Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aeronautical Transportation'

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1

Carvalho, Jeferson Dutra de. "Definição do modal de transporte ótimo para componentes comprados numa empresa aeronáutica brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-19092006-090138/.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo definir o modal de transporte ótimo para componentes comprados que abastecem a linha de produção de uma empresa aeronáutica, ao menor custo logístico. Devido a característica do material e das exigências de órgãos e entidades responsáveis pelo ambiente industrial aeronáutico, os fornecedores são especializados e de origem internacional, pois as indústrias nacionais ainda não têm a certificação exigida para produzir tais materiais, salvo algumas poucas exceções, o que onera e torna a cadeia de suprimentos muito mais complexa. Portanto, para atingir o objetivo proposto utilizou-se um modelo heurístico, que decide o modal de transporte ótimo para transportar estes materiais de sua origem, EUA ou Europa, até seu destino que é o Brasil.
The present paper aims to define an optimum modal of transportation for acquired components used to supply the production line in a Aeronautical Company, based on the lowest logistic cost. Due to the caracteristics of such material and the special requirements of the Governamental agencies as well as the specific agencies that rule the aeronautical industrial environment, the suppliers which are in its vast majority of this net are from abroad. It happens due to the fact that the local Industry do not hold the required certification to manufacture or assemble such materials which throws the costs and its complexity much more present. Some few isolated companies constitute a exception of this general frame. Based on the exposed, to achieve the proposed goal a heuristic model was used, which defines that the best modal of transportation to transport those specific materials from its origin, USA or Europe, to your final destination in Brazil.
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2

Taylor, Christine P. (Christine Pia) 1979. "Integrated transportation system design optimization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38644.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-178).
Traditionally, the design of a transportation system has focused on either the vehicle design or the network flow, assuming the other as given. However, to define a system level architecture for a transportation system, it is advantageous to expand the system boundary during the design process to include the network definition, the vehicle specifications, and the operations, which couple the vehicle(s) and the network. The integrated transportation system formulation developed in this thesis examines these fundamental components by classifying the decisions required to define them and concurrently optimizing the entire design problem, resulting in a more efficient transportation architecture. The integrated transportation system design models are developed for an air and a space transportation system and an example problem is implemented for each. The integrated air transportation system example of an overnight package delivery network quantifies at least a ten percent improvement in cost over traditional optimization approaches. The formulation for a space transportation system first requires the definition of a space network which is constructed by extending time expanded networks to account for astrodynamic relationships.
(cont.) An Earth-Moon logistics supply example quantifies a 19 percent improvement in total mass in Low Earth Orbit as compared to traditional optimization methods. The improvements in system objective values obtained can be attributed to the reduction in operational inefficiencies for the transportation system. The concurrent optimization of the integrated transportation system design problem employs a new methodology, embedded optimization, to obtain solutions. Embedded optimization allows Simulated Annealing to effectively find good solutions to highly constrained problems by embedding deterministic solvers, such as linear or mixed integer programs, into the perturbation step. Comparing the solutions and computational performance of SA with and without embedded optimization reveals that embedded optimization performs significantly better, with 95 percent confidence.
by Christine Taylor.
Ph.D.
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3

Withers, Mitch Russell. "Environmental and economic assessment of alternative transportation fuels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90808.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 56-63).
Alternative fuels have the potential to mitigate transportation's impact on the environment and enhance energy security. In this work, we investigate two alternative fuels: liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an aviation fuel, and middle distillate fuel derived from woody biomass for use in aviation or road transport. The use of LNG as a supplemental aircraft fuel is considered in the context of the Lockheed Martin C- 1 30H and C-130J transport aircraft. We estimate the cost of retrofitting these aircraft to use LNG and the savings from reduced fuel expenses. We evaluate the societal impacts of LNG within a cost-benefit framework, taking into account resource consumption, human health impacts related to air quality, and climate damage. We find that aircraft operators can save up to 14% on fuel expenses (retrofit costs included) by employing LNG retrofits, with a 95% confidence interval of 2-23%. Society can also benefit by 12% (3-20%) from LNG use as a result of improved surface air quality, lower resource consumption, and climate neutrality relative to conventional fuel. These results are highly dependent on fuel prices, the quantity and cost of the LNG retrofits, and the frequency and length of missions. Woody biomass harvested from old-growth forests produces a large carbon debt when used as a feedstock for transportation fuel. Managed forests are an attractive alternative for inexpensive biomass production with the potential to reduce this carbon debt. We study the effect of forest management practices on the carbon debt payback time resulting from harvesting woody biomass from managed forests for middle distillate fuel production. We also calculate the breakeven time in terms of radiative forcing, temperature change, and economic damages. We find that biofuels produced over a period of 30 years have higher CO 2 emissions than fossil fuels for 59 years, higher radiative forcing for 42 years, higher temperature change for 48 years, and higher cumulative discounted (1-2%) economic damages for more than 100 years. These damages never break even at discount rates above 2%. Payback times can be reduced by increasing the age at which biomass is harvested. When biofuel production is sustained indefinitely, greater climate benefits are achieved over the next 100 years by instead producing long-lived wood products like lumber.
by Mitch Russell Withers.
S.M.
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4

Treleaven, Kyle (Kyle Ballantyne). "Probabilistic on-line transportation problems with carrying-capacity constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90730.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 175-184).
This thesis presents new insights and techniques for the analysis and design of autonomous or technology-assisted ("intelligent") transportation systems. The focus is on cooperative, on-line planning and control, of a fleet of transport vehicles with limited carrying capacity, where new transportation demands enter the system in real time. The study extends an existing probabilistic framework which has provided numerous insights about vehicle scheduling and routing problems since its inception. Additionally, the thesis provides algorithms and new probabilistic cost bounds, for optimal bipartite matchings between large sets of random points and optimal stacker crane tours through large sets of random demands. A recurrent theme of the thesis is that capacity-constrained vehicles must drive passenger-less, inescapably, for some positive fraction of time (in almost any practical setting). Moreover, under probabilistic modelling for the uncertainty of demand, one can predict the aforementioned fraction precisely, using strong Laws of Large Numbers arguments; it relates to a quantity known as the Earth Mover's distance (EMD), described by a fundamental problem in transportation theory. Since the existence of an unavoidable extra cost term has significant implications, e.g., for operational budgets of shared-vehicle systems, the results illuminate a phenomenon whose neglect could prove an unfortunate oversight. To the author's knowledge, this connection of the EMD to on-line vehicle routing is novel. The thesis also provides a new study of the practical considerations imposed by the "street rules" ubiquitous among ground-based transport problems. A new efficient algorithm for the Bipartite Matching problem for points on a roadmap is given. Also given is a new explicit formulation of the EMD on road networks; very few explicit formulas for EMDs have been known previously.
by Kyle Treleaven.
Ph. D.
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5

