Relevant bibliographies by topics / Aerosols Australia

Academic literature on the topic 'Aerosols Australia'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Aerosols Australia"

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Yang, Xingchuan, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, Xing Yan, and Hao Fan. "Statistical aerosol properties associated with fire events from 2002 to 2019 and a case analysis in 2019 over Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 3833–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3833-2021.

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Abstract. Wildfires are an important contributor to atmospheric aerosols in Australia and could significantly affect the regional and even global climate. This study investigates the impact of fire events on aerosol properties along with the long-range transport of biomass-burning aerosol over Australia using multi-year measurements from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) at 10 sites over Australia, a satellite dataset derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), reanalysis data from Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2), and back-trajectories from the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. The fire count, fire radiative power (FRP), and aerosol optical depth (AOD) showed distinct and consistent interannual variations, with high values during September–February (biomass-burning period, BB period) and low values during March–August (non-biomass-burning period, non-BB period) every year. Strong correlation (0.62) was found between FRP and AOD over Australia. Furthermore, the correlation coefficient between AOD and fire count was much higher (0.63–0.85) during October–January than other months (−0.08 to 0.47). Characteristics of Australian aerosols showed pronounced differences between the BB period and non-BB period. AOD values significantly increased and fine-mode aerosol dominated during the BB period, especially in northern and southeastern Australia. Carbonaceous aerosol was the main contributor to total aerosols during the BB period, especially in September–December when carbonaceous aerosol contributed the most (30.08 %–42.91 %). Aerosol size distributions showed a bimodal character, with both fine and coarse aerosol particles generally increasing during the BB period. The megafires during the BB period of 2019/2020 further demonstrated the significant impact of wildfires on aerosol properties, such as the extreme increase in AOD for most of southeastern Australia, the dominance of fine particle aerosols, and the significant increase in carbonaceous and dust aerosols in southeastern and central Australia, respectively. Moreover, smoke was found to be the dominant aerosol type detected at heights from 2.5 to 12 km in southeastern Australia in December 2019 and at heights from roughly 6.2 to 12 km in January 2020. In contrast, dust was detected more frequently at heights from 2 to 5 km in November 2019 and January and February 2020. A case study emphasized that the transport of biomass-burning aerosols from wildfire plumes in eastern and southern Australia significantly impacted the aerosol loading, aerosol particle size, and aerosol type of central Australia.
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Yang, Xingchuan, Chuanfeng Zhao, Yikun Yang, and Hao Fan. "Long-term multi-source data analysis about the characteristics of aerosol optical properties and types over Australia." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 3803–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-3803-2021.

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Abstract. The spatiotemporal distributions of aerosol optical properties and major aerosol types, along with the vertical distribution of major aerosol types over Australia, are investigated based on multi-year Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) observations at nine sites, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and back-trajectory analysis from the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT). During the observation period from 2001–2020, the annual aerosol optical depth (AOD) at most sites showed increasing trends (0.002–0.029 yr−1), except for that at three sites, Canberra, Jabiru, and Lake Argyle, which showed decreasing trends (−0.004 to −0.014 yr−1). In contrast, the annual Ångström exponent (AE) showed decreasing tendencies at most sites (−0.045 to −0.005 yr−1). The results showed strong seasonal variations in AOD, with high values in the austral spring and summer and relatively low values in the austral fall and winter, and weak seasonal variations in AE, with the highest mean values in the austral spring at most sites. Monthly average AOD increases from August to December or the following January and decreases during March–July. Spatially, the MODIS AOD showed obvious spatial heterogeneity, with high values appearing over the Australian tropical savanna regions, Lake Eyre Basin, and southeastern regions of Australia, while low values appeared over the arid regions in western Australia. MERRA-2 showed that carbonaceous aerosol over northern Australia, dust over central Australia, sulfate over densely populated northwestern and southeastern Australia, and sea salt over Australian coastal regions are the major types of atmospheric aerosols. The nine ground-based AERONET sites over Australia showed that the mixed type of aerosols (biomass burning and dust) is dominant in all seasons. Moreover, Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) showed that polluted dust is the dominant aerosol type detected at heights 0.5–5 km over the Australian continent during all seasons. The results suggested that Australian aerosol has similar source characteristics due to the regional transport over Australia, especially for biomass burning and dust aerosols. However, the dust-prone characteristic of aerosol is more prominent over central Australia, while the biomass-burning-prone characteristic of aerosol is more prominent in northern Australia.
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Shi, Ge, Wenju Cai, Tim Cowan, Joachim Ribbe, Leon Rotstayn, and Martin Dix. "Variability and Trend of North West Australia Rainfall: Observations and Coupled Climate Modeling." Journal of Climate 21, no. 12 (June 15, 2008): 2938–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jcli1908.1.

