Dissertations / Theses: 'Adventure tourism'

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Burak, Phil G. "The nature of adventure in soft adventure tourism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34302.pdf.

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Smith, Louise. "'Aaaarrrrgggghhhhhh' : representing adventure tourism in New Zealand." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393896.

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Pomfret, Gill. "An exploration of adventure tourism participation and consumption." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2016. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/15589/.

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Growing demand for and supply of adventure tourism activities, particularly packaged adventure holidays, means there is a need to understand adventure tourists. At the start of my research journey, the embryonic nature of adventure tourism research and the limited extant literature about adventure tourists provided the impetus to develop understanding of these tourists as a unique group of adventurers. Accordingly, the aim of this programme of research is to demonstrate the empirical and conceptual contributions that my published works make to the knowledge and understanding of adventure tourism participation and consumption. My research ethos reflects an interpretivist approach and my empirical publications predominantly report on qualitative data drawn from interviews and surveys with adventure tourists. The research contribution is achieved through two Focal Concepts. Firstly, adventure tourism participation, i.e.: the different elements which influence tourists to take adventure holidays in the first place. My work explores the distinctive characteristics of adventure tourists and how these influence their decision to participate in adventure tourism, their motivational decisions, risk perceptions, flow (Csikszentmihalyi, 1975) as a motivation for continued participation in adventure tourism, and their lifestyles. My publications are some of the first academic studies to develop new thinking relative to key influences which drive package tourists and independent tourists to participate in adventure tourism. Secondly, adventure tourism consumption, i.e.: tourists’ experiences of actually consuming adventure activities while on holiday. Adventure is often all-consuming and challenging and this means it can prompt diverse and conflicting emotions, ranging from feelings of fear and risk to deep satisfaction and elation. Consequently, my work investigates the emotional journeys which adventure tourists experience during activity consumption. Additionally, it examines the benefits which tourists gain from consuming adventure, and the influences on their adventure tourism experiences. My publications are some of the foremost studies to develop understanding of adventure tourism consumption.

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Beedie, Paul A. "An investigation of identity formation in mountain based adventure tourism." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4315.

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Janowski, Ingo M. "Cross-Cultural Consumer Perceptions and Behavioural Intentions towards Adventure Tourism." Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/418256.

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Adventure tourism is considered a cornerstone of the tourism industry by the World Tourism Organisation and has experienced rapid growth prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. This growth was facilitated by ever more diversified consumer demand for adventure tourism, with a fusion of traditional Western markets and emerging Eastern markets that increasingly seek active outdoor experiences. Due to their nature-based location, adventure tourism experiences are expected to also be in high demand as part of the recovery of international travel from the pandemic. Yet, research that examines consumers’ adventure tourism perceptions, intentions, and influencing factors on their decision-making across cultures remains scarce. This study addresses these gaps, focusing on youth consumers due to their high importance for the global tourism industry and their ability to shape the behaviour of future generations of travellers. The Chinese youth market, which is compared to the Australian and German youth markets, is this study’s primary focus. Specifically, this study investigates four antecedents to youth consumers’ intention to participate in adventure tourism across cultures. These antecedents encompass (1) the youth consumers’ perceptions of adventure tourism, comprised of associated dimensions and attitudes towards those dimensions, (2) factors that drive intention, (3) potential barriers to intention, and (4) cultural traits that moderate these perceptions, drivers, and barriers. First, this study reviews the literature systematically to conceptualise adventure tourism. The derived framework highlights 22 dimensions of adventure tourism, differentiated into consumer-based, product-based, and hybrid pillars. Given the intent of this study to investigate influences on behavioural intention, this study then employs the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a theoretical basis to guide empirical data iii collection. The TPB is a well-established theory on consumer behaviour and tourism literature. Study 1 consists of focus group discussions (N=24) and Study II of individual online interviews (N=67). Combinedly, they investigate the sample cultures of mainland China (n=34), Australia (n=37), and Germany (n=20). A pre-interview survey and a photo-elicitation activity - that incorporates six diverse adventure tourism activities - further support data collection and assist in identifying youth consumers’ adventure tourism perceptions, drivers and barriers to intention, and respective underlying cultural moderating factors. Findings show that youth consumers across all cultures perceive adventure tourism as physically and/or mentally challenging tourism activities in nature that provide a sense of novelty, excitement, enjoyment, and, occasionally, risk. Youth consumer attitudes towards these various elements are predominantly positive across all cultures. Immersion and interaction with the natural environment and novelty of the adventure activity and its setting are highly sought after. Cultural discrepancies are most evident in the risk dimension. Chinese youth consumers are highly risk-avoidant and value safety, while the risk tolerance of Australians and Germans is higher. Chinese are also more concerned about self-efficacy and overly physical challenge than Australians and Germans. Previous travel and outdoor activity experience, the influence of friends, and the COVID-19 pandemic drive adventure tourism intention across cultures. Chinese decision-making is also highly influenced and driven by various online channels, both pre and post-adventure. Their inspiration and intention habitually derives from online content consumption and is further solidified through in-depth online research of their adventure activity of interest. Post experience, Chinese seek self-promotion through the online sharing of their adventure experience. Spontaneous opportunity for adventure in the iv destination drives Australian and German intention, yet, is not driving Chinese intention due to different decision-making processes which are explained in the study. Group sizes of more than six, the high cost of some activities, and a lack of time impede youth consumers’ adventure tourism intentions across cultures. Moreover, limited trustworthiness towards the adventure operator in the destination - based on first impressions of the shop, equipment, and staff - poses a barrier for the Australian and German markets. Contrariwise, a lack of opportunity to conduct adventure tourism is a barrier for Chinese consumers. National and family cultures moderate youth consumers’ adventure tourism perceptions, drivers, barriers, and thus their intentions. Overall, Australian culture is adventure-inclined, German culture adventure-receptive, and Chinese culture adventure-reluctant. Despite this, Chinese youth consumers are highly interested in adventure tourism and surprisingly independent in their decision-making. The study, therefore, proposes differentiated and direct targeted marketing to Chinese youth consumers that implements the various learnings that emerge from this research. The findings of this study significantly contribute to the body of knowledge of adventure tourism, youth consumer behaviour and, specifically, the influence of culture on intention to participate in adventure tourism. This research has developed a comprehensive academic conceptualisation of adventure tourism and makes a further theoretical contribution through identifying six determinants of tourist behaviour, building upon the TPB. These determinants include the tourist’s perception of the tourism activity, cognitive/affective drivers and barriers, third party perceptions, the ability to perform the tourism activity, previous experience, and spontaneous decision-making. Practically, this research informs tourism providers seeking to attract youth consumers of different cultural backgrounds, particularly in an adventure tourism context. Findings advocate for v a marketing and product design approach that considers consumers’ culturally diverse values, attitudes, and behaviours.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Dept Tourism, Sport & Hot Mgmt
Griffith Business School
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Violi, Jeff. "Developing Crown land in Northern Ontario for the purposes of adventure and nature tourism." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ42337.pdf.

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Nyman, Karin, and Mårten Lückner. "The balance between risk and safety in dangerous activities : A Case study of Risk Management in a Mountaineering Expedition." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-91167.

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Risk is an increasingly important factor of our modern society, but that does not mean that risks have become higher today versus any other epoch of human history. Especially in the developed world, risks have been progressively lowered over time. In opposition to the declining risk in everyday life of our modern society, there seems to be an apparent increasing prevalence of risk-taking in our leisure pursuits. More people are willing to take unenforced risks and the fast growing development of adventure tourism is a good example of this. The main purpose of this thesis is to create an understanding how service providers of dangerous activities manage the balance risk and safety in interaction with their customer. Our research objective is to obtain an understanding of risk management practice in a context with the potential physical risks inherent in adventure tourism. The organizational structure for a service provider in extreme environments can be similar to a temporary organizational structure and can therefore be seen from a project management perspective. This research is conducted through a qualitative case-study, which was carried out in the context of a mountaineering expedition in the attempt to summit Mount Everest. Our empirical data are gathered from a database created by the research project Extreme Environments – Everyday Decisions (Triple ED). This database contains numerous transcribed interviews, tracking records, and field notes that was used in order to interpret and analyze the expedition and encounters happening during the process of this mountaineering expedition. Our empirical findings suggest that management of a balance between risk and safety is highly dependent on honest communication. Educated personnel that have the experience and knowledge necessary to manage an expedition or group in a similar setting are another key feature. Furthermore, managing a balance between physical risk and safety is an on-going process in the context of adventure tourism with a large amount interaction between the service provider’s representatives and their customers. For these reasons, the building of a well-functioning relationship between the incorporated strong stakeholders is of importance when balancing risk and safety in a dangerous activity with inherent risks for physical harm.

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Tschapka, Michael Karl, and n/a. "Involvement, motivation and setting preferences of participants in the adventure tourism activity of SCUBA diving." University of Canberra. Languages, International Studies & Tourism, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061128.125036.

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Adventure tourism is a growing market sector worldwide including Australia. A range of research exists that examined participation in adventure tourism activities by consideration of various aspects such as socio-demographics, motivations, activity/setting preferences and involvement in the activity to understand the adventure tourist. While studies have been conducted that included several of these aspects, a holistic investigation of involvement, motivations and setting preferences together has not been conducted previously regarding adventure tourism in Australia in general and SCUBA diving in particular. Furthermore, in Australia, only limited information is available about those who participate in the adventure activity of SCUBA diving. The aim of this research is to investigate differences and similarities of involvement, motivations and setting preferences of SCUBA diving club members in Eastern Australia. In this study 294 SCUBA diving club members in New South Wales and Queensland were surveyed by utilisation of a web-based questionnaire in order to identify their involvement in SCUBA diving, socio-demographic characteristics, participation motives and setting preferences. Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of divers, their motivations and setting preferences. Principal component analysis was applied on involvement variables as well as motivations to investigate the underlying constructs. Agglomerative and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to derive clusters of divers that differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. Exact Pearson chi-square tests were conducted to test whether there were significant differences concerning sociodemographics between clusters. In addition, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted to determine differences and similarities of motivational components and setting preferences between clusters. This study found that SCUBA diving club members are a heterogeneous group regarding their involvement in SCUBA diving. Five clusters of divers emerged that differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. While differences in socio-demographics across the different involvement clusters were revealed, they proved to be less valuable for interpretation purposes. Regarding divers� setting preferences, similar structures were observed across all clusters regardless of differences in involvement. Motivations showed a complex structure across the clusters in regard to divers� involvement in SCUBA diving. Based on the studies findings, recommendations for future research were suggested. These emphasised the need for a holistic examination of motivations and setting preferences of adventure tourists based on the concept of involvement, which would be important for theory development and segmentation of tourists. The same holistic approach would also be valuable for examining other types of tourists such as events tourists and heritage tourists to better understand tourist behaviour.

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Laing, Jennifer H., and Jennifer Laing@BusEco monash edu au. "EXTRAORDINARY JOURNEYS: MOTIVATIONS BEHIND FRONTIER TRAVEL EXPERIENCES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TOURISM MARKETING." La Trobe University. School of Business, 2006. http://www.lib.latrobe.edu.au./thesis/public/adt-LTU20070516.142914.

