chemistry 2, no. 4 (2005): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en05077.

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Environmental Context.Atmospheric aerosols play an important role in determining the earth’s radiative budget, climate change and air quality levels. Much effort has been spent on quantifying the impact of aerosols on climate change; however, the largest gap in our knowledge relates to quantifying natural aerosol systems and the new particle formation process associated with these systems. The marine aerosol system is of particular interest due to the 70% ocean coverage of the earth’s surface. Coastal new particle formation events are though to be more frequent and of stronger intensity compar

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Ackerman, Katherine L., Alison D. Nugent, and Chung Taing. "Mechanisms controlling giant sea salt aerosol size distributions along a tropical orographic coastline." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 21 (2023): 13735–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-13735-2023.

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Abstract. Sea salt aerosol (SSA) is a naturally occurring phenomenon that arises from the breaking of waves and consequent bubble bursting on the ocean's surface. The resulting particles exhibit a bimodal distribution spanning orders of magnitude in size that introduces significant uncertainties when estimating the total annual mass of SSA on a global scale. Although estimates of mass and volume are significantly influenced by the presence of giant particles (dry radius >1 µm), effectively observing and quantifying these particles proves to be challenging. Additionally, uncertainties persis

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Chen, Qianjie, Lei Geng, Johan A. Schmidt, et al. "Isotopic constraints on the role of hypohalous acids in sulfate aerosol formation in the remote marine boundary layer." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 17 (2016): 11433–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-11433-2016.

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Abstract. Sulfate is an important component of global atmospheric aerosol, and has partially compensated for greenhouse gas-induced warming during the industrial period. The magnitude of direct and indirect radiative forcing of aerosols since preindustrial times is a large uncertainty in climate models, which has been attributed largely to uncertainties in the preindustrial environment. Here, we report observations of the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O) of sulfate aerosol collected in the remote marine boundary layer (MBL) in spring and summer in order to evaluate sulfate production mechani

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Prashanth, Prakash, Sebastian D. Eastham, Raymond L. Speth, and Steven R. H. Barrett. "Aerosol formation pathways from aviation emissions." Environmental Research Communications 4, no. 2 (2022): 021002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/ac5229.

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Abstract Aviation emissions are responsible for an estimated 24,000 premature mortalities annually and 3.5% of anthropogenic radiative forcing (RF). Emissions of nitrogen and sulfur oxides (NOx and SOx) contribute to these impacts. However, the relative contributions and mechanisms linking these emissions to formation and impacts of secondary aerosols (as opposed to direct aerosol emissions) have not been quantified, including how short-lived aerosol precursors at altitude can increase surface-level aerosol concentrations. We apply global chemistry transport modeling to identify and quantify t

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Zhao, Jian, Wei Du, Yingjie Zhang, et al. "Insights into aerosol chemistry during the 2015 China Victory Day parade: results from simultaneous measurements at ground level and 260 m in Beijing." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 4 (2017): 3215–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3215-2017.

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Abstract. Strict emission controls were implemented in Beijing and adjacent provinces to ensure good air quality during the 2015 China Victory Day parade. Here, we conducted synchronous measurements of submicron aerosols (PM1) at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower by using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer and an aerosol chemical speciation monitor, respectively, in Beijing from 22 August to 30 September. Our results showed that the average PM1 concentrations are 19.3 and 14.8 µg m−3 at ground level and 260 m, respectively, during the control period (20 August–3 Septemb

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Meskhidze, Nicholas, Markus D. Petters, Kostas Tsigaridis, et al. "Production mechanisms, number concentration, size distribution, chemical composition, and optical properties of sea spray aerosols." Atmospheric Science Letters 14, no. 4 (2013): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/asl2.441.

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Pace, G., A. di Sarra, D. Meloni, S. Piacentino, and P. Chamard. "Aerosol optical properties at Lampedusa (Central Mediterranean) – 1. Influence of transport and identification of different aerosol types." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 4 (2005): 4929–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-4929-2005.

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Abstract. Aerosol optical depth and Ångström exponent were obtained from multi filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) observations carried out at the island of Lampedusa, in the Central Mediterranean, in the period July 2001–September 2003. The average aerosol optical depth at 495.7 nm, τ, is 0.24±0.14; the average Ångström exponent, α, is 0.86±0.63. The observed values of τ range from 0.03 to 1.13, and the values of α vary from −0.32 to 2.05, indicating a large variability in aerosol content and size. In cloud-free conditions, 36% of the airmasses come from Africa, 25% from Central-Eas

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Xia, Men, Xiang Peng, Weihao Wang, et al. "Significant production of ClNO<sub>2</sub> and possible source of Cl<sub>2</sub> from N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> uptake at a suburban site in eastern China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 10 (2020): 6147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-6147-2020.