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Abstract Since 1950, there has been an increase in rainfall over North West Australia (NWA), occurring mainly during the Southern Hemisphere (SH) summer season. A recent study using twentieth-century multimember ensemble simulations in a global climate model forced with and without increasing anthropogenic aerosols suggests that the rainfall increase is attributable to increasing Northern Hemisphere aerosols. The present study investigates the dynamics of the observed trend toward increased rainfall and compares the observed trend with that generated in the model forced with increasing aerosols. It is found that the observed positive trend in rainfall is projected onto two modes of variability. The first mode is associated with an anomalously low mean sea level pressure (MSLP) off NWA instigated by the enhanced sea surface temperature (SST) gradients toward the coast. The associated cyclonic flows bring high-moisture air to northern Australia, leading to an increase in rainfall. The second mode is associated with an anomalously high MSLP over much of the Australian continent; the anticyclonic circulation pattern, over northern Australia, determines that when rainfall is anomalously high, west of 130°E, rainfall is anomalously low east of this longitude. The sum of the upward trends in these two modes compares well to the observed increasing trend pattern. The modeled rainfall trend, however, is generated by a different process. The model suffers from an equatorial cold-tongue bias: the tongue of anomalies associated with El Niño–Southern Oscillation extends too far west into the eastern Indian Ocean. Consequently, there is an unrealistic relationship in the SH summer between Australian rainfall and eastern Indian Ocean SST: the rise in SST is associated with increasing rainfall over NWA. In the presence of increasing aerosols, a significant SST increase occurs in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean. As a result, the modeled rainfall increase in the presence of aerosol forcing is accounted for by these unrealistic relationships. It is not clear whether, in a model without such defects, the observed trend can be generated by increasing aerosols. Thus, the impact of aerosols on Australian rainfall remains an open question.
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Milic, Andelija, Marc D. Mallet, Luke T. Cravigan, Joel Alroe, Zoran D. Ristovski, Paul Selleck, Sarah J. Lawson, et al. "Biomass burning and biogenic aerosols in northern Australia during the SAFIRED campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 6 (March 23, 2017): 3945–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-3945-2017.

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Abstract. There is a lack of knowledge of how biomass burning aerosols in the tropics age, including those in the fire-prone Northern Territory in Australia. This paper reports chemical characterization of fresh and aged aerosols monitored during the 1-month-long SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) field study, with an emphasis on the chemical signature and aging of organic aerosols. The campaign took place in June 2014 during the early dry season when the surface measurement site, the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS), located in the Northern Territory, was heavily influenced by thousands of wild and prescribed bushfires. ATARS was equipped with a wide suite of instrumentation for gaseous and aerosol characterization. A compact time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer was deployed to monitor aerosol chemical composition. Approximately 90 % of submicron non-refractory mass was composed of organic material. Ozone enhancement in biomass burning plumes indicated increased air mass photochemistry. The diversity in biomass burning emissions was illustrated through variability in chemical signature (e.g. wide range in f44, from 0.06 to 0.18) for five intense fire events. The background particulate loading was characterized using positive matrix factorization (PMF). A PMF-resolved BBOA (biomass burning organic aerosol) factor comprised 24 % of the submicron non-refractory organic aerosol mass, confirming the significance of fire sources. A dominant PMF factor, OOA (oxygenated organic aerosol), made up 47 % of the sampled aerosol, illustrating the importance of aerosol aging in the Northern Territory. Biogenic isoprene-derived organic aerosol factor was the third significant fraction of the background aerosol (28 %).
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Strzelec, Michal, Bernadette C. Proemse, Leon A. Barmuta, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Maximilien Desservettaz, Philip W. Boyd, Morgane M. G. Perron, Robyn Schofield, and Andrew R. Bowie. "Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition from Natural and Anthropogenic Sources in Western Australia." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050474.

