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Academic literature on the topic 'Aérosols atmosphériques – Effets de la pollution atmosphérique'
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Journal articles on the topic "Aérosols atmosphériques – Effets de la pollution atmosphérique"
Mathis, Paul. "Biomasse énergie, pollution atmosphérique et santé." Pollution atmosphérique, NS 7 (June 1, 2014): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/pollution-atmospherique.7815.
Full textColl, Isabelle. "Connaissances sur les enjeux environnementaux et climatiques des particules." Pollution atmosphérique, NS 5 (November 1, 2012): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/pollution-atmospherique.7353.
Full textWidory, David, Emmanuelle Petelet-Giraud, Olivier Le Bihan, Yvon Le Moullec, Christophe Quetel, James Snell, Marleen Van Bocxstaele, et al. "Les métaux dans les particules atmosphériques : les isotopes peuvent-ils aider à discriminer les pôles d’émission potentiels ?" Pollution atmosphérique, NS 2 (September 1, 2010): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54563/pollution-atmospherique.7071.
Full textVAILLANT, H., Y. RUELLE, and JS CADWALLADER. "BREVES DE MEDECINE." EXERCER 35, no. 208 (December 1, 2024): 479–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.56746/exercer.2024.208.479.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Aérosols atmosphériques – Effets de la pollution atmosphérique"
Qabil, Saïd. "Evolution des aérosols atmosphériques et conditions météorologiques en région bordelaise : études par spectrométrie de vibration." Bordeaux 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR10552.
Full textAouizerats, Benjamin. "Impacts radiatifs des aérosols sur la dynamique en couche limite urbaine : application à la campagne CAPITOUL." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1591/.
Full textNowaday, aerosol modelling is an absolute interest for the understanding of the complex atmospheric system. The role of aerosol particles is considered crucial for air quality, meteorological and climatical purpose. Several studies show that the aerosol physical and chemical behaviours affect the atmospheric radiative budget by scaterring and aborbing the radiative fluxes. Moreover, it has also been shown that the physical and chemical description of the aerosol is necessary to give shape to water droplets. Finally, several reports from the World Health Organisation show that the fine aerosol particles can cause major diseases as cancer or pulmonary diseases, and should be now considered as a public health matter. This study takes place in this context, and aims at estimating the radiative feedbacks of urban aerosol on the boundary layer. The CAPITOUL field experiment, which took place in the city of Toulouse during one year from march 2004 to february 2005, is the framework of a modelling study during a 2-day IOP. First, an emission inventory has been set up to reproduce the gaz and particles emissions. Then, a simulation exercise aims at reproduce the aerosol evolution at the fine scale of 500 m, and the very specific spatial distribution at different resolutions. In order to estimate the impact of aerosol particles on radiation, a radiative module has been developped to compute online the aerosol optical properties depending on the complex aerosol physical and chemical parameters. The radiative fluxes are then impacted by the aerosol scaterring and aborbing behaviour, leading to change in the urban dynamics. Those feedbacks on radiative fluxes lead to a change of the boundary layer's temperature. The impacts are also compared to the urban surface impacts
Lepers, Capucine. "Pollution atmosphérique de proximité et toxicité respiratoire : recherche in vitro des mécanismes d'action toxique induits par des aérosols atmosphériques particulaires (PM₂.₅) industriels, urbains et ruraux." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0352/document.
