Dissertations / Theses: 'Aerobic training'

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Ramsey, Michael W. "Resistance Training for Aerobic Sports." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4082.

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Pernick, Yael. "Moderate-to-high intensity aerobic interval training versus continuous aerobic training in real life, centre based, cardiac rehabilitation." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/moderatetohigh-intensity-aerobic-interval-training-versus-continuous-aerobic-training-in-real-life-centre-based-cardiac-rehabilitation(c1cdf0f7-e829-4dc1-b1a4-609deecb7034).html.

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Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs usually consist of moderate intensity exercise sessions for the purpose of enhancing the physiological and psychosocial status of cardiac patients. It has been postulated that interval training is superior to the traditional continuous training in CR. Most of studies of interval training in cardiac patients have relatively small sample sizes, diverse training methodologies, and included heart failure patients. Furthermore, there have been relatively few comparisons of interval versus continuous exercise in a real life, center-based CR setting. This PhD thesis reports a single–site, randomized controlled trial of aerobic interval training in CR that was undertaken to address some of these concerns. Following 4 weeks of adjustment in the center, 84 coronary artery disease patients were randomly assigned to either an interval exercise group (IE) or a continuous exercise group (CE). Functional capacity, clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of training. Both groups exercised twice a week under supervision at the center. The CE group exercised continuously at a moderate intensity (50-60% VO2max), whereas the IE group performed 2 minutes of low intensity (40-60% VO2max) followed by 2 minutes of moderate-high intensity (60-85% VO2max) interchangeably. Both groups increased VO2 peak significantly after training; however, IE was no better than CE at eliciting an improvement. In contrast, IE did elicit a significantly greater improvement in maximal power measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), as well as significant reductions in several sub-maximal variables. Some cardiac related risk factors, such as waist circumference, HbA1c% and hs-CRP were reduced in the IE group alone; however some of these changes do not seem to be clinically important. Next, measurements were repeated at 9 months to determine whether or not any of the training induced changes persisted at 6 months follow-up. Peak VO2 remained significantly higher versus baseline within the IE group only. High sensitivity (hs)-CRP was increased in the former CE group, and HDL-C was improved in the former IE group from 3 to 9 months. Finally, a single-group analysis (i.e. regardless of training modality) was undertaken to identify the best predictors of improvement functional capacity in cardiac patients. It was found that the magnitude of change in peak VO2 is dependent upon 6 factors: baseline body fat percentage, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), baseline fitness level, maximal rate pressure product during CPET, baseline psychological state, and number of exercise sessions completed. These observations indicate that interval training in a real life CR setting does not necessarily elicit higher peak VO2, but that it may have some superiority over continuous training in relation to exercise tolerance and performing daily activities. Furthermore, favorable changes may be preserved for up to 6 months following interval training. Finally, several factors that influence the magnitude of improvement in functional capacity following exercise training in CR patients have been identified. Using these factors, CR professionals may be able to identify those cardiac patients for whom the chances of improving functional capacity is low. Furthermore, it may be possible to focus on some of these factors in order to improve the prognosis for patients undergoing CR.

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Audet, Diane. "Metabolic cost of aerobic dance circuit training." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56816.

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This study was undertaken to characterize the oxygen consumption and heart rate responses of subjects during laboratory simulated aerobic dance circuit training sessions. Sixteen female subjects performed six randomly assigned 30-minute aerobic dance circuit training protocols. Oxygen consumption and heart rate responses were monitored in response to changes in three independent variables which were: interval duration, leg involvement and fitness level. Results revealed that the different interval durations generated significantly different oxygen costs. Also, it was found that in relative terms (% of max VO$ sb2$), the low fitness group (max VO$ sb2 $ 45 ml/kg.min). Furthermore, it was found that the involvement of deep knee bends during the resistance training segment of the circuit significantly increased the oxygen cost when the resistance training segments were compared. Finally, the results showed that exercise intensity was overestimated when using percentage of max HR.

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Malbut-Shennan, Kathryn Elisabeth. "Adaptations to aerobic training in old age." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394361.

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Shaw, I., BS Shaw, and O. Krasilshchikov. "Comparison of aerobic and combined aerobic and resistance training on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in men." Cardiovascular Journal of Africa, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001731.

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Summary While aerobic training and, to a lesser degree, resistance training are known to reduce blood concentrations of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), little is known about the effects of a combination of aerobic and resistance training on LDL-C concentrations. The aim of the investigation was to examine the effects of 16 weeks of no exercise, aerobic training or a combination of aerobic and resistance training on lowering blood concentrations of LDL-C. Thirty-eight healthy, previously untrained men (mean age: 25 years and six months) with borderline high blood LDL-C concentrations volunteered to participate in this investigation. Each subject’s blood LDL-C concentrations were measured following a nine- to 12-hour fasting period and prior to any exercise. Aerobic training consisted of exercise using a combination of treadmills, rowers, steppers and cycle ergometers. Combined aerobic and resistance training consisted of a combination of aerobic training at 60% of heart rate maximum, and resistance training using eight prescribed exercises performed for two sets of 15 repetitions at 60% of the estimated one-repetition maximum (1-RM). The no-exercise group was found to have had no significant (p ≤ 0.05) change in blood LDL-C concentrations (from 4.12 ± 0.27 to 4.21 ± 0.42 mmol.l-1), whereas the aerobic training and combined training groups showed significant and similar (p = 0.123) decreases in blood LDL-C concentrations (from 3.64 ± 2.87 to 2.87 ± 0.64 mmol.l-1 and from 4.39 ± 1.04 to 3.23 ± 0.71 mmol.l-1, respectively). This investigation indicates that a larger dose of aerobic exercise does not necessarily equate to a greater improvement in LDL-C concentrations if the lost aerobic exercise time is replaced with resistance exercise.

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MacKinnon, Susan L. M. "Sequential resistance and aerobic training in older males, effects on muscular strength and aerobic power." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ51557.pdf.

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Reidy, Paul T. "Influence of aerobic training on skeletal muscle protein composition." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1569026.

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Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only
Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only
School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science

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Bostian, Allen M. "Aerobic exercise training for patients suffering from intermittent claudication." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45751.

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Nine patients with intermittent claudication diagnosed at least 6 months before this investigation were evaluated to determine the effects of walking exercise on serum lactate accumulation (HLa, mmol⁻¹), ankle pressure index (API), total treadmill time (sec), and onset of leg pain (sec) in the most severely diseased limb. Subjects were evaluated via a functional walking tolerance test before participation in a thrice-weekly exercise program lasting 6 weeks. Post- treatment, the participants were re-evaluated on an identical walking test. Measurements of HLa accumulation and API were taken at rest and immediately following termination of the treadmill test. In the training sessions, body weight (kg), exercise heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and distance traveled (m) were recorded daily. There were no significant changes (p<.05) after training in total time (mean increase = 23.7%) or time for onset of pain in the treadmill test (mean increase = 30.1%). Neither were there significant changes (p<.05) in API or HLa levels taken immediately after exercise, when pre- and post-training treadmill test data were compared. The weekly responses for exercise HR, and SBP, as well as body weight remained stable throughout. Mean distance walked by the subjects increased 203% (± 45%) across the 6 weeks. These data suggest that increases in total distance walked in an exercise program were apparently not related to HLa accumulation or API measurements in the working muscles, and that other mechanisms must be investigated in future studies to explain enhanced performance of such subjects.
Master of Science

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Baxter-Jones, A. D. G. "Physical effects of training during puberty and adolescence." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261591.

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Élite adult athletes are known to have physical and physiological characteristics specifically suited to their sport. However, it is not clear whether the observed adult differences arise because of training or whether the sport selects the individual with the appropriate characteristics.The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast the physical development of young athletes (8 - 19 yr) and in so doing provide an answer to this question. Development of anthropometric characteristics, sexual maturation, pulmonary function and aerobic power were assessed in a group of 232 boys and 222 girls. The athletes were a randomly selected group of young athletes who had demonstrated previous performance success or who were excepted to do so in the future. They came from 4 sports namely: soccer (all male); gymnastics (2:1 female to male ratio), swimming (1:1 sex ratio) and tennis (1:1 sex ratio). The subjects were assessed annually for three consecutive years. The adjusted mean (ANCOVA) height of male swimmers (161.6 ± 0.6 cm) was found to be significantly greater (P<0.01) than non-athletes (159.2 ± 0.4 cm), gymnasts (150.7 ± 0.8 cm) and soccer players (158.7 ± 0.6 cm) and adjusted body mass (51.3 ± 0.6 kg) significantly greater (P<0.01) than the other groups. These trends were also observed in females. When testicular volumes were compared, it was found that swimmers matured significantly earlier (P<0.05) than gymnasts, tennis players and a reference population of non athletes. Female gymnasts attained sexual maturation (indexed by menarche) on average (14.4 ± 0.2 yr) a year after the other sports and the general population. A positive correlation was found between menarcheal age in mothers and daughters (r=0.29 , P<0.05), suggesting a familial trait. The observed late sexual maturation of gymnast therefore suggests some form of sports specific selection. Swimmers had the highest initial lung volumes (P<0.001), a difference which did not change with time. However, as training began well before the subjects were tested it was not possible to determine whether these observed differences were present prior to training. When age, height and weight were controlled for VO₂ max in males significantly increased both pubertal development, although this pattern was not shown in females. Swimmers had the highest VO₂ max values at all ages.

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Donovan, Timothy Francis. "Anaerobic and aerobic components of racing and training in rowing." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436571.

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Shaw, BS, I. Shaw, and GA Brown. "Comparison of resistance and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in the development of strength." Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001714.

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ABSTRACT Shaw, BS, Shaw, I, and Brown, GA. Comparison of resistance and concurrent resistance and endurance training regimes in the development of strength. J Strength Cond Res 23(9): 2507–2514, 2009—Resistance and endurance training are often performed concurrently in most exercise programs and in rehabilitative settings in an attempt to acquire gains in more than 1 physiologic system. However, it has been proposed that by simultaneously performing these 2 modes of exercise training, the strength gains achieved by resistance training alone may be impaired. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the effects of 16 weeks of resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training on muscular strength development in 38 sedentary, apparently healthy males (25 yr 6 8 mo). Subjects were age-matched and randomly assigned to either a control (Con) group (n = 12), resistance training (Res) group (n = 13), or concurrent resistance and endurance training (Com) group (n = 13). After 16 weeks, no changes were found in the strength of the subjects in the Con group. Resistance training and concurrent resistance and endurance training significantly (p # 0.05) improved strength in all of the 8 prescribed exercises. The data also indicated that 16 weeks of concurrent resistance training and endurance training was as effective in eliciting improvements in strength as resistance training alone in previously sedentary males. As such, concurrent resistance and endurance training does not impede muscular strength gains and can be prescribed simultaneously for the development of strength in sedentary, apparently healthy males and thus may invoke all the physiologic adaptations of resistance and endurance training at once.

