Academic literature on the topic 'Adverse climate'
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Journal articles on the topic "Adverse climate"
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Wijeratne, Mahinda. "Climate Smart Agriculture: A Solution to adverse effects of climate change." Journal of the University of Ruhuna 1, no. 2 (February 24, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v1i2.6619.
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Bator, Agata, and Agnieszka Borek. "Adaptation to Climate Change under Climate Change Treaties." International Community Law Review 23, no. 2-3 (June 29, 2021): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341467.
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Abstract On the ground that climate change poses a great threat to societies and economies, it became evident for policy makers that attention should be given to the problem of adaptation, i.e. adaptation measures should be undertaken to minimize the adverse impacts of climate change. As the debate on the adverse impacts of climate change advanced at international level, states are taking actions at national, regional and local levels. Along with the increase awareness regarding importance of adaptation, regulations designed to prepare states to strengthen their resilience to climate change, has been developed in climate change treaties. Paris Agreement seems to be the first global agreement which addresses adaptation as one of its key goals and links it with mitigation efforts. The purpose of this article is to discuss the most important regulations and programmes within the regime established by the Framework Convention and the Paris Agreement concerning adaptation to climate change.
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Holtmeier, Friedrich Karl, and Gabriele E. Broll. "Treeline advance - driving processes and adverse factors." Landscape Online 1 (June 29, 2007): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.200701.
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The general trend of climatically-driven treeline advance is modified by regional, local and temporal variations. Treelines will not advance in a closed front parallel to the shift of any isotherm to higher elevations and more northern latitudes. The effects of varying topography on site conditions and the after-effects of historical disturbances by natural and anthropogenic factors may override the effects of slightly higher average temperatures. Moreover, the varying treeline-forming species respond in different ways to a changing climate. Forest advance upwards and northwards primarily depends on successful regeneration and survival of young growth rather than on increasing growth rates of mature trees. Every assessment of treeline response to future climate change must consider the effects of local site conditions and feedbacks of increasing tree population in modulating the climatically-driven change. Treeline-shift will influence regional and local climates, pedogenesis, plant communities, animal populations and biodiversity as well as having a considerable effect on economic changes in primary production. A better understanding of the functional relationships between the many treeline-relevant factors and treeline dynamics can be achieved only by extensive research at different scales within different climatic regions supported by as many as possible experimental studies in the field together with laboratory and remote sensing techniques.
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King, Karen J., Robert M. de Ligt, and Geoffrey J. Cary. "Fire and carbon dynamics under climate change in south-eastern Australia: insights from FullCAM and FIRESCAPE modelling." International Journal of Wildland Fire 20, no. 4 (2011): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf09073.
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This study used simulation modelling to investigate fire and carbon dynamics for projected warmer and drier climates in the south-eastern Australian high country. A carbon accounting model FullCAM and the landscape fire regime simulator FIRESCAPE were combined and used to simulate several fire management options under three climate scenarios – the recent climate (1975–2005); a moderate climate projected for 2070 (B1); and a more extreme climate projected for 2070 (A1FI). For warmer and drier climates, model simulations predicted (i) an increase in fire incidence; (ii) larger areas burned; (iii) higher mean fire intensities; (iv) shorter fire cycle lengths; (v) a greater proportion of fires burning earlier in the fire season; (vi) a reduction in carbon stores; (vii) a reduction in carbon sequestration rates; and (viii) an increase in the proportion of stored carbon emitted to the atmosphere. Prescribed burning at historical or twice historical levels had no effect on fire or carbon dynamics. In contrast, increasing the initial attack success (a surrogate for suppression) partially offset the adverse effects of warmer and drier climates on fire activity, but not on carbon dynamics. For the south-eastern Australian high country, simulations indicated that fire and carbon dynamics are sensitive to climate change, with simulated fire management only being able to partially offset the adverse effects of warmer and drier climate.
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Luque Azcona, Emilio José. "Adverse climate and institutional responses in Puerto Rico (1823-1837)." Memorias 44 (2021): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.44.972.95.
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Mehta, Jitendra. "Climate Change Scenario in Indian Context." Emerging Trends in Climate Change 1, no. 2 (July 28, 2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18782/2583-4770.108.
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The Indian economy is mostly agrarian-based and depends on the onset of the monsoon and its further behavior. The livelihood of people is mostly dependent on climate-sensitive natural resources like land, water and forests. The climate change impact on these natural resources affects agriculture, forests, water resources and human health. India is a vast country occupying 2.4% world's geographical area, sharing 16.2% of the global human population and 15% of the global livestock population. It is endowed with varied climates supporting rich biodiversity and highly diverse ecology. More than 60% of its population living in rural areas, where agriculture is the major concern rural economy that is the backbone of the Indian economy. The consistent impact of climate change may threaten livelihood activities, which are mostly based on agriculture providing food security. Climate change and global warming pose a significant threats to agriculture. Pest populations are strongly dependent upon temperature and humidity. It has been predicted that 10-40% losses in crop production in India with an increase in temperature 3 to 5ºC by the end of 21 century. The allied sectors of agriculture have also been affected adversely by climate change e.g., lowering production in dairy cattle, poultry and fishery. Changes in climate variables may alter the distribution of important vector species, especially malarial mosquitoes, and subsequently increase the spread of such diseases to new areas. The loss in net revenue at the farm level is estimated to range between 9% to 25% for a temperature rise of 2ºC to 3.5ºC. To minimize the adverse impact of climate change, adaptation comprises shifting the population living close to the sea side to escape the rising sea level or promote crops that can tolerate higher temperatures. To remedial measures taken to combat the adverse impact of climate change, mitigation comprises a reduction in the emissions of greenhouse gases. The government of India's expenditure on adaptation and mitigation to combating climate change impact shares 2.6% of the GDP, with agriculture, water resources, health and sanitation, forests, coastal-zone infrastructure and extreme weather events being specific areas of concern. This paper was attempted to review the climate change scenario with their present and future adaptation and mitigation efforts in India.
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Onwutuebe, Chidiebere J. "Patriarchy and Women Vulnerability to Adverse Climate Change in Nigeria." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 215824401982591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019825914.
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The article explored the linkages between patriarchy and the high rate of women’s vulnerability to climate change. It examined how traditional beliefs, which underpin cultural division of roles between men and women, also increase the vulnerability of women to the adverse impacts of climate change. The article argued that the centralization of activities of women to occupations such as small-scale and rain-fed agriculture makes them more vulnerable to climate-related problems than the men. The article relied on desk review of secondary data. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Using Nigeria as a case study, the article showed how patriarchy paves way for high rate of exposure of women to adverse impacts of climate change. Patriarchy equips men with stronger adaptive capability, especially in the area of vocational flexibility and mobility. The study concludes that efforts made to avert undue exposure of women to climate change disasters must seek to address patriarchy and the structural issues arising from the confinement of women to livelihoods, which are vulnerable to climate change disasters.
