Journal articles on the topic 'Advanced Air Mobility'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Advanced Air Mobility.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Advanced Air Mobility.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Namuduri, Kamesh, Uwe-Carsten Fiebig, K. V. S. Hari, David W. Matolak, Ismail Guvenc, and Helka-Liina Maattanen. "Advanced Air Mobility [From the Guest Editors]." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 16, no. 3 (September 2021): 87–164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2021.3091797.
Full text
2
Goyal, Rohit, and Adam Cohen. "Advanced Air Mobility: Opportunities and Challenges Deploying eVTOLs for Air Ambulance Service." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 24, 2022): 1183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031183.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a broad concept enabling consumers access to on-demand air mobility, cargo and package delivery, healthcare applications, and emergency services through an integrated and connected multimodal transportation network. While a number of technical and social concerns have been raised about AAM, early use cases for emergency response and aeromedical transport may be key to demonstrating the concept and building public acceptance. Using a five-step multi-method approach consisting of preliminary scoping, modeling performance metrics, developing baseline assumptions, analyzing scenarios, and applying a Monte Carlo sensitivity analysis, this study examines the potential operational and market viability of the air ambulance market using a variety of aircraft and propulsion types. The analysis concludes that electric vertical take-off and land (eVTOL) aircraft could confront a number of operational and economic challenges for aeromedical applications compared to hybrid vertical take-off and land (VTOL) aircraft and rotorcraft. The study finds that technological improvements such as reduced charge times, increased operational range, and battery swapping could make the eVTOL aircraft more reliable and cost-effective for aeromedical transport.
3
Rizzi, Stephen A., and Donald S. Scata, Jr. "Urban air mobility community noise test planning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015626.
Full textAbstract:
The term “advanced air mobility” has been adopted by NASA to describe safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible aviation for transformational local and intraregional missions. By this definition, advanced air mobility includes both “rural” and “urban” applications including cargo and passenger transport missions, and other aerial missions (e.g., infrastructure inspection). There will be a range of aircraft types performing such missions, including small and medium unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), electric conventional takeoff and landing (eCTOL) aircraft, and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Urban air mobility (UAM) is a challenging use case for transporting cargo and passengers in an urban environment and is a new opportunity for aviation that could revolutionize the transportation system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Noise Division of the Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy have initiated discussions for planning UAM community noise test(s) at the end of this decade. This presentation discusses the test goals, candidate test objectives, and some of the activities needed in preparation for the test(s). It also draws distinctions between the type of study envisioned (observational versus staged) and between it and recent and planned studies on large fixed-wing transports and commercial supersonic transports.
4
Yoo, Jaeho, Yunseon Choe, and Soo-i. Rim. "Risk Perceptions Using Urban and Advanced Air Mobility (UAM/AAM) by Applying a Mixed Method Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416338.
Full textAbstract:
From a mobility rationale, advanced air mobility (AAM) and/or urban air mobility (UAM) claims a reduction in travel time with integration into intermodal transportation networks and a reduction in ground traffic congestion due to the current modal shift to air, ultimately contributing to more sustainable transportation. Starting in 2025, South Korea is planning to operate air taxis between International Airport and Seoul downtown. This study applied a mixed-method approach to identify barriers to the use of air taxis by investigating consumers’ risk perception of air taxis. A focus group interview yielded a scale with 18 items across five dimensions. Next, through exploratory factor analysis, the 18 items were reduced to 10 items across two dimensions: safety risk (6 items) and cyber risk (4 items). The findings of this study will offer practical guidelines for creating marketing tools and designing strategic management planning for air taxis. The risk perception using air taxis will assist with creating a more strategic and efficient business model that destination management organizations, developers, and policymakers can utilize.
5
Johnson, W., and C. Silva. "NASA concept vehicles and the engineering of advanced air mobility aircraft." Aeronautical Journal 126, no. 1295 (October 13, 2021): 59–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.92.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractNASA is conducting investigations in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft and operations. AAM missions are characterised by ranges below 300 nm, including rural and urban operations, passenger carrying as well as cargo delivery. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a subset of AAM and is the segment that is projected to have the most economic benefit and be the most difficult to develop. The NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology project is developing UAM VTOL aircraft designs that can be used to focus and guide research activities in support of aircraft development for emerging aviation markets. These NASA concept vehicles encompass relevant UAM features and technologies, including propulsion architectures, highly efficient yet quiet rotors, and aircraft aerodynamic performance and interactions. The configurations adopted are generic, intentionally different in appearance and design detail from prominent industry arrangements. Already these UAM concept aircraft have been used in numerous engineering investigations, including work on meeting safety requirements, achieving good handling qualities, and reducing noise below helicopter certification levels. Focusing on the concept vehicles, observations are made regarding the engineering of Advanced Air Mobility aircraft.
6
Sato, Tetsuya, Michael S. Politowicz, Samia Islam, Eric T. Chancey, and Yusuke Yamani. "Attentional Considerations in Advanced Air Mobility Operations: Control, Manage, or Assist?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661184.
Full textAbstract:
The implementation of automation will enable Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), which could alter the human's responsibilities from those of an active controller to a passive monitor of vehicles. Mature AAM operations will likely rely on both experienced and novice operators to supervise multiple aircraft. As AAM constitutes a complex and increasingly autonomous system, the human operator's set of responsibilities will transition from those of a controller, to a manager, and eventually to an assistant to highly automated systems. The development of AAM will require system designers to characterize these three sets of human responsibilities. The present work proposes different human responsibilities across various roles (i.e., pilot in command, system operator, system assistant) in the context of AAM along with pertinent attention-related constructs that could contribute to each of the three identified roles of AAM operators including situation awareness, workload, complacency, and vigilance.
7
Kolo, Jerry, Sandra Schrouder, and Ragad Almashhour. "Implications of Advanced Air Mobility for Public Health and the Public Interest." Journal of Transport & Health 25 (June 2022): 101436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2022.101436.
Full text
8
Goyal, Rohit, Colleen Reiche, Chris Fernando, and Adam Cohen. "Advanced Air Mobility: Demand Analysis and Market Potential of the Airport Shuttle and Air Taxi Markets." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 2, 2021): 7421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137421.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced air mobility (AAM) is a broad concept enabling consumers access to on-demand air mobility, cargo and package delivery, healthcare applications, and emergency services through an integrated and connected multimodal transportation network. However, a number of challenges could impact AAM’s growth potential, such as autonomous flight, the availability of take-off and landing infrastructure (i.e., vertiports), integration into airspace and other modes of transportation, and competition with shared automated vehicles. This article discusses the results of a demand analysis examining the market potential of two potential AAM passenger markets—airport shuttles and air taxis. The airport shuttle market envisions AAM passenger service to, from, or between airports along fixed routes. The air taxi market envisions a more mature and scaled service that provides on-demand point-to-point passenger services throughout urban areas. Using a multi-method approach comprised of AAM travel demand modeling, Monte Carlo simulations, and constraint analysis, this study estimates that the air taxi and airport shuttle markets could capture a 0.5% mode share. The analysis concludes that AAM could replace non-discretionary trips greater than 45 min; however, demand for discretionary trips would be limited by consumer willingness to pay. This study concludes that AAM passenger services could have a daily demand of 82,000 passengers served by approximately 4000 four- to five-seat aircraft in the U.S., under the most conservative scenario, representing an annual market valuation of the 2.5 billion USD.
9
Dulia, Esrat F., Mir S. Sabuj, and Syed A. M. Shihab. "Benefits of Advanced Air Mobility for Society and Environment: A Case Study of Ohio." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010207.
Full textAbstract:
Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) is an emerging transportation system that will enable the safe and efficient low altitude operations and applications of unmanned aircraft (e.g., passenger transportation and cargo delivery) in the national airspace. This system is currently under active research and development by NASA in collaboration with FAA, other federal partner agencies, industry, and academia to develop its infrastructure, information architecture, software functions, concepts of operation, operations management tools and other functional components. Existing studies have, however, not thoroughly analyzed the net positive impact of AAM on society and environment to justify investments in its infrastructure and implementation. In this work, we fill this gap by evaluating the non-monetary social impact of AAM in the state of Ohio for passengers, patients, farmers, logistics companies and their customers and bridge inspection entities, as well as its environmental impact, by conducting a thorough data-driven quantitative cost–benefit analysis of AAM from the perspective of the state government. To this end, the most relevant and significant benefit and cost factors are identified, monetized, and estimated. Existing ground transportation for the movement of passengers and goods within and across urban areas is considered as the base case. The findings demonstrate that AAM’s benefits are large and varied, far outweighing its costs. Insights on these benefits can help gain community acceptance of AAM, which is critical for successful implementation of AAM. The findings support decision-making for policymakers and provide justification for investments in AAM infrastructure by the government and private sector.
10
Tutmez, Bulent. "Minimum covariance determinant-based bootstrapping for appraising air passenger arrival data." Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness 12, no. 2 (2022): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jemc2202176t.