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Shaw, I., JM Loots, L. Lategan, and BS Shaw. "Effectiveness of aerobic exercise training in improving pulmonary function in asthmatics." African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001698.

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ABSTRACT Asthma exemplifies a major medical concern and is a considerable cause of morbidity and mortality in Western society. Controversy still exists regarding the most effective mode and intensity of exercise training for asthmatics. Thus, the purpose of the study was to determine whether walking or jogging at 60% of age-predicted heart rate maximum can increase effort-dependent pulmonary function parameters in moderate, persistent asthmatics. Forty-four sedentary asthmatics were randomly assigned to either a non-exercising control (NE) group (n = 22) or an eight-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (AE) group (n = 22). Results indicated that the subjects in the AE training group significantly (p = 0.05) increased their forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) and inspiratory vital capacity (IVC). The NE group did not exhibit any significant changes in any of the measured variables. Therefore, walking or jogging at 60% heart rate maximum for 30 minutes three times a week for eight weeks can effectively improve the effort-dependent pulmonary parameters in moderate, persistent asthmatics. This represents a strong argument to support the inclusion of this mode of aerobic training in the treatment of moderate, persistent asthma due to its effectiveness, inexpensiveness and lowrisk.

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Neidig, Judith L. "Aerobic exercise training : effects on depressive symptoms in HIV infected adults /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487953567769792.

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Neidig, Judith L. "Aerobic Exercise Training: Effects on Depressive Symptoms in HIV Infected Adults." Connect to resource, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1225397080.

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Everett, Michael D., Ann M. Kinser, and Michael W. Ramsey. "Training for Old Age: Production Functions for the Aerobic Exercise Inputs." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4141.

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Purpose: This paper attempts to develop production functions (PF) between aerobic exercise inputs and long-run health outputs. Future studies could use such PF for estimating the benefits and costs (broadly defined) of different exercise programs to help develop optimal (utility maximizing) ones. Methods: To develop the PF, the paper reviewed the biomedical literature for the major dose-response relations between health, physical fitness, and exercise. Where relevant, the paper converted the dose-response relationships from relative risks to absolute probabilities and standardized terminology and units of measures. Results: The paper develops a clear set of biological PF that illustrate, quantitatively, how increases in peak cardiorespiratory (CR) fitness as measured by a short stress test reduce the probability of all-cause mortality; how increasing intensities of short (approximately 30 min, three to five times a week) exercise sessions increase peak CR fitness or retard its age-related decline; and how consistent exercise reduces the risk of myocardial infarctions (MI). Conclusions: The exercise-long-run health PF developed in this paper should provide a useful framework for other studies to estimate the broadly defined costs and benefits of different exercise programs and to help develop optimal ones.

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Kanitz, Ana Carolina. "Efeitos de dois modelos de treinamento de hidroginástica nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e na força de mulheres idosas : um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/127331.

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A procura crescente por atividades aquáticas tem estimulado o aumento de estudos nessa área objetivando uma melhor prescrição para diferentes populações. A hidroginástica, em específico, tem sido amplamente indicada para a população idosa, devido aos seus inúmeros benefícios já documentados, principalmente na força muscular e nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias. Entretanto, ainda não se sabe qual o modelo ideal para essas melhoras, visto que as metodologias utilizadas são muito distintas entre os estudos. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de dois modelos de treinamento de hidroginástica nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias e na força de mulheres idosas. Para tanto, participaram do estudo 69 mulheres idosas e sedentárias (60-75 anos) que foram divididas nos dois grupos de treinamento e no grupo controle: grupo de hidroginástica aeróbio (GA, n=23), grupo de hidroginástica de força (GF, n= 23) e grupo controle de relaxamento em imersão (GC, n=23). As intervenções tiveram uma duração de 10 semanas e foram realizadas sessões de 45 minutos duas vezes por semana. Antes e após esse período foram realizadas duas sessões de avaliações, sendo uma destinada aos testes de força muscular dinâmica máxima e outra para as avaliações cardiorrespiratórias em repouso e em máximo esforço. Para análise estatística utilizamos a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), com teste post hoc de Bonferroni (α=0,05). Os resultados demonstraram uma diminuição significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (GA: - 4%; GF: -6%; GC: -5%) e diastólica (GA: -1%; GF: -7%; GC: -6%) de repouso para todos os grupos avaliados, sem diferenças entre eles. A frequência cardíaca de repouso, no segundo limiar ventilatório e de pico não modificaram com as intervenções realizadas. Em contrapartida, o GA apresentou aumentos significativos no consumo de oxigênio no segundo limiar ventilatório (17%) e de pico (14%) e esse comportamento não foi observado nos demais grupos avaliados. Em relação à força muscular, todos os grupos apresentaram um aumento significativo da força dinâmica máxima de extensão de joelho sem diferenças entre eles (GA: 11%; GF: 8%; GC: 5%), a força dinâmica máxima de flexão de joelho aumentou no GA (14%) e no GF (18%) e, por fim, a força de flexão horizontal de ombro não apresentou diferenças significativas após as intervenções realizadas. Assim, concluímos que as três intervenções realizadas demonstraram melhoras significativas na pressão arterial de repouso. O treinamento de força na hidroginástica proporciona aumentos significativos na força muscular de membros inferiores. Por fim, o treinamento aeróbio na hidroginástica parece ser um modelo de treino efetivo tanto para aumentos na força muscular de membros inferiores quanto para melhoras nas respostas cardiorrespiratórias de mulheres idosas sedentárias.
The growing demand for aquatic exercises has stimulated the increase of studies in this area aiming at a better prescription for different populations. The water-based exercise in particular has been widely recommended for the elderly due to its numerous benefits already documented, especially in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory responses. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two water-based training models on the cardiorespiratory and strength responses in older women. Sixty-nine elderly and sedentary women (60-75 years) were divided into two water-based training groups and control group: aerobic group (AG, n = 22), resistance group (RG, n = 23) and control group of relaxation in immersion (CG, n = 24). The interventions had a 10-week duration and 45 minute sessions were held twice a week. Before and after this period there were two sessions assessments, one destined to maximal dynamic strength test and one for cardiorespiratory evaluations at rest and at maximal effort. The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), with post hoc Bonferroni was used to statistical analysis of data (α = 0.05). The results showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (AG: -4%; RG: -6%; CG: -5%) and diastolic (AG: -1%; RG: -7%; CG: -6%) at rest for all the groups, with no differences between them. The resting, ventilatory threshold and peak heart rate did not change with the interventions. In contrast, the GA showed significant increases in oxygen consumption in the second ventilatory threshold (17%) and peak (14%) and this behavior was not observed in the other groups assessed. Regarding muscular strength, all groups showed a significant increase in maximal dynamic knee extension without differences between them (GA: 11%; GF: 8%; GC: 5%), the maximum dynamic strength of knee flexion increased in GA (14%) and GF (18%) and, finally, the strength of shoulder horizontal flexion showed no significant differences after interventions. Thus, we conclude that the three interventions showed significant improvements in blood pressure at rest. The strength training in the water aerobics provides significant increases in muscle strength of the lower limbs. Finally, the aerobic waterbased training seems to be an effective training model for both increases in muscle strength of the lower limbs and to improvements in cardiorespiratory responses among sedentary older women.

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Asano, Shinichi. "Excess postexercise oxygen consumption and interval training." Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=521.

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Zaffari, Paula. "Efeitos de um treinamento combinado na hidroginástica sobre variáveis neuromusculares, cardiorrespiratótias e funcionais de mulheres idosas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/131476.

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O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar os efeitos de um treinamento combinado, de força e aeróbio na hidroginástica, nas adaptações neuromusculares, cardiorrespiratórias e funcionais de mulheres idosas. Para tanto, 36 mulheres idosas foram divididas em três grupos: treinamento combinado na hidroginástica (TC; n=11; 64,18±3,6 anos), treinamento de força na hidroginástica (TF; n=14; 67,86±4,2 anos), e treinamento aeróbio na hidroginástica (TA; n=11; 66,45±4,23 anos), e realizaram esses treinamentos ao longo de 12 semanas, duas vezes por semana. Previamente ao início do treino e ao final do mesmo, os sujeitos foram submetidos a avaliações relacionadas às respostas neuromusculares, cardiorrespiratórias e funcionais, e, além disso, uma subamostra das participantes (n=9) fizeram parte de um período controle de quatro semanas antes do início do treinamento, realizando as principais avaliações antes e após esse período. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste T pareado e coeficiente de correlação intra-classe (ICC) para a comparação dos dados no período controle e a Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), com teste post-hoc de Bonferroni, para a comparação entre os momentos (pré e pós-treinamento) e entre os grupos (TC, TF, TA). Adotou-se um nível de significância de α=0,05 e os dados foram rodados no SPSS 20.0. Em relação às variáveis neuromusculares, foram encontradas melhoras significativas na força muscular dinâmica máxima e na resistência muscular localizada de extensores e flexores de joelhos, na força isométrica máxima e na economia neuromuscular de extensores de joelho (p<0,05), sem incrementos na atividade eletromiográfica isométrica máxima dos músculos vasto lateral e reto femoral (p>0,05). Quanto às variáveis cardiorrespiratórias, a frequência cardíaca de repouso e o tempo de exaustão melhoraram significativamente após o treinamento (p<0,05), enquanto o consumo de oxigênio referente ao primeiro e ao segundo limiar ventilatório e de pico não apresentaram alterações (p>0,05). Nas avaliações da capacidade funcional, uma melhora significativa foi verificada nos testes de sentar e alcançar e de sentar e levantar (p<0,05), já no teste de agilidade (8-foot Up and Go), foi observada uma manutenção dos valores (p>0,05). Salienta-se que as respostas verificadas em todas as variáveis foram semelhantes entre os grupos de treinamento, sem diferenças significativas entre eles (p>0,05), com exceção da economia muscular do músculo vasto lateral, que apresentou melhores valores no grupo TF em relação ao TA (p<0,05). Assim sendo, conclui-se que os três métodos de treinamento na hidroginástica foram efetivos em gerar incrementos em diversos parâmetros da aptidão física de mulheres idosas, na mesma magnitude.
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of a combined training, resistance training and an aerobic training performed on the water environment, on the neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and functional adaptations of elderly women. Thirty-five women were divided into three training groups of water-based exercise: combined training (CT; n=11; 64,18±3,6 years), resistance training (RT; n=14; 67,86±4,2 years) and aerobic training (AT; n=11; 66,45±4,23 years), and performed those trainings for 12 weeks, twice a week. Before and after the training period, the subjects were evaluated on neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory and functional responses, furthermore nine subjects made part of a control period of four weeks before the beginning of the training, performing the main evaluations before and after this period. Statistical analysis used the paired T test and Intraclass Correlation Coeficient (ICC) for comparisons in the control period, and Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), with post-hoc Bonferroni test, to compare the moments (pre and post-training) and between groups (CT, RT and AT). A significance level of α = 0.05 was adopted (SPSS 20.0). Regarding the neuromuscular variables, a significant improvement was found in maximal dynamic strength and muscle endurance of knee extensors and flexors, as well as in maximal isometric contraction and neuromuscular economy of knee extensors (p<0,05), without significant changes in maximal isometric electromyography activity of vastus lateralis and rectus femoris (p>0,05). In relation to the cardiorespiratory variables, rest heart rate and time to exhaustion showed significant improvements after training (p<0,05), while the peak oxygen uptake and the oxygen uptake relative to the ventilatory thresholds did not increase significantly (p>0,05). Furthermore, in the funcional capacity evaluations, significant increases were found on the flexibility and resistance test (p<0,05) without significant increases on the agility test (p>0,05). It is important to highlight that, the responses founded in all variables were similar between the three training groups, without significant differences between them (p>0,05), except for muscular economy on vastus lateralis muscle, which showed better values in TF group compared to TA (p <0.05). Thus, we can conclude that those three training methods on water-based exercise were effective to promote benefits in several parameters of physical fitness of elderly women, at the same magnitude.

