Journal articles: 'Aeronautical Transportation'

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Cruz, Felipe Fernandes. "Napalm Colonization: Native Peoples in Brazil's Aeronautical Frontiers." Hispanic American Historical Review 101, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 461–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-9051833.

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Abstract This article investigates how aviation shaped Brazilian frontier colonization beginning in the 1940s and how Indigenous peoples came to use aviation for their own purposes. Backed by a technocratic ideology, the Getúlio Vargas regime saw aeronautics as a fix for the state's lack of control over the frontiers. Beginning with its March to the West program, the government used aviation to quickly explore and colonize vast territories previously out of its reach. The military radically transformed this method in the 1960s, using napalm and paratroopers to quickly create outposts and settlements. This article introduces the term aeronautical frontier to define unique regions where flying was the primary mode of transportation. While much of the discourse on Indigenous peoples and aviation has focused on defensive reactions to the incoming airplanes, this article shows how Native Brazilians appropriated the technology for their own means, mastering it for their own use in aeronautical frontiers.

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Hillenherms, Cornelia, and Andrea Dieball. "Thank you to our CEAS Aeronautical Journal Reviewers." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-020-00490-7.

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Fricke, Hartmut, and Dirk Schäfer. "Editorial for the CEAS Aeronautical Journal special issue on research in air transportation." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 11, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-020-00455-w.

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Shelley, Martin, Robert Pearson, and Javier Vazquez. "Low Profile, Dual-Polarised Antenna for Aeronautical and Land Mobile Satcom." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/984972.

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High data rate communications on the move is fastly becoming a major application area for satellite systems using Ku- and higher frequency bands. The ground terminal antenna used in such systems has a profound impact on the system capabilities and is constrained in many often conflicting ways. While simple reflector systems offer the lowest cost solution, there is a widespread need for low profile antennas to minimize the antenna visual signature and to satisfy aesthetic and transportation requirements. It is often considered that the use of such antennas will compromise the system performance.

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Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. "Implementation of innovative aeronautical communication, navigation and surveillance (CNS) systems." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (November 17, 2019): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.30014.

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This paper introduces implementation of innovative Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) systems in function of Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) integrated by the current and new projected Regional Satellite Augmentation System (RSAS) worldwide. The satellite communication and navigation systems are presently in use, however the main aspect of any hypothetical RSAS network is implementation of satellite surveillance system employing previous and new CNS solutions for improved Air Traffic Control (ATC) and Air Traffic Management (ATM) in all phases of flight, approaching to airports and during landing. The CNS network also enhances safety and emergency systems, transport security and control of transportation freight, logistics and the security of the crew and passengers onboard aircraft. The proposals for modern multifunctional space segment, DVB-RCS network, RSAS infrastructure, Satellite Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast SADS-B system for surveillance and movement guidance and control are also discussed as special solutions in airports environments.

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Jenab, Kouroush, Nikita Ottosen, and Saeid Moslehpour. "Application of scenario-driven hazard analysis in the solid rocket booster." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 5, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v5i1.4673.

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Bibliographical Notes: Kouroush Jenab is a senior member of IEEE, received the B.Sc. degree from the IE Department at Isfahan University of Technology (1989), the M.Sc. degree from the IE Department at Tehran Polytechnic (1992), and the Ph.D. degree from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Ottawa (2005). He served as a senior engineer/manager in auto, and high-tech industries for 18 years. He joined the National Research Council Canada as a research officer where he participated in several international research projects. In 2006, he joined the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering at Ryerson University, Toronto as assistant professor. Currently, Dr. Jenab is Faculty of the College of Aeronautics at Embry-riddle Aeronautical University, FL, USA. He has published over 110 papers in international scientific journals based on his experiences in industries.Nikita Ottosen is a current Systems Engineering graduate student at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. She received her undergraduate degree from ERAU in Aeronautics and is currently working as an Assistant Campus Director at the Crestview, FL campus. She gained valuable knowledge previously working for the Boeing Company and Seattle-Tacoma International Airport, known as The Port of Seattle, in Seattle, Washington. During her time at The Port of Seattle she worked alongside the Wildlife Management department to conduct a study on effective wildlife management strategies. Her study will become a part of a future Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) publication, sponsored by the FAA’s Transportation Research Board of the National Academies.Saeid Moslehpour is a full professor and department chair in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department in the College of Engineering, Technology, and Architecture at the University of Hartford. He holds Ph.D. (1993) from Iowa State University and Bachelor of Science (1989) and Master of Science (1990) degrees from University of Central Missouri. His research interests include failure analysis, logic design, CPLDs, FPGAs, Embedded electronic system testing and distance learning.

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Choo, Yap Yin. "Factors affecting aeronautical charges at major US airports." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 62 (April 2014): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2014.02.006.

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Suarez-Warden, Fernando, and Eduardo González Mendívil. "Problem solving in transference of procedural knowledge aided by AR to support aeronautical transportation decisions." International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing (IJIDeM) 12, no. 1 (February 23, 2017): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12008-017-0384-1.

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Shuai, Wu. "Analysis of Maintenance and Inspection Status of Aeronautical Machinery and Improvement Countermeasures." Journal of Electronic Research and Application 5, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jera.v5i3.2319.

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In the daily operation process of airlines, aviation machinery maintenance and inspection work play an important role. At present, the quality of life of the people in our country is constantly improving. In daily travel, we have not only used cars, trains and other means of transportation, but also started to choose airplanes as the first choice in a higher frequency. In recent years, with the improvement of living standards, more and more people choose to travel during holidays. Therefore, the traffic volume of aviation aircraft is increasing year by year, but it also increases the risk of aviation aircraft failure, so it is particularly important to do a good job in the maintenance and inspection of aviation machinery. In this paper, according to the current situation of aviation machinery maintenance and inspection, put forward targeted improvement measures to ensure the safety and stability of China’s aviation aircraft operation.

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Efimov, V. V. "On the matter of the terminology of aeronautical structures survivability." Dependability 19, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2019-19-2-42-47.