Full textAbstract:
Air travel management is a case-special process since it includes different types of uncertainties such as ungovernable passenger mobility, variable costs as well as extraordinary restrictions like the Covid-19 pandemic. Therefore, the use of robust and reproducible statistical evaluations under uncertainty is required. The cornerstone of this study is the adaptation of bootstrapping and the robust Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD)-based parameter estimation under a heterogeneous process. In addition, the study includes a novel bootstrapping regression implementation. The methodological developments have been tested by Serbia's air transport data. The results showed that combining robust estimator and bootstrapping provides some advantages for determining outliers and also making advanced diagnostics. Thus, a state-of-the-art approach based on accuracy, reproducibility, and transparency has been introduced and its usability in the air travel mobility process has been exhibited.
11
Venneri, Samuel L., and Ahmed K. Noor. "Plenty of Room in the Air." Mechanical Engineering 124, no. 11 (November 1, 2002): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2002-nov-1.
Full textAbstract:
This article highlights a research on a spectrum of revolutionary concepts and technologies, for civilian and military air vehicles and the airspace system that will enable a bold new era of aviation and mobility. The long-range vision includes major changes in personal transportation and significant increases in air travel capacity and safety. The vision is included in the NASA Aeronautics Blueprint, published earlier this year. It includes advanced concepts for the airspace system as a complex, highly integrated system of systems. It also outlines a new model for aviation safety and security, revolutionary aerospace vehicles with significantly greater performance, and assured development of a competent aerospace workforce. NASA and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency are investigating the feasibility of creating personal air vehicles that could replace or, at the very least, augment personal ground and air transportation schemes. The integration of intelligence and multifunctionality into the varied airframe and propulsion components of aerospace vehicles requires the development of revolutionary materials, structures, and subsystems. They can be achieved through the fusion of nanotechnology, biotechnology, and information technology into a new discipline—nanobiologics—that is the foundation for biologically inspired materials and structures.
12
Pertz, Jan, Malte Niklaß, Majed Swaid, Volker Gollnick, Sven Kopera, Kolin Schunck, and Stephan Baur. "Estimating the Economic Viability of Advanced Air Mobility Use Cases: Towards the Slope of Enlightenment." Drones 7, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7020075.
Full textAbstract:
While different vehicle configurations enter the AAM market, airlines declare different ticket fares for their operations. This research investigates the operating cost of an airline and the economic viability with the announced fare per km rates. For this purpose, three use cases in the metropolitan area of Hamburg showcase representative applications of an AAM system, whereby a flight trajectory model calculates a flight time in each case. The direct operating cost are investigated for each use case individually and are sub-classified in five categories: fee, crew, maintenance, fuel and capital costs. Here, each use case has its own cost characteristics, in which different cost elements dominate. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis shows the effect of a variation of the flight cycles and load factor, that influences the costs as well as the airline business itself. Based on the occurring cost, a profit margin per available seat kilometer lead to a necessary fare per km, that an airline has to charge.
13
Barrera, Thomas P., James R. Bond, Marty Bradley, Rob Gitzendanner, Eric C. Darcy, Michael Armstrong, and Chao-Yang Wang. "Next-Generation Aviation Li-Ion Battery Technologies—Enabling Electrified Aircraft." Electrochemical Society Interface 31, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.f10223if.
Full textAbstract:
Recent advances in electrode materials, manufacturing processes, and safety features are enabling Li-ion battery (LIB) designs to better support energy storage needs for the emerging all-electric aviation market. Increases in cell specific energy, improved fast charge and discharge rate capability, and extended cycle-life are required for the next-generation aviation platforms that consist of more-electric, hybrid, and all-electric aircraft designed to reduce generated flight noise and carbon emissions. The success of these emerging Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) markets is highly dependent upon implementing a safe and reliable energy storage system compliant with aircraft system requirements. This work discusses state-of-the-art (SOA) and emerging LIB technology readiness to meet the derived marketplace performance and imposed regulatory requirements for all-electric aircraft. A special focus on advanced LIB safety design guidelines intended to meet the intent of the FAA DO-311A minimum operational performance standard for rechargeable lithium batteries and battery systems installed on aircraft is emphasized.
14
Vempati, Lakshmi, Sabrina Woods, and Scott R. Winter. "Pilots’ willingness to operate in urban air mobility integrated airspace: a moderated mediation analysis." Drone Systems and Applications 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2021-0009.
Full textAbstract:
Interest in advanced air mobility (AAM) and urban air mobility (UAM) operations for on-demand passenger and cargo transport continues to grow. There is ongoing research on market demand and forecast, community acceptance, privacy, and security. There is also ongoing research by National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Federal Aviation Administration, academia, and industry on airspace integration, regulatory, process, and procedural challenges. Safe integration of UAM and AAM will also require different stakeholder perspectives such as air traffic controllers, manned aircraft pilots, remote pilots, UAM operators, and the community. This research aimed to assess the willingness of manned aircraft pilots to operate in UAM integrated airspace based on airspace complexity and UAM automation level. In addition, a moderated mediation analysis was conducted using trust and perceived risk as mediators and operator type as a moderating variable. The results indicated that automation level influenced pilots’ willingness to operate an aircraft in integrated airspace. A moderating effect of operation type on automation level and willingness to pilot an aircraft was also observed: professional pilots were more amenable to UAM operations with a pilot on board compared with remotely piloted operations. Results from the study are expected to inform airspace integration challenges, processes, and procedures for UAM integrated operations.
15
Muna, Sabrina Islam, Srijita Mukherjee, Kamesh Namuduri, Marc Compere, Mustafa Ilhan Akbas, Péter Molnár, and Ravichandran Subramanian. "Air Corridors: Concept, Design, Simulation, and Rules of Engagement." Sensors 21, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7536. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227536.
Full textAbstract:
Air corridors are an integral part of the advanced air mobility infrastructure. They are the virtual highways in the sky for the transportation of people and cargo in a controlled airspace at an altitude of around 1000 ft. to 2000 ft. above ground level. These corridors will be utilized by (unmanned) air taxis, which will be deployed in rural and metropolitan regions to carry passengers and freight, as well as air ambulances, which will be deployed to offer first responder services such as 911 emergencies. This paper presents fundamental insights into the design of air corridors with high operational efficiency as well as zero collisions. It begins with the definitions of air cube, skylane or track, intersection, vertiport, gate, and air corridor. Then a multi-layered air corridor model is proposed. Traffic at intersections is analyzed in detail with examples of vehicles turning in different directions. The concept of capacity of an air corridor is introduced along with the nature of distribution of locations of vehicles in the air corridor and collision probability inside the corridor are discussed. Finally, results of traffic flow simulations are presented.
16
Page, Juliet, Stephen A. Rizzi, and Rui Cheng. "Comparison of two community noise models applied to a NASA urban air mobility concept vehicle." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1650.
Full textAbstract:
Predictions of community noise exposure from the NASA urban air mobility (UAM) concept vehicles have been conducted for representative operations using the FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) in order to demonstrate modeling tool interoperability and assess applicability, capabilities and limitations of integrated noise modeling tools. To both quantify limitations and highlight other capabilities, a comparative analysis is performed using a time simulation method, in particular, using the Volpe Advanced Acoustic Model (AAM). Starting with the same source noise model, the 3D directivity of a UAM concept vehicle is predicted in terms of aeroacoustic pressure time histories at a sphere of observers near the vehicle. In addition to distilling those data to a set of noise-power-distance data for input to AEDT, the data are processed preserving directivity, into narrowband, one-twelfth and one-third octave bands for input to AAM. Results from AEDT and AAM modeling are provided for a variety of metrics to demonstrate the effect that source noise and propagation modeling fidelity have on predicted results at receptors over a study area.
17
Politowicz, Michael S., Tetsuya Sato, Eric T. Chancey, and Yusuke Yamani. "Pathfinder Networks for Measuring Operator Mental Model Structure with a Simple Autopilot System." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661510.
Full textAbstract:
Pathfinder networks are a method to represent mental models from empirically generated pairwise relatedness ratings. This study examined the effects of training exposure on mental model structures based on relatedness ratings collected using the Target Rating method. Forty-eight participants read instruction slides with or without explicit information on the functionality of an autopilot system (Advanced Mental Model or Basic Mental Model groups, respectively). Participants provided relatedness ratings and completed a comprehension test. The Advanced Mental Model group had more common links with the expected model, higher within-group network similarity scores, and higher mental model assessment questionnaire scores than the Basic Mental Model group. Both groups had coherence scores above the minimum threshold for internal consistency. Pathfinder network analysis was sensitive to changes produced by a simple exposure training intervention. In practice, a simple training program may effectively influence operator mental models in novel technological environments such as Advanced Air Mobility.
18
Porter, Eric. "“A Black Future in the Air Industry?”." California History 97, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2020.97.2.88.
