Dissertations / Theses: 'Advanced Travel Information System'

1

Iqbal, Md Shahadat. "Data Support of Advanced Traveler Information System Considering Connected Vehicle Technology." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3495.

Full text

Abstract:

Traveler information systems play a significant role in most travelers’ daily trips. These systems assist travelers in choosing the best routes to reach their destinations and possibly select suitable departure times and modes for their trips. Connected Vehicle (CV) technologies are now in the pilot program stage. Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications will be an important source of data for traffic agencies. If this data is processed properly, then agencies will be able to better determine traffic conditions, allowing them to take proper countermeasures to remedy transportation system problems under different conditions. This research focuses on developing methods to assess the potential of utilizing CV data to support the traveler information system data collection process. The results from the assessment can be used to establish a timeline indicating when an agency can stop investing, at least partially, in traditional technologies, and instead rely on CV technologies for traveler information system support. This research utilizes real-world vehicle trajectory data collected under the Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) program and simulation modeling to emulate the use of connected vehicle data to support the traveler information system. NGSIM datasets collected from an arterial segment and a freeway segment are used in this research. Microscopic simulation modeling is also used to generate required trajectory data, allowing further analysis, which is not possible using NGSIM data. The first step is to predict the market penetration of connected vehicles in future years. This estimated market penetration is then used for the evaluation of the effectiveness of CV-based data for travel time and volume estimation, which are two important inputs for the traveler information system. The travel times are estimated at different market penetrations of CV. The quality of the estimation is assessed by investigating the accuracy and reliability with different CV deployment scenarios. The quality of volume estimates is also assessed using the same data with different future scenarios of CV deployment and partial or no detector data. Such assessment supports the identification of a timeline indicating when CV data can be used to support the traveler information system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Agafonov, Evgeny. "Fuzzy and multi-resolution data processing for advanced traffic and travel information." Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271790.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Xiao, Yan. "Hybrid Approaches to Estimating Freeway Travel Times Using Point Traffic Detector Data." FIU Digital Commons, 2011. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/356.

Full text

Abstract:

The accurate and reliable estimation of travel time based on point detector data is needed to support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications. It has been found that the quality of travel time estimation is a function of the method used in the estimation and varies for different traffic conditions. In this study, two hybrid on-line travel time estimation models, and their corresponding off-line methods, were developed to achieve better estimation performance under various traffic conditions, including recurrent congestion and incidents. The first model combines the Mid-Point method, which is a speed-based method, with a traffic flow-based method. The second model integrates two speed-based methods: the Mid-Point method and the Minimum Speed method. In both models, the switch between travel time estimation methods is based on the congestion level and queue status automatically identified by clustering analysis. During incident conditions with rapidly changing queue lengths, shock wave analysis-based refinements are applied for on-line estimation to capture the fast queue propagation and recovery. Travel time estimates obtained from existing speed-based methods, traffic flow-based methods, and the models developed were tested using both simulation and real-world data. The results indicate that all tested methods performed at an acceptable level during periods of low congestion. However, their performances vary with an increase in congestion. Comparisons with other estimation methods also show that the developed hybrid models perform well in all cases. Further comparisons between the on-line and off-line travel time estimation methods reveal that off-line methods perform significantly better only during fast-changing congested conditions, such as during incidents. The impacts of major influential factors on the performance of travel time estimation, including data preprocessing procedures, detector errors, detector spacing, frequency of travel time updates to traveler information devices, travel time link length, and posted travel time range, were investigated in this study. The results show that these factors have more significant impacts on the estimation accuracy and reliability under congested conditions than during uncongested conditions. For the incident conditions, the estimation quality improves with the use of a short rolling period for data smoothing, more accurate detector data, and frequent travel time updates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kim, Hoe Kyoung. "Development and evaluation of advanced traveler information system (ATIS) using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication system." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33828.

Full text

Abstract:

This research develops and evaluates an Advanced Traveler Information System (ATIS) model using a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication system (referred to as the GATIS-V2V model) with the off-the-shelf microscopic simulation model, VISSIM. The GATIS-V2V model is tested on notional small traffic networks (non-signalized and signalized) and a 6X6 typical urban grid network (signalized traffic network). The GATIS-V2V model consists of three key modules: vehicle communication, on-board travel time database management, and a Dynamic Route Guidance System (DRGS). In addition, the system performance has been enhanced by applying three complementary functions: Autonomous Automatic Incident Detection (AAID), a minimum sample size algorithm, and a simple driver behavior model. To select appropriate parameter ranges for the complementary functions a sensitivity analysis has been conducted. The GATIS-V2V performance has been investigated relative to three underlying system parameters: traffic flow, communication radio range, and penetration ratio of participating vehicles. Lastly, the enhanced GATIS-V2V model is compared with the centralized traffic information system. This research found that the enhanced GATIS-V2V model outperforms the basic model in terms of travel time savings and produces more consistent and robust system output under non-recurrent traffic states (i.e., traffic incident) in the simple traffic network. This research also identified that the traffic incident detection time and driver's route choice rule are the most crucial factors influencing the system performance. As expected, as traffic flow and penetration ratio increase, the system becomes more efficient, with non-participating vehicles also benefiting from the re-routing of participating vehicles. The communication radio ranges considered were found not to significantly influence system operations in the studied traffic network. Finally, it is found that the decentralized GATIS-V2V model has similar performance to the centralized model even under low flow, short radio range, and low penetration ratio cases. This implies that a dynamic infrastructure-based traffic information system could replace a fixed infrastructure-based traffic information system, allowing for considerable savings in fixed costs and ready expansion of the system off of the main network corridors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Wang, Jinghui. "Multi-modal Energy Consumption Modeling and Eco-routing System Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78624.

Full text

Abstract:

A door-to-door trip may involve multiple traffic modes. For example, travelers may drive to a subway station and make a transfer to rail transit; alternatively, people may also start their trips by walking/cycling to a bus/subway station and then take transit in most of the trip. A successful eco-route planning thus should be able to cover multiple traffic modes and offer intermodal routing suggestions. Developing such a system requires to address extensive concerns. The dissertation is a building block of the multi-modal energy-efficient routing system which is being developed and tested in the simulation environment before real applications. Four submodules have been developed in the dissertation as partial fulfillment of the simulation-based system: energy consumption modeling, subway system development, on-road vehicles dynamic eco-routing, and information effect on route choice behavior. Other submodules such as pedestrian/bicycle modeling will be studied in the future. Towards the research goal, the dissertation first develops fuel consumption models for on-road vehicles. Given that gasoline light duty vehicles (LDVs) and electric vehicles were modeled in previous studies, the research effort mainly focuses on heavy duty vehicles (HDVs). Specifically, heavy duty diesel trucks (HDDTs) as well as diesel and hybrid-electric transit buses are modeled. The models are developed based on the Virginia Tech Comprehensive Power-based Fuel consumption Modeling (VT-CPFM) framework. The results demonstrate that the model estimates are highly consistent with field observations as well as the estimates of the Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model (CMEM) and MOtor Vehicle Emissions Simulator (MOVES). It is also found that the optimum fuel economy cruise speed ranges between 32 and 52 km/h for the tested trucks and between 39 and 47 km/h for the tested buses on grades varying from 0% to 8%, which is significantly lower than LDVs (60-80 km/h). The dissertation then models electric train dynamics and energy consumption in support of subway simulation system development and trip energy estimation. The dynamics model varies throttle and brake level with running speed rather than assuming constants as was done by previous studies, and the energy consumption model considers instantaneous energy regeneration. Both models can be easily calibrated using non-engine data and implemented in simulation systems and eco-transit applications. The results of the dynamics modeling demonstrate that the proposed model can adequately capture instantaneous acceleration/deceleration behavior and thus produce realistic train trajectories. The results of the energy consumption modeling demonstrate that the model produces the estimates consistent with the National Transit Database (NTD) results, and is applicable for project-level analysis given its ability in capturing the energy consumption differences associated with train, route and operational characteristics. The most suitable simulation testbed for system development is then identified. The dissertation investigates four state-of-the-art microsimulation models (INTEGRATION, VISSIM, AIMSUM, PARAMICS). Given that the car-following model within a micro-simulator controls longitudinal vehicle motion and thus determines the resulting vehicle trajectories, the research effort mainly focuses on the performance of the built-in car-following models from the energy and environmental perspective. The vehicle specific power (VSP) distributions resulting from each of the car-following models are compared to the field observations. The results demonstrate that the Rakha-Pasumarthy-Adjerid (RPA) model (implemented in the INTEGRATION software) outperforms the Gipps (AIMSUM), Fritzsche (PARAMICS) and Wiedemann (VISSIM) models in generating accurate VSP distributions and fuel consumption and emission estimates. This demonstrates the advantage of the INTEGRATION model over the other three simulation models for energy and environmental analysis. A new eco-routing model, comprehensively considering microscopic characteristics, is then developed, followed by a numerical experiment to test the benefit of the model. With the resulting eco-routing model, an on-road vehicle dynamic eco-routing system is constructed for in-vehicle navigation applications, and tested for different congestion levels. The results of the study demonstrate that the proposed eco-routing model is able to generate reasonable routing suggestions based on real-time information while at the same time differentiate eco-routes between vehicle models. It is also found that the proposed dynamic eco-routing system achieves lower network-wide energy consumption levels compared to the traditional eco-routing and travel time routing at all congestion levels. The results also demonstrate that the conventional fuel savings relative to the travel time routing decrease with the increasing congestion level; however, the electric power savings do not monotonically vary with congestion level. Furthermore, the energy savings relative to the traditional eco-routing are also not monotonically related to congestion level. In addition, network configuration is demonstrated to significantly affect eco-routing benefits. The dissertation finally investigates the potential to influence driver behavior by studying the impact of information on route choice behavior based on a real world experiment. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the effectiveness of information in routing rationality depends upon the traveler's age, preferences, route characteristics, and information type. Specifically, information effect is less evident for elder travelers. Also, the provided information may not be contributing if travelers value other considerations or one route significantly outperforms the others. The results also demonstrate that, when travelers have limited experiences, strict information is more effective than variability information, and that the faster less reliable route is more attractive than the slower more reliable route; yet the difference becomes insignificant with experiences accumulation. The results of the study will be used to enhance system design through considering route choice incentives.
Ph. D.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Henclewood, Dwayne Anthony. "Real-time estimation of arterial performance measures using a data-driven microscopic traffic simulation technique." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44792.