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Aerosols from Western Australia supply micronutrient trace elements including Fe into the western shelf of Australia and further afield into the Southern and Indian Oceans. However, regional observations of atmospheric trace metal deposition are limited. Here, we applied a series of leaching experiments followed by total analysis of bulk aerosol samples to a unique time-series of aerosol samples collected in Western Australia to determine atmospheric concentrations and solubilities of Fe and V, Mn, Co, Zn, and Pb. Positive matrix factorisation analysis indicated that mineral dust, biomass burning particulates, sea salt, and industrial emissions were the major types of aerosols. Overall, natural sources dominated Fe deposition. Higher atmospheric concentrations of mineral dust (sixfold) and biomass burning emissions were observed in warmer compared to cooler months. The fraction of labile Fe (0.6–6.0%) was lower than that reported for other regions of Australia. Bushfire emissions are a temporary source of labile Fe and may cause a peak in the delivery of its more easily available forms to the ocean. Increased labile Fe deposition may result in higher ocean productivity in regions where Fe is limiting, and the effect of aerosol deposition on ocean productivity in this region requires further study.
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Mallet, Marc D., Maximilien J. Desservettaz, Branka Miljevic, Andelija Milic, Zoran D. Ristovski, Joel Alroe, Luke T. Cravigan, et al. "Biomass burning emissions in north Australia during the early dry season: an overview of the 2014 SAFIRED campaign." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 22 (November 17, 2017): 13681–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13681-2017.

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Abstract. The SAFIRED (Savannah Fires in the Early Dry Season) campaign took place from 29 May until 30 June 2014 at the Australian Tropical Atmospheric Research Station (ATARS) in the Northern Territory, Australia. The purpose of this campaign was to investigate emissions from fires in the early dry season in northern Australia. Measurements were made of biomass burning aerosols, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic carbons, greenhouse gases, radon, speciated atmospheric mercury and trace metals. Aspects of the biomass burning aerosol emissions investigated included; emission factors of various species, physical and chemical aerosol properties, aerosol aging, micronutrient supply to the ocean, nucleation, and aerosol water uptake. Over the course of the month-long campaign, biomass burning signals were prevalent and emissions from several large single burning events were observed at ATARS.Biomass burning emissions dominated the gas and aerosol concentrations in this region. Dry season fires are extremely frequent and widespread across the northern region of Australia, which suggests that the measured aerosol and gaseous emissions at ATARS are likely representative of signals across the entire region of north Australia. Air mass forward trajectories show that these biomass burning emissions are carried north-west over the Timor Sea and could influence the atmosphere over Indonesia and the tropical atmosphere over the Indian Ocean. Here we present characteristics of the biomass burning observed at the sampling site and provide an overview of the more specific outcomes of the SAFIRED campaign.
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Otero, L., F. Casasola, C. Pereyra, M. Prieto, S. Brusca, and P. Ristori. "AUSTRALIAN AEROSOL LAYERS OVER ARGENTINE TERRITORY DURINGNOVEMBER 2019." Anales AFA 31, no. 1 (April 2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.31527/analesafa.2020.31.1.1.

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On November 8, 2019 a dense feather of smoke was detached from the coasts of Australia due to the intense fires that affected the region. These layers of smoke were dragged by the winds to South America, arriving to the Argentine territory on November 14 and remaining in suspension for a day. In this work, the optical properties of suspended aerosols with satellite information and measurements from terrestrial are analyzed. The Angstrom coefficient is calculated and the type of aerosols present is classified. High values of aerosol optical thickness of 0,25 on average for 440 nm and Angstrom coefficients of 1,2 in the evidence the presence of smoke in the local atmosphere.
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Doglioni, Giorgio, Valentina Aquila, Sampa Das, Peter R. Colarco, and Dino Zardi. "Dynamical perturbation of the stratosphere by a pyrocumulonimbus injection of carbonaceous aerosols." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 17 (August 31, 2022): 11049–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-11049-2022.

