Relevant bibliographies by topics / Advance Device Applications

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Advance Device Applications'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Advance Device Applications"

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Yeom, Cheolmin, and Yoojae Won. "Vulnerability Evaluation Method through Correlation Analysis of Android Applications." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 24, 2019): 6637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236637.

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Due to people in companies use mobile devices to access corporate data, attackers targeting corporate data use vulnerabilities in mobile devices. Most vulnerabilities in applications are caused by the carelessness of developers, and confused deputy attacks and data leak attacks using inter-application vulnerabilities are possible. These vulnerabilities are difficult to find through the single-application diagnostic tool that is currently being studied. This paper proposes a process to automate the decompilation of all the applications on a user’s mobile device and a mechanism to find inter-application vulnerabilities. The mechanism generates a list and matrix, detailing the vulnerabilities in the mobile device. The proposed mechanism is validated through an experiment on an actual mobile device with four installed applications, and the results show that the mechanism can accurately capture all application risks as well as inter-application risks. Through this mechanism, users can expect to find the risks in their mobile devices in advance and prevent damage.
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Tarmizi Ahmad, Mohamed, Michael Lam, Razali Abidin, Shikin Razali, and Amzari Zhahir. "Flexible and extendable advance satellite tracking system." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.13 (October 9, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.13.21320.

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Aircraft tracking via satellite uses four dimensional aircraft position information to enhance flight safety by recording, scrutinizing and visualizing the information generated by an Airborne Tracking Unit (ATU) fitted onboard of aircraft flying from one point to another. It is an important device for aircraft operator to ensure its operational safety. Starfish Tracker SF3100-1 aircraft tracking unit can be used in aircraft satellite tracking applications. Research collaboration between Worldgate Technologies (WGT), Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM) and Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) has developed the ATU originally from land base to airborne vehicles tracking, hence it provides multitudes of civil and military applications. The ATU is a unique device that enables multi-tasking application such as Air Combat Manoeuvring Instrumentation (ACMI), Network Centric Warfare and Flight Data Monitoring systems. In this paper, system characteristics and its applications are presented with the potential applications for Flight Data Monitoring system.
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Peterson, Brennan, Michael Kwan, Fred Duewer, Andrew Reid, and Rhiannon Brooks. "Optimizing X-Ray Inspection for Advanced Packaging Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000165–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000165.

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ABSTRACT Over the coming decade, advanced packaging will become increasingly critical to performance, cost, and density improvements in advanced electronics. There is both an industry push: cost and performance advances in transistor scaling are increasingly difficult. And there is an industry pull: customization for each market can be done far more quickly by assembling a series of parts in a package, rather than by design and integration into a single device. This isnt a new idea: Gordon Moore said the same in the 60’s. But after decades of increased device level integration, it is an important change. Figure 1 shows an example (future) device: there are large bumps, hybrid bonds--for extreme bandwidth and low latency connection to cache memory, TSV based DRAM, and multiple CPU to CPU interconnects. Each of these is a failure point. Figure 1: The wide variety of interconnects on future advanced packages Figure 2: the triangle of misery as applied to standard and Advanced xray imaging (AXI) Manufacturing will necessarily advance in the packaging arena: pin density and package size will both increase to support the high bandwidth and device integration demands. The downside of multiple device integration is a higher set of requirements on the reliability of both the individual devices and the fully assembled system. This is an opportunity to take advantage of new strategies and technologies in package inspection. The sampling challenges for both control and inspection for high reliability require systems that can run at 100% coverage and millions of units per year. An overview of reliability sampling challenges as it relates to the end of line inspection, as well as sampling for both defect type and incidence is critical to understanding how and what to measure to maximize yield. There are fundamental tradeoffs between speed, resolution, and signal to noise ratio that inform a systematic engineering understanding of inspection. Optimizing that trade-off specifically for semiconductor inspection leads to dedicated tools with extremely high resolution, speed, and low dose. In parallel with the speed requirements, sensitivity, and noise immunity can be improved with an understanding of the systematic sources of noise. These can be mitigated and even eliminated with novel algorithms for both image enhancement and defect location.
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Sukmana, Irza, Ahmad Yudi Eka Risano, Mahruri Arif Wicaksono, and Rizal Adi Saputra. "Perkembangan dan Aplikasi Biomaterial dalam Bidang Kedokteran Modern: A Review." INSOLOGI: Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi 1, no. 5 (October 29, 2022): 635–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.55123/insologi.v1i5.1037.

