Relevant bibliographies by topics / Adverse infant health outcomes

Academic literature on the topic 'Adverse infant health outcomes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Adverse infant health outcomes"

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Singhal, Atul. "Long-Term Adverse Effects of Early Growth Acceleration or Catch-Up Growth." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 70, no. 3 (2017): 236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000464302.

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Background: Whilst prevention of growth faltering has both short- and long-term health benefits, whether too fast or accelerated infant growth adversely affects later health outcomes is controversial and a major focus of research. Summary: Many observational studies suggest that rapid weight gain in infancy (upward centile crossing) increases the long-term risk of obesity and non-communicable disease. This association has been seen in infants from low- and high-income countries, in infants born preterm or at term, and those born with normal or low birth weight for gestation. Experimental (randomized) studies in both breast- and formula-fed infants support a causal link between early growth acceleration and infant nutrition and later risk of obesity. These observations suggest that strategies to optimize the pattern of infant growth could make a major contribution to stemming the current global epidemic of non-communicable disease. Key Messages: The optimal pattern of infant weight gain is likely to differ in different populations. The benefits of rapid infant weight gain for later neurodevelopment favors the promotion of rapid growth in infants born preterm. However, growth acceleration in healthy infants born at term (either normal or low birth weight for gestation) is likely to have adverse effects for long-term health.
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Gondwe, Tamala, Kalpana Betha, G. N. Kusneniwar, Clareann H. Bunker, Gong Tang, Hyagriv Simhan, and Catherine L. Haggerty. "Adverse infant outcomes associated with caesarean section delivery in India." International Health 12, no. 5 (December 10, 2019): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/inthealth/ihz111.

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Abstract Background Caesarean section delivery is increasing worldwide and in India, yet little is known about the effect on infants. We examined the association between caesarean delivery and adverse infant outcomes in an Indian national survey, accounting for factors related to the mode of delivery. Methods Inverse probability weighted logistic regression analysis of the 2015–2016 India National Family Health Survey obtained adjusted ORs (aORs) and 95% CIs. Infant outcomes were maternal report of recent concomitant diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection (ARI) in infants age ≤6 mo and neonatal death. Results Of the 189 143 reported most recent singleton births, 15.4% were delivered by caesarean, 860 (3.2%) of all infants age ≤6 mo had concomitant diarrhoea and ARI and 3480 (1.8%) neonatal deaths were reported. In adjusted analysis, caesarean delivery was not associated with concomitant diarrhoea and ARI (aOR 0.96 [95% CI 0.71 to 1.32]) but was associated with neonatal death (aOR 1.19 [95% CI 1.02 to 1.39]). Conclusions Using nationally representative cross-sectional data for India, caesarean section delivery was found to be associated with neonatal death after accounting for factors associated with the mode of delivery. Prospective exploration of the relationship between caesarean delivery and adverse infant outcomes is warranted.
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Tang, Di, Xiangdong Gao, Mayvis Rebeira, and Peter C. Coyte. "Effects of Migration on Infant and Maternal Health in China." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (January 2019): 004695801988418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019884189.

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We assess the association between maternal migrant status and health outcomes in China, which has one of the world’s largest migrant populations. Health records from the Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2017, were used to analyze 104 681 live births for Shanghai native-born and migrant women based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes and demographic data. Regression analysis including propensity score matching was conducted to investigate the association between maternal migrant status and adverse infant birth outcomes (fetal disease, congenital malformation, neonatal disease) and maternal health after controlling for pregnancy status and socioeconomic factors. The results demonstrate that migrant women had statistically significant increased odds (9.1%-10%, P < .001) of having infants with adverse health outcomes compared with their urban counterparts and that migrant mothers have less likelihood of pregnancy complications and gestational diabetes mellitus. Our results show the mixed effects of migration on infant and maternal health may be a possible outcome of China’s Hukou system that often represents an important barrier in accessing prenatal health care by migrant women. Current reforms that improve access to prenatal health care services for migrant women may enhance the health outcomes of their infants.
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Ton, Thanh G. N., Mihoko V. Bennett, Devin Incerti, Desi Peneva, Maurice Druzin, Warren Stevens, Alexander J. Butwick, and Henry C. Lee. "Maternal and Infant Adverse Outcomes Associated with Mild and Severe Preeclampsia during the First Year after Delivery in the United States." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 04 (February 19, 2019): 398–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1679916.

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Objective The burden of preeclampsia severity on the health of mothers and infants during the first year after delivery is unclear, given the lack of population-based longitudinal studies in the United States. Study design We assessed maternal and infant adverse outcomes during the first year after delivery using population-based hospital discharge information merged with vital statistics and birth certificates of 2,021,013 linked maternal–infant births in California. We calculated sampling weights using the National Center for Health Statistics data to adjust for observed differences in maternal characteristics between California and the rest of the United States. Separately, we estimated the association between preeclampsia and gestational age and examined collider bias in models of preeclampsia and maternal and infant adverse outcomes. Results Compared with women without preeclampsia, women with mild and severe preeclampsia delivered 0.66 weeks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64, 0.68) and 2.74 weeks (95% CI: 2.72, 2.77) earlier, respectively. Mild preeclampsia was associated with an increased risk of having any maternal adverse outcome (relative risk [RR] = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.93, 1.97), as was severe preeclampsia (RR = 2.80; 95% CI: 2.78, 2.82). The risk of an infant adverse outcome was increased for severe preeclampsia (RR = 2.15; 95% CI: 2.14, 2.17) but only marginally for mild preeclampsia (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98, 1). Collider bias produced an inverse association for mild preeclampsia and attenuated the association for severe preeclampsia in models for any infant adverse outcome. Conclusion Using multiple datasets, we estimated that severe preeclampsia is associated with a higher risk of maternal and infant adverse outcomes compared with mild preeclampsia, including an earlier preterm delivery.
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Lakhoo, Darshnika Pemi, Helen Abigail Blake, Matthew Francis Chersich, Britt Nakstad, and Sari Kovats. "The Effect of High and Low Ambient Temperature on Infant Health: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159109.