Full textAbstract:
This essay charts a history of black liberation and complicity in the struggle for economic advancement at San Francisco International Airport (SFO) from the late 1950s into the 1980s. Joining scholars who have explored commercial aviation as a site of black mobility and immobility as well as those who have theorized Black Power's intersections with municipal policymaking, labor organizing, business and community development projects, and affirmative action programs, I examine the spheres of airport employment and entrepreneurialism to show how struggles to overcome social and spatial confinement in the Bay Area were often shaped by the entanglements of heterogeneous actors and systems. Indeed, such efforts at SFO responded to and were made possible by shifting interfaces of public and private capital investment; government action and inaction; the work of local and national networks of business elites, labor organizers, and activists; the efforts of individual black people to make their lives better; and a concomitant symbolic economy regarding the black presence in the Bay Area. As this story concludes in the 1980s, it demonstrates that despite some successes, such struggles had advanced in the Bay Area only so far as offering a precarious and patchy inclusion: a kind of holding pattern characterized by piecemeal professional integration and the more widespread consignment of black men and women to low-wage, low-skilled work, intermittent employment, and unemployment.
19
Bridgelall, Raj. "Perspectives on Securing the Transportation System." Vehicles 4, no. 4 (November 25, 2022): 1332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vehicles4040070.
Full textAbstract:
The vast, open, and interconnected characteristics of the transportation system make it a prime target for terrorists and hackers. However, there are no standard measures of transport system vulnerability to physical or cyberattacks. The separation of governance over different modes of transport increases the difficulty of coordination in developing and enforcing a common security index. This paper contributes a perspective and roadmap toward developing multimodal security indices that can leverage a variety of existing and emerging connected vehicle, sensing, and computing technologies. The proposed technologies include positive train control (PTC), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), weight-in-motion (WIM), advanced air mobility (AAM), remote sensing, and machine learning with cloud intelligence.
20
Al-Robaiy, Samiya, Bettina Weber, Andreas Simm, Claudius Diez, Paulina Rolewska, Rolf-Edgar Silber, and Babett Bartling. "The receptor for advanced glycation end-products supports lung tissue biomechanics." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 305, no. 7 (October 1, 2013): L491—L500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00090.2013.
Full textAbstract:
The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) and its soluble forms are predominantly expressed in lung but its physiological importance in this organ is not yet fully understood. Since RAGE acts as a cell adhesion molecule, we postulated its physiological importance in the respiratory mechanics. Respiratory function in a buffer-perfused isolated lung system and biochemical parameters of the lung were studied in young, adult, and old RAGE knockout (RAGE-KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice. Lungs from RAGE-KO mice showed a significant increase in the dynamic lung compliance and a decrease in the maximal expiratory air flow independent of age-related changes. We also determined lower mRNA and protein levels of elastin in lung tissue of RAGE-KO mice. RAGE deficiency did not influence the collagen protein level, lung capillary permeability, and inflammatory parameters (TNF-α, high-mobility group box protein 1) in lung. Overexpressing RAGE as well as soluble RAGE in lung fibroblasts or cocultured lung epithelial cells increased the mRNA expression of elastin. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies indicated a trans interaction of RAGE in lung epithelial cells. Our findings suggest the physiological importance of RAGE and its soluble forms in supporting the respiratory mechanics in which RAGE trans interactions and the influence on elastin expression might play an important role.
21
Jansen, Ralph H., Cheryl L. Bowman, Sean Clarke, David Avanesian, Paula J. Dempsey, and Rodger W. Dyson. "NASA electrified aircraft propulsion efforts." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 5 (December 6, 2019): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2019-0098.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose This paper aims to review national aeronautics and space administration (NASA’s) broad investments in electrified aircraft propulsion (EAP). NASA investments are guided by an assessment of potential market impacts, technical key performance parameters, and technology readiness attained through a combination of studies, enabling fundamental research and flight research. Design/methodology/approach The impact of EAP varies by market and NASA is considering three markets as follows: national/international, on-demand mobility and short-haul regional air transport. Technical advances in key areas have been made that indicate EAP is a viable technology. Flight research is underway to demonstrate integrated solutions and inform standards and certification processes. Findings A key finding is that sufficient technical advances in key areas have been made, which indicate EAP is a viable technology for aircraft. Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology, so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft. Practical implications Significant progress has been made to reduce EAP adoption barriers and further work is needed to transition the technology to a commercial product and improve the technology, so it is applicable to large transonic aircraft. Originality/value This paper will review the activities of the hybrid gas-electric subproject of the Advanced Air Transport Technology Project, the Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology Project and the X-57 Flight Demonstration Project, and discuss the potential EAP benefits for commercial and military applications. This paper focuses on the vehicle-related activities, however, there are related NASA activities in air space management and vehicle autonomy activities, as well as a breakthrough technology project called the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions Project. The target audience is people interested in EAP.
22
Shayea, Ibraheem, Pabiola Dushi, Mohammed Banafaa, Rozeha A. Rashid, Sawsan Ali, Mohd Adib Sarijari, Yousef Ibrahim Daradkeh, and Hafizal Mohamad. "Handover Management for Drones in Future Mobile Networks—A Survey." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 6424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176424.
Full textAbstract:
Drones have attracted extensive attention for their environmental, civil, and military applications. Because of their low cost and flexibility in deployment, drones with communication capabilities are expected to play key important roles in Fifth Generation (5G), Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, and beyond. 6G and 5G are intended to be a full-coverage network capable of providing ubiquitous connections for space, air, ground, and underwater applications. Drones can provide airborne communication in a variety of cases, including as Aerial Base Stations (ABSs) for ground users, relays to link isolated nodes, and mobile users in wireless networks. However, variables such as the drone’s free-space propagation behavior at high altitudes and its exposure to antenna sidelobes can contribute to radio environment alterations. These differences may render existing mobility models and techniques as inefficient for connected drone applications. Therefore, drone connections may experience significant issues due to limited power, packet loss, high network congestion, and/or high movement speeds. More issues, such as frequent handovers, may emerge due to erroneous transmissions from limited coverage areas in drone networks. Therefore, the deployments of drones in future mobile networks, including 5G and 6G networks, will face a critical technical issue related to mobility and handover processes due to the main differences in drones’ characterizations. Therefore, drone networks require more efficient mobility and handover techniques to continuously maintain stable and reliable connection. More advanced mobility techniques and system reconfiguration are essential, in addition to an alternative framework to handle data transmission. This paper reviews numerous studies on handover management for connected drones in mobile communication networks. The work contributes to providing a more focused review of drone networks, mobility management for drones, and related works in the literature. The main challenges facing the implementation of connected drones are highlighted, especially those related to mobility management, in more detail. The analysis and discussion of this study indicates that, by adopting intelligent handover schemes that utilizing machine learning, deep learning, and automatic robust processes, the handover problems and related issues can be reduced significantly as compared to traditional techniques.
23
Mohamed, Abdulghani, Matthew Marino, Simon Watkins, Justin Jaworski, and Anya Jones. "Gusts Encountered by Flying Vehicles in Proximity to Buildings." Drones 7, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7010022.
Full textAbstract:
There is a growing desire to operate Uncrewed Air Vehicles (UAVs) in urban environments for parcel delivery, and passenger-carrying air taxis for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM). The turbulent flows and gusts around buildings and other urban infrastructure can affect the steadiness and stability of such air vehicles by generating a highly transient relative flow field. Our aim is to review existing gust models, then consider gust encounters in the vicinity of buildings as experienced by flight trajectories over the roof of a nominally cuboid building in a suburban atmospheric boundary layer. Simplified models of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft are used to illustrate the changes in lift and thrust experienced by flight around the building. The analysis showed that fixed-wing aircraft experienced a substantial increase in angle of attack over a relatively short period of time (<1 s) as they fly through the shear layer at a representative forward velocity, which can be well above typical stall angles. Due to the slow flight speeds required for landing and take-off, significant control authority of rotor systems is required to ensure safe operation due to the high disturbance effects caused by localized gusts from buildings and protruding structures. Currently there appears to be negligible certification or regulation for AAM systems to ensure safe operations when traversing building flow fields under windy conditions and it is hoped that the insights provided in this paper will assist with future certification and regulation.
24
Abdelkader, Ghadeer, Khalid Elgazzar, and Alaa Khamis. "Connected Vehicles: Technology Review, State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities." Sensors 21, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 7712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21227712.
