To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Aerial survey.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Aerial survey'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Aerial survey.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Sargeant, Nick. "Unmanned aerial vehicle payload development for aerial survey." Thesis, Sargeant, Nick (2012) Unmanned aerial vehicle payload development for aerial survey. Other thesis, Murdoch University, 2012. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/14812/.
Full textAbstract:
Aerial imaging is key part of remote sensing and surveying, however traditionalacquisition methods such as satellite imagery and manned aircraft suffer from some limitations, namely, “high capital, operational and personnel costs, slow and weather-dependent data collection, restricted manoeuvrability, limited availability, limited flying time, low ground resolution”[1].Unmanned Aerial Vehicle have gained increasing attention in recent years as technological advancements such as sensor minimization have made them a viable alternative for aerial photogrammetry applications.
This report outlines the design and development of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle suited for aerial survey. The first stage of the project involved a comprehensive literature review of existing research and evaluation of existing commercial solutions.
Existing commercial solutions such as the Gatewing X100 have proved capable in industry, however a number of limitations were identified; the most prominent being that the optical payload they carry is rigidly coupled to the airframe. As weather conditions become more adverse and wind gusts buffet aircraft, the camera’s axisis no longer orthogonal relative to groundwhich ultimately reduces the quality of the data captured.
Research identified from the literature review showed that “payload stabilization increases useful data capture during banking and increases processing success rate thanks to overall more predictable photo properties.” [7] In addition, “even when ordered to ‘fly straight’ over ground, deviations in roll and pitch of a few degrees occur due to turbulence and require extra image overlap pre-planned. Such overlap is costly in terms of flight time and performance worsens significantly during windy weather” [7]. As such, the primary focus of this project was to design an improved imaging payload design that actively stabilized the camera.
The project started by evaluating a sub $200, open source, autopilot called the Ardupilot in a fixed wing aircraft. An appropriate camera and airframe were selected and a stabilized gimbal designed. During the project, setbacks were encountered whenCyber Technology, a company that provides ‘UAV solutions for search and rescue operations, military support, high-end surveillance, law enforcement, environmental conservation, agricultural operations, oil & gas structural inspection operations, and cinematography/photography applications’[2] showed interest and suggested that the project should instead focus on designing a surveying payload for one of their flagship products, the CyberQuad MAXI. An imaging payload was designed that satisfied all design constraints and was successfully integrated onto the CyberQuad. A flight planning parameter calculator was created and trial flights were then conducted.
The planned test methodology to evaluate the gimbal was to collect imagery of a test site, flying repeated missions with a given overlap first with gimbal stabilization enabled and then again with the stabilization disabled such that the gimbal remained fixed.
By contracting licensed surveyors to conduct a conventional surveyof the test site, using their data as an absolute reference, it was planned that the imagery captured could be processed using photogrammetric software and any improvements due to stabilization be quantified.
Unfortunately the data from the ground control survey was not provided in time to be used forprocessing; however the gimbal did improve image acquisition. Further, in partnership with the aforementioned surveying company, a commercial test flight wasconducted at Kwinana Bulk Terminal surveying an iron-ore stockpile with industry grade models generated as a result.
Development of the project will continue beyond the submission of this thesis and it is hoped that the survey data can be obtained and used for processing. This should definitively prove one of the original hypotheses of the research; using a stabilized gimbal allows for more efficient flight plans as a lower level of overlap is required. Additionally, the data generated from processing should allow an estimated function of overlap vs. model accuracy to be determined allowing future flight plans to be optimized.
2
Larsen, Thor Liland. "Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Post Disaster Surveys." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/429.
Full textAbstract:
In the current built environment, structures require regular observation and maintenance. Many of these structures can be quite challenging to evaluate. The required scaffolding, lifts, or similar access facilities can become quite costly to rent and construct, and can be a long term disturbance to those who use and manage the particular structure. Furthermore, there are situations where examination for the purpose of detailed analysis can be quite hazardous, if not entirely unsafe for humans. In a post-disaster environment traditional methods may not be safe or adequate for gaining access to parts of a structure that require observation or analysis. The use of a remotely controlled unmanned vehicle is a reliable, safe and cost effective substitute for assessing structures before and after seismic, terrorist, or other destructive events.
3
Lloyd, Brooke. "Detectability of dolphins and turtles from Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey imagery." Thesis, Lloyd, Brooke (2021) Detectability of dolphins and turtles from Unoccupied Aerial Vehicle (UAV) survey imagery. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63695/.
Full textAbstract:
For many decades occupied aircraft with trained observers have conducted aerial surveys of marine megafauna to estimate population size and dynamics. Recent technological advances mean that unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) now provide a potential alternative to occupied surveys, eliminating some of the disadvantages of occupied surveys such as risk to human life, weather constraints and cost. In this study, data collected from an occupied aircraft (at 500 ft) and a UAV (at 1400 ft) flown at the same time, deployed for counting dugongs, were compared for detecting dolphins and turtles within Shark Bay, Western Australia. The UAV images were manually reviewed post hoc to count the animals sighted and the environmental conditions (visibility, sea state, cloud cover and glare) had been classified by the occupied teams’ data for each image. The UAV captured more sightings (174 dolphins and 368 turtles) than were recorded by the flight team (93 dolphins and 312 turtles). Larger aggregations (>10 animals) were also found in the UAV images (5 aggregations of dolphins and turtles) compared to the occupied teams sightings (0 dolphins and 3 aggregations of turtles). A generalised linear mixed model determined that turtle detection was significantly affected by visibility, while cloud cover, sea state and visibility significantly affected dolphin detection in both platforms. An expert survey of 120 images was also conducted to determine the image ground sampling distance (GSD; four levels from 1.7 to 3.5 cm/pixel) needed to identify dolphin and turtles to species. At 3 cm/pixel only 40% of the dolphins and turtles were identified to species with a reasonable level of certainty (>75% certainty). This study demonstrated that UAVs can be successfully deployed for detecting dolphins and turtles and that a GSD of 1.7 – 3cm/pixel is too low resolution to effectively identify dolphin and turtle species. Overcoming the limitations imposed on UAVs such as aviator regulatory bodies and payload capabilities will make UAVs a pivotal tool for future research, conservation, and management.
4
Taylor, Jeremy. "Iron Age and Roman landscapes in the East Midlands : a case study in integrated survey." Thesis, Durham University, 1996. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1566/.
Full text
5
Chabot, Dominique. "Systematic evaluation of a stock unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) system for small-scale wildlife survey applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66917.
Full textAbstract:
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may soon represent a viable option for use in a variety of wildlife research and management applications. This M.Sc. thesis presents an assessment of a small stock UAV system, the CropCam, as a wildlife research instrument in terms of measured performance in specific trial missions and general capacity to meet certain practical requirements. The UAV proved effective for surveying flocks of snow geese (Chen caerulescens), though ineffective for Canada geese (Branta canadensis), and carried out censuses without disturbing birds. It was variably successful at detecting black bears (Ursus americanus), woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus), white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and grey wolves (Canis lupus) in pseudo-natural enclosures, and factors affecting their visibility were analyzed. The UAV is affordable, portable and relatively easy to use, however it is difficult to master, prone to sustaining damage and functionally restricted by camera performance, range and landing site requirements. Promising results demonstrated in this study combined with rapid ongoing development of UAV markets warrant further exploration of wildlife research and management applications.Les drones « UAV » pourraient bientôt représenter une option rentable pour diverses applications reliées à la recherche et la gestion fauniques. La présente thèse de M.Sc. offre l'évaluation d'un système UAV compact de série, le CropCam, en tant qu'instrument d'étude de la faune en termes de mesures de performance au cours d'essais spécifiques ainsi que d'aptitude générale à rencontrer certains critères pratiques. Le drone s'est révélé efficace dans l'exécution d'inventaires d'oies des neiges (Chen caerulescens), mais non de bernaches du Canada (Branta canadensis), tout en évitant de perturber les oiseaux. Son succès fut variable dans la détection d'ours noirs (Ursus americanus), de caribous (Rangifer tarandus), de cerfs de Virginie (Odocoileus virginianus) et de loups (Canis lupus) dans des enclos simili-naturels, et une analyse de facteurs influençant la visibilité de ceux-ci fut réalisée. Le drone est de prix abordable, en plus d'être portatif et relativement commode d'emploi; par contre, il est difficile d'apprentissage, enclin à l'endommagement et limité par les capacités de son appareil photo, sa portée maximale et ses contraintes quant aux sites d'atterrissage. Les résultats prometteurs démontrés dans cette étude ainsi que le développement rapide du marché des drones justifient de plus amples enquêtes sur leur application à la recherche et la gestion fauniques.
6
Pearse, Aaron Todd. "Design, evaluation, and applications of an aerial survey to estimate abundance of wintering waterfowl in Mississippi." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/ETD-browse/browse.
Full text
7
Fox, Michael J. "Effects of Orientation Change on Spatial Learning of Novel Environments on Younger and Older Adults." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1420839362.
Full text
8
DeGirolamo, Gregory J. "Impact of Sequence and Cognitive Aging On Spatial Learning From Ground Level and Aerial Perspectives." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1336103643.
Full text
9
Millin, Gail. "Evaluation of geospatial data to characterise upland water vole Arvicola terrestris habitat at Grains in the Water and Swains Greave in the Peak District, Derbyshire." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://www.manchester.ac.uk/escholar/uk-ac-man-scw:154772.
Full textAbstract:
Evaluation of aerial photographs, LiDAR imagery and GPS survey points was conducted to characterise water vole habitat at Grains in the Water and Swains Greave, in the Peak District. Justification for the study is to explore an affective way to monitor water vole habitat in relation to water vole signs utilising GIS. The water vole is a rapidly declining native species (Strachan and Strachan, 2003). The geospatial data was evaluated in terms of integration and extraction. The aerial photography provided a basis for vegetation mapping after visual interpretation. The aerial photograph required geometric correction and an average control point RMSE of 4.17m for the Grains in the Water site, using a 2nd order polynomial model was achieved. Extraction of slope, aspect, stream proximity and elevation were achieved using LiDAR imagery. Pearson’s product moment correlation coefficient highlighted a significant relationship between water vole latrine density with slope at the 0.01 significance level for 4m and 6m resolution data (Grains in the Water). The Swains Greave site supported this result with a 0.01 significance level for 6m resolution slope data. Elevation and aspect did not show a significant correlation with latrine density at Grains in the Water. The main conclusion is that water vole habitat cannot be solely characterised by aerial photography and LiDAR data, as other habitat variables could affect water vole distributions, which cannot be extracted from these geospatial data e.g. pH, bank exposure and stream depth.