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Children, and particularly infants, have physiological, anatomic, and social factors that increase vulnerability to temperature extremes. We performed a systematic review to explore the association between acute adverse infant outcomes (children 0–1 years) and exposure to high and low ambient temperatures. MEDLINE (Pubmed), Embase, CINAHL Plus, and Global Health were searched alongside the reference lists of key papers. We included published journal papers in English that assessed adverse infant outcomes related to short-term weather-related temperature exposure. Twenty-six studies met our inclusion criteria. Outcomes assessed included: infant mortality (n = 9), sudden infant death syndrome (n = 5), hospital visits or admissions (n = 5), infectious disease outcomes (n = 5), and neonatal conditions such as jaundice (n = 2). Higher temperatures were associated with increased risk of acute infant mortality, hospital admissions, and hand, foot, and mouth disease. Several studies identified low temperature impacts on infant mortality and episodes of respiratory disease. Findings on temperature risks for sudden infant death syndrome were inconsistent. Only five studies were conducted in low- or middle-income countries, and evidence on subpopulations and temperature-sensitive infectious diseases was limited. Public health measures are required to reduce the impacts of heat and cold on infant health.
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Leifheit, Kathryn M., Gabriel L. Schwartz, Craig E. Pollack, Kathryn J. Edin, Maureen M. Black, Jacky M. Jennings, and Keri N. Althoff. "Severe Housing Insecurity during Pregnancy: Association with Adverse Birth and Infant Outcomes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 21, 2020): 8659. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228659.

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Introduction: Housing insecurity is increasingly commonplace among disadvantaged women and children. We measured the individual- and population-level impact of severe housing insecurity during pregnancy on adverse birth and infant outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from 3428 mother–infant dyads enrolled in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a prospective cohort study representing births in 20 large U.S. cities from 1998 to 2000. Severe housing insecurity was defined as threatened eviction or homelessness during pregnancy. Outcomes included low birth weight and/or preterm birth, admission to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or stepdown facility, extended hospitalization after delivery, and infant health and temperament. We estimated exposure–outcome associations with risk ratios adjusted for pre-pregnancy maternal sociodemographic and heath factors and calculated a population attributable fraction (PAF) of outcomes attributable to severe housing insecurity. Results: We found statistically significant associations between severe housing insecurity during pregnancy and low birth weight and/or preterm birth (risk ratio (RR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28, 2.32), NICU or stepdown stay (RR 1.64, CI 1.17, 2.31), and extended hospitalization (RR 1.66, CI 1.28, 2.16). Associations between housing insecurity and infant fair or poor health (RR 2.62, CI 0.91, 7.48) and poor temperament (RR 1.52, CI 0.98, 2.34) were not statistically significant. PAF estimates ranged from 0.9–2.7%, suggesting that up to three percent of adverse birth and infant outcomes could be avoided by eliminating severe housing insecurity among low-income, pregnant women in US cities. Conclusions: Results suggest that housing insecurity during pregnancy shapes neonatal and infant health in disadvantaged urban families.
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Ciciolla, Lucia, Karina M. Shreffler, and Stacy Tiemeyer. "Maternal Childhood Adversity as a Risk for Perinatal Complications and NICU Hospitalization." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 46, no. 7 (July 20, 2021): 801–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab027.

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Abstract Objective To examine maternal childhood adversity in relation to increased risk for maternal and infant perinatal complications and newborn Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) admittance. Methods A sample of 164 women recruited at their first prenatal appointment participated in a longitudinal study through 6 weeks postdelivery. Participants self-reported on their adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), negative health risks (overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol use), adverse infant outcomes, NICU admittance, and maternal perinatal complications across three pregnancy assessments and one post-birth assessment. Logistic binomial regression analyses were used to examine associations between maternal ACEs and adverse infant outcomes, NICU admittance, and maternal perinatal complications, controlling for pregnancy-related health risks. Results Findings showed that women with severe ACEs exposure (6+ ACEs) had 4 times the odds of reporting at least one adverse infant outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 4.33, 95% CI: 1.02–18.39), almost 9 times the odds of reporting a NICU admission (OR = 8.70, 95% CI: 1.34–56.65), and 4 times the odds of reporting at least one maternal perinatal outcome (OR = 4.37, 95% CI: 1.43–13.39). Conclusions The findings demonstrate the extraordinary risk that mothers’ ACEs pose for infant and maternal health outcomes over and above the associations with known maternal health risks during pregnancy, including overweight/obesity, smoking, and alcohol use. These results support a biological intergenerational transmission framework, which suggests that risk from maternal adversity is perpetuated in the next generation through biophysical and behavioral mechanisms during pregnancy that negatively affect infant health outcomes.
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McMillen, Shasta A., Richard Dean, Eileen Dihardja, Peng Ji, and Bo Lönnerdal. "Benefits and Risks of Early Life Iron Supplementation." Nutrients 14, no. 20 (October 19, 2022): 4380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14204380.

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Infants are frequently supplemented with iron to prevent iron deficiency, but iron supplements may have adverse effects on infant health. Although iron supplements can be highly effective at improving iron status and preventing iron deficiency anemia, iron may adversely affect growth and development, and may increase risk for certain infections. Several reviews exist in this area; however, none has fully summarized all reported outcomes of iron supplementation during infancy. In this review, we summarize the risks and benefits of iron supplementation as they have been reported in controlled studies and in relevant animal models. Additionally, we discuss the mechanisms that may underly beneficial and adverse effects.
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Snapp, Carol A., and Sue K. Donaldson. "Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Physical Exercise and Health Outcomes." Biological Research For Nursing 10, no. 2 (October 2008): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800408323728.