Full textAbstract:
In an effort to reach accident-free milestones or drastically reduce/eliminate road fatalities rates and traffic congestion and to create disruptive, transformational mobility systems and services, different parties (e.g., automakers, universities, governments, and road traffic regulators) have collaborated to research, develop, and test connected vehicle (CV) technologies. CVs create new data-rich environments and are considered key enablers for many applications and services that will make our roads safer, less congested, and more eco-friendly. A deeper understanding of the CV technologies will pave the way to avoid setbacks and will help in developing more innovative applications and breakthroughs. In the CV paradigm, vehicles become smarter by communicating with nearby vehicles, connected infrastructure, and the surroundings. This connectivity will be substantial to support different features and systems, such as adaptive routing, real-time navigation, and slow and near real-time infrastructure. Further examples include environmental sensing, advanced driver-assistance systems, automated driving systems, mobility on demand, and mobility as a service. This article provides a comprehensive review on CV technologies including fundamental challenges, state-of-the-art enabling technologies, innovative applications, and potential opportunities that can benefit automakers, customers, and businesses. The current standardization efforts of the forefront enabling technologies, such as Wi-Fi 6 and 5G-cellular technologies are also reviewed. Different challenges in terms of cooperative computation, privacy/security, and over-the-air updates are discussed. Safety and non-safety applications are described and possible future opportunities that CV technology brings to our life are also highlighted.
25
Błaszczyszyn, Monika, Agnieszka Szczęsna, Magdalena Pawlyta, Maciej Marszałek, and Dariusz Karczmit. "Kinematic Analysis of Mae-Geri Kicks in Beginner and Advanced Kyokushin Karate Athletes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 17 (August 29, 2019): 3155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173155.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Each of the techniques used in sport is a complex technique requiring a combination of neuromuscular conduction, motor anticipation, and extremely developed proprioception. This is especially the case in martial arts when we deal with a kick or a blow to a specific target. Methods: The main purpose of this study was to determine the kinematic differences in the tested movement pattern among athletes with different levels of advancement in the conditions of kicking: in the air, at a target (a shield), and in direct contact with a competitor. Comparative analysis was performed among 26 players: 13 advanced (group G1) and 13 beginners (group G2). Kinematic data was recorded using an optical motion capture system. The examination consisted of performing three tests of mae-geri kick in sequences of three kicks in three different conditions (without a target, with a static target, and with an opponent). The examination was performed with the back leg and only the moment of kick was analyzed. Results: The most significant differences were observed in the movement of head, torso, hip, knee, and ankle segments, especially during a kick at a shield. Based on the conducted analysis, we can assume that karate training changes the strategy of neuromuscular control, promoting improvement of mobility pattern efficiency. Conclusion: Acquiring this type of knowledge can lead to better results, elimination of errors in training, especially in the initial period of training, and the prevention of possible injuries that occur during exercise or competition.
26
Donateo, Teresa, and Antonio Ficarella. "A Modeling Approach for the Effect of Battery Aging on the Performance of a Hybrid Electric Rotorcraft for Urban Air-Mobility." Aerospace 7, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7050056.
Full textAbstract:
The interest in electric and hybrid electric power systems for aircraft and rotorcraft has been increasing significantly in recent years. However, advanced simulation tools still need to be developed to exploit the potentiality and address the complexity of these systems. The goal of this investigation is to propose a modeling approach for the degradation of the battery performance during its aging, and to use such model to quantify the fuel economy and operability of a hybrid electric helicopter both in normal AirTaxi operation and in the case of engine failure. The proposed method is based on experimental data for lithium batteries retrieved in the literature. The battery model is included in a comprehensive simulation tool where the turboshaft engine and the electric machine are simulated with a simple but thorough approach that takes into account the part-load behavior of both energy converters. The present investigation also proposes and compares different strategies for the use of the battery during the AirTaxi mission showing that it is possible to reduce fuel consumption up to 11% when the battery is at the beginning of its life. When the battery comes close to its end of life, it is necessary to use an energy management strategy which ensures a sustainment of its state of charge at the expenses of a lower fuel saving.
27
Berdnikov, A. A., R. V. Strel'tsov, V. A. Dyunov, and I. V. Zol'nikov. "Mobility of aggregates of promising missile systems based on road trains with an active trailed link." Izvestia MGTU MAMI 1, no. 3 (2020): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/2074-0530-2020-45-3-23-28.
Full textAbstract:
The aggregates of advanced missile systems (AAMS) include autonomous launchers of a mobile ground missile complex, transport-and-installation, refueling, maintenance and auxiliary technical means of technological equipment, which must have operational, tactical and strategic mobility. Operationaland tactical mobility is understood as the ability of the AAMS to move from one point to another in a certain time. Strategic mobility is characterized by the adaptability of the AAMS to its loading and transporting by other types of transport, including rail, air, water. The average speed of movement is taken as a measure of mobility, which should be developed by AAMS in order to ensure the timeliness, efficiency and safety of performing the assigned tasks, as well as the possibil-ity of getting out of the influence of the damaging factors of a nuclear explosion, primarily from excess pressure in the front of the shock blast wave. It is possible to increase the mobility of the AAMS by locating it on the basis of road trains, however, the existing designs of aggregates of road trains have disadvantages that reduce the flotation and, as a result, the average speed of movement, these include low support and geometric flotation. The geometric flotation is influenced by design factors. For example, an increase in overall width is typical for a road train, as the trailing link under the influence of lateral reactions of the supporting surface relative to the tractor track is shifted towards the instantaneous turning center. This displacement causes an increase in resistance to movement on deformable soils, and, consequently, a deterioration in flotation and a decrease in a number of other operational properties of the road train. It is possible to increase the mobility of the AAMS by placing them on the basis of a road train with an active trailed link, controlling the distri-bution of power flows supplied to the wheels of an all-wheel drive road train depending on the pos-sibility of realizing free traction by each wheel, changing the position of the road train center of in-flexions depending on the steering wheel angle and maneuver.
28
Madokoro, Hirokazu, Osamu Kiguchi, Takeshi Nagayoshi, Takashi Chiba, Makoto Inoue, Shun Chiyonobu, Stephanie Nix, Hanwool Woo, and Kazuhito Sato. "Development of Drone-Mounted Multiple Sensing System with Advanced Mobility for In Situ Atmospheric Measurement: A Case Study Focusing on PM2.5 Local Distribution." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4881. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144881.
Full textAbstract:
This study was conducted using a drone with advanced mobility to develop a unified sensor and communication system as a new platform for in situ atmospheric measurements. As a major cause of air pollution, particulate matter (PM) has been attracting attention globally. We developed a small, lightweight, simple, and cost-effective multi-sensor system for multiple measurements of atmospheric phenomena and related environmental information. For in situ local area measurements, we used a long-range wireless communication module with real-time monitoring and visualizing software applications. Moreover, we developed four prototype brackets with optimal assignment of sensors, devices, and a camera for mounting on a drone as a unified system platform. Results of calibration experiments, when compared to data from two upper-grade PM2.5 sensors, demonstrated that our sensor system followed the overall tendencies and changes. We obtained original datasets after conducting flight measurement experiments at three sites with differing surrounding environments. The experimentally obtained prediction results matched regional PM2.5 trends obtained using long short-term memory (LSTM) networks trained using the respective datasets.
29
Cai, Jun, Bo Xu, Karen Kie Yan Chan, Xueying Zhang, Bing Zhang, Ziyue Chen, and Bing Xu. "Roles of Different Transport Modes in the Spatial Spread of the 2009 Influenza A(H1N1) Pandemic in Mainland China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 14, 2019): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020222.
Full textAbstract:
There is increasing concern about another influenza pandemic in China. However, the understanding of the roles of transport modes in the 2009 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic spread across mainland China is limited. Herein, we collected 127,797 laboratory-confirmed cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in mainland China from May 2009 to April 2010. Arrival days and peak days were calculated for all 340 prefectures to characterize the dissemination patterns of the pandemic. We first evaluated the effects of airports and railway stations on arrival days and peak days, and then we applied quantile regressions to quantify the relationships between arrival days and air, rail, and road travel. Our results showed that early arrival of the virus was not associated with an early incidence peak. Airports and railway stations in prefectures significantly advanced arrival days but had no significant impact on peak days. The pandemic spread across mainland China from the southeast to the northwest in two phases that were split at approximately 1 August 2009. Both air and road travel played a significant role in accelerating the spread during phases I and II, but rail travel was only significant during phase II. In conclusion, in addition to air and road travel, rail travel also played a significant role in accelerating influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 spread between prefectures. Establishing a multiscale mobility network that considers the competitive advantage of rail travel for mid to long distances is essential for understanding the influenza pandemic transmission in China.
30
He, Mei, Hiroshi Kubo, Kota Ishizawa, Ahmed E. Hegab, Yasuhiko Yamamoto, Hiroshi Yamamoto, and Mutsuo Yamaya. "The role of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products in lung fibrosis." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 293, no. 6 (December 2007): L1427—L1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00075.2007.