10
Walter, Michelle, and n/a. "The Population ecology of wild horses in the Australian Alps." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental and Heritage Sciences, 2002. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050412.151308.
Full textAbstract:
In this thesis I examine the population ecology of wild horses (Equus caballus) in the
Australian Alps. Wild horses were first introduced into the Alps over 150 years ago.
Paradoxically, they are a feral animal impacting on the environment, but are also a cultural
icon. Managing wild horse populations is contentious and needs to be founded on knowledge
of their population ecology. This is the first study of its kind in the Australian Alps and
therefore has a broad focus. Four general areas were addressed: distribution, estimation of
abundance and density, population dynamics and the influence of brumby-running. The study
was conducted between 1999 and 2002 inclusive in the Australian Alps national parks, which
form a contiguous protected area in south-eastern Australia from the Australian Capital
Territory (ACT) in the north, through New South Wales (NSW) and into Victoria in the
south.
The current distribution of wild horses in the Australian Alps national parks is patchy. There
are five major discrete populations in NSW and Victoria with the northern most population in
Kosciuszko National Park (NSW) bordering on the ACT. A review of published material and
oral history reveals historic influences on distribution. The presence of each population is
associated with introductions by people. The distribution of some populations expanded after
introductions and many have fluctuated over time. Distributions have been contained or
reduced through control by people, natural events such as snow and drought and by
geographical barriers. Park managers eliminated a population of wild horses in the ACT in
the 1980s. Distributions have expanded in areas without active management (notably
northern Kosciuszko National Park) and are likely to continue expanding under a policy of
no management.
In February and March 2001, abundance and density of wild horses were estimated by
helicopter aerial survey in areas where the mapping showed horses to occur. This was the
first time that these parameters have been estimated empirically. I compared three different
aerial survey techniques (strip, mark-recapture and line transect) based on relative accuracy
and precision and found that line transect analysis gave the highest, most precise estimate.
Given that aerial surveys usually underestimate abundance, this method was also likely to be
the most accurate. Mark-recapture over a 50m wide strip gave a similar result but lacked
precision. Strip and mark-recapture techniques performed poorly over 200m strips because
animals were missed. Numbers observed dropped off dramatically beyond the 50m strip.
Line transect analysis (for both observers combined) gave an estimate of 5010 (+/- 1408SE)
horses while mark recapture over 50 metres gave an estimate of 4915 (+/-2733SE). These
estimates correspond to a density of 1.8 horses km-2 over the area surveyed (2789km2). The
results suggest that aerial surveys of large mammals using a wide strip width (200m) and
mark recapture analysis may seriously underestimate population density.
The population dynamics and demography of wild horses were estimated at three sites, Big
Boggy, Cowombat and Currango, every spring and autumn over 3 years. The sites were
spread widely across the Alps with the aim of obtaining a broad understanding of population
dynamics. The survey used Pollock�s robust design and natural markings were used to
identify individuals. There was a seasonal spring peak in population size at Big Boggy with
no clear seasonal trend at the other two sites. Mean wild horse densities determined at Big
Boggy (2.01km-2) and Currango (2.13km-2) were not significantly (p<0.5) different to the
density calculated in the aerial survey, whereas density was significantly higher at Cowombat
(6.4 km-2). Census techniques were of limited use in estimating annual population growth
rate because of low precision.
Demographic analysis showed that none of the populations were increasing at the maximum
intrinsic rate (l = 1.2), and the Big Boggy and Cowombat populations may be stable (l =
1.0/yr). There was an apparent trend of food limitation across the sites. Body condition was
positively related (p<0.01) to pasture biomass. The Currango population was increasing (l =
0.09) associated with higher recruitment, body condition and pasture biomass than in the
other two populations studied. The Cowombat population had the lowest annual finite rate of
increase (l = 1.03), and horses at this site were in the poorest condition and pasture biomass
was lowest. The Big Boggy population was intermediate between the two.
Annual adult survival was constant in all populations at 0.91. Survival in the first three years
of life was more variable with the average at each site ranging from 0.63/yr to 0.76/yr. An
average of 0.26 female foals was born per adult female per year. Sensitivity analysis showed
that population growth rate is most sensitive to changes in adult survival, followed by
fecundity and then survival in the first three years of life. The dynamics observed at each site
was representative of the demography of wild horses in other parts of the world and is typical
for large mammalian herbivores.
Brumby-running is a form of harvesting that is currently being used to control wild horses in
the Alpine National Park (Victoria) and is soon to be trialled in Kosciuszko National Park
(NSW). The effectiveness of brumby-running has not been assessed prior to this study. Data
collected by the Alpine Brumby Management Association and predictive modelling were
used to examine the influence of brumby-running on the wild horse population in Alpine
National Park. Brumby-runners remove about 200 horses per year with a preference for
young animals and adult females. More horses are caught in autumn (61/yr) and least in
summer (30/yr) (p<0.05). Brumby-runners do not appear (p>0.05) to target horses in poor
condition. One skilled brumby-runner caught an average of 1.16 horses/day, while his
companions caught an average of 0.55 horses/day. Brumby-runners show behaviour
analogous to social carnivores. Predictive modelling suggests that brumby-runners could
suppress the population of wild horses in Alpine National Park similar to the effects of
predators, or human harvesting of other large mammals. Selecting young animals in the
harvest reduces the impact of harvesting on the population compared to unselective
harvesting, while selecting adult females increases the predicted impact.
There are several management recommendations based on the findings of this thesis that
address concerns for both environmental impact and the cultural value of wild horses. The
distribution of wild horses should not be allowed to expand further, and the size of the wild
horse population should be prevented from increasing further. Other management
recommendations that are more complex involve reducing some populations so that the level
of environmental impact they are causing is acceptable. This requires a definition of
�acceptable impact.� Finally managers should consider eradicating smaller populations.
11
Lang, Alexander Thomas Orr. "The Iron Age archaeology of the upper Thames and north Oxfordshire region, with especial reference to the eastern Cotswolds." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6e97faa5-a3de-4ea0-a5e4-c59bc2d7a650.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis considers the development of settlement landscapes in the Iron Age across two adjacent regions, the upland eastern Cotswolds and lowland upper Thames valley. Previous studies have focused on the differences in settlement form, economic practice and social development and therefore the possible dichotomy of heartland and hinterland landscapes. It is clear, however, that this is due to an imbalance of research brought about as a result of the natural landscape, interests of antiquarians and archaeologists and modern settlement focus and development. A new dataset of cropmark and geophysical survey material is presented as a way of redressing the imbalance. The focus within this study on banjo enclosures also provides an opportunity to analyse what remains a relatively enigmatic and understudied site-type that appeared during the Middle and Late Iron Age. The results illustrated and discussed here provide the chance to outline new narratives that take into account both practical and non-functional interpretations. From this, more is elucidated regarding these sites within the context of Middle and Late Iron Age settlement landscape developments. By integrating this new dataset within the wider context of the upper Thames and immediate environs a number of further and more general questions have been raised. These focus on the chronology of settlement development, the appearance and growth of exchange networks and the changing significance of open and enclosed settlements throughout the period. Differences have been used in the past to symbolise alternative social systems apparent across two settlement landscapes. However, as a result of the evidence presented here these perceptions are no longer viable as an interpretive framework. Instead, aspects of chronological development, settlement space and sphere of influence and interaction are discussed in relation to the evidence from Midlands and central southern Britain.
12
Honkomp, Nora. "Exploring shifts in migration phenology and breeding distribution of declining North American avian aerial insectivores." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1620686253404077.
Full text
13
Grotefendt, Richard. "Accurate and cost-effective natural resource data from super large scale aerial photography /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5454.
Full text
14
Eldredge, Laura F. "Differential Use of Two Warm-Water Effluents by the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) and Temporal Distributions throughout Broward County, Florida." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/452.
Full textAbstract:
The threatened Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) migrates seasonally to warm-water refugia throughout the state of Florida due to metabolic requirements from low thermal conductance. Broward County’s two power plant refugia, Port Everglades (PEP) and Lauderdale (LPP), are known heavily-utilized aggregation sites for the Atlantic sub-population. Broward County collected relative abundance counts via aerial surveys from 2004–2013 siting 31,418 manatees during 169 surveys within 18 defined waterway zones. Counts during manatee wintering seasons were significantly different from January 2005-March 2008 and November 2008-March 2013, likely related to flight path and frequency standardization. Mean percentage of adults (90.12%) to calves (9.88%) demonstrates a higher usage by cow-calf pairs than other aggregation sites. Counts of manatees traveling south to Miami-Dade County comprised only 0.83% of all aerial counts, contrary to the theory of the extensive usage of Biscayne Bay foraging grounds. The LPP zone had 57.21% of all manatees with Port Everglades Inlet zone accounting for 23.88% and the South Fork New River zone with 5.95%. This study provided a baseline for pre-construction distributions prior to Port Everglades plant reenergization. With PEP construction now finished and LPP planned for reenergization in the next 10 years, monitoring data studies be compared to these baseline data to better assess the impact of the disruption of Broward County’s main refugia sources.
15
Gondot, Pascal. "L'electrisation des nuages orageux : etude d'un cas de centre positif de basse altitude par des moyens aeriens in situ." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988CLF21091.
Full textAbstract:
Un des objectifs de la campagne cooperative landes fronts 84 etait l'etude de l'electrisation des nuages convectifs au moyen de mesures aeroportees du champ electrique, de la charge des particules precipitantes, de la granulometrie des particules nuageuses et des parametres thermodynamiques et dynamiques. Une etude comparative de deux situations (6 juin et 28 juin 1984) a permis de constater que des nuages dont l'extension verticale du domaine de developpement des precipitations etait limitee au niveau -20**(o)c (6 juin), produisaient des particules precipitantes en majorite chargees positivement alors que dans le cas des nuages d'orages typiques du 28 juin, etendus jusqu'a la tropopause, l'electrisation negative dominait. L'etude detaillee d'un des petits cumulus du 6 juin a pu mettre en evidence l'association etroite liant le centre positif de basse altitude a la presence de graupels fortement charges positivement. Ces observations corroborent les resultats experimentaux de laboratoire sur les collisions entre graupels et cristaux en presence d'eau surfondue, en particulier en ce qui concerne la dependance en signe de la charge transferee aux graupels vis-a-vis de la temperature et a propos du role preponderant des plus gros graupels dans le phenomene d'electrisation a l'echelle du nuage
16
Platt, Marcor Gibbons. "Visualizing and Modeling Mining-Induced Surface Subsidence." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2223.