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Purpose: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a serious complication of pregnancy associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes for both mother and infant. This study assesses the association of maternal exercise during GDM pregnancy and selected maternal and infant adverse GDM-related outcomes. The analysis uses information derived from the 1988 National Maternal Infant Health Survey (NMIHS) data. Methods: Women in the 1988 NMIHS database were identified and grouped as to having experienced a non-GDM (n = 2,952,482) or GDM (n = 105,600) pregnancy. Non-GDM and GDM groups were compared as to demographic and personal-attribute variables. The second part of this study focused on the women with GDM pregnancy, specifically a subset (n = 75,160) who met inclusion/exclusion criteria for the study of exercise during pregnancy. Each was categorized to either the exercise group or the nonexercise group. Results: The non-GDM and GDM groups of pregnant women were not different as to the variables studied, except that older age and increased body mass index (BMI) were associated with GDM pregnancy. For the study of exercise during GDM pregnancy, the only variable that was associated with the exercise group was size of the infant. Participants in the exercise group were less likely than those in the nonexercise group to have delivered a large for gestational age (LGA) infant (F [1, 4314] = 9.82, p = .0017). Implications: The results of this study suggest that moderate maternal leisure time physical exercise during GDM pregnancy may reduce the risk of delivery of an LGA infant.
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Okwaro Andale, Thomas, Onesmus Gachuno, and Theresa Odero Mary Awuor. "Uptake and outcomes of early infant male circumcision services in four counties in Western Kenya." African Health Sciences 21 (May 23, 2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v21i.10s.

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Background: Early Infant Male Circumcision (EIMC) is part of sustainable HIV prevention strategies in Kenya. The goals of the national EIMC program are to circumcise at least 40% of all newborn male infants delivered at hospitals offering the service and keep the rate of moderate and adverse events below 2%. Objectives: To determine the proportion of early male infants (age less than 60 days) born at hospitals in four counties of western Kenya who got circumcised and document the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) among those circumcised. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study involving all records for EIMC from 1st March 2014 through 31st March 2018 in four counties of western Kenya. Data analysis was done using EXEL to document proportion of facilities offering EIMC and compare EIMC uptake and outcomes in the four counties against the national goals for the program. Results: A mean of 4.3% of total health facilities offer EIMC in the region. Siaya had the highest proportion of facilities offering EIMC while Migori had the lowest proportion. Uptake of EIMC was low at 17.4% for all male infants born, far less than the anticipated target of 40%. Average adverse event rates were 0.3%. Conclusion: EIMC uptake remains low in this region of Kenya due to small number of health facilities offering the service. The proportion of circumcised early male infants born at the target health facilities is below the national target of 40% even though the rate of adverse events among those circumcised is acceptable. Keywords: Adverse event; circumcision; early male infant; uptake; western Kenya.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adverse infant health outcomes"

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Salemi, Jason Lee. "Elective Early Term Delivery and Adverse Infant Outcomes in a Population-Based Multiethnic Cohort." Scholar Commons, 2014. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5118.

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The length of human pregnancy, arguably the most natural of physiological processes, is undergoing subtle but consequential modification in order to adapt to modern societal demands. The gestational age distribution of births in the United States has been shifting to lower gestational ages over the past two decades, parallel to a concomitant rise in obstetrical intervention in pregnancy. The result has been an increase in elective deliveries at 37-38 weeks (early term). A population-based retrospective cohort study of over 616,000 live-born full-term singleton infants was conducted to investigate the association between elective early term delivery and subsequent infant morbidity, mortality, and health care utilization in the first year of life. Data were examined from a statewide, multi-year, clinically-enhanced database created by linking birth certificate records to maternal and infant hospital discharge records, and to infant death certificates, for all infants born to Florida-resident mothers from 2005-09. All infants delivered to mothers with an established medical condition that could have justified early delivery were excluded from the study, as it would not be possible to determine if an early delivery in those cases was elective or medically-necessary. Based on the timing and reason for delivery initiation, the study population was categorized into four exposure groups: 1) early electively induced delivery at 37-38 weeks (EED-I), 2) early elective cesarean delivery at 37-38 weeks (EED-CS), 3) early spontaneous delivery at 37-38 weeks (ESD), 4) early medically-indicated delivery at 37-38 weeks (EID). The comparison group consisted of all expectantly managed infants who were full term deliveries (FTD) at ≥39 weeks. Adverse infant outcomes in the first year of life included respiratory morbidities, neonatal sepsis, feeding difficulties, admission to the neonatal intensive care unit, the frequency and duration of hospital encounters, and infant mortality. Multivariable generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) or rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between exposure and each outcome, adjusting for maternal, infant, and hospital characteristics and accounting for the correlation among infants born at the same facility. Infants who were delivered by EED-I or EED-CS comprised 13% of the study population, and 40% of infants born in the early term period. Infants who were delivered by EED-I experienced the lowest likelihoods of respiratory morbidities, neonatal sepsis, and admission to the NICU when compared to FTD infants. In contrast, infants delivered by EED-CS had significantly increased risks several adverse birth outcomes, with magnitudes ranging from a 9% to 40% increase. Only 8.3% of all infants were re-admitted to the hospital after birth. Despite having the lowest likelihood of the birth morbidities studied, infants delivered by EED-I had a small 10-15% increased odds of being re-hospitalized in the first year of life, compared to FTD infants. These infants also had a slightly higher mean number of visits and combined LOS during post-birth hospitalizations, although the absolute differences from other exposure groups was small. Elective early term cesarean infants actually had a slightly lower risk of re-hospitalization, particularly re-hospitalizations that occurred between weeks 3-52 of life. Neonatal and post-neonatal deaths were rare events (0.3 and 1.3 deaths per 1,000 live births, respectively) in this comparatively low-risk study population. There were no differences in survival when comparing the EED-I and EED-CS groups to the FTD group. The results of this study raise the concern that these public health efforts to reduce elective early term inductions have been based on biased evidence from a limited number of studies in which artificially elevated risks for early electively-induced infants were reported. In stark contrast to the current dogma, this study found that when a methodologically appropriate comparison group was used (i.e., expectant management), elective induction prior to 39 weeks was NOT associated with an increased risk of any adverse infant outcomes in early life. In contrast, our findings do support the avoidance of purely elective cesarean sections prior to 39 weeks in lieu of expectant management. The evidence presented in this large, methodologically-sound study should caution against a general avoidance of ALL elective early term deliveries, and foster support for continued research in this still relatively new arena.
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Novelli, Lauren. "Racism and Infant Mortality: Links Between Racial Stress and Adverse Birth Outcomes for African American Women and their Infants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439305228.