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Ranasinghe, Dilip Chathuranga. "The effects of supervised aerobic and resistance exercise training on Sri Lankan adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Sri Lanka diabetes aerobic and resistance training (SL-DART) study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/115457/1/115457_9304177_ranasinghe_dilip_chathuranga_thesis.pdf.

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This study had 2 components investigating the effects of exercise in Sri Lankan adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The quantitative component consisted of a 12 week randomized controlled trial comparing aerobic training, resistance training and usual care on glycaemic control (HBA1C), % body fat and range of clinically important endpoints. The qualitative component consisted of in-depth interviews to determine barriers/facilitators for adherence to different modes of exercise. The study proved, despite cultural challenges and barriers, the possibility of conducting a large-scale exercise intervention in Sri Lankans for the first time and merit of exercise in Sri Lankans with T2DM.

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Stoutenberg, Mark. "Aerobic Training Does Not Alter CRP Concentrations in Apparently Healthy, Untrained Men." Scholarly Repository, 2008. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/165.

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Regular aerobic exercise may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in part by lowering the concentration of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). While studies in diseased populations have shown significant decreases in CRP concentrations with regular aerobic training, little has been conclusively determined regarding the effects of aerobic training on CRP concentrations in apparently healthy, untrained populations who may not be adequately screened for CVD risk by traditional methods. PURPOSE: To examine the effects of a 17-wk half marathon training program (TP) on CRP concentrations, aerobic fitness, and body composition in apparently healthy, untrained men. METHODS: Twenty men (29.3 ± 1.0 yr, 37.0 ± 1.6 mL•kg-1•min-1 VO2max, 29.1 ± 1.8% body fat) registered as training subjects (TRN) in a 17-wk half marathon TP. An additional 22 men (27.8 ± 1.4 yr, 38.8 ± 1.0 mL•kg-1•min-1 VO2max, 26.8 ± 1.4% BF) served as controls (CON). Fasting blood samples were taken at four time points over the TP and were analyzed for CRP and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations. Aerobic capacity (VO2max) and body fat (BF%) were measured before and after the TP. RESULTS: No significant changes in CRP (P=0.69) or IL-6 concentrations (P=0.73) were seen in TRN as a result of the TP despite significant improvements in VO2max (42.2 ± 1.9 ml•kg-1•min-1, P<0.0001), resting heart rate (P =0.004), BF% (P =0.03) and BMI (P =0.05). No significant changes in CRP, aerobic fitness, BMI or BF% were detected in CON over time. CONCLUSION: Moderate, long-term aerobic training does not appear to affect CRP concentrations in apparently healthy, untrained men despite significant improvements in BW, BF%, BMI, and VO2max.

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Broadbent, Suzanne, and n/a. "The Effects of Age and Aerobic Training on T Helper Lymphocyte Proliferation." Griffith University. School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20050113.115912.

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Deficiencies in immune responses can lead to increases in the rate of infections and chronic diseases, such as cancer. Critical to the adaptive immune response is the activation of the T helper (Th)/CD4+ cell, the subsequent production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), expression of IL-2 and transferrin receptors (IL-2R, TfR) and transcription of genes resulting in DNA synthesis and T cell clonal expansion. The CD4+ lymphocyte response is impaired with ageing. Recent evidence suggests that moderate, regular aerobic training may increase the responsiveness of CD4+ lymphocytes to antigenic and mitogenic challenge, and thereby improve immune function in the older individual. Large volumes of chronic endurance training, and also high intensity training, may adversely affect the immune response, leading to immunosuppression and increased risk of infections. Impaired immune function and increased rates of URTI are found in athletes who undergo large volumes of training, often at high intensity. Purpose: To investigate if long-term aerobic training improved the immune response in men and women aged 65 to 75 years and, and to investigate if long-term endurance training depressed the immune response in male athletes aged 23 to 36 years. Methods:T helper lymphocyte proliferation was assessed monthly, by inducing the expression of CD25 (IL-2R ) and CD71 (transferrin) receptors with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Percentage of CD4+ cells positive for the receptors, and the receptor density, were measured using two colour flow cytometry. Concentrations of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and iron (Fe3+) were also measured monthly to determine the effect of endurance training on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Fe3+ ([Fe3+]i) within the CD4+ lymphocyte signal transduction pathway. Results: After twelve months of moderate aerobic training the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes positive for CD25 increased in males aged 65 to 75 years, but not in females. There was no training effect on the density of CD25 in either gender, nor was there a training-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, total intracellular [Ca2+] from endoplasmic reticulum stores ([Ca2+]t) or [Fe3+] in this age group. Significant month to month variations in leucocyte, erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, platelets, CD25 expression, CD71 expression, [Ca2+] and [Fe3+] were documented for both trained and untrained male and female groups. Aerobic capacity increased significantly with training for both men and women, with increases in peak, peak power and peak ventilation (p less than 0.05). Twelve months of chronic endurance training produced significantly lower haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and platelet concentration for six ([Hb]) and nine months ([MCHC], platelets) of the year in Ironman-distance triathletes, compared to sedentary males aged 23 to 36 years. There was no evidence of immunosuppression in the trained group, with no significant differences between groups in the percentage of CD4+ cells positive for CD25. The trained group showed a significantly higher density of CD25 receptors in October, January and June, suggesting a better immune response during these months. Endurance training did not effect [Ca2+] or [Fe3+]. The trained group did not show a reduced leucocyte concentration, and reported significantly fewer cases of URTI in twelve months than their sedentary counterparts. The 23 to 36 years age group showed seasonal changes in haematological and immunological indices similar to older individuals, indicating that autumn, late winter and late spring are periods of reduced immuno-competency. Conclusion: Twelve months of moderate intensity training significantly increased functional capacity in older men and women, and the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes expressing CD25 in older men, thereby improving the lymphoid immune response. Twelve months of endurance training significantly increased CD25 density in CD4+ lymphocytes in Ironman triathletes compared to sedentary young males. The monthly changes in immune variables in young and older subjects suggested that autumn, late winter and late spring might be periods where individuals were more at risk of succumbing to infections due to decreased lymphocyte responsiveness. Summer months appeared to be a period of increased lymphocyte responsiveness and proliferation.

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Konopka, Adam R. "Mechanisms of hypertrophy after 12 weeks of aerobic training in elderly women." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/410.

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Broadbent, Suzanne. "The Effects of Age and Aerobic Training on T Helper Lymphocyte Proliferation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366869.

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Deficiencies in immune responses can lead to increases in the rate of infections and chronic diseases, such as cancer. Critical to the adaptive immune response is the activation of the T helper (Th)/CD4+ cell, the subsequent production of interleukin 2 (IL-2), expression of IL-2 and transferrin receptors (IL-2R, TfR) and transcription of genes resulting in DNA synthesis and T cell clonal expansion. The CD4+ lymphocyte response is impaired with ageing. Recent evidence suggests that moderate, regular aerobic training may increase the responsiveness of CD4+ lymphocytes to antigenic and mitogenic challenge, and thereby improve immune function in the older individual. Large volumes of chronic endurance training, and also high intensity training, may adversely affect the immune response, leading to immunosuppression and increased risk of infections. Impaired immune function and increased rates of URTI are found in athletes who undergo large volumes of training, often at high intensity. Purpose: To investigate if long-term aerobic training improved the immune response in men and women aged 65 to 75 years and, and to investigate if long-term endurance training depressed the immune response in male athletes aged 23 to 36 years. Methods:T helper lymphocyte proliferation was assessed monthly, by inducing the expression of CD25 (IL-2R ) and CD71 (transferrin) receptors with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Percentage of CD4+ cells positive for the receptors, and the receptor density, were measured using two colour flow cytometry. Concentrations of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) and iron (Fe3+) were also measured monthly to determine the effect of endurance training on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and Fe3+ ([Fe3+]i) within the CD4+ lymphocyte signal transduction pathway. Results: After twelve months of moderate aerobic training the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes positive for CD25 increased in males aged 65 to 75 years, but not in females. There was no training effect on the density of CD25 in either gender, nor was there a training-induced increase in [Ca2+]i, total intracellular [Ca2+] from endoplasmic reticulum stores ([Ca2+]t) or [Fe3+] in this age group. Significant month to month variations in leucocyte, erythrocyte and haemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit, platelets, CD25 expression, CD71 expression, [Ca2+] and [Fe3+] were documented for both trained and untrained male and female groups. Aerobic capacity increased significantly with training for both men and women, with increases in peak, peak power and peak ventilation (p less than 0.05). Twelve months of chronic endurance training produced significantly lower haemoglobin, mean corpuscular haemoglobin and platelet concentration for six ([Hb]) and nine months ([MCHC], platelets) of the year in Ironman-distance triathletes, compared to sedentary males aged 23 to 36 years. There was no evidence of immunosuppression in the trained group, with no significant differences between groups in the percentage of CD4+ cells positive for CD25. The trained group showed a significantly higher density of CD25 receptors in October, January and June, suggesting a better immune response during these months. Endurance training did not effect [Ca2+] or [Fe3+]. The trained group did not show a reduced leucocyte concentration, and reported significantly fewer cases of URTI in twelve months than their sedentary counterparts. The 23 to 36 years age group showed seasonal changes in haematological and immunological indices similar to older individuals, indicating that autumn, late winter and late spring are periods of reduced immuno-competency. Conclusion: Twelve months of moderate intensity training significantly increased functional capacity in older men and women, and the percentage of CD4+ lymphocytes expressing CD25 in older men, thereby improving the lymphoid immune response. Twelve months of endurance training significantly increased CD25 density in CD4+ lymphocytes in Ironman triathletes compared to sedentary young males. The monthly changes in immune variables in young and older subjects suggested that autumn, late winter and late spring might be periods where individuals were more at risk of succumbing to infections due to decreased lymphocyte responsiveness. Summer months appeared to be a period of increased lymphocyte responsiveness and proliferation.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science
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Linton, Darla K. "The comparative effects of a 12-week high impact aerobic dance and bench step training program on isokinetic strength, power, and endurance of the quadriceps." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063042/.