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Abstract. The Pacific Northwest Pyrocumulonimbus Event (PNE) took place in British Columbia during the evening and nighttime hours between 12 and 13 August 2017. Several pyroconvective clouds erupted on this occasion, and released in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere unprecedented amounts of carbonaceous aerosols (300 ktn). Only a few years later, an even larger pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) injection took place over Australia. This event, named “the Australian New Year (ANY) event”, injected up to 1100 ktn of aerosol between 29 December 2019 and 4 January 2020. Such large injections of carbonaceous aerosol modify the stratospheric radiative budgets, locally perturbing stratospheric temperatures and winds. In this study, we use the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model (GEOS CCM) to study the perturbations on the stratospheric meteorology induced by an aerosol injection of the magnitude of the PNE. Our simulations include the radiative interactions of aerosols, so that their impact on temperatures and winds are explicitly simulated. We show how the presence of the carbonaceous aerosols from the pyroCb causes the formation and maintenance of a synoptic-scale stratospheric anticyclone. We follow this disturbance considering the potential vorticity anomaly and the brown carbon aerosol loading and we describe its dynamical and thermodynamical structure and its evolution in time. The analysis presented here shows that the simulated anticyclone undergoes daily expansion–compression cycles governed by the radiative heating, which are directly related to the vertical motion of the plume, and that the aerosol radiative heating is essential in maintaining the anticyclone itself.
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Strzelec, Michal, Bernadette C. Proemse, Melanie Gault-Ringold, Philip W. Boyd, Morgane M. G. Perron, Robyn Schofield, Robert G. Ryan, et al. "Atmospheric Trace Metal Deposition near the Great Barrier Reef, Australia." Atmosphere 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2020): 390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11040390.

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Aerosols deposited into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) contain iron (Fe) and other trace metals, which may act as micronutrients or as toxins to this sensitive marine ecosystem. In this paper, we quantified the atmospheric deposition of Fe and investigated aerosol sources in Mission Beach (Queensland) next to the GBR. Leaching experiments were applied to distinguish pools of Fe with regard to its solubility. The labile Fe concentration in aerosols was 2.3–10.6 ng m−3, which is equivalent to 4.9%–11.4% of total Fe and was linked to combustion and biomass burning processes, while total Fe was dominated by crustal sources. A one-day precipitation event provided more soluble iron than the average dry deposition flux, 0.165 and 0.143 μmol m−2 day−1, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy indicated that alumina-silicates were the main carriers of total Fe and samples affected by combustion emissions were accompanied by regular round-shaped carbonaceous particulates. Collected aerosols contained significant amounts of Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Mn, Pb, V, and Zn, which were mostly (47.5%–96.7%) in the labile form. In this study, we provide the first field data on the atmospheric delivery of Fe and other trace metals to the GBR and propose that this is an important delivery mechanism to this region.
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Rotstayn, L. D., S. J. Jeffrey, M. A. Collier, S. M. Dravitzki, A. C. Hirst, J. I. Syktus, and K. K. Wong. "Aerosol-induced changes in summer rainfall and circulation in the Australasian region: a study using single-forcing climate simulations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2012): 5107–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5107-2012.

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Abstract. We use a coupled atmosphere-ocean global climate model (CSIRO-Mk3.6) to investigate the roles of different forcing agents as drivers of summer rainfall trends in the Australasian region. Our results suggest that anthropogenic aerosols have contributed to the observed multi-decadal rainfall increase over north-western Australia. As part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), we performed multiple 10-member ensembles of historical climate change, which are analysed for the period 1951–2010. The historical runs include ensembles driven by "all forcings" (HIST), all forcings except anthropogenic aerosols (NO_AA) and forcing only from long-lived greenhouse gases (GHGAS). Anthropogenic aerosol-induced effects in a warming climate are calculated from the difference of HIST minus NO_AA. We also compare a 10-member 21st century ensemble driven by Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5). Simulated aerosol-induced rainfall trends over the Indo-Pacific region for austral summer and boreal summer show a distinct contrast. In boreal summer, there is a southward shift of equatorial rainfall, consistent with the idea that anthropogenic aerosols have suppressed Asian monsoonal rainfall, and caused a southward shift of the local Hadley circulation. In austral summer, the aerosol-induced response more closely resembles a westward shift and strengthening of the upward branch of the Walker circulation, rather than a coherent southward shift of regional tropical rainfall. Thus the mechanism by which anthropogenic aerosols may affect Australian summer rainfall is unclear. Focusing on summer rainfall trends over north-western Australia (NWA), we find that CSIRO-Mk3.6 simulates a strong rainfall decrease in RCP4.5, whereas simulated trends in HIST are weak and insignificant during 1951–2010. The weak rainfall trends in HIST are due to compensating effects of different forcing agents: there is a significant decrease in GHGAS, offset by an aerosol-induced increase in HIST minus NO_AA. However, the magnitude of the observed NWA rainfall trend is not captured by the ensemble mean of HIST minus NO_AA, or by 440 unforced 60-yr trends calculated from a 500-yr pre-industrial control run. This suggests that the observed trend includes both a forced and unforced component. We investigate the mechanism of simulated and observed NWA rainfall changes by exploring changes in circulation over the Indo-Pacific region. The key circulation feature associated with the rainfall increase is a lower-tropospheric cyclonic circulation trend off the coast of NWA. In the model, it induces moisture convergence and upward motion over NWA. The cyclonic anomaly is present in trends calculated from HIST minus NO_AA and from reanalyses. Further analysis suggests that the cyclonic circulation trend in HIST minus NO_AA may be initiated as a Rossby wave response to positive convective heating anomalies south of the equator during November, when the aerosol-induced response of the model over the Indian Ocean still resembles that in boreal summer (i.e. a southward shift of equatorial rainfall). The aerosol-induced enhancement of the cyclonic circulation and associated monsoonal rainfall becomes progressively stronger from December to March, suggesting that there is a positive feedback between the source of latent heat (the Australian monsoon) and the cyclonic circulation. CSIRO-Mk3.6 indicates that anthropogenic aerosols may have masked greenhouse gas-induced changes in rainfall over NWA and in circulation over the wider Indo-Pacific region: simulated trends in RCP4.5 resemble a stronger version of those in GHGAS, and are very different from those in HIST. Further research is needed to better understand the mechanisms and the extent to which these findings are model-dependent.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aerosols Australia"

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Milic, Andelija. "Chemical characterization and aging of ambient aerosols in Australian urban and remote areas with a focus on biomass burning organic aerosols." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/102843/1/Andelija_Milic_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis presents a study of chemical composition of rural and urban ambient aerosols in Australia. Aerosol mass spectrometry and new statistical analytical packages were applied to determine the sources of observed aerosols, as well as to determine atmospheric aging that occurred in the measured air masses. The focus of the study was on examination of the aerosols generated from prescribed and wild biomass burnings. The main aim of this research is to provide insight into the characterization and aging of organic biomass burning-related aerosols in Australian urban and remote areas.
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Mallet, Marc D. "Water uptake and composition of natural Australian cloud condensation nuclei." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/104437/1/Marc_Mallet_Thesis.pdf.

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This project was an investigation of atmospheric aerosols emitted from the Great Barrier Reef and north Australian fires. The chemical and physical properties of these aerosols were examined to determine their role in cloud formation. Interactions between aerosols and clouds are associated with the largest uncertainty in global climate models. The work of this thesis will contribute towards reducing this uncertainty by providing data for these poorly characterised regions in Australia.
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Bouya, Zahra Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "A study of aerosol optical and physical properties in Darwin, Australia." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Physics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41520.