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Mburia, Ingrid. "Adverse Birth Outcomes and Associated Risk Factors." Thesis, University of Nevada, Reno, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244872.

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The cause for adverse birth outcomes such as prematurity, low birth weight, small for gestational age, among others, is not clearly understood. Despite medical advancements, infants that overcome poor birth outcomes face significant cognitive, behavioral, and developmental challenges in their childhood and throughout their lifespan.

It has been established that some race/ethnic groups and populations in the lower economic strata are disproportionately affected by adverse birth outcomes. It is of utmost importance to continue exploring factors that contribute to race/ethnic disparities in order to develop targeted intervention strategies. In Nevada, several initiatives have been developed to address disparities in poor birth outcomes, however, the state faces challenges such as: provider shortages, long distance to hospitals and/or areas that offer health care services, low high school graduation rates, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke among casino workers, a growing prescription and illicit drug use problem, among others.

The goals of this epidemiological study were to: 1) determine whether distance was a barrier in obtaining specialized care for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, 2) asses the association between working in the service industry and preterm birth among Hispanic women and 3) evaluate the relationship between depression, substance use, and low birth weight.

In study one, distance of more than 50 miles was found to be associated with delivery of a VLBW infant in a non-level III hospital. Study two revealed that Hispanic women working in the service industry had increased odds of preterm birth compared to those working in administrative support positions. Results of study three showed that mothers who used prescription drugs during pregnancy had higher odds of delivering a low birth weight baby. Additionally, women with a clinical diagnoses of depression prior to becoming pregnant had higher odds of using substances during pregnancy (OR: 3.51; 95% CI = 3.46–3.56) compared to women who did not have a clinical diagnoses of depression prior to pregnancy. The findings of this dissertation support avenues to further explore factors associated with adverse birth outcomes and barriers to accessing health care services among pregnant women.

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Reulen, Raoul. "Adverse health outcomes in survivors of childhood cancer." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/265/.

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This thesis concerns investigations into adverse health outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer using the British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS). The BCCSS is a large-scale population-based cohort of 17,981 survivors of childhood cancer who were diagnosed with childhood cancer (age 0-14 years) between 1940 and 1991, in Britain, and had survived for at least five years. The specific aims were to investigate, within the BCCSS cohort; (1) the psychometric properties of the SF-36 health-status questionnaire, (2) the self-reported health-status by using the SF-36, (3) the effect of therapeutic radiation on the offspring sex ratio, (4) the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and (5) the risks of second primary breast cancer. This thesis demonstrates that the SF-36 questionnaire exhibits good validity and reliability when used in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. Survivors rate their physical and mental health similarly to those in the general population, apart from bone and central nervous system tumour survivors who rate their physical health below population norms. Therapeutic irradiation does not alter the sex ratio of offspring. Female survivors exposed to abdominal irradiation are at a three-fold risk of delivering premature and two-fold risk of producing low birth-weight offspring. Lastly, the risk of breast cancer among female survivors is two-fold that of the general population, but is not sustained into ages at which the risk of breast cancer in the general population becomes substantial.
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Gheorghe, Mihaela. "Adverse Health Outcomes Among Organ Replacement Patients in Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19863.

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BACKGROUND: Organ transplantation is one of the best modalities for treating fatal organ failure. Despite the success of this procedure, an increasing incidence of cancer in this population has drawn the attention of public health officials in recent years. OBJECTIVES: The overall objective of this study is to conduct a detailed examination of adverse health outcomes among Canadian organ transplant recipients, with an emphasis on cancer incidence and mortality. METHODS: This project employed a retrospective cohort follow-up study design, whereby Canadian Organ Replacement Registry records were linked to the Canadian Mortality Database and the Canadian Cancer Registry Database. The study population consisted of more than 16,000 solid organ transplant recipients registered between January 1, 1981 and December 31, 1998. This study was designed to assess the risks of developing cancer, overall and site-specific, in transplant recipients in comparison to the general Canadian population using Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR), Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR), and Proportionate Mortality Ratios (PMR). In addition, Cox and logistic models were used to assess the effects of various risk factors on cancer incidence and mortality in transplant sub-populations, while cumulative incidence was used to study the patient survival pattern. Lastly, Population Attributable Risk (PAR) was used to quantify the impact of organ transplantation on cancer incidence and mortality. RESULTS: Among major causes of death, the highest PMRs are due to genitourinary diseases, followed by endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases, and infectious diseases. SIRs indicate that cancer incidence and mortality were relatively lower than that observed for other major causes of death, and slightly higher than that observed in the general Canadian population. Lastly, logistic regression results indicate that age, year of surgery, and smoking status were significant risk factors in mortality due to all causes, while the Cox regression model shows that age, sex and year of surgery were significant risk factors for cancer incidence. Overall, the PAR in this cohort was very minimal, indicating that the risk in mortality and cancer incidence due to organ transplantation is negligible. CONCLUSION: Life threatening diseases such as those of the genitourinary system, as well as endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases and infectious diseases are leading causes of death. Future research should be directed at ways of reducing incidence and subsequent mortality due to these causes.
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Hall, Ashleigh J. "Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience: Health Outcomes in Adolescents." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/595952.