Full text

Abstract:

Traffic congestion is a one hundred billion dollar problem in the US. The cost of congestion has been trending upward over the last few decades, but has experienced slight decreases in recent years partly due to the impact of congestion reduction strategies. The impact of these strategies is however largely experienced on freeways and not arterials. This discrepancy in impact is partially linked to the lack of real-time, arterial traffic information. Toward this end, this research effort seeks to address the lack of arterial traffic information. To address this dearth of information, this effort developed a methodology to provide accurate estimates of arterial performance measures to transportation facility managers and travelers in real-time. This methodology employs transmitted point sensor data to drive an online, microscopic traffic simulation model. The feasibility of this methodology was examined through a series of experiments that were built upon the successes of the previous, while addressing the necessary limitations. The results from each experiment were encouraging. They successfully demonstrated the method's likely feasibility, and the accuracy with which field estimates of performance measures may be obtained. In addition, the method's results support the viability of a "real-world" implementation of the method. An advanced calibration process was also developed as a means of improving the method's accuracy. This process will in turn serve to inform future calibration efforts as the need for more robust and accurate traffic simulation models are needed. The success of this method provides a template for real-time traffic simulation modeling which is capable of adequately addressing the lack of available arterial traffic information. In providing such information, it is hoped that transportation facility managers and travelers will make more informed decisions regarding more efficient management and usage of the nation's transportation network.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Roell, Maria. "The use of public participation in the design of effective internet-based advanced traveler information systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45954.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis examines three methods of public participation and their potential application to the design of internet-based Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATISs). ATISs have the ability to reduce congestion by providing their users with real-time traffic information that can affect their travel decisions to avoid areas of high traffic. This study first uses a website evaluation method to determine a baseline of ATIS website quality. It then uses three forms of public participation, a survey, a future's workshop, and a feedback website to determine user preferences for Georgia's traveler information website, NaviGAtor. The results of the participation are then analyzed for their strengths and weaknesses and their applicability to ATIS development. The study concludes that the feedback website is the most applicable form of participation for ATIS design, followed by surveys that should be used periodically, and future's workshops that should be used rarely.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Sitabkhan, Murtaza Zoher 1971. "Quantitative evaluation of advanced traveler information system benefits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50017.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Blanco, Myra. "Effects of In-Vehicle Information Systems (IVIS) Tasks on the Information Processing Demands of a Commercial Vehicle Operations (CVO) Driver." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36413.

Full text

Abstract:

This study was performed with two main goals in mind. The first goal was to understand and predict "red-lines" and "yellow-lines" in terms of what the CVO driver can process without hindering the primary task of driving. The second goal was to collect conventional secondary task data for CVO driving performance. An on-the-road experiment was performed with the help of 12 truck drivers. Type of task, presentation format, information density, and age were the independent variables used in the experiment. The 22 dependent measures collected were grouped into the following categories: eye glance measures, longitudinal driving performance, lateral driving performance, secondary task performance, and subjective assessment. The findings of this study strongly suggest that paragraphs should not be used under any circumstance to present information to the driver while the vehicle is in motion. On the other hand, the Graphics with Icons represent the most appropriate format in which driving instructions and information should be presented for IVIS/CVO tasks. In order to avoid a high visual attention demand to the driver due to a secondary task, only simple search tasks with the most important information shall be presented. Although the suggested format, type of task, and information density represent a higher visual attention demand than a conventional secondary task, these characteristics seem to bind a task with a moderate attentional demand. Other combinations of format, type of task, and information density will cause an increase in the driver's attentional demand that will consequently deteriorate their driving performance causing unsafe driving situations.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Doshi, Siddharth. "Designing a multi-modal traveler information platform for urban transportation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37167.

Full text

Abstract:

Urban transportation networks are inefficient due to sub-optimal use by travelers. One approach to counter the increase in urban transportation demand is to provide better information to travelers, which would allow them to make better use of the network. Existing traveler information systems do this to a certain extent, but are limited by the data available and the scope of their implementation. These systems are vertically integrated and closed so that using any external elements for analysis, user interfacing etc. is difficult. The effects of such traveler information systems are reviewed via a comparative analysis of case studies available in the literature. It is found that information availability has a definite positive effect, but the social and environmental benefits are difficult to quantify. It is also seen that combining data by integrating systems can lead to additional uses for the same data and result on better quality of service and information. In this thesis, a regional platform for multi-modal traveler information is proposed that would support the development of traveler information systems. The architecture incorporates a central processing and storage module, which acts as an information clearinghouse and supports receiving, managing and sending data to and from multiple sources and interfaces. This setup allows sharing of data for analysis or application development, but with access control. The components are loosely coupled to minimize inter-dependencies. Due to this, the source, analysis, user interface and storage components can be developed independently of each other. To better develop the requirements and understand the challenges of the proposed concept, a limited implementation of the system is designed for the midtown Atlanta region, incorporating multiple data sources and user interfaces. The individual elements of the system are described in detail as is the testing and evaluation of the system.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Herndon, Christopher Michael. "The history of the architectural guidebook and the development of an architectural information system." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092007-114619/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Shuo, Zhang. "Design and Implementation of a WEB-based Tourism Information Management System: Travel-SYS." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-168132.

Full text

Abstract:

As tourism has become one of the most promising industries in the world, tourism information management systems have become increasingly popular. People are more and more dependent on such systems nowadays. The systems themselves have evolved, from being systems in which the users can only accept information passively, to systems which aim to integrate the users as an important part of the system. The users can be information providers as well, i.e. share what they have learned from their travel. The aim is to build an open, unified standard, and a well-functioning platform for all users. This project follows the software development process, i.e. requirement collection, system design, detailed design, database design and finally implementation and testing.The UML language is used to model the system, and for analysis of the functional and the non-functional requirements. Moreover, the project uses the .NET framework, C# language and the SQL Server 2005 DBMS to implement the web based tourisminformation management system. The system includes an information sharing platform, which allows sharing of user experiences for all users. In addition, the system employs a two-dimensional user management model, which allows not only authority management but also management of the scope of the user's authority.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

黃秀貞 and Sau-ching Pauline Wong. "Development of GIS-based advanced traveler information system (ATIS) in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260962.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Wong, Sau-ching Pauline. "Development of GIS-based advanced traveler information system (ATIS) in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25247621.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Mudgade, Sudha. "Travel demand forecast for an urban network using the System II Regional Information System and Subarea Analysis Software." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02162010-020052/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Meyer, Steven J. "INTEGRATING THE JOINT ADVANCED MISSILE INSTRUMENTATION (JAMI) TIME SPACE POSITION INFORMATION (TSPI) UNIT (JTU) INTO A TELEMETRY SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605057.

Full text

Abstract:

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Joint Advance Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) program has developed a Time Space Position Information (TSPI) unit (JTU). The JTU employs a novel use of Global Positioning System (GPS) technology, and inertial measurement units (IMU) to provide a real time trajectory for high dynamic missile systems. The GPS system can function during high g maneuvers that an air-to-air missile might encounter. The IMU is decoupled from the GPS sensor. The IMU data is a secondary navigation source for the JTU and will provide platform attitude. The GPS data and IMU data are sent to the ground in telemetry packet called TSPI Unit Message Structure (TUMS). The TUMS packet is sent to a computer that hosts the JAMI Data Processing (JDP) software, which performs a Kalmam filter on the GPS and IMU data to provide a real time TSPI solution to the range displays. The packetized TUMS data is available in three different output formats: RS-232 serial data, 16-bit parallel and PCM. This paper focuses on how to integrate the JTU into a telemetry system, use it as a standalone system, and provides examples of possible uses.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Demirkesen, Ali Can. "Constructing a prior information base for river mapping from digital images and DEMS by an advanced image interpretation system /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486399160105487.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Christian, Warren J. "Using Geospatial Technologies to Characterize Relationships between Travel Behavior, Food Availability, and Health." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/4.

Full text

Abstract:

Epidemic obesity in the U.S. has prompted exploration of causal factors related to the built environment. Recent research has noted statistical associations between the spatial accessibility of retail food sources, such as supermarkets, convenience stores, and restaurants, and individual characteristics such as weight, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity. These studies typically use residential proximity or neighborhood density to food sources as the measure of accessibility. Assessing food environments in this manner, however, is very limiting. Since most people travel outside of their neighborhood on a daily basis, the retail food sources available to individuals residing in the same area could vary widely. This research developed new techniques for describing food accessibility or food environments based upon individuals’ activity and travel patterns, or their activity spaces. Researchers have previously used travel diaries to study activity and travel behavior, but these are burdensome for participants, and are prone to recall error and other inaccuracies. This study explored use of global positioning system (GPS) to identify participants' activity spaces, and employed a geographic information system (GIS) to assess the retail food sources located within these spaces. This produced ‘activity-based’ measures of individual retail food accessibility that do not rely on areal units, nor require travel diaries. Participants included 121 residents of a census tract in Lexington, Kentucky who agreed to carry GPS trackers for three workdays, and complete surveys regarding weight, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and diet and food purchasing habits. The types and relative frequencies of food locations within their activity spaces were compared to those within close proximity to the census tract. Dietary and food purchasing habits were subsequently analyzed in relation to activity-based food environment measures. The results of this study demonstrate substantial potential for misclassification bias in food accessibility research based on residential proximity or neighborhood density. Furthermore, this study observed statistically significant relationships between the new activity-based food accessibility measures and some personal characteristics and food-related behaviors. Despite some limitations, the techniques developed in this research show great potential for future research, which should be explored further in a variety of contexts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Meyer, Steven J. "TELEMETRY GROUND STATION CONFIGURATION FOR THE JOINT ADVANCED MISSILE INSTRUMENTATION (JAMI) TIME SPACE POSITION INFORMATION (TSPI) UNIT (JTU)." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604888.

Full text

Abstract:

ITC/USA 2005 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-First Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 24-27, 2005 / Riviera Hotel & Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
The Joint Advance Missile Instrumentation (JAMI) program has developed a Time Space Position Information (TSPI) unit (JTU). The JTU employs a novel use of GPS technology and inertial measurement units (IMU) to provide a real time trajectory for high dynamic missile systems. The GPS system can function during high g maneuvers that an air-to-air missile might encounter. The IMU is decoupled from the GPS sensor. The IMU data is a secondary navigation source for the JTU and will provide platform attitude. The GPS data and IMU data are sent to the ground in a telemetry packet called TUMS (TSPI Unit Message Structure). The TUMS packet is sent to a computer that hosts the JAMI Data Processing (JDP) software, which performs a Kalmam filter on the GPS and IMU data to provide a real-time TSPI solution to the range displays. This paper focuses on the equipment and software needed at a telemetry ground station to display the real time TPSI solution on the range displays. It includes an overview of the system data flow. This overview should help a potential user of the system understand what is involved in running the JAMI system. The post mission tools to provide an accurate trajectory and end-game scoring will not be discussed in this paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Brogi, Guillaume. "Real-time detection of Advanced Persistent Threats using Information Flow Tracking and Hidden Markov Models." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1167/document.