Full textAbstract:
The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand receptor known to be involved in the process of fibrotic change in several organs, such as peritoneal fibrosis and kidney fibrosis. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of RAGE during the acute inflammation and chronic fibrotic phases of lung injury induced by intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in mice. Bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis was evaluated in wild-type and RAGE-deficient (RAGE−/−) mice. Bleomycin administration to wild-type mice caused an initial pneumonitis that evolved into fibrosis. While RAGE−/− mice developed a similar early inflammatory response, the mice were largely protected from the late fibrotic effects of bleomycin. The protection afforded by RAGE deficiency was accompanied by reduced pulmonary levels of the potent RAGE-inducible profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and PDGF. In addition, bleomycin administration induced high mobility group box 1 (HMGB-1) production, one of the ligands of RAGE, from inflammatory cells that accumulated within the air space. Coculture with HMGB-1 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in alveolar type II epithelial cells from wild-type mice. However, alveolar type II epithelial cells derived from RAGE−/− mice did not respond to HMGB-1 treatment, such that the RAGE/HMGB-1 axis may play an important role in EMT. Also, bleomycin administration induced profibrotic cytokines TGF-β and PDGF only in wild-type mouse lungs. Our results suggested that RAGE contributes to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through EMT and profibrotic cytokine production. Thus, RAGE may be a new therapeutic target for pulmonary fibrosis.
31
Boaretti, Carlo, Giuseppe Vitiello, Giuseppina Luciani, Alessandra Lorenzetti, Michele Modesti, and Martina Roso. "Electrospun Active Media Based on Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)-Graphene-TiO2 Nanocomposite Materials for Methanol and Acetaldehyde Gas-Phase Abatement." Catalysts 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2020): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10091017.
Full textAbstract:
The abatement of organic pollutants by TiO2 photocatalysis has been established as one of the benchmark applications of advanced oxidation processes for both liquid and gas phase purification. Such solution is particularly suitable for indoor air pollution where volatile organic compounds (VOCs) represent a class of chemicals of high concern for their adverse effects on both environment and human health. However, different shortcomings still affects TiO2 photocatalytic performance in terms of weak adsorptivity and fast electron-hole recombination, limiting its applicability. As a result, different strategies have been investigated over the last years in order to promote a higher TiO2 photo-efficiency. In this study we used electrospun (PVDF) nanofibers as a support for the photo catalytic system obtained by coupling graphene based materials and TiO2 during solvothermal synthesis. The resultant nanostructured membranes have been tested for acetaldehyde and methanol degradation under UV light showing an increase in the photocatalytic activity compared to bare TiO2. Such results may be ascribed to the decrease of band-gap energy and to increased electron mobility in the photocatalytic nanocomposite.
32
Wu, Xu, Wenyu Gu, Huan Lu, Chengying Liu, Biyun Yu, Hui Xu, Yaodong Tang, Shanqun Li, Jian Zhou, and Chuan Shao. "Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product Ameliorates Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Induced Renal Injury, Inflammation, and Apoptosis via P38/JNK Signaling Pathways." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1015390.
Full textAbstract:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) associated chronic kidney disease is mainly caused by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) triggered tissue damage. Receptor for advanced glycation end product (RAGE) and its ligand high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) are expressed on renal cells and mediate inflammatory responses in OSA-related diseases. To determine their roles in CIH-induced renal injury, soluble RAGE (sRAGE), the RAGE neutralizing antibody, was intravenously administered in a CIH model. We also evaluated the effect of sRAGE on inflammation and apoptosis. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) normal air (NA), (2) CIH, (3) CIH+sRAGE, and (4) NA+sRAGE. Our results showed that CIH accelerated renal histological injury and upregulated RAGE-HMGB1 levels involving inflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α, and IL-6), apoptotic (Bcl-2/Bax), and mitogen-activated protein kinases (phosphorylation of P38, ERK, and JNK) signal transduction pathways, which were abolished by sRAGE but p-ERK. Furthermore, sRAGE ameliorated renal dysfunction by attenuating tubular endothelial apoptosis determined by immunofluorescence staining of CD31 and TUNEL. These findings suggested that RAGE-HMGB1 activated chronic inflammatory transduction cascades that contributed to the pathogenesis of the CIH-induced renal injury. Inhibition of RAGE ligand interaction by sRAGE provided a therapeutic potential for CIH-induced renal injury, inflammation, and apoptosis through P38 and JNK pathways.
33
Rahman, Abdur Rahman Hafeezur, Shaik Ameer Malik, Jagath Rajesh Kumar, Vadivelu Balaguru, and Palanivel Sivakumar. "A Design of Experiments Methodology for Evaluating Configuration for a Generation Next Main Battle Tank." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.12182.
Full textAbstract:
<p class="p1">Combat vehicles for generation next main battle tank requires state-of-the-art technologies to counter advanced threats both from conventional and un-conventional sources across various theatres of operation. In addition, they require strategic mobility by road, rail, air and sea. Under such conditions, the trend across the world has been to converge on configurations that are lethal, agile, modular systems and interchangeable mission based turret configurations along with higher survivability which imposes limitations on mobility as mass increases. To achieve all the user objectives as laid down in the qualitative requirements, it is prudent to focus the attention on weight management. The traditional approach of weight management is time consuming, for which an alternate approach using design of experiments is proposed in this paper. To carry out this study, two configurations are selected namely evolutionary and revolutionary design. Keeping the outer boundary as the constraint, a simple linear regression and analysis of variance are carried out with mass and volume data from various systems and sub-systems. Subsequently, the accuracy of the analysis is ascertained using a test of hypothesis using PHStat software. Although this study discusses configuration, the factors responsible for reduced system mass and volume namely technology, materials, intelligence etc have not been discussed. Finally, from the outcome of the study it is observed that the revolutionary design configuration fares better compared to the evolutionary design configuration with a combat mass of only 41 t.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>
34
Akinyi, Caroline, and Jude O. Iroh. "Thermal Decomposition and Stability of Hybrid Graphene–Clay/Polyimide Nanocomposites." Polymers 15, no. 2 (January 6, 2023): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15020299.
Full textAbstract:
Polyimide matrix nanocomposites have gained more attention in recent years due to their high thermal stability, good interfacial bonding, light weight, and good wear resistance and corrosion, factors that make them find great applications in the field of aerospace and advanced equipment. Many advancements have been made in improving the thermal, mechanical, and wear properties of polyimide nanocomposites. The use of nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, clay, and alumina has been studied. Some challenges with nanofillers are dispersion in the polymer matrix and interfacial adhesion; this has led to surface modification of the fillers. In this study, the interaction between clay and graphene to enhance the thermal and thermal-oxidative stability of a nanocomposite was studied. A polyimide/graphene nanocomposite containing ~12.48 vol.% graphene was used as the base nanocomposite, into which varying amounts of clay were added (0.45–9 vol.% clay). Thermogravimetric studies of the nitrogen and air atmospheres showed an improvement in thermal decomposition temperature by up to 50 °C. The presence of both fillers leads to increased restriction in the mobility of polymer chains, and thus assists in char formation. It was observed that the presence of clay led to higher decomposition temperatures of the char formed in air atmosphere (up to 80 °C higher). This led to the conclusion that clay interacts with graphene in a synergistic manner, hence improving the overall stability of the polyimide/graphene/clay nanocomposites.
35
Röhler, Laura, Martin Schlabach, Peter Haglund, Knut Breivik, Roland Kallenborn, and Pernilla Bohlin-Nizzetto. "Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air – Part 2: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 20, no. 14 (July 29, 2020): 9031–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-9031-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The Norwegian Arctic possesses a unique environment for the detection of new potential chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) due to remoteness, sparse population and the low number of local contamination sources. Hence, a contaminant present in Arctic air is still considered a priority indication for its environmental stability and environmental mobility. Today, legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related conventional environmental pollutants are already well-studied because of their identification as Arctic pollutants in the 1980s. Many of them are implemented and reported in various national and international monitoring activities including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). These standard monitoring schemes, however, are based on compound-specific quantitative analytical methods. Under such conditions, the possibility for the identification of hitherto unidentified contaminants is limited and random at best. Today, new and advanced technological developments allow a broader, unspecific analytical approach as either targeted multicomponent analysis or suspect and non-target screening strategies. In order to facilitate such a wide range of compounds, a wide-scope sample clean-up method for high-volume air samples based on a combination of adsorbents was applied, followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography separation and low-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC × GC-LRMS). During the study reported here, simultaneous non-target and suspect screening were applied. The detection of over 700 compounds of interest in the particle phase and over 1200 compounds in the gaseous phase is reported. Of those, 62 compounds were confirmed with reference standards and 90 compounds with a probable structure (based upon mass spectrometric interpretation and library spectrum comparison). These included compounds already detected in Arctic matrices and compounds not detected previously (see also Fig. 1). In addition, 241 compounds were assigned a tentative structure or compound class. Hitherto unknown halogenated compounds, which are not listed in the mass spectral libraries used, were also detected and partly identified.
36
HIDALGO BARRIO, MARIA DOLORES, SERGIO SANZ BEDATE, JOSEFINA DE LA FUENTE, and JAVIER BUHIGAS PEREZ. "DEVELOPMENT OF SYSTEMS FOR MEASURING AND MITIGATING EMISSIONS AND NOISE FROM TRANSPORT INTEGRATED IN INFRASTRUCTURES." DYNA 97, no. 4 (July 1, 2022): 359–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/10477.