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Aim. The paper examines the existing definitions of survivability and damage tolerance (operational survivability) of aeronautical structures. An attempt is made to unambiguously define the survivability of aeronautical structures that can subsequently be extended to an aircraft as a whole and other complex technical items. The primary goal of this paper is to clearly distinguish between dependability and survivability. In order to ensure efficient operation and flight safety, an aircraft must possess airworthiness, a comprehensive characteristic of an aircraft that is defined by the implemented design principles and solutions and that allows performing safe flights under expected conditions and under the established methods of operation. The expected operating conditions are described in the Aviation Regulations – Airworthiness Requirements. Despite the fact that compliance with the Airworthiness Requirements ensures a sufficiently high level of flight safety, the most vital structural components are designed in such a way as to remain operable even under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions. But dependability cannot be responsible for operability outside the expected operating conditions. Conclusion suggests itself that under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions operability is to be ensured by another property, i.e. survivability. Methods. This research was conducted using the logical and probabilistic approaches. The author examined literary sources primarily dedicated to the matters of dependability and survivability of aeronautical structures, as well as other complex technical items. In order to ensure an optimal understanding of the differences and correlation between the concepts of dependability and survivability, the probabilistic approach was used. Results. Upon the analysis of literary sources, survivability was defined as the property of an item to retain in time the capability to perform the required functions under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions under the specified methods of maintenance, storage and transportation. Additionally, the paper proposes the definition of damage tolerance (operational survivability) as the property of an item to retain in time the capability to perform the required functions under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions depending on the methods of maintenance, storage and transportation. The probabilistic approach to the delimitation of the concepts of dependability and survivability of aeronautical structures was examined using the known indicator of operating efficiency of a transport aircraft that is represented as the mathematical expectation of the efficiency indicator. An aircraft may be either in the expected operating conditions or in extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions. No third option exists. Then, the sum of the probabilities of an aircraft encountering such conditions must be equal to one. The probability of no-failure can be calculated by means of the probability of the contrary event, i.e. the probability of failure that can be represented as the product of the probability of an aircraft encountering certain operating conditions and the probability of failure in such conditions. For the case of extreme conditions beyond the expected conditions the well-known concepts of perishability and vulnerability with the author’s improvements can be used. Conclusions. A definition of survivability was obtained that is clearly different from the concepts of dependability and fail-safety. Additionally, the concept of damage tolerance (operational survivability) was proposed that was introduced similarly to the previously introduced concept of operational dependability.

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Efimov, V. V. "On the matter of the terminology of aeronautical structures survivability." Dependability 19, no. 2 (June 16, 2019): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2019-19-2-43-48.

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Aim. The paper examines the existing definitions of survivability and damage tolerance (operational survivability) of aeronautical structures. An attempt is made to unambiguously define the survivability of aeronautical structures that can subsequently be extended to an aircraft as a whole and other complex technical items. The primary goal of this paper is to clearly distinguish between dependability and survivability. In order to ensure efficient operation and flight safety, an aircraft must possess airworthiness, a comprehensive characteristic of an aircraft that is defined by the implemented design principles and solutions and that allows performing safe flights under expected conditions and under the established methods of operation. The expected operating conditions are described in the Aviation Regulations – Airworthiness Requirements. Despite the fact that compliance with the Airworthiness Requirements ensures a sufficiently high level of flight safety, the most vital structural components are designed in such a way as to remain operable even under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions. But dependability cannot be responsible for operability outside the expected operating conditions. Conclusion suggests itself that under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions operability is to be ensured by another property, i.e. survivability. Methods. This research was conducted using the logical and probabilistic approaches. The author examined literary sources primarily dedicated to the matters of dependability and survivability of aeronautical structures, as well as other complex technical items. In order to ensure an optimal understanding of the differences and correlation between the concepts of dependability and survivability, the probabilistic approach was used. Results. Upon the analysis of literary sources, survivability was defined as the property of an item to retain in time the capability to perform the required functions under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions under the specified methods of maintenance, storage and transportation. Additionally, the paper proposes the definition of damage tolerance (operational survivability) as the property of an item to retain in time the capability to perform the required functions under extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions depending on the methods of maintenance, storage and transportation. The probabilistic approach to the delimitation of the concepts of dependability and survivability of aeronautical structures was examined using the known indicator of operating efficiency of a transport aircraft that is represented as the mathematical expectation of the efficiency indicator. An aircraft may be either in the expected operating conditions or in extreme conditions beyond the expected operating conditions. No third option exists. Then, the sum of the probabilities of an aircraft encountering such conditions must be equal to one. The probability of no-failure can be calculated by means of the probability of the contrary event, i.e. the probability of failure that can be represented as the product of the probability of an aircraft encountering certain operating conditions and the probability of failure in such conditions. For the case of extreme conditions beyond the expected conditions the well-known concepts of perishability and vulnerability with the author’s improvements can be used. Conclusions. A definition of survivability was obtained that is clearly different from the concepts of dependability and fail-safety. Additionally, the concept of damage tolerance (operational survivability) was proposed that was introduced similarly to the previously introduced concept of operational dependability.

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12

Mahmood, S., and R. Radespiel. "Zonal improved delayed detached-Eddy simulation of vortex generator jets at high Reynolds numbers for aeronautical flows." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 4, no. 2 (March 31, 2013): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-013-0068-x.

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Krüger, Wolf R., and Jens König. "Editorial for the CEAS Aeronautical Journal special edition on Smart Fixed Wing Aircraft, WP 1.2 “Load Control”." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 10, no. 4 (September 17, 2019): 975–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-019-00418-w.

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Wild, Jochen. "Editorial for the CEAS Aeronautical Journal special issue on Active Flow Control research within the AFLoNext project." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 11, no. 4 (October 17, 2020): 803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-020-00478-3.

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Jones, Owain Cai, Lucy C. S. Budd, and D. E. Pitfield. "Aeronautical charging policy incentive schemes for airlines at European airports." Journal of Air Transport Management 33 (October 2013): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.06.009.

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Da Rocha, Artur Antonio, and Antonio Henriques De Araujo Junior. "Civil responsibility in air transport: a perspective after the uptodate Rome 1952 international treaty." Journal of Air Transport Studies 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.38008/jats.v1i2.110.