Full text

Abstract:

Dans cette thèse, nous présentons les risques posés par les Menaces Persistentes Avancées (APTs) et proposons une approche en deux temps pour distinguer les attaques qui en font partie. Ce travail fait partie d'Akheros, un Système de Détection d'Intrusion (IDS) autonome développé par trois doctorants. L'idée est d'utiliser l'apprentissage machine pour détecté des évènements inattendus et vérifier s'ils posent un risque de sécurité. La dernière étape, et le sujet de cette thèse, est de mettre en évidence les APT. Les campagnes d'APT sont particulièrement dangereuses car les attaquants sont compétents et ont un but précis ainsi que du temps et de l'argent. Nous partons des résultats des parties précédentes d'Akheros: une liste d'évènements traduisible en flux d'information et qui indique quand des attaques sont détectées. Nous faisons ressortir les liens entre attaques en utilisant le Suivi de Flux d'Information: nous ajoutons une nouvelle teinte pour chaque attaque. Lors de la propagation, si une teinte se trouve en amont d'un flux qui fait partie d'une attaque, alors les deux attaques sont liés. Certaines attaques se trouvent liées par erreur car les évènements que nous utilisons ne sont pas assez précis, d'où l'approche en deux temps. Dans le cas où certaines attaques ne sont pas détectées, la teinte de cette attaque n'est pas créée, cependant, les autres teintes sont propagées normalement, et l'attaque précédent l'attaque non détectée sera liée à l'attaque lui faisant suite. Le deuxième temps de l'approche est de retirer les liens erronés. Nous utilisons un Modèle de Markov Caché pour représenter les APTs et retirons les campagnes qui ne suivent pas le modèle. Ceci fonctionne car les APTs, quoique toutes différentes, passent par les mêmes phases. Ces phases sont les états cachés du modèle. Les observations sont les types d'attaques effectuées pendant ces phases. De plus, les actions futures des attaquants dépendent des résultats de l'action en cours, ce qui satisfait l'hypothèse de Markov. Le score utilisé pour classer les campagnes potentielles de la plus proche d'une APT à la plus éloigné est basé sur un algorithme de Viterbi modifié pour prendre en compte les attaques non détectées potentielles
In this thesis, we present the risks posed by Advanced Persitent Threats (APTs) and propose a two-step approach for recognising when detected attacks are part of one. This is part of the Akheros solution, a fully autonomous Intrusion Detection System (IDS) being developed in collaboration by three PhD students. The idea is to use machine learning to detect unexpected events and check if they present a security risk. The last part, and the subject of this thesis, is the highlighting of APT. APTs campaigns are particularly dangerous because they are performed by skilled attackers with a precise goal and time and money on their side.We start with the results from the previous part of the Akheros IDS: a list of events, which can be translated to flows of information, with an indication for events found to be attacks. We find links between attacks using Information Flow Tracking. To do so, we create a new taint for each detected attack and propagate it. Whenever a taint is on the input of an event that is part of another attack, then the two attacks are linked. However, the links are only potential because the events used are not precise enough, which leads to erroneously propagated taints. In the case of an undetected attack, no taint is created for that attack, but the other taints are still propagated as normal so that previous attack is still linked to the next attack, only skipping the undetected one. The second step of the approach is to filter out the erroneous links. To do so, we use a Hidden Markov Model to represent APTs and remove potential attack campaign that do not fit the model. This is possible because, while each APT is different, they all go through the same phases, which form the hidden states of our model. The visible observations are the kind of attacks performed during these phases. In addition, the results in one phase dictate what the attackers do next, which fits the Markov hypothesis. The score used to rank potential attack campaign from most likely an APT to least likely so is based on a customised Viterbi algorithm in order to take into account potentially undetected attacks

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Jacobsson, Carl, and Jens Hedström. "Perceived Safety Risk and Information Search Behaviour for Rapid Transit Travel : A Descriptive and Explanatory Case Study of Stockholm’s Rapid Transit System." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik och samhälle, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-79959.

Full text

Abstract:

By using perceived risk theory to research consumers' feeling of safety in rapid transit, this study brings insight to the limited research area of consumer perceived risk of travelling by rapid transit in the context of unsafe and unpleasant incidents and its effect on consumer search behaviour. The existing models of risk induced information behaviour are mostly relevant for complex decisions. Hence when considering the service characteristics of rapid transit, the established literature is limited which makes it difficult when predicting search behaviour outcomes. From a practical essence, one identified barrier that limits the full potential usage of rapid transit is consumers perceived risk. Problem oriented policies have been implemented to address these issues. However, these initiatives need to be assessed in conjunction with understanding consumer behaviour and risk. Formed by the experiential nature of service, consumers want to reduce risk by processing information. Thus, the purpose of the research is to gain a better understanding of the perceived risk of rapid transit travel with regards to personal safety and exploring its effect on consumer information search behaviour. To address the purpose, the following research questions were stated and tested through hypothesis. RQ1 How do consumers view the perceived risk of rapid transit with regards to unsafe and unpleasant events? RQ2 How does the perceived risk of rapid transit with regards to personal safety, affect consumer search behaviours? By conducting extensive literature search, a theoretical framework could be concluded. Consisting of theories and models from the marketing literature with emphasis towards consumer behaviour and perceived risk. Empirical data was gathered and tested against the theoretical basis using a quantitative method of questionnaire survey and yielded 117 respondents. The empirical data was analysed using multivariate methods where the results were compared against the literature. The study can conclude that established theories and models can partially be used to understand perceived risk and information search behaviour in the context of rapid transit. The concluded results suggest safety as an important buying goal when selecting transportation mode. Although a perception of risk is present when travelling by rapid transit. The perceived risk can also be concluded to affect information search behaviour. Where increased perceived risk also increases information search. The information search can both be through active and passive information acquisition. Where passive search is deemed as the dominant search behaviour. This could partially be explained through rapid transits purchase characteristics of being habitual buying, with an iterative process of passive absorption. Lastly, natural dominant channels are considered most useful to acquire information and past experience the single most useful source. Moreover, the theoretical implications are significant in the view of understanding consumers' search behaviour when dealing with perceived risk of travelling by rapid transit. In a practical sense the implications are significant when considering the importance of understanding perceived risk in conjunction with consumer search behaviour when implementing strategies. Further research, however, is needed to understand perceived risks underlying relations to consumer search behaviour when dealing with habitual buying behaviour and unique service environments.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Organes, Kenneth A. "A Comparison of Text and Graphics as Effective User Interfaces in a Proposed Advanced Train Control System." UNF Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/100.

Full text

Abstract:

This study tested the effectiveness of three screen interface formats for use in a proposed on-board computer to be used as part of an advanced train control system. One of the three formats contained only graphic depictions of the data, one contained only textual representations and the third had a mixture of graphic and textual data. Twenty-eight subjects with varying railroad experience were recruited for the experiment. They were divided into three groups, each of which was presented with a simulation using one of the three interface types. The simulations depicted possible engine, track and train conditions that might be displayed on the computer screen of an operating locomotive. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) found no significant difference between the scores of the three groups tested. A second ANOVA detected no significant difference in the preferences of the three groups tested for a particular simulation format. These results contest the general assumption that graphic representations of data are always superior to text. Also, the effectiveness of a data display format depends largely on the nature of the task to be performed [Dickson86].

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Mitri, Georges Habib. "An investigation in the use of advanced remote sensing and geographic information system techniques for post-fire impact assessment on vegetation." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/2662.

Full text

Abstract:

2006/2007
Gli incendi boschivi rappresentano uno dei maggiori problemi ambientali nella regione Mediterranea con vaste superfici colpite ogni estate. Una stima dell’impatto ambientale degli incendi (a breve e a lungo termine) richiede la raccolta di informazioni accurate post-incendio relative al tipo di incendio, all’intensità, alla rigenerazione forestale ed al ripristino della vegetazione. L’utilizzo di tecniche avanzate di telerilevamento può fornire un valido strumento per lo studio di questi fenomeni. L’importanza di queste ricerche è stata più volte sottolineata dalla Commissione Europea che si è concentrata sullo studio degli incendi boschivi ed il loro effetto sulla vegetazione attraverso lo sviluppo di adeguati metodi di stima dell’impatto e di mitigazione. Scopo di questo lavoro è la stima dell’impatto post-incendio sulla vegetazione in ambiente Mediterraneo per mezzo di immagini satellitari ad alta risoluzione, di rilievi a terra e mediante tecniche avanzate di analisi dei dati. Il lavoro ha riguardato lo sviluppo di un sistema per l’integrazione di dati telerilevati ad altissima risoluzione spaziale e spettrale. Per la stima dell’impatto a breve termine, un modello di classificazione ad oggetti è stato sviluppato utilizzando immagini Ikonos ad altissima risoluzione spaziale per cartografare il tipo di incendio, differenziando l’incendio radente dall’incendio di chioma. I risultati mostrano che la classificazione ad oggetti potrebbe essere utilizzata per distinguere con elevata accuratezza (87% di accuratezza complessiva) le due tipologie di incendio, in particolare nei boschi Mediterranei aperti. È stata inoltre valutata la capacità della classificazione ad oggetti di distinguere e cartografare tre livelli di intensità del fuoco utilizzando le immagini Ikonos e l’accuratezza del risultato è stimata all’ 83%. Per la stima dell’impatto a lungo termine, la mappatura della rigenerazione post-incendio (pino) e la ripresa della vegetazione arbustiva sono state valutate mediante tre approcci: 1) la classificazione ad oggetti di immagini ad altissima risoluzione QuickBird che ha permesso di mappare la ripresa della vegetazione e l’impatto sulla copertura a seguito dell’incendio distinguendo due livelli di intensità dell’incendio (accuratezza della classificazione 86%). 2) l’analisi statistica di dati iperspettrali rilevati in campo che ha permesso una riduzione del 97% del volume di dati e la selezione delle migliori 14 bande per discriminare l’età e le specie di pino e le 18 migliori bande per la caratterizzazione delle specie arbustive. Successivamente, i dati iperspettrali Hyperion sono stati utlizzati per mappare la rigenerazione forestale e la ripresa della vegetazione. L’accuratezza complessiva della classificazione è stata del 75.1% considerando due diverse specie di pino ed altre specie vegetali. 3) una classificazione ad oggetti che ha combinato l’analisi dei dati QuickBird ed Hyperion. Si è registrato un aumento dell’accuratezza della classificazione pari all’8.06% rispetto all’utilizzo dei soli dati Hyperion. Complessivamente, si osserva che strumenti avanzati di telerilevamento consentono di raccogliere le informazioni relative alle aree incendiate, la rigenerazione forestale e la ripresa della vegetazione in modo accurato e vantaggioso in termini di costi e tempi.
Forest fires are a major environmental problem in the Mediterranean region, where large areas are affected each summer. An assessment of the environmental impact of forest fires (in the short-term and in the long-term) requires the collection of accurate and detailed post-fire information related to fire type, fire severity, forest regeneration and vegetation recovery. Advanced tools in remote sensing provide a powerful tool for the study of this phenomenon. The importance of this work was often emphasized by the European Commission, which focused on the studying of forest fires and their effect on vegetation through the development of appropriate impact assessment and mitigation methods. The aim of this study was to assess the post-fire impact on vegetation in a Mediterranean environment by employing high quality satellite and field data and by using advanced data processing techniques. The work entailed the development of a whole system integrating very high spatial and spectral resolution remotely sensed data. For short-term impact assessment, an object-oriented model was developed using very high spatial resolution Ikonos imagery to map the type of fire, namely, canopy fire and surface fire. The results showed that object-oriented classification could be used to accurately distinguish and map areas of surface and crown fire spread (overall accuracy of 87%), especially that occurring in open Mediterranean forests. Also, the performance of object-based classification in mapping three levels of fire severity by employing high spatial resolution Ikonos imagery was evaluated, and accuracy of the obtained results was estimated to be 83%. As for long-term impact assessment, the mapping of post-fire forest regeneration (pine) and vegetation recovery (shrub) was performed by following three different approaches. First, the developed object-based classification of QuickBird (very high spatial resolution) allowed post-fire vegetation recovery and survival mapping of canopy within two different fire severity levels (86% of classification accuracy). The main effect of fire has been to create a more homogeneous landscape. Second, statistical analysis of field hyperspectral data allowed a 97% reduction in data volume and recommended 14 best narrowbands to discriminate among pine trees (age and species) and 18 bands that best characterize the different shrub species. Then, hyperspectral Hyperion was employed for mapping post-fire forest regeneration and vegetation recovery. The overall classification accuracy was found to be 75.81% when mapping two different regenerated pine species and other species of vegetation recovery. Third, an object-oriented combined analysis of QuickBird and Hyperion was investigated for the same objective. An improvement in classification accuracy of 8.06% was recorded when combining both Hyperion and QuickBird imageries than by using only the Hyperion image. Overall, it was observed that advanced tools in remote sensing provided the necessary means for gathering information about the burned areas, the regenerated forests and the recovered vegetations in a successful and a timely/cost effective manner.
XX Ciclo
1977