Full textAbstract:
AEmissions and noise from transport affect seriously people's health and environmental ecosystems, requiring the implementation of monitoring and mitigation measures to achieve a real reduction in all transport modes and achieve a real sustainable mobility. Monitoring systems integrated in the infrastructure can help in identifying vehicles that do not respect certain emission limits. In this scenario, NEMO project (Noise and Emissions Monitoring and radical mitigation) seeks to create the most advanced and purely European solution to reduce emissions and noise from transport, by empirically measuring individual vehicles to apply personalized tariffs to the most emitting vehicles or preventing their access to sensitive zones. The whole NEMO concept is focused on the development (hardware, infrastructure and software) of a reliable novel Remote Sensing systems to measure traffic emissions and noise. The system is integrated into existing road, rail, maritime and IT infrastructures to make it standardized, more user-friendly and able to operate continuously without human supervision for continuous monitoring. The new measurement systems, present a wider measurement range to ensure that the sensitivity of the measurements is adequate to the development of the automotive industry, thus helping to form a global and scalable solution to improve air quality and reduce noise impact in European cities.
37
Mauro, Francesco, Ubaldo la Monaca, Alberto Marinò, and Vittorio Bucci. "A Simulation Model for a Hybrid-Electric Craft in Restricted Waters." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (July 14, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5340814.
Full textAbstract:
Sustainable mobility is one of the most challenging issues for passenger transport inside environmental protected areas and ecologically fragile environments. To reduce the pollutant emissions, the adoption of electric or hybrid-electric solutions for crafts propulsion is a suitable option for green navigation. However, the operation in restricted basin leads also to specific critical issues for the vessel sailing, as dealing with shallow or restricted waters and transit under low air-gap bridges. The combination of these constraints with the adoption of a hybrid-electric propulsion system increases the design difficulties also for a small craft, requiring the use of advanced simulation models to assess the vessel performances. This work presents a simulation model for a small passenger craft that will operate in the Grado Lagoon. The model combines the hydrodynamic issues of manoeuvring and propulsion in restricted water with the simulation of the electric loads and capacity of the energy storage system installed onboard. The simulations performed with the developed simulation system are in accordance with data measured during trials on a prototype of the vessel. The developed model is a powerful tool for designers in order to rapidly assess the green capabilities of new projects since the early design stages.
38
Biziorek, Ryan, David Hiller, Vincent Jurdic, AnaLuisa Maldonado, Henry Harris, Cameron Heggie, Paul Her, et al. "Experiential design tools for acousticsi—A retrospective and look ahead at the use of sound and visualizations for transportation noise." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015779.
Full textAbstract:
Originally conceived and developed to inform the design of some of the world’s best arts and culture venues, over the past 10+ years, Arup SoundLab has also been used to create sound demonstrations that simulate and gauge response to environmental sound. Sound demonstrations combine aural and visual simulations to enable clients, designers, major stakeholders and the general public to experience and better understand sound. They provide robust objective information to support decision making and help shape better outcomes for all. The SoundLab has been used to inform the design of vertiport infrastructure; to assess annoyance and possible health impacts of novel noise sources; to inform local and international policy on noise; and to provide information on the early prototyping of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) vehicles. These applications will be described in this presentation, including recent simulations for the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) and a human response study for the European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) to provide insight into people’s response to AAM noise impacts. As AAM applications broaden, auralisation and visualisation processes are being developed to facilitate understanding of planning, permitting and design processes. The immersive experience provides information that is valuable to the various parties involved.
39
Du, Jinyang, John S. Kimball, Lucas A. Jones, Youngwook Kim, Joseph Glassy, and Jennifer D. Watts. "A global satellite environmental data record derived from AMSR-E and AMSR2 microwave Earth observations." Earth System Science Data 9, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 791–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-791-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Spaceborne microwave remote sensing is widely used to monitor global environmental changes for understanding hydrological, ecological, and climate processes. A new global land parameter data record (LPDR) was generated using similar calibrated, multifrequency brightness temperature (Tb) retrievals from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer 2 (AMSR2). The resulting LPDR provides a long-term (June 2002–December 2015) global record of key environmental observations at a 25 km grid cell resolution, including surface fractional open water (FW) cover, atmosphere precipitable water vapor (PWV), daily maximum and minimum surface air temperatures (Tmx and Tmn), vegetation optical depth (VOD), and surface volumetric soil moisture (VSM). Global mapping of the land parameter climatology means and seasonal variability over the full-year records from AMSR-E (2003–2010) and AMSR2 (2013–2015) observation periods is consistent with characteristic global climate and vegetation patterns. Quantitative comparisons with independent observations indicated favorable LPDR performance for FW (R ≥ 0.75; RMSE ≤ 0.06), PWV (R ≥ 0.91; RMSE ≤ 4.94 mm), Tmx and Tmn (R ≥ 0.90; RMSE ≤ 3.48 °C), and VSM (0.63 ≤ R ≤ 0.84; bias-corrected RMSE ≤ 0.06 cm3 cm−3). The LPDR-derived global VOD record is also proportional to satellite-observed NDVI (GIMMS3g) seasonality (R ≥ 0.88) due to the synergy between canopy biomass structure and photosynthetic greenness. Statistical analysis shows overall LPDR consistency but with small biases between AMSR-E and AMSR2 retrievals that should be considered when evaluating long-term environmental trends. The resulting LPDR and potential updates from continuing AMSR2 operations provide for effective global monitoring of environmental parameters related to vegetation activity, terrestrial water storage, and mobility and are suitable for climate and ecosystem studies. The LPDR dataset is publicly available at http://files.ntsg.umt.edu/data/LPDR_v2/.
40
Wykle, Kenneth R., Isaac Maya, Richard A. Myers, Thomas A. Remus, and J. Richard Williams. "High-Speed Sealift/Agile Port Operational Concept." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1620, no. 1 (January 1998): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1620-06.
Full textAbstract:
How might emerging High-Speed Sealift (HSS) operating in conjunction with Agile Ports (AP) enhance Department of Defense (DOD) power-projection capability? The goal is to develop a concept for how a combination of HSS ships and Agile Ports, operating in concert with complementary technologies, focused logistics, and advanced management information systems, may be applied by the DOD to accelerate the movement of high-priority cargo to crisis and conflict locations. The capability sought is rapid entry into a theater of operations in support of missions requiring the projection, employment, and sustainment of forces across the entire spectrum of military operations: deterrence, Operations Other Than War (OOTW), or war. HSS ships can perform critical delivery tasks that will allow U.S. forces to increase their operational and logistical flexibility. For example, an appropriately configured HSS ship has the potential to assist the halting and build-up phase by transporting cargo that is normally moved by air, but is prevented from doing so by aircraft shortages or in-theater airfield constraints; transporting equipment and materiel for an Airborne Battalion Task Force (BTF) to an Intermediate Staging Base (ISB), or transporting to the theater of operations the equipment and cargoes of a Light Infantry BTF or an Air Assault BTF; or transporting during surge critical resupply items with early Required Delivery Dates (RDDs), such as Class V (ammunition), Class VIII (medical), or Class IX (repair parts). The incorporation of AP technologies into the coordinated commercial and defense transportation systems provides a superb complement to the overall value of HSS. In addition, Agile Ports significantly enhance and supplement conventional sealift by providing a conduit for the incorporation of next-generation technologies supporting both DOD mobility and the general efficiency of commercial shipping.
41
Ballis, Haris, and Loukas Dimitriou. "Evaluation of Reinforcement Learning Traffic Signalling Strategies for Alternative Objectives: Implementation in the Network of Nicosia, Cyprus." Transport and Telecommunication Journal 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ttj-2020-0024.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSmart Cities promise to their residents, quick journeys in a clean and sustainable environment. Despite, the benefits accrued by the introduction of traffic management solutions (e.g. improved travel times, maximisation of throughput, etc.), these solutions usually fall short on assessing the environmental impact around the implementation areas. However, environmental performance corresponds to a primary goal of contemporary mobility planning and therefore, solutions guaranteeing environmental sustainability are significant. This study presents an advanced Artificial Intelligence-based (AI) signal control framework, able to incorporate environmental considerations into the core of signal optimisation processes. More specifically, a highly flexible Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm has been developed towards the identification of efficient but-more importantly-environmentally friendly signal control strategies. The methodology is deployed on a large-scale micro-simulation environment able to realistically represent urban traffic conditions. Alternative signal control strategies are designed, applied, and evaluated against their achieved traffic efficiency and environmental footprint. Based on the results obtained from the application of the methodology on a core part of the road urban network of Nicosia, Cyprus the best strategy achieved a 4.8% increase of the network throughput, 17.7% decrease of the average queue length and a remarkable 34.2% decrease of delay while considerably reduced the CO emissions by 8.1%. The encouraging results showcase ability of RL-based traffic signal controlling to ensure improved air-quality conditions for the residents of dense urban areas.