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Tourists are now visiting some of the most remote and amazing places on Earth, travelling to �frontiers� on journeys that are psychological and emotional as well as geographical or physical. These extraordinary journeys to the Poles, the peaks of the highest mountains in the world, harsh deserts and even outer space test both physical and mental endurance and can be characterised as �unique� even in the current era. Travelling largely without the aid of a commercial tour operator or guide, the frontier traveller usually invests a great deal of time and resources in their travel experience, often with the assistance of sponsorship, and generally takes part in an extensive and arduous preparation period in their quest for the extraordinary. While the search for new and unique tourism destinations and experiences appears to be relentless in this post-modern era, the frontier traveller appears to be searching for the �authentic� beyond the �tourist bubble,� both in relation to self and setting. These frontier �trailblazers� are already being followed by guided adventure tourists and some of the former are supplementing their incomes and funding their own travel by leading tours or guiding others to the frontier. Studying the extraordinary experiences of the frontier traveller could therefore provide us with a glimpse of the future of travel, although likely to occur in a more structured and less risky guise. Uncovering the motivations for this form of travel will also assist with future marketing of these experiences, including elements of the marketing mix such as product development and promotion. This thesis examines the motivations behind frontier travel and considers the implications of the findings for tourism marketing. Unstructured, long interviews with 37 individuals were used to uncover the motivations behind these experiences, supplemented by content analysis of narratives produced by frontier travellers, encompassing 50 autobiographies, two online diaries and online interviews with two individuals. The interview participants were largely selected through purposive sampling, in that they were screened as fitting the criteria of a past or potential frontier traveller before being interviewed. They were predominantly born and living in Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, and 29 of the 37 individuals were male. Ages of participants ranged from 24 to 60 years of age. Interviews continued until saturation of categories of motivation had been reached. Texts were mainly located through searches of bookshops and libraries, including the author�s personal library. A qualitative methodological approach was chosen in order to provide rich data and allow the researcher to enter the world of the frontier traveller. An interpretive paradigm based on a constructivist paradigm underpinned this study, with an ontological stance based on multiple realities and an epistemological position where participants and myself as the researcher created understandings. The methodology outlined above was consistent with this position and was designed to identify different constructions of the data and seek consensus, where possible. The literature on motivations provides a complex plethora of theories and models, many of which contradict each other, so a principal objective of this study was to work from first principles, grounding a theory of motivations pertaining to frontier travel experiences in the data, rather than seeking to test out a pre-existing model or theory. Overall, the research findings show that motivations for frontier travel can be analysed under the broad heading of �adventure,� which is composed of a variety of sub-motives such as achievement and competence, challenge, thrill-seeking and sensation, ego, dreams or fantasies, self-actualisation, cognizance (exploration/discovery), freedom/escape motives (autonomy), isolation and solitude, spirituality, camaraderie and communitas, authenticity, prestige (external rewards), pro-social motives and a love of nature and wilderness. Risk or danger is an element of these experiences and feeds into many of the motivations identified in this study. A theory of motivations behind frontier travel experiences has been developed, covering intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, as well as achievement-motivated behaviour. Pre-travel influences and inspirations such as literature, cinema, visual stimuli, childhood games, heroes and mentors, family influences and educative influences are also considered with respect to their effect on motivational behaviour. An exploratory typology was then developed for frontier travellers, based on common motivations, which might be used to segment the market. Four basic types have been identified and labelled or categorised as �Seekers of Truth,� �Enlightened Explorers,� �Concerned Elitists,� and �Freedom Seekers.� Key motivations behind specific frontier travel experiences have also been identified. Each frontier traveller will exhibit some, but not all, of the motivations highlighted in this study. Segmenting the market on the basis of motivations may therefore be a difficult, if not impossible task. However, marketers could use the information unearthed during this study in the marketing mix to develop new products aimed at satisfying some of the key motivations and use the findings as themes to be highlighted in promotional literature such as brochures and websites. This thesis also argues that the study of travel motivations in the future would be better served by considering motivations behind market niches such as frontier travel, rather than attempting to develop a comprehensive theory of motivations covering the whole travel industry.

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Kane, Maurice J., and n/a. "New Zealand�s adventure culture : In Hillary�s steps : a Bourdieusian exploration." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090422.141858.

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Historically adventure has been associated with successful, yet, dangerous endeavours that expand the knowledge, wealth, reputation, or safety of society. Previous research would suggest that the practices and stories of adventure have guided and benchmarked societal morals and ideas considered common �truths�. In New Zealand, society�s understandings of adventure are entwined with a mythologised cultural identity based on the egalitarian minded and physically active, outdoor pioneering male. These ideals were complimented and presented as a global representation of New Zealand by Sir Edmund Hillary�s successful climb of Mount Everest in 1953. The purpose of this thesis is to examine New Zealand�s understandings of adventure since 1953. The thesis centres its enquiry on a group of individuals who have obtained social distinction as adventurers, seeking to scrutinize in their adventure practice and narratives, adventure understandings that are legitimised or invalidated. Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu�s theoretical concepts guide the enquiry approach. Bourdieu sought to transcend the false antinomy of sociology that presented dualist perspectives, such as the individual and society, conceptualising all practice in a dynamic matrix of relational social space. The individuals with distinction as adventurers personify the socially recognised and valued features of adventure. Equally, however, an amalgamation of features does not infer a definitive understanding. The substance of understandings, Bourdieu suggests, is in the relational strategies, consistencies, transformations, and knowing misrecognitions that frame the features of a practice in a social space. The research process adopted to examine the adventure understandings was a biographical narrative approach. The contention of this approach being, that in stories of life experience individuals with adventure distinction construct self and social meaning. The published autobiographical adventure narratives, media interviews, and related accounts of 12 New Zealand adventurers provided the initial research material. Additionally, nine of the adventurers took part in research interviews. The interpretation of the research material was framed by three of Bourdieu�s prominent conceptual ideas; the development of �habitus�, the struggle for �capital� in the field of adventre and the legitimacy of �distinction�. This interpretation was facilitated by theories related to adventure and leisure practice, the risks and contexts of adventure, and to individual, subcultural, and social identity. By applying a Bourdieusian lens on the practice and narratives of New Zealand adventurers with distinction, this thesis illuminates new aspects of New Zealand�s cultural understandings of adventure. It revealed a contested and relational struggle to have some practices legitimised as adventure and others devalued as contrived common thrills, or fortuitously survived reckless epics. A practice that typifies the thrill spectrum is �Bungy Jumping�, the contemporary global representation of adventure in New Zealand. In regard of epic practices, topical through the period of adventure interviews was the 2004 motion picture �Touching the Void�. Although this involved English climbers in South America in the 1980s, it has retained global prominence as a modern adventure/survival epic. The interpretation of this contested adventure space details the valued and recognised features that construct New Zealand�s understandings of adventure. The findings also provide an empirical basis for the equally valued misrepresented adventure understandings related to injury, exclusivity, and normalisation of practice. Additionally, the research interpretation indicates the potential for transformation of adventure understandings. Finally, although the study is situated within a specific social and historical context, it contributes to the on-going exchange of meanings about adventure, especially in relation to outdoor practice, in contemporary society.

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Decol, Felipe. "Turismo de aventura em Três Coroas : análise a partir dos critérios do adventure tourism development index." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1435.

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O turismo de aventura, visto como forma de turismo alternativo, deve seguir os princípios da sustentabilidade. A cidade de Três Coroas utiliza-se de seus recursos naturais na promoção do turismo de aventura. Entre as modalidades de turismo de aventura existentes no município, o rafting é predominante, e identificar como esta atividade se desenvolve é relevante para o desenvolvimento do turismo local. O estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a sustentabilidade das atividades do turismo de aventura em Três Coroas, a exemplo do rafting, utilizando critérios do Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI). Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, observação participante e pesquisas bibliográficas. As entrevistas foram realizadas com cinco empresários das operadoras de turismo de aventura e com o diretor de turismo do município. Os dados coletados foram utilizados para a avaliação e classificação do turismo de aventura do município. A análise destes dados foi feita por meio dos critérios do ATDI. Foram avaliadas como positivas a relação entre o poder público e os empresários, que colocam o turismo como fator estratégico para o desenvolvimento do município, as boas condições da qualidade dos serviços e da infraestrutura. As deficiências foram encontradas na falta de controle sobre a capacidade de carga suportada pelo ambiente, problemas com a poluição do rio Paranhana, utilizado nas atividades de turismo, e carência de serviços básicos que são fundamentais para o desenvolvimento sustentável do turismo, como saneamento básico e saúde. A diversificação das atividades por meio de investimento em novos segmentos de turismo alternativo podem significar melhor aproveitamento do fluxo turístico do município.
Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-01-26T16:18:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Felipe Decol.pdf: 12300371 bytes, checksum: 230e62452d2d9b173874cb664b01daae (MD5)
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES
Adventure tourism, as a form of alternative tourism, should follow the principles of sustainability. The city of Três Coroas uses natural resources to promote adventure tourism. Among the existing adventure tourism activities in the city, the rafting is the more relevant activity to the development of local tourism. The research's objective was assess the sustainability of adventure tourism activities in the city of Três Coroas, using the pillars of Adventure Tourism Development Index (ATDI). The survey data were collected by interviews, participant observation and literature research. The interviews were conducted with five businessmen of adventure tourism and the municipal tourism director. The collected data were used for the assessment and classification of Três Coroas' adventure tourism, by the criteria of the Adventure Tourism Development Index. The relationship between public authorities and entrepreneurs, who put tourism as a strategic factor for the city's development, the quality of services, and the infrastructure were assessed as positive. The lack of control, over the carrying capacity supported by the environment, insufficient basic services, that are essential to the sustainable development of tourism, such as basic sanitation and health, and the Paranhana's river pollution problems were classified as negative. The tourism diversification by investing in new alternative tourism segments can mean better utilization of the tourist flow in the city.

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DIAS, Pollyana Pugas. "O desenvolvimento do ecoturismo em Pernambuco: uma análise sob a ótica da governança." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/4646.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The tourism market growth is gaining expressiveness while economic activity, given its ability to generate income and job. In Brazil, after 2003, with the creation of Tourism Ministry, the industry have been gaining space and becoming more diversified, between the different strands observed. Ecotourism as an alternative has a great potential. However, there are still few studies in the literature to study ecotourism from this approach. Thus, the aim of this work was investigate the existing supply segment of ecotourism in the state of Pernambuco, starting with an analysis from the perspective of governance. Therefore, we investigated 18 ecotourist companies in Pernambuco. Primary data was collected through the use of questionnaires, plus a survey of secondary data. Then the data was interpreted from an analytical model based on aspects of governance structures discussed in the theoretical framework of the new institutional economics (NIE). The results revealed the existence of a growing ecotourism market. These companies offer services to 18 destinations in the state, developing activities that integrate the supply of ecotourism activities with adventure tourism. The agents in that market suffer from weaknesses that range from business structuring to the difficulty of these companies fit into the structures of regulation. They still rely on factors stimulating business, from the development actions promoted by government agencies and membership organizations. We concluded that the ecotourism market in the state of Pernambuco is an activity still in development, but it needs the action of targeted funding agencies that assist in greater formalization and professionalization of the sector.
O crescimento do mercado turístico vem ganhando expressividade enquanto atividade econômica, dada sua capacidade de geração de empego e renda. No Brasil, a partir do ano de 2003, com a criação do Ministério do Turismo, o setor vem ganhando espaço e se diversificando e, entre as diversas vertentes observadas, o Ecoturismo figura como uma alternativa de grande potencial. Entretanto, ainda são escassos na literatura trabalhos que estudem o ecoturismo a partir desse enfoque. Dessa forma esse trabalho objetivou investigar a oferta existente do segmento de ecoturismo no estado de Pernambuco, partindo de uma análise sob a ótica da governança. Para tanto foram investigadas 18 empresas do universo ecoturístico de Pernambuco. Os dados primários foram levantados mediante o uso de questionários, além de um levantamento de dados secundários. Em seguida os dados foram interpretados a partir de um modelo analítico baseado nos aspectos de estruturas de governança abordados no referencial teórico da nova economia institucional (NEI). Os resultados revelaram a existência de um mercado ecoturístico crescente. Essas empresas oferecem serviços em 18 destinos no estado, desenvolvendo atividades que integram a oferta de ecoturismo com atividades do turismo de aventura. Os agentes presentes nesse mercado padecem de fragilidades que vão desde a estruturação empresarial até a dificuldade dessas empresas em se adequarem a estruturas de regulação. As mesmas ainda contam com fatores de estímulo ao negócio, provenientes das ações de fomento, promovidas por órgãos públicos e organizações associativas. Concluiu-se que o mercado ecoturístico no estado de Pernambuco é uma atividade ainda em desenvolvimento, mas que necessita da ação direcionada de órgãos de fomento que auxiliem na maior formalização e profissionalização do setor.