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Metcalfe, Richard Sean. "The impact of reduced-exertion high-intensity interval training on insulin sensitivity and aerobic capacity." Thesis, University of Bath, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.667740.

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Despite clear recommendations on the minimal amount of physical activity for achieving health benefits and reducing risk of chronic disease, the majority of people in the Western world remain sedentary. As a 'lack of time' has been identified as one of the main barriers to becoming and remaining physically active, in the past decade research has focused on high-intensity interval training (HIT) as a time-efficient alternative to aerobic exercise. Although initial studies convincingly demonstrated equal or better health benefits with various HIT protocols compared to much larger volumes of aerobic exercise, these HIT protocols tend to be very strenuous and as such are unlikely to be adhered to by sedentary populations. Furthermore, most HIT protocols are not as time-efficient as sometimes claimed, with the total time per exercise session generally exceeding 20-30 minutes. This thesis aimed to characterise the effects of a novel reduced-exertion HIT (ReHIT) protocol, requiring a maximum of 2 x 20 s all-out sprint efforts in a 10 min training session, upon insulin sensitivity, aerobic capacity, glycogen utilisation and associated acute metabolic responses. The ReHIT exercise bouts were well tolerated by participants, but were associated with a substantial disturbance of physiological homeostasis including muscle glycogen degradation, lactate accumulation, excursions in plasma volume, post-exercise oxygen consumption, respiratory exchange ratio and heart rate, as well as a skeletal muscle signalling response through AMPK, and increases in skeletal muscle GLUT4 and PGC1α mRNA expression (Chapter 4 and 5). The combined training studies (n=49) provide some support for improvements in key disease biomarkers following ReHIT, with improvements in insulin sensitivity observed in men, and increased aerobic capacity observed in men and women (Chapter 7). These observations highlight a potential regulatory role for glycogen in exercise-induced adaptation. However, the mean improvements in insulin sensitivity in men were not consistent between the two training studies (Chapter 2 and 6), and there was a high level of variability observed between individuals (Chapter 6 and 7). Therefore, the impact of ReHIT on insulin sensitivity needs to be further explored in the context of a randomised controlled trial, and the mechanisms underpinning the large variability in adaptive response need to be characterised.

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Chesser, David G. "Effects of endurance training on the AMPK response to exercise /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2227.pdf.

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Cadore, Eduardo Lusa. "Efeitos da manipulação da ordem dos tipos de exercício durante o treinamento concorrente nas adaptações neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias em homens idosos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56767.

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O objetivo da presente tese foi investigar os efeitos da ordem das modalidades de treino de força e aeróbico nas adaptações neuromusculares e cardiorrespiratórias ao treinamento concorrente em idosos. Vinte seis homens idosos saudáveis (64,7 ± 4,1 anos) foram distribuídos em 2 grupos de treino concorrente: treino de força executado antes do treino aeróbico (GFA, n=13), e treino aeróbico executado antes do treino de força (GAF, n = 13). Os indivíduos treinaram 12 semanas, 3 vezes por semana executando os dois tipos de treinamento na mesma sessão. A espessura muscular (EM) de membros superiores (músculos do quadríceps) e inferiores (flexores do cotovelo) foram mensuradas com a técnica de ultrasonografia. Foram avaliados a força de membros superiores (flexores do cotovelo) e inferiores (extensores do joelho) com o teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM), o pico de torque isométrico (PTiso) dos extensores e flexores do joelho, e a taxa de produção de força (TPF) dos extensores do joelho em um dinamômetro isocinético. Além disso, a tensão específica foi avaliada através do quociente entre os valores de 1RM/2 e o somatório dos valores de EM do quadríceps. A atividade neuromuscular máxima e a economia neuromuscular (valores root mean square obtidos a 50% do PTiso normalizados pela atividade neuromuscular máxima) dos músculos vasto lateral (VL) e reto femoral (RF) foram avaliadas com eletromiografia (EMG) de superfície. O consumo de oxigênio de pico (VO2pico), a potência máxima (Wmáx), os limiares ventilatórios absolutos (LV1 e LV2) e relativos (LV1% e LV2%) e as potências nos limiares (WLV1 e WLV2) foram avaliadas em um teste incremental em ciclo ergômetro. Ambos os grupos aumentaram os valores de 1RM e a tensão específica de membros inferiores (P<0,001), mas os aumentos foram maiores no grupo GFA do que em GAF [(35,1 ± 12,8 vs. 21,9 ± 10,6%, respectivamente, P<0,01) e (27,5 ± 12,7 vs. 15,2 ± 10,3%, respectivamente P<0,02)]. Ambos os grupos aumentaram os valores de 1RM de membros superiores (P<0,001), o PTiso dos flexores e extensores do joelho (P<0,001), TPF dos extensores do joelho (P<0,05), a EM dos extensores do joelho e flexores do cotovelo (P<0,001), a atividade neuromuscular máxima do VL e RF (P<0,01 a 0,05) e a economia neuromuscular do VL (P<0,001), sem diferenças entre os grupos. A economia neuromuscular do RF melhorou somente em GFA (P<0,01) e esse aumento foi maior (P<0,05) que em GAF. Houve aumento no VO2pico (P<0,001), na Wmáx, (P<0,001) e na WLV2 (P<0,001) em GAF e GFA, sem diferenças entre os grupos. Somente o grupo GFA aumentou a WLV1 (P<0,05). Não houve modificações nos valores de LV1, LV2, LV1% e LV2% nos grupos. A execução do treinamento concorrente com o treino de força realizado antes do treino aeróbico resulta em maiores ganhos na força máxima e economia neuromuscular dos membros inferiores, bem como resulta em maiores ganhos na potência do primeiro limiar ventilatório.
The aim of this study was investigate the effects of different intra-session exercise orders in the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory adaptations induced by concurrent training in elderly. Twenty-six healthy elderly men (64.7 ± 4.1 years), were placed into two concurrent training groups: strength prior to (GFA, n=13) or after (GAF, n=13) endurance training. Subjects trained strength and endurance training during 12 weeks, three times per week performing both exercise types in the same training session. Upper and lower body muscle thickness (MT) were determined by ultrasonography. Upper (elbow flexors) and lower body (knee extensors) one maximum repetition test (1RM), lower-body isometric peak torque (PTiso) and rate of force development (RFD) of knee extensors were evaluated as strength parameters. In addition, the specific tension was evaluated by the quotient between knee extensors 1RM/2 and the quadríceps femoris MT. Lower-body maximal electromyographic activity and the neuromuscular economy (root mean square values at 50% of pre training PTiso normalized by maxima neuromuscular activity) of vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles were determined by surface electromyography. The peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), maximum aerobic workload (Wmáx), absolute (VT1 and VT2) and relative (VT1% and VT2%) ventilatory thresholds, as well as workloads at VT1 and VT2 (WVT1 and WVT2) were evaluated during a maximal incremental test on a cycle ergometer. Both GFA and GAF increased the lower-body 1RM and specific tension, but the increases observed in the GFA were greater than GAF [(35.1 ± 12.8 vs. 21.9 ± 10.6%, respectively, P<0.01) and (27.5 ± 12.7 vs. 15.2 ± 10.3%, respectively, P<0.02)]. In addition, GFA and GAF increased upper-body 1RM, PTiso of knee extensors and flexors (P<0.001), RFD of knee extensors (P<0.05), MT of elbow flexors and knee extensors (P<0.001), maximal neuromuscular activity of VL and RF (P<0.01 to 0.05), and, neuromuscular economy of VL (P<0.001), with no differences between groups. The neuromuscular economy of RF was improved only in GFA (P<0.01) and this increase was greater that GAF (P<0.05). There were increases in the VO2peak (P<0.001), Wmáx (P<0.001) and WVT2 (P<0.001), with no difference between GFA and GAF. Only GFA increased the WVT1 (P<0.05). There were no modifications after training in the VT1, VT2, VT1%, and VT2%. Performing strength prior to endurance exercise during concurrent training resulted in greater maximal strength gains and neuromuscular economy of lower-body, as well as greater changes in the in the power at first ventilatory threshold.

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Tyni-Lenné, Raija. "Efficiency of aerobic exercise training in women and men with chronic heart failure /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980602tyni.

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Inga, Pravdinskienė. "Influence of ergometry mode and training adaptation specificity on aerobic capacity in athletes." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20110112_143413-44371.

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Research hypothesis The dependence of maximal and submaximal indices of aerobic fitness and cardio respiratory system function on the type of ergometry will change due to specific impact of slow adaptation of the researched athletes. The functional indices of persons of different athletic fitness and sports specialization responsible for general adaptation of the human body to physical loads should vary less performing different continuously increasing loads or constant physical loads compared to those fitness indices which more depend on the adaptation specificity of trained muscles. The aim of the research was to establish the peculiarities of indices of athletes’ aerobic fitness and cardio respiratory system function in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation. Research objectives: 1. To compare maximal and submaximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of swimmers and untrained persons during cycling and arm ergometry. 2. To compare maximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation. 3. To compare submaximal values of indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of slow adaptation. 4. To compare the changes in the indices of cardio respiratory system function of athletes in the transitional phases of different constant physical load in dependence on ergometry and the specificity of... [to full text]
Tyrimo hipotezė. Maksimalių ir submaksimalių aerobinio pajėgumo ir vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių priklausomumas nuo ergometrijos pobūdžio pakis dėl specifinio tiriamų sportininkų lėtos adaptacijos poveikio. Skirtingo treniruotumo ir sportinės specializacijos asmenų organizmo funkcijos rodikliai, atsakingi už bendrąją organizmo adaptaciją fiziniams krūviams, turėtų mažiau skirtis atliekant skirtingo pobūdžio nuosekliai didinamus ar pastovius fizinius krūvius, negu tie pajėgumo rodikliai, kurie labiau priklauso nuo treniruojamų raumenų adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo tikslas - nustatyti sportininkų aerobinio pajėgumo ir vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių ypatumus priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo uždaviniai: 1. Palyginti plaukikų ir nesportuojančių asmenų maksimalias ir submaksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe. 2. Palyginti sportininkų maksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. 3. Palyginti sportininkų submaksimalias vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių reikšmes įvairaus pobūdžio darbe priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. 4. Palyginti sportininkų vegetacinių sistemų funkcijos rodiklių kaitą pereinamosiose pastovaus intensyvumo įvairaus pobūdžio darbo fazėse priklausomai nuo ergometrijos ir lėtosios adaptacijos specifikos. Tyrimo rezultatų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

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Cacija, Gordana. "Expertise and training effects on co-ordination dynamics in a whole body rhythmical task." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2003. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1330.