42
Zou, Weifeng, Fang He, Sha Liu, Jinding Pu, Jinxing Hu, Qing Sheng, Tao Zhu, Tianhua Zhu, Bing Li, and Pixin Ran. "PM2.5 Induced the Expression of Fibrogenic Mediators via HMGB1-RAGE Signaling in Human Airway Epithelial Cells." Canadian Respiratory Journal 2018 (January 28, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1817398.
Full textAbstract:
Background. The aim of the present study was to test whether fine particulate matter (PM2.5) induces the expression of platelet-derived growth factor-AB (PDGF-AB), PDGF-BB, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) in vitro via high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) signaling.Methods. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to motor vehicle exhaust (MVE) or clean air. HBECs were either transfected with a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HMGB1 or incubated with anti-RAGE antibodies and subsequently stimulated with PM2.5.Results. The expression of HMGB1 and RAGE was elevated in MVE-treated rats compared with untreated rats, and PM2.5 increased the secretion of HMGB1 and upregulated RAGE expression and the translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus of HBECs. This activation was accompanied by an increase in the expression of PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, and TGF-β1. The HMGB1 siRNA prevented these effects. Anti-RAGE antibodies attenuated the activation of NF-κB and decreased the secretion of TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and PDGF-BB from HBECs.Conclusion. PM2.5 induces the expression of TGF-β1, PDGF-AB, and PDGF-BB in vitro via HMGB1-RAGE signaling, suggesting that this pathway may contribute to the airway remodeling observed in patients with COPD.
43
Gopinathan, Nandan, and Prabhakar Karthikeyan Shanmugam. "Energy Anxiety in Decentralized Electricity Markets: A Critical Review on EV Models." Energies 15, no. 14 (July 19, 2022): 5230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15145230.
Full textAbstract:
The automobile sector is a promising avenue for enhancing energy security, economic opportunity, and air quality in India. Before penetrating a large number of electric vehicles (EV) into the power grid, a thorough investigation and assessment of significant parameters are required, as additional nonlinear and EV loads are linked to the decentralized market. Many automobile companies have already invested in electric vehicle research; hence, a detailed analysis on range anxiety and grid connectivity concerns are the important factors affecting the future of the electric vehicle industry. In this paper, the initial review is about the decentralized market in India and sustainable aspects of electric mobility based on the Indian context, as it is a developing nation with an enormous resource and scope for EV markets. With recent literature from the last three years, the substantial constraints observed in benefits and challenges are reviewed. The financial stability aspects and the incentives to overcome the barriers to EV adoption are briefly discussed. From the review, it has come to the limelight that infrastructure availability, technology, load demand, and consumer behaviour are all major obstacles in the electric vehicle ecosystem. For the overall design and study of the vehicle to grid (V2G) infrastructure, this paper also provides insight into the representation of electric vehicles in different energy-efficient models and their categorization while connecting to the grid. The methodology adopted for energy-efficient models includes lifecycle emissions, economy, smart charging, real-time optimization, aggregated EV resource modelling, and a support vector machine (SVM)-based method. This paper gives a positive impact on EV fleet integration and electric mobility in general, as it critically reviews the influential parameters and challenges. This classification depends on crucial parameters that are at the frontline of EV grid integration research. This review is a solution to enhance grid stability in regard to new EV models. With the advanced electric motors development and renewed battery technology models, longer-distance automobiles are now available on the market. This paper investigates the constraints of EV grid integration and analyzes different EV models to ease the grid stability for a decentralized market.
44
Zhou, Chongwu. "(Invited) Nanoelectronics Based on Assembled High-Density and High-Semiconducting-Purity Carbon Nanotube Films." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 9 (July 7, 2022): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-019751mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
Carbon nanotubes hold great promise for high-performance electronics but also face significant challenges in terms of assembly and integration. On one hand, aligned carbon nanotubes are proposed as an alternative to III-V semiconductor technologies in radio frequency (RF) applications because of their high linearity as amplifiers and compatibility with CMOS electronics. We will first report high-performance RF transistors with operation frequencies beyond 100 GHz. These devices are built upon high-density (~50 nanotubes / micron) and high semiconducting purity (> 99.99%) aligned single-wall carbon nanotube films assembled at wafer scale. With gate length ~110 nm and T-shaped gate to reduce the gate charging resistance, the devices showed an extrinsic cutoff frequency and maximum oscillation frequency of over 100 GHz. The performance surpasses the 90 GHz cutoff frequency of radio-frequency CMOS transistors with gate length of 100 nm and is close to the performance of GaAs technology. [1] On the other hand, Carbon nanotubes are ideal candidates for beyond-silicon nanoelectronics because of their high mobility and low-cost processing; however, n-type transistors based on assembled aligned nanotubes has not been reported yet. Fabrication of n-type behavior field effect transistors (FETs) based on assembled aligned CNT arrays is needed for advanced CNT electronics. We will report a scalable process to make n-type transistors based on assembled aligned CNT arrays. Air-stable and high-performance n-type CNT FETs are achieved with high yield by combining atomic layer deposition dielectric and Ti contacts with gold overcoating, which are stable in air and widely used for III-V semiconductors. We also systematically studied the contribution of metal contacts and atomic layer deposition passivation in determining the transistor polarity. [2] Based on these experimental results, we report the successful demonstration of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor inverters with good performance, which paves the way to realizing the promising future of carbon nanotube nanoelectronics. [1] “Wafer-scalable, aligned carbon nanotube transistors operating at frequencies of over 100 GHz”, C. Rutherglen, A. A. Kane, P. F. Marsh, T. A. Cain, B. I. Hassan, M. R. AlShareef, C. Zhou and K. Galatsis, Nature Electronics, volume 2, pages 530–539, 2019. [2] “Air-Stable n-Type Transistors based on Assembled Aligned Carbon Nanotube Arrays and Their Application in CMOS Electronics”, Z. Li, K. R. Jinkins, D. Cui, M. Chen, Z. Zhao, M. S. Arnold and C. Zhou, Nano Res. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3567-9.
45
Teodosio, Luigi, Fabio Berni, Alfredo Lanotte, and Enrica Malfi. "1D/3D simulation procedure to investigate the potential of a lean burn hydrogen fuelled engine." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012085. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012085.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In recent years hydrogen, especially the one generated by renewable energy, is gaining increasing attention as a clean fuel to support the future mobility towards efficient and low emission solutions for propulsion systems. In this scenario, the present work deals with the virtual conversion of a single-cylinder Diesel engine, conceived for marine applications, into a hydrogen Spark Ignition (SI) unit. A simulation methodology is adopted, combining 1D and 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods. First, experiments are realized on the original Diesel engine mounted on a test bench, collecting main performance indicators and emissions. A complete 1D engine model (GT-Power™) is developed and validated against measurements. Then, a 3D model of the cylinder (STAR-CD) is set-up and the related combustion outcomes are compared both with 1D and experimental results, showing an overall good agreement. In the second stage, the Diesel unit is converted into a port-injected hydrogen SI engine; the 3D model is re-arranged and utilized to reproduce pre-mixed hydrogen combustions under ultra-lean air/fuel (A/F) mixtures. Also, the 1D model is partly modified and coupled to an advanced combustion sub-model integrated with fast tabulated chemical kinetics to predict the knock. In particular, 1D combustion evolution is calibrated against the results of 3D CFD hydrogen combustion simulation. Finally, the calibrated 1D model is applied to investigate the advantages of ultra-lean hydrogen combustion in terms of efficiency, NO, and unburned H2 formation at medium/high loads.
46
Jurjević, Adrian, Christian Mohrdieck, Michael Reindl, and Natascha Weidler. "(Digital Presentation) Transferability of a Modeled Cathode Accelerated Stress Test for Carbon Corrosion between the Membrane Electrode Assembly and the Rotating Disk Electrode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 35 (July 7, 2022): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01351437mtgabs.