Full textAbstract:
Ground subsidence due to underground coal mining is a complex, narrowly-understood phenomenon. Due to the complicated physical processes involved and the lack of a complete knowledge of the characteristics of overlying strata, the reliability of current prediction techniques varies widely. Furthermore, the accuracy of any given prediction technique is largely dependent upon the accuracy of field measurements and surveys which provide input data for the technique. A valuable resource available for predicting and modeling subsidence is aerial survey technology. This technology produces yearly datasets with a high density of survey points. The following study introduces a method wherein these survey points are converted into elevation plots and subsidence plots using GIS. This study also presents a method, titled the Type-Xi Integration method (TXI method), which improves upon a previous subsidence prediction technique. This method differs from the previous technique in that it incorporates accurate surface topography and considers irregular mine geometry, as well as seam thickness and overburden variations in its predictions. The TXI method also involves comparing predicted subsidence directly to measured subsidence from subsidence plots. In summary, this study illustrates a method of combining data from aerial survey points and mine geometry with subsidence models in order to improve the accuracy of the models.
17
Korpela, Ilkka. "Individual tree measurements by means of digital aerial photogrammetry." Helsinki : Finnish Forest Research Institute, Finnish Society of Forest Science, 2004. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/55872310.html.
Full text
18
Knapp, Paul Aaron. "THE USE OF LARGE-SCALE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR DETECTING CHANGES OF AN ARID RANGELAND IN SOUTHWESTERN ARIZONA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292059.
Full textAbstract:
Interpretation of large-scale color infrared and color aerial photography can be a labor and cost-effective means for inventorying and monitoring rangelands while maintaining accuracy. Ground measurements of vegetation cover at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument were taken in 1975 and 1984. Large-scale (1:1200) color and color infrared aerial photo estimates were compared to these ground measurements through regression and correlation to check photo accuracy. Relationships between photo estimates and ground measurements of total vegetation and shrub cover were strong when using either film type. Color infrared photo estimates corresponded better with ground measurements for both tree cover and cactus cover than color photo estimates. Large-scale aerial photography is also useful for determining some of the causes of vegetation change. Evidence gathered from both sets of photos suggested that vegetation change at OPCNM was largely the result of domestic livestock removal and short-term climatic fluctuations.
19
Metzler, Jacob W. "Use of Multi-temporal IKONOS and LANDSAT ETM+ Satellite Imagery to Determine Forest Stand Conditions in Northern Maine." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/MetzlerJW2004.pdf.
Full text
20
Bleier, Mary F. "Use of prior distributions from aerial photographs in forest inventory." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41543.
Full textAbstract:
Bayesian estimates of gross cubic- foot volume per acre were computed for four stand types (plantation pine, natural pine. hardwood. and mixed wood stands) using aerial photo volume tables as the prior information source. Aerial photographs provided a reliable source of information even though most photographs were nearly five years old.
For a given level of precision within a particular stand, Bayesian methods reduced the required field sample size up to 50% using all or half of the prior information available. Those priors which utilized a regression or a regression/topographic correction in the estimation of photo heights required less field information for the given precision level than those priors which used uncorrected or topographic corrected photo heights.
In order to obtain meaningful gains in sample size reduction corrections to the estimated photo heights
should be made. Although the uncorrected prior produced generally less biased estimates. the reduction in sample size was not as large as that observed using other prior types. Greater gains were attributed to the better accuracy of the prior distribution.
Although Bayesian methods are biased, it appeared that these methods tempered severely biased prior distributions. In the hardwood stand for example, the average bias present in the photo volume data amounted to -140%. After combining the prior with the field sample, the greatest average bias was -50%.
Bayesian methods performed better than the traditional estimation methods in terms of precision. In
a one to one comparison. the Bayes standard error was consistently less than its non-Bayes counterpart. The one exception to this trend was the regression prior from the hardwood stand. The poor performance of the prior was due to the weak height regression correction equation.
Modal priors utilized were not subject to the extreme input values for prior distribution development as
their conservative empirical prior counterparts were. Less overall variation was observed 1n the estimated values. Under the conditions for mode selection set forth in this project, modal priors provided another good source of prior information.Master of Science
21
Zielewska-Büttner, Katarzyna [Verfasser]. "Deriving biodiversity-relevant forest structure parameters: The value of aerial imagery from state surveys." Freiburg : Universität, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229349405/34.
Full text
22
Laplaige, Clément. "Comparaison de signaux (géophysique, LiDAR) utilisés dans l'étude des dynamiques anthropiques et naturelles." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1002/document.
Full textAbstract:
La caractérisation de la réalité matérielle du paysage impose d’une part de reconnaitre avec précision le cadre physique et d’autre part de saisir les interrelations entre les hommes et l’environnement, conditions indispensables à l’appréciation des origines du modelé du paysage. La compréhension des paysages passés se fonde en partie sur l’analyse de différentes sources documentaires qui permettent ensemble de caractériser bon nombre des évolutions paysagères intervenues notamment depuis l’époque moderne. Toutefois, les aménagements plus anciens ne sont ni localisés ni représentés sur des cartes. Leurs traces sont alors décelées dans le paysage actuel de manière efficace grâce notamment à la mise en oeuvre conjointe de diverses méthodes de détection : la photographie aérienne, enregistrant des variations topographiques ou colorimétriques à la surface du sol et le système LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging), mesurant les variations microtopographiques à l’aide d’un laser. L’étude d’autres paramètres, imperceptibles à nos sens, permettent également d’appréhender les traces des paysages passés. Les méthodes géophysiques détectent la présence de vestiges ou de structures enfouies qu’aucun indice ne signale en surface grâce à la mesure des propriétés physiques du sol. Il est largement admis que les méthodes de prospection sont susceptibles de fournir des données archéologiques quant à l’occupation du sol et/ou l’exploitation du territoire. A ce titre, elles ont été appliquées depuis plusieurs années sur le site de l’agglomération antique d’Epomanduodurum (Mandeure-Mathay, Doubs) dans le nord Franche-Comté. Cette ville est considérée, par sa taille, son équipement urbain et sa parure monumentale comme la seconde de Séquanie derrière la capitale de cité Vesontio (Besançon, Doubs). Ce travail de recherche se propose donc de comparer, à différentes échelles spatiales, l’apport respectif de plusieurs méthodes de prospection à l’étude de dynamiques naturelles et anthropiques dans un espace géographique de 80 km², centré sur la ville antique, associant un tronçon de plaine alluviale du Doubs aux plateaux calcaires environnants. Durant cette étude, il a été possible, entre autre, de développer des outils aidant à la détection des structures archéologiques et géologiques. Les résultats ont aussi permis de redéfinir en partie la topographie de l’agglomération antiqueThe characterization of the material reality of the landscape requires to accurately identify the physical geography and to capture the interrelationships between humans and their environment. These conditions are essential to the estimation of the origins of the landscape shaping. The analysis of documentary sources offers the opportunity to determine the organization of former landscapes and to characterize a large part of their evolutions since the Modern period. However, older land settlements are not localised or symbolised on maps. Their signs are efficiently detected in present landscape through the joint implementation of various detection methods: aerial photography, recording topographic or colorimetric variations on the soil surface, and the LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) system, measuring micro-topographic variations using a laser beam. Other methods can be used to identify the elements conserved in present landscape and reflect their past uses. The measure of physical properties of soils by the geophysical methods can detected the presence of archaeological remains or structures buried while nothing is perceptible to the soil surface. It is widely supported that survey methods can provide archaeological data of the land use and / or the exploitation of the territory. Thus, they have been applied since several at the site of the ancient city of Epomanduodurum (Mandeure-Mathay, Doubs) in the north of the Franche-Comte. This city is considered by its size, urban equipment and monuments as the second behind de civitas capital of Sequani, Vesontio (Besancon). This research intends to compare, at different spatial scales, the contribution of several prospecting methods for the study of natural and anthropogenic dynamics in an area of 80 km². The study area is centred on the ancient city and combines a section of the alluvial plain of the Doubs river and the surrounding calcareous plateaus. In this study, it was possible, among other things, to develop tools for the detection of archaeological
23
Silva, Hugo Amancio Sales [UNESP]. "Dinâmica da paisagem na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, oeste do estado do Pará." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93827.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2013-08-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:15:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1
000755428.pdf: 1772727 bytes, checksum: 25340537986dda5d7885dbce168e3429 (MD5)Atualmente, as questões conservacionistas têm sido discutidas com grande ênfase pela sociedade em geral, principalmente sobre a paisagem amazônica. Dentro desse contexto está a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, localizada nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, no estado do Pará. Esta vem sofrendo constantes explorações dos seus recursos naturais, principalmente devido à conversão de áreas com florestas em áreas agrícolas, principalmente para cultivo da soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, mapear e quantificar, em escala de semi detalhe, as áreas das classes de cobertura vegetal e uso da terr0a no período de 11 anos, com o uso de imagens LANDSAT, órbita/ pontos 227/62, bandas TM 3, 4 e 5, referentes aos anos de 1999, 2005 e 2010, a dinâmica da paisagem na região. A seleção das imagens foi determinada considerando-se o período climático semelhante, com as mesmas circunstâncias de iluminação e cobertura de nuvens. Os limites da bacia foram estabelecidos pelos divisores topográficos que formam a área que drena para um ponto específico. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos no levantamento de campo e com o suporte da fotointerpretação das cenas dos sensores nos anos estabelecidos pela pesquisa, foi definida uma legenda temática para classificação da vegetação e uso do solo na bacia, sendo identificadas sete formas de coberturas vegetais e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes de cobertura do solo...