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Shen, Bin. "Agile Methods (Scrum, XP) Applying into Small (Micro) Enterprise Brusiness Website Development : A case study of Dalsland Travel AB website development project." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Informationssystem, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-203176.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Ramos, Gabriel de Oliveira. "Regret minimisation and system-efficiency in route choice." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178665.

Full text

Abstract:

Aprendizagem por reforço multiagente (do inglês, MARL) é uma tarefa desafiadora em que agentes buscam, concorrentemente, uma política capaz de maximizar sua utilidade. Aprender neste tipo de cenário é difícil porque os agentes devem se adaptar uns aos outros, tornando o objetivo um alvo em movimento. Consequentemente, não existem garantias de convergência para problemas de MARL em geral. Esta tese explora um problema em particular, denominado escolha de rotas (onde motoristas egoístas deve escolher rotas que minimizem seus custos de viagem), em busca de garantias de convergência. Em particular, esta tese busca garantir a convergência de algoritmos de MARL para o equilíbrio dos usuários (onde nenhum motorista consegue melhorar seu desempenho mudando de rota) e para o ótimo do sistema (onde o tempo médio de viagem é mínimo). O principal objetivo desta tese é mostrar que, no contexto de escolha de rotas, é possível garantir a convergência de algoritmos de MARL sob certas condições. Primeiramente, introduzimos uma algoritmo de aprendizagem por reforço baseado em minimização de arrependimento, o qual provamos ser capaz de convergir para o equilíbrio dos usuários Nosso algoritmo estima o arrependimento associado com as ações dos agentes e usa tal informação como sinal de reforço dos agentes. Além do mais, estabelecemos um limite superior no arrependimento dos agentes. Em seguida, estendemos o referido algoritmo para lidar com informações não-locais, fornecidas por um serviço de navegação. Ao usar tais informações, os agentes são capazes de estimar melhor o arrependimento de suas ações, o que melhora seu desempenho. Finalmente, de modo a mitigar os efeitos do egoísmo dos agentes, propomos ainda um método genérico de pedágios baseados em custos marginais, onde os agentes são cobrados proporcionalmente ao custo imposto por eles aos demais. Neste sentido, apresentamos ainda um algoritmo de aprendizagem por reforço baseado em pedágios que, provamos, converge para o ótimo do sistema e é mais justo que outros existentes na literatura.
Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a challenging task, where self-interested agents concurrently learn a policy that maximise their utilities. Learning here is difficult because agents must adapt to each other, which makes their objective a moving target. As a side effect, no convergence guarantees exist for the general MARL setting. This thesis exploits a particular MARL problem, namely route choice (where selfish drivers aim at choosing routes that minimise their travel costs), to deliver convergence guarantees. We are particularly interested in guaranteeing convergence to two fundamental solution concepts: the user equilibrium (UE, when no agent benefits from unilaterally changing its route) and the system optimum (SO, when average travel time is minimum). The main goal of this thesis is to show that, in the context of route choice, MARL can be guaranteed to converge to the UE as well as to the SO upon certain conditions. Firstly, we introduce a regret-minimising Q-learning algorithm, which we prove that converges to the UE. Our algorithm works by estimating the regret associated with agents’ actions and using such information as reinforcement signal for updating the corresponding Q-values. We also establish a bound on the agents’ regret. We then extend this algorithm to deal with non-local information provided by a navigation service. Using such information, agents can improve their regrets estimates, thus performing empirically better. Finally, in order to mitigate the effects of selfishness, we also present a generalised marginal-cost tolling scheme in which drivers are charged proportional to the cost imposed on others. We then devise a toll-based Q-learning algorithm, which we prove that converges to the SO and that is fairer than existing tolling schemes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Cazor, Laurent. "How to make the most of open data? A travel demand and supply model for regional bicycle paths." Thesis, KTH, Transport och systemanalys, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-296219.

Full text

Abstract:

Detta examensarbete syftar till att svara på ett av Trafikverket fastställt problem: en gemensam regional cykelplanerings process skulle göra dem billigare och mer jämförbara. De erbjuder för närvarande planerarna en modell som utvecklades av Kågeson 2007. Denna modell har formen av en rapport som ger råd om när man ska bygga en cykelväg mellan städer eller platser i en region. Ändå används den bara i endast 6 av de 21 svenska länen. Trafikverket kräver ett nytt planeringsstödverktyg, mer interaktivt och komplett än Kågeson-modellen. Några nya önskade funktioner är separationen av efterfrågan per syfte, införandet av e-cyklar, olika resesyfte och en prioritering av investeringarna. Examensarbetet är att designa och implementera det här verktyget, även kallat Planning Support System (PSS), som syftar till att jämföra utbud och efterfrågan på cykelväg till prioritering av infrastrukturförbättringar. En huvudbegränsning för modellen är att den måste vara billig datavis, men så komplett och exakt som möjligt. Det baseras på flera öppna dataleverantörer, till exempel OpenStreetMap, den svenska nationella vägdatabasen (NVDB) eller reseundersökningar från Sverige och Nederländerna. Resultatet är en modell, uppdelad efter turändamål och typ av cykel. Del för efterfrågeuppskattning anpassar en klassisk fyrsteg transportmodell till cykelplanering och begränsad data. För olika resändamål genereras och distribueras resor tack vare en ursprungs begränsad gravitationsmodell. Valet av cykelläge är anpassat till det faktiska resebeteendet genom logistisk regression med en binär logit-modell. Resorna tilldelas sedan nätverket med tilldelnings metoden "allt-eller-ingenting" genom Dijkstras algoritm. För att utvärdera cykelförsörjningen använde vi ett mått som heter Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), som uppskattar den potentiella användningen av en nätverkslänk för olika delar av befolkningen som en funktion av vägnätvariablerna. Prioriteringsrankningen är då förhållandet mellan mått på efterfrågan och utbud. Detta nya verktyg implementeras med opensource Geographic Information System (GIS) som heter QGIS och med Python 3 och testas i Södermanlands län
This Master Thesis main objective is to answer a problem set by the Swedish Transport Administration: a common regional bicycle planning process would them cheaper and more comparable. They currently offer the planners a model developed by Kågeson in 2007. This model takes the form of a report which advises on when to build a bicycle path between cities or places of a region. Still, it is only used in only 6 of the 21 Swedish counties. Trafikverket requires a new planning support tool, more interactive and complete than the Kågeson model. Some new desired features are the separation of demand per purpose, the inclusion of e-bikes, different trip purposes, and a prioritization of the investments. The Degree Project work is to design and implement this tool, also called Planning Support System (PSS), which compares supply and demand for bicycle path to prioritizing infrastructure improvements. A main constraint for the model is that it needs to be cheap data-wise, but as complete and precise as possible. It bases on several open data providers, such as OpenStreetMap, the Swedish National Road Database (NVDB), or Travel Surveys from Sweden and the Netherlands. The result is a model, disaggregated by trip purpose and type of bicycle. The demand estimation part adapts a classic four-step transportation model to bicycle planning and limited data. For different trip purposes, trips are generated and distributed thanks to an origin-constrained gravity model. Bicycle mode choice is fit to actual travel behaviour through logistic regression with a binary logit model. The trips are then assigned to the network using the "all-or-nothing" assignment method through the Dijkstra algorithm. To evaluate bicycle supply, we used a metric called Level of Traffic Stress (LTS), which estimates the potential use of a network link by different parts of the population as a function of the road network variables. The prioritization ranking is then the ratio between demand and supply metrics. This new tool is implemented with the opensource Geographic Information System (GIS) called QGIS and with Python 3, and it is tested on Södermanland County.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Blom, Rikard. "Advanced metering infrastructure reference model with automated cyber security analysis." Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-204910.

Full text

Abstract:

European Union has set a target to install nearly 200 million smart metersspread over Europe before 2020, this leads into a vast increase of sensitiveinformation flow for Distribution System Operators (DSO’s), simultaneously thisleads to raised cyber security threats. The in and outgoing information of the DSOneeds to be processed and stored by different Information technology (IT)- andOperational Technology (OT)-systems depending on the information. High demandsare therefore required of the enterprise cyber security to be able to protect theenterprise IT- and OT-systems. Sensitive customer information and a variety ofservices and functionality is examples that could be fatal to a DSO if compromised.For instance, if someone with bad intentions has the possibility to tinker with yourelectricity, while you’re away on holiday. If they succeed with the attack and shuttingdown the house electricity, your food stored in your fridge and freezer would mostlikely to be rotted, additionally damage from defrost water leaking could cause severedamaging on walls and floors. In this thesis, a detailed reference model of theadvanced metering architecture (AMI) has been produced to support enterprisesinvolved in the process of implementing smart meter architecture and to adapt to newrequirements regarding cyber security. This has been conduct using foreseeti's toolsecuriCAD, foreseeti is a proactive cyber security company using architecturemanagement. SecuriCAD is a modeling tool that can conduct cyber security analysis,where the user can see how long time it would take for a professional penetrationtester to penetrate the systems in the model depending of the set up and defenseattributes of the architecture. By varying defense mechanisms of the systems, fourscenarios have been defined and used to formulate recommendations based oncalculations of the advanced meter architecture. Recommendation in brief: Use smalland distinct network zones with strict communication rules between them. Do diligentsecurity arrangements for the system administrator PC. The usage of IntrusionProtection System (IPS) in the right fashion can delay the attacker with a percentageof 46% or greater.
Europeiska Unionen har satt upp ett mål att installera nära 200miljoner smarta elmätare innan år 2020, spritt utöver Europa, implementeringen ledertill en rejäl ökning av känsliga dataflöden för El-distributörer och intresset av cyberattacker ökar. Både ingående och utgående information behöver processas och lagraspå olika IT- och OT-system beroende på informationen. Höga krav gällande ITsäkerhet ställs för att skydda till exempel känslig kundinformation samt en mängdvarierande tjänster och funktioner som är implementerade i systemen. Typer avattacker är till exempel om någon lyckats få kontroll over eltillgängligheten och skullestänga av elektriciteten till hushåll vilket skulle till exempel leda till allvarligafuktskador till följd av läckage från frysen. I den här uppsatsen så har en tillräckligtdetaljerad referens modell för smart elmätar arkitektur tagits fram för att möjliggörasäkerhetsanalyser och för att underlätta för företag i en potentiell implementation avsmart elmätare arkitektur. Ett verktyg som heter securiCAD som är utvecklat avforeseeti har använts för att modellera arkitekturen. securiCAD är ett modelleringsverktyg som använder sig av avancerade beräknings algoritmer för beräkna hur långtid det skulle ta för en professionell penetrationstestare att lyckats penetrera de olikasystem med olika sorters attacker beroende på försvarsmekanismer och hurarkitekturen är uppbyggd. Genom att variera systemens försvar och processer så harfyra scenarion definierats. Med hjälp av resultaten av de fyra scenarierna så harrekommendationer tagits fram. Rekommendationer i korthet: Använd små ochdistinkta nätverkszoner med tydliga regler som till exempel vilka system som fårkommunicera med varandra och vilket håll som kommunikationen är tillåten.Noggranna säkerhetsåtgärder hos systemadministratörens dator. Användningen avIPS: er, genom att placera och använda IPS: er på rätt sätt så kan man fördröjaattacker med mer än 46% enligt jämförelser mellan de olika scenarier.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Sweeney, Todd Franklin. "A comparison of the Joint Maritime Command Information System (JMCIS) capabilities with the U.S. Marine Corps (U.S.M.C.) Advanced Tactical Air Command Center (ATACC) data link requirements." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/43032.

Full text

Abstract:

Approved for public release, distribution unlimited
Modern computing advances allow the aerospace controls engineer the ability to design, test, and implement automatic control systems for air vehicles with breath taking speed and accuracy. This work examines the automation of the hardware-in-the-loop testing and implementation of autonomous controllers for Unmanned Air Vehicles. Extraordinary interest is generated in this subject considering automation results in hardware-in-the-loop testing within days of completing a controller design. The entire automation process is presented, from design of the controller to implementation on a particular control platform to hardware-in-the-loop testing of the controller. This accomplishes control design and implementation in a matter of months compared to a few years or more before automation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Ettefagh, Mahsa. "Effects of Real-time Passenger Information Systems on Perceptions of Transit Services: Investigations of The Ohio State University Community." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366318693.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Sweeney, Todd Franklin. "A comparison of the Joint Maritime Command Information System (JMCIS) capabilities with the United States Marine Corps (USMC) Advanced Tactical Air Command Center (ATACC) data link requirements /." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA286025.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1994.
Thesis advisor(s): Carl R. Jones, W.G. Kemple. "September 1994." Includes bibliographical references. Also available online.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Meyer, Eric William. "Performing Location Allocation Measures with a GIS for Fire Stations in Toledo, Ohio." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1321306102.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Isaksson, Olle. "Model-based Diagnosis of a Satellite Electrical Power System with RODON." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Vehicular Systems, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-16763.

Full text

Abstract:

As space exploration vehicles travel deeper into space, their distance to earth increases.The increased communication delays and ground personnel costs motivatea migration of the vehicle health management into space. A way to achieve thisis to use a diagnosis system. A diagnosis system uses sensor readings to automaticallydetect faults and possibly locate the cause of it. The diagnosis system usedin this thesis is a model-based reasoning tool called RODON developed by UptimeSolutions AB. RODON uses information of both nominal and faulty behavior ofthe target system mathematically formulated in a model.The advanced diagnostics and prognostics testbed (ADAPT) developed at theNASA Ames Research Center provides a stepping stone between pure researchand deployment of diagnosis and prognosis systems in aerospace systems. Thehardware of the testbed is an electrical power system (EPS) that represents theEPS of a space exploration vehicle. ADAPT consists of a controlled and monitoredenvironment where faults can be injected into a system in a controlled manner andthe performance of the diagnosis system carefully monitored. The main goal of thethesis project was to build a model of the ADAPT EPS that was used to diagnosethe testbed and to generate decision trees (or trouble-shooting trees).The results from the diagnostic analysis were good and all injected faults thataffected the actual function of the EPS were detected. All sensor faults weredetected except faults in temperature sensors. A less detailed model would haveisolated the correct faulty component(s) in the experiments. However, the goal wasto create a detailed model that can detect more than the faults currently injectedinto ADAPT. The created model is stationary but a dynamic model would havebeen able to detect faults in temperature sensors.Based on the presented results, RODON is very well suited for stationary analysisof large systems with a mixture of continuous and discrete signals. It is possibleto get very good results using RODON but in turn it requires an equally goodmodel. A full analysis of the dynamic capabilities of RODON was never conductedin the thesis which is why no conclusions can be drawn for that case.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Asghar, Jawaria. "Jointly Ego Motion and Road Geometry Estimation for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-179491.

Full text

Abstract:

For several years, there has been a remarkable increase in efforts to develop an autonomous car. Autonomous car systems combine various techniques of recognizing the environment with the help of the sensors and could drastically bring down the number of accidents on road by removing human conduct errors related to driver inattention and poor driving choices. In this research thesis, an algorithm for jointly ego-vehicle motion and road geometry estimation for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) is developed. The measurements are obtained from the inertial sensors, wheel speed sensors, steering wheel angle sensors, and camera. An Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) is used for estimating the states of the non-linear system because UKF estimates the state in a simplified way without using complex computations. The proposed algorithm has been tested on a winding and straight road. The robustness and functioning of our algorithm have been demonstrated by conducting experiments involving the addition of noise to the measurements, reducing the process noise covariance matrix, and increasing the measurement noise covariance matrix and through these tests, we gained more trust in the working of our tracker. For evaluation, each estimated parameter has been compared with the reference signal which shows that the estimated signal matches the reference signal very well in both scenarios. We also compared our joint algorithm with individual ego-vehicle and road geometry algorithms. The results clearly show that better estimates are obtained from our algorithm when estimated jointly instead of estimating separately.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ahmed, Mohamed. "Multi-Level Safety Performance Functions for High Speed Facilities." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5091.

Full text

Abstract:

High speed facilities are considered the backbone of any successful transportation system; Interstates, freeways, and expressways carry the majority of daily trips on the transportation network. Although these types of roads are relatively considered the safest among other types of roads, they still experience many crashes, many of which are severe, which not only affect human lives but also can have tremendous economical and social impacts. These facts signify the necessity of enhancing the safety of these high speed facilities to ensure better and efficient operation. Safety problems could be assessed through several approaches that can help in mitigating the crash risk on long and short term basis. Therefore, the main focus of the research in this dissertation is to provide a framework of risk assessment to promote safety and enhance mobility on freeways and expressways. Multi-level Safety Performance Functions (SPFs) were developed at the aggregate level using historical crash data and the corresponding exposure and risk factors to identify and rank sites with promise (hot-spots). Additionally, SPFs were developed at the disaggregate level utilizing real-time weather data collected from meteorological stations located at the freeway section as well as traffic flow parameters collected from different detection systems such as Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) and Remote Traffic Microwave Sensors (RTMS). These disaggregate SPFs can identify real-time risks due to turbulent traffic conditions and their interactions with other risk factors. In this study, two main datasets were obtained from two different regions. Those datasets comprise historical crash data, roadway geometrical characteristics, aggregate weather and traffic parameters as well as real-time weather and traffic data. At the aggregate level, Bayesian hierarchical models with spatial and random effects were compared to Poisson models to examine the safety effects of roadway geometrics on crash occurrence along freeway sections that feature mountainous terrain and adverse weather. At the disaggregate level; a main framework of a proactive safety management system using traffic data collected from AVI and RTMS, real-time weather and geometrical characteristics was provided. Different statistical techniques were implemented. These techniques ranged from classical frequentist classification approaches to explain the relationship between an event (crash) occurring at a given time and a set of risk factors in real time to other more advanced models. Bayesian statistics with updating approach to update beliefs about the behavior of the parameter with prior knowledge in order to achieve more reliable estimation was implemented. Also a relatively recent and promising Machine Learning technique (Stochastic Gradient Boosting) was utilized to calibrate several models utilizing different datasets collected from mixed detection systems as well as real-time meteorological stations. The results from this study suggest that both levels of analyses are important, the aggregate level helps in providing good understanding of different safety problems, and developing policies and countermeasures to reduce the number of crashes in total. At the disaggregate level, real-time safety functions help toward more proactive traffic management system that will not only enhance the performance of the high speed facilities and the whole traffic network but also provide safer mobility for people and goods. In general, the proposed multi-level analyses are useful in providing roadway authorities with detailed information on where countermeasures must be implemented and when resources should be devoted. The study also proves that traffic data collected from different detection systems could be a useful asset that should be utilized appropriately not only to alleviate traffic congestion but also to mitigate increased safety risks. The overall proposed framework can maximize the benefit of the existing archived data for freeway authorities as well as for road users.
ID: 031988164; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Struwig, Claudia Bernadine. "A stepwise approach towards achieving a multimodal platform within the context of the CoCT’s land transport networks." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80001.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The importance of transport should not be underestimated. Transport progresses a person’s quality of life: it connects people to one another and provides access to work, services and recreational opportunities. However, post-apartheid South Africa is unfortunately still faced with a legacy of segregation. While the less-privileged, who mostly live at the fringe of Central Business Districts (CBDs), are captive users of public transport, the private vehicle trend, under the privileged, is becoming more evident. This research project thus proposes that a balanced and integrated sustainable transport system be promoted. That is, one that will aid South Africa in growing and improving its general socio-economical status by providing all its citizens with (equal) access to a balanced transport network. It is believed that, if a multimodal system is promoted, the deficiencies of the current heterogeneous non-integrated systems may be overcome. Therefore, if South Africa’s transport network is augmented with a multimodal platform, the nation will be able to move its citizens effectively and efficiently, without jeopardising the economy, social matters and the environment, today and in the future. Moreover, South Africa will also have the necessary stimulus to utilise the already available resources at its disposal by working together as ‘one’. This research project thus stipulates a (generic) sequential approach needed in achieving an integrated (sustainable) public transport system. The goal of this research project is to create awareness of the benefits that may arise from, and the implementation steps required in obtaining, such a multimodal platform. The focus area for researching the proposition made herein is the City of Cape Town’s (CoCT’s) land transport networks. The City has a management facility, with resultant transport data repository, known as the Transport Management Centre (TMC). This TMC is regarded as one of the finest state of the art facilities in the world and the features thereof offer a sufficient base and point of departure for the promotion of a multimodal transport system. By conducting research in this field, the following portraying aspects, needed for the realisation of the proposition made herein, were found. Firstly, in order to obtain an integrated sustainable transport system, the appropriate Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) need to be integrated. It is believed that, if an intelligent transport scheme, grounded on ITS applications, is advocated, the City will be in the position to more effectively monitor what is going on, to more accurately predict what might happen in the future, and to manage its transport system proactively on an area-wide basis. Secondly, in order to meet the integration requirements imposed by multimodal transport, a centralised database needs to be created. With such a database in place, information sharing across all modes of private- and public land transport, and thus also between the investors or the operators, will be possible. An example of such a database was developed in Microsoft Access and the modes considered therein are: MyCiti, Metrorail and Golden Arrow Bus Service (GABS). The data stored in this database is historic, but the incorporation of real time information was also catered for. Thirdly, it is believed that the success of the City’s transport system, and the development of a multimodal system, is dependent on the provision of an efficient Advanced Traveller Information System (ATIS). The idea is to promote multimodal transport as a convenient transit option by providing travellers with information on journey planning that aims to counteract their reluctance to change. In order to develop such a multimodal Journey Planner (JP), the unimodal networks considered herein were combined into a supernetwork on which Dijkstra’s Shortest Path Algorithm was applied. This algorithm was programmed in Microsoft Excel’s Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) and it incorporates the following user criteria: the origin, the destination, the user’s mode preference, and the user’s optimisation preference of either time or distance. In conclusion, it can be argued that, with information becoming such a vital commodity in everyday life, the catering for informed travellers are the key to successful future transport services. If travellers are informed about the transport networks’ performance, a positive attitude is fostered. Moreover, by providing travellers with information on journey planning, their feelings of uncertainty and fear of the unknown, that are present in (especially) public transport services, may be neutralised. This information will give the public carte blanche to make decisions that give them the perception of having more ‘control over their lives’. Therefore, if a multimodal JP that can be accessed from one portal is created, people’s inclination to acquire more information will be met. And as a result, traversing in an integrated manner may become the norm.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die belangrikheid van vervoer mag nie onderskat word nie. Vervoer speel ’n belangrike rol in die bevordering van ’n persoon se lewenskwaliteit: dit verbind mense met mekaar en verskaf toegang tot die werksplek, diensteverskaffers, en vryetydsbesteding. Post-apartheid Suid-Afrika is egter nog steeds vasgevang in ’n nalatenskap van rasseskeiding. Die minderbevoorregtes, wat meestal aan die buitewyke van die stad woon, is geforseerde gebruikers van openbare vervoer, terwyl die neiging (onder die bevoorregtes) om privaatvoertuie te gebruik, aan die toeneem is. Hierdie navorsingsprojek beveel dus aan dat ’n gebalanseerde, geïntegreerde en volhoubare vervoerstelsel bevorder moet word. ’n Sodanige stelsel sal help om die sosio-ekonomiese status van Suid-Afrika te bevorder. Dít kan net bereik word as alle landsburgers gelyke toegang tot ’n gebalanseeerde vervoernetwerk het. As ’n multimode-stelsel dus bevorder word, kan die tekortkominge van die huidige heterogene, nie-geïntegreerde stelsels oorkom word. Indien Suid-Afrika se vervoernetwerk ’n multimodale platform het, kan die landsburgers effektief en doeltreffend vervoer word sonder om die ekonomie, sosiale aangeleenthede of omgewing, tans en in die toekoms, in gedrang in te bring. Suid-Afrika sal boonop, met so ’n platform in plek, ook die nodige stimulus hê om die bestaande hulpbronne optimaal te gebruik. Hierdie navorsingsprojek verskaf ’n (generiese) in-volgorde-benadering om ’n volhoubare, geïntegreerde openbare vervoerstelsel daar te stel. Die doel is om bewustheid van die voordele wat uit ’n multimodale platform spruit, sowel as die nodige stappe vir die uitvoering daarvan, te kweek. Die fokusarea van die navorsing is die Stad van Kaapstad se land-vervoernetwerke. Die Stad het ’n beheerfasiliteit waar vervoerdata versamel word. Dit staan bekend as die vervoer-beheersentrum (TMC: Transport Management Centre). Hierdie fasiliteit word as toonaangewend in die wêreld beskou. Die kenmerkende eienskappe van hierdie fasiliteit bied verder ook ’n goeie vertrekpunt vir die bevordering van ’n multimodale stelsel. Die navorsing in hierdie veld het die volgende bydraende faktore, wat benodig word om die voorstelling te realiseer, geïdentifiseer. In die eerste plek moet die intelligente vervoerstelsels (ITS: Intelligent Transport Systems) geïntegreer word om ’n geïntegreerde volhoubare vervoerstelsel daar te stel. Indien ’n intelligente vervoerskema, gebaseer op tegnologiese inisiatiewe, aangemoedig word, sal die Stad van Kaapstad in die posisie wees om sy vervoerstelsel pro-aktief te bestuur deur meer effektief te monitor wat aangaan en meer akkuraat te voorspel wat in die toekoms mag gebeur. Tweedens moet daar ’n gesentraliseerde databasis geskep word. Met hierdie databasis sal die nodige integrasievereistes vir ’n multimodale vervoerstelsel, bereik word. Inligting kan dan gedeel word tussen privaat- en openbare landvervoer, asook tussen die beleggers en die operateurs van die verskillende vervoermodusse. ’n Voorbeeld van so ’n databasis is in Microsoft Access geskep en die modusse wat deel daarvan uitmaak, is: MyCiti, Metrorail en Golden Arrow Bus Services (GABS). Die data wat hierin vervat is, is histories, maar daar is vir intydse inligting voorsiening gemaak. In die derde plek is die sukses van die Stad van Kaapstad se vervoerstelsel en die ontwikkeling van ’n multimodale stelsel afhanklik van die daarstelling van ’n effektiewe, gevorderde inligtingsstelsel vir pendelaars (ATIS: Advanced Traveller Information Systems). Die idee is om ’n multimodale vervoerstelsel as ’n gerieflike opsie onder pendelaars te bevorder. Dit kan bereik word deur inligting rakende reisbeplanning aan pendelaars daar te stel. Met die verkryging van sodanige kennis sal die pendelaar se weerstand teen verandering ook afneem. Om so ’n multimodale reisbeplanner (JP: Journey Planner) te ontwikkel, is die eenmodaal-netwerke gekombineer om ’n supernetwerk te skep. Dijkstra se algoritme is op die supernetwerk toegepas. Die algoritme is in Microsoft Excel se VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) geprogrammeer en dit bevat die volgende gebruikerskriteria, nl. die begin- en eindpunt, die gebruiker se modes-voorkeur en die gebruiker se gekose optimeringsvoorkeur van tyd of afstand. Ten slotte kan gesê word dat inligting ’n groot rol in die mens se daaglikse lewe en aktiwiteite speel. Daar kan dus geredeneer word dat die sleutel tot suksesvolle vervoerdienste daarin lê om vir ingeligte pendelaars voorsiening te maak. As pendelaars ingelig is oor die stand van die vervoernetwerk maak dit hul houding meer positief. Verder, as pendelaars ook inligting oor reisbeplanning het, kan dit hul gevoel van onsekerheid en vrees jeens (veral) openbare vervoer teenwerk. Met al hierdie inligting tot sy beskikking kan ’n persoon dus sy eie keuses maak en dit lei daartoe dat die persoon meer in beheer voel. As ’n multimodale JP geskep word, voed dit die mens se begeerte vir meer inligting. En met ’n sodanige JP in plek, kan geïntegreerde pendel moontlik die norm word.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Dabiri, Sina. "Application of Deep Learning in Intelligent Transportation Systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87409.

Full text

Abstract:

The rapid growth of population and the permanent increase in the number of vehicles engender several issues in transportation systems, which in turn call for an intelligent and cost-effective approach to resolve the problems in an efficient manner. A cost-effective approach for improving and optimizing transportation-related problems is to unlock hidden knowledge in ever-increasing spatiotemporal and crowdsourced information collected from various sources such as mobile phone sensors (e.g., GPS sensors) and social media networks (e.g., Twitter). Data mining and machine learning techniques are the major tools for analyzing the collected data and extracting useful knowledge on traffic conditions and mobility behaviors. Deep learning is an advanced branch of machine learning that has enjoyed a lot of success in computer vision and natural language processing fields in recent years. However, deep learning techniques have been applied to only a small number of transportation applications such as traffic flow and speed prediction. Accordingly, my main objective in this dissertation is to develop state-of-the-art deep learning architectures for resolving the transport-related applications that have not been treated by deep learning architectures in much detail, including (1) travel mode detection, (2) vehicle classification, and (3) traffic information system. To this end, an efficient representation for spatiotemporal and crowdsourced data (e.g., GPS trajectories) is also required to be designed in such a way that not only be adaptable with deep learning architectures but also contains efficient information for solving the task-at-hand. Furthermore, since the good performance of a deep learning algorithm is primarily contingent on access to a large volume of training samples, efficient data collection and labeling strategies are developed for different data types and applications. Finally, the performance of the proposed representations and models are evaluated by comparing to several state-of-the-art techniques in literature. The experimental results clearly and consistently demonstrate the superiority of the proposed deep-learning based framework for each application.
PHD

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Njobelo, Gwamaka Lameck. "A Microscopic Simulation Study of Applications of Signal Phasing and Timing Information in a Connected Vehicle Environment." UNF Digital Commons, 2018. https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/786.

Full text

Abstract:

The connected vehicle technology presents an innovative way of sharing information between vehicles and the transportation infrastructure through wireless communications. The technology can potentially solve safety, mobility, and environmental challenges that face the transportation sector. Signal phasing and timing information is one category of information that can be broadcasted through connected vehicle technology. This thesis presents an in-depth study of possible ways signal phasing and timing information can be beneficial as far as safety and mobility are concerned. In total, three studies describing this research are outlined. The first study presented herein focuses on data collection and calibration efforts of the simulation model that was used for the next two studies. The study demonstrated a genetic algorithm procedure for calibrating VISSIM discharge headways based on queue discharge headways measured in the field. Video data was used to first compute intersection discharge headways for individual vehicle queue position and then to develop statistical distributions of discharge headways for each vehicle position. Except for the 4th vehicle position, which was best fitted by the generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution, the Log-logistic distribution was observed to be the best fit distribution for the rest of vehicle positions. Starting with the default values, the VISSIM parameters responsible for determining discharge headways were heuristically adjusted to produce optimal values. The optimal solutions were achieved by minimizing the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the simulated and observed data. Through calibration, for each vehicle position, it was possible to obtain the simulated headways that reflect the means of the observed field headways. However, calibration was unable to replicate the dispersion of the headways observed in the field mainly due to VISSIM limitations. Based on the findings of this study, future work on calibration in VISSIM that would account for the dispersion of mixed traffic flow characteristics is warranted. The second study addresses the potential of connected vehicles in improving safety at the vicinity of signalized intersections. Although traffic signals are installed to reduce the overall number of collisions at intersections, rear-end collisions are increased due to signalization. One dominant factor associated with rear-end crashes is the indecisiveness of the driver, especially in the dilemma zone. An advisory system to help the driver make the stop-or-pass decision would greatly improve intersection safety. This study proposed and evaluated an Advanced Stop Assist System (ASAS) at signalized intersections by using Infrastructure-to-Vehicle (I2V) and Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication. The proposed system utilizes communication data, received from Roadside Unit (RSU), to provide drivers in approaching vehicles with vehicle-specific advisory speed messages to prevent vehicle hard-braking upon a yellow and red signal indication. A simulation test bed was modeled using VISSIM to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed system. The results demonstrate that at full market penetration (100% saturation of vehicles equipped with on-board communication equipment), the proposed system reduces the number of hard-braking vehicles by nearly 50%. Sensitivity analyses of market penetration rates also show a degradation in safety conditions at penetration rates lower than 40%. The results suggest that at least 60% penetration rate is required for the proposed system to minimize rear-end collisions and improve safety at the signalized intersections. The last study addresses the fact that achieving smooth urban traffic flow requires reduction of excessive stop-and-go driving on urban arterials. Smooth traffic flow comes with several benefits including reduction of fuel consumption and emissions. Recently, more research efforts have been directed towards reduction of vehicle emissions. One such effort is the use of Green Light Optimal Speed Advisory (GLOSA) systems which use wireless communications to provide individual drivers with information on the approaching traffic signal phase and advisory speeds to arrive at the intersection on a green phase. Previously developed GLOSA algorithms do not address the impact of time to discharge queues formed at the intersection. Thus, this study investigated the influence of formed intersection queues on the performance of GLOSA systems. A simulation test-bed was modeled inside VISSIM to evaluate the algorithm’s effectiveness. Three simulation scenarios were designed; the baseline with no GLOSA in place, scenario 2 with GLOSA activated and queue discharge time not considered, and scenario 3 with GLOSA activated and where queue dissipation time was used to compute advisory speeds. At confidence level the results show a significant reduction in the time spent in queue when GLOSA is activated (scenarios 2 and 3). The change in the average number of stops along the corridor was found not to be significant when the base scenario was compared against scenario 2. However, a comparison between scenarios 2 and 3 demonstrates a significant reduction in the average number of stops along the corridor, and also in the time spent waiting in queues

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Deus, Leonardo Rodrigues de. "A influência da forma urbana no comportamento de viagem das pessoas: estudo de caso em Uberlândia, MG." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4264.

Full text

Abstract:

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2125.pdf: 7879891 bytes, checksum: e80ceb14a2ac63501f1ee48b24e98926 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-26
Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The city s transportation system has been a big problem in urban planning, due to constant increasing of vehicles fleet, absence of road network monitoring, air pollution, and conflicts between pedestrian and car. Therefore the development of alternatives that encourage the sustainable travel modes realization, as non-motorized modes and public transportation becomes necessary, reducing, consequently, the number of trips by car. In order to assist urban planning process on the sustainable transportation modes preference and to contribute to better urban spaces for citizens, the objective of this study is to analyze the existent relations between urban form of six traffic zones in Uberlândia city, Minas Gerais State and its urban transportation system, defining how physical features of a certain region influences people traveling behavior. Urban form variables defined as important to this study and analyzed on traffic zones level were: urban density; diversity of land use; quality of favorable places to nonmotorized transportation; availability of public transportation; routes design and connectivity; city topography. To determine the urban form influence on travel behavior different discreet choice models, multinomial logit type, were calibrated. First of all, the models were calibrated using only travelers socio-economic variables and then variables that characterize urban form were included. Results indicated that urban form variables don't have significant influence on the modal choice process in trips in the city, not being, therefore, determinant to define that transport mode must be used. Socio-economic variables, in special, the income and the trip distance were the most determinative factors for the transport mode choice.
O sistema de transporte das cidades tem se apresentado como uma grande fonte de problemas frente ao processo de planejamento urbano, devido ao crescente aumento da frota de veículos, o não acompanhamento da malha viária, a poluição do ar, e os conflitos entre pedestres e automóveis. Diante disso, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de alternativas que incentivem a realização de viagens por modos sustentáveis, como os modos não motorizados e o transporte coletivo, diminuindo de forma conseqüente o número de viagens realizadas por automóvel. No intuito de auxiliar no processo de planejamento urbano a fim de privilegiar os modos de transporte sustentáveis e contribuir para o provimento de espaços urbanos melhores aos cidadãos, este estudo tem o objetivo de analisar as relações existentes entre a forma urbana de seis zonas de tráfego da cidade de Uberlândia/MG, e o seu sistema de transporte urbano, buscando definir como as características físicas de uma determinada região influenciam no comportamento de viagem das pessoas. As variáveis da forma urbana definidas como importantes para este estudo e analisadas em nível de zonas de tráfego foram: densidade urbana; diversidade de usos do solo; qualidade dos espaços que favoreçam o transporte não motorizado; disponibilidade de transporte coletivo; desenho e conectividade das vias; e topografia da cidade. Para determinar o grau de influência da forma urbana sobre o comportamento de viagem foram calibrados diversos modelos de escolha discreta do tipo logit multinomial. Primeiro foram calibrados modelos utilizando apenas as variáveis sócio-econômicas dos viajantes e depois se passou a incluir as variáveis que caracterizam a forma urbana. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que as variáveis da forma urbana não têm influência significativa no processo de escolha modal nas viagens realizadas dentro na cidade, não sendo determinantes para definição do modo de transporte a ser usado. As variáveis sócio-econômicas, em especial a renda, e o comprimento das viagens se mostraram como os fatores mais determinantes para a escolha do modo de transporte.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Söderberg, Anna, and Johan Wieslander. "Evaluating the Effects of using a Fuzzy Controller in Timetable Generation for Commuter Rail Services." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-259204.

Full text

Abstract:

Scheduling trains is a hard problem where current solutions typically create timetables that create undesirable amounts of delay for the trains that use them. This study considers the fact that conventional timetables, which only use fixed intervals to schedule trains, might not be optimal for minimising the delay and travel time of passengers. In this study, we compare this ”simple” timetable with timetables generated via a fuzzy controller which has access to information about the flow of passengers throughout the day. The hypothesis is that this fuzzy controller therefore becomes more ”intelligent”. We evaluate the performance using a custom-built simulator that measures the average delay and travel time of the passengers. We conclude that the fuzzy controller can generate timetables that quickly adapt to passenger demands and show favourable resource usage over the simple timetable. However, more research is needed on the input variables and their usage within the fuzzy controller to further optimise the performance.
Schemaläggning av tåg är ett svårt problem och nuvarande lösningar skapar ofta tidtabeller med oönskade mängder förseningar. Den här rapporten behandlar faktumet att enkla tidtabeller, som enbart använder fasta intervaller för tågens avgång, kanske inte är optimala för att minimera antalet förseningar samt resenärers restid. Den här studien jämför enkla tidtabeller, med fasta intervall, med tidtabeller som skapats av en fuzzy controller som har tillgång till information om passagerarflödet. Hypotesen är att fuzzy controllern på så sätt blir mer intelligent. Rapporten utvärderar hur bra tidtabellerna presterar med hjälp av en simulator som mäter genomsnittlig försening och restid för passagerarna i simulationen. Slutsatsen som dras är att en fuzzy controller kan generera tidtabeller som kan anpassa sig till passagerarflödet samt att denna uppvisar gynnsam resursanvändning i jämförelse med den enkla tidtabellen. Dock framhävs behovet av ytterligare forskning på indatavariabler och dess användning inom fuzzy controllern för att vidare kunna optimera dess prestanda.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Šubr, Vladimír. "Zavedení IS pro internetovou cestovní agenturu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192417.

Full text

Abstract:

The topic of this master thesis are information systems in turism. The author focuses mostly on reservations systems as an essential information systems for travel agencies. This thesis examines such systems in the context of the Internet and the model of software as a service. The Internet has become a necessary for operating these systems and it has influenced the field as a whole. The thesis has three main chapters. The first chapter is a theoretical one, where the author investigates the mechanics of information systems in turism. He attempts to formalize information systems in general and he seeks their role in organizations. Additionally, he explains how these systems work and what functionallity can be expected from them. In the second chapter, which moves between theory and practice, the author analyzes the current market situation of these systems. Next, he defines requirements on a system tailored for one specific bussiness plan. Using these requirements multi-criteria decision analysis is performed, selecting the system which best matches the chosen criteria. The last chapter is a practical one and it is concern with deploying selected system from the previous chapter and all aspects of this process. The goal of this thesis is to realize information system part of the Internet-based travel agency project and at the same time search for theoretical conclusions about these systems. The conclusions are then compiled into methodological manual for ASW application in the Internet-based travel agencies segment.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Cunha, Joana Nicolini. "Metodologia de geração dinâmica de padrões de viagens rodoviárias para monitoramentos inteligentes de veículos de carga em sistemas AVL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05102009-163000/.

Full text

Abstract:

A presente dissertação traz a questão da aderência de viagens de veículos em monitoramentos inteligentes com sistemas Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) que operam em rotas rodoviárias. Uma viagem é considerada como uma série de \"passadas\", que correspondem ao tempo em que o veículo está em movimento, mas excluindo os tempos gastos em paradas para atividades como carregamento/descarregamento entre outras. A partir de dados históricos coletados via Global Positioning System (GPS) pelo sistema AVL, uma metodologia de filtragem e aplicações estatísticas para geração das passadas é apresentada. Além disso, são propostos métodos para geração de padrões de viagem de referência, baseados em tempos de viagem e velocidades, desvios padrões, locais de descontinuidades entre outros parâmetros. A geração desses padrões em conjunto com procedimentos operacionais permite o monitoramento eficiente do progresso de viagens de frotas de veículos, para finalidades logísticas e de segurança. O progresso de um veículo ao longo de uma rota é analisado diante dos padrões de viagem de referência obtidos a partir de suas viagens prévias, de veículos similares na mesma rota ou de viagens em rotas de mesma classe, dependendo do que for mais adequado. A geração de padrões é um processo dinâmico que gera conhecimento sobre o veículo e comportamento da rodovia ao longo do tempo. Desenho do processo de monitoramento do progresso de viagem é apresentado, no qual, a cada nova coleta de dado GPS ou a cada instante solicitado pelo usuário, a aderência é medida, eventuais descontinuidades (saídas da rota, paradas ou mudança de sentido) são identificadas e avisos são gerados. Tal aderência é definida por índice de desempenho que considera os desvios de tempo em relação a valores de referência e respectivas tolerâncias. Para experimentação da metodologia, foi realizada simulação de viagem na rodovia BR116 na ligação São Paulo - Rio de Janeiro, sobre base com cerca de 130.000 registros de dados GPS associados. Com integração em Geographic Information System (GIS) para suporte de funcionalidades, foram gerados os padrões de viagem e simulado o processo de monitoramento com sucesso.
This dissertation addresses the question of vehicle travel adherence in intelligent monitoring with Automatic Transportation Location (AVL) operating in a regional environment. A trip is considered as series of runs, corresponding to time in movement but excluding time spent on activities such as loading/unloading and others. Based on historic data collected from AVL/GPS a statistical data filtering method to generate the runs is presented. Furthermore, statistical methods are proposed to generate travel patterns based on travel time, speed, standard deviation and other parameters. The pattern generation together with operational procedures allows effective monitoring of large fleets in logistics and safety. The progress of a vehicle along a route is evaluated face to the statistical patterns of its previous successful trips or against statistical patterns of similar vehicles on the same route, whichever appropriate. The generation of patterns is a dynamic continuous process that generates knowledge on vehicle and road behavior along time. A broad outline of the travel monitoring process is presented. Whenever the requested by user, the process calculates the travel adherence, identifies abnormalities and generates alarms. That adherence is defined by a performance index, which considers the travel time deviations from the reference values and the respective tolerances. Successful experimentation was carried out on the Rio de Janeiro - São Paulo motorway, with 130.000 Global Positioning System (GPS) positional data relayed from trucks to a Geographic Information System (GIS) based monitoring system in Brazil.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Roshanghias, Daniel. "Evaluation and Implementation of a Longitudinal Control in a Platoon of Radio Controlled Vehicles." Thesis, KTH, Reglerteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-212564.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the past decades, congestion and emission problems has increased remarkablywhich escalates the demands on vehicles. The advancements withinthe eld of information and communication systems gives the opportunity todeal with the aforementioned problems. The concept of platooning shows tobe an attractive way of reducing both congestion and emissions by having ashort inter-vehicle spacing. The ndings in studies show that fuel reductionpotentials of 5-20 % are viable as a result of the lowered air drag by drivingin platoon. This thesis investigates the state of the art within the areaof intelligent transport systems (ITS) along with advanced driver assistancesystems (ADAS). Furthermore, the prosecuted work results in a proposedcontrol design for a longitudinal control in a platoon of vehicles. The platoonconsists of two homogeneous radio controlled vehicles (RCV) which aremodelled by taking advantage of system identication methods. The identi-ed plant models are implemented into a Simulink model where the controlsystem is developed. Moreover, the developed control system is implementedinto a real-time demonstrator for experimental evaluation. The results showsthat the modelled dynamics corresponds reasonably well with the real dynamicsof the system. The developed control system proves to work well andagree with the expectations of its performance obtained from simulations.The performance of the proposed controller has been evaluated by means ofsimulations and real experiments. The resulting control system consists ofPID controllers for both speed and spacing control.
Under de senaste decennierna har mangden trakstockningar och problemmed utslapp okat - darmed aven kraven pa vara fordon. Samtidigt skaparframstegen inom informations- och kommunikationssystem mojligheter foratt hantera ovannamnda problem. Kolonnkorning, eller platooning har visatsig vara en eektiv metod for att minska saval trakstockningar som utslappsom en foljd av kortare avstand mellan fordon. Resultat fran studier visarhur en branslereduktion runt 5-20 % ar mojlig till foljd av det sankta luftmotstandet vid kolonnkorning. Avhandlingen undersoker teknikens standpunktinom intelligenta transportsystem (ITS) tillsammans med avancerade drivhjalpsystem(ADAS). Vidare resulterar arbetet i ett forslag till regleringsdesignfor en longitudinell kontroll i en kolonn av fordon. Kolonnen bestar av tvahomogena radiostyrda fordon (RCV) som modelleras genom att utnyttjametoder for systemidentiering. De identierade systemmodellerna implementerasi en Simulink-modell dar styrsystemet utvecklas. Dessutom implementerasdet utvecklade styrsystemet i en realtids-demonstration for experimentellutvardering. Resultaten visar att den modellerade dynamikenstammer bra overens med systemets verkliga dynamik. Det utvecklade styrsystemetvisar sig fungera bra och overensstammer med forvantningarna pa dessprestanda som erhallits genom simuleringar. Den foreslagna regulatorns prestandahar utvarderats med hjalp av simuleringar och verkliga experiment.Det resulterande styrsystemet bestar av PID regulatorer for bade hastighetsochavstandskontroll.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Hromádková, Pavla. "Multiplatformní přístup k databázovým aplikacím." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-235915.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis deals with possibilities of accessing database systems from different devices. It contains analysis, concept and description of the following information system implementation with draft model Model-View-Controller. Concept of the system is made in UML language. The PHP programming language and MySQL relational database server were used during the progression of the system. User interface was implemented by HTML and WML technologies. Final look of the application was achieved by using CSS web technology. Technical report describes multilayer architecture and its advantages in the creation of the information system. It deals with MVC draft model, which is useful in the cases, where´s the need of the separation of the application look, its communication with database and application logic. The work oncemore describes analysis, concept and implementation of multiplatform application for the Drak travel agency. Systém could be currently accessed by handy or web browser. The application is easily extensible for the use in another platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Berrios-Ayala, Mark. "Brave New World Reloaded: Advocating for Basic Constitutional Search Protections to Apply to Cell Phones from Eavesdropping and Tracking by Government and Corporate Entities." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1547.

Full text

Abstract:

Imagine a world where someone’s personal information is constantly compromised, where federal government entities AKA Big Brother always knows what anyone is Googling, who an individual is texting, and their emoticons on Twitter. Government entities have been doing this for years; they never cared if they were breaking the law or their moral compass of human dignity. Every day the Federal government blatantly siphons data with programs from the original ECHELON to the new series like PRISM and Xkeyscore so they can keep their tabs on issues that are none of their business; namely, the personal lives of millions. Our allies are taking note; some are learning our bad habits, from Government Communications Headquarters’ (GCHQ) mass shadowing sharing plan to America’s Russian inspiration, SORM. Some countries are following the United States’ poster child pose of a Brave New World like order of global events. Others like Germany are showing their resolve in their disdain for the rise of tyranny. Soon, these new found surveillance troubles will test the resolve of the American Constitution and its nation’s strong love and tradition of liberty. Courts are currently at work to resolve how current concepts of liberty and privacy apply to the current conditions facing the privacy of society. It remains to be determined how liberty will be affected as well; liberty for the United States of America, for the European Union, the Russian Federation and for the people of the World in regards to the extent of privacy in today’s blurred privacy expectations.
B.S.
Bachelors
Health and Public Affairs
Legal Studies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

森川, 高行, 省吾河上, and 慎也倉内. "高度交通情報提供による交通行動変化の定量的分析と交通計画へのインプリケーション." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13111.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Weng, Li-Wen, and 翁立文. "The Information System Analysis of Travel Agency on Internet." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17699189931197055803.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Liu, You-Ren, and 劉祐任. "School Bus Travel Time Information Query System of Cloud Computing." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13266938677932276468.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程學系
101
In this study, the method of predicting traveling time is a combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and Grey System Theory ; which is divided into two parts. First, the time sequence of speed is decomposed into several Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF). Second, it is Grey System Theory that predicts Traveling time. This study’s query system is mainly by network which also combines the smartphone so that road users can obtain traffic information to enhance the convenience and diversity.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Chen, Hsin-Cheng, and 陳信成. "Screen Flow Analysis of In-Vehicle Advanced Information System." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76143499929238635317.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
100
One of the major Human-Machine Interfaces for drivers and vehicles is In-Vehicle Advanced Information System. In order to make the interaction between drivers and vehicles more harmonious and safe, learnability, legibility, and reliability become very important. During the design stage, sketches of interface concepts are used for discussions and revisions. However, this process usually does not have a clear principle to follow. Individual conception even overrides usability. To order to make the user-centered design much clearer, the sketches of interface concepts can be transformed into a screen flow diagram, which can be used for further analysis and discussion. Then the interface can be quickly accepted. By means of screen flow diagram that is spread out on the platform for interface analysis and operation analysis, it is possible to take into consideration the details of the user interface prototype and the overview of the interface flow diagram. If we categorize the interface icons, it will allow us to predict the meaning of the icons and the overall effectiveness. Icon display emphasizes its resolution; icon control is more focused on its contrast. Moreover, the issues, such as whether text images are easy to read, whether oval images are out of our intuition, whether text and oval images can match well, can initially distinguish the virtue and vice of an interface design. According to the reverse operation analysis of screen flow diagram, there is a way to keep track of the overall steps. For instance, we can know what the tasks that can be repeated are, in which hierarchical levels are the function items of the whole information system, and so on. Not only can we evaluate the operating logic, but we can also see the changes during the time for adjustment. This research is based on the 2nd Telematics LUXGEN THINK+ In-Vehicle Integration Information Platform, which has been a product available in the market. The screen flow used to analyze the data in the research. In addition to getting some evaluation and suggestions, the main purpose is to offer an appropriate tool for the research and development of the next-generation information system platform.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

葉木水. "The Construction of a travel information retrieval system on Semantic Web." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65521517872527542517.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
大葉大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
92
The issue of effectively using information and services become more important among Internet technologies. The concept of “Semantic Web” was thus proposed to make Internet documents re-usable and explicit based on “Ontology”. This research focuses on two folds: the ways of defining and constructing a Taiwan travel ontology, and then an efficient mechanism of information retrieval on Semantic Web. Since there is no tourist ontology available on Internet now, relevant information for trip were collected to define and build domain and information ontologies. In order of an efficient indexing the constructed information ontologies were further translated into relational databases from original DAML format. Besides, “top-down” management of Internet services was adopted; In other words, each ontology and related services need to be recorded in the registration center in advance. Under the environment, a novel information retrieval system using tag hierarchy within ontology was proposed and compared with traditional search mechanism. Four experiments illustrated that the results of proposed system was more accurate and less redundant. Therefore, the now services based on Semantic Web could be expected to match users’ demands more efficiently by offering the designed ontologies and proposed information retrieval mechanism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lin, Han-Tsuen, and 林漢村. "A Framework of Travel Destination Recommendation System Considering Traveller’s Contextual Information." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47760030325479078427.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
銘傳大學
資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
99
In modern society, leisure travel has become a necessity of life. Accordingto the statistical data from the Tourism Bureau of Taiwan, more and more people search on the internet to obtain tourism information such as tourist attractions and specific route planning before a trip. Studies on travel planning recommendation focus on travel planning information and selection of travel routes, while several major Taiwanese travel websites offer travel packages mainly and provide information on tourist attractions. These travel information is insufficient for the “last-minute”, unplanned short-haul travelers. The recommendation system also lacks possible consideration for individual needs. Therefore, it would be desirable to employ context awareness along with filtering technique to establish a model of travel destination recommendation system which should reflects travelers’ contextual information to best fit the needs of travelers. The traditional recommendation system which is tourist-attraction model information can not satisfy the needs. Moreover, the organizational operation model requires preference factors and other strong factors to calculate weight value. Therefore, this research was to reestablish users’ model and tourist-attraction model, and also to adopt and categorize some possible contextual factors. This dissertation discussed the use of the information obtained by mobile positioning, the impact of contextual factors on travel decisions, as well as weight value of contextual factors of users. In ranking the suitability, it is intended to recommend the most appropriate attractions that best meet the preferences of users.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Advanced Travel Information System'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles