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Academic literature on the topic 'Aérosols atmosphériques – Régions tropicales'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Aérosols atmosphériques – Régions tropicales"
Tidiga, Mariam. "Contenu et variabilité des aérosols de la stratosphère : impact des éruptions volcaniques sur la période 2013-2019." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ORLE2011.
Full textLarge volcanic eruptions affect the climate by injecting sulphur dioxide gas into the stratosphere which is converted to sulphate aerosols. These aerosols have the power to warm the stratosphere, cooling the troposphere by reflecting solar radiation. Since the Pinatubo eruption in 1991, which resulted in a global cooling of 0.4◦C, observations have shown that the stratosphere has been regularly impacted by volcanic eruptions of moderate magnitude on a hemispheric scale, but that these events have been less well documented in the tropics. During our research, we carried out simulations by the global model WACCM-CARMA, including chemical and microphysical cycles of Sulphur to study the variability of stratospheric aerosol content in the tropics over the period 2013-2019. The simulations show that the volcanic events of the period (Kelud, Calbuco, Ambae, Raikoke and Ulawun) have significantly influenced the aerosol layer in the tropics, either by direct injection or by transport from distant latitudes
Roumeau, Stéphane. "Les réactions hétérogènes dans la troposphère tropicale : effets des aérosols carbonés et des cirrus sur l'ozone." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_21_Roumeau.pdf.
Full textDayan, Hugo. "Quelles régions à l'extérieur du Pacifique tropical influencent ENSO ?" Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066807.
Full textENSO is the most energetic mode of earth’s climate at inter-annual timescales. Its global impacts make the understanding and forecasting of its evolution a primary research objective. ENSO is the result of tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere’s system internal variability. Recent studies however suggest that inter-annual Sea Surface Temperature anomalies in other regions can influence ENSO evolution through atmospheric teleconnections to equatorial Pacific winds. In contrast with previous studies, which focussed on the effect of a specific region on ENSO, we adopt here a global and objective approach to identify regions that influence ENSO through teleconnections. The statistical analysis of observed datasets first allowed to identify possible regions that influence ENSO, that were previously discussed in literature: the tropical Indian Ocean, North and South subtropical Pacific, and tropical and North Atlantic oceans. Numerical modelling (Atmospheric General Circulation Model and simple ocean model experiments) further indicates that only surface temperature anomalies in the tropical Indian Ocean seem to induce a wind stress response over the Pacific. This wind stress response is strongest in winter over the western Pacific, and induces surface temperature anomalies in the central Pacific during the following spring, that can be amplified by the Bjerknes feedback and influence ENSO evolution. The sensitivity of some results in this work to details of the analysis method suggests that identifying external influences on ENSO through the statistical analysis of observational dataset is a difficult task. A dedicated multi-model approach of that question seems preferable
Jankowiak, Isabelle. "Surveillance des aérosols désertiques à partir de l'imagerie METEOSAT et estimation de leur impact radiatif." Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10029.
Full textDuflot, Valentin. "Quantification et étude du transport des polluants dans la troposphère tropicale de l'océan Indien." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671951.
Full textVernier, Jean-Paul. "Les aérosols et le transport dans la haute troposphère et la stratosphère tropicale à partir des mesures du lidar spatial CALIPSO." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00669120.
Full textSunnu, Albert. "Etude expérimentale des flux et des caractéristiques physiques des poussières sahariennes dans les régions proches du golfe de guinée." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136301.
Full textSunnu, Albert Kojo. "An experimental study of the saharian dust physical characteristics and fluxes near the gulf of Guinea = [Etude expérimentale des flux et des caractéristiques physiques des poussières sahariennes dans les régions proches du golfe de Guinée]." Toulon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00136301.
Full textAThe physical parameters that characterise the Saharan dust aerosol usually present in the environment near the Gulf of Guinea during the months of November to March, known locally as the Harmattan season, have been determined over a 7-year period, using Ghana as a reference geographical location. The dust particle size distributions are obtained and discussed. The dust flux and deposition rate are also estimated. Within the dust particle size range measured (0. 5 µm – 25 µm), the yearly average number and mass concentrations are found to vary from 24 to 63 particles per cm3 and 168 to 1331 µg m-3 respectively. The mean particle diameter is 1. 47 µm. The annual dust deposition rate varies from 12. 7 t/km2/y to 31. 4 t/km2/y, corresponding to a ground dust layer thickness of 4. 8 µm and 11. 8 µm respectively
Sicard, Pierre. "Caractérisation des retombées atmosphériques en France en zone rurale sous forme de précipitations, gaz et aérosols : analyse des tendances spatio-temporelles et des séries chronologiques." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Sicard.pdf.
Full textRenault, Lionel. "Impact des jets côtiers atmosphériques sur l'Upwelling du système de courants de Humboldt." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/465/.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the impact of atmospheric Coastal Jets on the upwellings of the Humboldt Currents System. A double approach is used: the first one consists in studying the Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation as well as the Ocean/Atmosphere interactions from the observations, whereas the second aims at modeling these Circulations in a realistic way by means of numerical regional models (ROMS for the ocean modeling and WRF for the atmosphere modeling. The obtained results suggest that there are various Atmospheric Coastal Jets along the Chilean and Peruvian Coasts. For certain ranges of frequencies, they control the upwelling variability of Chile and Peru. A heat flux balance of the Ocean Mixing Layer allows to identify the main mechanisms which control the oceanic answer off Central Chile. Moreover, we show that the Peruvian coast is under the influence of the both local atmospheric forcing and remote forcing. At some frequencies, the Kelvin wave trapped to the Peruvian Coasts induce a control of the coastal ocean variability by the Equatorial variability. The atmospheric regional model reproduces with realism the Chilean Coastal Jets whereas it has difficulty in simulating the atmospheric circulation at the level of Peru. The oceanic simulations reproduce the oceanic answer to the Coastal Jets off Central Chile. A heat flux balance of the Mixing Layer allows us to study what are the main mechanisms which control the oceanic answer in the model. Finally, we show that the regional models present a sensibility to the spatial resolution of the atmospheric and oceanic models. In particular, close to the coast, the wind characteristics in the atmospheric model depends on the spatial resolution of the model. This sensibility induce that the oceanic answer depends on the forcing field spatial resolution. .