Currently, conservation issues have been discussed with great emphasis by society in general, especially on the Amazon landscape. Within this context is Mojuí River watershed, located in the cities of Santarém and Belterra, in the state of Pará This comes under constant exploration of natural resources, mainly due to conversion of forest areas into agricultural areas, mainly for soybeans cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify mapping , semi -scale detail , the areas of vegetation cover classes and land use in the period of 11 years as use of LANDSAT , orbit / points 227/62 , TM bands 3 , 4:05 , for the years 1999 , 2005 and 4 2010 , the landscape dynamics in the region . The selection of images was determined considering the similar climatic period, with the same lighting conditions and cloud cover. The boundaries of the basin were established by dividers that form the topographic area that drains to a specific point. Based on the data obtained in the field survey and with the support of photointerpretation the scenes of the sensors in the years established by research, has defined a thematic caption for vegetation classification and land use in the basin, identified seven forms of vegetation and land use in the catchment area of the basin. We defined the following classes of land cover: Rain Forest , Secondary Succession , Alluvial Rain Forest , Grassland , Degraded Grassland , Agriculture and Water Bodies . During the research it was observed that the Moju river watershed has lost 221.73 km² of natural vegetation cover (dense ombrophilous forest, alluvial dense ombrophilous forest). Until 1999 the dense ombrophilous forest class was the largest present at the watershed, however from 2005 on the agricultural class became the largest at that location, with an increase of approximately 518.11% of the initial research area. When the results were analyzed more ...
24
Terwilliger, Miranda Lilian Naeser. "Population and habitat analyses for Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli) in Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve." PURL, 2005. http://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/71013833.pdf.
Full text
25
Tracey, John Paul. "Assessing estimators of feral goat (Capra hircus) abundance." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://cicada.canberra.edu.au/public/adt-AUC20050708.103427/.
Full text
26
Holmström, Hampus. "Data acquisition for forestry planning by remote sensing based sample plot imputation /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6086-7.pdf.
Full text
27
Saoudi, Abdelhamid. "Utilisation des rapports radiométriques de bandes spectrales dans la discrimination des essences forestières par vidéographie aérienne multibande (vam) /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full text
28
Robert, Klaus Bauer. "Development of a robust index of abundance for Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) through aerial surveys in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS042/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le déclin du thon rouge de l'Atlantique nord-est et de Méditerranée (ABFT, Thunnus thynnus) qui faisait suite à une forte surexploitation a été largement médiatisé au cours de la dernière décennie. Pour contrer cette tendance et reconstituer ce stock, d’importantes mesures de gestion ont été mises en place à partir de 2007. En dehors des difficultés liées à leur mise en œuvre et à leur contrôle, la gestion des pêcheries thonières est aussi limitée dans les capacités à suivre précisément les variations d’abondance de ces espèces dont les observations reposent principalement sur les données de pêche. Le manque d’indice d’abondance fiable fait que l’évaluation du thon rouge, comme celle des autres espèces de poissons grands pélagiques, est entachée d’importantes incertitudes. Cependant, les suivis aériens pourraient permettre de fournir un indice d’abondance du thon rouge. Ils sont en effet fréquemment utilisés pour l'évaluation de l'abondance des mammifères marins et aussi par les pêcheurs pour détecter les poissons épipélagiques, comme les thons. Dans ce contexte général, cette thèse a pour objectifs : (i) d'évaluer des facteurs qui affectent potentiellement la détectabilité des thons pendant les suivis aériens, (ii) d’analyser leur comportement horizontal et vertical et les facteurs environnementaux qui l’influencent, et (iii) d’intégrer les connaissances acquises pour développer un indice abondance robuste du thon rouge en Méditerranée Nord Occidentale. Les analyses reposent sur des suivis aériens conduits depuis 2000 dans le golfe du Lion, une zone de nourricerie importante pour le thon rouge. Une modélisation des données basée sur le « distance sampling » montre des effets significatifs des observateurs, de la taille des bancs de thons et de l'état de la mer sur l’estimation d’abondance. Cette étude confirme par ailleurs une augmentation importance des abondances entre 2003 et 2009, probablement en réponse aux mesures de gestion mises en œuvre depuis 2007 (notamment la taille minimale de débarquement de 30 kg). Pour évaluer les effets du comportement sur les estimations d'abondance, une étude a porté sur les trajectoires de thons issues du marquage électronique. Ces analyses montrent une disponibilité des thons rouge ainsi qu’une présence en surface dans la zone et la période (Août-Octobre) des suivis aériens ; résultat confortant la fiabilité de l’indice d’abondance. On note également des changements saisonniers du comportement, avec un approfondissement des thons à partir de mi-Novembre correspondant à la dé-stratification de la colonne d’eau. Le comportement de plongée profonde était particulièrement fréquent pendant les mois de forte productivité biologique (février-Mai), mais des plongées profondes ont également été observées à la fin de l'été en relation avec des fronts thermiques. La variabilité des schémas migratoires sur l’horizontale et du comportement sur la verticale indique une forte composante opportuniste, probablement liée à la disponibilité des ressources alimentaires. Les résultats obtenus durant cette thèse démontrent la faisabilité d’obtenir un indice d’abondance de thon rouge robuste à partir des suivis aériens (donc indépendants des données de pêche) et fournissent un cadre théorique et méthodologique pour une extension de ce type de suivi afin de diminuer les incertitudes autour de l’évaluation de ce stock. Outre le thon rouge, les suivis aériens ont également permis un suivi du rorqual commun (Balaenoptera physalus) et des dauphins rayés (Stenella coeruleoalba). La présence des mammifères marins semble également être liée à la productivité élevée et l'activité méso-échelle de la zone d'étude. Si les dauphins présentent une distribution spatiale en partie corrélée à celle du thon rouge, les rorquals ne présentent pas de forte co-occurrence avec le thon rouge, résultat qui confirmerait une certaine proximité des régimes alimentaires des thons et des dauphinsDeclines in Atlantic bluefin tuna stocks (ABFT, Thunnus thynnus), due to extensive over-fishing, have been widely publicized in recent decades. To counteract this trend, regulatory measures have been introduced by the fisheries managers, aiming at the rebuilding of ABFT stocks. However, apart from difficulties in controlling the implementation of these measures, fisheries management is limited in its capabilities to track their efficiency due to major uncertainties in the stock assessment. Indeed, there is a general need of reliable indicators of ABFT abundance. Aerial surveys may provide a helpful tool for the abundance monitoring of this highly exploited fish species. They are frequently used for the abundance assessment of marine mammals and also by fishermen to detect epipelagic fish, such as tunas. The aim of this thesis was to address these issues and to create a robust fishery-independent abundance index for ABFT through aerial surveys. To achieve this goal, the focus was set on (i) the assessment of factors that potentially affect the detectability of ABFT during the aerial surveys, (ii) the habitat use of ABFT, i.e. their horizontal and vertical behaviour as well as the factors driving it, and (iii) the integration of the knowledge gained through these analyses in the development of a robust index of ABFT abundance. Surveys were conducted from 2000 onwards in the Gulf of Lions, an important nursery ground for ABFT in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Line transect modelling of the sighting data revealed significant effects of detectability changes on abundance estimates, related to the observer teams employed, the size of detected ABFT schools and the sea state during the aerial surveys. Derived estimates of ABFT abundance confirmed a significant increase from 2003 to 2009, likely reflecting the success of recently implemented management measures (e.g. minimum landing size of 30 kg since 2007). To assess behavioural effects on abundance estimates, auxiliary archival tagging experiments, conducted since 2007, focused on the presence and surface availability of ABFT during the aerial surveys, and aimed to identify factors influencing these variables. The data gained from these experiments demonstrated seasonal changes in the migratory behaviour of ABFT, but also a high area and surface presence of ABFT in the study zone during the survey period (August–October), supporting the reliability of the abundance index. Surface presence of ABFT decreased with the breakdown of the thermal stratification of the water column (mid-November), when the fish left the survey zone and moved South. By contrast, deep diving behaviour was particularly frequent during months of high biological productivity (February--May), although deep and unusual long spike dives were also observed during late summer in relation to thermal fronts. However, the variability in the migration patterns indicates a strong opportunistic component in both, the horizontal and vertical behaviour of ABFT, probably related to the availability of food resources. Apart from ABFT, the aerial surveys also allowed an abundance monitoring of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) as well as an analysis of their co-occurrence with ABFT. In fact, similar to ABFT, the presence of these species appeared to be related to the high productivity and mesoscale activity of the study zone, improving our understanding of their habitat use, essential for the conservation of these much less abundant and endangered species. Regarding the stock assessment of ABFT, the results gained through this thesis prove the feasibility to derive robust fishery independent abundance indicators for ABFT through aerial surveys, providing the theoretical and methodological background for an extension of these efforts for a more sustainable management of the stocks of this species
29
Rayment, William J., and n/a. "Distribution and ranging of Hector�s dolphins : implications for protected area design." University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090227.161621.
Full textAbstract:
The efficacy of a Marine Protected Area (MPA) is contingent on it having a design appropriate for the species it is intended to protect. Hector�s dolphin (Cephalorhynchus hectori), a coastal delphinid endemic to New Zealand, is endangered due to bycatch in gillnets. Analyses of survival rate and population viability suggest that the Banks Peninsula population is most likely still declining despite the presence of the Banks Peninsula Marine Mammal Sanctuary (BPMMS), where gillnetting is regulated. More data on distribution and movements of dolphins are therefore required to improve the design of the BPMMS. On aerial surveys of Hector�s dolphin distribution at Banks Peninsula over three years, sightings were made up to 19 n.mi. offshore. On average, 19% of dolphins were sighted outside the BPMMS�s 4 n.mi. offshore boundary in summer, compared to 56% in winter. On similar surveys of the South Island�s west coast, all dolphins were sighted within 6 n.mi. of the coast and there was no seasonal change in distribution. At each location, Mantel tests indicated that distance offshore had the strongest and most consistent effect on distribution. However, a logistic regression model using the combined datasets suggested that distribution was most strongly defined by water depth, with all sightings made inside the 90 m isobath. Boat surveys were carried out at Banks Peninsula (2002 to 2006) to continue the long-term photo-ID project. Using the 22 year dataset, alongshore home-range of the 20 most frequently sighted dolphins was estimated by univariate kernel methods. Mean alongshore range was 49.69 km (SE = 5.29), 60% larger than the previous estimate. Fifteen percent of these individuals had ranges extending beyond the northern boundary of the BPMMS. An acoustic data logger, the T-POD, was trialled for passive acoustic monitoring of Hector�s dolphins. Simultaneous T-POD/theodolite surveys revealed that T-PODs reliably detected dolphins within 200m. No detections were made beyond 500m. To monitor inshore habitat use, T-PODs were deployed in three locations at Banks Peninsula (n = 431 days). A GLM analysis of Detection Positive Minutes (DPM) per day indicated that season had the largest effect on detection rate, with over twice as many DPMs per day in summer (x̄ = 99.8) as winter (x̄ = 47.6). The new findings on Hector�s dolphin distribution and ranging can be used to improve the design of the BPMMS. It is recommended that the offshore boundary of the BPMMS is extended to 20 n.mi. (37 km), the northern boundary is moved 12 km north and recreational gillnetting is prohibited year round. In areas where distribution of Hector�s dolphin has not been studied, the offshore boundary of MPAs should enclose the 100 m isobath.