Full textFine airborne particulate matter (PM₂.₅) can be inhaled and retained in deep lung for long periods, leading to onset or exacerbation of cardio-respiratory diseases. However, the complex composition of PM₂.₅ makes difficult the study of their mechanisms of action. This work fits into a global approach aiming to identify the toxicity mechanisms involved in a putative PM₂.₅ carcinogenicity, in association with PM composition. We study six PM samples collected either under industrial, urban or rural area, in spring-summer 2008 or autumn-winter 2008-2009 seasons. Biological fraction analysis revealed numerous and diverse bacterial and fungal components. We carried out Ames tests revealing a high mutagenic potency for PM samples, presumably linked to their nitro-aromatic content. Based on previous cytotoxicity assays, we studied PM effect on bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS-2B, at two concentrations (3.75 and 15µg/cm²). We demonstrated gene induction of several xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes involved in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons metabolic activation. This was associated with an increase in their catalytic activity, leading to bulky DNA-adducts formation in exposed cells. Furthermore, PM₂.₅ lead to DNA single- and double-strand breaks, micronuclei formation, and disturbed telomerase activity. In addition to these genotoxic effects, our study revealed epigenetic alterations such as P16ᴵᴺᴷ⁴ᴬ promoter hypermehylation, histone 3 post-translational modifications, and miRNAs expression changes. Considering the impact of chemical composition on PM toxicity, organic compounds lead to the highest genotoxicity, whereas metals seem to induce more pronounced epigenetic modifications. Altogether, our results indicate that the studied PM₂.₅ samples, through cooperative action of organic and inorganic fractions, may lead in vitro to multiple alterations involved in initiation and promotion steps toward pulmonary carcinogenesis
Unga, Florin. "Investigation of atmospheric aerosol mixing state effect on measured and retrieved optical characteristics : an approach integrating individual particle analysis, remote sensing and numerical simulations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10023/document.
Full textTropospheric aerosols play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, Earth’s radiative budget and climate. After their generation, aerosol can suffer ageing processes and altering their physicochemical properties. An accurate accounting for these processes requires observations of the aerosol properties on different temporal and spatial scales. The current thesis work is dedicated to: (i) study of physicochemical properties and mixing state of individual particles by means of analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy for aerosols collected during episodes of elevated aerosol loading; (ii) analysis of the effect of microphysical properties on optical characteristics as measured and retrieved by remote sensing; and (iii) investigation of possible parameterization of aerosol composition and structure in remote sensing algorithms. The work presents observations conducted in northern France and western Africa (Senegal) as part of Labex CaPPA project and SHADOW field campaigns. It includes simultaneous analyses of collected individual particles composition and structure, remote sensing and in situ observations of urban/industrial, Saharan dust and biomass burning particles near the surface and on different altitudes. A series of numerical simulation devoted to an analysis of sensitivity of remote sensing observations to aerosol mixing state is conducted. Insights on possible parameterization of aerosol core-shell structure in retrieval algorithms are finally presented
Costantino, Lorenzo. "Analysis of aerosol-cloud interaction from space." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0004.
Full textThe aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive analysis of cloud and aerosol interaction over South-East Atlantic, to quantify the overall aerosol impact on the regional radiation budget. We used data from MODIS, PARASOL and CALIPSO satellites, that fly in close proximity on the same sun-synchronous orbit and allow for complementary observations of the same portion of the atmosphere, within a few minutes. The main idea is to use CALIPSO vertical information to define whether or not aerosol and cloud layers observed by MODIS and PARASOL are mixed and interacting. We found evidences that, in case of interaction, cloud properties are strongly influenced by aerosol presence (first indirect effect). In particular, there is a decrease in cloud droplet effective radius and liquid water path with aerosol enhancement. On the other hand, we could not evidence any significant impact on the cloud reflectance. We also analyzed the aerosol impact on precipitation (second indirect effect). In polluted low clouds over the ocean, we found evidence of precipitation suppression and cloud cover increase with increasing aerosol concentration. On the other hand, cloud fraction is shown to be affected by aerosol presence, even if pollution particles are located above cloud top, without physical interaction. This observation is interpreted as a consequence of the aerosol radiative effect. Aerosol shortwave direct (DRF) and indirect (IRF) radiative forcing at TOA has been quantified, with the use of a radiative transfer model constrained by satellite observations. For the direct effect, there is a competition between cooling (negative, due to light scattering by the aerosols) and warming (positive, due to the absorption by the same particles). The six year (2005-2010) mean estimate is equal to -0. 07 (DRF) and -0. 05 (IRF) W/m². The resulting total aerosol forcing is negative (cooling) and equal to -0. 12 W/m²
Chabas, Anne. "Rôle de l'environnement atmosphérique marin dans la dégradation des marbres et du granite de Delos (Cyclades - Grèce)." Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120052.