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This thesis presents the analysis and results of aerosol physical and optical properties over Darwin, Australia, a coastal tropical site which is affected by smoke aerosols from biomass burning inland and sea salt aerosols brought in by the sea breeze. Continuous Multi Filter Rotating Shadow Radiometer (MFRSR) spectral measurements for the period March 2002 -June 2003, have been obtained from the Tropical Western Pacific facilities site in Darwin, part of the D.S. Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. Atmospheric optical thickness was obtained using the Langley regression analysis and aerosol optical thickness was then obtained by removing the molecular and ozone contributions from the total atmosphere optical thickness. A regression analysis was performed on the aerosol optical thickness and the Angstrom exponent to identify the trends in seasonality. It shows a strong seasonal cycle with low optical thickness in autumn and high optical thickness in spring, coinciding with the peak of the biomass burning season. The aerosol optical thickness data were inverted using the Constrained Linear Inversion technique to obtain the size distributions. A novel method, combining several different criteria, was used for classification of the size distribution into classes which could be related to biomass burning aerosols and sea salt aerosols. These classes showed variations with season and meteorological parameters. The wind diurnal cycle showed a significant signature on the aerosol size and loading, and the aerosol loading was also strongly linked to fire activity. The aerosols observed over Darwin reflected different proportions of biomass and sea salt and variations in size over the whole year. The seasonal pattern in the aerosol properties over Darwin is found to be owing to the location of Darwin in the Tropical Warm Pool and the variety of aerosol types: smoke particles produced by the dry season burning conditions, and the sea salt aerosols associated with the introduction of cleaner maritime westerly and northwesterly winds. Aerosols are also affected by the high rainfall rate during the wet season, which washes out the aerosols from the atmosphere.
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Tummon, Fiona. "Direct and semi-direct aerosol effects on the southern African regional climate during the austral winter season." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11607.

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 195-219).
The regional climate model RegCM3 is used to investigate the direct and semi-direct aerosol effects on the southern African climate during the austral winter season (June-September). The sensitivity of simulated aerosol-climate effects to different biomass burning inventories, boundary conditions and sea surface temperature (SST) feedbacks is tested to assess the range of uncertainty associated with these parameters.
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Rea, Géraldine. "Impact des feux de végétation sur la pollution particulaire en région Euro-Méditerranéenne et en Australie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066558/document.

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La quantification des impacts sanitaires et climatiques des aérosols nécessite de pouvoir quantifier précisément leur concentration, leur composition chimique et leur distribution en taille. Parmi les nombreux aérosols émis par les activités anthropiques et naturelles, les émissions de feux de végétation et leur transport sont encore très incertains. Ce travail de thèse vise à améliorer la caractérisation de ces feux, afin de mieux les représenter par modélisation. Afin de couvrir différents types de feux, l’étude portera à la fois sur des analyses de cas en Euro-Méditerranée et en Australie. L’analyse porte tout d’abord sur les informations nécessaires afin de calculer un flux d’émissions de feux : les surfaces brulées et les hauteurs d’injection sont quantifiées par analyse d’observations satellitaires. Les observations MODIS permettent de montrer que la végétation brûlée en Europe est principalement constituée et en moyenne de surfaces agricoles (70%), tandis que les feux de savane et de maquis dominent en Australie (50% et 40%). Au sein de cette moyenne, de très fortes hétérogénéités spatiales sont relevées, avec, par exemple, des feux de forêt représentant 13% au Portugal et 65% au Sud-Est de l’Australie du total observé. A partir d’observations MISR et CALIOP, il est montré que les hauteurs d’injection sont principalement près de la surface et vers 2000 m d’altitude pour les deux régions. Les plus grandes différences d’injection sont relevées au delà de 4000 m avec 4,6-6,4% des émissions en Europe et 8,9-11% en Australie
To determine the health and climatic impacts of aerosols, the quantification of their precise concentrations, their chemical composition and their size distribution is needed. Among the several aerosols emitted from anthropogenic and natural activities, fire emissions and their transport are still a concern. This work aims to improve the characterization of these fires, to allow a better representation in models. To cover different types of fires, the study focuses on case studies in the Euro-Mediterranean region and in Australia. First, the information needed to compute fire emission fluxes is analyzed: the burnt area and injection heights are quantified using satellite observations. MODIS observations shows that the burnt area in Europe is mainly composed, on average, of cropland (70%), whereas savannah and shrubland fires are preponderant in Australia (50% and 40%). However, strong spatial heterogeneities are noticed, with by example forest fires representing 13% of the total observed burned area in Portugal and 65% in South-West of Australia. Using MISR and CALIOP observations of plume heights, it is shown that injection heights are mainly concentrated near the surface and at about 2000 m of altitude for the two regions. The highest differences are noticed above 4000 m, with 4,6-6,4% of emissions in Europe and 8,9-11% in Australia
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Qu, Zihan. "Chemical properties of continental aerosol transported over the Southern Ocean : Patagonian and Namibian sources." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066002/document.