30
James, Michael Charles. "Distribution of the leatherback turtle, Dermochelys coriacea, in Atlantic Canada, evidence from an observer program, aerial surveys, and a volunteer network of fish harvesters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0028/MQ51997.pdf.
Full text
31
Suzacq, Lucía de la Paz. "Changes in abundance and distribution of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in Hervey Bay Marine Park, Australia, based on aerial surveys conducted in 1992 and 2004." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001940.
Full text
32
Suzacq, LucÃa de la Paz. "Changes in abundance and distribution of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae in Hervey Bay Marine Park, Australia, based on aerial surveys conducted in 1992 and 2004." Scholar Commons, 2007. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2380.
Full textAbstract:
Aerial surveys were conducted throughout Hervey Bay Marine Park between August and October 1992 and 2004 to determine changes in abundance and distribution of the Eastern Australia humpback whale population in this area. Due to concerns about possible effects of boat traffic on whale distributions associated with a growing whale watching industry, the number and location of vessels were also recorded during these surveys. Throughout the 1992 season, 17 flights were conducted and a total of 41.93 surveys hours were completed, recording 186 pods, and a total of 320 animals. In addition, 392 boats were spotted in the area. During 2004, 10 flights took place with a total of 23.56 survey hours, 203 pods were sighted and a total 388 animals were recorded. In addition 216 boats were spotted in the study area.Results suggested an overall increase in the density of whale sightings from 1992 to 2004. By comparing total numbers for both years normalized to the number of survey hours, it can be seen that the total number of pods and the total number of individuals both increased. In 1992, with 7 more flights and an extra 10 hours on survey, the total number of pods and the total number of whales observed were less than in 2004. The composition of the pods showed a variation throughout both seasons consistent with a known distinctive temporal segregation of humpback whales on their annual migration. The percentage of calves was higher in 2004 than in 1992 consistent with the overall recovery of the eastern Australia population.Boat traffic did not show an effect on whale distributions in either year of the study. However this work provides a baseline for continuing to monitor boat traffic and whale distributions to help ensure that the east Australia whale population will continue to recover together with a sustainable growing whale watching industry.
33
Jodry, Réal. "La télédétection multibande aéroportée MEIS II et DAEDALUS MSS appliquée à la cartographie forestière de la station Simoncouche /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1996. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full text
34
Silva, Hugo Amancio Sales 1988. "Dinâmica da paisagem na microbacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, oeste do estado do Pará /." Botucatu:, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93827.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sérgio CamposBanca: Ellen Fitipaldi Brasilio Carrega
Banca: Maria Nazaré Martins Maciel
Resumo: Atualmente, as questões conservacionistas têm sido discutidas com grande ênfase pela sociedade em geral, principalmente sobre a paisagem amazônica. Dentro desse contexto está a bacia hidrográfica do rio Mojuí, localizada nos municípios de Santarém e Belterra, no estado do Pará. Esta vem sofrendo constantes explorações dos seus recursos naturais, principalmente devido à conversão de áreas com florestas em áreas agrícolas, principalmente para cultivo da soja. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar, mapear e quantificar, em escala de semi detalhe, as áreas das classes de cobertura vegetal e uso da terr0a no período de 11 anos, com o uso de imagens LANDSAT, órbita/ pontos 227/62, bandas TM 3, 4 e 5, referentes aos anos de 1999, 2005 e 2010, a dinâmica da paisagem na região. A seleção das imagens foi determinada considerando-se o período climático semelhante, com as mesmas circunstâncias de iluminação e cobertura de nuvens. Os limites da bacia foram estabelecidos pelos divisores topográficos que formam a área que drena para um ponto específico. Baseando-se nos dados obtidos no levantamento de campo e com o suporte da fotointerpretação das cenas dos sensores nos anos estabelecidos pela pesquisa, foi definida uma legenda temática para classificação da vegetação e uso do solo na bacia, sendo identificadas sete formas de coberturas vegetais e uso do solo na área de abrangência da bacia. Foram estabelecidas as seguintes classes de cobertura do solo ...
Abstract: Currently, conservation issues have been discussed with great emphasis by society in general, especially on the Amazon landscape. Within this context is Mojuí River watershed, located in the cities of Santarém and Belterra, in the state of Pará This comes under constant exploration of natural resources, mainly due to conversion of forest areas into agricultural areas, mainly for soybeans cultivation. The aim of this study was to characterize and quantify mapping , semi -scale detail , the areas of vegetation cover classes and land use in the period of 11 years as use of LANDSAT , orbit / points 227/62 , TM bands 3 , 4:05 , for the years 1999 , 2005 and 4 2010 , the landscape dynamics in the region . The selection of images was determined considering the similar climatic period, with the same lighting conditions and cloud cover. The boundaries of the basin were established by dividers that form the topographic area that drains to a specific point. Based on the data obtained in the field survey and with the support of photointerpretation the scenes of the sensors in the years established by research, has defined a thematic caption for vegetation classification and land use in the basin, identified seven forms of vegetation and land use in the catchment area of the basin. We defined the following classes of land cover: Rain Forest , Secondary Succession , Alluvial Rain Forest , Grassland , Degraded Grassland , Agriculture and Water Bodies . During the research it was observed that the Moju river watershed has lost 221.73 km² of natural vegetation cover (dense ombrophilous forest, alluvial dense ombrophilous forest). Until 1999 the dense ombrophilous forest class was the largest present at the watershed, however from 2005 on the agricultural class became the largest at that location, with an increase of approximately 518.11% of the initial research area. When the results were analyzed more ...
Mestre
35
Mannocci, Laura. "Distribution of cetaceans and seabirds in tropical oceans : roles of physiographic, oceanographic and biological factors." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LAROS419/document.
Full textAbstract:
Les prédateurs marins supérieurs, ici les cétacés et les oiseaux marins, doivent développer des stratégies optimales d’utilisation des ressources et des habitats. Notre objectif était d’explorer leurs habitats en fonction de leurs coûts de vie. Nous avons postulé que les prédateurs coûteux étaient contraints d’occuper les habitats de meilleure qualité alors que les prédateurs plus économes pouvaient occuper les habitats de qualité moindre. Nous nous sommes basés sur des guildes de cétacés et oiseaux définies selon leurs coûts de vie et les observations de survols aériens dans trois régions tropicales (l’Atlantique Ouest tropical, le Sud Ouest de l’Océan Indien et la Polynésie française). Nous avons construit des modèles additifs généralisés à partir de variables physiographiques (ex : profondeur), océanographiques (ex : activité tourbillonnaire) et biologiques (ex : chlorophylle et micronecton) pour décrire la qualité des habitats. Nous avons d’abord modélisé les habitats des cétacés et oiseaux à l’échelle régionale. Les cétacés coûteux occupaient les habitats de meilleure qualité alors que les cétacés plus économes occupaient aussi les habitats de qualité moindre. La distribution des oiseaux reflétait principalement celle des colonies et leur dépendance à la qualité de l’habitat semblait moins claire. Nous avons ensuite mis en évidence des propriétés génériques de distribution des cétacés et fourni des prédictions circumtropicales. Cette thèse a donné un nouvel aperçu des stratégies d’utilisation des habitats des prédateurs supérieurs à la lumière de leurs coûts de vie. Ces prédictions spatiales ont des implications majeures pour la gestion de ces espèces et de leurs écosystèmesMarine top predators, here cetaceans and seabirds, must develop optimal strategies of resource and habitat utilization. The main goal of this dissertation was to investigate cetacean and seabird strategies of habitat utilization in relation to their energetic costs of living. We hypothesized that predators with high costs of living should be constrained to high quality habitats, whereas less active predators could cope with habitats of lesser quality. We studied the habitats of cetacean and seabird guilds defined according to their likely costs of living. We relied on sightings collected from aerial surveys in three tropical regions (the western tropical Atlantic, the Southwest Indian Ocean and French Polynesia). We built generalized additive models based on a range of physiographic (e.g. depth), oceanographic (e.g. mesoscale activity) and biological variables (e.g. chlorophyll concentration and micronekton) to describe the quality of pelagic habitats. We first modeled cetacean and seabird habitats at the regional scale. Energetically costly cetaceans appeared to be constrained to the highest quality habitats, whereas less active cetaceans exploited habitats of lesser quality. Seabird distributions primarily reflected colony locations and their dependences on habitat quality were less clear. We then highlighted generic properties of cetacean distributions and provided predictions at the circumtropical scale. This dissertation gave new insights on top predator strategies of habitats utilization in light of their costs of living. These spatial predictions have significant implications for the management of these species and of their pelagic ecosystems
36
Sattelberger, Danielle C. "Seasonal Warm-Water Refuge and Sanctuary Usage by the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) in Kings Bay, Citrus County, Florida." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/43.