Caiazzo, Fabio. "Non-CO₂ environmental impacts of transportation fuel use and production." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101491.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 154-165).
Transportation represents one of the largest contributors to anthropogenic air pollution and global climate change. This thesis aims to quantify three specific environmental impacts from transportation fuel combustion and production: 1) Health impacts from transportation combustion emissions in the United States. A multiscale air quality model is applied to assess health impacts from PM 2.5 and ozone concentrations attributable to different transportation modes and other sectors in the U.S. Road transportation is found to be the largest contributor for both pollutant-related mortalities, causing overall 58,000 (90% Cl: 22,800 107,100) early deaths per year. Shipping accounts for 8,800 (90% Cl: 3,700 - 16,100) premature mortalities per year, and rail transportation for 5,000 (90% Cl: 1,900 - 9,300) early deaths. Aviation emissions are responsible for 2,500 (90% Cl: 1,400 - 3,700) early deaths per year in the U.S. 2) Climate effects of albedo changes due to biofuel production. An augmented lifecycle framework is developed to quantify the effects of albedo variations induced by biomass cultivation, and applied to eleven land-use change (LUC) scenarios. Two scenarios are found to have a warming effect, the largest of which is for replacement of desert land with salicornia cultivation. This corresponds to 222 gCO₂e/MJ, equivalent to 3890% and 247% of the lifecycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of fuels derived from salicornia and crude oil, respectively. Nine LUC scenarios exhibit a cooling effect, the largest of which is for the replacement of tropical rainforest with soybean cultivation. This corresponds to -161 gCO₂e/MJ, or -28% and -178% of the lifecycle GHG emissions of fuels derived from soybean and crude oil. 3) Climate impacts from changes in radiative forcing (RF) generated by contrails and contrail cirrus in the scenario of a widespread use of alternative jet fuels in the U.S. The Contrail Evolution and Radiation Model (CERM) is developed to simulate contrail and contrail cirrus cover, properties and radiative forcing over the United States. The results show that the use of alternative jet fuels in the U.S. generates 8% more contrails with respect to conventional jet fuels, due to the enhanced engine water vapor emissions. Contrails from alternative fuels are optically thinner (-35% in optical depth), and formed by larger and fewer ice crystals (+58% in diameter and -73% in number concentration), due to the lower emissions. These differences are responsible for a lower albedo (-36%) from contrails forming as a consequence of alternative fuels emissions. The cooling impact of having optically thinner contrails and is contrasted by the warming effects of having contrails less reflective of the incoming sunlight and in larger number, thus determining a small difference (+0.6%) in the net RF by contrails and contrail cirrus in case of alternative fuels use with respect to conventional jet use. CERM simulations are also performed to quantify for the first time impacts on contrails and contrail cirrus radiative impacts of both combustor technology and ambient conditions, in terms of available concentrations ice nuclei (IN). The results of this thesis offer new insights into the environmental impacts of transportation. The air quality and climate impacts of this sector can be potentially reduced by fostering the use of alternative fuels, but only when previously overlooked effects (such as changes in surface albedo for biofuel production, or ambient concentrations of ice nuclei affecting contrail properties) are taken into account.
by Fabio Caiazzo.
Ph. D.
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6

Boteva, Meglena. "A new century and a new attitude towards safety oversight in air transportation /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31151.

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Public international air law is not in itself an autonomous system. It follows the legal principles and notions applicable to public international law in general. The principle of good faith performance or enforcement of a contract, in particular, emphasizes faithfulness to an agreed common purpose and consistency with the justified expectations of the other party unless an expressed intention to the contrary has been declared.
By signing the Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944, all 185 Contracting States agreed to certain principles and arrangements in order that international civil aviation could be developed in a safe and orderly manner. They undertook, inter alia, to collaborate in securing the highest practicable degree of uniformity in all matters in which such uniformity could facilitate and improve air navigation. Thus, they all agreed to a common purpose and to the means for ensuring it.
With the presence of several regulatory levels, namely, national, regional and international, and given the challenges of the new century in parallel with the increased sophistication of civil aviation systems, safety in air transportation requires that it be a shared responsibility. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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7

Bartlik, Martin. "The impact of EU law on the regulation of international air transportation /." Aldershot : Ashgate, 2007. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00245074.pdf.

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8

Suresh, Pooja. "Environmental and economic assessment of transportation fuels from municipal solid waste." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105567.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 76-86).
Municipal solid waste (MSW), comprising food waste, residential rubbish and commercial waste, has been identified as a potential feedstock for the production of alternative fuels. Conversion of MSW to fuel could displace petroleum-derived fuels to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from transportation, and also avoid the GHG emissions associated with existing waste management strategies such as landfilling. This thesis quantifies the lifecycle GHG emissions and economic feasibility of middle distillate (MD) fuel, including diesel and jet fuel, derived from MSW in the United States via three thermochemical conversion pathways: conventional gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (FT MD), plasma gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (Plasma FT MD) and, conventional gasification, catalytic alcohol synthesis and alcohol-to-jet upgrading (ATJ MD). Expanded system boundaries are used to capture the change in existing MSW use and disposal, and parameter uncertainty is accounted for with Monte Carlo simulations. The median lifecycle GHG emissions are calculated to be 32.9, 62.3 and 52.7 gCO2e/MJ with standard deviations of 7.2, 9.5 and 13.2 gCO2e/MJ for FT, Plasma FT and ATJ MD fuels, respectively, compared to a baseline of 90 gCO2e/MJ for conventional MD fuels. These results are found to be sensitive to MSW composition, the waste management strategy displaced, plant scale and associated fuel yield, feedstock transportation distance and the co-product allocation method. Median minimum selling prices are estimated at 0.99, 1.78 and 1.20 $ per litre and standard deviations of 0.14, 0.29 and 0.27 $ per litre with the probability of achieving a positive net present value of fuel production at market prices of 14%, 0.1% and 7% for FT, Plasma FT and ATJ MD fuels, respectively. The sensitivity of these results to the discount rate, income tax rate, implementation of carbon price, feedstock cost, scale and process efficiency indicate that policy measures, MSW tipping fees and technological advancements can improve the economic viability of MSW fuels. Considering a societal perspective (e.g. social opportunity cost of capital, social costs of GHG emissions) increases the probability of positive net present value of fuel production to 93%, 67% and 92.5% for the FT, Plasma FT, and ATJ MD fuels, respectively.
by Pooja Suresh.
S.M.
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9

Wickham, Richard Robert. "Evaluation of forecasting techniques for short-term demand of air transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11584.