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Abstract. ClNO2 and Cl2 can affect atmospheric oxidation and thereby the formation of ozone and secondary aerosols, yet their sources and production mechanisms are not well understood or quantified. In this study we present field observations of ClNO2 and Cl2 at a suburban site in eastern China during April 2018. Persistent high levels of ClNO2 (maximum: ∼3.7 ppbv; 1 min average) were frequently observed at night, due to the high ClNO2 yield (φ (ClNO2), 0.56±0.20) inferred from the measurements. The φ (ClNO2) value showed a positive correlation with the [Cl−] / [H2O] ratio, and its parameteriz

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Lv, Shuang, Feng-Yang Bai, Xiu-Mei Pan, and Liang Zhao. "Theoretical insight into the role of urea in the hydrolysis reaction of NO2 as a source of HONO and aerosols." Environmental Chemistry 15, no. 6 (2018): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en18083.

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Environmental contextUrea is an important component of dissolved organic nitrogen in rainfall and aerosols, but the sources and the mechanisms of its production are not well understood. This computational study explores the effects of urea and water on the hydrolysis of NO2 and urea nitrate production. The results will aid our interpretation of the role of urea in the formation of atmospheric secondary nitrogen contaminants and aerosols. AbstractThe effects of urea on the hydrolysis reaction 2NO2 + mH2O (m = 1–3) have been investigated by theoretical calculations. The energy barrier (−2.67 kca

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Pace, G., A. di Sarra, D. Meloni, S. Piacentino, and P. Chamard. "Aerosol optical properties at Lampedusa (Central Mediterranean). 1. Influence of transport and identification of different aerosol types." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6, no. 3 (2006): 697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-697-2006.

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Abstract. Aerosol optical depth and Ångström exponent were obtained from multi filter rotating shadowband radiometer (MFRSR) observations carried out at the island of Lampedusa, in the Central Mediterranean, in the period July 2001–September 2003. The average aerosol optical depth at 495.7 nm, τ, is 0.24±0.14; the average Ångström exponent, α, is 0.86±0.63. The observed values of τ range from 0.03 to 1.13, and the values of α vary from −0.32 to 2.05, indicating a large variability in aerosol content and size. In cloud-free conditions, 36% of the airmasses come from Africa, 25% from Central-Eas

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Tritscher, T., J. Dommen, P. F. DeCarlo, et al. "Volatility and hygroscopicity of aging secondary organic aerosol in a smog chamber." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 22 (2011): 11477–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-11477-2011.

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Abstract. The evolution of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) during (photo-)chemical aging processes was investigated in a smog chamber. Fresh SOA from ozonolysis of 10 to 40 ppb α-pinene was formed followed by aging with OH radicals. The particles' volatility and hygroscopicity (expressed as volume fraction remaining (VFR) and hygroscopicity parameter κ) were measured in parallel with a volatility and hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer (V/H-TDMA). An aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) was used for the chemical characterization of the aerosol. These measurements were used as sens

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Karl, M., K. Tsigaridis, E. Vignati, and F. Dentener. "Formation of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene oxidation over Europe." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 18 (2009): 7003–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-7003-2009.

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Abstract. The role of isoprene as a precursor to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) over Europe is studied with the two-way nested global chemistry transport model TM5. The inclusion of the formation of SOA from isoprene oxidation in our model almost doubles the atmospheric burden of SOA over Europe compared to SOA formation from terpenes and aromatics. The reference simulation, which considers SOA formation from isoprene, terpenes and aromatics, predicts a yearly European production rate of 1.0 Tg SOA yr−1 and an annual averaged atmospheric burden of about 50 Gg SOA over Europe. A fraction of 35

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Grythe, H., J. Ström, R. Krejci, P. Quinn, and A. Stohl. "A review of sea-spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 14, no. 3 (2014): 1277–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1277-2014.

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Abstract. Sea-spray aerosols (SSA) are an important part of the climate system because of their effects on the global radiative budget – both directly as scatterers and absorbers of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influencing cloud formation, lifetime, and precipitation. In terms of their global mass, SSA have the largest uncertainty of all aerosols. In this study we review 21 SSA source functions from the literature, several of which are used in current climate models. In addition, we propose a~new function. Even excluding outliers, the globa

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Rindelaub, Joel D., Carlos H. Borca, Matthew A. Hostetler та ін. "The acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of an <i>α</i>-pinene-derived organic nitrate: kinetics, products, reaction mechanisms, and atmospheric impact". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, № 23 (2016): 15425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-15425-2016.

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Abstract. The production of atmospheric organic nitrates (RONO2) has a large impact on air quality and climate due to their contribution to secondary organic aerosol and influence on tropospheric ozone concentrations. Since organic nitrates control the fate of gas phase NOx (NO + NO2), a byproduct of anthropogenic combustion processes, their atmospheric production and reactivity is of great interest. While the atmospheric reactivity of many relevant organic nitrates is still uncertain, one significant reactive pathway, condensed phase hydrolysis, has recently been identified as a potential sin

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Lebonnois, Sebastien, Pascal Rannou, and Frederic Hourdin. "The coupling of winds, aerosols and chemistry in Titan's atmosphere." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 367, no. 1889 (2008): 665–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0243.