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SAAB, ANNE. "Climate-Resilient Crops and International Climate Change Adaptation Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000121.
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AbstractThis article explores the role of international climate change adaptation law in promoting the use of genetically engineered crops as an adaptation strategy. The severity of climate change impacts and the realization that, by now, some adverse effects are inevitable, has intensified the urgency to devise effective adaptation strategies. Genetically engineered climate-resilient crops are presented as one possible means to adapt to the predicted adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture and crop yields. Despite increased attention on the research and development of climate-resilient crops, particularly by private sector seed corporations, there are many controversies surrounding this proposed adaptation strategy. The key contentions relate to apprehensions about genetically engineered crops more generally, the effectiveness of climate-resilient crops, and the involvement of the private sector in international climate change adaptation initiatives.The main argument in this article is that the emerging field of international climate change adaptation law contributes to promoting genetically engineered climate-resilient crops as a possible means of adaptation. Moreover, international adaptation law creates an enabling environment for the active engagement of private sector corporations in devising adaptation strategies. Notwithstanding controversies over genetically engineered crops and the role of the private sector, there has been little consideration so far of the influence of the growing international legal regime on climate change on the types of adaptation strategies that are devised and promoted.
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Kelishadi, Roya, Parinaz Poursafa, and Mojtaba Keikha. "Systematic review on adverse birth outcomes of climate change." Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 20, no. 4 (2015): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1735-1995.158283.
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Bobhate, Prateek, and Subhash Chandra Parija. "Mitigating the Adverse Impact of Climate Change: An Indian Perspective." SBV Journal of Basic, Clinical and Applied Health Science 5, no. 4 (August 18, 2022): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10082-03172.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Adverse climate"
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Rai, Anu Sheela. "An Investigation into the problems of maintenance of seed vigour and viability under adverse climate conditions of Darjeeling Hills." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/890.
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Asmall, Taherah. "The adverse health effects associated with drought in Africa: working towards developing a vulnerability index." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32447.
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Africa is uniquely vulnerable to the occurrence of drought. A rise in temperatures over Southern Africa occurs at almost twice that of the global rate. South Africa has begun to experience an increase in the frequency of drought, particularly in the Western and Eastern Cape. Droughts are associated with several health effects. The direct and indirect risks of climate change to human health have become a global concern. The most recent systematic review available on the adverse health effects associated with drought was published in 2013, and as such, an up-to-date review focusing on Africa is needed to inform a Cape Town specific health vulnerability index. This study aims to provide a review of available research exploring the association between drought and adverse health effects in Africa. The rationale for this study is to provide a solid research foundation from which a drought-specific health vulnerability index for Cape Town can be developed. A narrative review of original studies and published reviews was conducted. An extensive electronic literature search was performed using a combination of keywords, Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and free text words. The Critical Appraisal Toolkit (CAT) was used to assess the quality of included studies. A total of 1922 publications were identified, of which twenty-four articles were included in this review. The main drought-related health effects that emerged were divided into 4 main categories: (1) drought and nutritional health including malnutrition, poor childhood health outcomes (wasting, stunting and underweight), mortality, anaemia, and nutritionrelated disability; (2) drought and food consumption including micronutrient deficiencies and motor neuron diseases; (3) drought and water-borne, water-washed and water- related diseases including cholera outbreaks, diarrhoeal diseases, protozoa parasite transmission, scabies outbreaks, trachoma, vector-borne disease outbreaks and malaria-related mortality; and (4) drought and health behaviours including health perceptions and health-seeking behaviours, HIV prevention and care behaviours and family planning practices. There was generally limited evidence in all health categories with several limitations. These limitations include studies with methodological weaknesses (e.g. a lack of comparison to a non-drought period), the singularity of published studies on health effects associated with drought and studies which did not account for potential confounders. While the evidence from the included studies is limited, this study highlights gaps in literature to encourage further research into understanding the direct and indirect impacts of drought on health, particularly in vulnerable groups. Furthermore, the results of this study emphasized the contextual factors which lower an individual's adaptive capacity and identified key indicators that can be used to begin to develop a broad framework for a vulnerability index
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Zadvinskis, Inga Mirdza. "An Exploration of Contributing Factors to Patient Safety and Adverse Events." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437409566.
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Alshammari, Younes. "The effects of adverse climatic conditions on aircraft reliability and maintenance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582742.
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This thesis describes the effects of adverse climatic conditions (sand-dust and high temperature) on aircraft reliability and maintenance. An important and necessary part of the research was conducting field work in aircraft maintenance organisations in Kuwait in order to identify the problems and associated difficulties from the adverse climatic conditions on aircraft systems and aircraft maintenance. Also collected were data and aircraft samples so that they could be analysed to construct models which can be implemented in aircraft maintenance. This research has shown that there are three main systems affected by sand-dust, namely engine, avionics and air conditioning. Engine system experienced significant impact by sand-dust. The PM1Q concentration of sand-dust was found to be the dominant particle size in all three aircraft systems. The PM10 concentration and meteorological parameters were found to be significantly correlated. Two prototype models were constructed, namely Model 1 and Model 2. Forecasts of PM1Q concentration value is generated from meteorological parameters in Model 1. The percentage of deterioration of engine HPT blade from sand-dust contamination is predicted from engine flight data, PM10 concentration and meteorological parameters by Model 2. Both models were tested using historic data and found to accurately predict the PM10 concentration and deterioration of engine HPT blade respectively. In summary, this research provides a novel approach to improve aircraft reliability and maintenance in. arid and semi-arid regions Where sand-dust is dominant, by the implementation of the two prototype models.
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Coltri, Priscila Pereira 1980. "Mitigação de emissão de gases de efeito estufa e adaptação do café arábica e condições climáticas adversas." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256826.