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10

Ishutkina, Mariya A. (Mariya Aleksandrovna). "Analysis of the interaction between air transportation and economic activity : a worldwide perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49882.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 303-313).
Air transportation usage and economic activity are interdependent. Air transportation provides employment and enables certain economic activities which are dependent on the availability of air transportation services. The economy, in turn, drives the demand for air transportation services resulting in the feedback relationship between the two. The objective of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between air transportation and economic activity. More specifically, this work seeks to (1) develop a feedback model to describe the relationship between air transportation and economic activity and (2) identify factors which stimulate or suppress air transportation development. To achieve these objectives this work uses an exploratory research method which combines literature review, aggregate data and case study analyses. First, this work uses data at the individual country level to identify different types of growth patterns between air transportation passengers and GDP for 139 countries. This analysis is then used to identify twenty-two representative countries which span a range of possible interaction behaviors, geographies and income categories. The case study analysis at the individual country level is performed to describe the air transportation impact for each individual economy. These findings help develop a feedback model which describes the relationship between air transportation and economic activity.
(cont.) Specifically, the analysis is used to describe (1) how air transportation flows of passengers and cargo enable the flows of goods, services, knowledge, tourism, investment, remittances and labor among economies and (2) how air transportation flows can affect the country's factor, demand and business conditions. The feedback model is then extended to perform quantitative analysis of the evolution of the enabling impact of air transportation in a particular economy. Specifically, a quantitative system dynamics model is developed to describe the interaction between the demand for leisure travel and the resulting enabling impact of tourism on Jamaica's economy. Case study analysis is also used to identify factors which may stimulate or suppress air transportation system development. The factors are identified both from the air transportation supply and demand sides. The following supply side change factors are identified: changes in the regulatory framework, infrastructure capability, vehicle capability and airline strategy. The air transportation demand is found to be directly affected by exogenous demand shocks, economic downturns, political and economic sanctions, and the development of other transportation modes. The analysis also identifies the following change factors which affect the demand indirectly by changing the country's economic attributes: economic liberalization, institutional and political reforms, supporting infrastructure investment, exchange rate fluctuations, political and macroeconomic stability, growing consumer demand, and changes in management practices.
(cont.) This analysis of stimulating and suppressing factors helps to describe the role of government intervention in changing air transportation system development and its impact on economic activity. The results of this work can help guide further development efforts, investment and policy decisions pertaining to air transportation usage especially in developing economies.
by Mariya A. Ishutkina.
Ph.D.
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11

Sgoutas, Konstantinos. "Effectiveness of electric vehicles vs. vehicle technologies : a case study in environmental transportation policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46448.

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12

Ono, Masahiro S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Experimental validation of the efficient robotic transportation algorithm for large-scale flexible space structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42199.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-79).
A new large space structure transportation method proposed recently is modified and experimentally validated. The proposed method is to use space robots' manipulators to control the vibration, instead of their reaction jets. It requires less fuel than the reaction jet-based vibration control methods, and enables quick damping of the vibration. The key idea of this work is to use the decoupled controller, which controls the vibration mode and rigid body mode independently. The performance of the proposed method and the control algorithm is demonstrated and quantitatively evaluated by both simulation and experiments.
by Masahiro Ono.
S.M.
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13

Jensen, Luke L. "Data-driven flight procedure simulation and noise analysis in a large-scale air transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119288.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-234).
Aircraft noise is a growing source of community concern around airports. Despite the introduction of quieter aircraft, increased precision of onboard guidance systems has resulted in new noise impacts driven by overflight frequency effects. Noise issues present a potential barrier to the continued rollout of advanced operational procedures in the US. This thesis presents a data-driven approach to simulating and communicating noise effects in the flight procedure development and modernization process, with input from multiple stakeholders with varying objectives that are technical, operational, and political in nature. First, a system-level framework is introduced for developing novel noise-reducing arrival and departure flight procedures, clarifying the role of the analyst given diverse stakeholder objectives. The framework includes relationships between baseline impact assessment, community negotiation, iterative flight procedure development, and formal implementation processes. Variability in stakeholder objectives suggests a need to incorporate noise issues in conjunction with other key operational objectives as part of larger-scale US air transportation system modernization. As part of this framework development, an airport-level noise modeling method is developed to enable rapid exposure and impact analysis for system-level evaluation of advanced operational procedures. The modeling method and framework are demonstrated by evaluating potential benefits of specific advanced procedures at 35 major airports in the US National Airspace System, including Performance Based Navigation guidance and a speed-managed departure concept.
by Luke L. Jensen.
Ph. D.
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14

Miller, Bruno 1974. "A generalized real options methodology for evaluating investments under uncertainty with application to air transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32468.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 194-198).
Real options analysis is being increasingly used as a tool to evaluate investments under uncertainty; however, traditional real options methodologies have some shortcomings that limit their utility, such as the use of the geometric Brownian motion to model the value of the underlying asset and the assumption of a fixed cost to exercise the option. In this thesis, an alternative real options methodology is developed that overcomes some of the difficulties of traditional approaches. In particular, the methodology proposed here presents an analytical framework that allows the value of completion and the strategy- enabling completion cost (commonly referred to as stock price and strike price in the real options literature, respectively) to be represented by any probability distribution. If these probability distributions can be described analytically, an exact solution to the real options valuation problem can be found. Otherwise, the probability distributions can be generated with numerical simulation (e.g. Monte Carlo simulation), and the answer can then be found numerically. This generalized methodology combines the simplicity of analytical approaches with the flexibility to represent completion costs and the value of completion with any probability distribution. The generalized real options methodology is illustrated with an example from aviation: the decision to launch a new aircraft development program. This type of investment is suitable for real options analysis because of the many uncertainties involved, the long- term nature of the project, and the ability of management to act and influence the project as uncertainties are resolved during its evolution.
(cont.) The analysis shows that investors can use the numerical results of the real options evaluation to determine the investment limits on the different stages of the aircraft program, that managers can use insights from the real options approach to restructure the program to improve the financial feasibility of the project, and that both investors and managers can use the output of derivative analyses to define minimum requirements (in terms of aircraft orders) to ensure program success.
by Bruno Miller.
Ph.D.
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15

Yutko, Brian M. (Brian Matthew). "The impact of aircraft design reference mission on fuel efficiency in the air transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87482.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, February 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. "October 2013."
Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-157).
Existing commercial aircraft are designed for high mission flexibility, which results in decreased fuel efficiency throughout the operational life of an aircraft. The objective of this research is to quantify the impact of this practice and other non-optimal emergent behaviors of the current global air transportation system. The analysis focuses on improvements that can be made using existing technology. Previous attempts at performing this type of analysis, especially the joint optimization of aircraft design and operations, have been hindered by problem complexity and computational time. In order to overcome these issues and perform the analysis on a global scale, a machine-learning algorithm is used to create a computationally efficient artificial neural network relating aircraft design and off-design mission performance to operational fuel burn and flight time. The data used to train the aircraft performance neural network is generated from an extensive sample of new vehicles optimized for minimum fuel burn on an extremely broad combination of Design Reference Missions (design-payload, -range, and cruise Mach). The resulting comprehensive model of aircraft performance is capable of solving large-scale air transportation network optimization problems. A set of scenarios is analyzed to both establish the limits of the major contributors to system fuel consumption and determine potential realistic benefits from introducing new aircraft with varying design reference missions. Results indicate that approximately 33% of current system fuel consumption is due to the slow retirement and replacement of aircraft in the operational fleet. Additionally, a significant pool of potential fuel burn savings can be realized by designing aircraft closer to their intended operating regime. Multiple large-scale optimization scenarios are presented, including the optimal choice of new aircraft designs for fixed cruise Mach numbers and the globally optimum aircraft choices given any cruise Mach. It is found that reducing design cruise speed can yield system fuel benefits on the order of 7%. Fuel stops are shown as a potentially promising method to operate long-haul missions closer to the maximum fuel efficiency range of an aircraft, and also as a way to mitigate the impact of designing high-efficiency, short-range aircraft that can no longer fly long haul missions directly.
by Brian Yutko.
Ph. D.
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16

De, Serres Martine. "Environmental policymaking for air transportation : toward an emissions trading system." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112600.

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Aviation is at a turning point. Considerable improvements in aircraft emissions efficiencies are expected through technological improvements, air traffic management, and managerial strategies. But global demand for air travel is increasing at an even faster rate. Mostly for political reasons, aviation has been left behind in international efforts to tackle climate change. However, increasing pressure is on the industry for immediate action, thus making further delays impossible.
This thesis is an attempt to determine the best possible course of action for the industry. To this end, it begins by assessing contemporary understanding of aviation's impact on the environment, and provides an overview of efforts being made toward reducing aircraft emissions. It then examines various policymaking tools available to best address the issue, concluding with an emissions trading system. Finally, design characteristics of such a system are suggested, and used to provide an analysis of the European attempt to include aviation into its own emissions trading system.
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17

Yang, Eunsuk. "A design methodology for evolutionary air transportation networks." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29643.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri N.; Committee Member: Baik, Hojong; Committee Member: DeLaurentis, Daniel; Committee Member: Lewe, Jung-Ho; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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18

Keysan, Gizem. "Tactical and operational planning for per-seat, on-demand air transportation." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29730.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Industrial and Systems Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Co-Chair: George L. Nemhauser; Committee Co-Chair: Martin W. P. Savelsbergh; Committee Member: Bruce K. Sawhill; Committee Member: Joel Sokol; Committee Member: Ozlem Ergun. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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19

Hu, Xiaojie. "Technology transition in the national air transportation system : market failure and game theoretic analysis with application to ADS-B." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45218.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).
This research analyzes the problem of technology transition in the national air transportation system, focusing on the implementation of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B). ADS-B is a key technology in the Federal Aviation Administration's plan to modernize the national civil air transportation surveillance system. Data regarding airline perception of benefits, barriers, and knowledge of ADS-B is presented. Market mechanisms that could potentially cause technology implementation failure are identified through game theoretic analysis of airline interview data. Potential market failures identified include public goods failures, cost-benefit asymmetries, information asymmetries, and risk dominance. Potential institutional failures identified include organizational process failures and bureaucratic interests and politics. Government action to correct market failures is explored. Government mechanisms to correct market failures include technology value, support infrastructure development, positive incentives, putative measures, and mandates.
by Xiaojie Hu.
S.M.
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20

Weibel, Roland E. (Roland Everett). "Assuring safety through operational approval : challenges in assessing and approving the safety of systems-level changes in air transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62970.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, February 2010.
"September 2009." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-143).
To improve capacity and efficiency of the air transportation system, a number of new systems-level changes have been proposed. Key aspects of the proposed changes are combined functionality across technology and procedures and large physical scale of deployment. The objective of this work is to examine the current safety assessment processes for systems-level changes and to develop an understanding of key challenges and implications for the assessment and approval of future systems-level changes. From an investigation of current U.S. and international safety regulatory policies and processes, a general model was created describing key processes supporting operational approval. Within this model, a framework defined as an influence matrix was developed to analyze key decisions regarding the required scope of analysis in safety assessment. The influence matrix represents the expected change in levels of risk due to changes in behavior of elements of a system. It is used to evaluate the appropriate scope of analysis in safety assessment. Three approaches to performing safety assessment of systems-level changes were analyzed using the framework: the risk matrix approach, target level of safety approach, and performance-based approach. Case studies were performed using eight implemented and pending systems-level changes. In this work, challenges expected in safety assessment of future systems-level changes were identified. Challenges include the large scope of proposed changes, which drives a need for a broad and deep scope of analysis, including the multiple hazards and conditions and complex interactions between components of a change and the external system. In addition, it can be expected that high safety expectations will increase the required accuracy of models and underlying data used in safety assessment. Fundamentally new operational concepts are also expected to expand the required scope of safety assessment, and a need to interface with legacy systems will limit achievable operations. The large scope of analysis expected for future changes will require new methods to manage scope of safety assessment, and insights into potential approaches are discussed.
by Roland Everett Weibel.
Ph.D.
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21

Dunn, Nicholas (Nicholas S. ). "Analysis of urban air transportation operational constraints and customer value attributes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117987.

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Thesis: M.B.A., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, in conjunction with the Leaders for Global Operations Program at MIT, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-88).
Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a concept that proposes to provide short-range transportation solutions that enable customers to travel point-to-point more quickly than they can today using cars or public transportation. The concept of Urban Air Mobility is not new, but there has been rapidly increasing interest in providing air transportation services within major metropolitan areas. The combination of increasing congestion and advancements in electric aircraft and automation makes the Urban Air Mobility market more attractive for vehicle manufactures and transportation companies. There are many potential applications for new aircraft. However, these applications cannot be based solely on what is technological feasible, but must consider the market, demand, and customer needs. This thesis investigates these factors in order to identify operational challenges that may develop during the implementation and operation of an Urban Air Mobility system. The study focuses on Dallas-Fort Worth to set the scope to one potential early adoption market. The objective is to understand the Dallas-Fort Worth environment better in two dimensions. The first is resident's current perceptions and values. The second is the operational challenges and constraints associated with operating a UAM system. In order to meet this objective, a survey of community members and potential early adopters is conducted to determine customer's perceptions of a UAM system and identify operational challenges that may develop based on customer needs. Next, a case study is completed using 10 reference missions in the Dallas-Fort Worth metropolitan area. The missions represented potential commuter trips, point-to-point trips like sporting events, and randomly generated missions. Through this case study, nineteen operational challenges are identified that may impact the development, implementation, and operation of an Urban Air Mobility system. After reviewing each reference mission, community acceptance of aircraft noise and take off and landing area availability were identified as the operational constraints likely to cause the greatest challenges for UAM operations in Dallas Fort Worth.
by Nicholas Dunn.
M.B.A.
S.M.
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22

Mahapatra, Subrat. "Analysis of routing strategies in air transportation networks for express package delivery services." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2688.

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Thesis (M.S.C.E. ) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Civil Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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23

Lim, Choon Giap. "An integrative assessment of the commercial air transportation system via adaptive agents." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26541.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Dimitri Mavris; Committee Member: Daniel Schrage; Committee Member: Hojong Baik; Committee Member: Jung-Ho Lewe; Committee Member: Kurt Neitzke. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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24

Ide, Yoshinori. "Liberalization of international air transport in the Japan-US market." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/47189948.html.

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25

Smith, Catherine E. "Glass Cockpit Transition Training in Collegiate Aviation: Analog to Digital." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1225479328.

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26

Won, Henry Thome. "A system-of-systems modeling methodology for strategic general aviation design decision-making." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26469.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Mavris, Dimitri; Committee Member: Gallman, John; Committee Member: Lewe, Jung-Ho; Committee Member: Schrage, Daniel; Committee Member: Upton, Eric. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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27

Scheving, Thorsteinsson Astridur. "State aid to airlines." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ64301.pdf.

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28

Jimenez, Hernando. "A strategic planning approach for the operational-environmental problem of air transportation system terminal areas." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31761.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Member: Dr. Fayette Collier; Committee Member: Prof. Daniel Schrage; Committee Member: Prof. Dimitri N. Mavris; Committee Member: Prof. John Leonard; Committee Member: Prof. John-Paul Clarke. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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29

Lewe, Jung-Ho. "An Integrated Decision-Making Framework for Transportation Architectures: Application to Aviation Systems Design." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04132005-204114/unrestricted/Jung-Ho%5FLewe%5F200505%5Fphd.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.
Amy R. Pritchett, Committee Member ; Moore, Mark D., Committee Member ; Wilhite, Alan, Committee Member ; Schrage, Daniel P., Committee Chair ; Mavris, Dimitri N., Committee Co-Chair ; DeLaurentis, Daniel A., Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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30

Monteiro, Luis António Domingos Fernandes. "The strategic use of information in the airline industry." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1998. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2549/.

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This thesis is an empirical investigation of the strategic use of information in the airline industry, and explores the development of competition in the airline industry from an information perspective. The research traces the evolution in the environmental conditions facing airlines from World War I to the present. The research also analyses evolution of the uses of information. Information is an enabler, allowing things to be done, but information can also be a resource in itself. The research finds growing strategic use of information from automation to using information as a resource for strategic flexibility. The main sources of information that airlines use in their strategic efforts are analysed, as well as the ways in which airlines procure this information and the uses they make of it in strategy. The research finds evidence of distinct phases in the evolution of the uses made of information by airlines. Crucial to airline strategic flexibility is local market information acquired informally. However, the evidence also illustrates the serious difficulties airlines face in using the external information about the markets in which they operate in their strategy. Different streams of academic literature support the findings of this empirical research.
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31

Oliveira, Alessandro V. M. "Three essays on competition in airline markets with recent liberalisation." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2004. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2627/.

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This thesis aims at investigating the behaviour of airlines in recently liberalised markets, by making use of the Brazilian air transportation as a case study. In order to accomplish this objective, the following three essays were developed: a study of low cost carrier entry behaviour, an analysis of the pricing behaviour of the major incumbents in the industry, and, finally, an assessment of airline conduct in the most important market in the country. All essays contain empirical investigation performed by making use of data supplied by Brazil’s Department of Civil Aviation, DAC. In the first essay, the entry of Gol Airlines on several Brazilian domestic routes, in 2001 and 2002, is analysed in order to draw inference on the competition between a discounter in rapid expansion and the full-service carriers. A route-choice model is estimated by making use of a flexible post-entry equilibrium profits equation and accounting for endogeneity of the main variables. The second essay aims at empirically investigating the pricing behaviour of the legacy carriers in Brazil, with special focus on reactions to the entry of Gol, in 2001. A study of localised competitive advantage regarding the determinants of pricing power is performed along with the analysis of the pattern of price reactions by the incumbents. A single econometric framework is designed and estimated with panel data controlling for city-specific effects. And finally, the third essay aims at assessing the impacts of economic liberalisation on the route Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo. By making use of both a two-stages budgeting representation of the demand system, and a competition model with product heterogeneity among rivals, and based on the framework of the New Empirical Industrial Organisation, it was possible to examine the existence of a structural change on airlines’ conduct parameters due to the regulatory reform.
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32

Quinn, Andrew. "The ventilation of a chick transport vehicle." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52203/.

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The increasing size and complexity of road vehicles used for the transport of day-old chicks has raised concerns about the thermal environment achieved within the load space of such transporters. Current designs have not been based on scientific infonnation or evaluation, making new development difficult for the industry. To address this lack of information, given the high cost of these vehicles, modelling of this situation would seem a viable option. The work presented in this thesis illustrates the effectiveness of experimental and numerical modelling. Results collected using an ultrasonic anemometer from a full-scale isothennal model of a particular load space and ventilation system are presented for different load configurations of empty chick boxes. These cases were also sinmlated using commercially available computational fluid dynamics software [PHOENICS with high-Re k-e turbulence model and hybrid convective differencing]. These numerical model results were then validated against the experimental data using a novel statistical method based on the repeatability of the experimental data. In further numerical sinmlations a heat load model representing the presence of the chicks, was also incorporated and the likely thermal environment assessed. These numerical results were used to assess the ventilation delivered to each chick box based on the predicted mean air velocities. These results indicated that experimental modelling was a time consmning process with difficulties of accessibility for instrumentation within a loaded vehicle. Numerical sinmlation gave a good approximation of the experimental data but required a nwnber of significant assumptions and simplifications to be made. The main area of disagreement with the experimental data was in the predicted turbu1ence levels. Ventilation rates and thermal conditions within the load space studied suggested an adequate environment is achieved for normal journeys but that the potential for heat stress exists. Further field work to validate these findings is suggested.
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Kumar, Ravindra. "Modelling motorcycles driving cycles and emissions in Edinburgh." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2009. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/3047.

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The level of ownership and use of motorcycling has increased rapidly in Edinburgh and the UK in the last ten years. In this study, motorcycle driving cycles (rural and urban) were developed for Edinburgh (Edinburgh Motorcycle Driving cycle-EMDC). The analysis of EMDC demonstrates that motorcycles‘ driving behaviour differs between urban and rural areas. EMDC shows a typical transient nature of speed, acceleration and deceleration, which is also different from regulatory driving cycles (Economic Commission for Europe-ECE and World Motorcycle Test Cycle-WMTC) and examples from Asia (Taiwan, Bangkok and China). This research underlines the need for detailed investigations of driving cycles in any local condition. It is not generally feasible for a driving cycle developed in one area to be applicable in another area, even with some similar characteristics. Emission factors were also estimated using onboard, laboratory and micro simulation measurements along the test corridor (Air Quality Management Area-AQMA). Laboratory measurements were carried out by applying a number of standard driving cycles (ECE and WMTC) and the derived EMDCs. Results show that the emission factors (EFs) calculated in the laboratory for carbon monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) are higher for the urban EMDC cycle compared to the standard regulatory factors than they are for the rural (except Nitrogen Oxide-NOx). Laboratory emission factors for CO and HC for the urban EMDC were found to be higher than the micro-simulation and onboard methods. EFs obtained from micro-simulation and onboard emissions using the National Atmospheric Emission Inventory (NAEI) emission coefficients were not very different with the exception of NOx, which were relatively higher than those of EMDC. Micro simulation models were mainly developed for private cars and therefore special care should be taken when using them for modelling other conditions (e.g. motorcycles driving characteristics). This study illustrates the extent to which micro-simulation may be utilised to accurately model emissions and discusses the refinements required to model motorcycle motion (hence emission) accurately in micro simulation. The study provides a platform for a large number of potential future applications for the evaluation of emissions and for developing various policy scenarios of pollution reduction and reducing health impacts at local levels.
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Pinon, Olivia Julie. "A methodology for the valuation and selection of adaptable technology portfolios and its application to small and medium airports." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/43632.

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The increase in the types of airspace users (large aircraft, small and regional jets, very light jets, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc.), as well as the very limited number of future new airport development projects are some of the factors that will characterize the next decades in air transportation. These factors, associated with a persistent growth in air traffic will worsen the current gridlock situation experienced at some major airports. As airports are becoming the major capacity bottleneck to continued growth in air traffic, it is therefore primordial to make the most efficient use of the current, and very often, underutilized airport infrastructure. This research thus proposes to address the increase in air traffic demand and resulting capacity issues by considering the implementation of operational concepts and technologies at underutilized airports. However, there are many challenges associated with sustaining the development of this type of airports. First, the need to synchronize evolving technologies with airports' needs and investment capabilities is paramount. Additionally, it was observed that the evolution of secondary airports, and their needs, is tightly linked to the environment in which they operate. In particular, sensitivity of airports to changes in the dynamics of their environment is important, therefore requiring that the factors that drive the need for capacity expansion be identified and characterized. Finally, the difficulty to evaluate risk and make financially viable decisions, particularly when investing in new technologies, cannot be ignored. This work thus focuses on the development of a methodology to address these challenges and ensure the sustainability of airport capacity-enhancement investments in a continuously changing environment. The four-step process developed in this research leverages the benefits yielded by impact assessment techniques, system dynamics modeling, and real options analysis to 1) provide the decision maker with a rigorous, structured, and traceable process for technology selection, 2) assess the combined impact of interrelated technologies, 3) support the translation of technology impact factors into airport performance indicators, and help identify the factors that drive the need for capacity expansion, and finally 4) enable the quantitative assessment of the strategic value of embedding flexibility in the formulation of technology portfolios and investment options. The proposed methodology demonstrates, through a change in demand at the airport modeled, the importance of being able to weigh both the technological and strategic performance of the technology portfolios considered. Hence, by capturing the time dimension and technology causality impacts in technology portfolio selection, this work helps identify key technologies or technology groupings, and assess their performance on airport metrics. By embedding flexibility in the formulation of investment scenarios, it provides the decision maker with a more accurate picture of the options available to him, as well as the time and sequence under which these should be exercised.
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Lamy, Christophe A. "The technical boards of aircraft accident investigation in the United States of America & France /." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33065.

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In conformity with the principles laid down in article 26 of the Chicago Convention and its Annex 13 concerning technical aircraft accident investigations, the United States and France respectively set up and developed their own investigation Boards, the NTSB and the BEA, which may be different by their organization and functioning but both aim at the same objective: the promotion of Air Safety.
To fulfil their complex mission in the best possible conditions and despite eventual pecuniary constraints, the pressure of the media, or the occasional tensions which may arise in case of concomitance with other investigations, the NTSB and the BEA rely on the renowned professionalism and high technical skills of their employees as well as on the participation in the investigation of members of the aeronautical industry who bring their expertise and contribute to the improvement of air safety.
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Balasubramaniam, Usha. "Passengers' protection and rights in international civil aviation." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112598.

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Air transport is of critical importance to move passengers and cargo from one place to another on a global scale. Subsistence, sustenance, growth and profitability of the air transport industry are dependent on the demand for transport from passengers and cargo as the main sources of revenue of the airline industry. The forces of globalization and liberalization, coupled with the very rapid development of low-cost operators, have tempered the growth and profitability of the aviation industry whilst, at the same time, greatly increasing the consumer (passenger and air freight user) advantages in terms of expanding the gamut of their choices, better quality and lower prices. The ever-expanding markets in the Asia and Pacific region hold great promise for a rapid growth of the aviation industry in years to come.
Currently, the international civil aviation community is faced with many challenges evolving from globalization, liberalization of economic regulations, privatization of airlines and airports, commercialization of government services providers, increasing environmental controls, and the emerge of new technologies. To deal effectively with these challenges and issues will require a high level of cooperation among civil aviation authorities, airlines, airports, and providers of air services and products. Airlines under the new free trade regimes have been exposed to many changes and although GATS has an important role to play in this important field, the convergence of economic, safety, security and environmental issues makes a strong case for keeping regulation in these critical issues under the ICAO aviation umbrella.
As air transport experiences structural, policy and regulatory environment changes, in the era of free trade it would be interesting to critically examine the impact of the aforementioned changes on the rights and protection of passengers. In this relation, it becomes very important to review the international, regional, and national efforts which have been made to enhance consumer protection and also have an important bearing on the rights of airline passengers. The thesis also addresses some emerging, non-traditional consumer protection issues, such as health, racial discrimination and the rights of disabled passengers.
In view of the above, the well-developed consumer protection regimes in the United States and the European Union (EU) would be examined in depth and the results of its analysis would be used to develop a suitable model airline passenger protection in the rapidly expending economies of the Asia and Pacific Region.
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Robeson, Isaac J. "A departure regulator for closely spaced parallel runways." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42783.

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Increased efficiency at airports is necessary to reduce delays and fuel consumption. Many of the busiest airports in the nation have at least one pair of closely spaced parallel runways (CSPRs), defined by a separation of less than 2500 ft, with one runway dedicated to arrivals and the other to departures. CSPRs experience a large decrease in capacity under instrument conditions because they can no longer operate independently. In order to mitigate this decrease in capacity and to increase efficiency, proposed herein is a departure regulator for runways so configured, along with a plan of study to investigate the effects of this regulator. The proposed departure regulator makes use of data from precision tracking systems such as ADS-B to issue automated or semi-automated departure clearances. Assuming sequential departure separations are sufficient for clearance, the regulator will automatically issue, or advise the controller to issue, the departure clearance as soon as the arrival on the adjacent runway has descended below its decision height. By issuing the departure clearance earlier, the departure regulator reduces the gap between a pair of arrivals that is required to clear a departure. By decreasing the gap, the regulator increases the number of opportunities where a departure clearance can be issued, given a particular arrival stream. A simulation models the effects of the regulator and quantifies the resulting increases in capacity. The simulation results indicate that all forms of the regulator would provide significant gains of between 14% and 23% in capacity over the current operating paradigm. The results also indicate that the capacity gains are greatest at high arrival rates. Therefore, implementation of the departure regulator could significantly decrease the congestion at many major airports during inclement weather.
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Nunes, Paulo. "Holistic risk management in commercial air transport : a methodology to apply ISO 31000 to the airline industry." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/13571/.