Full textAbstract:
The largest Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) aggregation at a natural warm-water refuge occurs in Kings Bay, Crystal River, FL. Over the last 32 years, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the State of Florida have created a network of manatee protection areas within Kings Bay including a year-round refuge designation and seven Federal manatee sanctuaries during the winter manatee season (November 15 – March 31). Aerial survey data collected between 1983 and 2012 was used to examine the seasonal change in manatee distribution within Kings Bay in order to assess the effectiveness of current sanctuary sizes and locations. Regression analysis indicated a significant change in manatee abundance among the winter seasons (p < 0.05). The average winter manatee counts increased by 4.81 animals per year over the 30 year period. In contrast, no significant changes in average or peak manatee abundance was detected among the summer seasons (p = 0.71 and p = 0.45 respectively). The average manatee counts increased by only 0.109 animals per year over the summer periods. Spatially explicit models using Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis revealed a strong correlation between high manatee density and artesian springs during the winter seasons. Highest abundances were identified at three locations: King’s Spring, Three Sisters Springs, and Magnolia Springs. These three locations coincide well with pre-existing sanctuary designations, but additional coverage is needed to support the overflow of manatees outside of sanctuary boundaries. Manatees continued to use Kings Bay in the summer seasons but in lower numbers and densities. Because density patterns were not uniform across summer periods, a heavier reliance on boat speed regulation is recommended to provide adequate protection to the endangered Florida manatee. Within a habitat type, the Magnolia Springs, South Banana Island, and Three Sisters Springs sanctuaries exhibited a significant influence on manatee density, suggesting differences in quality among sanctuaries. Years coinciding with extreme cold weather events also had a significant influence on manatee density. Using GIS to investigate seasonal shifts in manatees can be very informative regarding many issues including habitat selection and may improve the design and management of protected areas.
37
Linhares, Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida. "Uso de veículo aéreo não tripulado na determinação de Índice de vegetação em área de pastagem em Nova Mutum-MT." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5956.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2016-08-17T20:54:27Z
No. of bitstreams: 2
Dissertação - Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida Linhares - 2016.pdf: 5918802 bytes, checksum: cc18441a8f9fd258681505cc840eb5cf (MD5)
license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-08-18T12:45:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida Linhares - 2016.pdf: 5918802 bytes, checksum: cc18441a8f9fd258681505cc840eb5cf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T12:45:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Mayklyns Marcos de Almeida Linhares - 2016.pdf: 5918802 bytes, checksum: cc18441a8f9fd258681505cc840eb5cf (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-15
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) used to analysis of cultivated pasture areas. This evaluation was based on the comparison between the products of Vegetation Index calculated by orthomosaics from photos acquired by a UAV and the Percentage of Green collected in the ground level. The UAV Vegetation Index was the Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index (MPRI). It was held also a comparison between the Vegetation Indexes obtained with the UAV and an orbital platform being these the MPRI and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) respectively. The data were collected monthly between July and December 2014. For comparison between the Percentage of Green and the MPRI was used 25 samples distributed along of transect established in ground level into the pasture area. For comparison between MPRI and NDVI other 15 samples were distributed along of the pasture area. The Percentage of Green relied on vertical photos acquired in the ground level. The MPRI resulted from aerial surveys done by UAV’s model “TIRIBA” that used the Canon PowerShot S100 camera coupled. The orthomosaics from aerial photos acquired on aerial surveys were generated in the Agisoft PhotoScan to calculate the MPRI after. The NDVI was calculated from surface reflectance images acquired by Landsat-8 satellite. Has been observed that Percentage of Green and MPRI are correlated and the same to be observed for MPRI and NDVI. There is also relationship in behavior of these products over time so was possible to conclude that both products could provide the necessary information for the characterization of the development of pasture between July and December 2014. Both products – Percentage of Green, MPRI and NDVI – feature advantages and limitations: the Percentage of Green is most sensitive for the changes into the pasture because of their detail high level (spatial resolution) but doesn’t have the income that the MPRI/UAV has and not provide the analysis of the whole area being necessary use to sampling; the MPRI/UAV has a higher sensitivity to record of the behavior of pasture when compared to NDVI/Landsat-8 bus the gain in the area imaged by orbital platform should not be disregarded. The correlation between Percentage of Green and MPRI and between MPRI and NDVI also suggests that these products can be used in conjunction to perform the monitoring of pasture areas.
Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar o desempenho de um Veículo Aéreo Não Tripulado (VANT) quando destinado à análise de áreas com pastagem cultivada. Tal avaliação teve por base a comparação entre o produto de Índice de Vegetação, calculado por intermédio de ortomosaicos de fotografias adquiridas por um VANT, e o parâmetro de Percentual de Verde coletado em solo. O Índice de Vegetação calculado com os dados do VANT foi o Modified Photochemical Reflectance Index (MPRI). Foi realizada também uma comparação entre os Índices de Vegetação obtidos com o VANT e por plataforma orbital, sendo esses índices o MPRI e o Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), respectivamente. A coleta de dados foi realizada mensalmente entre julho e dezembro de 2014. Para a comparação entre o Percentual de Verde e o MPRI foram utilizadas 25 amostras distribuídas ao longo de um transecto estabelecido em solo. Para a comparação entre o MPRI e o NDVI foram utilizadas outras 15 amostras, distribuídas ao longo da área da pastagem. O Percentual de Verde se baseou em fotografias verticais obtidas em nível de solo. Já o MPRI resultou de aerolevantamentos com um VANT modelo TIRIBA, embarcado com uma câmera Canon PowerShot S100. Os ortomosaicos que serviram de base para o cálculo do MPRI foram gerados no programa Agisoft PhotoScan. O NDVI foi calculado com base em imagens de reflectância da superfície adquiridas pelo satélite Landsat-8. Como resultados observou-se que há correlação entre o Percentual de Verde e o MPRI, bem como entre o MPRI e o NDVI. Há também relação no comportamento desses produtos ao longo do tempo, de forma que foi possível concluir que ambos poderiam subsidiar as informações necessárias para a caracterização do desenvolvimento da pastagem em questão entre julho e dezembro de 2014. Concluiu-se ainda que ambos os produtos apresentam vantagens e limitações: o Percentual de Verde, em virtude de seu detalhamento (resolução espacial), é o mais sensível as alterações na pastagem, mas não tem o rendimento que o MPRI/VANT agrega por viabilizar a análise da área no todo, o que dispensa amostragem; o MPRI/VANT tem maior sensibilidade se comparado ao NDVI/Landsat-8 no registro do comportamento da pastagem, mas o ganho em área imageada pelo satélite não deve ser desconsiderado. A correlação entre o Percentual de Verde e o MPRI e entre o MPRI e o NDVI sugere também que esses produtos possam ser utilizados em conjunto no monitoramento de áreas de pastagens.
38
Jiang, Zhuojun. "Incorporating image-based data in AADT estimation methodology and numerical investigation of increased accuracy /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1123724063.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 184 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 158-167). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
39
Figueiredo, Luciana Castilho de. "Efeitos da pressão positiva continua nas vias aereas aplicada durantes a circulação extracorporea na troca gasosa pulmonar no pos-operatorio de cirurgia de revascularização miocardica." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311996.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Sebastião AraujoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T08:30:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Figueiredo_LucianaCastilhode_D.pdf: 2533700 bytes, checksum: 33bede305be3c550ada42648ae70b2f1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008
ResumoObjetivo: Comparar os índices de trocas gasosas no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos à revascularização do miocárdio (RM) que receberam ou não pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) durante a circulação extracorpórea (CEC). Método: Trinta pacientes adultos submetidos à RM com CEC no período de março a setembro de 2005 foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos: CPAP (n=15), pacientes que utilizaram CPAP a 10 cmH2O durante a CEC, e controle (n=15), pacientes que não utilizaram CPAP. Foram analisados a PaO2/FiO2 e o P(A-a)O2 em quatro momentos: Pré (logo antes da CEC, com FiO2 = 1,0); Pós (30min pós-CEC, com FiO2 = 1,0); PO imediato (12h após a cirurgia, com FiO2 = 0,4 utilizando máscara facial) e 1º PO (24 horas após a cirurgia, com FiO2 = 0,5 utilizando máscara facial). Resultados: A PaO2/FiO2 e o P(A-a)O2 mostraram uma piora significativa no decorrer do tempo dentro de cada grupo, porém sem diferenças significativas entre os grupos em nenhum momento. Quando a PaO2/FiO2 foi subdividida em três categorias, foi observada uma maior prevalência de pacientes do grupo CPAP com valores acima de 200mmHg (p=0,02) apenas no momento Pós (30min pós-CEC). Conclusão: O uso de CPAP de 10cmH2O durante a CEC, muito embora tenha resultado em melhores valores na PaO2/FiO2 30 minutos pós-CEC, não resultou em benefícios duradouros nas trocas gasosas durante o PO. Concluiu-se que, em pacientes submetidos à RM, a aplicação de CPAP 10cmH2O não melhora significativamente as trocas gasosas pulmonares no pós-operatório.
Abstract: Objective: To compare postoperative (PO) pulmonary gas exchange indexes in patients submitted to myocardial revascularization (MR) with or without the application of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: Thirty adult patients submitted to MR with CPB between March and September 2005 were randomly allocated to two groups: CPAP (n=15), patients that received CPAP at 10 cmH2O during CPB, and control (n=15), patients that didn't receive CPAP. PaO2/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 were analyzed at four moments: Pre (just before CPB, with FiO2 = 1.0 ); Post (30min post-CPB, with FiO2 = 1.0); immediate PO period (12h post-surgery, with FiO2 = 0.4 by a facial mask) and first PO day (24h post-surgery, with FiO2 = 0.5 by a facial mask). Results: PaO2/FiO2 and P(A-a)O2 tend to get significantly worst as time elapsed during the postoperative period in both groups, but no differences were observed between them at any moment. When PaO2/FiO2 was subdivided into three categories, a greater prevalence of patients with values greater than 200 mmHg were observed in CPAP group only at moment Post (30min post-CPB; p = 0.02). Conclusion: CPAP at 10 cmH2O administered during CPB, although had lightly improved PaO2/FiO2 at 30 minutes post-CPB, had no significant sustained effect on postoperative pulmonary gas exchange. It was concluded that in patients submitted to MR, application of 10 cmH2O CPAP does not improve postoperative pulmonary gas exchange.
Doutorado
Pesquisa Experimental
Doutor em Cirurgia
40
Roceto, Lígia dos Santos 1982. "Efeitos da aplicação da pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas no pós-operatório de ressecção pulmonar por neoplasia." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309752.