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Orientadores: Jurandir Zullo Junior, Hilton Silveira PintoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T01:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coltri_PriscilaPereira_D.pdf: 6879462 bytes, checksum: 2b84c69c7329baa4a9b060b038ddaa14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Resumo: A elevação da concentração dos gases de efeito estufa (GEEs) na atmosfera, especialmente o dióxido de carbono, tem causado alterações significativas nos elementos atmosféricos, acarretando mudanças e variações no clima com importantes consequências. Projeções do IPCC (2007) para as áreas tropicais brasileiras indicam que a temperatura média global poderá aumentar entre 1°C e 5,8°C, o que traria grandes impactos na atividade agrícola e nos recursos naturais. Se as estimativas do IPCC (2007) estiverem corretas, as maiores áreas produtoras de café arábica do Brasil poderão se tornar de alto risco climático para o cultivo, causando sérios impactos na produção de café e no agronegócio brasileiro. O presente trabalho busca contribuir para o estudo da cafeicultura brasileira no contexto das mudanças climáticas projetadas para as próximas décadas. Três aspectos principais foram analisados: as possíveis mudanças climáticas para o sudeste do Brasil nesse século (2011-2099) com o modelo regional de mudanças climáticas ETA/CPTEC (dowscaling do HadCm3); atividades de adaptação da cultura em um cenário climático mais quente; e a relação da cultura com o estoque de carbono atmosférico, como uma atividade de mitigação. Analisando o ETA/CPTEC, foi possível verificar que, sem atividades de adaptação e mitigação, aumentará o risco climático para o cultivo do café arábica em oito dos dez municípios na região de estudo. Como uma atividade de adaptação a cenários climáticos mais quentes, foram avaliadas três formas de arborização para reduzir a temperatura no microclima do cultivo de café em comparação com o cultivo a pleno sol, mais utilizado no país. As variáveis micrometeorológicos nos sistemas de cultivo de café foram medidos em campo e também simulados no software "Envi-Met". Em comparação com o sistema a pleno sol, o tratamento mais arborizado (café plantado em consórcio com macadâmia) recebeu 29,4% a menos de radiação solar e reduziu a temperatura do ar em apenas 0,6°C no microclima de cultivo, indicando que nos cenários mais quentes projetados pelo ETA/CPTEC, esse sistema de plantio não será uma forma de adaptação da cultura. Analisando a relação do café arábica com atividades de mitigação dos GEEs, foi medida a quantidade de carbono (biomassa seca) que a cultura a pleno sol e cultivada com macadâmia pode estocar. Para tanto, utilizaram-se métodos destrutivos, em campo, e de sensoriamento remoto com imagens de alta resolução. Em campo, verificou-se que o sistema de cultivo de café com macadâmia estoca, em média, 2 toneladas de carbono por hectare a mais que o sistema a pleno sol. Esses resultados permitiram validar a premissa de que sistemas agroflorestais com café são considerados uma importante forma de mitigação dos gases de efeito estufa. Na análise dos dados de sensoriamento remoto, encontrou-se forte correlação entre o índice de vegetação NDVI, parâmetros biofísicos da cultura e a biomassa, permitindo, assim, a criação de um modelo de estimativa de biomassa para evitar futuras análises destrutivas
Abstract: The increase of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentration in the atmosphere, especially carbon dioxide, is causing wide changes in atmospheric elements, leading to climate change and variability with critical consequences. Projections of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2007) indicate that the global temperature is supposed to increase 1ºC to 5.8º in the tropical areas of Brazil, causing important impacts in Agriculture and natural resources. If the IPCC (2007) estimates are confirmed, the major areas of current coffee arábica production may become areas of high climatic risk, causing severe impact in coffee production and the Brazilian agribusiness. This project aims to contribute to the study of Brazilian coffee crops (coffea arabica) in the context of global climate change expected for the coming decades. Three main aspects were analyzed: Brazilian southeast climate change in the century (2011-2099) with a regional climate change model (ETA/CPTEC, dowscaling of HadCM3); the coffee crop adaptation to warmer climates; and the crop relationship with the carbon stock as a mitigation activity. Analyzing the ETA/CPTEC model we found that, with no adaptation and mitigation activities, it will not be possible to cultivate coffee arábica in 8 of the 10 cities in the studied region. As an adaptation alternative in hotter weather, we evaluated three different coffee systems planted with forestry tree in order to reduce micro-climate temperature, and compared them to the most common cultivation system in Brazil: coffee planted at "full sun". The micrometeorological parameters in each system was measured in the field and also simulated using the Envi-Met software. Comparing to full sun system, the most shaded coffee system (coffee planted with macadamia) received 29,7% less solar radiation, and reduced the temperature only 0,6°C in the cultivation microclimate, indicating that in the warmest scenario this cultivation system will not be an adaptation alternative. Analyzing the coffee relationship with GHG mitigation activities, we measured the coffee crop's carbon stock (dry biomass) in two cultivation systems: full sun and shaded with macadamia using both destructive methods and remote sensing with high resolution images. Destructive models showed that shaded system with macadamia stocks on average 2 ton per hectare more than full sun systems. These results supported the assumption that agroforesty systems with coffee are considered an important form of mitigation of GHG. Analyzing the remote sensing data we found a strong correlation between the NDVI vegetation index, biophysical plant parameters and biomass. We created a predictive model for biomass and carbon stocks in coffee systems in order to avoid the use of destructive methods
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
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Dai, Chengyu. "Exploration of Weather Impacts on Freeway Traffic Operations and Safety Using High-Resolution Weather Data." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/255.
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Adverse weather is considered as one of the important factors contributing to injuries and severe crashes. During rainy conditions, it can reduce travel visibility, increase stopping distance, and create the opportunity hydroplaning. This study quantified the relative crash risk on Oregon 217 southbound direction under rainy conditions by using a match-paired approach, applied one-year traffic data, crash data and NEXRAD Level II radar weather data. There are 26 crashes occurred in match-paired weather conditions for Oregon 217 in year 2007. The results of this study indicate that a higher crash risk and a higher property-damage-only crash risk occurred during rainy days. The crash risk level varies by the location of the highway, at milepost 2.55 station SW Allen Blvd has the highest driving risks under rainy conditions.
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Butler, Lindsey Jane. "The impact of meteorological factors and air pollution on adverse birth outcomes." Thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/42584.
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The human health impacts of anthropogenic climate change continue to intensify. Perhaps most concerning is the rapid rise in ambient temperature, with 10 of the hottest years ever recorded having occurred over the last 15 years (IPCC, 2018; NASA, 2019). A robust literature has accumulated characterizing an extensive list of adverse health effects of heat exposure, identifying a number of groups particularly vulnerable (Ebi et al., 2018). The most recent group identified as highly vulnerable to heat exposure is expectant mothers (Bekkar et al., 2020; Chersich et al., 2020). A consistent relationship has been observed between increased ambient temperature and adverse pregnancy events, including increase in preterm delivery (PTD), small for gestational age, and stillbirth (Bekkar et al., 2020; Chersich et al., 2020) .