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This research consists of two studies. The purpose was to investigate the effects of slow and fast music tempo on interjoint co-ordination variability in an aerobic stepping task. The 'step knee-up' task is a cyclical whole body movement performed on the step platform. The exercise consisted of a few repetitive cycles. A cycle was defined by eight counts, four counts for the left leg pattern and four for the right leg as follows: The first half of the cycle was counted: I. Step up with the left foot onto the 20-cm step platform, 2. Flex the right hip to bring the right knee up; 3. Step down to the floor with the right foot and, 4.Tap once with the left foot on the floor near the right foot. The second half of the cycle consisted of the following four counts: I. Step up onto the platform with the right foot; 2. Flex the left hip to bring the left knee up. 3. Step down to the floor with the left foot and, 4. Tap once with the right foot on the floor near the right foot. The participants were instructed to move both arms simultaneously forward and backward so that the limbs would perform in-phase movement, which is opposite to the natural anti-phase arm movements that accompanies walking and stepping activities. This pattern of the arm movements has been defined as a proposed pattern or the 'to-be-learned' pattern. In particular, the research examined to what extent unskilled and skilled participants would adjust their movement co-ordination to cope with changes in performance conditions in attempting to achieve the criterion task. In the first study, these effects were observed in novices and experts, while the effects of the fast tempo training on intrinsic dynamics (self-paced condition) were considered in the second study. Both studies were based on the Dynamic Systems Theory. The environmental factor, which was considered as the control parameter affecting performance in both studies, was the music tempo. In the first study interjoint co-ordination responses were analysed in terms of a version of the Haken, Kelso and Bunz's (HKB) modal that considers detuning or frequency competition terms. Six novice and six expert females participated in the experiment performing a 'step-knee-up', a whole body rhythmical task, under different music tempos. They were tested at a slow tempo at 48 beat/min and at a fast tempo of 144 beat/min. Two hypotheses were proposed. Firstly, it was hypothesised that discrete relative phase variability of inter-joints co-ordination would be higher.at the fast tempo then at the slow tempo in both, novices and experts. It was further hypothesised that, in order to cope with changes in performance conditions and still achieve the criterion task, novices would demonstrate higher variability than experts at both the slow and fast tempo. Results showed that interjoint co-ordination in experts was more consistent (less variable) at both the slow and fast tempo compared to novices, in all couplings expect in the left leg. Furthermore, follow-up tests revealed that Tempo and Side effects in novices were not significant. In experts, however significant Side effect was found in shoulder joint coupling and hip-knee joint coupling. Higher variability was found in left leg interjoint coupling between hip and knee joints at both tempos, compared to the right leg. In shoulders joint coupling, however, higher variability was found only in the slow tempo for the right side observation of the L Shoulder-R Shoulder movement. Finally, it was observed that the initially specified arm movement direction (iso directional or in-phase movement) changed to anti-phase direction at fast tempo in novices. Therefore, in novices, in-phase arm movements were more sensitive to fast tempo perturbations compared to anti-phase. While these results may be in contrast to Haken, Kelso and Bunz's model predictions they are partly supported by Whittal, Forester and Song's (1999) findings. In the second study, whether practising the task under the fast music tempo would affect the interjoint co-ordination stability at the preferred tempo performance (without the music) was investigated. It was hypothesised that, after the training under the fast music tempo interjoint coupling variability at the preferred tempo would decrease. The hypothesis was partly accepted as variability decreased in the self- paced condition after training only in shoulder-shoulder interjoint couplings compared to the self-paced condition before training. Results in the second study were discussed in relation to Shaner and Kelso's (1988) dynamical theory of environmental function and motor learning transfer principles. It was found that training under the fast tempo did not significantly affect overall performance at self-paced and fast tempos. However, different changes in interjoint co-ordination strength were observed in different couplings before and after training as the function of (the left or right) body side. It was concluded that interjoint co-ordination flexibility is highly specific to the interaction between the task, body side, performance condition and skill level. Finally it was suggested that an individual approach to the analysis of variability in co-ordination dynamics in skilled and unskilled performance and learning be considered.

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Casenhiser, Amy Jo. "The effect of a very low calorie diet in combination with resistance training or aerobic training on resting metabolic rate /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487850665555794.

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Scordo, Kristine A. Bludau. "The effects of aerobic exercise training on symptomatic females with mitral valve prolapse syndrome." Connect to resource, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1244145517.

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Nustad, Jill K. "Changes in aerobic capacity following an endurance training program as a function of age." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/774742.

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The recent American college of Sports Medicine Position Stand concerning the quantity and quality of exercise for developing cardiovascular fitness (1) suggests a need for more information concerning the rate of improvement in aerobic power as a function of age. Therefore, the purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether the change in maximal oxygen uptake (AVO2max) following endurance training varies as a function of age. Subjects were healthy men (N=277) and women (N=161), ranging in age from 20-72 years, who completed an endurance training program (= 3-5 months) between 1972 and 1987. The standard training stimulus consisted of individualized aerobic exercise (walking, walk-jog, or jogging) at about 75-85% maximal heart rate reserve for = 30-60 minutes, 3-4 sessions per week. A description of the %OVO2max expressed in relative and absolute terms, ± SEE are presented below.Variable20-29 yrs30-39 yrs40-49 yrs50-59 yrs60-69 yrsM 9/6AV02max ml•kg-1-min-'17.1 ± 13.220.0 ± 11.817.3 ± 13.319.5 ± 13.719.8 ± 9.1M%%OV02maxLmin-112.6 ± 10.616.0 ± 11.514.7 ± 11.616.6 ± 15.116.2 ± 9.8F °/oA VO2max mlkg''•min-'16.3 ± 9.022.5 ± 13.119.0 ± 10.917.6 ± 13.415.4 ± 6.8F%OV02maxL.min-'15.2±12.321.7±12.716.6±11.515.7±13.411.9±9.8N=Men women)20(17)87(54)112(51)46(30)12(9)A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between age and %OVO2max in both relative and absolute units, after adjusting for other parameters known to effect the training response. After adjusting for pre-training VO2max.(ml-kg-1-min-1) there was a significant negative correlation between OVO2max and age in both men (r = -0.31, p < 0.01) and women(r = -0.37, p < 0.01). When expressed as %OVO2max (L•min-1), the resultsrevealed the same age trend as that observed for the relative unit. Since the AVO2max after =3-5 months of training decreased as a function of age, this study supported the contention that training adaptations may be attenuated with increased age.
School of Physical Education

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Daroux-Cole, Lisa. "Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training intervention programme (CARP) for lymphoma survivors following therapy." Thesis, Kingston University, 2014. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/29891/.

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There is abundant evidence supporting the health benefits physical activity in cancer survival. Exercise per se is associated with positive physical and psychosocial benefits for survivors of solid tumours. There are limited available research data on blood borne cancers. Lymphoma is one such haematological cancer where survivors often experience decrements in psychosocial, physical functioning and quality of life (QoL) domains. A minority (~25%) of lymphoma survivors meet the recommended public guidelines for exercise. Further to this, the work of Bellizzi and colleagues (2009) indicates that QoL decrements often persist for years following treatment. Conventional wisdom dictates that exercise is likely to be an effective means of alleviating some adverse outcomes from blood borne cancers but this hypothesis is largely untested to date. Further to this, the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) has been shown to provide effectual model for predicting exercise behaviour amongst cancer survivors but known to differ by tumour type. Therefore, the aims of the present thesis were to determine the effects of 12-weeks of a combined aerobic and resistance training programme (CARP) on QoL and health related outcomes in Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) survivors. The thesis focused specifically on four main aims; Aim 1 the primary aim was to identify whether a 12-week CARP is effective at improving QoL in HL and NHL survivors. Secondary Aims were to; Aim 2 to determine whether a 12-week CARP is effective at improving standard measures of muscle function and cardio-respiratory fitness in HL and NHL survivors. Aim 3 to examine whether a 12-week CARP affects inflammatory environment and/or immune function in HL and NHL survivors. Aim 4 to identify whether theory of planned behaviour (TPB) may be an effectual model to predict exercise intention in HL and NHL survivors. In realising these aims, a parallel group randomised control exercise trial (RCT) was conducted with two components. Forty-one (n=41) HL and NHL survivors completed the trial at St George’s hospital, London. Participants, who had completed chemotherapy or radiation treatment (<6 months), were stratified according to tumour type and randomly assigned to either control (CON; n=21) or intervention (INT; n=20). The intervention consisted of a combination of 12-weeks supervised aerobic and resistance training (CARP) whilst the control group received usual care. The first component consisted of three measurement phases; baseline (To; n=41), post-intervention (T1; n=41) for all measurements, and 12 months follow-up (T2; n=15) for qualitative measures. A representative sample (n=6) from the intervention group took part in a focus group to explore participant perception of the impact of the CARP. QoL was assessed using the previously validated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC-QLQ-30) questionnaire. Secondary outcome measures consisted of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) determined by Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy in Lymphoma (FACT-Lym); Mood disturbance and fatigue were determined using Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire; anxiety and depression were determined using Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). Participant cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the Balke-ware treadmill test, muscle function assessed by grip strength and muscle endurance tests. Blood was sampled using the standard venepuncture method followed by radioimmunoassay to determine interleukin 6 (IL-6) and c-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. In order to identify determinants of exercise intention and behaviour in HL and NHL survivors, a second component to the trial utilised a validated TPB questionnaire, assessed at baseline (To; n=41), and post-intervention (T1; n=41). Data were analysed using SPSS version 18.0 using appropriate statistical functions. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Data are presented as means i standard deviations (S.D.). Results demonstrate that study adherence between To and T1 was 87.2% (41/47) with a large accession rates at 12 months follow up (15/41). Linear mixed models analysis was used to examine subjectively reported outcomes. Clinically relevant improvements in QoL were achieved in both groups at T1. HRQoL, a domain of QoL, increased with exercise; the improvements were both clinically relevant and statistically significant. Subscales of QoL and HRQoL that significantly improved with exercise are social function (p=0.020), emotional well-being (p=0.029), and functional well-being (p=0.025), as well as functional lymphoma specific concerns (p=0.034). Mood disturbance was unchanged in either group, physical function improved only in the control group (p=0.049). Both groups showed improved (p<0.05) physical well-being, vigour, reduced fatigue, and increase in subjectively reported amount of physical activity (IPAQ) as time passed from the end of treatment. At follow-up, HRQoL, lymphoma concerns, fatigue, and the trial outcome index significantly improved in both groups (p<0.05) from baseline; anxiety significantly increased in the intervention and anxiety, physical well-being, and functional well-being improved in the control group. Both groups reduced physical activity at follow-up. Predicted aerobic capacity showed a trend towards an increase, whereas resting heart rate (p=0.041) abdominal muscle endurance (p=0.018) significantly improved in the [NT group with a concomitant trend for a decrease in the CON group. However, this did not reach a level of significance. Although both groups experienced worsening of pulmonary function post intervention, this only reached a level of significance in the ]NT group. No significant changes in either IL-6 or CRP were observed during the study. ANOVA and MANOVA were used to analyse physical outcomes. Regression analysis was used to determine the predictive value of the TPB variables upon intention to exercise, and TPB variables and intention upon actual behaviour. Simultaneous Multiple Regressions were used first to determine the equation for each model. Stepwise Multiple Regressions were used to examine the impact of each variable on the dependent variable to find the best model of prediction. At baseline (both INT and CON groups collapsed to one) the model predicts intention (68.6%), but prediction of variation in actual behaviour is low (36.2%); self- efficacy (13:0.495) and social support (13:0.469) predict intention to exercise among lymphoma survivors and self-efficacy (B=0.609) alone predicts actual behaviour at To. At T1, the model predicts 77.0% of the variation in intention amongst the CON group but only 14.7% of actual behaviour; attitude (B=0.864) predicted intention to behave. Amongst the exercising group, the model predicts 61.5% of the variation in intention, but only 19.2% of actual behaviour; social support (B=0.800) predicts intention to exercise. None of the determinants significantly predicted actual behaviour at T1. The current thesis presents the first data in examination of the impact of a CARP amongst post- treatment lymphoma survivors. The exercise training intervention significantly improved HRQOL and psychosocial well-being. This is noteworthy as lymphoma survivors are often burdened with reduced HRQOL and psychosocial morbidity. Although predicted aerobic fitness levels were statistically unchanged in INT following the intervention, the trend towards an improvement indicates that either an increase in exercise programme length or intensity of exercise sessions may achieve statistical improvement in future studies. The findings from this thesis indicate CARP to be effective in improving psychosocial outcomes in lymphoma survivors. At 12-month follow-up, reduced physical activity was associated with increased anxiety; functional and physical well-being did not improve despite increases seen in CON.