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The atmosphere of Titan is a complex system, where thermal structure, radiative transfer, dynamics, microphysics and photochemistry are strongly coupled together. The global climate model developed over the past 15 years at the Pierre-Simon Laplace Institute has been exploring these different couplings, and has demonstrated how they can help to interpret the observed atmospheric structure of Titan's lower atmosphere (mainly in the stratosphere and troposphere). This review discusses these interactions, and our current understanding of their role in the context of this model, but also of other

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Crosbie, Ewan, Luke D. Ziemba, Michael A. Shook, et al. "Measurement report: Closure analysis of aerosol–cloud composition in tropical maritime warm convection." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 20 (2022): 13269–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-13269-2022.

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Abstract. Cloud droplet chemical composition is a key observable property that can aid understanding of how aerosols and clouds interact. As part of the Clouds, Aerosols and Monsoon Processes – Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex), three case studies were analyzed involving collocated airborne sampling of relevant clear and cloudy air masses associated with maritime warm convection. Two of the cases represented a polluted marine background, with signatures of transported East Asian regional pollution, aged over water for several days, while the third case comprised a major smoke transport event fr

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Grythe, H., J. Ström, R. Krejci, P. Quinn, and A. Stohl. "A review of sea spray aerosol source functions using a large global set of sea salt aerosol concentration measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 8 (2013): 20729–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-20729-2013.

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Abstract. Sea spray aerosols (SSA) are an important part of the climate system through their effects on the global radiative budget both directly as scatterers and absorbers of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) influencing cloud formation, lifetime and precipitation. In terms of their global mass, SSA have the largest uncertainty of all aerosols. In this study we review 21 SSA source functions from the literature, several of which are used in current climate models, and we also propose a new function. Even excluding outliers, the global annual S

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Lin, Yu-Chi, Yan-Lin Zhang, Mei-Yi Fan, and Mengying Bao. "Heterogeneous formation of particulate nitrate under ammonium-rich regimes during the high-PM<sub>2.5</sub> events in Nanjing, China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 6 (2020): 3999–4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-3999-2020.

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Abstract. Particulate nitrate (NO3-) not only influences regional climates but also contributes to the acidification of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. In 2016 and 2017, four intensive online measurements of water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were conducted in Nanjing City in order to investigate the potential formation mechanisms of particulate nitrate. During the sampling periods, NO3- was the predominant species, accounting approximately for 35 % of the total water-soluble inorganic ions, followed by SO42- (33 %) and NH4+ (24 %). Significant enhancements of nitrate aerosols in terms of both ab

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Shpagina, Lyubov A., Marina A. Zenkova, Anatoly I. Saprykin, et al. "The role of nanoparticles of industrial aerosols in the formation of occupational bronchopulmonary pathology." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 64, no. 2 (2024): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2024-64-2-111-120.

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The significant prevalence of industrial aerosols with unintentional nanoparticles and the increasing use of engineering nanoparticles in modern production determine the relevance of research on the patterns of interaction with the human bronchopulmonary system. Unintentional nanoparticles are formed during various production processes: melting and welding of metals, combustion, crushing, grinding of minerals, plasma processing of materials. Engineering nanoparticles are released into the air of the work area during their production or use in any technological processes. The respiratory

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Mironova, I. A., I. G. Usoskin, G. A. Kovaltsov, and S. V. Petelina. "Possible effect of extreme solar energetic particle event of 20 January 2005 on polar stratospheric aerosols: direct observational evidence." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 5 (2011): 14003–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-14003-2011.

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Abstract. Energetic cosmic rays are the main source of ionization of the low-middle atmosphere, leading to associated changes in atmospheric properties. Via the hypothetical influence of ionization on aerosol growth and facilitated formation of cloud condensation nuclei, this may be an important indirect link relating solar variability to climate. This effect is highly debated, however, since the proposed theoretical mechanisms still remain illusive and qualitative, and observational evidence is inconclusive and controversial. Therefore, important questions regarding the existence and magnitud

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Tsigaridis, K., J. Lathière, M. Kanakidou, and D. A. Hauglustaine. "Naturally driven variability in the global secondary organic aerosol over a decade." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 5, no. 2 (2005): 1255–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-5-1255-2005.

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Abstract. In order to investigate the variability of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) distributions and budget and provide a measure for the robustness of the conclusions on human induced changes of SOA, a global 3-dimensional chemistry transport model describing both the gas and the particulate phase chemistry of the troposphere has been applied. The response of the global budget of SOA to temperature and moisture changes as well as to biogenic emission changes over a decade (1984–1993) has been evaluated. The considered emissions of biogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds (VOC) ar

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