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Urban Bioethics
M.A.
Adverse childhood experiences, known as ACEs, have been shown to negatively impact an individual’s health as an adult. While efforts to decrease children’s exposure to these traumatic experiences are beneficial, they are not able to fully eliminate these experiences and do not address how to help children who have already been exposed. Resilience, which has been defined as managing and adapting to significant sources of trauma, has been thought to be a protective factor against the toxic stress of ACEs. While the relationship between ACEs and poor health outcomes has been established, the relationship between resilience and health outcomes is largely unknown.  This study seeks to determine the association between resilience scores on a validated resilience questionnaire and health outcomes in adolescents. Looking specifically at body mass index, blood pressure, and depression scores on a validated depression screen we hypothesize that higher resilience scores will be associated with better health outcomes. In addition, we examine the relationship between ACE scores and resilience scores. If this validated resilience instrument is able to help predict health outcomes, this can direct development of intervention programs to build resilience in those living in ACE-heavy environments.
Temple University--Theses
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Alisio, Michelle. "Adverse impact of hospitalisation on infant breastfeeding practices: a prospective cohort study." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31164.

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Background: In South Africa, the exclusive breastfeeding prevalence at six months is low at 24% and the under-5 mortality rate remains high. Improving breastfeeding rates is the most cost-effective intervention to reduce under-5 mortality and morbidity. Data on the effect of infant hospitalisation on breastfeeding may inform facility-based interventions to protect and support exclusive and prolonged breastfeeding. Aim: To assess the impact of hospitalisation on breastfeeding and explore reasons for stopping or continuing breastfeeding. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of infant feeding practices among mother-infant dyads admitted to general paediatric wards at a tertiary children’s hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. Medical, demographic and feeding practice data were collected through semi-structured interviews on admission, again during hospitalisation and a third interview was conducted telephonically post discharge. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with different feeding practices. Results: Between January and April 2018, 119 mothers (median age 26 years, IQR 22-32; 28% HIV-positive) were interviewed at admission; 39% (46/119) breastfed exclusively (EBF) and 28 (24%) reported no breastfeeding. Most infants (median age 1.8 months, IQR 1.0-3.2; 34% preterm) were admitted for lower respiratory tract infection (59%) or diarrhoea (14%). EBF at admission was associated with younger infant age (per month increase, aOR 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.43); none of the children admitted for diarrhoea had been EBF. A second in-hospital interview occurred at median 4 days (IQR 2-6) after admission. The overall prevalence of any breastfeeding declined from 77% at admission to 61% in-hospital. Risk factors for in-hospital breastfeeding cessation included low birth weight (<2500g; OR 3.81, 95% CI 1.35-10.74) and feeding via either bottle/tube (OR 51.00, 95% CI 6.38-407.71). Maternal expression of breastmilk (vs no expression in-hospital) was protective against in hospital breastfeeding cessation (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.01-0.33). Post-discharge telephonic interviews (median 5 months after discharge) were available for 92 mother-infant dyads; 21 infants were ≤ six months of age, of whom 24% (5/21) were still exclusively breastfeeding. Breastfeeding cessation at any time after admission and before post-discharge telephonic interview was associated with maternal HIV infection (OR 2.82, 95% CI 0.84-9.40), full time employment (OR 4.95, 95% CI 1.40-17.46) and preterm birth (OR 3.53, 95% CI 1.27-9.81). Conclusion: Prevalence of both any and exclusive breastfeeding was low at admission to hospital, and lack of breastfeeding strongly correlated with increased risk of an infectious morbidity diagnosis. In addition, hospitalisation substantially reduced the probability of continued breastfeeding. In-hospital breastfeeding support and facilitation of breastmilk expression while infants are unable to breastfeed should be increased. Implementation research may define effective in-hospital breastfeeding support interventions.
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Crispo, James Alexander George. "Pharmacotherapies in Parkinson Disease: Investigating Trends and Adverse Health Outcomes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35065.