Full textAbstract:
The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) represents an indispensable technology to ensure the emission-free and sustainable mobility of tomorrow. The commercial viability of PEMFCs scales not only with the performance but also with the longevity of its components, especially the Membrane Electrode Assembly (MEA). One of the key degradation mechanisms of the MEA constitutes Starting-Up (SU) from an inactive (air/air situation) state as well as Shutting-Down (SD) from an active (H2/air situation) state. The onset of oxygen reduction along the H2/air gas front in the anode compartment of the fuel cell leads to a local potential rise at the cathode, which, among other things, promotes the parasitic Carbon Oxidation Reaction (COR) of the cathode catalyst support material. The COR can lead to a separation of the supported catalyst particles from the rest of the electrical network, thus, to a reduction of the Effective Catalyst Surface Area (ECSA), but also to an increasing mechanical instability up to the collapse of the catalyst layer. [1] In previous works, various approaches have been taken to translate real-world damage mechanisms into component-based and accelerated stress tests [2]. To investigate the degenerative effects of SUSD events on MEA corrosion stability, this work first demonstrates the transferability of degradation through a real gas exchange between air and hydrogen at the anode and a simplified but equivalent potential program (Figure 1) under inert conditions using an external power supply on an in-situ complete cell configuration over a common number of cycles. Subsequently, this potential program is repeated ex-situ using a thin-film coated Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in a three-electrode setup and an aqueous electrolyte at the same temperature as for the in-situ complete cell execution. The integration level comparison is intended to prove that the RDE is an important characterization strategy for degradation analysis, particularly due to its comparatively low complexity and timely and financial efficiency and may be fundamentally advanced over the expensive and time-consuming complete cell measurement. For this purpose, electrochemical measurement methods, such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) using the transmission line model for a porous electrode, oxygen diffusion resistance and polarization characteristics at different operating parameters were conducted. In addition, morphological studies were evaluated with respect to Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). It is shown that the electrochemical degradation according to the mentioned characterization methods can be transferred in very good approximation from the real gas exchange to the potential protocol on the in-situ complete cell and subsequently to the RDE half cell. References [1] Schwämmlein, J. N.; Rheinländer, P. J.; Chen, Y.; Freyer, K. T.; Gasteiger, H. A. (2018): Anode Aging during PEMFC Start-Up and Shut-Down: H 2 -Air Fronts vs Voltage Cycles. In: J. Electrochem. Soc. 165 (16), F1312-F1322. DOI: 10.1149/2.0611816jes. [2] Marcu, A.; Toth, G.; Kundu, S.; Colmenares, L. C.; Behm, R. J. (2012): Ex situ testing method to characterize cathode catalysts degradation under simulated start-up/shut-down conditions – A contribution to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell benchmarking. In: Journal of Power Sources 215, S. 266–273. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.05.010. Figure 1
47
Herndon, J. Marvin. "Covert Environmental Warfare Assault on India: An Open Letter to the Indian Academy of Sciences." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 10 (November 3, 2020): 429–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.710.9331.
Full textAbstract:
In 2015, in response to an urgent call for assistance to understand the geological association of high aluminum mobility with human health in the Ganga Alluvial Plain, I published a General Article in Current Science entitled “Aluminum poisoning of humanity and Earth’s biota by clandestine geoengineering activity: implications for India”. The events that transpired following its publication led to evidence and documentation that the furtherance of that activity is tantamount to waging environmental warfare against Indian citizens, and citizens of other countries. Its publication, however, triggered an assault by one or more disinformation professionals that may have “poisoned the well” at the Indian Academy of Sciences. The truth is laid out here. During the following five years many questions were answered, such as: Why were the particles being placed into the lower-atmosphere (troposphere), not into the upper-atmosphere (stratosphere)? Why was there no public mention of the jet-emplaced particulate trails except through dissemination of false information, i.e. the contrail lie? What is the legal justification? What are the dangers to human and environmental health? The survival of Indian citizenry is critically dependent upon the natural weather cycles. No one has the right to poison the air people breathe or to disrupt the natural environment that makes life possible. The United Nations’ sanctioned “peaceful environmental improvement” constitutes, I allege, covert, hostile, environmental warfare. By virtue of their abilities and advanced training, scientists have an implicit responsibility toward humanity. Scientific integrity is even more important for members of the Indian Academy of Sciences who must now muster courage to confront a very real threat to the survival of their nation.
48
Moormann, Rainer. "Fission Product Transport and Source Terms in HTRs: Experience from AVR Pebble Bed Reactor." Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations 2008 (2008): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/597491.
Full textAbstract:
Fission products deposited in the coolant circuit outside of the active core play a dominant role in source term estimations for advanced small pebble bed HTRs, particularly in design basis accidents (DBA). The deposited fission products may be released in depressurization accidents because present pebble bed HTR concepts abstain from a gas tight containment. Contamination of the circuit also hinders maintenance work. Experiments, performed from 1972 to 88 on the AVR, an experimental pebble bed HTR, allow for a deeper insight into fission product transport behavior. The activity deposition per coolant pass was lower than expected and was influenced by fission product chemistry and by presence of carbonaceous dust. The latter lead also to inconsistencies between Cs plate out experiments in laboratory and in AVR. The deposition behavior of Ag was in line with present models. Dust as activity carrier is of safety relevance because of its mobility and of its sorption capability for fission products. All metal surfaces in pebble bed reactors were covered by a carbonaceous dust layer. Dust in AVR was produced by abrasion in amounts of about 5 kg/y. Additional dust sources in AVR were ours oil ingress and peeling of fuel element surfaces due to an air ingress. Dust has a size of about 1 m, consists mainly of graphite, is partly remobilized by flow perturbations, and deposits with time constants of 1 to 2 hours. In future reactors, an efficient filtering via a gas tight containment is required because accidents with fast depressurizations induce dust mobilization. Enhanced core temperatures in normal operation as in AVR and broken fuel pebbles have to be considered, as inflammable dust concentrations in the gas phase.
49
Temenos, Anastasios, Ioannis N. Tzortzis, Maria Kaselimi, Ioannis Rallis, Anastasios Doulamis, and Nikolaos Doulamis. "Novel Insights in Spatial Epidemiology Utilizing Explainable AI (XAI) and Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 14, no. 13 (June 26, 2022): 3074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14133074.
Full textAbstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many aspects of human life around the world, due to its tremendous outcomes on public health and socio-economic activities. Policy makers have tried to develop efficient responses based on technologies and advanced pandemic control methodologies, to limit the wide spreading of the virus in urban areas. However, techniques such as social isolation and lockdown are short-term solutions that minimize the spread of the pandemic in cities and do not invert long-term issues that derive from climate change, air pollution and urban planning challenges that enhance the spreading ability. Thus, it seems crucial to understand what kind of factors assist or prevent the wide spreading of the virus. Although AI frameworks have a very efficient predictive ability as data-driven procedures, they often struggle to identify strong correlations among multidimensional data and provide robust explanations. In this paper, we propose the fusion of a heterogeneous, spatio-temporal dataset that combine data from eight European cities spanning from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2021 and describe atmospheric, socio-economic, health, mobility and environmental factors all related to potential links with COVID-19. Remote sensing data are the key solution to monitor the availability on public green spaces between cities in the study period. So, we evaluate the benefits of NIR and RED bands of satellite images to calculate the NDVI and locate the percentage in vegetation cover on each city for each week of our 2-year study. This novel dataset is evaluated by a tree-based machine learning algorithm that utilizes ensemble learning and is trained to make robust predictions on daily cases and deaths. Comparisons with other machine learning techniques justify its robustness on the regression metrics RMSE and MAE. Furthermore, the explainable frameworks SHAP and LIME are utilized to locate potential positive or negative influence of the factors on global and local level, with respect to our model’s predictive ability. A variation of SHAP, namely treeSHAP, is utilized for our tree-based algorithm to make fast and accurate explanations.
50
Danilov, Yu O., L. O. Khrol, A. V. Bologov, S. V. Moshnoy, and L. V. Solodeeva. "SIMULATION OF FUNCTIONAL CYCLE OF APPLICATION COMBAT MACHINE OF THE MOBILE WEAPONS COMPLEX." Collection of scientific works of the Military Institute of Kyiv National Taras Shevchenko University, no. 69 (2020): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2519-481x/2020/69-04.
Full textAbstract:
The results of the analysis of the experience of creation of reconnaissance and strike complexes by the leading countries of the world and the possibility of their application in the implementation of the concepts of war based on the results of armed conflicts in recent years are presented. The purpose of the study is to conduct a systematic analysis of the duration of the functional cycle of the combat vehicle of the mobile weapon complex in the conditions of fire influence of modern means of air attack of the enemy and reconnaissance and strike systems. The logistic model of estimation of time of application of the fighting machine of a mobile complex of armament in the course of operation is offered. The logistics model allows to calculate the total duration of the functional cycle of combat use of the combat vehicle of the mobile armament complex. The study of the time characteristics of the process of using a combat vehicle is carried out using the critical path method. The calculation of the model allows to determine the operations of the critical path of the combat vehicle, the execution time of the functional cycle combat work. In solving the problem of calculating the time required to perform the functional cycle of the combat vehicle, for the initial data used standards for operations of a known type of weapon. The simulation results are proposed to be used in assessing the impact of the time of the functional cycle on the combat effectiveness of the combat vehicle. Such results are the basis for the formation of requirements for the tactical and technical characteristics of the combat vehicle of the mobile armament complex. The simulation results allow to determine the mathematical expectation of the time of execution of the functional cycle of the combat vehicle in order to ensure the required level of survivability and to set requirements for the mobility parameters of transport units of advanced combat vehicles of mobile weapons systems.