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Giddy, Julia K. "Clarifying the influence of human-environment interaction in nature-based adventure tourism in the Tsitsikamma, South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020782.

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Adventure tourism (AT), defined as “a broad spectrum of outdoor touristic activities,often commercialized and involving an interaction with the natural environment away from the participants’ home range and containing elements of risk,” (Hall, 1992, p. 143) is currently one of the fastest growing sub-sectors of the tourism industry (Buckley 2010). Because it has emerged relatively recently as a field of study, a number of scholars have called for ongoing research in the area, see Swarbrooke (2003), Pomfret (2006), Buckley (2010), Rogerson (2007), and Williams & Soutar (2005). Much of this research, to date, has focused on marketing, injury caused by AT participation, environmental impacts, and the broad notion of “risk” associated with AT. The problem is that little of this work has focused on the significance of the environment in adventure tourism – an important element inherent in its definition. Thus, this thesis aims to move beyond a general risk-based analysis of AT, and focus on the role of the environment. This is done through a human-environment interaction approach undertaken in Tsitsikamma Village where five adventure tourist operations are based. The first step in operationalizing this approach was to develop a conceptual framework that integrated adventure tourism into a general framework on humanenvironment interaction. The second step was to use a research instrument which enabled one to examine the influence of the environment on human motivations and adventure tourism experiences, and not only the influence of humans on the environment. The former was accomplished through questionnaires based on external, environmental elements that attract adventure tourists as well as inherent personality traits impel such tourists to participate in AT. The latter, based on interviews and participant perceptions, sought to establish the significance of impacts on the environment as well as initiatives taken by AT companies to minimize environmental damage. The findings show that although risk/thrill does play a role, AT motivations and experiences are complex and multidimensional. The environment does significantly influence both motivations and even more so AT experiences. Furthermore, there are distinct differences between the motivations and experiences of participants in different types of AT activities, indicating that generalizing the industry as whole neglects these significant differences. In terms of influences on the environment, the results show that most AT operators in the Tsitsikamma have some consideration for environmental protection and take some initiatives to minimize environmental damage, though the degree to which this occurs differs significantly. Furthermore, activity participants do not believe that the activities have a strong negative impact on the environment, though the majority acknowledge small impacts. The types of impacts observed by participants vary significantly between companies. This thesis demonstrates the manner in which the two-way relationship between humans and the environment manifests itself in the commercial AT industry. The result is a well-rounded examination of the influence of human-environment interaction on AT participants.

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Hanekom, Wouter Pierre. "A history of tourism, leisure and adventure in the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic, c.1895 to present." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86454.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis deals with the nature and historical development of tourism and leisure activities that have been conducted within the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic regions from 1895 to present. First, it traces the brief history of human involvement with the Antarctic continent, which culminated in a surge of ostensibly scientific exploration with jingoistic overtones which has become widely known as the ‘Heroic Age’ of Antarctic exploration. These explorers’ adventures, taken up by the popular press and promoted by jingoistic governments, popularised a particular conception of the continent to the point where people imagined going to see it for themselves, vicariously reliving their heroes’ adventures in the form of tourism. The rise of formal governance on the Antarctic is then traced and used to explain how this provided for regular tourist activities to commence since the mid-1960s. The changing nature of tourism to the region is surveyed, as well as its impact on the environment. Finally, Marion Island, South Africa’s Sub-Antarctic Island, is discussed through the lens of tourism and leisure. Tourism has not been permitted on the island, so it offers a useful comparison with other sub-Antarctic islands that do allow tourists to visit. The thesis also deals with masculinity, as the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic were male dominated environments for the majority of human interaction with these regions. The thesis argues that the accumulation of knowledge in these areas by scientists has (perhaps counter-intuitively) led to the creation of the tourism industry, which would not have been able to flourish without the constant human presence secured by the scientific bases scattered around the Antarctic. Finally, this thesis offers a form of autoethnographic historical investigation, as an insider/outsider dichotomy (between “scientist” and “tourist”) was explored through embedded research, where scientists and support personnel are viewed as insiders on the one hand, and tourists are regarded as outsiders on the other.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis handel oor die aard en historiese ontwikkeling van toerisme en ontspannings aktiwiteite wat binne die Antarktiese en sub-Antarktiese gebiede onderneem is vanaf 1895 tot die hede. Dit behandel eerstens die kort geskiedenis van menslike betrokkenheid op die Antarktiese vasteland, wat uitgeloop het op 'n oplewing van oënskynlik wetenskaplike eksplorasie met nasionalistiese konnotasies wat wyd bekend geword het as die ‘Helde Era’ van Antarktiese verkenning. Hierdie ontdekkingsreisigers se avonture, soos weerspieël in die populêre pers en bevorder deur nasionalistiese regerings, het 'n bepaalde opvatting van die vasteland gewild gemaak. Soveel so dat dit mense beweeg het om as toeriste die gebied te besoek en op die wyse hul helde se avonture te herleef in die vorm van toerisme. Die opkoms van die formele beheer van die Antarktiese vasteland word dan nagespeur en gebruik om aan te dui hoe dit teen die middel 1960’s tot aktiewe toerisme in die gebied aanleiding gegee het. Die veranderende aard van toerisme na die streek, sowel as die impak daarvan op die omgewing word ondersoek. Ten slotte, word Marion Island, Suid-Afrika se Sub-Antarktiese eiland bespreek deur die lens van toerisme en ontspanning. Toerisme word nie op die eiland toegelaat nie, wat hom leun tot 'n nuttige vergelyking met ander sub-Antarktiese eilande wat wel toerisme toelaat. Aangesien die meerderheid van die menslike interaksie met Antarktieka en die sub- Antarktiese eilande deur mans gedomineer is, handel die tesis ook oor manlikheid. Die tesis argumenteer dat die opbou van kennis in hierdie gebiede deur wetenskaplikes (miskien teenintuïtief) gelei het tot die skepping van die toerisme-bedryf, wat nie in staat sou gewees het om te floreer sonder die konstante menslike teenwoordigheid, wat deur die wetenskaplike basisse versprei oor die Antarktieka verskaf is nie. Ten slotte, bied hierdie tesis 'n vorm van ń etnografiese historiese ondersoek in die vorm van ń binnestaander / buitestaander teenstelling (tussen "wetenskaplike" en "toeris"), waar wetenskaplikes en ondersteunings personeel as binnestaanders, en toeriste, as buitestaanders beskou word.

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Jackson, Mary A. "Process and Emergence| A Topographic Ethnography of the Embodiment of Place and Adventure Tourism in Khumbu, Nepal." Thesis, Prescott College, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10277933.

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Adventure is a relic of imperialism and the European romanticization of place. It has evolved from quests for domination of place and people (colonialism), to spiritual or consumeristic escape from the modern world, to an attempt to return or reconnect to nature. This paradigm implies that if humans must reconnect to nature, there is an inherent disconnect or a separation. This reconnection is rooted in romantic notions and Cartesian duality of man and nature. However, approaches towards adventure and tourism apart from such dominant Western mountain traditions focus on the critical and contextually based aspects of adventure experiences. These approaches, informed by indigenous meanings of place, traditional ecological knowledge, and ecofeminism, decenter human experience. Likewise, a feminist new materialist approach towards understanding place and materiality also allows for an awareness of entanglements and intra-active relationships of human and more-than-human to emerge, as did this research.

This dissertation examined place in the context of adventure trekking tourism in the upper Solukhumbu District, Nepal through a walking ethnography of the trails in and around Mount Everest base camp. This research was based on the following questions: 1. How can the future of development of Nepali Himalayan adventure tourism industry move forward ethically and with reciprocity towards the interconnectivity of mountains and people; 2. How can the adventure tourism industry consider the complexities of influence on a place—from both a direct impact and that of greater anthropogenic impacts? This research was grounded in the background and orientations of Everest tourism, which developed within discourse and materiality of Khumbu, shifting with local identities and meanings of place. Tourism in this context mangles in the edges of local and global cultures looming within immanent threats of the Anthropocene. Discourse composed and idealized from outside the mountain boundaries contributes to motivations for traveling to the Khumbu and perceptions of this place, in turn shaping the expectations of the tourist. In these contact zones mountains are sacred, a business venture, a personal challenge, place of revelation and spirituality, imperial conquest, neocolonial stomping ground, to scientific object of study. Within these complexities, this dissertation examined the concept of place and how meaning and agency develop in relation to adventure tourism experiences in Khumbu and the Anthropocene. A reciprocity develops in which human amongst more-than-human becomes embedded and inseparable. Shifting an anthropocentric gaze that privileges and sets matter apart as isolated and constrained by boundaries determined by humans, demonstrated the vibrant agential reality of more-than-human intimacies such as forgotten landscapes, rocks, dirt, glaciers, and altitude. Nature is not a passive object upon which humans descend, but rather an entangled subjectivity. This awareness allows for a rethinking of human enactments of Anthropocene and complicit behaviors of this epoch, reframing approaches to adventure. The conclusions of this research found that mountains—more-than-human—have agency and meaning and are not passive or in the background of human experience. This applies to a practical application of the research through a praxis tool for new materialist research and the adventure industry, in turn decentering the human/anthropocentrism and identified practices of tourism that are both sustainable and more inclusive of the entanglements of people and place.

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Johansson, Joanna, and Johanna Lindgren. "It’s greener to dive in the Philippines! : A qualitative study of green marketing in dive and adventure tourism." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-49596.

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Purpose and research question: The purpose of this study is to provide and attain a deeper understanding of how the business philosophy of green marketing affects recreational adventure tourism. Further, the study intends to identify and analyze green marketing in relation to service development, green marketing strategies, branding, segmentation and positioning in the dive tourism sector. This has formulated our research question: How does green marketing affect adventure tourism? Methodology: A qualitative research method offers a deeper understanding of the effects of green marketing in the context of recreational dive tourism sector which is currently one of the fastest growing categories of adventure tourism. The study has followed an abductive research approach with an inductive initial departure and thereafter a simultaneously assemble of a theoretical framework during the sequence of conducting ten in-depth interviews. Conclusion: During this study we have identified tendencies deriving from the empirical findings and the literature review. The theoretical implications of this thesis involve filling the research gap of green marketing in a context of dive and adventure tourism. Furthermore, the practical implications involve that an implementation of green marketing can imply competitive advantages and exert a strong differentiation effect on brands. Thus, the integration of green performances and the communication sustainability could facilitate the dive tourism sector’s development towards increased environmental awareness. We further argue that the effects of green marketing in the dive tourism could be applicable in other categories of adventure tourism due to its dependency on nature and the current increasing trend of environmental awareness.

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Chigamba, Cleopas. "The determinants of corporate entrepreneurship for firms in adventure tourism sector in the Eastern Cape Province: South Africa." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015312.