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Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, with estimates suggesting that PD prevalence and incidence will increase with aging populations. Therapeutic options and clinical guidelines for PD have significantly changed over the past 15 years; however, pharmacoepidemiology data in PD are lacking, especially regarding adverse effects of non-ergot dopamine agonists (DAs) and outcomes associated with anticholinergic burden. The objectives of this doctoral research are threefold: 1) examine patterns of antiparkinson drug use in relation to clinical guideline publication, drug availability, and emerging safety concerns; 2) determine whether PD patients treated with non-ergot DAs are at increased risk of adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular outcomes; and 3) determine whether anticholinergic burden is associated with adverse outcomes in PD. Specific research questions were investigated using epidemiological methods and electronic health data from Cerner Health Facts®, an electronic medical record database that stores time-stamped patient records for more than 300 Cerner subscribing facilities across the United States. Findings from this work are reported in a series of manuscripts, all of which have been published. Key findings include: 1) DA use began declining in 2007, from 34% to 27% in 2012. The decline followed publication of the American Academy of Neurology’s practice parameter refuting levodopa toxicity, pergolide withdrawal, and pramipexole label revisions; 2) heart failure was the only adverse cardiovascular or cerebrovascular outcome that demonstrated a significant association with non-ergot DA use, mainly pramipexole; and 3) anticholinergic burden in PD was associated with the diagnosis of fracture and delirium, and significantly increased the risk of emergency department visit and readmission post inpatient discharge. Reported antiparkinson prescribing trends suggest that safety and best practice information may be communicated effectively in PD. Although findings warrant replication, individuals with PD and independent risk factors for or a history of heart failure may benefit from limited use of pramipexole. Similarly, individuals with PD may benefit from substituting non-PD medications with anticholinergic effects for equally effective non-anticholinergic agents. Additional pharmacovigilance studies are needed to better understand health risks and the impact of population health interventions in PD.
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Kwok, Man-ki, and 郭文姬. "Short and medium term health outcomes of infant lifestyle." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4475873X.

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Guha, Joyeeta. "Risks of adverse health and social outcomes among childhood cancer survivors." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6612/.

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As a result of improvement in survival after childhood cancer, there are now increasing numbers of long-term survivors of childhood cancer living in the United Kingdom and across Europe. Specific groups of these childhood cancer survivors experience substantial excess risks of adverse health and social outcomes. Using the population-based British Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (BCCSS) the following areas were investigated: (I) The proportion of survivors on regular long-term hospital follow-up using risk stratification levels of care developed by the BCCSS in partnership with the National Cancer Survivorship Initiative. (2) The risks of adverse health and social outcomes using record-linkage and a self-reported questionnaire to assess which survivors of central nervous system tumours were at excess risk compared to the general population. (3) The risk of hospitalisation due to cerebrovascular conditions among childhood cancer survivors by electronic record linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics. Using the European PanCareSurFup cohort, the excess risks of genitourinary subsequent primary neoplasms were investigated among five-year survivors of childhood cancer. This thesis quantifies the risks experienced by childhood cancer survivors in four areas and provides an evidence-base for risk stratification by healthcare professionals caring for survivors.
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Books on the topic "Adverse infant health outcomes"

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RN, Edwards Grace, and Baby Lifeline, eds. Adverse outcomes in maternity care: Implications for practice, applying the recommendations of the confidential enquiries. Edinburgh: Books for Midwives, 2004.

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Bové, Frank James. Population-based surveillance and etiological research of adverse reproductive outcomes and toxic wastes. [New Jersey]: New Jersey Dept. of Health, 1992.

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Watson, Tara. Minimum drinking age laws and infant health outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008.

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Rowland, Lisa E. Patient outcomes in maternal-infant nursing. Springhouse, Pa: Springhouse Corp., 1994.

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Studies, Illinois Division of Epidemiologic. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in Illinois: County-specific prevalence and related infant mortality, 1989-1998. Springfield, IL: Illinois Dept. of Public Health, Division of Epidemiologic Studies, 2000.

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Agarwal, Nikhil. Toxic exposure in America: Estimating fetal and infant health outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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J, Hitchcock Penelope, MacKay H. Trent, and Wasserheit Judith N, eds. Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Washington, D.C: ASM Press, 1999.

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J, Hitchcock Penelope, MacKay H. Trent, and Wasserheit Judith N, eds. Sexually transmitted diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Washington, D.C: ASM Press, 1999.

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Public Health Social Work Institute (1988 University of California, Berkeley). Improving birth outcomes through public health social work and case management. Berkeley, Calif: Maternal and Child Health Program, School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 1989.

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Bouden, Evelyn S. Health practices to improve pregnancy outcomes: A guide for the primary care practitioner. Harrisburg, Pa: Pennsylvania Dept. of Health, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Adverse infant health outcomes"

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Lorch, Scott A., and Shawna Calhoun. "Adverse Outcomes Do Not Stop at Discharge: Post-NICU Health Care Use by Prematurely Born Infants." In Respiratory Outcomes in Preterm Infants, 119–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48835-6_8.

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Wattenberg, Elizabeth V. "Adverse Outcomes Pathways (AOPs)." In Risk Assessment for Environmental Health, 179–86. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429291722-9.

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Basavarajappa, Darshan Hosapatna. "Management of pregnancy with a history of late neonatal/infant death." In Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Adverse Natal Outcomes, 107–14. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429435027-13.

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Minatoya, Machiko, Tomoyuki Hanaoka, and Reiko Kishi. "Environmental Exposures and Adverse Pregnancy-Related Outcomes." In Health Impacts of Developmental Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 25–53. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0520-1_2.

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Martin, Melanie A., and David A. Sela. "Infant Gut Microbiota: Developmental Influences and Health Outcomes." In Building Babies, 233–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4060-4_11.

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Asayama, Kei, Teemu J. Niiranen, Takayoshi Ohkubo, George S. Stergiou, Lutgarde Thijs, Yutaka Imai, and Jan A. Staessen. "Home Blood Pressure as Predictor of Adverse Health Outcomes." In Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection, 33–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23065-4_4.

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White, Sally S., Suzanne E. Fenton, and Linda S. Birnbaum. "Adverse Health Outcomes Caused By Dioxin-Activated AHR in Humans." In The AH Receptor in Biology and Toxicology, 307–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118140574.ch22.

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Asayama, Kei, Fang-Fei Wei, Azusa Hara, Tine W. Hansen, Yan Li, and Jan A. Staessen. "Blood Pressure Variability as Elusive Harbinger of Adverse Health Outcomes." In Blood Pressure Monitoring in Cardiovascular Medicine and Therapeutics, 129–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22771-9_7.