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This paper analyzes the civil responsibility of air transport carriers in accordance with the “Unification Convention Rules for International Air Transportation”. The matter of civil responsibility is a complicated and conflicting theme for analysis due to the difficulty even greater to the additional problem of having to define responsibilities when a disaster of great proportions takes place. Contrary to other modes of transportation, in the case of air transport there is rarely partial damage (when an accident occurs), therefore it is important to remember that in an aeronautical accident, the damages (or sinister) are not partial, they are total. On the other hand, should be considered that the airline industry is global, in which parts of a whole can come from distant countries involving partners from different countries with different realities and legal liability. The existence of joint responsibility of partners involved in the airline industry is what is meant to identify with this article.

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Carrino, Luigi, Antonino Squillace, Valentino Paradiso, Stefano Ciliberto, and Mario Montuori. "Superplastic Forming of Friction Stir Processed Magnesium Alloys for Aeronautical Applications: A Modeling Approach." Materials Science Forum 735 (December 2012): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.735.180.

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Magnesium alloys are attractive for lightweight structural applications in the transportation industry because of their low density and high specific strength and stiffness [1]. With an ultrafine-grained microstructure, they exhibit superplasticity at relatively low temperatures and high strain rates [2]. Friction stir processing (FSP) was used to obtain a microstructure with ultrafine grains in the magnesium alloy AZ31. Microstructures obtained using different rotational speeds are studied. Free bulge forming of the FS processed AZ31 sheets are carried out to evaluate the superplastic behaviour [3]. The model and the evolution equations are, then, implemented into a commercial FE code and different simulations are conducted to correlate the experimental and numerical results for the model validation [4]. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the microstructure on the superplastic behaviour using free bulge forming and FE simulations.

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Bandeira, Michelle Carvalho Galvão Silva Pinto, Anderson Ribeiro Correia, and Marcelo Ramos Martins. "General model analysis of aeronautical accidents involving human and organizational factors." Journal of Air Transport Management 69 (June 2018): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.01.007.

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Karanki, Fecri, Siew Hoon Lim, and Bong Jin Choi. "The determinants of aeronautical charges of U.S. airports: A spatial analysis." Journal of Air Transport Management 86 (July 2020): 101825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101825.

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Machado, Marcio Cardoso, Michelle Aparecida Gomes Eller Araújo, Ligia Maria Soto Urbina, and Flavio Romero Macau. "A qualitative study of outsourced aeronautical maintenance: The case of Brazilian organizations." Journal of Air Transport Management 55 (August 2016): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.04.013.

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Rasuo, B. "An experimental methodology for evaluating survivability of an aeronautical construction from composite materials: An overview." International Journal of Crashworthiness 12, no. 1 (January 2007): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/ijcr.2006.0135.

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Dubikovsky, Sergey, Peng Hao Wang, and Katherine Minarik. "Equipment Condition’s Effect on Student Perceived Workload and Efficiency of Problem Based Projects in an Aeronautical Engineering Technology Program." Research Journal of Education, no. 71 (January 27, 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/rje.71.23.28.

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Aeronautical Engineering Technology (AET) of Purdue University’s School of Aviation and Transportation Technology offers its students a comprehensive and holistic approach to engineering in an applied fashion. Students’ learning outcome includes an application of technical knowledge and hands-on skills in areas of aerospace design, operations, and manufacturing. The curriculum of the program includes a course in which students must learn advanced maintenance concepts and practices including the overhaul of reciprocating engines. This study examined the relationship between engine operational vs. non-operational statuses, time spent to finish a task, and student perceived workloads regarding the maintenance procedures. The tests followed the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) requirements for the practical test questions from the Airframe and Powerplant Certificate (A&P) Exam. Students were also required to fill out a task perceived load index developed and used by NASA.

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Tovar, Beatriz, and Roberto Rendeiro Martín-Cejas. "Are outsourcing and non-aeronautical revenues important drivers in the efficiency of Spanish airports?" Journal of Air Transport Management 15, no. 5 (September 2009): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2008.09.009.

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Puls, René, and Cheryl Lentz. "Retail concessions at European airports: Commercial strategies to improve non-aeronautical revenue from leisure travelers." Journal of Air Transport Management 71 (August 2018): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2018.04.010.

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Kierzkowski, Artur, Tomasz Kisiel, and Maria Pawlak. "Passenger level of service estimation model for queuing systems at the airport." Archives of Transport 47, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6505.

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This paper presents a model for the management of passenger service operations at airports by the estimation of a global index of the level of service. This paper presents a new approach to the scheduling of resources required to perform passenger service operations at airports. The approach takes into account the index of level of service as a quantitative indicator that can be associated with airport revenues. Taking this index into account makes it possible to create an operating schedule of desks, adapted to the intensity of checking-in passengers, and, as such, to apply dynamic process management. This offers positive aspects, particularly the possibility of improvement of service quality that directly translates into profits generated by the non-aeronautical activity of airports. When talking about level of service, there can be distinguish other important indicators that are considered very often (eg maximum queuing time, space in square meters). In this model, however, they are considered as secondary. Of course, space in square meters is important when designing a system. Here this system is already built and functioning. The concept of the model is the use of a hybrid method: computer simulation (Monte Carlo simulation) with multiple regression. This paper focuses on the presentation of a mathematical model used to determine the level of service index that provides new functionality in the current simulation model, as presented in the authors’ previous scientific publications. The mathematical model is based on a multiple regression function, taking into account the significance of individual elementary operations of passenger service at an air terminal.

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Ebus, Tobias, Markus Dietz, and Andreas Hupfer. "Experimental and numerical studies on small contra-rotating electrical ducted fan engines." CEAS Aeronautical Journal 12, no. 3 (May 29, 2021): 559–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00517-7.

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AbstractElectrical propulsion has been identified as one of the key fields of future research within the aerospace sector. The Institute of Aeronautical Engineering at the Universität der Bundeswehr München aims to contribute to the ongoing development of small-sized electrical ducted fan engines with a thrust in the range of 100 N. A special emphasis is placed on electrically powered contra-rotating fan stages. When compared to a conventional rotor–stator stage, contra-rotating fan stages allow for a more compact design, considering a given pressure ratio, or an increased pressure ratio at a constant fan diameter. Since numerous new aircraft concepts are presently being developed, a high demand for compact and powerful electrically driven engines arises. Electrically driven contra-rotating fan engines provide a high potential in terms of compactness, emissions and efficiency. Using electric motors offers the ability to overcome common issues, such as design and integration of a contra-rotating stage into a gas turbine. An innovative new engine design featuring such a contra-rotating stage is developed and tested at one of the Institute’s test benches for electrical propulsion. Key components are two brushless motors powering the fan stage, one for each rotor. Various operation points are investigated experimentally during an extensive test campaign. Experimental results are compared to results of numerical simulations computed by ANSYS CFX. Results indicate a good agreement between experiment and simulation. The engine is running very smooth throughout all tested operation points. Yet, intensive heating up of the electric motors and high-temperature zone are found to be an issue at higher rotation speeds.

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Fusaro, Roberta, Nicole Viola, Marco Fioriti, Davide Ferretto, and Sara Cresto Aleina. "Preliminary design of a cabin escape system for a suborbital vehicle aimed at parabolic flights." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 231, no. 12 (August 2, 2017): 2179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017723671.

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The paper deals with the conceptual design and sizing of a cabin escape system to be applied to a trans-atmospheric transportation system. At first, the role of suborbital vehicles towards the development of a hypersonic transportation system is presented. From this analysis, it has been clear that one of the key points in enhancing the public consensus is to demonstrate a higher level of safety and reliability with respect to the current space vehicles. Since the time of the Space Shuttle enterprise, the development of a proper escape system has been considered crucial to diminish the risk of loss of lives per mission, moving from space-like reliability characteristics to values closer to the aeronautical case. In particular, this paper presents the conceptual design of an escape system for a single stage vehicle aimed at parabolic flights. The proposed design methodology starts with the identification of the major requirements that will lead the design and sizing activities. Then, special attention is devoted to the identification of the required capabilities of a Cabin Escape System and to the selection of the proper subsystems able to guarantee these functionalities. Indeed, considering the high-level of complexity of such a system, during the design process, specific attention should be paid to the impact of on-board systems integration on the overall transportation system architecture and layout. At this purpose, a proper utilization of CAD models can ease the integration process allowing fast verification of mass and volume budgets as well as integrated simulation techniques could be useful. Furthermore, the possibility of exploiting this system during the different phases of the mission should be properly evaluated and, eventually, a preliminary impact risk analysis is reported.

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Jia, F., M. K. Patel, E. R. Galea, A. Grandison, and J. Ewer. "CFD fire simulation of the Swissair Flight 111 in-flight fire – Part II: Fire spread analysis." Aeronautical Journal 110, no. 1107 (May 2006): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013178.

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Abstract In 1998, Swissair Flight 111 (SR111) developed an in-flight fire shortly after take-off which resulted in the loss of the aircraft, a McDonnell Douglas MD-11, and all passengers and crew. The Transportation Safety Board (TSB) of Canada, Fire and Explosion Group launched a four year investigation into the incident in an attempt to understand the cause and subsequent mechanisms which lead to the rapid spread of the in-flight fire. As part of this investigation, the SMARTFIRE Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was used to predict the ‘possible’ development of the fire and associated smoke movement. In this paper the CFD fire simulations are presented and model predictions compared with key findings from the investigation. The model predictions are shown to be consistent with a number of the investigation findings associated with the early stages of the fire development. The analysis makes use of simulated pre-fire airflow conditions within the MD-11 cockpit and above ceiling region presented in an earlier publication (Part I) which was published in The Aeronautical Journal in January 2006.

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Stojce Ilcev, Dimov. "Architecture of African satellite augmentation system (ASAS) for Africa and middle east." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 8, no. 4 (November 17, 2019): 567. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v8i4.30005.

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This paper introduces architecture of African Satellite Augmentation System (ASAS) project designed by African for Africa, with coverage of entire African Continent and Middle East for maritime, land (road and rail) and aeronautical applications. The ASAS network is de facto Regional Satellite Augmentation System (RSAS) as integration component of the Global Satellite Augmentation System (GSAS) employing current and new Satellite Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) for improved traffic control and management at sea, on land and in the air. This Network also enhances safety and emergency systems, transport security and control of transportation freight, logistics and the security of the crew and passengers onboard transport systems. The current infrastructures of the first generation of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS-1) applications are represented by old fundamental solutions for Position, Velocity and Time (PVT) of the satellite navigation and determination systems such as the US GPS and Russian (former-USSR) GLONASS military requirements, respectively. The establishment of Local Satellite Augmentation System (LSAS) and mobile movement guidance and control are also discussed as special infrastructures in seaports, land and airports environments.

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Morales, Etienne. "“Un orgullo de Cuba en los cielos del mundo”. Cubana de aviación from Miami to Bagdad (1946–79)." Journal of Transport History 40, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 62–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022526619832592.

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This article focuses on the transformation of the carrier Cubana de aviación before and after the 1959 Cuban revolution. By observing Cubana's management, labour force, equipment, international passenger and freight traffic, this article aims to outline an international history of this Latin American flag carrier. The touristic air relationships between the American continent and Spain that could be observed in the 1950s were substituted – in the 1960s and 1970s – by a web of political “líneas de la amistad” [Friendship Flights] with Prague, Santiago de Chile, East Berlin, Lima, Luanda, Managua, Tripoli and Bagdad. This three-decade period allows us to interrogate breaks and continuities in the Cuban airline travel sector and to challenge the traditional interpretations of Cuban history. This work is based on diplomatic and corporative archives from Cuba, United States, Canada, Mexico, Spain and France and the aeronautical international press.

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Fusaro, Roberta, and Nicole Viola. "Preliminary reliability and safety assessment methodology for trans-atmospheric transportation systems." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 4 (May 8, 2018): 639–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2016-0214.