Full textAbstract:
Orientadores: Ivan Felizardo Contrera Toro, Ivete Alonso Bredda SaadDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T12:35:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roceto_LigiadosSantos_M.pdf: 1407131 bytes, checksum: 75d349f618530f2bd3849d582a7deaa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Introdução: A aplicação de ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) no período pós-operatório (POS) pode restaurar a capacidade residual funcional, melhorar a oxigenação e poupar os músculos inspiratórios. Objetivos: Verificar e comparar a evolução de variáveis espirométricas, da gasometria arterial, do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE), da dispneia e do relato de dor, além do tempo de permanência e borbulhamento dos drenos torácicos em dois grupos no POS de ressecção pulmonar: fisioterapia respiratória convencional (FRC) e a associação desta à pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP). Método: Estudo prospectivo, intervencionista e não randomizado. A avaliação pré-operatória (PRE) constituiu-se da execução da Prova de Função Pulmonar (PFP), da gasometria arterial, do PFE e relato de dispneia, além da realização de espirometria de incentivo, e orientações quanto ao procedimento cirúrgico. Os atendimentos nos grupos FRC e CPAP foram realizados no POS imediato (POSi), primeiro e segundo POS (POS 1, POS2), e a reavaliação na alta hospitalar ou quinto POS . A VMNI foi aplicada durante duas horas e o ajuste pressórico estabelecido entre 7 e 8,5 cmH2O, sendo aumentado conforme tolerância do paciente. Foram analisados o Índice de Oxigenação (IO), relato de dor, presença e borbulhamento dos drenos, e as mesmas variáveis do PRE. Resultados: Houve diferença, entre os grupos, no borbulhamento do dreno anterior no POSi e POS1 (p=0,001 e p=0,012), e para o dreno posterior no POSi (p=0,036). Na análise intra grupo (FRC) verificou-se redução do IO entre PRE e POS1 (p=0,042), e, inter grupo houve aumento no grupo CPAP no POSi (p=0,035). Não houve diferenças significativas entre os dois grupos com relação à escala analógica de dor. Ao se verificar a dispneia no POSi e POS1 observaram-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos (p<0,001). Na análise entre os períodos observaram-se reduções significativas do VEF1 e CVF em ambos os grupos, com p<0,001. O PFE não apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos (p=0,064). Conclusão: A aplicação preventiva da CPAP no POS de ressecção pulmonar proporcionou melhora da oxigenação sem aumento da perda aérea pelos drenos de tórax
Abstract: Introduction: The application of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) during the postoperative period (POS) can restore functional residual capacity, improve oxygenation and spare inspiratory muscles. Objectives: To determine and compare the evolution of spirometric variables, blood gases, peak expiratory flow (PEF), dyspnea and report of pain, and length of stay and bubbling of chest tubes in two postoperative groups of lung resection: chest physiotherapy (CP) and its association with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). Method: Prospective, and not randomized controlled trial. The preoperative evaluation (PRE) consisted of collection of Pulmonary Function Test, arterial blood gas analysis, the report of dyspnea, PEF, and performing such incentive spirometry, and information about the surgical procedure. Primary care groups CP and CPAP were performed in the immediately POS (POSi), first and second POS (POS1, POS2), and reassessment on discharge or fifth POS. NIV was applied for two hours and the pressure adjustment set between 7 and 8.5 cmH2O, and it was increased as the patient's tolerance. Were analyzed the oxygenation index (OI), reporting pain, presence and bubbling of drains, and the same variables from PRE. Results: There were differences between groups in the bubbling of the anterior drain in POSi and POS1, (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012), and for the posterior drain just in POSi (p = 0.036). In intra-group analysis (CP) showed a reduction of OI between PRE and POS1 (p = 0.042), and inter group increased in the CPAP group in the POSi (p = 0.035). There were no significant differences between the two groups to analog pain scale. For the dyspnea in POSi and POS1 were observed significant differences between groups (p <0.001). In the analysis between the periods observed significant reductions in FEV1 and FVC in both groups, p <0.001. The PEF was not significantly different between groups (p = 0.064). Conclusion: The application of CPAP in preventive postoperative pulmonary resection resulted in improved oxygenation without increasing air leaks through the thoracic drains
Mestrado
Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica
Mestre em Ciências
41
Liu, Ting-Yu, and 劉庭宇. "Application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on Image Analysis of Landscape Survey." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a295ut.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
景觀與遊憩碩士學位學程
106
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle is called UAV for short. The advantage of UVA is the flying height is lower than the aircraft, and the ground image with high resolution can be obtained, and the image quality is not easily reduced by the cloud cover; the application value for landscape, architecture and civil engineering is quite high. Using UAV for close-up photography, it can scan and record quickly and accurately, accurately measure the size and height of objects, and make fine 3D models. It can also generate three-dimensional virtual space through computer calculation. This study takes UVA-assisted landscape survey as the starting point, and selects the common topography of Taiwan: plain, mountain, hills, valley and other topographies, and chooses: the coastal plain of Dayou Community, Puyan Township, Changhua County, and Xiluo Town, Yunlin County. Xing Community, Nanshili (Southern Section), Heping District, Taichung City, Longmu Community, Dashu District, Kaohsiung City, and Gongluoping Community, Nanxili Town, Fengyuan District, Taichung City, and other research sites, with UAV close-up photography to explore UAV route planning For the influence of the quality of orthophotos and the construction of the three-dimensional model, the following is an example of the old Laoping community in Nanzhao, Fengyuan District, Taichung City, which has the best quality of orthophotos and 3D models. The landscape planning configuration scheme is simulated, and then the panoramic image of the landscape visual dynamic simulation is imported into the VeeR virtual reality platform. Further research on landscape surveys with UAVs, image analysis and application, and comparison with traditional landscape surveys. Based on the best results of the Institute, (1) the process of landscape survey with unmanned vehicles, (2) the route plan for the best orthophotos and 3D models for landscape surveys with unmanned vehicles, (3) Taking pictures of unmanned vehicles, dynamic simulation of landscape visualization, implementation of virtual and real integration, (4) comparison of traditional landscape surveys and landscape surveys with unmanned vehicles. Through this research, it is found that applying UAV to landscape survey can assist in surveying and understanding the current situation of the survey base and rapid production of maps. The photographs can be applied not only to the landscape planning simulation configuration, but also to the natural environment elements in the landscape survey objects: for example, topography, water system, slope, aspect, etc., to analyze the drainage direction and the catchment area; Environmental factors: for example, land use, transportation, construction of buildings, planting range and analysis of primary and secondary traffic lines; human environmental elements: such as historical sites, to identify the year and scope of the construction and to carry out the design, design, color, texture, etc. Analysis and simultaneous UAV-assisted landscape survey can also improve survey accuracy, reduce expenses, save manpower and time, increase the safety of investigators, and contribute to the realization of digital landscape design.
42
Mnyengeza, Mnqweno. "Analyzing an orthophoto mapping system using system analysis, SWOT and client satisfaction survey : a case study of the Chief Directorate of Surveys and Mapping, Republic of South Africa." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/707.
Full text
43
Hart, William Scott. "Use of Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Transportation Infrastructure Condition Surveys." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2010-12-8606.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis provides an assessment of the effectiveness of micro unmanned aerial vehicles (MUAVs) as a tool for collecting condition data for transportation infrastructure based on multiple field experiments. The primary experiment entails performing a level of service (LOS) condition assessment on multiple roadside sample units at various locations across the state of Texas. A secondary field experiment entails performing a pavement condition index (PCI) survey on airfield pavements. The condition of these sample units were assessed twice: onsite (i.e., ground truth) and by observing digital images (still and video) collected via a MUAV. The results of these surveys are then analyzed to determine if there are statistically significant differences in the standard deviation and mean values of the condition ratings. This study shows that in favorable site conditions, the MUAV demonstrates promise for improving current roadway inspection methods. However, limitations of the MUAVs field performance show that there is need for improvement in this technology before it can be implemented.
44
Roessingh, Krista. "Nesting habitat and diet studies of sandhill cranes (Grus canadensis) from the central and north coast of British Columbia." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/4168.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to document the occurrence, habitat, and diet of sandhill cranes that breed in coastal British Columbia, a population believed to belong to the subspecies rowani. Specific objectives were to: 1) locate cranes and their nests in selected coastal areas of the central and north coasts (5138’N, 12805’W - 5400’N, 13037’W) and foster observer expertise in conducting aerial crane surveys; 2) describe sandhill crane nest habitat using a range of stand- and site-level characteristics; and, 3) identify diet content of breeding cranes from faecal samples. Helicopter surveys were conducted within 1.5 km of the coastline during May 2007 and 2008. Twenty nest sites were visited in 2008 to collect data on nest habitat characteristics. Satellite imagery was used to measure stand-level and landscape features for 29 nests. Faecal samples were collected at 6 nest and roost sites. During the 2008 survey, 104 cranes and 19 nests were counted over a 430 km2 area (average survey effort = 2.0 km2/min.). Crane nests were located in bog habitat, while cranes frequented bogs, shorelines, and marshes. Nests were in bog pools under 0.5 ha in size with the exception of one that occured in a 1.2 ha beaver-dammed pond (median = 0.10 ha, inter-quartile range (IQR) = 0.037 – 0.17 ha, n = 29), and had median water depth of 56 cm around nest islets (IQR = 49 – 77 cm, n = 21). Bog pools were in forest or woodland bog openings with median distance from the pool edge to the nearest treeline of 46 m (IQR – 24 – 160 m, n = 25) and median forest buffer width of 150 m (IQR = 93 – 260 m, n = 25). Forested habitat may serve as a corridor for cranes with pre-fledged young connecting bog nest and roost sites with shoreline foraging areas. Median distance from nest to shoreline was 400 m (IQR = 200 – 500 m, n = 28). Food items characteristic of faecal samples (n = 138) included mussel (Mytilus edulis), periwinkle (Littorina littorea) and limpet shells, insects, sedge (Carex spp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum), plant remains, and crab remains. Changes in the probability of observing periwinkle and limpet in samples were observed between sites, while the frequency of occurrence of insects differed between time periods and that of sedge, crowberry, and mussels differed between time periods and sites. Sandhill cranes were sparsely distributed on inner and outer coastal islands with bog nesting habitat and sheltered intertidal foraging habitat.Graduate
45
Khumalo, Bheki Romeo. "Goldmine tailings : a remote sensing survey." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/23482.