Utilizing birth records and fetal death records from 2000-2004, we carried out two case-crossover studies assessing the impact of ambient temperature on preterm delivery and stillbirth across the contiguous United States, where 1 in 10 births results in a preterm delivery and 1 in 160 births results in a stillborn fetus. Our aim was to assess how increased temperature, singularly and in combination with air pollution exposure, impacts the odds of experiencing a preterm delivery or stillbirth (Aims 1 and 2). Our third aim, performed with a case-control study, expanded on the exploration of air pollution exposure, examining how traffic related air pollution (measured by maternal residential proximity to major roadways) impacts placental-associated stillbirth (Aim 3).
We identified significantly increased odds of preterm delivery and stillbirth associated with a 10-degree Fahrenheit increase in average apparent temperature in the week preceding delivery for babies delivered in the warm season (May – October) and the meteorological summer (June – August). These increases were strongest in the Southern half of the United States and modified by maternal race/ethnicity for both preterm delivery and stillbirth. The increased odds were independent of air pollution exposure (ozone and PM2.5), which had no impact on the odds of preterm delivery or stillbirth. Furthermore, we did not observe a meaningful increase in overall odds of placental-associated stillbirth with increased proximity of the maternal residence to major roads.
These studies contribute to the growing literature on the vulnerability of pregnant women to heat exposure and enhance the understanding of environmental risk factors of preterm birth and stillbirth, a chronically understudied health outcome.2023-05-14T00:00:00Z
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Sachuk, Robert J. "Adverse climatic conditions and impact on construction scheduling and cost." Thesis, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22861.
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The question that arises is how does a contractor estimate productivity for a project subjected to adverse climatic conditions and how do these efficiencies impact on schedule and cost estimates. Additionally, what alternatives are available to the contractor in completing a project subject to adverse climatic conditions. It is therefore the intent of this report to demonstrate one method of estimating productivity efficiencies and to demonstrate their impact on construction scheduling and cost. Additionally, it is intended to investigate alternatives available to the contractor. In order to demonstrate the impact of adverse climatic conditions on project schedule and cost, and actual construction contract was selected is a two story building of approximately 4800 square feet for fire station use including an apparatus room, a dormitory area, a living/dining area, alarm room, reception room, and administrative spaces. This facility is located at the Marine Corps Mountain Warfare Training Center, Bridgeport, California. Construction was started in September 1984 and was completed in December 1985. (kr)
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Luo, Yu-Mei, and 羅玉梅. "A Correlational Study of Teacher Perspectives and Perceived Adverse School Climates of Social Studies Teachers of Junior High Schools in Taoyuan." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68112994857383989029.
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碩士國立臺灣師範大學
公民教育與活動領導學系
100
The purposes of this study were to understand the current teacher perspectives and the perceived adverse school climates among social studies teachers of junior high schools in Taoyuan County, and to examine the relationship between teacher perspectives and adverse school climates. This study used a cross-sectional research design. Multi-stage sampling was used to obtain the desired sample. Three hundred and twelve social studies teachers were selected from 28 junior high schools in Taoyuan County. The data were collected using “The Inventory of Teacher Perspectives and Perceived School Climates of Junior High School Social Studies Teachers’’. The inventory consisted of three parts: Teachers’ Background Information, Social Studies Teachers’ perspectives Scales, and School Climates Scales. A total of 260 responses were received and among them 250 were valid. The valid response rate was 80.1%. Reliability, descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, and canonical correlation analyses were conducted to analyze the data using SPSS 19.0 for Windows. The major findings are listed as followings: First, the reflective inquiry is the most prevalent teacher perspectives of social studies teachers in Taoyuan junior high schools. Furthermore, more than 30% of the teachers are not clinging to a single teacher perspective, but possess a mixed perspective, especially a two by two combination among reflective inquiry, informed social criticism and personal development. Second, the most widespread adverse school climates perceived by the social studies teachers in Taoyuan junior high schools are that of competitive climate and climates of perceived pupil pathology and pedagogical pessimism. Finally, social studies teachers who perceive a higher bureaucratic climate are teachers who identify themselves less in the perspectives of reflective inquiry, informed social criticism and personal development. Still, the teachers who perceive a higher competitive adverse climate are teachers who identify themselves more in the perspectives of reflective inquiry, informed social criticism and personal development.
Books on the topic "Adverse climate"
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Leech, L. S. A provisional assessment of the recreational quality of weather in summer, in terms of thermalcomfort and the adverse effect of rainfall. Glasnevin Hill, Dublin: Meteorological Service, 1985.
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Leech, L. S. A provisional assessment of the recreational quality of weather in summer, in terms of thermal comfort and the adverse effect of rainfall. Dublin: Meteorological Service, 1985.
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Great Britain. Parliament. House Of Commons. Science and Technology Committee. Scientific advisory system: Scientific advice on climate change : minutes of evidence Wednesday 15 March 2000. London: Stationery Office, 2000.
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United States. Congressional Budget Office., ed. Potential impacts of climate change in the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 2009.
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Shackleton, Robert. Potential impacts of climate change in the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 2009.
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Shackleton, Robert. Potential impacts of climate change in the United States. [Washington, D.C.]: Congress of the U.S., Congressional Budget Office, 2009.
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Problemy zdravookhranenii︠a︡ i sot︠s︡ialʹnogo razvitii︠a︡ Arkticheskoĭ zony Rossii = Problems of health and social development the Russia Arctic. Moskva: Paulsen, 2011.
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Climate change: Biological and human aspects. 2nd ed. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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A, Relman David, Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Forum on Microbial Threats., and National Academies Press (U.S.), eds. Global climate change and extreme weather events: Understanding the contributions to infectious disease emergence : workshop summary. Washington, D.C: National Academies Press, 2008.
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Bélanger, Diane. Human health in a changing climate: A Canadian assessment of vulnerabilities and adaptive capacity. Ottawa: Health Canada, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Adverse climate"
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Adeleke, Lydia, Jacob Victor Jerry, Desalegn Ayal, Akinola Joshua Oluwatobi, Ayodele Idowu Sunday, and Ajibefun Igbekele Amos. "Climate Variability on Fishing Activities in Inland Waters: Case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1919–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_91.