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Purpose This paper aims to propose a methodology for a safety and reliability assessment for the conceptual and preliminary design of very complex and disrupting innovative systems like trans-atmospheric vehicles. The proposed methodology differs from existing ones because it does not rely on statistical data at aircraft-level but exploits the statistical population at components-level only. For the sake of clarity, the paper provides some preliminary results of the application of the methodology at system level. The example deals with the safety and reliability assessment of a very complex propulsion system aimed at guaranteeing vertical take-off and landing capabilities of a suborbital vehicle. Design/methodology/approach The proposed methodology is strongly based on a systems engineering approach. It exploits safety and reliability assessment analyses which have already been developed in both aeronautical and space engineering domains, but it combines them in an innovative way to overcome the lack of statistics at aircraft level. The methodology consists of two different steps: a qualitative top-down process, allowing a functional and physical decomposition of the transportation system and a following quantitative bottom-up approach, which provides the estimation of system-level reliability and safety characteristics starting from the statistical estimation of the components’ characteristics. Findings The paper presents a new methodology for the preliminary reliability and safety assessment of innovative transportation systems, such as hypersonic transportation systems. The envisaged methodology will overcome the poorness of statistical data that is usually affecting the conceptual design of breakthrough systems. Research limitations/implications The paper shows the application of the articulated methodology to a limited case study. A complete example of application of the methodology to estimate safety and reliability characteristics at vehicle level will be provided in feature works. Practical implications The methodology has been proposed to be exploited in international research activities in the field of hypersonic transportation systems. Furthermore, a massive application of this approach would allow to create a database for the generation and the update of semi-empirical models focused on high-level estimations of reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) characteristics. Moreover, the proposed safety assessment has been conceived to be fully integrated within a typical conceptual design process. Originality/value The existing literature about safety and reliability assessment at the early design stages proposes pure statistical approaches which are usually not applicable to highly innovative products, where the statistical population is not existing, for example, in the case of trans-atmospheric vehicles. This paper describes how to overcome this problem, through the exploitation of statistical data at components-level only through the combination of these data to estimate RAMS characteristics at aircraft-level thanks to functional analysis, concept of operations and typical safety assessment tools, like functional hazard analysis, failure mode and effect analysis, reliability block diagram and fault tree analysis.

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Luo, Hong Jie, Li Zhang, Zheng Guo Xu, and Yuan Sheng Yang. "Effect of Technological Parameters on Preparation of Mg-Based Foam Materials." Materials Science Forum 749 (March 2013): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.749.356.

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As a novel material, Mg-based foam material not only has fantastic physical characteristics, such as low density, high specific surface area, high specific strength and stiffness, and good biocompatibility, but also has special functional properties, for example, electromagnetic wave shielding, vibration reduction, sound absorption, and so on. It can be widely applied to aeronautical and aerospace, military, shipbuilding, transportation, automotive and medical industries. Mg-based foam material was prepared by direct foaming in magnesium alloy liquid in this study, and the effect of technological parameters on the products, such as addition amount of and granularity of SiC particles and MgCO3 particles, stirring temperature, stirring time, stirring velocity, foaming temperature and foaming time, was investigated. The aim of this research was to develop a new technology which could fabricate large scale Mg-based foam material in air condition. The results showed that variations of technological parameters may affect preparation of the foam materials in some extent and resulted in the changes of the products in apparent density, porosity and structural uniformity. The light weight Mg-based foam with homogeneous pores could be obtained by suitable combination of the technological parameters.

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Teng, Hsing Ming, Ming Chang Wu, Jin Yi Kao, Chun Yao Hsu, and Chung Chen Tsao. "The Effect of Thrust Force in Drilling Composite Materials Using a New Step Core-Ball Drill." Key Engineering Materials 830 (February 2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.830.77.

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Compared with conventional metal materials, composite materials can sustain more loads under lower weight and lower space, which is more suitable to use in high strength environment for structure parts application in aerospace, military, transportation and leisure. The enormous aeronautical components and structures of composite materials require assembly and machining. Drilling is the most important making-hole process in the final assembly. However, conventional drill cannot avoid delamination in drilling composite materials effectively depending on tool geometry only. Delamination caused by drilling thrust has been showed as one of the most problematic defects after drilling composite laminates. Drilling of composite plates using a new step core-ball drill (NSCBD), which is a special drill to improve the chip flow and reduces the thrust force (delamination) at the exit of hole, is studied and compared to the traditional step core-ball drill (TSCBD). The thrust force of new step core-ball drill in drilling composite materials was investigated in this study. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the NSCBD can improve the thrust force (delamination) and efficiency than TSCBD in drilling composite materials.

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Lerro, Angelo, and Manuela Battipede. "Safety Analysis of a Certifiable Air Data System Based on Synthetic Sensors for Flow Angle Estimation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (April 1, 2021): 3127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073127.

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This work deals with the safety analysis of an air data system (ADS) partially based on synthetic sensors. The ADS is designed for the small aircraft transportation (SAT) community and is suitable for future unmanned aerial vehicles and urban air mobility applications. The ADS’s main innovation is based on estimation of the flow angles (angle-of-attack and angle-of-sideslip) using synthetic sensors instead of classical vanes (or sensors), whereas pressure and temperature are directly measured with Pitot and temperature probes. As the air data system is a safety-critical system, safety analyses are performed and the results are compared with the safety objectives required by the aircraft integrator. The present paper introduces the common aeronautical procedures for system safety assessment applied to a safety critical system partially based on synthetic sensors. The mean time between failures of ADS’s sub-parts are estimated on a statistical basis in order to evaluate the failure rate of the ADS’s functions. The proposed safety analysis is also useful in identifying the most critical air data system parts and sub-parts. Possible technological gaps to be filled to achieve the airworthiness safety objectives with nonredundant architectures are also identified.

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Liu, Dan. "Measuring aeronautical service efficiency and commercial service efficiency of East Asia airport companies: An application of Network Data Envelopment Analysis." Journal of Air Transport Management 52 (April 2016): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.12.001.

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Mandal, P. K. "An Experimental Study on Thermal Stability of Age-Hardenable Aluminium Alloys Modified by Scandium Inoculation." Materials Science Forum 830-831 (September 2015): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.830-831.387.