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Tourism has been acknowledged for the past decade as one of the leading driving forces for economic development in post-apartheid South Africa (Nel & Binns, 2002:189). The objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of corporate entrepreneurship for firms in adventure tourism sector in the Eastern Cape Province; South Africa. The population for the study were firms registered with the Nelson Mandela Bay Tourism Portal (NMBT) and the Dirty Boot Adventure South Africa. Convenience sampling method was used. Data was collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. For the purpose of data collection, one hundred and fourteen questions were identified through a thorough review of the literature. Principal component analysis was used to reduce the one hundred and fourteen questions to twelve factors namely: flat organisational structure, management support for intrapreneurship, vision and strategic intent, rewards / reinforcement and sponsorship, innovativeness and creativity, multi-disciplined teamwork and diversity, entrepreneurial leadership, resources and time, strong customer orientation, continuous cross-functional learning, tolerance of risk, mistakes and failure and work discretion and discretionary time. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, T-test and ANOVA. Cohen`s (d-value) was used to measure the effect size of differences for t-statistics. The Cronbach’s alpha was used to test the reliability of the scales. The results showed significant positive relationships between the twelve factors and corporate entrepreneurship. Recommendations included an integrated framework that could assist adventure tour operator to establish and sustain corporate entrepreneurship within this sector.

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McGinley, Robin. "Program and business planning for tourism in an Aboriginal community, the Cree Wilderness Adventure Project in Eeyou Astchee, Quebec." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ48238.pdf.

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Klečacká, Simona. "Analýza nabídky zážitkové turistiky v Jihočeském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72207.

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The thesis, entitled "Analysis of supply adventure tourism in the South Bohemian Region" is to describe and analyze the options and instruments of tourism in selected destination. Work processes typology adventure tourism and also defines key terms related to this topic. It then focuses on identifying different types of adventure tourism, cooperation in the design of an appropriate design and implementation of a new product in the field of adventure tourism.

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Makoveychuk, Andrey, and Leedip Boinkum Konlaan. "How can the Russian Far South-East improve itself in order to attract more international adventure tourists?" Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-4330.

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Abstract

Date: 2008-09-29

Course: Bachelor Thesis in Business Administration, EFO703

Authors: Andrey Makoveychuk; Konlaan Leedip Boinkum.

Supervisor: Leif Sanner

Title: How can the Russian Far South-East improve itself in order to attract moreinternational adventure tourists?

Problem: The region is very attractive for adventure tourism due to its unique nature sightsand wildlife. However, there are several problematical areas both when it comes to regionseconomy and marketing of its tourist sights abroad.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to outline why international adventure tourists decidenot to choose the Far South-East as their travel destination and to suggest possible ways ofdeveloping the region and its marketing in order to make this place more attractive forinternational adventure seekers. Given suggestions can later be used in development of a newregional marketing strategy.

Method: Way of managing content in this thesis consists of two main and two supportingprocesses, which follow the main ones. Information collection in the two main processes leadsto analysis and then further to the recommendation part. Data sources used are of two types:primary and secondary data. Both qualitative and quantitative types of data are being used.

Conclusion: After have been studying current problems with attracting potential tourists tothe region and evaluating existing possibilities for adventure tourism in the Far South-East,authors have come to a conclusion. This would be that modern marketing strategy forexpansion of international adventure tourism has to be created by travel agencies of the regionas well as some suggested practical improvements have to be done in order to make foreignadventure seeking individuals feel more convenient and comfortable.

This thesis was made with "executive speed" level.

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Bentahar, Sofia, and Aleksandra Milutinovic. "Upplev Stockholm & Visby." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-23522.

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Purpose: The aim of this paper is to investigate whether there are differences between big cities and small cities in adventure tourism. The cities that are studied are Stockholm and Visby. Methodology: The study is based on a qualitative method. We have done interviews and observation. We also used books and internet when collecting information. Conclusions: The study has shown that differences exist between large and small cities. People seek out the opposite, whether you're from a big city or small town. Those who traveled to Stockholm made the trip to experience and see the big city. Basis of choice has been the large selection, possibilities, events and various attractions. Respondents who chose to visit Visby made their choice primarily because of the beach and the feeling of being overseas that one feels when one is in Visby. They have turned to calm, to relax and get away from their everyday lives.
Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader i hur upplevelseturismen ser ut i stora och små städer. Städerna som vi valt att studera är Stockholm och Visby. Uppsatsen är skriven utifrån en kvalitativ metod. Vi har använt oss av intervjuer och deltagande observationer. Också internet och böcker har varit primära informationskällor. Slutsats: Studien har visat att skillnader finns mellan stora och små städer. Människan söker sig till det motsatta, vare sig man är från en stor stad eller mindre stad. De som reste till Stockholm gjorde resan för att få uppleva och se storstaden. Grund för valet har varit det stora utbudet, möjligheterna, evenemang och olika attraktioner. Respondenterna som valt att besöka Visby gjorde sitt val främst på grund av stranden och utlandsskänslan som man känner när man är på Gotland. De har sökt sig till lugnet, för att få koppla av och komma bort från sin vardag.

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Araújo, Vila Noelia, Brea José Antonio Fraiz, and Carril Valeria Paül. "El turismo activo como modalidad turística en expansión. Análisis de la oferta de turismo activo en España." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114849.

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Parallel to the social and economic situation, where the experience economy is a reality, new tourist typologies are emerging in line with this demand experiential. Tourists are looking for sensations and emotions, so tourism sector has diversified its offer adapting to this desire. Active tourism appears, mode belonging to a larger field, nature tourism, a booming tourist type today by the increase of tourists interested in its activities. Therefore, this paper takes from this concept to below detail the types that are part of it, and finally it does an analysis of the active tourism offer of the Spanish territory, territory that is appropriate for this type of activity.
Paralelamente a la evolución social y económica actual, en la que la economía de experiencias ya es una realidad, emergen nuevas tipologías turísticas acordes a la presente demanda experiencial. El turista busca sensaciones y emociones, por lo que el sector turístico diversifica su oferta adaptándose a este deseo. Aparece así el turismo activo, modalidad perteneciente a un campo mayor, el turismo de naturaleza, en auge el día de hoy por el incremento de turistas interesados en las actividades que lo componen. El presente artículo parte de dicho concepto para a continuación, detallar las tipologías que forman parte del mismo y finalmente realizar un análisis de la oferta de turismo activo del territorio español, territorio que a priori se presenta favorable para este tipo de actividades.

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Senger, Edwin. "Land Rover BackPacker : A minimal travel vehicle." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-161149.

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How can reductionism lead to a greater experience and add to the appeal of a product? The Land Rover BackPacker is a minimalistic travel vehicle that questions the space and the complexity needed in a vehicle while exploring the world 4x4 inspired by the necessity of reduction in today's consumerist world to fight climate change and the freedom of travelling light. Its open design creates an interactive space with it's surroundings for 2 people which is created in a multifunctional approach to be more then a car but a space to hang out and a place to sleep in the wild. The project is highly inspired by the global adventures of the very first Land Rover Series 01 and it’s modular and highly functional design. To reinterpret this spirit and to bring it into a future context was the main goal besides combining it with the approach and philosophy of modern minimalists and the efficiency of tiny house lifestyles. Living in a compressed space, how this affects the interaction with nature and what reduction adds to the user in the travel context are key points. Finding the right balance between the amount of space and comfort needed on a trip and the openness and simplicity of the vehicle to guarantee and unfiltered experience was a major challenge.After understanding the future context of the vehicle, the design process started with exploring different packages of the car and prototyping different ways to create a space in nature in the most minimal way using Virtual Reality and quick 2D doodles. This led to optimising the proportions and the chosen theme of the design in developed 2D renderings and early CAS models. The final design concept was developed in 3D software to translate the digital data into a physical scale model in the end.All in all the Land Rover BackPacker is a reductive travel vehicle concept targeting the future needs of more sustainable and more flexible experiences. It’s designed to be part of an on-demand car sharing service which is setup globally to reach people of different regions, different cultures and different backgrounds. It provides a space for two people to move freely, to hang out and to sleep in nature. To make travelling a no-brainer, the vehicle service includes modular equipment kits which provide the things needed during different trips in nature. The user can choose from e.g. weather protection, cooking equipment, a water tank or a solar sun sail, depending on where the next journey starts.

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Fiši, Jakub. "Podnikatelský plán nového turistického produktu v Jindřichově Hradci." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204075.

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The goal of this dissertation is to create a real project for a new product of tourism, which will be able to come reality during 2016. This new product is combination of trip, discovering local food and local producers of traditional meals and cooking lessons. The first part of this work focuses on traveling, new trend in it and marketing in tourist trade. The second part is dedicated to concrete business plan. Submitter is company O.C. Business Group s.r.o. and also is a implementer. This company had specific demands and this work fits with them. The business plan shows high potential in that tourist product.

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Carreiro, Eduardo Augusto [UNESP]. "Ecoturismo: influência na educação física." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96106.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2003-12-11Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:57:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 carreiro_ea_me_rcla.pdf: 1139053 bytes, checksum: b366f8da0fd73b37e744fd0c4c3c5b73 (MD5)
O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar as atividades físicas associadas ao ecoturismo no município de Itapetininga, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, para analisar alguns aspectos da interferência dessas atividades no meio ambiente, como ocorre sua organização, a interface com o poder público e o papel da Organização não-governamental como mediadora destas questões. Procura-se analisar o impacto, na cultura local, das atividades conhecidas como esportes de aventura; as suas conexões com as práticas do ecoturismo; e se as mesmas implicam em algum envolvimento ou preocupação com a comunidade local. Os procedimentos da pesquisa foram desenvolvidos com um enfoque qualitativo, estruturado através de entrevistas direcionadas ao poder público, a uma organização não-governamental e a uma empresa organizadora de eventos de ecoturismo. Destacam-se neste trabalho, a análise e o recorte histórico das atividades de lazer desenvolvidas na cidade de Itapetininga, principalmente nos séculos XIX e XX, desde as atividades livres e intermitentes até as atividades institucionalizadas. Considerações sobre a comunidade; a natureza e a cultura; o lazer e o turismo também fazem parte das análises. No âmbito da Educação Física foi analisada a aproximação do trabalho desenvolvido pelos profissionais da área, com os pressupostos teóricos descritos acima. Assim, poderiam ser alavancados mais estudos sobre as novas modalidades esportivas, como as do esporte de aventura. Observa-se que essas práticas muitas vezes se desenvolvem sem critérios adequados, e ficam dispersas entre as fases de planejamento, execução e avaliação. Entendemos que a Educação Física pode desempenhar um papel fundamental como mediadora desta discussão. Os profissionais da área deveriam ter a capacidade de se concentrar em qualquer uma das três esferas estudadas... .
The main objective with this study is to identify physical activities associated to eco-tourism in the County of Itapetininga, located at São Paulo State inner area, in order to analyze some interference aspects of those activities in the environment, how their organization occurs, the relations with the Public Government, and the Non-Governmental Organization's role as mediator of such questions. It also searches to analyze the impact of the activities known as adventure sports in the local culture; their connections with eco-tourism practices; and whether those same activities result in any commitment or concern about the local community. The research procedures were developed upon a qualitative focus, which had been structured by means of interviews directed to the Public Government, to a Non-Governmental Organization, and to an eco-tourism events management company. The analysis and the historical excerpts of the leisure activities developed in the County of Itapetininga, mainly in the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries, from intermittent and free activities to institutionalized activities are also highlighted in this research. Considerations on the community, nature and culture, leisure and tourism are part of such analysis too. The nearing between the work developed by professionals and the theoretical assumptions formerly described was analyzed in the Physical Education area. Therefore, could be launched other studies on new sports, such as adventure sports. It has been observed that those practices are often developed without adequate criteria, and disperse among planning, execution and evaluation phases. We understand that Physical Education can play a fundamental role as mediator in this discussion. Professionals of the area should have the ability to concentrate on any of the three studied domains. In other words... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

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Carreiro, Eduardo Augusto. "Ecoturismo : influência na educação física /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96106.

