Journal articles: 'AEROMET II'

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Sorriaux, Maxime, Mathias Sorieul, and Yi Chen. "Bio-Based and Robust Polydopamine Coated Nanocellulose/Amyloid Composite Aerogel for Fast and Wide-Spectrum Water Purification." Polymers 13, no. 19 (October 7, 2021): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193442.

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Water contamination resulting from human activities leads to the deterioration of aquatic ecosystems. This restrains the access to fresh water, which is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. In this work, we developed a bio-based and water-resistant composite aerogel from renewable nanofibrils for water remediation application. The composite aerogel consists of two types of cross-linked nanofibrils. Poly(dopamine)-coated cellulose nanofibrils and amyloid protein nanofibrils are forming a double networked crosslinked via periodate oxidation. The resulting aerogel exhibits good mechanical strength and high pollutants adsorption capability. Removal of dyes (rhodamine blue, acriflavine, crystal violet, malachite green, acid fuchsin and methyl orange), organic traces (atrazine, bisphenol A, and ibuprofen) and heavy metal ions (Pb(II) and Cu(II)) from water was successfully demonstrated with the composite aerogel. More specifically, the bio-based aerogel demonstrated good adsorption efficiencies for crystal violet (93.1% in 30 min), bisphenol A (91.7% in 5 min) and Pb(II) ions (94.7% in 5 min), respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption–desorption performance of aerogel for Pb(II) ions demonstrates that the aerogel has a high reusability as maintains satisfactory removal performances. The results suggest that this type of robust and bio-based composite aerogel is a promising adsorbent to decontaminate water from a wide range of pollutants in a sustainable and efficient way.

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Molina-Campos, Daniel F., Diana P. Vargas Delgadillo, Liliana Giraldo, and Juan C. Moreno-Piraján. "Removal of metal ions Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution using an organic aerogel and carbon aerogel obtained by acid catalysis." Materials Express 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2020.1623.

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In this work, we evaluated the adsorption capacity of the metal ions Cd(II), Cr(VI) and Ni(II) from aqueous solution of an organic aerogel, a carbon aerogel and a commercial activated carbon. Aerogel (Ae) was obtained by acid catalysis using HCl, achieving a quick synthesis, then, a process of carbonization to obtain the carbon aerogel (CAe) was performed. Structural, textural and chemical parameters of the porous solids obtained were characterized by different experimental techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), adsorption isotherms of N2 at 77 K and CO2 at 273 K, Boehm titrations and pHPZC determination. The three adsorbents were employed in simple adsorption systems of Ni(II), Cd(II) and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. It was determined that the synthesized aerogel is the material that performed the highest adsorption capacity of the three metal ions: Ni (32.2 mg g–1) Cd (18.6 mg g–1) and Cr (35.5 mg g–1).

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Davidson, Warren J., John Dennis, Stephanie The, Belinda Litoski, Cora Pieron, and Richard Leigh. "Identification and Validation of Nebulized Aerosol Devices for Sputum Induction." Canadian Respiratory Journal 21, no. 2 (2014): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/925305.

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BACKGROUND: Induced sputum cell counts are a noninvasive and reliable method for evaluating the presence, type and degree of airway inflammation in patients with asthma. Currently, standard nebulizer devices used for sputum induction in multiple patients are labelled as single-patient devices by the manufacturer, which conflicts with infection prevention and control requirements. As such, these devices cannot feasibly be used in a clinical sputum induction program. Therefore, there is a need to identify alternative nebulizer devices that are either disposable or labelled for multi-patient use.OBJECTIVE: To apply validated rigorous, scientific testing methods to identify and validate commercially available nebulizer devices appropriate for use in a clinical sputum induction program.METHODS: Measurement of nebulized aerosol output and size for the selected nebulizer designs followed robust International Organization for Standardization methods. Sputum induction using two of these nebulizers was successfully performed on 10 healthy adult subjects. The cytotechnologist performing sputum cell counts was blinded to the type of nebulizer used.RESULTS: The studied nebulizers had variable aerosol outputs. The AeroNeb Solo (Aerogen, Ireland), Omron NE-U17 (Omron, Japan) and EASYneb II (Flaem Nuova, Italy) systems were found to have similar measurements of aerosol size. There was no significant difference in induced sputum cell results between the AeroNeb Solo and EASYneb II devices.DISCUSSION: There is a need for rigorous, scientific evaluation of nebulizer devices for clinical applications, including sputum induction, for measurement of cell counts.CONCLUSION: The present study was the most comprehensive analysis of different nebulizer devices for sputum induction to measure cell counts, and provides a framework for appropriate evaluation of nebulizer devices for induced sputum testing.

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Zhao, Hang Yuan, Xiao Lei Li, Jian He, Zhi Peng Hu, and Hui Jun Yu. "Improvement of Thermal Stability of ZrO₂-SiO₂ Aerogel Modified by Ca(II) Cations." Solid State Phenomena 281 (August 2018): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.281.105.

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Ca (II) modified ZrO2-SiO2 aerogel (CaZSA) with excellent thermal stability at 1000 °C was prepared by aging the ZrO2-SiO2 wet gel in calcium nitrate (Ca (NO3)2) ethanol solution followed with alcohol supercritical fluid drying method. The reaction between surface hydroxyl groups on the aerogel and Ca (II) ions played an important role in reducing the high temperature activity and inhibiting the particle growth caused by the condensation of hydroxyl groups of aerogel. Moreover, tiny secondary-phase particles, Ca (II) ions, introduced along grain boundaries serve as the pinning particles to inhibit the crystallization of ZrO2-SiO2 aerogel (ZSA). Thus the high-temperature stability of ZSA was significantly improved by surface modification with Ca (II). The specific surface area of CaZSA still maintained 223 m2·g-1 after 1000 °C calcination, which was 52.7% higher than that of ZSA at the same treatment condition.

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Meng, Wanyao, Sijie Wang, Haifeng Lv, Zhenxing Wang, Xuewen Han, Zijing Zhou, and Junwen Pu. "Porous cellulose nanofiber (CNF)-based aerogel with the loading of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) for Cu(II) removal from wastewater." BioResources 17, no. 2 (March 21, 2022): 2615–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.2.2615-2631.

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A novel biobased porous aerogel was synthesized using physical mixing, freeze-drying, and in-situ growth methods. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 (ZIF-8) were grafted onto the surface of the CS/CNF solid composite to form a ZIF-8@CS/CNF aerogel. The structural characteristics and the adsorption potential of the ZIF-8@CS/CNF aerogel were investigated. It was found that the specific surface area of the ZIF-8@CS/CNF aerogel was 206 m2/g, and the water stability of the CNF aerogel was enhanced by incorporating the CS. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm and kinetics of the composite aerogel fit the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.96) and the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.97) with the copper(II) oxide (Cu(II)) theoretical adsorption capacity of 245 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, this aerogel, which combined metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and CNF, was easy to fabricate and it was biodegradable. These characteristics suggest it has a broad potential for wastewater treatment.

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Lai, Bin, Anh Nguyen, and Jens Krömer. "Characterizing the Anoxic Phenotype of Pseudomonas putida Using a Bioelectrochemical System." Methods and Protocols 2, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mps2020026.

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Industrial fermentation in aerobic processes is plagued by high costs due to gas transfer limitations and substrate oxidation to CO2. It has been a longstanding challenge to engineer an obligate aerobe organism, such as Pseudomonas putida, into an anaerobe to facilitate its industrial application. However, the progress in this field is limited, due to the poor understanding of the constraints restricting its anoxic phenotype. In this paper, we provide a methodological description of a novel cultivation technology for P. putida under anaerobic conditions, using the so-called microbial electrochemical technology within a bioelectrochemical system. By using an electrode as the terminal electron acceptor (mediated via redox chemicals), glucose catabolism could be activated without oxygen present. This (i) provides an anoxic-producing platform for sugar acid production at high yield and (ii) more importantly, enables systematic and quantitative characterizations of the phenotype of P. putida in the absence of molecular oxygen. This unique electrode-based cultivation approach offers a tool to understand and in turn engineer the anoxic phenotype of P. putida and possibly also other obligate aerobes.

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Burmistrov, L., I. Adachi, F. Le Diberder, R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, T. Iijima, S. Kakimoto, et al. "Belle II aerogel RICH detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 958 (April 2020): 162232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.073.

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Meng, Junwang, Hao Guan, Xinjian Dai, and Xiaoqing Wang. "Amino-Functionalized Wood Aerogel for Efficient Removal of Copper Ions from Water." International Journal of Polymer Science 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4913226.

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Developing bio-based adsorbents for efficient removal of heavy metal ions from water has attracted increasing attention due to their abundance, low cost, and sustainability. However, most of these adsorbents are in powdered or granular forms, suffering from difficult regeneration and poor recyclability. Here, we report a highly porous three-dimensional amino-functionalized wood aerogel for efficient heavy metal adsorption. The amino-functionalized wood aerogel was prepared from natural balsa wood via a delignification treatment, followed by TEMPO-mediated oxidation of the delignified wood and then grafting polyethylenimine (PEI) onto the oxidized cellulose skeleton. The obtained amino-functionalized wood aerogel possessed a unique porous lamellar structure with a low bulk density of 77.2 mg/cm3 and high porosity of 94.9%. Benefiting from its high porosity and the introduced amino groups on the cellulose skeleton, the amino-functionalized wood aerogel exhibited a maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity of 59.8 mg·g−1, which was significantly higher than those of the TEMPO-oxidized wood aerogel and natural balsa wood. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm models, indicating that the Cu(II) adsorption by the PEI@wood aerogel was dominated by a monolayer chemisorption process. The developed amino-functionalized wood aerogel provides new insights for the design of efficient and low-cost monolithic absorbents for heavy metal remediation.

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Costa, Maria João, Vincenzo Levizzani, and Ana Maria Silva. "Aerosol Characterization and Direct Radiative Forcing Assessment over the Ocean. Part II: Application to Test Cases and Validation." Journal of Applied Meteorology 43, no. 12 (December 1, 2004): 1818–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2157.1.

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Abstract A method based on the synergistic use of low earth orbit and geostationary earth orbit satellite data for aerosol-type characterization and aerosol optical thickness (AOT: τa) retrieval and monitoring over the ocean is presented in Part I of this paper. The method is now applied to a strong dust outbreak over the Atlantic Ocean in June 1997 and to two other relevant transport events of biomass burning and desert dust aerosol that occurred in 2000 over the Atlantic and Indian Oceans, respectively. The retrievals of the aerosol optical properties are checked against retrievals from sun and sky radiance measurements from the ground-based Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The single-scattering albedo values obtained from AERONET are always within the error bars presented for Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) retrievals, resulting in differences lower than 0.041. The retrieved AOT values are compared with the independent space–time-collocated measurements from the AERONET, as well as to the satellite aerosol official products of the Polarization and Directionality of the Earth Reflectances (POLDER) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). A first estimate of the AOT accuracy derived from comparisons with AERONET data leads to ±0.02 ± 0.22τa when all AOT values are retained or to ±0.02 ± 0.16τa for aerosol transport events (AOT > 0.4). The upwelling flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) was computed with radiative transfer calculations and used to estimate the TOA direct shortwave aerosol radiative forcing; a comparison with space–time-collocated measurements from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) TOA flux product was also done. It was found that more than 90% of the values differ from CERES fluxes by less than ±15%.

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Kuznetsova, Tatiana S., Alexander E. Burakov, Irina V. Burakova, Tatiana V. Pasko, Tatiana P. Dyachkova, Elina S. Mkrtchyan, Anastasia E. Memetova, Oksana A. Ananyeva, Gulnara N. Shigabaeva, and Evgeny V. Galunin. "Preparation of a Polyaniline-Modified Hybrid Graphene Aerogel-Like Nanocomposite for Efficient Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions from Aquatic Media." Polymers 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051101.

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This paper considers the synthesis of a novel nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide and oxidized carbon nanotubes modified with polyaniline and phenol-formaldehyde resin and developed through the carbonization of a pristine aerogel. It was tested as an efficient adsorbent to purify aquatic media from toxic Pb(II). Diagnostic assessment of the samples was carried out through X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and infrared spectroscopy. The carbonized aerogel was found to preserve the carbon framework structure. The sample porosity was estimated through nitrogen adsorption at 77 K. It was found that the carbonized aerogel predominantly represented a mesoporous material having a specific surface area of 315 m2/g. After carbonization, an increase in smaller micropores occurred. According to the electron images, the highly porous structure of the carbonized composite was preserved. The adsorption capacity of the carbonized material was studied for liquid-phase Pb(II) extraction in static mode. The experiment results showed that the maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity of the carbonized aerogel was 185 mg/g (at pH 6.0). The results of the desorption studies showed a very low desorption rate (0.3%) at pH 6.5 and a rate of about 40% in a strongly acidic medium.

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Faghihian, Hossein, Heshmatollah Nourmoradi, and Maryam Shokouhi. "Performance of silica aerogels modified with amino functional groups in PB(II) and CD(II) removal from aqueous solutions." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-012-0059-4.

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Performance of silica aerogels modified with amino functional groups in PB(II) and CD(II) removal from aqueous solutions The adsorption behavior of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions in aqueous solutions on silica aerogels modified with amino propyl triethoxysilane was investigated as a function of pH, contact time, adsorbate concentration and adsorbent dose. It was found that maximum adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions occurs at pH 6.0 and pH 8.0, respectively. The optimum contact time to obtain equilibrium adsorption with the modified silica aerogel was experimentally found to be around 48h. Adsorption isotherms clearly indicated that the adsorption behavior of metals ions on the modified silica aerogels is fitted well with both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The maximum adsorption capacities of Pb(II) and Cd(II) on modified silica aerogel were found to be 45.45mg/g and 35.71mg/g, respectively. The results indicated that silica aerogels modified with amino functional groups can be used as an efficient adsorbent in the removal of metal ions such as Pb(II) and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions.

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Zhang, Lei, Yang Liao, Yi‐Cheng Wang, Steven Zhang, Weiqing Yang, Xuejun Pan, and Zhong Lin Wang. "Cellulose II Aerogel‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator." Advanced Functional Materials 30, no. 28 (May 27, 2020): 2001763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202001763.

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Ren, Lili, Zhihui Yang, Lei Huang, Yingjie He, Haiying Wang, and Liyuan Zhang. "Macroscopic Poly Schiff Base-Coated Bacteria Cellulose with High Adsorption Performance." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030714.

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Here, a nanofiber-exfoliated bacteria cellulose aerogel with improved water affinity and high mass transfer was synthesized. Consequently, poly Schiff base can be uniformly coated within the body of bacteria cellulose aerogel without the traditional dispersion treatment. The composite aerogel has adequate mechanical and thermal stability and high mass transfer efficiency. Such an aerogel can serve as a superior adsorbent for flow through adsorption of pollution. Typically, the adsorption capacity towards Cr(VI), Cu(II), Re(VII), Conga red, and Orange G reaches as high as 321.5, 256.4, 153.8, 333.3, and 370.3 mg g−1, respectively. Moreover, the adsorption by this composite aerogel is very fast, such that, for example, at just 2 s, the adsorption is almost finished with Cr(VI) adsorption. Moreover, the composite aerogel exhibits a good adsorption-desorption capability. This research will hopefully shed light on the preparation of bacteria cellulose-derived macroscopic materials powerful in not only environmental areas, but also other related applications.

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Kottsov, Sergey Yu, Maxim A. Shmelev, Alexander E. Baranchikov, Mikhail A. Kiskin, Alim U. Sharipov, Nikolay N. Efimov, Irina K. Rubtsova, et al. "Aerogel-Based Single-Ion Magnets: A Case Study of a Cobalt(II) Complex Immobilized in Silica." Molecules 28, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010418.

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The chemical immobilization of cobalt(II) ions in a silica aerogel matrix enabled the synthesis of the first representative example of aerogel-based single-ion magnets. For the synthesis of the lyogels, methyl-trimethoxysilane and N-3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl ethylenediamine were co-hydrolyzed, then the ethylenediamine groups that were immobilized on the silica matrix enabled the subsequent binding of cobalt(II) ions. Lyogels with various amounts of ethylenediamine moieties (0.1–15 mol %) were soaked in isopropanol solutions of cobalt(II) nitrate and further supercritically dried in carbon dioxide to obtain aerogels with a specific surface area of 210–596 m2·g−1, an apparent density of 0.403–0.740 cm3·g−1 and a porosity of 60–78%. The actual cobalt content in the aerogels was 0.01–1.50 mmol per 1 g of SiO2, which could easily be tuned by the concentration of ethylenediamine moieties in the silica matrix. The introduction of cobalt(II) ions into the ethylenediamine-modified silica aerogel promoted the stability of the diamine moieties at the supercritical drying stage. The molecular prototype of the immobilized cobalt(II) complex, bearing one ethylenediamine ligand [Co(en)(MeCN)(NO3)2], was synthesized and structurally characterized. Using magnetometry in the DC mode, it was shown that cobalt(II)-modified silica aerogels exhibited slow magnetic relaxation in a nonzero field. A decrease in cobalt(II) concentration in aerogels from 1.5 mmol to 0.14 mmol per 1 g of SiO2 resulted in a weakening of inter-ion interactions; the magnetization reversal energy barrier likewise increased from 4 to 18 K.

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Hartbrich, Oskar. "Particle identification in the Belle II experiment." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 13n14 (May 20, 2019): 1940017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19400177.

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The Belle II experiment integrates two dedicated particle identification (PID) subdetectors for pion/kaon separation. The Aerogel Ring Image Cherenkov (ARICH) detector is a forward region PID detector based on two layers of aerogel read out by hybrid avalanche photo detectors. The Time of Propagation (TOP) detector is a novel Cherenkov barrel PID system built for the Belle II detector upgrade based on quartz radiator bars read out by Micro-Channel Plate PMTs. The readout electronics of the TOP system are built around a switched capacitor array waveform sampling ASIC operating at 2.7 GSa/s. Acquired waveforms are processed in real time in the front-end electronics, extracting the individual timing of detected photons to better than 100 ps. This contribution presents the concept of the Belle II particle identification systems with a focus on the current status of commissioning, calibration and operation of the Belle II TOP detector.

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Nowak, Bartosz, Mateusz Kawka, Kamil Wierzchowski, Katarzyna Sykłowska-Baranek, and Maciej Pilarek. "MTMS-Based Aerogel Constructs for Immobilization of Plant Hairy Roots: Effects on Proliferation of Rindera graeca Biomass and Extracellular Secretion of Naphthoquinones." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 12, no. 1 (March 5, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb12010019.

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Unique biosynthetic abilities revealed by plants determine in vitro cultures of hairy roots as a suitable source of pharmaceutically relevant bioactive compounds. The basic aim of the study was to examine the applicability of aerogel composed of methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) for immobilization of Rindera graeca hairy roots by identifying quantitative effects of biomass proliferation and naphthoquinones extracellular secretion in the aerogel-supported culture system. R. graeca hairy roots were simultaneously cultured for 28-days, as (i) nonimmobilized biomass (reference system), (ii) biomass immobilized on macroporous polyurethane foam (PUF), (iii) biomass with disintegrated MTMS aerogel, (iv) biomass immobilized on polypropylene (PP) fibers (as control), and (v) biomass immobilized on monolithic PP-reinforced MTMS aerogel. MTMS aerogel exhibited high level of biocompatibility toward R. graeca hairy roots which grew into the structure of monolithic aerogel-based constructs. Monolithic MTMS-based constructs significantly promoted the proliferation of hairy roots, resulting in 55% higher fresh mass than the reference system. The highest level of naphthoquinones productivity, i.e., 653 µg gDW−1, was noted for PUF-supported culture system.

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Begum, Noorzahan, Md Fazlul Bari, Salmie Suhana Binti Che Abdullah, R. A. Khairel, and N. Ahmed. "Preparation and Characterization of Silica Aerogel Immobilized with Cyanex 301 for Extraction of Zn(II)." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.108.

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A new solid phase extractant silica aerogel immobilized with Cyanex 301 {bis (2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) dithiophosphinic acid} (SAWC) was prepared via a sol-gel method and investigated for the extraction of Zn (II) from aqueous solution by a batch extraction technique. It is found that SAWC can extract about 100% zinc at equilibrium pH 1.7. Prepared SAWC was characterized by FT-IR, BET, EDX and SEM which proved the presence of Cyanex 301 into silica aerogel. Moreover, the material is also easily regenerated and reused in the subsequent removal of Zn (II) in five cycles. Therefore, it could be concluded that it may perform as a solid phase extractant in the extraction of metal ions from the aqueous solution.

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Cuevas, E., C. Camino, A. Benedetti, S. Basart, E. Terradellas, J. M. Baldasano, J. J. Morcrette, et al. "The MACC-II 2007–2008 reanalysis: atmospheric dust evaluation and characterization over Northern Africa and Middle East." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 20 (November 11, 2014): 27797–879. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-27797-2014.

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Abstract. In the present work, atmospheric mineral dust from a MACC-II short reanalysis run for two years (2007–2008), has been evaluated over Northern Africa and Middle East using satellite aerosol products (from MISR, MODIS and OMI satellite sensors), ground-based AERONET data, in-situ PM10 concentrations from AMMA, and extinction vertical profiles from two ground-based lidars and CALIOP. The MACC-II aerosol optical depth (AOD) spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability shows good agreement with those provided by satellite sensors. The capability of the model to reproduce AOD, Ångström exponent (AE) and dust optical depth (DOD) from daily to seasonal time-scale is quantified over twenty-six AERONET stations located in eight geographically distinct regions by using statistical parameters. Overall DOD seasonal variation is fairly well simulated by MACC-II in all regions, although the correlation is significantly higher in dust transport regions than in dust source regions. The ability of MACC-II in reproducing dust vertical profiles has been assessed by comparing seasonal averaged extinction vertical profiles simulated by MACC-II under dust conditions with corresponding extinction profiles obtained with lidar instruments at M'Bour and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and with CALIOP. We find a good agreement in dust layers structures and averaged extinction vertical profiles between MACC-II, the lidars and CALIOP above the marine boundary layer from 1 to 6 km. Surface dust daily mean concentrations from MACC-II reanalysis has been evaluated with daily averaged PM10 at three monitoring stations of the Sahelian Dust Transect. MACC-II correctly reproduces daily to interannual surface dust concentration variability, although it underestimates daily and monthly means all year long, especially in winter and early spring (dry season). MACC-II reproduces well the dust variability recorded along the station-transect which reflects the variability in dust emission by different Saharan sources, but fails in reproducing the sporadic and very strong dust events associated to mesoscale convective systems during the wet season.

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Cuevas, E., C. Camino, A. Benedetti, S. Basart, E. Terradellas, J. M. Baldasano, J. J. Morcrette, et al. "The MACC-II 2007–2008 reanalysis: atmospheric dust evaluation and characterization over northern Africa and the Middle East." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 8 (April 16, 2015): 3991–4024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-3991-2015.

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Abstract. In the present work, atmospheric mineral dust from a MACC-II short reanalysis run for 2 years (2007–2008) has been evaluated over northern Africa and the Middle East using satellite aerosol products (from MISR, MODIS and OMI satellite sensors), ground-based AERONET data, in situ PM10 concentrations from AMMA, and extinction vertical profiles from two ground-based lidars and CALIOP satellite-based lidar. The MACC-II aerosol optical depth (AOD) spatial and temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability shows good agreement with those provided by satellite sensors. The capability of the model to reproduce the AOD, Ångström exponent (AE) and dust optical depth (DOD) from daily to seasonal time-scale is quantified over 26 AERONET stations located in eight geographically distinct regions by using statistical parameters. Overall DOD seasonal variation is fairly well simulated by MACC-II in all regions, although the correlation is significantly higher in dust transport regions than in dust source regions. The ability of MACC-II in reproducing dust vertical profiles has been assessed by comparing seasonal averaged extinction vertical profiles simulated by MACC-II under dust conditions with corresponding extinction profiles obtained with lidar instruments at M'Bour and Santa Cruz de Tenerife, and with CALIOP. We find a good agreement in dust layers structures and averaged extinction vertical profiles between MACC-II, the lidars and CALIOP above the marine boundary layer from 1 to 6 km. Surface dust daily mean concentrations from MACC-II reanalysis has been evaluated with daily averaged PM10 at three monitoring stations of the Sahelian Dust Transect. MACC-II correctly reproduces daily to interannual surface dust concentration variability, although it underestimates daily and monthly means all year long, especially in winter and early spring (dry season). MACC-II reproduces well the dust variability recorded along the station transect which reflects the variability in dust emission by different Saharan sources, but fails in reproducing the sporadic and very strong dust events associated to mesoscale convective systems during the wet season.

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Borrás, Alejandro, Bruno Henriques, Gil Gonçalves, Julio Fraile, Eduarda Pereira, Ana M. López-Periago, and Concepción Domingo. "Graphene Oxide/Polyethylenimine Aerogels for the Removal of Hg(II) from Water." Gels 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8070452.

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This article reports the synthesis of an aerogel involving reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polyethylenimine (PEI), and describes its potential application as an effective sorbent to treat Hg(II) contaminated water. The rGO/PEI sorbent was synthetized using a supercritical CO2 method. N2 physisorption, electron microscopy, and elemental mapping were applied to visualize the meso/macroporous morphology formed by the supercritical drying. The advantages of the synthetized materials are highlighted with respect to the larger exposed GO surface for the PEI grafting of aerogels vs. cryogels, homogeneous distribution of the nitrogenated amino groups in the former and, finally, high Hg(II) sorption capacities. Sorption tests were performed starting from water solutions involving traces of Hg(II). Even though, the designed sorbent was able to eliminate almost all of the metal from the water phase, attaining in very short periods of time residual Hg(II) values as low as 3.5 µg L−1, which is close to the legal limits of drinking water of 1–2 µg L−1. rGO/PEI exhibited a remarkably high value for the maximum sorption capacity of Hg(II), in the order of 219 mg g−1. All of these factors indicate that the designed rGO/PEI aerogel can be considered as a promising candidate to treat Hg(II) contaminated wastewater.

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Wolters, Erwin, Carolien Toté, Sindy Sterckx, Stefan Adriaensen, Claire Henocq, Jérôme Bruniquel, Silvia Scifoni, and Steffen Dransfeld. "iCOR Atmospheric Correction on Sentinel-3/OLCI over Land: Intercomparison with AERONET, RadCalNet, and SYN Level-2." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2021): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040654.

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To validate the iCOR atmospheric correction algorithm applied to the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI), Top-of-Atmosphere (TOA) observations over land, globally retrieved Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), Top-of-Canopy (TOC) reflectance, and Vegetation Indices (VIs) were intercompared with (i) AERONET AOT and AERONET-based TOC reflectance simulations, (ii) RadCalNet surface reflectance observations, and (iii) SYN Level 2 (L2) AOT, TOC reflectance, and VIs. The results reveal that, overall, iCOR’s statistical and temporal consistency is high. iCOR AOT retrievals overestimate relative to AERONET, but less than SYN L2. iCOR and SYN L2 TOC reflectances exhibit a negative bias of ~−0.01 and −0.02, respectively, in the Blue bands compared to the simulations. This diminishes for RED and NIR, except for a +0.02 bias for SYN L2 in the NIR. The intercomparison with RadCalNet shows relative differences < ±6%, except for bands Oa02 (Blue) and Oa21 (NIR), which is likely related to the reported OLCI “excess of brightness”. The intercomparison between iCOR and SYN L2 showed R2 = 0.80–0.93 and R2 = 0.92–0.96 for TOC reflectance and VIs, respectively. iCOR’s higher temporal smoothness compared to SYN L2 does not propagate into a significantly higher smoothness for TOC reflectance and VIs. Altogether, we conclude that iCOR is well suitable to retrieve statistically and temporally consistent AOT, TOC reflectance, and VIs over land surfaces from Sentinel-3/OLCI observations.

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Lun, Zhiyi, Lunlun Gong, Zhongxin Zhang, Yurui Deng, Yong Zhou, Yuelei Pan, and Xudong Cheng. "Improvement of the Thermal Insulation Performance of Silica Aerogel by Proper Heat Treatment: Microporous Structures Changes and Pyrolysis Mechanism." Gels 8, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8030141.

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A simple heat treatment method was used to optimize the three-dimensional network structure of the hydrophobic aerogel, and during the heat treatment process at 200–1000 °C, the thermal conductivity of the aerogel reached the lowest to 0.02240 W/m·K between 250 °C and 300 °C, which was mainly due to the optimization of microstructure and pyrolysis of surface groups. Further Fluent heat-transfer simulation also confirmed the above results. Synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS) was used to finely measure the pyrolysis process of aerogels, and the pyrolysis process of aerogel was divided into four stages. (I) Until 419 °C, as the temperature continued to rise, surface methyl groups were oxidized to form hydroxyl. (II) As the temperature reached to 232 °C, the oxidation proceeded. In addition, inside the aerogel, because of lacking oxygen, the reaction produced CH4 and C–Si bonds would form. (III) After 283 °C, Si–OH groups began to condense to form Si–O–Si, which optimized the three-dimensional network structures to be beneficial to improve the thermal insulation performance of silica aerogel. (IV) When it reached 547 °C, the chemical reaction was terminated, and all the primary particles gradually fused into secondary particles and sintered to form clusters.

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Rennhofer, Harald, Sven F. Plappert, Helga C. Lichtenegger, Sigrid Bernstorff, Michael Fitzka, Jean-Marie Nedelec, and Falk W. Liebner. "Insight into the nanostructure of anisotropic cellulose aerogels upon compression." Soft Matter 15, no. 41 (2019): 8372–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01422e.

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In this article we report on the nanostructural changes of a cellulose II aerogel network during compressive strain of up to 80%, which are investigated by in situ small angle X-ray scattering and linked to the corresponding stress–strain curves.

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Mrvar, M., I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Le Diberder, R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, S. Kakmimoto, et al. "First experience with Belle II Aerogel RICH detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 936 (August 2019): 552–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.10.197.

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Allkofer, Y., C. Amsler, S. Horikawa, I. Johnson, C. Regenfus, and J. Rochet. "A novel aerogel Cherenkov detector for DIRAC-II." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 582, no. 2 (November 2007): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2007.09.007.

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Allkofer, Y., C. Amsler, S. Horikawa, C. Regenfus, and J. Rochet. "A new aerogel Cherenkov detector for DIRAC-II." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 595, no. 1 (September 2008): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2008.07.046.

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Pestotnik, R., I. Adachi, K. Hara, M. Higuchi, T. Iijima, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, et al. "Aerogel RICH for forward PID at Belle II." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 732 (December 2013): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2013.06.080.

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Nishida, S., I. Adachi, N. Hamada, K. Hara, T. Iijima, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, et al. "Aerogel RICH for the Belle II forward PID." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 766 (December 2014): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.06.061.

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Dolesi, R., F. Rossi, R. Torii, and S. Vitale. "Effect of gravity on helium II in aerogel." Advances in Space Research 25, no. 6 (January 2000): 1215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00990-4.

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Zhong, Yuan, Yuhong An, Kebing Wang, Wanqi Zhang, Zichu Hu, Zhangjing Chen, Sunguo Wang, et al. "Evaluation of Aerogel Spheres Derived from Salix psammophila in Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Solution." Forests 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13010061.

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Heavy metal wastewater treatment is a huge problem facing human beings, and the application degree of Salix psammophila resources produced by flat stubble is low. Therefore, it is very important to develop high-value products of Salix psammophila resources and apply them in the removal heavy metal from effluent. In this work, we extracted the cellulose from Salix psammophila, and cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were prepared through TEMPO oxidation/ultrasound. The aerogel spheres derived from Salix psammophila (ASSP) were prepared with the hanging drop method. The experimental results showed that the Cu(II) adsorption capacity of the ASSP composite (267.64 mg/g) doped with TOCNF was significantly higher than that of pure cellulose aerogel spheres (52.75 mg/g). The presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in ASSP enhanced the adsorption capacity of heavy metals. ASSP is an excellent heavy metal adsorbent, and its maximum adsorption values for Cu(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) were found to be 272.69, 253.25, and 143.00 mg/g, respectively. The abandoned sand shrub resource of SP was used to adsorb heavy metals from effluent, which provides an important reference value for the development of forestry in this sandy area and will have a great application potential in the fields of the adsorption of heavy metals in soil and antibiotics in water.

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Chen, Yifan, Qian Li, Yujie Li, Qijun Zhang, Jingda Huang, Qiang Wu, and Siqun Wang. "Fabrication of Cellulose Nanocrystal-g-Poly(Acrylic Acid-Co-Acrylamide) Aerogels for Efficient Pb(II) Removal." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020333.

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In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained by the acid hydrolysis of waste bamboo powder were used to synthesize cellulose nanocrystal-g-poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide) (CNC-g-P(AA/AM)) aerogels via graft copolymerization followed by freeze-drying. The structure and morphology of the resulting aerogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the CNC-g-P(AA/AM) aerogels exhibited excellent absorbent properties and adsorption capacities. Subsequent Pb(II) adsorption studies showed that the kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order equation, while the adsorption isotherms were best described using the Langmuir model. The maximum Pb(II) adsorption capacity calculated by the Langmuir model reached up to 366.3 mg/g, which is a capacity that outperformed that of the pure CNC aerogel. The CNC-g-P (AA/AM) aerogels become structurally stable through chemical cross-linking, which enabled them to be easily regenerated in HCl solution and retain the adsorption capacity after repeated use. The aerogels were found to maintain 81.3% removal efficiency after five consecutive adsorption–desorption cycles. Therefore, this study demonstrated an effective method for the fabrication of an aerogel adsorbent with an excellent reusability in the effective removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solutions.

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Pestotnik, R., I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Le Diberder, R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, S. Kakmimoto, et al. "Calibration of the Belle II aerogel ring imaging detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 952 (February 2020): 161800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.01.027.

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Nishida, Shohei. "Operation and Performance of Belle II Aerogel RICH Counter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2374, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2374/1/012001.

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The Belle II experiment at the SuperKEKB aims at collecting 50 times more data than its predecessor Belle. One of the key components in the experiment is the particle identification (PID), especially the separation of kaons and pions. In the Belle II spectrometer, a proximity focusing ring imaging Cherenkov detector using aerogel as a radiator (ARICH) is equipped for the PID at the forward endcap. In this counter, a total of 420 of hybrid avalanche photo-detectors (HAPDs) with 144 channels are used as position-sensitive photon detectors that work inside a 1.5 T magnetic field. Belle II started the physics run with full detectors from 2019. We report on the operation of ARICH, including the fraction of dead channels, stability of HAPDs, and encountered problems. We also report the PID performance of ARICH estimated with using D * + → D 0 π slow + , D 0 → K − π + control sample with the initial data.

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Mallet, M., O. Dubovik, P. Nabat, F. Dulac, R. Kahn, J. Sciare, D. Paronis, and J. F. Léon. "Absorption properties of Mediterranean aerosols obtained from multi-year ground-based and satellite remote sensing observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 4 (April 8, 2013): 9267–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-9267-2013.

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Abstract. Aerosol absorption properties are of high importance to assess aerosol impact on regional climate. This study presents an analysis of aerosol absorption products obtained over the Mediterranean Basin or land stations in the region from multi-year ground-based AERONET and satellite observations with a focus on the Absorbing Aerosol Optical Depth (AAOD), Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) and their spectral dependence. The AAOD and Absorption Angström Exponent (AAE) data set is composed of daily averaged AERONET level 2 data from a~total of 22 Mediterranean stations having long time series, mainly under the influence of urban-industrial aerosols and/or soil dust. This data set covers the 17 yr period 1996–2012 with most data being from 2003–2011 (~89% of level-2 AAOD data). Since AERONET level-2 absorption products require a high aerosol load (AOD at 440 nm > 0.4), which is most often related to the presence of desert dust, we also consider level-1.5 SSA data, despite their higher uncertainty, and filter out data with an Angström exponent <1.0 in order to study absorption by carbonaceous aerosols. The SSA data set includes both AERONET level-2 and satellite level-3 products. Satellite-derived SSA data considered are monthly level 3 products mapped at the regional scale for the spring and summer seasons that exhibit the largest aerosol loads. The satellite SSA dataset includes the following products: (i) Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) over 2000–2011, (ii) Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) near-UV algorithm over 2004–2010, and (iii) MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep-Blue algorithm over 2005–2011, derived only over land in dusty conditions. Sun-photometer observations show that values of AAOD at 440 nm vary between 0.024 ± 0.01 (resp. 0.040 ± 0.01) and 0.050 ± 0.01 (0.055 ± 0.01) for urban (dusty) sites. Analysis shows that the Mediterranean urban-industrial aerosols appear "moderately" absorbing with values of SSA close to ~0.94–0.95 ± 0.04 (at 440 nm) in most cases except over the large cities of Rome and Athens, where aerosol appears more absorbing (SSA ~0.89–0.90 ± 0.04). The aerosol Absorption Angström Exponent (AAE, estimated using 440 and 870 nm) is found to be larger than 1 for most sites over the Mediterranean, a manifestation of mineral dust (iron) and/or brown carbon producing the observed absorption. AERONET level-2 sun-photometer data indicate the existence of a moderate East–West gradient, with higher values over the eastern basin (AAEEast. = 1.39/AAEWest. = 1.33) due to the influence of desert dust. The North–South AAE gradient is more pronounced, especially over the western basin. Our additional analysis of AERONET level-1.5 data also shows that organic absorbing aerosols significantly affect some Mediterranean sites. These results indicate that current climate models treating organics as nonabsorbing over the Mediterranean certainly underestimate the warming effect due to carbonaceous aerosols. A~comparative analysis of the regional SSA variability has been attempted using satellite data. OMI and MODIS data show an absorbing zone (SSA ~0.90 at 470–500 nm) over Northeastern Africa that does not appear in the MISR retrievals. In contrast, MISR seems able to observe the East–West SSA gradient during summer, as also detected by AERONET. Also, the analysis of SSA provided by satellites indicates that the aerosol over the Mediterranean Sea appears less absorbing during spring (MAM) than summer (JJA).

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Illera, Danny, Jaime Mesa, Humberto Gomez, and Heriberto Maury. "Cellulose Aerogels for Thermal Insulation in Buildings: Trends and Challenges." Coatings 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2018): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100345.

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Cellulose-based aerogels hold the potential to become a cost-effective bio-based solution for thermal insulation in buildings. Low thermal conductivities (<0.025 W·m−1·K−1) are achieved through a decrease in gaseous phase contribution, exploiting the Knudsen effect. However, several challenges need to be overcome: production energy demand and cost, moisture sensitivity, flammability, and thermal stability. Herein, a description and discussion of current trends and challenges in cellulose aerogel research for thermal insulation are presented, gathered from studies reported within the last five years. The text is divided into three main sections: (i) an overview of thermal performance of cellulose aerogels, (ii) an identification of challenges and possible solutions for cellulose aerogel thermal insulation, and (iii) a brief description of cellulose/silica aerogels.

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Carnahan, A. M., S. Behram, and S. W. Joseph. "Aerokey II: a flexible key for identifying clinical Aeromonas species." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 29, no. 12 (1991): 2843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.12.2843-2849.1991.

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Tamechika, S., I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Le Diberder, K. Hataya, S. Kakimoto, H. Kakuno, et al. "Development of alignment algorithm for Belle II Aerogel RICH counter." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 952 (February 2020): 162337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.162337.

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Šantelj, L., I. Adachi, R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, S. Iori, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, et al. "Recent developments in software for the Belle II aerogel RICH." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 876 (December 2017): 104–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.017.

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Woignier, Thierry, George W. Scherer, and Adil Alaoui. "Stress in aerogel during depressurization of autoclave: II. Silica gels." Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 3, no. 2 (1994): 141–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00486720.

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Luo, Qi, Xin Huang, Fei Gao, Dong Li, and Min Wu. "Preparation and Characterization of High Amylose Corn Starch–Microcrystalline Cellulose Aerogel with High Absorption." Materials 12, no. 9 (May 1, 2019): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091420.

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Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) aerogels were synthesized, blendingwith high amylose corn starch of different contents based on a NaOH–urea solution, and following by vacuum freeze-drying technology. The microstructure of the aerogel was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as an interconnected, porous three-dimensional structure, while X-ray diffractogram (XRD) measurements showed that the crystalline form was converted from cellulose I to cellulose II during dissolution and regeneration. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the content of starch had little effect on the thermal stability of the aerogel, whereas the content of starch had great influences on absorption and viscoelastic properties. When the ratio of starch was 10% and 15%, the prepared aerogels presented a low density and abundant pores, which endowed the aerogels, not only with the highest absorption ratio of pump oil and linseed oil (10.63 and 11.44 g/g, respectively), but also with better dynamic viscoelastic properties.