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The Al-Zn-Mg system is a familiar age-hardenable 7xxx series of aluminium alloy. Aluminium alloys are gaining wide popularity in aeronautical, automotive, and transportation industries. Scandium (Sc) has the ability to refine grain size of cast aluminium structure. It has been possible to achieve an ideal combination of strength, density, and thermal stability because of the unique age-hardening characteristics of Sc. Moreover, low solid solubility of Sc in aluminium is responsible for the improvement of the microstructure and mechanical properties when added in small amounts (≤0.6 wt.%). Further, inoculation is an effective means of grain refinement in liquid state of as-castaluminium alloys. So, density of GP zones formation and early stage of ageing effects assessment main priority in the present work. However, coherent precipitates like ScAl3are finely dispersed to provide thermal stability by increasing recrystallization temperature. Hence, the improvement in the high temperature stability of aluminium alloys (7xxx series) may be attributed to the grain boundary pinning (e.g. Zenerdrag mechanism) by the fine precipitates.In this paper, the relationship between the mechanical behavior and microstructure characteristics of Al-Zn-Mg-Sc based alloys are investigated to understand the thermal stability mechanism of grain refinement and dispersive precipitation.

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Jerez-Mesa, Ramón, Victoria Plana-García, Jordi Llumà, and J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez. "Enhancing Surface Topology of Udimet®720 Superalloy through Ultrasonic Vibration-Assisted Ball Burnishing." Metals 10, no. 7 (July 8, 2020): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10070915.

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This contribution reports the effects of an ultrasonic-vibration assisted ball burnishing process on the topological descriptors of nickel-based alloy Udimet®720. This material is of high interest for the transportation industry, and specifically for the aeronautical sector. Despite the acknowledged necessity to finish this material to achieve excelling mechanical performances of parts, surface integrity enhancement by means of plastic deformation through ball burnishing has seldom been explored in previous references so far. In this paper, different surface descriptors are used to report how the topology changes after ultrasonic-assisted ball burnishing, and how burnishing conditions influence that change. The burnishing preload and the number of passes are the only influential factors on surface change, whereas the feed velocity of the tool and the strategy reveal not to be relevant on the result. Additionally, the extent to which the process successfully modifies the objective surfaces is highly divergent depending on the original scale of the treated surface. The assistance of the process with vibrations also shows that the resulting topologies are characterized by a periodical pattern of repetitive peaks and valleys that are extended on the surface with a higher frequency in comparison to the non-assisted process, which could influence in the functional deployment of workpieces treated through it, and could deliver an advantage with regard to its non-assisted homologous process.

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Paul, Justin, and Eva De Groot. "Strategic Planning at Brisbane Airport." Asian Case Research Journal 14, no. 02 (December 2010): 265–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218927510001416.

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The CEO of Brisbane Airport Corporation (BAC), Koen Rooijmans, and his airport planning executive manager, Mark Willey, were preparing strategic plan for BAC's required development projects to facilitate the forecasted future demand of aircraft traffic movements at Brisbane Airport. This forecast, estimated an 80% increase in the total number of passengers who will use the airport by 2012–13. As a consequence, BAC's current facilities would not be sufficient to handle this increase in operations. Therefore, BAC had to expand its airport by constructing new roads, extending its terminals, and building a new runway. This case takes a look at how BAC's airport planning department implemented its new projects. Before BAC was allowed to expand its airport, the company had to write an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) and a Major Development Plan (MDP). In case of the new runway, all possible problems concerning the community, the environment, noise pollution, and the impact on its current operations had to be considered. Another important issue is the diversification possibility of Brisbane airport as an airport city. In this way, the airport become less dependent on their aeronautical-related revenues that tend to diminish in case of terrorist attacks, economic downturns, and collapsing airlines. Besides providing transportation means, the airport city can also offer exhibition complexes, regional corporate headquarters, entertainment, and retail outlets.

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Amicone, Donatello, Andrea Cannas, Alberto Marci, and Giuseppe Tortora. "A Smart Capsule Equipped with Artificial Intelligence for Autonomous Delivery of Medical Material through Drones." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 7976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11177976.

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In the last few years, many examples of blood and medicine delivery drones have been demonstrated worldwide, which mainly rely on aeronautical experience that is not common in the medical world. Speaking about drone delivery, attention should focus on the most important thing: the transported lifesaving good. Traditional boxes that monitor temperature are not usually in real time, and are not suitable for drone transportation because they are heavy and bulky. This means that the biomedical characteristics of delivery are of primary importance. A Smart Capsule, equipped with artificial intelligence (AI), is the first system ever proposed to provide a fully autonomous drone delivery service for perishable and high-value medical products, integrating real-time quality monitoring and control. It consists in a smart casing that is able to guide any autonomous aerial vehicle attached to it, specifically designed for transporting blood, organs, tissues, test samples and drugs, among others. The system monitors the conditions of the product (e.g., temperature, agitation and humidity) and adjusts them when needed by exploiting, for instance, vibrations to maintain the required agitation, ensuring that goods are ready to be used as soon as they are delivered. The Smart Capsule also leverages external temperature to reduce energy uptake from the drone, thus improving the drone’s battery life and flight range. The system replaces the need for specialized drivers and traditional road-bound transportation means, while guaranteeing compliance with all applicable safety regulations. A series of 16 experimental tests was performed to demonstrate the possibility of using the smart capsule to manage the flight and internal good delivery. Eighty-one missions were carried out for a total of 364 min of flight. The Smart Capsule greatly improves emergency response and efficiency of healthcare systems by reducing delivery times by up to 80% and costs by at least 28%. The Smart Capsule and its enabling technology based on AI for drone deliveries are discussed in this paper. The aim of this work is to show the possibility of managing drone delivery with an AI-based device.

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D’Oriano, Vera, Raffaele Savino, and Michele Visone. "Aerothermodynamic study of a small hypersonic plane." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-06-2015-0151.