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Orientador: Carmen Maria Aguiar
Banca: Leila Marrach Basto de Albuquerque
Banca: Wenceslao Machado de Oliveira Junior
Resumo: O objetivo principal deste estudo é identificar as atividades físicas associadas ao ecoturismo no município de Itapetininga, localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, para analisar alguns aspectos da interferência dessas atividades no meio ambiente, como ocorre sua organização, a interface com o poder público e o papel da Organização não-governamental como mediadora destas questões. Procura-se analisar o impacto, na cultura local, das atividades conhecidas como esportes de aventura; as suas conexões com as práticas do ecoturismo; e se as mesmas implicam em algum envolvimento ou preocupação com a comunidade local. Os procedimentos da pesquisa foram desenvolvidos com um enfoque qualitativo, estruturado através de entrevistas direcionadas ao poder público, a uma organização não-governamental e a uma empresa organizadora de eventos de ecoturismo. Destacam-se neste trabalho, a análise e o recorte histórico das atividades de lazer desenvolvidas na cidade de Itapetininga, principalmente nos séculos XIX e XX, desde as atividades livres e intermitentes até as atividades institucionalizadas. Considerações sobre a comunidade; a natureza e a cultura; o lazer e o turismo também fazem parte das análises. No âmbito da Educação Física foi analisada a aproximação do trabalho desenvolvido pelos profissionais da área, com os pressupostos teóricos descritos acima. Assim, poderiam ser alavancados mais estudos sobre as novas modalidades esportivas, como as do esporte de aventura. Observa-se que essas práticas muitas vezes se desenvolvem sem critérios adequados, e ficam dispersas entre as fases de planejamento, execução e avaliação. Entendemos que a Educação Física pode desempenhar um papel fundamental como mediadora desta discussão. Os profissionais da área deveriam ter a capacidade de se concentrar em qualquer uma das três esferas estudadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo).
Abstract: The main objective with this study is to identify physical activities associated to eco-tourism in the County of Itapetininga, located at São Paulo State inner area, in order to analyze some interference aspects of those activities in the environment, how their organization occurs, the relations with the Public Government, and the Non-Governmental Organization's role as mediator of such questions. It also searches to analyze the impact of the activities known as adventure sports in the local culture; their connections with eco-tourism practices; and whether those same activities result in any commitment or concern about the local community. The research procedures were developed upon a qualitative focus, which had been structured by means of interviews directed to the Public Government, to a Non-Governmental Organization, and to an eco-tourism events management company. The analysis and the historical excerpts of the leisure activities developed in the County of Itapetininga, mainly in the Nineteenth and the Twentieth Centuries, from intermittent and free activities to institutionalized activities are also highlighted in this research. Considerations on the community, nature and culture, leisure and tourism are part of such analysis too. The nearing between the work developed by professionals and the theoretical assumptions formerly described was analyzed in the Physical Education area. Therefore, could be launched other studies on new sports, such as adventure sports. It has been observed that those practices are often developed without adequate criteria, and disperse among planning, execution and evaluation phases. We understand that Physical Education can play a fundamental role as mediator in this discussion. Professionals of the area should have the ability to concentrate on any of the three studied domains. In other words... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Mestre

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Holleben, Denise. "Turismo de aventura e a deficiência visual." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2009. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/602.

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A pesquisa tem como tema o Turismo de Aventura praticado pelo deficiente visual. A escolha foi feita em função de motivações pessoais e da relevância do assunto no âmbito do turismo, no momento em que se ampliam as possibilidades de reconhecimento da cidadania das pessoas portadoras de algum tipo de deficiência. O estudo teve como participantes portadores de deficiência visual congênita e adquirida. O referencial teórico pertinente ao Turismo de Aventura e a Deficiência Visual ainda é muito escasso, mas não foi fator que impedisse a realização da pesquisa, uma vez que o propósito foi produzir um trabalho acadêmico que abrisse mais uma janela no âmbito do turismo. Sob perspectiva do paradigma qualitativo, utilizou-se a metodologia descritiva do tipo estudo de caso. O quadro teórico engloba os seguintes tópicos: a) análise do objeto de estudo em questão; b) o turismo de aventura; c) a deficiência; d) estudo da deficiência visual, especificidades e características dos participantes; e) descrição das atividades de aventura como arvorismo, escalada, rapel e tirolesa; e, f) procedimentos técnicos que nortearam a realização das atividades. Os participantes do estudo foram 7 pessoas portadoras de cegueira congênita e adquirida na faixa etária entre 31 a 74 anos. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada no Alpen Park, na cidade de Canela/RS, local em que são oferecidos pela Empresa Atitude, Ecologia e Turismo atividades de Turismo de Aventura. O procedimento utilizado como os deficientes visuais nas atividades de aventura estudadas seguiu a mesma rotina utilizada com videntes. A coleta de informações englobou registros de dados cadastrais dos participantes, entrevistas semiestruturadas aplicada aos participantes, memoriais descritivos elaborados pelos participantes após a realização das atividades de aventura, memorial descritivo elaborado pela pesquisadora a partir das observações de campo, análise de vídeos e de acervo fotográfico construído a partir da experiência empírica com os DVs. As informações recolhidas são descritas e analisadas à luz do problema e dos sujeitos do estudo. As discussões e interpretação das informações se dão a partir de unidades de significados e categorias de análise. Os resultados apontam que o turismo de aventura é percebido pelos deficientes visuais como uma atividade que lhes proporciona satisfação e bem estar na superação do que poderia ser limitador aos portadores desta deficiência. O estudo indicou que não há necessidade de adaptações técnicas para que os DV pratiquem e desfrutem do turismo de aventura. O Turismo de Aventura é um segmento de mercado latente e pronto para ser explorado inclusive com deficientes visuais.
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The research is about the Adventure Tourism practiced by visual disability. The choice was made based on personal motivations and the relevance of the issue within the tourism, when we are expand the possibilities of recognition of the citizenship of people with some type of disability. The study participants as people with visual disabilities congenital and acquired. The theoretical framework relevant to the Adventure Tourism and Visual Disabilities is still scarce, but they are not factors which prevent the achievement of research, since the purpose was producing a scholarly work that opens another window in the context of tourism. On a qualitative view of the paradigm, we used the methodology of the descriptive type of case study. The theoretical framework includes the following topics: a) analysis of the object of study in question; b) the adventure tourism; c) the disability; d) the disability visual study, specificities and characteristics of the participants; e) description of the activities like trees adventures, climbing, rappel and tyrol, and f) technical procedures that guided the implementation of activities. The participants were 7 people with congenital and acquired blindness in the age group between 31 to 74 years. The fieldwork was realized in Alpen Park, located in Canela/RS, where they are supplied by the Company Attitude, Ecology and Tourism Activities of Adventure Tourism. The procedure used for the visual disabilities in activities of adventure studied followed routine used with visionaries. Data collection included records of cadastral data of the participants, semi-applied to interview participants, descriptive memorial prepared by the participants after the completion of the activities of adventure, descriptive memorial developed by the researcher from the field observations, analysis of video and photographic collection constructed from the empirical experience with the DVS. The information collected is described and analyzed in light of the problem and subject of study. The discussion and interpretation of information is given as units of meaning and categories of analysis. The results indicate that the adventure tourism is perceived by the blind as an activity that provides them satisfaction and well being in overcoming what might be limiting this to people with these disabilities. The study indicated that there is no need for technical adaptations to the DVS practice and enjoy the adventure tourism. The Adventure Tourism is a latent market segment and ready to be exploited even with the blind.

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Oliveira, Junior Arnaldo Freitas de. "Valoração econômica da função ambiental de suporte relacionada às atividades de turismo, Brotas, SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2003. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1761.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The adventure tourism in Brotas city, Brazil, is an alternative economical viable contributing to the development socioeconomic of city. The resources natural the exist in Brotas they are the base for the practice of several sports as cannoning, mountain bike, boia-cross , and others. This work have objective to estimate valuate of benefits socioeconomic flowed of resources natural s for the activities of adventure sports. The used method was use direct of resources natural. The environmental valuation became efficient for estimate the several goods and services coming of use of elements natural s in Brotas city. However, the municipal district request one environmental planning addressed to management of the tourism so that actives association to the tourism promote the development sustainable in Brotas city.
A região de Brotas, interior de São Paulo, está inserida em um contexto geográfico composto por Cuestas, vários mananciais e uma vegetação predominantemente de Cerrado e fragmentos de floresta semidecidual que propiciou a este município experimentar nos últimos dez anos uma nova alternativa econômica com base no turismo de aventura. Os recursos naturais existentes nesse município são a base para prática de diversos esportes de aventura. As cachoeiras distribuídas pelo município possibilitam a prática de canyoning e banhos. Os paredões possibilitam a pratica de rapel e escalada e o relevo para o exercício de cavalgadas, caminhadas em trilhas com diversos níveis de dificuldade, moutain bike , motocross que em associação com a vegetação compõem um cenário único para apreciar a visão cênica da paisagem e realização do arvorismo e da tiroleza. Os córregos e rios, em especial o rio Jacaré Pepira, servem de aporte à prática de raffting , de bóiacross , de caiaque e natação. Por estas razões os recursos naturais têm se tornado centro de atenções tanto pelo seu usufruto com fins econômicos, como para pesquisas cientificas. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar o valor econômico dos benefícios sócio-econômicos derivados do uso direto dos recursos naturais utilizados como aporte para a prática de atividades de turismo de aventura de Brotas, SP. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o método de valoração empregado mostrou-se eficaz servindo de subsidio para as tomadas de decisões para a iniciativa privada e pública para promover o crescimento do município e ao mesmo tempo para justificar as medidas de preservação ambiental como uma ferramenta de promoção ao fomento econômico. Áreas com medidas de proteção ambiental eficazes que condicionam manejo ambiental adequado das áreas que envolvem os recursos naturais, aporte das atividades de esportes de aventura, foram responsáveis pela obtenção de valores monetários consideráveis, demonstrando que há relação direta entre o nível de conservação ambiental e os Valores Econômico Totais (VET). O Valor Econômico Total das atividades associadas ao turismo de aventura encontram-se em fase de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico antecedente ao ponto clímax de usufruto. O turismo de aventura em Brotas é um agente promotor para o desenvolvimento do município ao mesmo tempo em que se torna um forte elemento para conservar o patrimônio natural que serve de aporte para a prática dos esportes radicais aumentando o valor econômico obtido dos benefícios sócio-econômicos.

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Terblanche, Hanri. "Travel motives of adventure tourists : a case study of Magoebaskloof Adventure / Hanri Terblanche." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8232.