Full textBhugwant, Chatrapatty. "Étude physico-chimique des aérosols de combustion et de l'ozone troposphérique à la Réunion." La Réunion, 2001. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/01_16_Bhugwant.pdf.
Full textPellerin, Geoffrey. "Quantification des vitesses de dépôt par temps sec et documentation des processus d’émission des aérosols sur couvert naturel : du nanomètre au micron." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1086/document.
Full textThe particles emitted into the atmosphere during chronic or accidental release by the nuclear plants can be subjected, after dispersion, to vertical flows by dry weather: dry deposition and resuspension. Vertical flows in dry weather are characterized by the vertical transfer rate, which is the ratio between the particle flux and the atmospheric concentration of the aerosol in the vicinity of the surface. When this speed is positive, it is a dry deposition rate (Vd in m.s-1) and conversely, when it is negative, it is a transmission rate. It is important to study their dry deposition in a prairial environment. Indeed, the products resulting from this environment are a component of the human food chain via livestock. For particles less than 1 μm, there is a lack of experimental data, which results in uncertainty about the results of the models, which can reach up to two orders of magnitude. In addition, there are no in situ deposition rate measurement data available for particles less than 10 nm. These particles are derived from the gas / particle conversion (nucleation) and may relate to certain radionuclides such as iodine (129, 131I).After their deposition, these radionuclides can be resuspended under the effect of the stress submitted by the wind on the canopy. Such a phenomenon is suspected around the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The aerosol resuspension processes are characterized by the vertical transfer rate (m.s-1) but also by the re-suspension coefficient (Ks in m-1) which is the ratio of atmospheric concentration to surface concentration of particles. Relative uncertainties of 2 to 3 orders of magnitude on the resuspension coefficients exist. The resuspension concerns all the particles present on the canopy, whether they are inert or living (fungi, bacteria, yeasts, etc.). Unlike inert particles, these living particles can assimilate and concentrate radionuclides. However, there is very little data on the resuspension of microorganisms and bacteria in particular. In this context, the objectives of the thesis are to quantify the dry deposition rate as a function of the particle size and the main micrometeorological parameters in the range 1.5 nm - 1.2 μm. The second objective is to document the processes of emission of the bacteria
Rimetz, Juliette. "Les aérosols de pollution en zone urbaine et industrielle sous influence marine : physico-chimie des particules." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00282543.
Full textPouyes, Pauline. "Etude de l'aérosol organique secondaire d'origine biogénique : caractérisation de marqueurs moléculaires et étude de leur réactivité hétérogène d'intérêt atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0471.
Full textAmong the main environmental issues, secondary atmospheric aerosols, whose emissions cannot be regulated, have been the focus of much attention for several years because of their impact on both climate change and air quality. The aim of this work was to study the main tracers of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) produced by the oxidation of terpenes emitted by vegetation. Two complementary aspects were studied experimentally both on the field and in laboratory. The first one focused on the chemical characterisation at the molecular scale of atmospheric particles collected during intensive field campaigns in the Landes and Rambouillet forests, using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, to better understand biosphere-atmosphere interactions. The second part dealt with atmospheric markers in the particulate phase, and more specifically with the limitations of their use as tracers of aerosol sources as well as formation and fate processes, related to heterogeneous (photo-)chemical degradation, which has been very poorly documented to date. Thus, the reactivity at the gas-particle interface of 6 tracers (i.e. terebic, terpenylic, pinonic, pinic, β-caryophyllinic acids and MBTCA) generated from the oxidation of α- and β-pinene as well as β-caryophyllene, was investigated with hydroxyl radicals, ozone or by photodegradation, to determine their atmospheric lifetimes
Books on the topic "Aérosols atmosphériques – Effets de la pollution atmosphérique"
Masclet, Pierre. Pollution atmosphérique: Causes, conséquences, solutions, perspectives. Paris: Ellipses, 2005.
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