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Purpose This paper aims to present an aerothermodynamic analysis of a new concept of a small hypersonic airplane. Aerodynamics characteristics for different flow conditions encountered during the missions are analyzed. The effects of elevons deflection for pitch control and of the presence of engines on aerodynamic performances are also investigated for different flight conditions. The effects of boundary layer laminar–turbulent transition on aerodynamic heating are studied to preliminarily identify proper materials that can sustain the hypersonic phase. Design/methodology/approach Aerodynamic characteristics are predicted by means of the semi-empirical aerodynamic prediction code Missile DATCOM and computational fluid dynamics simulations. Computational fluid dynamics analysis is also performed to investigate aerodynamic heating phenomenon. Findings Major discrepancies between the results offered by the two methods have been registered in transonic regime, whereas in subsonic and super-hypersonic conditions, Missile DATCOM confirms to be a suitable tool for preliminary design steps. The results of the analysis show that for the identification of the materials that can sustain the hypersonic phase, the turbulent solution must be taken into account. Carbon fiber reinforced ceramics composite materials seem particularly well suited for the nose, wing and vertical tail leasing edges and control surfaces, while titanium alloys could be used for the rest of the vehicle surface. Originality/value This new concept of vehicle is designed both for point-to-point medium range hypersonic transportation and long duration suborbital space tourism missions, by integrating available technologies developed for aeronautical and space systems.

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Morabito, Michael G. "A Review of Hydrodynamic Design Methods for Seaplanes." Journal of Ship Production and Design 37, no. 03 (August 19, 2021): 159–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jspd.11180039.

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The design of successful water-based aircraft requires a close collaboration between the aeronautical engineers and naval architects, who perform high-speed towing tests, stability calculations, or computational fluid dynamics in support of the design. This article presents the fundamental design considerations of waterborne aircraft, which are outside of the typical educational scope of most naval architects, but which they are sometimes asked to address. These include 1) the hydrostatic and hydrodynamic problems associated with seaplane design, 2) early-stage methods for sizing the hull, 3) prediction techniques using archival data, and 4) hydrodynamic model testing procedures. Although a new design will often require substantial iteration to achieve the desired outcome, the information in this article will assist in developing a reasonable starting point for the design spiral and provides sufficient details for a hydrodynamic model testing facility to perform a successful series of model tests on the design. Although much of the work in this field dates from the 1940s, it is important to review this material in light of the current practices being used at hydrodynamic research facilities today. A detailed description of the model testing apparatus and procedure, used in a recent study at the U.S. Naval Academy, is presented to demonstrate the current applicability of these methods and some pitfalls that can be expected in testing. Introduction Today, there is a renewed interest in seaplane designs for both civilian and governmental applications worldwide. According to the Seaplane Pilots Association, there are approximately thirty-five thousand seaplane-rated pilots in the United States and between five and ten thousand operational seaplanes. Worldwide, larger seaplanes are used for firefighting, search and rescue applications, and cargo transportation.

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Trani, Antonio A., Hojong Baik, Howard Swingle, and Senanu Ashiabor. "Integrated Model for Studying Small Aircraft Transportation System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1850, no. 1 (January 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1850-01.

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A systems engineering methodology was used to study the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) concept as a feasible mode of transportation. The proposed approach employs a multistep intercity transportation planning process executed inside a Systems Dynamics model. Doing so permits a better understanding of SATS impacts to society over time. The approach is viewed as an extension to traditional intercity transport models through the introduction of explicit demand–supply causal links of the proposed SATS over the complete life cycle of the program. The modeling framework discussed is currently being used by the Virginia SATS Alliance to quantify possible impacts of the SATS program for NASA’s Langley Research Center. There is discussion of some of the modeling efforts carried out so far and of some of the transportation modeling challenges facing the SATS program ahead.

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Ried, Robert. "A Flight Test Challenge: Aeroassist for Reuseable, Space-Based Transportation." Journal of the IEST 29, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.29.5.k3328013777g1067.

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NASA and its predecessor, NACA, have relied on testing to address challenges ranging from early aeronautics to the lunar landing. This is a necessary ingredient to success. Current and future challenges, coupled with technology advances, dictate reliance on productive combinations of testing and analysis. An example of this is provided by the necessary combination of ground test, flight test and computational fluid dynamic analyses required to achieve an efficient, space-based aerobraking orbital transfer vehicle. As the Space Shuttle is key to the Space Station, the Space Station is key to transportation beyond low earth orbit. Now is the time to develop the level of understanding adequate for the next generation of space transportation systems.

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Gosling, Geoffrey D. "Evaluation of an Automated Airport Ground Transportation Information System." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1622, no. 1 (January 1998): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1622-01.

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Described are the results of an evaluation study of a demonstration program sponsored by the Division of Aeronautics of the California Department of Transportation, in which computer-based ground transportation information kiosks were installed in four California airports, in conjunction with a similar program undertaken by the Los Angeles Department of Airports. The study included an analysis of kiosk-use patterns derived from the logfiles of user keystrokes and various system actions, which are automatically maintained by the kiosks, and surveys of both kiosk users and airport users in general to determine traveler awareness of the new information kiosks, identify passenger ground transportation information needs, evaluate user satisfaction with the information provided, and determine general travel characteristics of kiosk users. Finally, the costs involved in routine operation and in maintenance of the kiosks are examined and a number of recommendations are made on the future use of the kiosks and on the need to preserve the information generated by the demonstration program.

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Lin, Chin-Tsai, and Pin-Ju Juan. "PERSONNEL SUPPLY AND DEMAND FOR CIVIL AVIATORS IN TAIWAN." TRANSPORT 22, no. 4 (December 31, 2007): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2007.9638138.

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This work was based on data from 2000–2005 provided by the Civil Aeronautics Administration Ministry of Transportation and Communications, and applied the GM (1,1) model of Grey theory to forecast annual demand and supply for civil aviators in Taiwan. This work adopted a five‐year moving average to calculate the transition probability for civil aviators in Taiwan from 2006–2010 considering various levels of seniority. The study results provide a valuable reference for the relevant authorities in identifying the manpower policies of Taiwanese airlines.

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Fain, Stacie L. "2025." International Journal of Aviation Systems, Operations and Training 1, no. 1 (January 2014): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijasot.2014010102.