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Pestotnik, R., I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Le Diberder, R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, S. Kakimoto, et al. "Front-end electronics of the Belle II aerogel ring imaging detector." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 952 (February 2020): 161711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.12.026.

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Korpar, S., I. Adachi, N. Hamada, M. Higuchi, T. Iijima, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, et al. "A 144-channel HAPD for the Aerogel RICH at Belle II." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 766 (December 2014): 145–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2014.05.060.

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Adachi, I., R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, S. Iori, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, R. Kataura, et al. "Construction of silica aerogel radiator system for Belle II RICH Counter." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 876 (December 2017): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.036.

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Pestotnik, R., I. Adachi, R. Dolenec, K. Hataya, S. Iori, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, et al. "The aerogel Ring Imaging Cherenkov system at the Belle II spectrometer." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 876 (December 2017): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.04.043.

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Gao, Chunjuan, Zeliang Dong, Xiaocui Hao, Ying Yao, and Shuyuan Guo. "Preparation of Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel and Its Adsorption for Pb(II)." ACS Omega 5, no. 17 (April 24, 2020): 9903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c00183.

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Kindo, H., I. Adachi, L. Burmistrov, F. Le Diberder, K. Hataya, S. Kakimimoto, H. Kakuno, et al. "Initial performance of the Aerogel RICH detector of the Belle II experiment." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 952 (February 2020): 162252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2019.05.093.

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Yusa, Y., I. Adachi, R. Dolenec, K. Hayata, S. Iori, S. Iwata, H. Kakuno, et al. "Test of the HAPD light sensor for the Belle II Aerogel RICH." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 876 (December 2017): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2017.02.046.

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Ebisike, Kelechi, Afamefuna Elvis Okoronkwo, and Kenneth Kanayo Alaneme. "Adsorption of Cd (II) on chitosan–silica hybrid aerogel from aqueous solution." Environmental Technology & Innovation 14 (May 2019): 100337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2019.100337.

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Li, Ying, Yong Xue, Jie Guang, Lu She, Cheng Fan, and Guili Chen. "Ground-Level PM2.5 Concentration Estimation from Satellite Data in the Beijing Area Using a Specific Particle Swarm Extinction Mass Conversion Algorithm." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 1906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10121906.

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Particulate matter (PM) has a substantial influence on the environment, climate change and public health. Due to the limited spatial coverage of a ground-level PM2.5 monitoring system, the ground-based PM2.5 concentration measurement is insufficient in many circumstances. In this paper, a Specific Particle Swarm Extinction Mass Conversion Algorithm (SPSEMCA) using remotely sensed data is introduced. Ground-level observed PM2.5, planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) and relative humidity (RH) reanalyzed by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and aerosol optical depth (AOD), fine-mode fraction (FMF), particle size distribution, and refractive indices from AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) of the Beijing area in 2015 were used to establish this algorithm, and the same datasets for 2016 were used to test the performance of the SPSEMCA. The SPSEMCA involves four steps to obtain PM2.5 values from AOD datasets, and every step has certain advantages: (I) In the particle correction, we use η2.5 (the extinction fraction caused by particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm) to make an accurate assimilation of AOD2.5, which is contributed to by the specific particle swarm PM2.5. (II) In the vertical correction, we compare the performance of PBLHc retrieved by satellite Lidar CALIPSO data and PBLHe reanalysis by ECMWF. Then, PBLHc is used to make a systematic correction for PBLHe. (III) For extinction to volume conversion, the relative humidity and the FMF are used together to assimilate the AVEC (averaged volume extinction coefficient, μm2/μm3). (IV) PM2.5 measured by ground-based air quality stations are used as the dry mass concentration when calculating the AMV (averaged mass volume, cm3/g) in humidity correction, that will avoid the uncertainties derived from the estimation of the particulate matter density ρ. (V) Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) 1 km × 1 km AOD was used to retrieve high resolution PM2.5, and a LookUP Table-based Spectral Deconvolution Algorithm (LUT-SDA) FMF was used to avoid the large uncertainties caused by the MODIS FMF product. The validation of PM2.5 from the SPSEMCA algorithm to the AERONET observation data and MODIS monitoring data achieved acceptable results, R = 0.70, RMSE (root mean square error) = 58.75 μg/m3 for AERONET data, R = 0.75, RMSE = 43.38 μg/m3 for MODIS data, respectively. Furthermore, the trend of the temporal and spatial distribution of Beijing was revealed.

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Metzger, Swen, Mohamed Abdelkader, Benedikt Steil, and Klaus Klingmüller. "Aerosol water parameterization: long-term evaluation and importance for climate studies." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 22 (November 27, 2018): 16747–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16747-2018.

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Abstract. We scrutinize the importance of aerosol water for the aerosol optical depth (AOD) calculations using a long-term evaluation of the EQuilibrium Simplified Aerosol Model v4 for climate modeling. EQSAM4clim is based on a single solute coefficient approach that efficiently parameterizes hygroscopic growth, accounting for aerosol water uptake from the deliquescence relative humidity up to supersaturation. EQSAM4clim extends the single solute coefficient approach to treat water uptake of multicomponent mixtures. The gas–aerosol partitioning and the mixed-solution water uptake can be solved analytically, preventing the need for iterations, which is computationally efficient. EQSAM4clim has been implemented in the global chemistry climate model EMAC and compared to ISORROPIA II on climate timescales. Our global modeling results show that (I) our EMAC results of the AOD are comparable to modeling results that have been independently evaluated for the period 2000–2010, (II) the results of various aerosol properties of EQSAM4clim and ISORROPIA II are similar and in agreement with AERONET and EMEP observations for the period 2000–2013, and (III) the underlying assumptions on the aerosol water uptake limitations are important for derived AOD calculations. Sensitivity studies of different levels of chemical aging and associated water uptake show larger effects on AOD calculations for the year 2005 compared to the differences associated with the application of the two gas–liquid–solid partitioning schemes. Overall, our study demonstrates the importance of aerosol water for climate studies.

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Journal articles on the topic 'AEROMET II'

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