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Risk became popular among management theorists, with many proposing ways to manage all sorts of risks. Some countries require corporations to implement risk management as stand-alone or even integrated element within improved internal control frameworks. As result, several national standards were developed over the last 20 years, but just one arose as truly international solution: ISO 31000. Little has been published on integrated risk management at airlines and the use of industry-wide standards has never been consistently explored before. Two industry-specific standards exist, but their limited scope led to little adherence by airlines. To cover this gap,this thesis analysed the wider picture of integrated airline risk management practices, aiming at identifying improvement areas to propose an adaptation of the ISO 31000 risk management framework. Several empirical methods (including a survey to publications by the ToplOO airlines, and interviews to airline risk managers, experts and practitioners) showed that only six airlines reported using ISO 31000, with two others citing its predecessor, AS/NZS 4360. Many vaguely referred to COSO, customised models or didn't mention any framework. It is unclear why only few airlines use ISO 31000, when other industries applied it successfully before. Therefore, to help disseminating ISO 31000 among airlines, a customised framework has been designed that proposes a truly holistic industry-specific approach, not focussing on individual risk sources. It integrates risk management along the airlines' entire value chain and involves relevant stakeholders in the airlines' internal risk management efforts. The proposal's validation process showed that, while being ambitious in its goals, the customised framework is complete and concise, providing valuable input for airlines using other risk management models. It has been considered particularly suitable for those airlines thinking of launching risk management initiatives. Given that a fundamental culture change is needed, the timeframe for implementation should be generous, allowing for several process iterations and revisions.
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Dobruszkes, Frédéric. "Géographie de la libéralisation du transport aérien passagers en Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210715.

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De 1987 à 1997, le transport aérien intra-européen a connu un bouleversement institutionnel sans précé-dent avec sa libéralisation, c’est-à-dire le passage d’un environnement très régulé et contraint par les États à un environnement libéral. Au terme de ce processus, toute compagnie communautaire peut opérer n’importe quel vol intra-communautaire et les aides d’État sont interdites, obligeant les compagnies à être financière-ment rentables. La liberté d’accès au marché et l’impératif de rentabilité sont de nature à faire évoluer la géographie des réseaux et donc la desserte des ré-gions européennes par le biais de différentes dynami-ques (développement ou rationalisation des compagnies préexistantes, émergence de nouvelles compagnies, faillites, réorganisation des services publics,…).

La libéralisation du ciel européen a effectivement conduit à soumettre l’essentiel de l’offre intra-européenne aux « lois du marché », les services publics étant devenus résiduels (moins de 5% des sièges intra-européens). Pour autant, la concurrence à l’échelle des lignes n’est pas devenue la norme. Elle a certes aug-menté, en particulier sur des grandes lignes domesti-ques jadis très protégées, sur les principales lignes européennes entre régions métropolitaines et sur les lignes nord – sud à vocation touristique. Cependant, le développement de nombreuses nouvelles lignes exploi-tées par une seule compagnie a paradoxalement aug-menté le nombre et la part des monopoles de fait. De nombreuses concurrences n’ont lieu qu’indirectement, soit au travers de filiales étrangères (par exemple Spa-nair appartenant à SAS), soit par des compagnies low-cost opérant depuis des aéroports secondaires plus éloignés des grandes agglomérations européennes (par exemple Hahn au lieu de Francfort).

Entre 1991 et 2005, la desserte de l’espace européen libéralisé connaît d’importantes évolutions. D’une part, le volume de l’offre (en sièges) est presque multiplié par deux (+85%, +81% si l’on se limite aux vols intra-européens), soit un taux de croissance annuel moyen de 5,6%. Cette croissance concerne plus l’offre interna-tionale que nationale, qui l’emporte maintenant sur la seconde. D’autre part, la dynamique d’ouverture et de fermeture de lignes est spectaculaire :1308 créations contre 459 disparitions, si bien que le nombre total de lignes a augmenté de moitié et que le réseau européen actuel est un réseau pour moitié renouvelé par rapport à celui de 1991. Cependant, le poids en sièges des lignes héritées est de 8/10. Le réseau européen actuel est donc quantitativement toujours dominé par les relations historiques, qui constituent l’armature de la desserte aérienne européenne.

Les espaces touristiques balnéaires méridionaux ont capté une grande partie de cette croissance (3/10 des nouvelles liaisons, ¼ de l’augmentation générale du nombre de sièges). Si l’on y ajoute le tourisme urbain, on observe très clairement une banalisation du tou-risme aérien.

Une typologie évolutive des réseaux à l’échelle des compagnies a révélé des stratégies différenciées et donc des impacts variés en termes de desserte des territoires. Les grandes compagnies nationales ont généralement fortement développé leur offre tout en la concentrant plus encore sur leurs bases aéroportuaires traditionnelles organisées en hubs. Parfois, un second hub a dû être créé pour contourner des problèmes de saturation (Munich en plus de Francfort) ou mieux coller à la demande (Milan en plus de Rome). Les compagnies classiques ont aussi pris des participations dans des petites compagnies afin de pénétrer plus facilement, et à moindre coût, des marchés étrangers. Ces filiales — et leurs réseaux — ont parfois été converties en opéra-teurs régionaux alimentant les grands hubs. Par ail-leurs, diverses petites compagnies ont pu se développer à l’échelle européenne, sortant souvent de leur cadre national classique. Ces développements se sont tantôt faits au bénéfice des villes « de province » (en particu-lier en Grande-Bretagne), tantôt par concentration sur la capitale (en particulier dans les pays où les villes de province ont peu de poids économique et démographi-que). Enfin, des compagnies charters ont transformé leur offre en offre régulière, la rendant plus ouverte au public, au profit des zones touristiques méridionales qui sont ainsi plus facilement accessibles.

Mais la plus spectaculaire évolution est sans doute le développement des compagnies low-cost. Celles-ci sont responsables de 4/10 de la croissance de l’offre (en sièges) sur la période 1995-2004 ;elles sont aussi mêlées à 3/10 des nouvelles lignes européennes ouver-tes entre 1991 et 2005. Leurs réseaux renforcent les liaisons entre régions métropolitaines et entre celles-ci et les destinations touristiques. En outre, les régions subcentrales leur doivent la moitié de leur desserte et presque toute leur croissance. De nombreux petits aéroports leur doivent l’essentiel, voire la totalité, de leur desserte et de leur croissance, en particulier dans les régions subcentrales et intermédiaires. Ceci a consi-dérablement modifié les rapports entre compagnies et gestionnaires d’aéroports, plaçant ces derniers dans un rapport de forces qui ne leur est pas toujours favorable.

Ces dynamiques viendraient presque faire oublier les décroissances. D’une part, des faillites ont parfois eu un effet négatif marqué sur la desserte des villes, comme nous l’avons en particulier montré pour Bruxelles avec la faillite de la Sabena. D’autre part, les services publics subventionnés semblent être en régression, bien que l’analyse détaillée du cas français montre que la géo-graphie des services publics antérieurs à la libéralisation découlait parfois plus d’exigences politiques locales que de besoins réels.

A l’échelle régionale, l’analyse des évolutions par types économiques régionaux montre qu’au-delà de taux de croissance très variés et malgré toutes les dynamiques étudiées, la répartition de l’offre est demeurée assez constante :il n’y a pas de remise en cause de la hiérar-chisation de l’espace européen. Les régions métropoli-taines continuent en effet à polariser une très grande partie de l’offre et sont toujours les points de passage quasi-obligés pour les vols intercontinentaux. Un niveau en dessous, les régions centrales disposent toujours d’une offe honorable, quoique limitée à l’Europe et ses marges. Les régions subcentrales profitent d’une « décompression » des régions métropolitaines et cen-trales et de la dynamique low-cost. Les capitales des pays ex-communistes connaissent un rattrapage et sont repolarisées par l’Europe occidentale. Les périphéries touristiques connaissent un important développement mais pèsent peu globalement. Les autres périphéries et les espaces intermédiaires tendent à se marginaliser, victimes de trop faibles densités économiques et démo-graphiques et d’une contraction des services publics aériens.

Enfin, si le développement de lignes transversales entre petites villes est une réalité, leur poids est avant tout local. Celles-ci pèsent en effet peu globalement.


Doctorat en sciences, Spécialisation géographie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Anza, Inigo. "Synthesis of Aluminum-Titanium Carbide Nanocomposites by the Rotating Impeller Gas-Liquid In-situ Method." Digital WPI, 2016. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/376.

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"The next generation of aluminum alloys will have to operate at temperatures approaching 300°C. Traditional aluminum alloys cannot perform at these temperatures, but aluminum alloys reinforced with fine ceramic particles can. The objective of this research is to develop a process to synthesize Al-TiC composites by the Rotating Impeller Gas-Liquid In-situ method. This method relies on injecting methane into molten aluminum that has been pre-alloyed with titanium. The gas is introduced by means of a rotating impeller into the molten alloy, and under the correct conditions of temperature, gas flow, and rotation speed, it reacts preferentially with titanium to form titanium carbide particles. The design of the apparatus, the multi-physics phenomena underlying the mechanism responsible for particle formation and size control, and the operation window for the process are first elucidated. Then a parametric study that leads to the synthesis of aluminum reinforced with TiC microparticles and nanoparticles is described. Finally, potential technical obstacles that may stand in the way of commercializing the process are discussed and ways to overcome them are proposed. "
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Gregorian, Hayk. "Air Transport versus High-Speed Rail: From Physics to Economics." Bachelor's thesis, Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184074658.

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Purpose - This bachelor thesis compares high-speed rail (HSR) transport with air transport. The investigation considers physical fundamentals, energy consumption, environmental impact, infrastructure and investment, market situations, passenger's selection criteria to choose transportation options, and overall economics. --- Methodology - The thesis combines an investigation of physical principles with a literature review. --- Findings - Steel wheels on steel rails show by far less rolling resistance to support the train's weight than drag due to lift (induced drag) to support the aircraft's weight. This leads to less energy consumption. HSR trains use electricity from an overhead line. Hence, the environmental impact of HSR also depends much on how the electricity is produced. Airplanes only need an air traffic control environment to connect airports. In contrast, HSR needs infrastructure to connect stations. The amount of necessary infrastructure depends on the geological conditions. For example, crossing mountains means high investment. Longer passages over water are infeasible for HSR. High-speed rail is superior to air transport when connecting megacities because the trains have higher transport capacity, offer higher service frequencies and mission reliability, shorter total travel time, shorter access time to stations, shorter unproductive waiting time in stations and potentially lower travel costs. HSR is a strong competitor to airline services and has replaced some short range flights. A comparison of HSR in different world regions shows differences in the market situation and in passenger's selection criteria for transportation options. --- Research limitations - The potential of high-speed rail was investigated mainly on busy routes with high service frequencies. A comprehensive network comparison between high-speed trains and airplanes was not done and could lead to somewhat different results. --- Practical implications - The report tries to contribute arguments to the discussion about alternatives to air travel. --- Social implications - With more knowledge people can make an educated choice between transport options, can vote with their feet, and can take a firm position in the public discussion. --- Originality/value - A general comparison of HSR and air transport from physical fundamentals to economics seemed to be missing.
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McCulloch, Kirsty Anita. "Evaluation of fatigue management systems in the Australian transport industry." 2006. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/46375.

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The aim of this thesis is to evaluate fatigue management systems (FMSs) within the Australian transportation industry, and provide directions for future improvement. In doing so, it draws on some preliminary data from the rail industry, and a larger study that evaluates several components of a FMS that was implemented by the Australian Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) for the general aviation sector in 2000.
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Greenberg, Reuven. "A quantitative safety model of systems subject to low probability high consequence accidents." 2007. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/34060.

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The thesis introduces a new quantitative safety modelling approach for large scale socio-technical systems that exhibit Low Probability High Consequence (LPHC) accidents. This approach uses Bayesian Belief Networks (BBN) and overcomes inherent difficulties of current methods, difficulties that make these methods incapable of coping with complexities of socio-technical systems.
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44

Mutapanduwa, Simbarashe Morgan. "Assessment of the contributions of air transportation in stimulating local economic development in Vhembe District." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/376.

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Johnson, Donovan Theodore. "The metallic elephant in the room : short range flights, high-speed rail, and the environment." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3303.

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It is of nearly universal acceptance that one of the pillars of American economic success over the course of the 20th century was the rapid development of infrastructure. Transportation infrastructure has been of particular importance in the rise of the United States and attributed to the spread of an increasingly mobile culture. Americans undoubtedly enjoy traveling, and the ability to do so with relative ease is of immense value to many. In Texas, the majority of economic activity takes place within what is colloquially known as the “Texas Triangle”, an area bounded by the large metropolitan areas of Houston, Dallas-Ft. Worth, and San Antonio. Intensive population growth in Texas, anchored by the triangle, has led to increasing road congestion on many routes, especially along Interstates 35 and 10. This congestion, and the wasted time and money that comes with it, are of increasing concern to the future economic vitality of the state. The Texas Triangle is also served by extensive aviation links via major airports in the major metropolitan areas, as well as smaller airports in other parts of the region. These flights, operated by American Airlines, Continental Airlines, and Southwest Airlines are frequent, but emit large amounts of greenhouse gases that contribute to ground level pollution and possibly climate change. High-speed rail has been considered by many to be a superior environmental option for intercity routes with lengths inherent to the Texas Triangle. However, given the fact that Texas is the top emitter of carbon dioxide in the U.S. and relies on an energy mix that is primarily fossil fuel powered; would a potential high-speed rail in Texas outperform the current air system environmentally, given similar passenger miles traveled? This report examines the environmental emissions of high-speed rail and compares it to the environmental emissions of our current aviation system, taking into account a life-cycle perspective.
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