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Adventure tourism involves travel and leisure activities pursued with the expectation that they will produce a rewarding, adventurous experience. Adventure tourism can be defined as travel to a destination to participate in adventurous activities in a natural environment. Two categories of adventure are distinguished, namely soft and hard adventure. Soft adventure includes activities such as bird–watching, hiking, camping and horseback riding, and it requires relatively little physical skill and little or no experience. Hard adventure includes activities such as rock climbing, mountaineering, survival games and caving. Hard adventure has high levels of risk and participants are more likely to engage in physically and mentally challenging outdoor activities. Magoebaskloof Adventures is one of many adventure destinations in South Africa where adventure tourists can participate in adventure activities. It is of great value for Magoebaskloof Adventures to ensure that the needs and expectations of adventure tourists are fulfilled. One way to ensure that these needs are met, is to determine what motivates adventure tourists to travel and participate in adventure activities. Knowledge of these motives will assist adventure tourism products to stay competitive and to develop relevant products. A number of researchers have found that certain travel motives can explain the existence of certain adventure tourism products. Motive can also influence or determine the behaviour of adventure tourists visiting different adventure products or destinations. Past research into adventure motives identified important motives such as escape, challenge, fun, social interaction and experience. As little research has been conducted on travel motives for adventure tourism in South Africa, the aim of this research was to determine the travel motives of adventure tourists to Magoebaskloof Adventures. iv A literature study provided the background for the empirical study. A quantitative research approach was followed, with a non–probability sampling method, namely convenience sampling. The research was conducted at Magoebaskloof Adventures for a period of nine months (March 2010 to December 2010). A total of 400 usable questionnaires were received back. The results of the study involved two sections: firstly the profile of the typical adventure tourist was determined; and secondly the travel motives of adventure tourists were determined. The profile indicated that adventure tourists are on average 33 years old, male and English–speaking. They are married, hold a diploma or degree and travel in groups of 1–5. The typical adventure tourist travels 1–3 times a year, drives a sedan vehicle and prefers self–catering accommodation. The factor analysis identified the following seven travel motives for adventure tourists: Factor 1 ? Prestige and status(an increased sense of personal growth, acquiring new skills, the feeling of success after completing the activity, overcoming fear, and interacting with people and/or the environment); Factor 2 ?Group togetherness(participation in a recreational opportunity, family recreation, spending time with someone special, experiencing fun and excitement, and spending time with friends); Factor 3 ?Knowledge seeking(learning about adventure, sharing in the challenge, and educating oneself); Factor 4 ?Escape and relaxation(exploring a new destination, getting away from routine, and relaxing); Factor 5?Photography and attraction(an opportunity to practice photography, continuing a habit of adventure that already started in childhood, and the desire to feel part of an adventure); Factor 6 ? Enhancing relations (participating because friends arranged the activity, participating in order to tell friends about the experience, and participating because the participant has the necessary experience to perform the activity); and Factor 7 ? Novelty(performing the activity before the participant is too old, enjoying the journey with family and friends, and doing ‘something different’). Escape and relaxation was the factor with the highest mean value, and this correlates with other adventure travel motive research as well as research regarding tourists’ motives for visiting nature–based attractions. An analysis of travel motives in v general indicates that Escape and relaxation is commonly an important travel motive. Magoebaskloof Adventure focuses more on soft adventure, and the travel motives of participants in this research will therefore differ from those of consumers of hard adventure products. The latter are motivated by aspects such as thrill, challenge, fear, terror, risk, daring, adrenaline, journey, expedition, excitement and success, to name a few. Group togetherness was also identified as a strong motivating factor, and existing nature–based research confirms this as an important motive to travel. In conclusion, this study found that there are differences between the travel motives of tourists to Magoebaskloof Adventures ? which provides soft adventure tourism products ? and the travel motives of tourists who pursue hard adventure activities. The results of this research can assist Magoebaskloof Adventures in the development of feature adventure tourism products and focused marketing material.
Thesis (MA (Tourism Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Cánovas, Pereda Vicenç. "Análisis de la oferta y la demanda en el turismo de las prácticas de actividades físicas de aventura en la naturaleza : Estudio de caso del Alt Empordà." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/586216.

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El turismo de actividades físicas de aventura en la naturaleza (AFAN) se conforma como una de las modalidades turísticas actuales con mayor demanda en los objetivos y motivaciones del viaje turístico, generándose como una realidad con necesidad de ser abordada por los territories de destino. Nuestro estudio pretende analizar este fenómeno asentado en la lógica del turismo postfordista y con una consolidada demanda a lo largo de los ultimos años en el territorio del Alt Empordà, así como por otra parte también dar a conocer su propia realidad y complejidad a nivel de desarrollo territorial. El objetivo general del estudio es analizar las prácticas de actividades físicas de aventura en la naturaleza en el turismo del Alt Empordà y su desarrollo territorial con el fin de constituir las bases de un nuevo modelo turístico de prácticas de AFAN integral y sostenible. Los resultados nos muestran una demanda de perfil heterogéneo y satisfecha con las prácticas de AFAN desarrolladas en las empresas del Alt Empordà, a la vez que desde la óptica de la realidad de la oferta se confirma la insuficiencia organizativa y estructural en el desarrollo de una política y estrategia integral por parte de todos los actores comarcales. Asl a traves de la propuesta del estudio de caso consideramos oportuno e importante aportar las bases necesarias para constituir un nuevo modelo turístico de prácticas de AFAN integral y sostenible mediante una planificación estratégica participativa.
Outdoor adventure activities' tourism constitutes one of the current touristic modalities with a greatest demand on the objectives and motivations of touristic travel, becoming a reality that needs to be handled by the destination territories. Our study aims to analyse this phenomenon, stablished upon the logic of postfordist tourism and with a consolidated demand in the Alt Emporda, as well as offering a view on its own reality and complexity at the level of regional development. The main objective of this doctoral thesis is to analise outdoor adventure activities' in the tourism of the Alt Emporda and its regional development with the final aim of building the bases of a new systemic and sustainable touristic model of outdoor adventure activities practices. The results show a touristic demand with an heterogenous profile, mostly satisfied with the outdoor adventure activities conducted at the Alt Emporda, at the same that from the perspective of regional offer we can confirm an insufficient organization and structure in the development of a systemic political strategy including all regional stakeholders. In this way, through the proposal of a case-study, we consider appropriate and relevant to provide the basis to build a new systemic and sustainable touristic model of outdoor adventure activities through a collaborative planning strategy.

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Van, Zyl Shireen Rosemary. "A critical assessment of responsible tourism practices: a case study of Stormsriver adventures." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4954.

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The research problem was based on the private sector implementation of Responsible Tourism, since 1996, perceived to be slow and challenging (Frey & George, 2010: 107). The South Africa Government proposed Responsible Tourism as the guiding principle for sustainable tourism development (Goodwin, 2011: 138). The problem is compounded by shortcomings identified in the nature of the research conducted about tourism and communities and the methodologies used. Tourism-Community relationships Theory was applied as the conceptual framework of the study. This theory advocates a holistic approach when conducting research about the impacts of tourism, encompassing community perspectives, attitudes, reactions and considerations for the future development and control of tourism (Pearce, Moscardo & Ross, 1996: 2). The insights gained contributed an emic understanding of the keyinformants’ perspectives imparted in their own language. This study is located in the Interpretevist paradigm, underpinned by Constructivist philosophy. Meaning is created through the reality of key-informants, their perspectives and the interaction of individuals in a community (Cresswell, 2014: 8). The Instrumental Case Study Approach (Stake, 1995) contributed an etic perspective in terms of the researcher’s interpretations. The single, qualitative case was applied to gain deeper insights about the phenomenon of Responsible tourism. The case investigated was Stormsriver Adventures (SRA), an eco-adventure tourism business in the Tsitsikamma tourism destination in the Eastern Cape region of South Africa. SRA is reputed to be business best practice in its implementation of Responsible Tourism. Data triangulation was established through multiple methods of data collection, namely in-depth interviews with key-informants, documentation sourced from them and researcher observation. Data analysis methods, namely direct interpretation, categorical aggregation, pattern seeking and naturalistic generalisations (Stake, 1995), were used. The member checking process assisted with establishing data triangulation as keyinformants corroborated or dispelled the researcher’s interpretation of data. Findings were structured according to within-case themes, namely SRA’s perspective of its Responsible Tourism practices, the community’s perspective of SRA’s Responsible Tourism practices and perspectives about the future development and control of tourism. The study contributes new theoretical insights through applying the inductive approach to selected findings. Findings indicate that the perspectives of the community are divided. SRA keyinformants conveyed positive economic, social and environmental impacts of SRA’s Responsible Tourism practices. Key-informants not directly linked to SRA raised negative economic impacts and questioned the accuracy of SRA’s marketing messages. Within-case conclusions are that it is not the responsibility of one tourism business that practices Responsible Tourism to achieve sustainability within the tourism destination. To this end it is recommended that SRA and the community find common ground and that the misunderstandings that exist, be addressed. The study concludes that in order to achieve successful Responsible Tourism- Community Relationships, a holistically and integrated approach is required. To this end the recommendations made provide an implementation framework within the context of a tourism destination. The study adds value to the field knowledge about the implementation of Responsible Tourism by the private sector in South Africa and also contributes new knowledge to the field of tourism in terms of the particular methodology used.

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Fluker, Martin. "Perceived risk in adventure tourism." Thesis, 2005. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/1480/.

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While the phenomenon of risk is something that people generally try to minimise in their lives, the concept of adventure tourism presents an interesting set of circumstances in that tourists actually seek, or at the very least accept, the risk of sustaining physical injury during the adventure tourism experience. This makes adventure tourism unique when compared to all other types of tourism. In order to explore and add value to this difference, the aims of this study are to determine the importance of experiencing risk in choosing to participate in different adventure tourism activities, to understand the motivations, levels of satisfaction, and post-activity intentions of adventure tourists, so that specific marketing strategies may be developed. A total of 612 people were surveyed both before and after taking part in three different adventure tourism activities (whitewater rafting, bungy jumping, and sailing). It was found that prior experience in the given activity did not present itself as a factor that lowered risk as a motivation, that no motivational differences existed between nationalities, and that varying levels of inferred satisfaction are present. Marketing strategies for each of the activities, based on multivariate motivations, are recommended.

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Fluker, Martin. "Perceived risk in adventure tourism." 2005. http://eprints.vu.edu.au/1480/1/Fluker.pdf.

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While the phenomenon of risk is something that people generally try to minimise in their lives, the concept of adventure tourism presents an interesting set of circumstances in that tourists actually seek, or at the very least accept, the risk of sustaining physical injury during the adventure tourism experience. This makes adventure tourism unique when compared to all other types of tourism. In order to explore and add value to this difference, the aims of this study are to determine the importance of experiencing risk in choosing to participate in different adventure tourism activities, to understand the motivations, levels of satisfaction, and post-activity intentions of adventure tourists, so that specific marketing strategies may be developed. A total of 612 people were surveyed both before and after taking part in three different adventure tourism activities (whitewater rafting, bungy jumping, and sailing). It was found that prior experience in the given activity did not present itself as a factor that lowered risk as a motivation, that no motivational differences existed between nationalities, and that varying levels of inferred satisfaction are present. Marketing strategies for each of the activities, based on multivariate motivations, are recommended.

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Bagan, Justin, and Justin Bagan. "Adventure Tourism and Innovation in Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17914395203895916138.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
管理學院MBA
105
A current challenge to the Taiwan government and Taiwan Tourism Bureau is to develop, grow, and strengthen Taiwan’s tourism sector and brand. Solutions may lie in adventure tourism (AT) micro business entrepreneurs and their ability to innovate. Understanding current AT entrepreneur’s processes of knowledge development may reveal key strategies, opportunities, and barriers to innovation and may aid future entrepreneurs in Taiwan and abroad. A qualitative multiple case study was conducted in Taiwan interviewing two founding AT entrepreneurs in order to explore the nature of their innovations and how they arrived at them as well as perceptions of their internal and external contexts. Also underlying these interviews was an investigation into the industrial relevance and ontological natures of adventure tourism and innovation in an attempt to further the academic literature of each. The qualitative results revealed market approach and differentiation of services to be the primary innovations, gradual and unique processes of knowledge sourcing and absorption, and challenging external developmental contexts and government relations. The results also indicated a lack of awareness, cohesion, and organization among Taiwan adventure tourism businesses. Insights into adventure tourism and tourism innovation in Taiwan were provided as well as potential knowledge development processes for future AT entrepreneurs.

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Mladenovic, Nikola. "Adventure tourism: understanding the millennial traveler." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/38773.