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Girten, Beverly Elaine. "Effects of chronic aerobic exercise training on oxidant stress factors, antistressor responses and atheroma /." The Ohio State University, 1988. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487586889190081.

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Pickett, Craig. "Factors determining 200-m kayak performance: Muscle strength, aerobic capacity, stroke kinematics and training." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2325.

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200-m sprint kayaking requires repeated cyclic force production, and athletes typically incorporate resistance training programs aimed at improving muscular strength and power and the ability to produce high forces over the course of the race (i.e. 31-40 s). Whilst upper body strength and whole-body maximal oxygen uptake have been associated with faster race times in sub-elite athletes, it is not known whether strength and aerobic capacity, or changes in them, influence performances in high-level kayak athletes. In Study 1 of the present thesis, relationships between isoinertial strength (i.e., bench press, bench row, chin-up and deadlift), VO2max, and 200-m race times were quantified in 22 national- and elite-level kayak athletes, including three Olympic finalists. Strong relationships were found between race time and both upper body strength (r = -0.81 to -0.73) and VO2max (r = -0.70), but not deadlift strength. However, isometric force testing might be of greater diagnostic value as it allows for the quantification of time-specific force production (i.e. matching the time available for force production within the stroke) at joint angles similar to those of the limbs during the kayak stroke. Therefore, Study 2 examined relationships between lower-body isometric force and 200- m race times. Relationships between the mid-thigh pull force and 200-m race time were found to be poor-to-moderate (r = -0.49 to 0.07), suggesting (along with the results of Study 1) that maximal lower body force production might not be as closely associated with 200-m kayak time as upper body strength. Whether performances in isometric bench press and bench row tests might be more associated with 200-m race time than isoinertial tests was then examined in Study 3. Despite limited test familiarisation, isometric force produced to time points >0.2 s after force onset were both reliable (ICCs > 0.91 to 0.97 for bench press measured to different time points) and strongly-to-very strongly related (r > -0.51 to -0.80) to both race times and performances in the corresponding isoinertial strength tests. However, relationships with race time for the isometric tests were of a similar magnitude to those of the isoinertial tests, and they thus provided no additional information than those tests. In Study 4, pacing patterns and stroke kinetics were quantified during 200-m kayak races in 19 high- and elite-level athletes. The athletes executed “fast-start” pacing plans in which the acceleration rate to maximal velocity was a key determinant in race times (r=-0.95 ± 0.04). Further, better-performed athletes used higher stroke rates, although stroke rate did not discriminate between those better athletes. Within the cohort of faster athletes, stroke length (r=-0.48 to -0.85) and the effective work produced within each stroke (r = -0.81 to -0.95) were determining factors in final race times. Athletes who displayed lower fatigue-induced decrements in stroke length and effective work per stroke had faster race times. In the final study, the effects of altering muscular strength on 200-m race time as well as changes in aerobic capacity and kayak technique were examined through the use of an 8-week eccentric-biased strength training (ECC-b) block as compared to their standard concentric-eccentric (CON-ECC) strength training. ECC-b led to greater improvements than CON-ECC in race time (adjusted mean difference: 1.86 s), stroke length (0.19 to 0.43 m), and effective work per stroke (14.7 to 19.1), total isoinertial strength (the sum of all lifts =15.3 kg), isometric strength (232 to 293 N) and absolute (0.18 Lmin-1) and relative VO2max (3.74 mL kg∙min-1). CON-ECC resulted in a reduced performance in the race time (? s) and some tests, perhaps due to training-induced fatigue. When viewed collectively, the studies of the current thesis indicate that upper body muscular contractile force capacity and wholebody maximal oxygen uptake are key factors influencing 200-m kayak race time. These factors, as well as 200-m time and stroke effectiveness, were positively influenced by the completion of a block of heavy, eccentric-biased strength training even though the contraction mode and movement pattern of exercises was dissimilar to that of the kayak stroke. Future research might examine the effects of eccentric-biased strength training on performance in other sports such as cycling, swimming and rowing, which require the repeated performance of concentric muscular contractions

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Araujo, Ana Carolina Ramos e. Côrte de. "Estudo das respostas metabólicas, antropométricas e cardiopulmonares em crianças obesas submetidas ao treinamento intermitente comparado ao treinamento contínuo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5164/tde-09012013-172614/.

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INTRODUÇÃO: O modelo ideal de treinamento para promover melhores adaptações metabólicas e cardiopulmonares em crianças obesas permanece incerto. Em adultos, evidências sugerem que o exercício intermitente de alta intensidade e baixo volume seja uma estratégia eficiente na promoção dessas adaptações quando comparado ao exercício contínuo de grande volume e moderada intensidade. OBJETIVO: Comparar duas modalidades de treinamento físico (Treinamento Contínuo [TC] e Treinamento Intermitente de Alta Intensidade [TI]) nos parâmetros relacionados à saúde de crianças obesas entre 8 e 12 anos de idade. MÉTODOS: Trinta crianças obesas foram aleatoriamente alocadas em dois grupos: TC ou TI. O grupo TC realizou exercício contínuo com duração de 30 a 60 minutos a 80% da frequência cardíaca correspondente ao VO2 pico. O grupo TI realizou 3 a 6 sprints de 60 segundos de duração a 100% da velocidade pico atingida no teste, intercalados por 3 minutos de recuperação ativa a 50% da velocidade pico. A sessão do TI foi aproximadamente 70% mais curta do que a sessão do TC. Antes do iniciar o treinamento e após 12 semanas de intervenção, foram avaliados os parâmetros metabólicos, a composição corporal e a capacidade aeróbia dos voluntários. RESULTADOS: O VO2 absoluto (TC: 26,0%; TI: 19,0%) e o VO2 pico (TC: 13,1%; TI: 14,6%) foram significantemente maiores em ambos os grupos após a intervenção. Além disso, o tempo total de exercício (TC: 19,5%; TI: 16,4%) e a velocidade pico durante o teste cardiopulmonar (TC: 16,9%; TI: 13,4%) aumentaram significantemente com os treinamentos. Houve redução significante, em ambos os grupos, nos níveis de insulina (TC: 29,4%; TI: 30,5%) e no índice HOMA (TC: 42,8%; TI: 37,0%). A massa magra foi significantemente reduzida no grupo TI (2,6%), porém não foi observada a mesma redução no grupo TC (1,2%). Os dois grupos apresentaram uma redução significante do IMC após a intervenção (TC: 3,0%; TI: 5,0%). A análise de responsividade revelou um padrão similar de resposta para a maioria das variáveis em ambos os grupos, sendo as variáveis relacionadas à aptidão cardiovascular as mais responsivas. CONCLUSÃO: TI e TC foram igualmente eficazes na melhora dos parâmetros relacionados à saúde em crianças obesas.
INTRODUCTION: The optimal training model that elicits greater metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations in obese children remains unclear. In adults, there is evidence suggesting that low-volume sprint interval training (HIT) is a time-efficient strategy to induce metabolic adaptations that are comparable to high-volume traditional endurance training (ET). PURPOSE: To compare two modalities of exercise training (i.e., Endurance Training [ET] and High- Intensity Interval Training [HIT]) on health-related parameters in obese children aged between 8 and 12 years. METHODS: Thirty obese children were randomly allocated into either the ET or HIT group. The ET group performed a 30 to 60-minute continuous exercise at 80% of the peak heart rate (HR). The HIT group training performed 3 to 6 sets of 60-s sprint at 100% of the peak velocity interspersed by a 3-min active recovery period at 50% of the exercise velocity. HIT sessions last ~70% less than ET sessions. At baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention, aerobic fitness, body composition and metabolic parameters were assessed. RESULTS: Both the absolute (ET: 26.0%; HIT: 19.0%) and the relative VO2 peak (ET: 13.1%; HIT: 14.6%) were significantly increased in both groups after the intervention. Additionally, the total time of exercise (ET: 19.5%; HIT: 16.4%) and the peak velocity during the maximal graded cardiorespiratory test (ET: 16.9%; HIT: 13.4%) were significantly improved across interventions. Insulinemia (ET: 29.4%; HIT: 30.5%) and HOMA-index (ET: 42.8%; HIT: 37.0%) were significantly lower for both groups at POST when compared to PRE. Body mass was significantly reduced in the HIT (2.6%), but not in the ET group (1.2%). A significant reduction in BMI was observed for both groups after the intervention (ET: 3.0%; HIT: 5.0%). The responsiveness analysis revealed a very similar pattern of the most responsive variables among groups. CONCLUSION: HIT and ET were equally effective in improving important health related parameters in obese youth.