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Speer, Michael E. "Health Literacy and Child Health Outcomes: From Prenatal to Birth and Infant Stages." In SpringerBriefs in Public Health, 15–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50799-6_2.

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Bansil, Pooja, and Elena V. Kuklina. "Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes in Developed Countries: Role of Intrauterine Growth Restriction." In Handbook of Growth and Growth Monitoring in Health and Disease, 159–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1795-9_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Adverse infant health outcomes"

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Yopiana, Elma, Bhisma Murti, and Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi. "Exclusive Breastfeeding and Prevention of Obesity in Children Under Five: A Meta-Analysis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.124.

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ABSTRACT Background: In both developed and developing countries, childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels. Obesity is associated with adverse health outcomes in children, including asthma and sleep apnea. The studies showed that breastfeeding is a protective factor of obesity in children. This study aimed to determine exclusive breastfeeding and prevention of obesity in children under five. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review conducted by search online published articles toward exclusive breastfeeding and obesity in children under five.Original studies published from 2003 to 2016 were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, Springer Link, and Google Scholar databases. Keywords used “Children Under Five” AND “Breast Feeding” AND “non Breast Feeding” OR “Formula milk” OR “Infant Formula” AND “Obesity” OR “Body Mass Index”. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, using observational or cohort study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The selected articles were analyzed using PRISMA guideline and Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from California, Massachusetts, China, German, Swedish, and Dutch, reported that exclusive breastfeeding was a protective factor of obesity in children under five (aOR= 0.95; 95% CI= 0.86 to 1.06; p= 0.360) with (I²= 82%, p= 0.001). Conclusion: Exclusive breastfeeding is a protective factor of obesity in children under five Keywords: obesity, exclusive breastfeeding, meta-analysis Correspondence: Elma Yopiana. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: elmayopiana@gmail.com. Mobile: 083867060745. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.124
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van den Heuvel, Robert. "Methylprednisolone does not reduce risk of adverse outcomes in infants undergoing heart surgery." In AHA Scientific Sessions 2022, edited by Marc Bonaca. Baarn, the Netherlands: Medicom Medical Publishers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55788/d3b342e5.

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Purandare, Aditi, Heidi Yap, Zlatan Feric, Martha Powers, Jennifer Dy, and David Kaeli. "Associating Exposures to Adverse Health Outcomes using Decision Trees." In 2020 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urtc51696.2020.9668857.

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Jan, Zala, Christian Gostečnik, and Veronika Kralj-Iglič. "Adverse Human Health Outcomes Associated with Psychologi-cal Trauma: A review." In Socratic Lectures 7. University of Lubljana Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55295/psl.2022.d7.

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Until 30 years ago it was believed that psychological stress increases cortisol secretion, but later stud-ies gave contradictory results. Decrease in cortisol levels in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) reflects a nonnormative and inadequate response to severe stressors, with its pathophysiology in-volving maladaptation or dysfunction in stress-regulatory systems. To have more insights in re-sponse of human body to physiological stress, inflammatory signals, oxidative stress parameters and other health parameters were measured. As for the cortisol level results, also inflammatory signals, including proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP), have been reported to increase and decrease in PTSD. Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and CRP were reported higher and lower in blood samples of individuals with PTSD. Some studies report that dysregulation of the stress axis could have direct effects on brain regions responsible for the regulation of fear and anxiety (such as the prefrontal cortex, insula, amygdala, and hippocampus). Early-life stress, such as child-hood adversity (abuse, neglect, or family disfunction), is a potent risk factor for developing PTSD in response to later trauma, and elevated peripheral markers of inflammation are one of the best-repli-cated findings in children and adults with early-life stress. Those who develop PTSD may have an inability or failure to activate an innate immune response. PTSD can also result in other adverse outcomes, such as heightened oxidative stress (OXS), eating disorders, metabolic disorder, and car-diovascular disease (CVD). Since the results are very contradictory for PTSD and inflammation re-sponse of the human body, further research is important. Small cellular particles that can be isolated from body fluids present potential biomarkers of the clinical status and will be considered in plan-ning the future research. This contribution presents perspectives in assessment of psychological stress by objective parameters. Keywords: Cortisol; Post-traumatic stress disorder; Inflammatory response; Oxidative stress; Cyto-kines; Eating disorders; Metabolic disorder; Cardiovascular disease; Small cellular particles as stress markers, Extracellular vesicles as stress markers
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"Association of maternal body mass index with adverse maternal and prenatal outcomes." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.17.

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Oh, Debora L., Petra Jerman, Sara Silvério Marques, Kadiatou Koita, Allison Ipsen, Sukhdip Purewal, and Monica Bucci. "Systematic Review of Pediatric Health Outcomes Associated with Adverse Childhood Experiences (aces)*." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.309.

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Al Khalaf, SY, EJ O’Reilly, FP McCarthy, M. Kublickas, K. Kublickiene, and AS Khashan. "OP70 Cohort study of adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with chronic kidney disease." In Society for Social Medicine and Population Health Annual Scientific Meeting 2020, Hosted online by the Society for Social Medicine & Population Health and University of Cambridge Public Health, 9–11 September 2020. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-ssmabstracts.69.

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Guilherme, Furtado, Loureiro Marisa, Ferreira Jose, Teixeira Ana, and Patricio Miguel. "Predicting frail syndrome using adverse geriatric health outcomes: Comparison of different statistical classifiers." In 2017 IEEE 5th Portuguese Meeting on Bioengineering (ENBENG). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/enbeng.2017.7889430.