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The aim of this paper is to review the current trends in tourism industry and travel behavior and preferences of Millennials or Generation Y in relation to traveling, and more specifically, adventure travel segment. Furthermore, the obtained data is compared to a recent research on adventure travel tour operators’ perception of Millennials and their travel habits and preferences, in order to determine whether or not these companies understand their customer. The results indicate that the adventure travel tour operators generally understand Millennials, however, they need to stay up to date with the latest technological and social media trends.

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Webster, Donald. "Adventure tourism operators and snowmobilers : managing interactions." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10170/660.

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Anecdotal information indicates that conflict exists between Adventure Tourism Operators (ATOs) and snowmobilers in the backcountry of British Columbia. Focusing on the Sea-to-Sky Corridor, a survey was conducted among winter ATOs to determine the extent of the conflict, the role of land management policies as well as the proposed Off-Road Vehicle (ORV) Management Framework in managing such interactions. Initial conclusions suggest that: 1) conflict does exist; 2) existing structure for managing interactions is inadequate; 3) ATOs consider it the responsibility of the BC Government to manage interactions, and; 4) ATOs have a low level of confidence in the BC Government to effectively manage interactions. This study presents five recommendations for government regulators to consider if or when the ORV Management Framework moves forward.

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Ponte, João Crispim Borges da. "The extraordinary adventure tourism experience : idealizing supreme excellence." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.3/5873.

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Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências Económicas Empresariais, 9 de novembro de 2020.
O turismo de aventura é uma das grandes tendências atualmente (ATTA – Adventure Travel Travel Association, 2018a), através da qual turistas procuram escapar à vida quotidiana (Beames, et al., 2019). Este segmento tem crescido a taxas superiores ao mercado global do turismo (ATTA, 2013; 2018a), criando novos desafios às empresas. O mercado tem-se alterado rapidamente, trazendo novos perfis de turistas e um grande aumento da concorrência (Cloutier, 2003; Buckley, 2010a). A competitividade, mas também a tecnologia, a procura por viagens transformadoras (ATTA, 2018a), e a dificuldade em fornecer experiências a turistas com expetativas irrealistas (Lindberg & Østergaard, 2015; Lindberg & Eide, 2016) têm evidenciado a necessidade de desenvolver novos produtos e modelos de negócio. A natureza liminar e escapista das experiências extraordinárias de aventura (Arnould & Price, 1993), bem como o intenso significado pessoal que delas advém (Pomfret, 2012) parecem apropriadas para responder àquelas exigências do mercado. Contudo, o lado comercial do turismo de aventura tem sido pouco investigado (Buckley, 2006a; Cheng, et al., 2018). O presente estudo visou a verificação da existência de diferenças entre as idealizações, motivações, e preferências dos turistas de aventura, e as perceções que os profissionais de turismo de aventura têm desses fatores. Questionários aplicados a turistas e a profissionais de turismo permitiram a recolha de dados quantitativos e a aplicação de métodos estatísticos, enquanto entrevistas a profissionais do setor, bem como a observação direta e a participação em experiências de aventura originaram dados qualitativos. Como conclusão geral, é possível referir que os profissionais de turismo necessitam compreender melhor os seus clientes, mas nota-se, também, que os turistas têm expetativas irrealistas que afetam as suas experiências e como os produtos estão a ser estruturados. Porém, parece consensual que o desejo de escape dos turistas favorece a transição para um mundo liminar de aventura, onde um diferente contacto com a natureza, experiências de pico, e emoções contrastantes criam momentos de elação e grande satisfação. Utilizando a Economia da Experiência (Pine & Gilmore, 1999), e considerando a variáveis de mercantilização de Cloke e Perkins (2002), empresas de animação turística podem ter ferramentas para orquestrar experiências que perdurem na memória dos seus clientes, enquanto mantêm eficiência, segurança, e grande satisfação.
ABSTRACT: Adventure is one of the greatest trends in tourism today (ATTA - Adventure Travel Trade Association, 2018a), through which tourists seek to escape ordinary living (Beames, et al., 2019). It has been growing at higher rates than the general tourism market (ATTA, 2013; 2018a), comprising new challenges to adventure providers. The market has been changing very fast, bringing new tourists’ profiles and increases in the competition (Cloutier, 2003; Buckley, 2010a). Competitiveness, but also technology, the search for transformative travel (ATTA, 2018a), and the difficulty in providing experiences to tourists with unrealistic expectations (Lindberg & Østergaard, 2015; Lindberg & Eide, 2016) have highlighted the need to develop new products and business models. The liminal and escapist nature of extraordinary adventure experiences (Arnould & Price, 1993), as well as the intense personal meaning derived from them (Pomfret, 2012), seem appropriate for addressing those market demands. However, the business side of adventure tourism has received little research attention (Buckley, 2006a; Cheng, et al., 2018). The present study has been developed with the aim to investigate differences between adventure tourists’ idealizations, motivations, and preferences, and the perceptions of adventure providers regarding those features. Questionnaires for tourists and tourism professionals allowed the collection of quantitative data and the application of statistical methods. Qualitative data was collected through interviewing adventure tourism professionals, as well as through direct observation and participation in adventure experiences. As a general conclusion, it can be remarked that tourism professionals need to have a better understanding of their clients motivations, but it also seems that tourists have unrealistic expectations that can affect how their experiences unfold and how products are being structured. Still, it seems clear that both sides agree that tourists’ desire to escape enables a transition into a liminal world of adventure, where a different contact with nature, peak experiences, and contrasting emotions create moments of elation and deep satisfaction. Using the Experience Economy (Pine & Gilmore, 1999) framework, and considering Cloke and Perkins’ (2002) commodification variables, adventure providers might have the tools to orchestrate experiences that will endure in the memory of their customers, while keeping efficiency, safety, and high satisfaction.

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Van, Onselen Melissa Jeanette. "Profiling adventure tourists in Pretoria." Thesis, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000532.

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Thesis (MTech. degree in Adventure Tourism) -- Tshwane University of Technology, 2010.
Different adventure activities and experiences constantly evolve because individuals, motives, behaviours, and experiences differ and change over time. The prosperity of an adventure tourism company is based on promoting and selling specific activities and experiences that will meet the specific needs and wants of their identified target markets. The objective was to develop a profile of adventure tourists in Pretoria. In today’s highly competitive environment, it is important for adventure tourism companies to develop profiles based demographic, psychographic and behavioural descriptors in order to attain their objectives. Two hundred and fifty adventure tourists who used the products/services of adventure tourism companies within Pretoria participated in this paper. However, because of incomplete self-completing uestionnaires that could affect the outcome of this paper, the sample that actually realised was 234, providing a 93.6% response rate.

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Bergin, Suzanne. "The consumer's perception of the accreditation of adventure tour operators." Thesis, 1998. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15438/.

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The concept of accreditation is relatively new to the tourism industry yet industry leaders consider it a high priority in their attempts for continuous improvement and delivery of quality products. In developing current accreditation programs the industry has consulted with key players and a number of businesses but has neglected to gather feedback from the consumer. Although accreditation has become a prominent means of self-regulating the tourism industry there has been little research of consumers and their views of this process. In an attempt to address this gap this study was designed to explore the consumers' perception of the accreditation of adventure tour operators. The key findings of this study highlight the importance of accreditation to consumers particularly in relation to staff competence, safety practices and environmental protection. Consumers of adventure tourism products, who participated in the study, rated accreditation highly. They also indicated that they would choose an accredited adventure tour operator over a non-accredited operator but it was not necessarily the most important influence in the choice process. This study provided evidence to indicate that there is some agreement that accreditation should be mandatory for adventure tours and that is important to safety and professionalism. The consumer's rating of accreditation attributes may also provide the basis for future benchmarking in this area. Consumers rated training in technical skills, organisation and planning, and legal operation more highly that the other attributes listed.

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Tshipala, Ndivhuwo. "A framework of indicators for sustainable adventure tourism destinations." 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001123.

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D. Tech. Tourism Management
South Africa is widely regarded as one of the best adventure destinations on the African continent. However, here and elsewhere, sustainability is a pressing issue in any tourism context. Therefore, adventure tourism destinations need guidance on the best ways to succeed and to be sustainable. The objective of this study was to propose a framework of indicators that are specifically formulated for sustainable adventure tourism. In order to achieve this objective, a literature survey of pertinent issues in this field was conducted, followed by an empirical study. Firstly, profiling of the destination (Waterval Boven) was conducted followed by determining respondents' knowledge of a number of pertinent iconic sustainable tourism organisations. Hereafter the sustainable tourism indicators were categorised into economic, social and environmental groups.

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Liu, Te-Tso, and 劉得佐. "Participating attitudes, motivation, constraints and behavior of adventure tourism." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50341399738818665381.

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碩士
國立體育學院
休閒產業經營學系碩士班
93
Adventure tourism is worth to promote in Taiwan because of the diversity of travelers’ demand and the advantage of the congenital geographical environment. According to Ajzen’s (1991) study, individuals’ behavior is positively related to their attitude. When having higher attitude of adventure tourism, one will have higher chances to participate in. The purpose of this study was to understand individuals’ attitude toward adventure tourism, and previous participants’ motivation and behavior, and non-participants’ constraints of participation. In addition, the researcher tried to segment the adventure attitude of participants and non-participants, and to analyze the relationship between each segment and the attitude, motivation and constraints. The research used questionnaire to collect the data. Subjects were selected from railroad stations and Chun-shun freeway rest area. 560 questionnaires were distributed and 392 were returned. The response rate was 78 %. The data analysis was analyzed by factor analysis, cluster analysis, discrimination analysis, chi square test, one-way ANOVA, reliability and validity analysis. The conclusion of the study was as follows: 1. The participants and interested non-participants’ adventure attitude could be classified into three segmentations: as positive attitude, moderate attitude and negative attitude. Most people perceived positive attitudes toward adventure tourism. 2. This research found male’s attitude was better than female’s. In the positive attitude segment, participants who have been participated in were the most. The arrangement of tour was most partially arranged by the participants. The frequency of participating was less than once a year. The number of days of the tour was between 0-3 days. The accompany person was friends of the most. 3. The main motivation of the participants was experiencing and learning knowledge about nature, participating the same activity with friends, benefiting self value and ability. 4. The main constraints of the non-participants were site and equipment constraint, physical and skill constraints and intra-personal constraint. 5. This research found three levels of attitudes are significant in motivation. Benefiting self-value and ability and participating in the same activity with friends are the highest in the positive attitude segment. The suggestions of the study were: 1. For adventure tourism management: Adventure tourism managers could look for the potential participants depend on demographic characteristic of positive attitude segment. In order to promote the participant’ technological ability and attracting participants, adventure tourism managers could offer place and equipment, instructor, enough information etc, to help non-participants overcome their constraints. When designing traveling program, managers could consult following information: three days trip, taking experiences and enriching the knowledge of nature as the topic. Relevant information could be delivered through Internets, TV and broadcast. 2. For the government This research found that most of the individuals’ attitude reward participating in adventure tourism was positive. The government could plan and promote adventure tourism in the future. 3. Suggestions for future research Besides understanding public attitude of adventure tourism and participants’ motivation and behavior, and non-participants’ constraints, future researchers could focus on specific activities of adventure. Also studying other variables, such as really behavior, flow experience and satisfaction.

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Lin, Chia-Chien, and 林佳蒨. "My Journey- The Experiences of Adventure Tourism for Contemporary Women Travelers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/sdpzzf.