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The medical device market in Indonesia experiences growth every year, Indonesia implements imports of medical devices. Indonesia has many experts in the field of medical devices and their production processes, at university, research institutions and other government institutions. The government provides multi-year grants for research on biomaterials and medical devices. Materials to make medical devices are called biomaterials. Biomaterials can be defined as synthetic materials that interact directly with living bodies in the form of implants or as medical devices. Biomaterials can function to repair, replace, support and or restore parts of the human body. Biomaterials have undergone many developments, types of biomaterials, advanced biomaterials adapted to applications in the medical field. Biomaterials can be in the form of metals, ceramics, polymers or composites with research that continues to advance and be developed. This paper aims to highlight types and application of biomaterials in the medical field as well as the potential application of advanced biomaterials in the future.
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Sajjad, Muhammad, Gerardo Morell, and Peter Feng. "Advance in Novel Boron Nitride Nanosheets to Nanoelectronic Device Applications." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 5, no. 11 (May 23, 2013): 5051–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am400871s.

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Quanjin, Ma, M. R. M. Rejab, M. S. Idris, and M. H. Abdullah. "Design an inexpensive augmented reality platform for the customized application." Journal of Modern Manufacturing Systems and Technology 3 (October 1, 2019): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmmst.v2i2.2470.

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Augmented reality technique (AR) is an emerging method to advance real world (RW) environment or user experience, which is mixed virtual and real reality. It is generally used to support image formation concepts, which is enhanced using relevant equipment. However, the relevant equipment is high-cost, portable, and limited software or hardware equipment, which reduces its potential application areas. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to design an inexpensive platform to determine the customized application using augmented reality, which is based on open-source software and hardware equipment. It is used to advance the targeted platform with several render effects. In addition, three virtual models are selected and applied animation function on its platform, which is controlled using external device such as keyboard and mouse. It is successful, sufficient and inexpensive device to meet the demands in various applications with external control device.
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Garcia, Lourdes, Genevieve Kerns, Kaitlin O’Reilley, Omolola Okesanjo, Jacob Lozano, Jairaj Narendran, Conor Broeking, et al. "The Role of Soft Robotic Micromachines in the Future of Medical Devices and Personalized Medicine." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (December 26, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010028.

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Developments in medical device design result in advances in wearable technologies, minimally invasive surgical techniques, and patient-specific approaches to medicine. In this review, we analyze the trajectory of biomedical and engineering approaches to soft robotics for healthcare applications. We review current literature across spatial scales and biocompatibility, focusing on engineering done at the biotic-abiotic interface. From traditional techniques for robot design to advances in tunable material chemistry, we look broadly at the field for opportunities to advance healthcare solutions in the future. We present an extracellular matrix-based robotic actuator and propose how biomaterials and proteins may influence the future of medical device design.
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Lansdowne, Krystal, Christopher G. Scully, Loriano Galeotti, Suzanne Schwartz, David Marcozzi, and David G. Strauss. "Recent Advances in Medical Device Triage Technologies for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Events." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 30, no. 3 (April 14, 2015): 320–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x15004641.

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AbstractIn 2010, the US Food and Drug Administration (Silver Spring, Maryland USA) created the Medical Countermeasures Initiative with the mission of development and promoting medical countermeasures that would be needed to protect the nation from identified, high‐priority chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) threats and emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this review was to promote regulatory science research of medical devices and to analyze how the devices can be employed in different CBRN scenarios. Triage in CBRN scenarios presents unique challenges for first responders because the effects of CBRN agents and the clinical presentations of casualties at each triage stage can vary. The uniqueness of a CBRN event can render standard patient monitoring medical device and conventional triage algorithms ineffective. Despite the challenges, there have been recent advances in CBRN triage technology that include: novel technologies; mobile medical applications (“medical apps”) for CBRN disasters; electronic triage tags, such as eTriage; diagnostic field devices, such as the Joint Biological Agent Identification System; and decision support systems, such as the Chemical Hazards Emergency Medical Management Intelligent Syndromes Tool (CHEMM-IST). Further research and medical device validation can help to advance prehospital triage technology for CBRN events.LansdowneK, ScullyCG, GaleottiL, SchwartzS, MarcozziD, StraussDG. Recent advances in medical device triage technologies for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear events. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2015;30(3):1-4
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Vallabhajosyula, Phani. "Stencil Print solutions for Advance Packaging Applications." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (October 1, 2017): 000646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-poster1_124.