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Fontoura, Andrea Silveira da. "Exercícios concorrente e aeróbico em ambiente quente e termoneutro : respostas fisiológicas e perceptivas de meninas obesas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/71781.

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Introdução: O exercício é conhecido como uma das ferramentas mais poderosas para prevenir e controlar a obesidade. No entanto, as razões pelas quais indivíduos obesos parecem ser menos dispostos do que aqueles com peso normal para participar e aderir a programas de exercícios são ainda desconhecidas. Uma das hipóteses é que as altas taxas de abandono tipicamente encontradas entre os adolescentes obesos pode ser devido ao tipo de exercício prescrito, e/ou uma capacidade termorregulatória comprometida. A interação entre exercício e excesso de peso pode alterar algumas variáveis, tais como, temperatura corporal, percepção de esforço, conforto térmico e irritabilidade, especialmente se os programas de exercícios são realizados em ambientes com altas temperaturas. Objetivo: Este estudo investigou as respostas fisiológicas e perceptivas em adolescentes obesas em sessões de exercícios concorrente (EC) e de exercícios aeróbico (EA), em duas condições ambientais: calor (C) e termoneutro (Tn). Métodos: Doze meninas púberes obesas (12,7±0,6 anos, 49,9± 3,0% de gordura) fisicamente ativas e aclimatizadas ao calor foram designadas para participar de quatro sessões de testes (EA e EC onde no EA foi de 40 minutos e consistia de cicloergômetro (60-70% do VO2pico) em duas condições ambientais: Aeróbico termoneutro (ATn) em que a temperatura foi mantida a 22-25 °C, humidade relativa entre 55-60 %; Aeróbico Calor (AC) em que a temperatura foi mantida entre 35-37 ºC, e uma humidade relativa entre 40-45%. As sessões EC foram organizados em quatro períodos (10 minutos cada), alternando cilcoergômetro (60-70% VO2pico) e duas séries de nove exercícios de força (12-15 repetições a 60-70% de 1-RM). As sessões de EC também foram testadas sob as mesmas condições acima mencionadas (concorrente termoneutra - CTn e concorrente calor - CC). As participantes foram autorizadas a beber cerca de 279ml (± 42.7ml) de água durante as sessões de exercício. As seguintes variáveis foram avaliadas: temperatura retal (Tre), frequência cardíaca (FC), taxa percepção de esforço (TPE), escala de percepção de esforço para crianças (EPEC), sensação térmica, conforto térmico, irritabilidade, cor e densidade da urinária. ANOVA de um e dois caminhos; ANOVA para medidas repetidas e os testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon (p <0,05) foram realizados com os diferentes tipos de exercícios (EA e EC), e as condições de temperatura (Tn e C) como fatores. Resultados: A análise confirmou semelhantes (p> 0,05) os níveis de hidratação, Tre e UR, no início de cada sessão de exercícios confirmando a linha de base. Os resultados mostraram diferenças entre pré e pós-exercício na Tre (AC: 37,1± 0,2 para 37,7±0,2ºC, e CC: 37,1±0,2 para 37,5±0,2°C) (p=0,001). Não foram encontradas diferenças durante as sessões CTn (p=0,967). Durante as sessões ATn, a Tre diferiu (p = 0,016), apenas no vigésimo minuto (37,1±0,2 para 37,4 ± 0,3). Além disso, não houve diferença (p=1,000) entre as sessões ATn e CTn. No entanto, houve diferença (p = 0,016) comparando a AC e CC, no minuto 35 (AC= 37,6 ± 0,2; CC= 37,4 ± 0,2 °C), e no minuto 40 (AC = 37,7 ± 0,2 e CC= 37,5 ±0,2 °C). O conforto térmico e sensação térmica foram maiores durante as sessões de calor e no exercício aeróbio (p <0,05). Não houve diferença na EPEC e irritabilidade. Conclusão: Em geral, estes resultados concluem que as adolescentes obesas respondem melhor em termos fisiológicos e perceptivos durante o EC em comparação com as sessões de EA. Além disso, os resultados demonstraram que a percepção de esforço, sensação térmica, e conforto térmico conduziu a um aumento significativo do prazer relatado no EA independente da condição térmica. Portanto, o EC pode aumentar o prazer e motivação intrínseca para a atividade física, aumentando a adesão desta população específica.
Introduction: Exercise is well known as one of the most powerful tools to prevent and control obesity. However, the reasons why overweight individuals seem even less willing than normal-weight ones to participate in, and adhere to exercise programs remain largely unknown. One of the hypotheses is that the high rates of dropouts typically found among overweight teenagers might be due to the type of exercise prescribed, and/or compromised thermoregulatory ability. The interaction between exercise and excess body weight would alter some unique variables such as, body temperature, perceived exertion, thermal comfort, and irritability, especially if exercises programs are performed in environments with high temperatures. Aim: This study investigated physiological and perceptual responses in teenager women during concurrent (CE) and aerobic exercise (AE) sessions, under two distinct thermic environmental conditions: artificially heated (Ht) and thermoneutral (Tn). Methods: Twelve obese pubescent girls (12.7 ± 0.6 years, 49.9 ± 3.0% fat) physically active and heat-acclimatized were randomly assigned to participate in four differents sessions, the AE sessions last 40-minutes each and consisted of cycling (60-70% of VO2peak) under two environmental conditions: Aerobic Thermoneutral (ATn) in which the temperature was kept to 22-25°C, and relative humidity between 55-60%; and Aerobic Heated (AHt) in which the temperature was kept between 35-37ºC, and relative humidity between 40-45%. The CE sessions were organized into four periods (10 minutes each) alternating cycling (60-70% VO2peak) and two sets of nine strength exercises [12-15 repetitions at 60-70% of 1-RM]. The CE sessions were also tested under the same above-mentioned environmental conditions (concurrent thermoneutral - CTn and concurrent heated - CHt). Participants were allowed to drink about 279ml (± 42.7ml) of water during the exercise sessions. The following variables were assessed: rectal temperature (Tre), heart rate (HR), rate of perceived exertion (RPE), perceived exertion scale for children (PESC), thermal sensation, thermal comfort, irritability, urine color, and urine specific gravity. One, and two way ANOVAs, repeated measures ANOVA, and Friedman and Wilcoxon tests (p <0.05) were performed using the different types of exercises (AE and CE), and temperature conditions (Tn and Ht) as factors. Results: The analysis confirmed similar (p> 0.05) hydration levels, Tre, and HR at the beginning of each exercise session confirming the baseline. The results showed differences between pre- and post-exercise Tre assessments (AHt: 37.1 ± 0.2 - 37.7 ± 0.2 ºC; and CHt: 37.1 ± 0.2 - 37.5 ± 0.2 °C) (p = 0.001). No differences were found during the CTn sessions (p = 0.967). During the ATn sessions, the Tre differed (p = 0.016) only during the first 20 minutes (37.1 ± 0.2 - 37.4 ± 0.3). Furthermore, no difference (p = 1.000) was found between the ATn and CTn sessions. However, the comparison between AHt and CHt differed (p = 0.016) at the 35 (AHt = 37.6 ± 0.2; and CHt = 37.4 ± 0.2 °C), and 40 minutes (AHt = 37.7 ± 0.2 and CHt = 37.5 ± 0.2 °C). The thermal comfort and thermal sensation were higher during the heated and aerobic sessions (p <0.05). No differences in the PESC, and irritability were found. Conclusion: Overall these findings conclude that overweight teenagers respond physiologically better during CE as compared to AE sessions. In addition, the results demonstrated that perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and thermal comfort led to a significant increase in reported pleasure on AE regardless of environmental condition. Over time, the CE could increase the enjoyment of and intrinsic motivation for physical activity, increasing adherence of this particular population.

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Fraser, Adam. "Effects of aerobic and resistance training on insulin sensitivity, muscle composition and dietary fat intake." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050330.095731/index.html.

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Koski, Max. "Effects of 9 weeks of periodized, single-set resistance and aerobic training in untrained women." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27975.

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Berglund, Christina. "The effect of an aerobic training program on cadiovascular reactivity to the cold pressor test." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45951.

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Forty-two college age students enrolled in a Personal Health class at Virginia Tech with exercise capacity â ¤ 16 METs and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) reactivity to the cold pressor test â ¥ 5 mm Hg were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group was asked to participate in an aerobic exercise session 4 d/wk for 8 weeks, consisting of walking/jogging for 30 minutes at or near their target heart rate range (75-85% of heart rate reserve). There were no significant differences between groups in terms of initial fitness levels and any blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) baseline or reactivity measures. After the training program, the average increase in exercise capacity for the intervention group was significantly greater (M=1.7, SEM=0.3) than the control group (M=0.6, SEM=0.2, p≤.05). No significant differences were observed in BP and HR baselines at the post-intervention cold pressor test. Controlling for pre-intervention reactivity levels by using ANGOVAs, the post-intervention reactivity scores were found to be unaffected by group assignment. HR recovery to the cold pressor test (in the first minute) was significantly faster in the intervention group at post-intervention (p<.05). No relationship was demonstrated between reported compliance to exercise and changes in fitness (i.e., submaximal predicted METs). Thus, an analysis of 8 subjects known to comply w1th the exercise protocol (i.e., 26 sessions attended, 87% compliance) compared to the 34 remaining subjects was completed. A significant group effect was revealed in the modification of DBP reactivity (p<.05) but not SBP or HR reactivity. Based upon the original experimental analysis, results from the aerobic training study do not support the hypothesis that aerobic fitness moderates CVR to environmental stress. However, the re-analysis comparing known exercise compi1ers to all others did support the hypothesis that aerobic fitness reduces DBP reactivity to the cold pressor test. These findings suggest a potential role of aerobic fitness in modifying CVR to environmental stress.
Master of Science

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Chu, I.-Hua. "Effect of Exercise Intensity during Aerobic Training on Depressive Symptoms in Initially Sedentary Depressed Women." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1204261519.

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Jacobs, Kevin Allen. "The influence of dietary composition on short-term aerobic training-induced adaptations in glucose kinetics /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488195633518172.

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Mering, Mark Cameron. "Effects of 9 months of resistance or aerobic training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008978.