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碩士
國立臺灣師範大學
運動休閒與餐旅管理研究所
104
Adventure tourism is part of sport tourism that includes three destinations of land, sea and sky (Muller & Cleaver, 2000). Recently, more women travelers were over taken the ad-venture tourism market (ATTA, 2015). The research of this pinky storm was attached great importance which indicated the research gap between West and East world. The inquiry method of story-telling is well replay the tourist’s experience (Tung & Ritchie, 2011). This study used self-narrative inquiry experience method which describes researcher’s twenty international adventure tours experience from 2010 to 2015. The secleted tours were included the land, sea and sky activities in Taiwan, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. The researcher transformed the experience into useful data via collecting the historical receipt and photos (Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). Those tours adapted the experience model (Pine & Gilmore, 1998) that shows the validation of theory. And it showed the consistency of other women’s experimental self-narrative writing with this study. Through the intanational point of view, it will result women adventure tourism improvement that to have the unforgettable adventure experience. Furthermore, this result will help tours marketing and tours planning in adventure tourism.

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Calbet, Òscar Vidal. "ZoomAzores project: implementation of a WebGIS for Nature and Adventure Tourism." Master's thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/6596.

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Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Estatística e Gestão de Informação
Nowadays, the Web offers new ways to make available information to users. This creates new ways and tools that can be used to make available tourist information and promotion of these destinations. The main objective this work is to develop a Web application for the ZoomAzores project. This web application uses dynamic maps and user-generated content features, which are focused on make available useful information for the tourist and the promotion of Nature and Adventure Tourism (NAT) in the archipelago of Azores. The solutions encountered were always determined by the technologies used and from the point of view of tourists visiting the Azores, which frequently doesn’t know about the Azores territory. The ZoomAzores Web application has Geographic Information System (GIS) visualization and navigation capabilities on the Internet, turning it into a WebGIS. It also encompasses the principles of Web 2.0 providing functionalities such as the generation of contents by users. The existing link between the use of dynamic maps and Web 2.0 in the tourism promotion and travel planning tasks seems to be a solid reality putting up new opportunities for the business in tourism.In this work, the development of the ZoomAzores WebGIS is based on the use of Open Standards (OS) and Free Open Source Software (FOSS). The use of OS is a key to the development of a WebGIS application able to interoperate with other systems and then use and consume Web Services (WS) that other systems can offer, concurrently enriching the data sources used. The FOSS technologies allow creates a more low cost solution without licensing cost software. This document exposes some design aspects in the system development and describes some functional and architectural features about the WebGIS ZoomAzores.

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Wang, Po-Yu. "A case study investigation of adventure tourism operators in national parks." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/937209.

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Research Doctorate - Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
As the demand for adventure tourism in national parks increases, the number of adventure tour operators also increases, and the debate regarding their presence in national parks ensues. Conservation then competes with adventure tourism supply and as such is of growing concern to national parks management, particularly in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. This thesis focuses on the operators’ subjective interpretation of adventure tourism supply in NSW national parks, and explores why the operators have particular foci in and perspectives on the supply of adventure tourism in national parks. This thesis draws on role theory and selected motivational theories as a foundation for exploring values and behaviours. A qualitative case study design was employed and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 adventure tour operators based in four NSW national parks. Research results indicated that the interviewed operators were motivated by multiple factors, with lifestyle being the overarching and most important motivator driving them to engage in the supply of adventure tourism in national parks. This thesis found the operators played a variety of roles in the supply of adventure tourism in national parks. These roles were played out in relation to their concerns for clients, the natural environment and their businesses. The role of being an adventure tourism professional was the most salient identity for most operators in this thesis. This thesis also found participants ultimately placed their businesses at the centre of their value systems. Therefore, operators’ endeavours with regard to conservation were not initiated from a concern for the natural environment, but, rather a concern for their businesses. Despite this central focus the operators expressed strong biocentric values and a strong desire to contribute to conservation of national parks. The findings of this thesis were examined in light of this juxtaposition between business values and conservation values and how these impacted operators’ decisions and behaviours. This thesis concludes by examining how the findings challenge current approaches to the management of tourism in national parks and makes recommendations for further research.

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Staples, Amy J. "Safari ethnography expeditionary film, popular science and the work of adventure tourism /." Diss., 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/52907371.html.

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Mohasi, Lieketseng. "Adventure travel and sustainable tourism development in Lesotho : the case of pony trekking." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/6097.

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Tourism in Lesotho reached a peak in the mid-1970's, based upon the opening of modern hotels and casinos in Maseru and the attraction of gambling. This was an activity which was not then available in the neighbouring country of the Republic of South Africa. Casinos became Lesotho's dominant tourist product. The legalising of gambling in South Africa increased competition in the casino market and Lesotho could therefore no longer capitalise on casinos. Furthermore, the casinos in the country were externally owned and controlled. This form of tourism was therefore not economically viable for the greater proportion of the host population because most of the revenue generated drained back to parent countries. As a result, the strategy for tourism development shifted to the development of natural environment, landscape and outdoor pursuits such as pony trekking. Pony trekking became popular in the late 1970's and has since become one of the most important tourist products of the country. In the 1980's community pony trekking associations were established. These pony trekking initiatives were identified as one development option that could provide economic opportunities for rural communities where few other opportunities exist. The purpose of this study is to examine whether pony trekking initiatives in Lesotho can yield maximum possible economic, social and environmental benefits for the present and future host communities. While investigating its potential to meet the needs of host communities for improved living standards, it also examines whether this tourist product satisfies the demands and expectations of visitors. The field work described in this dissertation was carried out in three pony trekking centres, namely: the government owned Basotho Pony Trekking Centre located at Molimo-Nthuse in the Maseru district; the privately owned Malealea Pony Trekking Centre at Malealea in the Mafeteng district; and the community owned- Khohlonts'o Pony Trekking Centre at III Bokong in the Thaba-Tseka district. This study has revealed that pony trekking activities provide substantial socio- economic opportunities for local communities along the trek routes and around the trekking centres, from the renting of overnight facilities and horses, the production and selling of crafts and tour guiding by local people. Furthermore, the majority of members of pony trekking associations surveyed revealed high support for the activity due to the economic benefits. It was also found that the demands of the majority of visitors are being met. They were satisfied with the facilities and services offered in these centres and regarded public reception as being good. Though pony trekking contributes to social upliftment of the host communities, it is found, however, that there are major drawbacks. The survey indicates that at present limited number of people are involved or participate in pony trekking associations. Not only that, but even communities that are directly involved in pony trekking associations do not have control of such initiatives. Further, the survey shows that there is insufficient community capacity building and lack of government involvement in funding in the investment in infrastructure. Finally, the potential to attract more visitors remains relatively untapped due to a lack of proper marketing strategies; a lack of integrated marketing efforts in promotional campaigns; and weak advertising of the product between the public and private sectors. On the basis of these findings suggestions are made for further improvement. These include, firstly, a need to launch education and awareness programmes on the important role that tourism can play in socio-economic development of the communities. Secondly, more opportunities for the local population and new areas for pony trekking development should be opened. Finally, stronger support, from both the government and private firms for the tourist industry is needed.
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1999.

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Chang, Kuang-Tung, and 張廣同. "Key Influences on Adventure Tourism Participation – A Case of Mountaineers in Taipei Area." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00973101267320963172.

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碩士
逢甲大學
景觀與遊憩研究所
95
Adventure tourism has rarely discussion in Taiwan. However there are researches and explorations on participation influence, still lack of integrality relative analysis, therefore this paper engage in whole influences framework on adventure participation base on theories and researches summarize. After the establishment of structure model of influence on adventure tourism, this paper tests the rhetorical model in practical activity- mountaineer. This paper engages in research into influences of adventure tourism participation. There are 5 factors of influence after theories reviewing and summarizing. There are 5 factors concluded are as fallow: (1) Push factor of adventure recreation and tourism. (2) Pull factor of adventure recreation and tourism. (3) Perso¬nal perceptions of adventure. (4) Lifestyles of adventure tourism participants. (5) Personality characteristics of adventure tourism participants. The examination of 5 factors formed the influence structure of adventure tourism by using confirmatory factor analysis. After the structure built, this paper makes discussions and comparisons between the adventure tourism and recreation participants. The population of this paper is participants of mountain tourism offer by college and society groups in Taipei area. The data collected through systematic sampling during November, 10th to December, 8th, 2006. There are 506 questionnaires received of 850 sent. After deducting 41 incomplete and 47 different area from received questionnaires, 428 questionnaires are gathered. The sample size of mountaineer of High Mountain is 224. The sample size of mountaineer of non-High Mountain is 194 in addition. The Cronbach’s α value of reliability is 0.9174. The results of this paper revealed are as fallow: (1) There is no significant difference in social background between participants of High Mountain and non-High Mountain by covariance analysis. (2) There is significant difference in active property between participants of High Mountain and non-High Mountain by covariance analysis. (3) The factors structured of adventure tourism participation influence are push factor, pull factor, perception of adventure, lifestyle and personality characteristics. (4) The factor structure of High Mountain is different from non-High Mountain.

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Govindasamy, Kshetra. "Adventure tourism in the Kwazulu-Natal Province : identification of hotspots and mobile knowledge." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/10012.

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This research focused on adventure tourism in KZN. The adventurer traveller is interested in remote pristine hotspots. A concern is that irresponsible behaviour on the adventurer’s part could lead to the destruction of the fragile natural environment, as well as negatively interfere with the local traditional cultural values. Adventure hotspots were identified by using the functionalities of a GIS. These findings were validated by tourism practitioners in KZN. The researcher also proposed a practical solution that could improve or enhance the behaviour of adventurers. Existing media were collated into information prompts. These information prompts were categorised in tables that could be linked to a mobile GIS environment. The researcher then examined the framework requirements for a mobile GIS. This resulted in a set of seven criteria that brought together the core essentials required for the conceptual framework of a mobile GIS device dedicated to the adventurer in KZN.
Geography
M.A. (Geography)

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Ntuli, Lungile Celumusa Faith. "The impact of a community based tourism project on poverty alleviation : a case study of the Isithumba Adventure Tourism village." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/10478.

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The study outlines the impact a community based tourism project has on poverty alleviation in Isithumba. Isithumba Adventure Tourism village is the case analysed in this study. This community based tourism project has been developed in KwaZuluNatal, a place called Isithumba found in KwaXimba Tribal Authority outside Durban. The rationale behind the study is to determine whether the Isithumba community based project had a positive impact, negative impact or no impact on the standards of living of the KwaXimba community. This has been achieved through the use of interviews conducted by the researcher in terms of which a survey questionnaire was used to obtain information from the respondents in one hundred households covered by the study. A supplementary questionnaire was also formulated to obtain background information from people who were employed in the project and other key informants. In this regard, the quantitative study was chosen to express in numerical values and to analyze what the studied community feels about the project and its impact on their lives. The study concluded that the project, which was perceived by the community to bring about positive economic, socio-cultural and environmental impact, has produced lower results than anticipated. Those who had been directly involved have witnessed positive impact in the form of job creation, entrepreneurial opportunities and skills development. However, the rest of the local community did not find the project beneficial to them. The researcher therefore concluded that community based tourism projects, if well managed and properly planned, could have positive impact on the local communities, but in this case, the impact was minimal.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.

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Aucamp, Jean. "Is South African Tourism (SAT) giving enough support for the establishment of a competitive adventure travel industry." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/214.

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The South African government has recognized tourism as a key development priority and an important contributor to the South African economy. Numerous global lifestyle and travel trends impact the nature of tourism, changing it from consisting of mass standardized travel options to more customized niche offerings. Globally adventure tourism has been recognized as one of the fastest growing niche travel market segments. Whilst South Africa has enormous potential for adventure tourism, it is fast becoming a highly competitive sector with many countries competing for a share. For the South African adventure travel product to grow and prosper, it needs the support of South African Tourism (SAT) to successfully market and promote it to the appropriate target market.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adventure tourism'

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