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AbstractThis chapter examined the effects of climate variability on fishing activities in inland waters: the case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The particular inland water body (Owena) was selected purposively because the Owena River crosses across the two States (Ondo and Osun States). A total of 100 respondents/fisher folks were selected randomly. Primary data was used to get information from the respondents with the aid of the structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to get information on the climate variability existing in the locations in order to achieve the set objectives. Specifically, the effects of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and wind were determined on fisher folk, fishing duration, fish catch, fishing techniques, and fishing equipment/gears. Descriptive survey design was used to examine the demographic characteristics of respondents. The result revealed that most of the respondents (96%) were male. This chapter established that climate variability particularly strong wind, rainfall, and temperature has adverse effects on fishing activities such as reduction in fish catch, long duration of fishing, loss of fishing gear, change in fishing techniques, and effect on health; hence, the livelihoods of the residence are adversely affected on the long run. In addition to the adverse effect of poverty and loss of life for the fisher folks. Although, the fisher folks livelihoods depend mainly on fisheries resources and optimum fishing depends on favorable climate/weather conditions. Therefore, proper preventive coping strategies against the adverse effect of climate variables should be paramount in both States (Ondo and Ekiti) to improve livelihoods and food security.
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Lydia, Adeleke Mosunmola, Jacob Victor Jerry, Desalegn Yayeh Ayal, Akinola Joshua Oluwatobi, Ayodele Idowu Sunday, and Ajibefun Igbekele Amos. "Climate Variability on Fishing Activities in Inland Waters: Case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_91-1.
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AbstractThis chapter examined the effects of climate variability on fishing activities in inland waters: the case of Owena River in Ondo and Osun States, Nigeria. The particular inland water body (Owena) was selected purposively because the Owena River crosses across the two States (Ondo and Osun States). A total of 100 respondents/fisher folks were selected randomly. Primary data was used to get information from the respondents with the aid of the structured questionnaire. Secondary data was used to get information on the climate variability existing in the locations in order to achieve the set objectives. Specifically, the effects of climatic variables such as temperature, rainfall, and wind were determined on fisher folk, fishing duration, fish catch, fishing techniques, and fishing equipment/gears. Descriptive survey design was used to examine the demographic characteristics of respondents. The result revealed that most of the respondents (96%) were male. This chapter established that climate variability particularly strong wind, rainfall, and temperature has adverse effects on fishing activities such as reduction in fish catch, long duration of fishing, loss of fishing gear, change in fishing techniques, and effect on health; hence, the livelihoods of the residence are adversely affected on the long run. In addition to the adverse effect of poverty and loss of life for the fisher folks. Although, the fisher folks livelihoods depend mainly on fisheries resources and optimum fishing depends on favorable climate/weather conditions. Therefore, proper preventive coping strategies against the adverse effect of climate variables should be paramount in both States (Ondo and Ekiti) to improve livelihoods and food security.
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Küfeoğlu, Sinan. "SDG-13: Climate Action." In Emerging Technologies, 429–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07127-0_15.
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AbstractSDG-13, Climate Action, aims to adapt to climate change by mitigating adverse effects and keeping the temperature rise below 1.5° by the end of this century and prepare low-carbon development plans. Investing in adaptation is critical for limiting the adverse effects of climate change on human society. Every efficient policy for combating climate change, on the other hand, must decrease emissions to prevent future warming while also adapting to the unavoidable effects of climate change. This chapter presents the business models of 52 companies and use cases that employ emerging technologies and create value in SDG-13. We should highlight that one use case can be related to more than one SDG and it can make use of multiple emerging technologies.
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Eleblu, John Saviour Yaw, Eugene Tenkorang Darko, and Eric Yirenkyi Danquah. "Case for Climate Smart Agriculture in Addressing the Threat of Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 131–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_32.
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AbstractClimate smart agriculture (CSA) embodies a blend of innovations, practices, systems, and investment programmes that are used to mitigate against the adverse effects of climate change and variability on agriculture for sustained food production. Food crop production under various climate change scenarios requires the use of improved technologies that are called climate smart agriculture to ensure increased productivity under adverse conditions of increased global temperatures, frequent and more intense storms, floods and drought stresses. This chapter summarizes available information on climate change and climate smart agriculture technologies. It is important to evaluate each climate change scenario and provide technologies that farmers, research scientists, and policy drivers can use to create the desired climate smart agriculture given the array of tools and resources available.
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Sani, Qurat ul ain, Wajahat Maqsood, Faiza Munir, Adil Hussain, and Rabia Amir. "Plant Signaling Under Adverse Environment." In Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I, 605–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2156-0_21.
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Trivedi, Prabodh Kumar, Nehal Akhtar, Parul Gupta, and Pravendra Nath. "Metabolomic Approaches for Improving Crops Under Adverse Conditions." In Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance, 755–84. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527675265.ch28.
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Khanna, Kanika, Dhriti Kapoor, Priyanka Sharma, Palak Bakshi, Pooja Sharma, Poonam Saini, Puja Ohri, Bilal Ahmad Mir, Rupinder Kaur, and Renu Bhardwaj. "Plant-Microbe Interactions under Adverse Environment." In Plant Ecophysiology and Adaptation under Climate Change: Mechanisms and Perspectives I, 717–51. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2156-0_26.
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Schmalenbach, Kirsten. "Paris Agreement." In Corporate Liability for Transboundary Environmental Harm, 615–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13264-3_16.
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AbstractArticle 8 of the Paris Agreement, in its para. 1, recognises the importance of averting, minimising and addressing loss and damage associated with the adverse effects of climate change. With this, Article 8 connects with the Warsaw International Mechanism (WIM)-work programme of 2013 which specifies that adverse effects resulting from climate change can be both sudden and slow onset events.
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Rubatzky, Vincent E., and Mas Yamaguchi. "Controlling Climate for Vegetable Production in Adverse Climates and During Off-Seasons." In World Vegetables, 81–94. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6015-9_7.
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Noreldin, Tahany, Samiha Ouda, and Ahmed Taha. "Combating Adverse Consequences of Climate Change on Maize Crop." In Major Crops and Water Scarcity in Egypt, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21771-0_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Adverse climate"
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Koo, Dae-Hyun (Dan), Jai K. Jung, and Wontae Lee. "Sustainability Applications for Storm Drainage Systems Minimizing Adverse Impacts of Global Climate Change." In International Conference on Pipelines and Trenchless Technology. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412619.005.
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Adamopoulos, Ioannis, Aikaterini Frantzana, Jovanna Adamopoulou, and Niki Syrou. "Climate Change and Adverse Public Health Impacts on Human Health and Water Resources." In International Conference on Meteorology, Climatology and Atmospheric Physics. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2023026178.
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Pao, Wing Yi, Long Li, Martin Agelin-Chaab, and John Komar. "Drive-Thru Climate Tunnel: A Proposed Method to Study ADAS Performance in Adverse Weather." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-0827.