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Williamson, Sheara Toy. "THE INFLUENCE OF AEROBIC EXERCISE TRAINING ON BIOMARKERS OF ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION IN SEDENTARY AFRICAN AMERICANS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214781.

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Kinesiology
Ph.D.
Purpose: Clinical, epidemiological and basic research evidence supports the inclusion of regular physical activity as a tool for the prevention of chronic disease and the enhancement of overall health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD), the number one cause of death in the United States, is more prevalent in African Americans when compared to other races. Extensive data suggests that increasing physical activity level, particularly with aerobic exercise training (AEXT), can improve modifiable risk factors (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia) for CVD. The common pathology for cardiovascular (CV) risk factors is atherosclerosis. Central to the complex pathology of atherosclerosis is the vascular endothelium. In recent years, autocrine and paracrine endothelial biomarkers that directly affect endothelial status (activated vs. inactivated) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of the development and progression of CVD and its precursors. Exercise interventions have been used to modify the concentrations of endothelial biomarkers in populations with varying disease states. The purpose of this study was to identify plasma and urinary biomarkers that are associated with aerobic capacity (VO2max) in a sedentary African American population and further determine the effect of 6-months of AEXT on the concentration and activity of the biomarkers. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Philadelphia, PA area. Twenty two pre-hypertensive African Americans (SBP 122.15±10.33, DBP 77.00±5.88; 52.27±6.25 years of age) were included. Routine fasting blood samples were drawn to assess blood lipids and fasting blood glucose along with urinalysis to rule out kidney dysfunction or disease. Subjects had a physical examination and BP measured under standardized conditions. Exclusion criteria included smoking, a body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2, alcohol intake of more than 3 drinks per day, diabetes (fasting glucose level >126 mg/dl), total cholesterol >240 mg/dl, renal or CV disease. On a separate day, a sub-maximal graded exercise test with gas analysis was conducted to determine aerobic capacity. VO2max was estimated from the baseline submaximal graded exercise test. Regression analysis was used to calculate VO2max. Participants underwent 6 months of AEXT at a prescribed 3 sessions per week for 40 minutes at 65% VO2max. Plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress (8-isoprostane PGF2a), cellular activation (VCAM-1), anti-oxidants (SOD), vascular tone (NO) and anti-thrombosis (2,3 dinor 6-keto Prostaglandin F1a) were measured before and after AEXT by commercially available EIA and ELISA kits. CRP, a biomarker of systemic inflammation and predictor of CV events was assessed. Results: Estimated VO2max values confirmed that the exercise group was untrained (VO2max: 25.31 ± 3.91 ml/kg/min). At baseline the most significant correlations observed were between VO2max and CRP (r= -.50, p= .01) as well as CRP and 8-isoprostane PGF2a (r= .88, p2max and CRP remained statistically significant (r= -.46, p= .02). Nitric oxide and VCAM-1 concentrations significantly differed following the AEXT intervention (NO: pre 24.07 ± 8.80 µmol/L, NO: post 37.17 ± 15.57 µmol/L, p Conclusions: Elevated basal plasma VCAM-1, CRP and 8- isoprostane PGF2α levels are evidence of endothelial activation and systemic inflammation. Pre-intervention findings provide evidence that having a higher VO2max was strongly associated with decreased concentrations of CRP, a marker of systemic inflammation that is highly associated with risk for CVD. Post-intervention analysis suggests 6-months of AEXT is an appropriate intervention for elevating NO and decreasing VCAM-1 concentrations. This suggests there were cardioprotective modifications in the endothelial phenotype. The absence of significant change in SOD activity, 2,3 dinor 6-keto Prostaglandin F1a and CRP concentrations may suggest that AEXT is not a suitable mechanism to elicit improvements in all metabolic pathways that impact the state of the endothelium in previously sedentary African Americans.
Temple University--Theses

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46

Cullen, Christine. "The effects of aerobic fitness and athletic participation on executive control functioning and motor response selection." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/748.

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Talluto, Craig C. "Differences in Resting and Exercising Pulmonary Function Among Sedentary, Resistance-Trained and Aerobically-Trained, Early Symptomatic, HIV-1 Seropositive Men." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/224.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 can compromise pulmonary function at all stages of the disease. The present study examined whether there were differences in resting and exercising pulmonary function among sedentary, resistance-trained and aerobically-trained, early symptomatic, HIV-1+ men. Forty five subjects, 15 per group, were enrolled. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed differences in demographics for age [F (2, 42) = 5.14, p<0.01)], weight [F (2, 42) = 4.84, p<0.01)], body mass index [F (2, 42) = 9.50, p<0.01)] and average years HIV-1+ [F (2, 42) = 4.78, p<0.01)]. A multiple analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) showed differences in resting pulmonary function [F (8, 72) = 7.164, P = 0.01]. Univariate ANOVA's and Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons showed the aerobically-trained group had higher forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) than the resistance-trained and sedentary groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), higher forced vital capacity (FVC) (p<0.01, for both), higher maximum voluntary ventilation (p<0.01, for both) and higher FEV1/FVC ratios than the sedentary group only (p<0.01). The resistance-trained group also showed higher FEV1 (p<0.01) and FEV1/FVC (p<0.01) than the sedentary group. For exercising pulmonary function, significant differences in our MANCOVA were found [F (12, 68) = 12.73, P = 0.001]. Univariate ANOVA's and Bonferroni post-hoc comparisons showed that the aerobically-trained group had higher dyspnea index than the resistance-trained and sedentary groups (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively), higher ventilatory efficiency (RR/VE max) than the resistance-trained and sedentary groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), higher maximum minute ventilation (VE max) (p<0.01, for both), higher peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2) (p<0.01, for both) and lower dead space (VD/VT) (p<0.01, for both). The resistance-trained group also showed higher peak VO2 (p<0.01), lower VD/VT (p<0.01) and lower RR/VE max (p<0.01) than the sedentary group. Results suggest that aerobically-trained, and to a lesser extent, resistance-trained seropositives possessed superior resting and exercising pulmonary function compared to sedentary seropositive males.

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Gonçalves, Maria Isabel. "Resposta pressórica, hormonal e vascular ao treinamento físico aeróbico supervisionado em hipertensos essenciais não medicados /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104036.

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Orientador: Roberto Jorge da Silva Franco
Banca: Osvaldo Kohlmann Junior
Banca: Paulo Henrique Waib
Banca: Claudia Forjaz
Banca: Beatriz B. Matsuhara
Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo prospectivo, controlado e aleatorio e investigar os efeitos de um programa de treinamento aerobio supervisionado sobre a pressao arterial, funcao vascular, e perfil metabolico-hormonal de hipertensos naomedicados, durante tres meses. Hipertensos sedentarios, com idade de 50(9) anos, foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos na proporcao 2/1, intervencao e controle, respectivamente. O tamanho da amostra foi estimado para 10% erro À e 5% erro ¿, para detectar uma diferenca de 3 mL/kg/min no consume pico de oxigenio, com desvio padrao de 3 mL/kg/min, ao teste ergoespirometrico. Apos 3 meses de exercicios, o treinamento aerobio (n = 55, esteira eletrica, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) promoveu um aumento de 12% no VO2max (p = 0,0001), enquanto no grupo controle (n = 24, protocolo isometrico/postural, 3 sessoes/sem, 45 min/sessao) nao se observou mudanca no condicionamento aerobio. O consumo de sal dietetico durante o estudo provavelmente nao se alterou, como indicado pelo sodio urinario de 24 horas. A massa corporal diminuiu nos dois grupos ao final do estudo (p = 0,001 para aerobio e p = 0,03 para controle), assim como o colesterol plasmatico (p = 0,002 para aerobio e p = 0,0498 para controle). Isso pode sugerir uma mudanca voluntaria na dieta, visto nao ter havido orientacao nutricional previa. Ao final do estudo, nos dois grupos, a pressao arterial de 24 horas nao variou significativamente, assim como a elasticidade arterial (tonometria de aplanamento, HDI/PulseWave CR-2000), renina e aldosterona plasmaticos, e metanefrinas urinarias. Somente no grupo aerobio foi observado: diminuicao da resistencia insulinica (HOMA-IR, p = 0,036), diminuicao do cortisol plasmatico (p = 0,006), aumento na hiperemia reativa pos-isquemica (como indice de funcao endotelial, pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,009), e aumento no fluxo arterial basal de antebraco (pletismografia de oclusao venosa, p = 0,001)
Abstract:The aim of this prospective controlled randomized study was to investigate the effects of 3 months of a supervisioned aerobic training program on blood pressure profile, vascular function, plasma and urine hormones, and metabolic parameters, including HOMA-RI estimation. Sedentary non-medicated hypertensive subjects, aged 50 (9) years, were randomized to intervention/control groups on a 2/1 proportion. The sample size was estimated to provide 90% power at alpha = 0,05 (one-tailed) to detect a 3-mL/kg/min difference in peak oxygen consumption, with a standard deviation of 3 mL/kg/min, at the treadmill ergospyrometric test. After 3 months, the aerobic training (n =55, eletronic treadmill, 50-75% VO2max, 3-5 sessions/wk, 45 min/session) was effective to promote a 12% increase in VO2max (p = 0,0001), while no significant variation was observed in the control (n = 24, postural/isometric protocol) group. As indicated by urinary sodium, dietary sodium probably did not vary during the study. BMI (aerobic p = 0,001 and control p = 0,03) and total cholesterol (aerobic p = 0,002 and control p = 0,0498) decrease both in intervention and control groups, suggesting a voluntary modification in dietary habits during the study, even nutritional orientation was not given. In intervention and control groups, 24-hours blood pressure profile did not significantly modify, as well as arterial compliance (HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 radial tonometry), plasma renin, aldosterone, C-peptide, and urine metanephrines. At the end of this study, in the intervention but not in the control group, was observed: a decrease in insulin resistance (p = 0,036), a decrease in plasma cortisol (p = 0,006), an increase in postischaemic hyperaemia (as an index of endothelial function, p = 0,009), and an increase in basal muscle forearm blood flow (p = 0,001). A significant correlation was found between changes in insulin resistance and endothelial function (R = -0,51, p < 0,04)
Doutor

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Dallman, Paula Ann 1949. "PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT OF CONDITIONING PRACTICES IN SUPPORT OF MULTIPLE DISCIPLINE DANCE TRAINING (FLEXIBILITY)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276391.

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Vaughan, Robert H. (Robert Harris). "Physiologic and Hematologic Responses Resulting From High-Intensity Training Among Elite Female Middle- and Long-Distance Runners." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330610/.

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The problem addressed in this study is whether physiologic, hematologic, and performance parameters obtained during and after a long term program of anaerobic and aerobic exercise can be used as markers of chronic fatigue.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aerobic training'

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