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Patagonie et la Namibie sont deux sources importantes d'aérosol minéral qui alimente la section Atlantique Sud de l'océan Austral avec les micronutriments.L'objet de ma thèse est d'étudier 1) la concentration atmosphérique et la variation temporel de la poussière en Patagonie, 2) l'hétérogénéité spatiale de composition élémentaire de poussière en Patagonie et en Namibie, et 3) la solubilité élémentaire de poussière en Patagonie et en Namibie. Ces trois aspects sont les principaux enjeux pour modéliser les inventaires des émissions de micronutriments biodisponibles à partir de sources de poussière.La concentration en poussière mesurée en Patagonie montre une variation saisonnière avec un niveau plus bas en hiver. Les données météorologiques suggèrent que cette variation saisonnière est associée à la variation de l'humidité du sol dans les zones source plutôt qu'à la vitesse du vent. Des échantillons d'aérosol minéral ont été générés à partir des sols de Patagonie et de Namibie. La composition élémentaire des poussières diffère de celles des sols parents, en particulier en Namibie en raison de l'effet de dilution par le quartz dans les sols. Des compositions élémentaires varient spatialement aux échelles continentale et régionale en Patagonie et Namibie. Les variations de Ca et Mg sont les principales raisons conduisant à l'hétérogénéité spatiale de la composition élémentaire des poussières. Les solubilités élémentaires des aérosols minéraux de Patagonie et de Namibie augmentent avec l'acidité de la solution altérante. Les poussières riches en calcium présentent une solubilité plus élevée pour les éléments les plus solubles (Ca, etc.) en raison de la présence de carbonate. Le suivi de la concentration en poussières obtenu en Patagonie peut aider à mieux en quantifier les émissions dans la région subantarctique et ainsi à mieux contraindre les modèles. La base de données que nous avons obtenue sur les poussières et leur solubilité contribue également à l'évaluation des émissions d'éléments solubles dans la région Australe
Mineral dust is considered to be an important supplier of micronutrient for the Southern Ocean where the primary production is limited by insufficient supply of micronutrients. Patagonia (South America) and Namibia (Southern Africa) are two main dust sources for the South Atlantic section of the Southern Ocean. Emission inventories of bioavailable micronutrients from these two regions regulate the final biological impact on marine ecosystem in the South Atlantic Ocean. This thesis is mainly focused on the investigation of 1) the atmospheric dust concentration and its temporal pattern in Patagonia, 2) the spatial heterogeneity of dust elemental composition in Patagonia and Namibia, and 3) the pH dependence of elemental solubility in Patagonian and Namibian dust. These three aspects are the key issues to model the emission inventories of bioavailable micronutrients from dust sources. Dust concentration measurements were conducted in Patagonia-Atlantic Coast and revealed a seasonal pattern of dust concentration with lower dust level in winter than the other three seasons. Meteorological records suggest that this seasonal pattern is associated with the variation of soil moisture in source areas rather than the recurrently high wind speed. Dust samples were generated from Patagonian and Namibian soils to investigate the elemental composition and the elemental solubility of source dust. Dust elemental composition differs to different degrees from their parents soils, particularly in Namibia due to the dilution effect of quartz in soil. Spatial variability of dust elemental composition was observed at both continental scale and regional scale in Patagonia and Namibia. Variations in Ca and Mg content are the main reasons for the spatial heterogeneity of dust elemental composition. Elemental solubility of Patagonian and Namibian dust increased with acidity of leaching solution. More soluble elements namely Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Sr and Ba showed much higher solubility in calcium-rich dust due to the presence of carbonate. The dust concentration record obtained in Patagonia may help to better quantify the dust emission in subantarctic region and to constrain dust models. Database of dust elemental composition and elemental solubility in Patagonia and Namibia also contributes to the evaluation of emission inventories of soluble elements from dust sources to the Southern Ocean
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Kift, Ryan L., University of Western Sydney, College of Health and Science, and School of Natural Sciences. "Worker exposure to dusts and bioaerosols in the sheep shearing industry in eastern NSW." 2007. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/18702.