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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The advancement of Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) technologies offers tremendous benefits. ADAS features such as emergency braking, blind-spot monitoring, lane departure warning, adaptive cruise control, etc., are promising to lower on-road accident rates and severity. With a common goal for the automotive industry to achieve higher levels of autonomy, maintaining ADAS sensor performance and reliability is the core to ensuring adequate ADAS functionality. Currently, the challenges faced by ADAS sensors include performance degradation in adverse weather conditions and a lack of controlled evaluation methods. Outdoor testing encounters repeatability issues, while indoor testing with a stationary vehicle lacks realistic conditions. This study proposes a hybrid method to combine the advantages of both outdoor and indoor testing approaches in a Drive-thru Climate Tunnel (DCT). The proposed DCT features a test section that is isolated from the surrounding environment and allows a vehicle to move through a volume of precisely simulated precipitation. It is constructed as a model scale prototype for concept demonstration and preliminary studies. In addition, the DCT’s modular design allows for varying distances, vehicle speeds, and precipitation rates during testing. The model vehicle is equipped with common ADAS sensors, such as optical cameras and LiDARs, which are known to be heavily affected by adverse weather. Quantification metrics are designed and applied to ADAS datasets to investigate sensor performance in conjunction with related phenomena, such as the perceived rain characteristics of a moving vehicle. Therefore, the DCT provides a platform to bridge the gap between outdoor and indoor weather testing for ADAS sensors and open opportunities for sensor perception developments.</div></div>
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Tóth, Veronika, and Miriam Šebová. "Climate change awareness and climate-friendly activities: Identifying resident typologies in Košice, Slovakia." In XXIV. mezinárodního kolokvia o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-68.
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The research focuses on studying climate change awareness and climate-friendly activities among different socioeconomic groups in the city of Košice, Slovakia. Public awareness is a key element when tackling complex issues demanding wide-ranging compliance across sectors and individuals. In order to assess the perceptions and activities related to the climate change, we analyze the data stemming from survey conducted during the last quarter of 2019. Applying latent class cluster analysis to the sample of 368 observations, we were able to identify four types of respondents. These groups differ in the degree of vulnerability to adverse conditions due to climate change. This study sheds light on how different groups of citizens perceive the threat of climate change impacts in their everyday lives and how they act in order to adapt. Such findings can be applied by policymakers at both national and local level when designing and communicating socially just measures reflecting the needs of all major types of citizens. The paper identifies four different groups of residents based on their perceptions of climate change and their activities to adapt. Each group needs to be considered separately when designing adaptation strategy in order not to exacerbate existing socioeconomic inequalities. The findings also point to the need to strengthen municipality's activities in the area of climate change education.
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Мартынов, Михаил Александрович. "WAYS OF INCREASING ADAPTATION OF MILITARY SERVICES TO THE CONDITIONS OF AN ADVERSE HOT CLIMATE." In Психология. Спорт. Здравоохранение: сборник избранных статей по материалам Международной научной конференции (Санкт-Петербург, Декабрь 2020). Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/psm294.2020.93.76.002.
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В статье рассматриваются способы повышения адаптации военнослужащих к условиям неблагоприятного жаркого климата. Доказана высокая эффективность сочетанного воздействия тепловой нагрузки с физической и гипоксической нагрузкой. При текущем и восстановительном режимах коррекции большое внимание уделяется обеспечению обитаемости военнослужащих. The article discusses ways to improve the adaptation of servicemen to conditions of an unfavorable hot climate. The high efficiency of the combined effect of heat stress with physical and hypoxic stress has been proven. With the current and recovery modes of correction, much attention is paid to ensuring the habitability of military personnel.
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Ashraf Adly, Mariam. "The Influence of Diverse Building Height and Building Coverage Ratio on Outdoor Thermal Performance in Hot Climates: A Review." In 4th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 20-21 May 2021. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/iccaua2021161n9.
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Although urban form can significantly affect outdoor climatic conditions, urban planners do not sufficiently consider such impact while designing new urban communities in Egypt. Proper configuration of urban blocks can make positive contribution to alleviating the adverse effects of urban climate. However, new cities are constructed to be formed from lowly dense buildings that overlook curvilinear streets networks without considering orientation. Furthermore, the use of unified building heights, spaces of low aspect ratio and high sky view factor lead to less shaded areas. The research at hand aims to shed light on literature that discuss urban form parameters and their relation with outdoor spaces thermal performance in warmer climates. These studies are classified, analysed and compared in terms of the investigated parameters, and the methodological approach of each study. The findings can help to define gaps in the existing literature while providing holistic overview of the current state of art.
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Dasandara, S. P. M., U. Kulatunga, M. J. B. Ingirige, and T. Fernando. "CLIMATE CHANGE CHALLENGES FACING SRI LANKA: A LITERATURE REVIEW." In The 9th World Construction Symposium 2021. The Ceylon Institute of Builders - Sri Lanka, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/wcs.2021.16.
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The earth’s climate has changed throughout history and climate change can be identified as an inevitable phenomenon which is being experienced by the whole world. When considering the Sri Lankan context, it is no different to the global context in that the country’s climate has already changed. Sri Lanka, being an island state, is vulnerable to many climate change impacts including high-temperature levels, adverse weather events, sea level rising, and changes in precipitation patterns. The many challenges that arise from these climate-related issues are projected to continue through this century and beyond. Thus, climate change mitigation and adaptation have become the most appropriate ways to restrain these climate change challenges in Sri Lanka. It is paramount to get a broad understanding of how disastrous these climate change challenges are, prior to implementing appropriate responses to overcome them. This urges the need for conducting an in-depth investigation of prevailing climate change challenges in Sri Lanka. Thus, this study presents the prevailing climate change challenges facing Sri Lanka through a conceptual framework, that has been developed based on the existing literature. The developed framework reveals how these prevailing climate changes can lead to a number of challenges. These challenges were identified under three main categories as economic, social, and environmental challenges. The knowledge generated through this literature review will be the focus of future research.
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Rakhmindyarto, Rakhmindyarto. "Climate Policies in Indonesia’s Development Agenda: Why a Carbon Tax is Marginalised." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.83.
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Drawing on the results of an exploratory qualitative study based on in-depth interviews involving government executives, politicians, business players, and non-government organisations (NGOs), this paper explores climate policies in Indonesia’s national development agenda, including whether a carbon tax could be one of the national priority policy goals. The results suggest that there is heterogeneity in how Indonesian key stakeholders perceive climate policies in Indonesia’s development agenda. Indonesian stakeholders are cognisant of the adverse impacts of climate change on social, economic, and environmental aspects. They also acknowledge that having clear and sound climate mitigation policies is required to achieve Indonesia’s ambitious GHG emissions reduction target. However, Indonesia’s development policy goals are focusing on economic growth, in particular boosting infrastructure investments, reducing poverty and inequality, and job expansion. This makes climate policies are compromised and has created conflicts between Indonesia’s development agenda and its commitment to deal with climate change issues. Overall, the study finds that climate policies are incompatible with Indonesia’s development agenda, therefore a carbon tax is placed at the bottom of the national policy goals.