Full textAbstract:
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Science,
University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Science in Environmental SciencePollution originating from mine tailings is currently one of the environmental problems South Africa has to deal with. Because of the large number of tailings impoundments and their changing status, authorities are battling to keep their records and controls up to date. This project is aimed at investigating the use of remote sensing as a way of conducting surveys of mine tailings efficiently, regularly and at a low cost. Mine tailings impoundments of the Witwatersrand in Gauteng provide an ideal study area because of the large number of tailings dams of different sizes and conditions and the availability of satellite images and aerial photographs covering the area. Tailings impoundments conditions are analysed through satellite images, airborne multi-spectral data and aerial photographs captured during the Safari 2000 dry season campaign. Remote sensing interpretation of colour composites of multi-spectral bands, Principal Components and supervised and unsupervised classifications are the methods of analysis used. The overall goal of the project has been achieved through the production of a comprehensive database of tailings impoundments and their rehabilitation status, in an accessible format, containing identity, coordinates, area, rehabilitation status and owner of each tailings impoundment, map them and end up with a comprehensive database of tailings impoundment on the Witwatersrand.
AC2017
46
Rebizant, Kenneth Joseph. "Seasonal range use, aerial survey observability and survivorship of male elk (Cervus elaphus manitobensis) in southwestern Manitoba." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3613.
Full textAbstract:
The cause of the low male to antlerless elk ratios observed during winter aerial surveys of an elk population in southwestern Manitoba were investigated. Eleven radio-transmittered male elk provided insight into seasonal range use, movements and activity, dispersal and survival of males in the Spruce Woods population. An evaluation of observability bias between male and antlerless elk during the surveys were also analyzed, as well as sex bias in the harvests of Indians and poachers. Though male elk generally were observed during the winter surveys in smaller groups than antlerless elk, a significant number of males were not missed by observers. When surveys were undertaken during good survey conditions all radio-transmittered male elk were sighted. Radio-transmittered male elk had large spring and fall ranges and smaller summer and wjnter ranges. Generally, immature males had larger seasonal ranges and were less likely to reuse established seasonal ranges than mature males. Immature male elk had greater distances between relocations and activity centers and undertook dispersal movements which increased their vulnerability to mortality factors. The survivorship of radio-transmittered males was low. Elk which inhabited the east side of the Spruce Woods park had higher mortality than elk which inhabited the military reserve. The elk harvests in the study area by poachers and Indians were bias favoring males. The low numbers of males was not an artifact of the survey method but attributed to differential natural mortality, dispersal of immature males and male bias Indian and poaching harvests.
47
Caveny, Robert J. "Estimating Distribution and Abundance of Rio Grande Wild Turkeys in South Texas." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-08-858.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable management of wildlife populations relies on accurate estimates of
population size as harvest recommendations are dependent on estimates of sustainable
surplus. Techniques for surveying wild turkey populations in Texas are constrained
by land access issues, requiring that new methods be developed for population
monitoring. I evaluated a combined approach using patch-occupancy modeling at
broad spatial scales and intensive double observer roost surveys at local scales to
estimate Rio Grande wild turkey (Meleagris gallapavo intermedia) distribution and
abundance.
I flew replicated aerial surveys during 2007 and 2008 to evaluate distribution
of Rio Grande wild turkeys in the south Texas Coastal Sand Plains. I used a double
observer approach to estimate local scale abundance. I used a single observer
approach to estimate temporal variation in roost use. Detection probabilities from
aerial surveys ranged between 0.24 (SE = 0.031) and 0.30 (SE = 0.083). Spatial
parameters that influenced distribution of wild turkeys included size of suitable
roosting habitat patches and distance to the nearest suitable roosting habitat. I conducted 100 inter-patch double observer roost counts, with counts ranging
between 0 to 183 individuals. Average detection probabilities for observers were
~0.90. Roost level occupancy was ~0.84 with detection probabilities between 0.69
(SE = 0.107) and 0.79 (SE = 0.091). Based on my results, aerial surveys combined
with local abundance estimation may be one viable alternative to monitor turkey
populations over large spatial scales, by reducing overall survey effort without loss of
estimated precision.
48
LIN, HSUAN-YI, and 林軒毅. "A Study on Interpretation of Surface Vegetation Patterns Based on Aerial Survey Imagery-Integrated Characteristics of Canopy Shadow and Gap." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s5rbhv.
Full textAbstract:
碩士逢甲大學
都市計畫與空間資訊學系
107
In recent years, the public has paid more attention on environmental sustainability and the preservation and maintenance of culture. The influence of forests on greenhouse gases in sustainable development is affirmed by international conventions, and reports on the preservation and maintenance of other related cultures also indicate the cultural layers of archaeological sites are mainly affected by land use, land cover and root systems of surface vegetations. Therefore, continuous monitoring of forest resources and land cover is very important. However, in the actual operation of the current situation, both on-site investigation and orthophoto interpretation require a lot of manpower and time.For this reason, it is necessary to improve the efficiencyof automated or semi-automatic investigation. This study developed a new research method to accelerate the interpretation of surface vegetation patterns (eg, spatial distribution of shadows and gaps) through semi-automated digital photogrammetryoperations, and then linked the corresponding database based on small-scale land cover and surface vegetation patterns from field survey. After the completion of the database construction, people can infer the most possible surface vegetation patterns by using quantitative indicators (e.g., shadows or gaps of canopy) extracted from aerial photographs. Landscape index and multivariate statistics were applied to classify the land cover type, and the effective indicators and optimal number of classifications were derived with two-stage cluster analysis. Finally, nearest neighbor analysis method were involved to evaluate database prediction ability with cluster analysis results. The research results showed that the apatial distribution of canopy gaps and shadows, and the GLCM(Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix) texture can effectly distinguish the land cover type and surface vegetation patterns, especially artificial forest, artificial facilities, naturally growed single tree species,and natural mixed broad-leave forests.. The results also showed best classification results when three types of characters were included simultaneously.Based on the above-mentioned characteristics and two-stage cluster analysis, Fengtoutou site with 20 types of land cover and surface vegetation pattern were tested by using 100 test samples (50m*50m), and reached 46% prediction accuracy. It performed better on artificial forestand facilities.
49
Thackway, Richard Malcom. "Analysis of techniques for mapping environments for fauna survey." Master's thesis, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/15431.
Full textAbstract:
A discussion of environmental land classification is presented for the purpose of surveying avifaunal communities.
Surveying and mapping land uses the term environment in a special sense. Environment can be mapped into regions whose components are interacting climate terrain, geology, soils and biota. The problem of how to describe the environment for sampling fauna requires an approach which samples the inherent and known variability of all environmental regions present. Discovery of patterns between fauna and environment provide the basis for understanding species/habitat relationships and provides a valuable basis for management or more detailed studies. Two environmental mapping methods commonly employed in faunal survey and management are systematic grids and natural landscape patterns; these were compared to determine their effectiveness for classifying the environment for sampling avifaunal communities.
A detailed study was undertaken between 1982-84 in a plot of 8km2 in the Tianjara area. The plot was chosen to encompass a representative sample of the wide range of environments described by Gunn (1985). Analysis of the systematic grids involved sampling a diverse set of environmental attributes into six different grid sizes, including 100m2, 200m2, 300m2, 400m2, 500m2 and 1000m2. Topographic maps and aerial photos provided the sources for measuring the attributes. Results of several analyses showed the 300m2 grid was the most appropriate for the Tianjara area. Analysis of natural landscape patterns involved adoption of the work done by Gunn et al (1984) and led to the preparation of a land unit map for the study plot. Detailed patterns were delineated in 1:27,000 scale air photos and described using the land unit descriptions in Gunn (1985).
Results from ground site samples taken to verify the two mapping bases showed that the correspondence between map and ground data was better for sites in systematic grids than for natural landscape patterns. Notwithstanding this, a better understanding of the effects of sampling specific patches of environment was gained from examining sites in natural landscape patterns because it employed a stratified representative sampling strategy, while the systematic grids used a centric systematic sampling strategy. The effect of this was large uniform patches of habitat tended to be more oversampled by sites in systematic grids than was observed for sites in natural landscape patterns.
Examination of the relationships between the sampling bases using analyses of environment was not possible because of the lack of sufficient sites in common between the two sampling bases. Comparison of the two sampling bases was, however, possible by using avifaunal data common to both sampling bases. Analysis of the relationships between avifaunal data and environmental groups showed only minor differences between the effectiveness of the two sampling bases to provide practical and realistic descriptions of environment for describing discrete assemblages of birds.
The overall conclusion of this study is that any environmental classification, so long as it is based on relevant attributes known to be important for environmental structure and processes, will provide a valuable basis for sampling fauna. A number of points need to be stressed regarding analyses of this type; care needs to be exercised in choosing surrogate environmental attributes between the mapping and ground site data and caution is required when allocating sampling sites to avoid overemphasising area of environmental groups as more important than the inherent variability of the attributes within the environmental groups. An understanding of this problem will greatly improve the nature of sampling fauna in environmental regions.
50
Hansen, Cody Robert Daniel. "Magnetic signature characterization of a fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)." Thesis, 2018. https://dspace.library.uvic.ca//handle/1828/10413.
Full textAbstract:
The use of magnetometers combined with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is an emerging market for commercial and military applications. This study presents the methodology used to magnetically characterize a novel fixed-wing vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV. The most challenging aspect of integrating magnetometers on manned or unmanned aircraft is minimizing the amount of magnetic noise generated by the aircraft’s onboard components. As magnetometer technology has improved in recent years magnetometer payloads have decreased in size. As a result, there has been an increase in opportunities to employ small to medium UAV with magnetometer applications. However, in comparison to manned aviation, small UAVs have smaller distance scales between sources of interference and sensors. Therefore, more robust magnetic characterization techniques are required specifically for UAVs. This characterization determined the most suitable position for the magnetometer payload by evaluating the aircraft’s static-field magnetic signature. For each aircraft component, the permanent and induced magnetic dipole moment characteristics were determined experimentally. These dipole characteristics were used to build three dimensional magnetic models of the aircraft. By assembling the dipoles in 3D space, analytical and numerical static-field solutions were obtained using MATLAB computational and COMSOL finite element analysis frameworks. Finally, Tolles and Lawson aeromagnetic compensation coefficients were computed and compared to evaluate the maneuver noise for various payload locations. The magnetic models were used to study the sensitivity of the aircraft configuration and to simultaneously predict the effects at potential sensor locations. The study concluded by predicting that a wingtip location was the area of lowest magnetic interference.Graduate