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Glass, Deborah, Christina Dimitriadis, Jessy Hansen, Fiona Hore-Lacy, Ryan Hoy, and Malcolm Sim. "O-27 Silica Exposure Estimates in Artificial Stone Benchtop Fabrication and Adverse Respiratory Outcomes." In 28th International Symposium on Epidemiology in Occupational Health (EPICOH 2021). BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2021-epi.50.

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Waltenberger, MW, AP Parkes, and KM Mitchell. "RF5 Different clusters of risk and adverse sexual health outcomes in the british population." In Society for Social Medicine 62nd Annual Scientific Meeting, Hosted by the MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, 5–7 September 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-ssmabstracts.94.

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Reports on the topic "Adverse infant health outcomes"

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Watson, Tara, and Angela Fertig. Minimum Drinking Age Laws and Infant Health Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14118.

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Agarwal, Nikhil, Chanont Banternghansa, and Linda T. M. Bui. Toxic Exposure in America: Estimating Fetal and Infant Health Outcomes. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.20955/wp.2009.016.

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Agarwal, Nikhil, Chanont Banternghansa, and Linda Bui. Toxic Exposure in America: Estimating Fetal and Infant Health Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14977.

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Treadwell, Jonathan R., Mingche Wu, and Amy Y. Tsou. Management of Infantile Epilepsies. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer252.

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Objectives. Uncontrolled seizures in children 1 to 36 months old have serious short-term health risks and may be associated with substantial developmental, behavioral, and psychological impairments. We evaluated the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of pharmacologic, dietary, surgical, neuromodulation, and gene therapy treatments for infantile epilepsies. Data sources. We searched Embase®, MEDLINE®, PubMed®, the Cochrane Library, and gray literature for studies published from January 1, 1999, to August 19, 2021. Review methods. Using standard Evidence-based Practice Center methods, we refined the scope and applied a priori inclusion criteria to the >10,000 articles identified. We ordered full text of any pediatric epilepsy articles to determine if they reported any data on those age 1 month to <36 months. We extracted key information from each included study, rated risk of bias, and rated the strength of evidence. We summarized the studies and outcomes narratively. Results. Forty-one studies (44 articles) met inclusion criteria. For pharmacotherapy, levetiracetam may cause seizure freedom in some patients (strength of evidence [SOE]: low), but data on other medications (topiramate, lamotrigine, phenytoin, vigabatrin, rufinamide, stiripentol) were insufficient to permit conclusions. Both ketogenic diet and the modified Atkins diet may reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low for both). In addition, the ketogenic diet may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low) and may be more likely than the modified Atkins diet to reduce seizure frequency (SOE: low). Both hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric surgical procedures may cause seizure freedom in some infants (SOE: low for both), but the precise proportion is too variable to estimate. For three medications (levetiracetam, topiramate, and lamotrigine), adverse effects may rarely be severe enough to warrant discontinuation (SOE: low). For topiramate, non-severe adverse effects include loss of appetite and upper respiratory tract infection (SOE: moderate). Harms of diets were sparsely reported. For surgical interventions, surgical mortality is rare for functional hemispherectomy/hemispherotomy and non-hemispheric procedures (SOE: low), but evidence was insufficient to permit quantitative estimates of mortality or morbidity risk. Hydrocephalus requiring shunt placement after multilobar, lobar, or focal resection is uncommon (SOE: low). No studies assessed neuromodulation or gene therapy. Conclusions. Levetiracetam, ketogenic diet, modified Atkins diet, and surgery all appear to be effective for some infants. However, the strength of the evidence is low for all of these modalities due to lack of control groups, low patient enrollment, and inconsistent reporting. Future studies should compare different pharmacologic treatments and compare pharmacotherapy with dietary therapy. Critical outcomes underrepresented in the literature include quality of life, sleep outcomes, and long-term development.
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Ryan, Margaret A. Smallpox Vaccine and Adverse Reproductive Health Outcomes in Military Service Members. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442817.

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Markowitz, Sara, Kelli Komro, Melvin Livingston, Otto Lenhart, and Alexander Wagenaar. Effects of State-Level Earned Income Tax Credit Laws in the U.S. on Maternal Health Behaviors and Infant Health Outcomes. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23714.

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Chen, Baoyu, Qin He, Mingting Wang, Yong Wang, Xiaoxing Lai, Hongguang Chen, and Mengqian Li. Impact of cognitive frailty and physical frailty/cognitive impairment on adverse health outcomes among community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0064.

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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.

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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.
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Hyrink, Tabitha, Violet Barasa, and Syed Abbas. Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) and Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) in Bangladesh: Impacts of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.028.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated and drawn fresh attention to long-standing systemic weaknesses in health and economic systems. The virus – and the public health response – has wrought significant disruption on sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and maternal, neonatal and child health (MNCH) in Bangladesh. Known negative health outcomes include increased domestic and gender-based violence, child marriage, negative mental health, and adverse child health outcomes. This scoping paper for the Covid-19 Learning, Evidence and Research Programme for Bangladesh (CLEAR) aims to inform future research and policy engagement to support response, recovery, progress, and future health system resilience for SRHR and MNCH in Bangladesh, following the Covid-19 crisis. We present what is known on disruptions and impacts, as well as evidence gaps and priority areas for future research and engagement.
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Shey Wiysonge, Charles. Does additional social support during at-risk pregnancy improve perinatal outcomes? SUPPORT, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.30846/1608104.

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Additional social support has been advocated for socially disadvantaged pregnant women because they are at greater risk of experiencing adverse birth outcomes. Support may include advice and counselling (e.g. about nutrition, rest, stress management, or the use of alcohol), tangible assistance (e.g. transportation to clinic appointments, or household help), and emotional support (e.g. reassurance, or sympathetic listening). The additional social support may be delivered by multidisciplinary teams of healthcare workers or lay health workers during home visits, clinic appointments or by telephone.
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