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Lappay, Allan Peejay M. "Advancing Paulinian Core Values As SPUP’s Response To Climate Change." In 8TH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE. Tomorrow People Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.52987/sdc.2021.002.
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Abstract With the adverse effects of Climate Change in the environment, it is necessary to critically examine attitudes and behaviors relevant to environmental values. Highlighting the incorporation of the Paulinian Core Values, St. Paul University Philippines (SPUP) fostered environmental programs, projects, activities, and partnerships towards the realization of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on Climate Change. Utilizing the descriptive research design, this study examined the extent of integration of the Paulinian Core Values, namely: Christ-centeredness, Commission, Charity, Charism, and Community in the implementation of SPUP’s Climate Change initiatives. With participants composed of teachers, students, alumni, and members of partner-communities, the results showed that the degree of integration of the Paulinian Core Values in the realization of the University’s Climate Change-related endeavors is gauged to a “Very Great Extent”. Moreover, the findings also demonstrated the ability of SPUP to foster relevant and responsive environmental advocacy in engaging its academic and partner-communities towards the advancement of its Climate Change undertakings. This is reflected in the paradigm on SPUP Environmental Core Values, where the principles of ecological spirituality, environmental integrity, environmental justice, environmental engagement, and environmental stewardship are advanced vis-à-vis the Paulinian Core Values. KEYWORDS: St. Paul University Philippines, Climate Change initiatives, Paulinian Core Values, Environmental advocacy, SPUP Environmental Core Values
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Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbieta M. "Wind and Wave Climate in Open Sea and Coastal Waters." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61854.
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Wind and wave climate is much region and location dependent, affected by local properties of ocean environment. For safety of world-wide sailing ships knowledge about wind and wave climate is important, not only for open sea, but also in coastal areas. Wind and waves impact ship design, marine operations and they challenge ability of ships to maintain manoeuvrability in sea states. Their description differs in open sea and coastal waters, and recently it has got an attention due to the issue of the 2013 Interim Guidelines by IMO where adverse weather conditions to be used in assessment of ship manoeuvrability have been proposed. The present study shows differences between open sea and coastal water wind and wave climate using hindcast data in the analysis. The description of open sea metocean conditions is limited to the North Atlantic while European waters are used as representative for coastal regions. Correlations between wind speed and significant wave height as well as significant wave height and spectral peak period are established and compare with the ones suggested by the 2013 Interim Guidelines. Challenges in providing metocean description for assessment of ship manoeuvrability and uncertainties related to it are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Adverse climate"
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Cicala, Steve, David Hémous, and Morten Olsen. Adverse Selection as a Policy Instrument: Unraveling Climate Change. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30283.
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Detges, Adrien, and Adrian Foong. Foreign Policy Implications of Climate Change in Focus Regions of European External Action. Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc020.
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In a globalised world, the effects of climate change are likely to cascade across borders. Climate impacts in one location may have far reaching consequences in other places by affecting trade, migration, investments, and foreign policy objectives. Whether such cascading effects are likely to materialise depends in turn on a number of social, economic, and political factors that reinforce or attenuate the effects of climate change on economic development, migration, political stability, etc. These moderating conditions are crucial when considering possible challenges in connection with climate change, and opportunities for addressing them. In this report, we discuss the possible effects of climate change on issues at the core of European foreign, security, and development policy – namely, the impacts of climate change on livelihoods, food security, migration, and political stability in regions with close ties to Europe, where those impacts may affect European foreign policy objectives in a significant way. Across regions, we identify a number of challenges and opportunities in different scenarios, which assume either more or less favourable moderating conditions (i.e., with regard to technology and physical infrastructure; resource and conflict management; economic opportunities; trade and access to markets; governance and state-citizen relations; and social and diplomatic relations). Despite important challenges and mounting climatic pressures in all considered regions, our results leave some room for optimism. Depending on their ability to build strong and inclusive institutions, promote sustainable development, and strengthen social and diplomatic ties, affected countries and their partners might be able to reduce the risk of adverse cascading effects in connection with a warming world. Climate change will become increasingly challenging in the coming years, yet its effects are ultimately determined by social, economic, and political factors. Studying what makes societies susceptible to be adversely affected by climate change and how such conditions evolve over time then gives an indication of where to direct adaptation efforts. The moderating conditions presented in this report offer as many “levers” for preparing against the adverse effects of climate change.
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Finkelstein-Shapiro, Alan, and Victoria Nuguer. Climate Policies, Labor Markets, and Macroeconomic Outcomes in Emerging Economies. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004844.
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We study the labor market and macroeconomic effects of introducing a carbon tax in the energy sector in emerging economies (EMEs) by building a framework with equilibrium unemployment and firm entry that incorporates key elements of the distinct employment and firm structure of EMEs. Our model endogenizes the adoption of green energy-production technologies--a core element of policy discussions regarding the transition to a low-carbon economy. Calibrating the model to EME data, we show that a carbon tax fosters greater green technology adoption and increases the share of green energy produced. However, the tax leads to higher energy prices, which reduce salaried firm creation and formal employment and increase self-employment, labor participation, and unemployment. As a result, the tax generates output and welfare losses. Green technology adoption plays a key role in limiting the quantitative magnitude of these losses, while the response of self-employment is crucial to explaining the adverse labor market and macroeconomic effects of the policy. Given this finding, we show that a carbon tax coupled with a plausible reduction in the cost of becoming a formal firm can offset the adverse effects of the tax and generate a transition to a lower-carbon economy with minimal economic costs. Finally, we show that lowering green-technology adoption costs or the cost of green-energy production inputs--two alternative climate policies--reduces emissions while limiting the output and welfare costs compared to a carbon tax.
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Suding, Paul Hugo. Chemical Plants GHG Emissions: Reconciling the Financing of Chemical Plants with Climate Change Objectives. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009153.
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This technical note presents orientation for project teams and clients on how to reconcile the financing of chemical plants with climate change objectives. In lieu of minimum performance criteria, it provides quantitative benchmarks by which to prioritize levels of attention. It also provides guidance on assessing and encouraging the reduction of projects' greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with the best available appropriate technologies. The present document in form of a technical note, therefore, conveys an approach to financing chemical plants in a manner consistent with the IDB's commitment to protecting the environment and reducing adverse impacts on the global climate, as established in its Environment and Safeguards Compliance Policy.
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Lucas, Brian. The Impacts of Climate Change on Illicit Drug Cultivation. Institute of Development Studies, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4dd.2024.003.