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Several governmental entities: the Secretary of Transportation; the Departments of Defense, Homeland Security, and Commerce; the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); and industry, aligned their resources to develop the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), a new approach to safety at airports in the United States (U.S.). NextGen places the responsibility for safety within airport management and changing the FAA's role from testing, inspecting, and certifying to approval and periodic audits of the Safety Management Systems (SMS) programs at U.S. airports. The purpose of the research was to determine, through a comprehensive literature review and evaluation, whether SMS will be used as the framework for U.S. airports to move safely into the year 2025. The researcher concluded that the vision for SMS implementation was well defined and the requirements fairly clear, but guidance and support for SMS implementation at U.S. airports are lacking.

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Vidal, Javier, Martin Staniland, Marie-Noelle Polino, Massimo Moraglio, Guenter Dinhobl, Veit Didczuneit, and Reinhold Bauer. "Book Review: De l'histoire des transports à l'histoire de la mobilité? [From History of Transport to History of Mobility?], Clipping the Clouds: How Air Travel Changed the World, Sonderzüge in den Tod: Die Deportationen mit der Deutschen Reichsbahn [Special Trains to Death: The Deportations and the German State Railway], Le ali del potere: La propaganda aeronautica nell'Italia fascista [Wings of power: Aeronautical Propaganda in Fascist Italy], Neue Wege in ein neues Europa. Geschichte und Verkehr im 20. Jahrhundert [New Pathways towards a New Europe: History and Traffic in the Twentieth Century], Touristen an der Front: Das Kriegserlebnis 1914–1918 als Reiseerfahrung in zeitgenössischen Reiseberichten [Tourists at the Front: The 1914–1918 war as a Touristic Experience in Contemporary Travel Reports], Towards Mobility: Varieties of Automobilism in East and West." Journal of Transport History 31, no. 2 (December 2010): 235–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/tjth.31.2.8.

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Mete Yazan, Abdurrahman, and Antonio Brandao Moniz. "TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT OF EVTOL AIR TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM; THE POSITIVE IMPACTS (POTENTIAL BENEFITS)." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 01 (January 31, 2021): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12291.

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This paper intended to provide a vision on the potential consequences of the introduction of emerging air transportation system which was based on a section of the thesis to contribute to the forming of public and policy opinion.Especially this paper tried to understand whether there were enough positive social and environmental impacts in terms of potential benefits to continue the efforts.The negative impacts are beyond the scope of this paper. Limitations of the current ground and airline transportation systems, increasing congestion, poor block speed, combined with expanding population and demand for affordable on-demand mobility are driving the development of future transportation technology and policy. The third wave of aeronautic,e VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and landing) Air Transportation System, is envisioned as the next logical step in the natural progression and could bring about great new capabilities for society that would bring aviation into a new age of being relevant in daily lives. Considering door to door block time, e VTOL Air Transportation System has the potential to achieve anotherfive-fold increase over the auto today as the auto provided ten-fold increase over the horse, and a daily mobility reach of 125 to 250 miles.The main benefits will be on-demand, point-to-point,safe travel, further and anywhere in less travel time with almost zero environmental impact for general people. Besides, a successful implementation and sustainable transition will depend on overcoming technological hurdles, regulatory frameworks, operational safety, cost competitiveness, and sensibilities of the affected communities.

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Badrinath, Sandeep, Hamsa Balakrishnan, Emily Joback, and Tom G. Reynolds. "Impact of Off-Block Time Uncertainty on the Control of Airport Surface Operations." Transportation Science 54, no. 4 (July 2020): 920–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0957.

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Congestion at major airports worldwide results in increased taxi times, fuel burn, and emissions. Regulating the pushback of aircraft from their gates, also known as departure metering, is a promising approach to mitigating surface congestion. Departure metering algorithms require models of airport surface traffic and knowledge of when a flight would be to be ready for pushback, which is called the earliest off-block time (EOBT). While EOBTs are known to be inaccurate due to several reasons, there has been little prior research on characterizing EOBT uncertainty and its impact on departure metering. We present a new class of queuing network models for the airport surface that are capable of capturing congestion at multiple locations. We demonstrate our modeling approach using operational data from three major U.S. airports: Newark Liberty International Airport, Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, and Charlotte Douglas International Airport. We analyze the current levels of uncertainty in the EOBT information published by the airlines and conduct a parametric analysis of the reduction in departure metering benefits due to errors in the EOBT information. Our analysis indicates that the current levels of EOBT uncertainty lead to a 50% reduction in benefits at some airports when compared with an ideal case with no EOBT uncertainty. Two approaches to departure metering are considered: the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s Airspace Technology Demonstration-2 logic and a new optimal control approach. We show that our queuing network models can help design and evaluate both approaches and that the optimal control approach is more effective in accommodating EOBT uncertainty while maintaining runway utilization.

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Wang, Shuming, Zhi Chen, and Tianqi Liu. "Distributionally Robust Hub Location." Transportation Science 54, no. 5 (September 2020): 1189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2019.0948.

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We study the adaptive distributionally robust hub location problem with multiple commodities under demand and cost uncertainty in both uncapacitated and capacitated cases. The hub location decision anticipates the worst-case expected cost over an ambiguity set of possible distributions of the uncertain demand and cost, and the routing policy, being adaptive to the uncertainty realization, ships commodities through selected hubs. We investigate the adaptivity and tractability of the distributionally robust model under different distributional information about uncertainty. In the uncapacitated case in which demand and cost are independent and costs of different commodities are also mutually independent, the adaptive distributionally robust model is equivalent to a nonadaptive classical robust model and the second-stage routing decision follows an optimal static policy. We then relax the independence assumption and show that the second-stage routing decision follows an optimal scenario-wise policy if either the demand or the cost is supported on a convex hull of given scenarios. We extend our analysis to the capacitated case and show that the second-stage routing decision still follows an optimal scenario-wise policy if the demand is supported on the convex hull of given scenarios. In terms of tractability, for all mentioned cases, we reformulate the distributionally robust model as a moderate-sized mixed-integer linear program, and we recover the associated worst-case distribution by solving a collection of linear programs. Through numerical studies using the Civil Aeronautics Board data set, we demonstrate the advantages of the distributionally robust model by examining its superior out-of-sample performance against the classical robust model and the stochastic model.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Aeronautical Transportation'

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