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The air found in a shearing shed environment is normally contaminated with many different airborne substances. These contaminants include dust (predominantly organic), bioaerosols (fungi and bacteria), and gases (ammonia and carbon monoxide). Respiratory disorders have been associated with exposure to the types of contaminants found in a normal sheep shearing environment. Twenty nine shearing sheds in the state of New South Wales in Eastern Australia were sampled for concentrations of airborne contaminants. Based on the results of this study the following recommendations are made for the shearing industry: under the current dust and bioaerosol exposure standards there are no requirements to investigate mechanical ventilation to reduce airborne contaminants and there is no need for respiratory protection in any of the monitored sheds. However, it is recommended that if a person has a known predisposition to respiratory illness/stress they should be closely monitored while working in a shearing shed. There are issues raised in this thesis that require further research including the need for an epidemiological study on the health of people working in shearing sheds in relation to their respiratory health. The monitoring of shearing sheds in other regions of Australia needs to be undertaken and based on available literature similar studies are also needed in other livestock industries in Australia.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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8

Zweers, Deborah Claire Stein. "Long-term trends in spatial and temporal distribution of southern African aerosols over the southern Indian Ocean during the austral winter patterns and implications /." 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3362913.

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Book chapters on the topic "Aerosols Australia"

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Suni, Tanja, Hannele Hakola, Jaana Bäck, Richard Hurley, Eva van Gorsel, Taina M. Ruuskanen, Markku Kulmala, et al. "Effect of Vegetation on Aerosol Formation in South-east Australia." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 1018–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_202.

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Bhowmick, Rupsa, and Jill C. Trepanier. "Impact of Aerosols and Ocean Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Days Near Australia." In Hurricane Risk, 135–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02402-4_7.

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Suni, Tanja, Markku Kulmala, L. Sogacheva, Anne Hirsikko, Tommi Bergman, Pasi Aalto, Marko Vana, et al. "Ions and Charged Aerosol Particles in a Native Australian Eucalypt Forest." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 902–5. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_177.

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Yoon, Y. J., B. Y. Lee, T. J. Choi, T. G. Seo, and Seong Soo Yum. "Austral Summer Particle Formation Events Observed at the King Sejong Station." In Nucleation and Atmospheric Aerosols, 1004–7. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6475-3_199.

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Heinzeller, Dominikus, Wolfgang Junkermann, and Harald Kunstmann. "Anthropogenic Aerosol Emissions and Rainfall Decline in South-West Australia." In High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering ´16, 559–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47066-5_38.

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Broomhall, Mark, Brendon McAtee, and Stefan Maier. "An Investigation of the Remote Sensing of Aerosols Based on MODIS Data for Western Australian Conditions." In Lecture Notes in Geoinformation and Cartography, 133–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93962-7_11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Aerosols Australia"

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Qu, Ping, and Yan Yin. "Impacts of Summer Biomass Burning in Australia on Carbon Monoxide, Ozone and Aerosols in the Troposphere of Darwin." In 2008 International Workshop on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (ETT and GRS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ettandgrs.2008.259.

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Kalashnikova, Olga V., Franklin P. Mills, Annmarie Eldering, Don Anderson, and Ross Mitchell. "The effects of smoke and dust aerosols on UV-B radiation in Australia from ground-based and satellite measurements." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Germar Bernhard, James R. Slusser, Jay R. Herman, and Wei Gao. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.617443.

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Dirksen, Ruud, Folkert Boersma, Jos de Laat, Piet Stammes, Omar Torres, and Pepijn Veefkind. "3D OMI observations of aerosol plumes released from December 2006 Australian forest fires." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Richard H. Picard, Adolfo Comeron, Klaus Schäfer, Aldo Amodeo, and Michiel van Weele. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.801660.

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Li, Ying, Yong Xue, Jie Guang, and Linlu Mei. "Spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol properties in Brazil, China, Australia and Canada during 2000–2012." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7730504.

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