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This rapid evidence review explores how climate change can create incentives for participating in illicit drug production by disrupting agricultural and natural-resource-based livelihoods and exacerbating social, economic, and political stresses and conflict. However, it is difficult to identify a precise causal relationship between the impacts of climate change and illicit drug production, and the effects of climate change appear to be limited compared with other driving forces. In Afghanistan, climate change is expected to contribute to rising temperatures, worsening water stress, and increasing frequency and severity of extreme weather events. Adverse effects of climate change and conflict on agricultural livelihoods and irrigation infrastructure have contributed to increased opium poppy cultivation, but farmers’ decisions about growing poppies are strongly influenced by security, social, political, economic, technological, and market factors. Across Latin America, climate change is expected to cause increasing temperatures, significant changes in precipitation patterns, and water scarcity, which will strengthen incentives for illicit crop production. However, other factors including changing patterns of demand for drugs globally, rural poverty and limited economic opportunities, low and volatile prices for coffee and other agricultural commodities in international markets, and the legacy of conflict (in Colombia) appear to have greater influence than climate change on illicit crop production patterns.
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Perrault, Anne, and Stephen Leonard. The Green Climate Fund: Accomplishing a Paradigm Shift? Rights and Resources Initiative, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.53892/mkmz2578.
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The Green Climate Fund (GCF), established in 2010 at the 16th Conference of Parties (COP16) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), is now the world’s largest climate financing institution. It has a current investment portfolio of 43 approved projects totaling around US$2 billion, and has 48 Accredited Entities (AEs) to support implementation, including UN agencies, banks, NGOs, and private companies. Through its investments, the GCF aims to achieve a paradigm shift in developing countries, toward low-emissions development and climate resilience. GCF investments must indicate whether and how they could impact Indigenous Peoples, local communities, and women who are most at risk from the adverse effects of climate change (e.g. via environmental and social management plans). These goals, however, are currently being challenged by inadequacies in the Fund’s policies and frameworks. GCF safeguards fail to recognize the critical contributions of rural peoples to the maintenance of ecosystem services that are essential to international climate and development objectives, and to offer adequate protection for their land and resource rights. Drawing on international standards and GCF policy documents, this report traces the adequacy and implementation effectiveness of the Fund’s current institutional frameworks across a representative sample of approved projects. Noting critical gaps in nearly every aspect of the Fund’s operational modalities and project approval processes, the report calls on the GCF to take progressive steps to make Indigenous Peoples’ and local communities’ rights a key part of its climate actions going forward.
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Bhowmick, Shuvasish, ed. Biodigesters and Green Productivity: A Sustainable Approach to Clean Cooking. Asian Productivity Organization, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61145/ehmt9812.
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Cooking with traditional fuels releases pollutants into the environment and impacts human health. To promote sustainability and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, Shuvasish Bhowmick introduces the utilization of biogas in biodigesters as a fuel source. Its production, uses, and benefits as an environmentally friendly option with few adverse effects on human health and climate are discussed in this P-Insights report.
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Ayala – García, Jhorland, and Federico Ceballos – Sierra. How do environmental shocks affect competitors in a supply chain? Evidence from a competitors’ weighting matrix. Banco de la República, February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.324.
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Quantifying the impact of supply shocks on global commodity trade networks is an increasing concern for researchers under the current threats of climate change and the lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper proposes a novel methodology to estimate these effects across the entire trade network: we create a weight matrix based on an index that captures the extent to which two coffee-producing countries compete within consumer markets. Using this matrix, we estimate the degree to which an adverse weather shock in a coffee-producing country influences the coffee production of its competitors. Our results show that this adverse shock has a negative direct effect on the country’s coffee exports and, importantly, a positive effect on the quantities produced by its competitors.
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Shirai, Sayuri. An Overview on Climate Change, Environment, and Innovative Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies. Asian Development Bank Institute, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56506/drtf8552.
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The global economy has been facing a series of adverse shocks in recent years including the COVID-19 pandemic, climate crisis, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, high inflation, and interest rate shocks driven by global monetary policy normalization. The high cost of fossil fuels since 2021, moreover, has reminded the world that investment for clean energy projects has been severely inadequate due to limited implementation of climate policies and limited capital inflows to financing decarbonization efforts. While overdependence on fossil fuels might be inevitable currently, the world needs to accelerate transition to carbon neutrality and also begin to cope with nature capital stock and biodiversity losses, which are happening at an alarming pace. In particular, more financial support should be provided to emerging and developing economies (EMDEs) to help achieve climate and environmental goals and other sustainable development goals (SDGs). We give an overview of some innovative finance schemes applicable to EMDEs, including blended finance to mobilize more private capital to climate and environmental projects and debt-for-climate swaps (or debt-for-nature swaps), to provide de facto grants to small high-debt economies in exchange for climate projects (or nature protection). We also provide some suggestions for further actions through better coordination among donor and recipient nations led by G7 and G20 nations.
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Detges, Adrien, André Mueller, and Michelle Helene Reuter. Climate vulnerability and security in the Euphrates-Tigris Basin. Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc026.
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Climate change will affect millions of people in the Euphrates-Tigris basin. It will add to other foreseeable challenges in a region that is undergoing rapid demographic changes and development, that is grappling with political instability, and that struggles to manage its shared water resources sustainably. Resisting and preparing for the adverse impacts of climate change will be essential for the riparian countries Iraq, Turkey, Syria, and Iran. Their chances to do so successfully over the coming years will largely depend on their ability to build and bolster strong institutions and a healthy economy, to provide a safe environment for their citizens, to carefully manage their natural resources, and to maintain peaceful and productive relations among each other. Looking ahead to the year 2050, this paper develops three possible scenarios for the Euphrates-Tigris basin, each one marked by distinct vulnerability conditions and opportunities for the basin countries to withstand the effects of climate change. Based on these distinctions, the paper identifies scenario-specific climate risks for water resources, lives, and livelihoods, as well as possible implications for migration, political stability, and cross-border water cooperation. The paper builds on CASCADES research which examines the impacts of climate change on trade, investments, sustainable development and human security in the European neighbourhood, with a view to inform European policies and improve interregional cooperation. The scenarios presented in this paper have been co-developed with 30 experts from the region, representing the fields of climate change adaptation, natural resource management, conflict prevention, and other relevant areas, to allow for a multidisciplinary perspective on major challenges and possible solutions. The methodological approach is described in the appendix. The scenarios presented here are not exhaustive. Rather, they display a diverse set of possible future challenges and opportunities to inform strategic planning, promote flexible policies, and encourage a range of adaptation measures by the basin countries and their European partners.