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Abstract This paper address two significant applications of stencils in advance packaging field: 1. Ultra-Thin stencils for miniature component (0201m) assembly; 2. Deep Cavity stencils for embedded (open cavity) packaging. As the world of electronics continues to evolve with focus on smaller, lighter, faster, and feature-enhanced high-performing electronic products, so are the requirement for complex stencils to assemble such components. These stencil thicknesses start from less than 25um with apertures as small as 60um (or less). Step stencils are used when varying stencil thicknesses are required to print into cavities or on elevated surfaces or to provide relief for certain features on a board. In the early days of SMT assembly, step stencils were used to reduce the stencil thickness for 25 mil pitch leaded device apertures. Thick metal stencils that have both relief-etch pockets and reservoir step pockets are very useful for paste reservoir printing. Electroform Step-Up Stencils for ceramic BGA's and RF Shields are a good solution to achieve additional solder paste height on the pads of these components as well as providing exceptional paste transfer for smaller components like uBGAs and 0201s. As the components are getting smaller, for example 0201m, or as the available real estate for component placement on a board is getting smaller – finer is the aperture size and the pitch on the stencils. Aggressive distances from step wall to aperture are also required. Ultra-thin stencils with thicknesses in the order of 15um–40um with steps of 15um are used to obtain desired print volumes. Stencils with thickness to this order can be potential tools even to print for RDLs in the package. Cavity technology can be an effective solution in reducing the total assembled PCB thickness (Z-height), most importantly, on designs utilizing taller - stacked devices. Traditionally, dipping process or dispensing process was used to deposit solder paste, flux, or glue on uneven surfaces. However, this takes a longer time when compared to printing using a stencil printer. Reservoir printing using a stencil printer has greater potential in such application. Extensive work has been done in the past to print glue, solder paste and/or flux into cavities using reservoir printing. This paper focuses on printing solder paste into multiple cavities (stencil pockets) with depths ranging from 355 microns to 450 microns, and with varying cavity size, wall angles and various stencil thicknesses ranging from 100 microns to 150 microns. Apertures varying in area ratio were placed in these cavities and experiments were conducted to analyze the print performance of the stencils. As the size of the components and boards/substrates gets smaller - closer placement of components to the cavity (stencil pocket) walls needed to be assessed as well. These applications, the associated stencil design and print results were discussed in detail in this paper.
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Han, Zhaoyang, Liang Lin, Ziyue Wang, Zhuotao Lian, Chen Qiu, Huakun Huang, Lingjun Zhao, and Chunhua Su. "CNN-Based Attack Defense for Device-Free Localization." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 24, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2323293.

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Device-free localization technology aims to find a target by analyzing the signal strength difference between transmitter and receiver deployed in the target area in advance. Up to now, device-free localization technology has been applied to a wide range of applications and scenarios, such as intrusion detection, environment modeling, and activity recognition. However, some sensors remain at potential risk that signal strength values of sensors have been tampered, or even devices sensors are physically damaged, which leads to inaccurate location results or a whole system crash. To solve the abovementioned problems, we design a CNN-based attack defense method for device-free localization, which can discover falsified signal strength values and error-prone devices. Firstly, we simulate a partial sensor attack or dropout in the device-free localization scenario. Then, we transform the localization problem into an image classification problem and use the convolutional neural networks (CNN) technique for abnormal detection. The experiment result shows that our algorithm can maintain high localization accuracy even under most sensor compromised and disconnected circumstances.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Advance Device Applications"

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Hadimani, Ravi L. "Advanced magnetoelastic and magnetocaloric materials for device applications." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54960/.

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Magnetocaloric and magnetoelastic materials can be utilised in various device applications and have a potential to increase their efficiency by a considerable amount. In this thesis, Gd5(SixGei_x)4 is extensively researched on its magnetic properties such as magnetic phase transition temperature, magnetostriction, magnetoresistance and anisotropy. Field induced phase transition in Gd5(SixGei_x)4 was observed in several compositions and the rate of change of the first order phase transition temperature was determined to be approximately 5 K/Tesla. Various methods of transition temperature measurements were compared and the Arrott plot technique was determined to be accurate method for magnetocaloric materials. An advanced technique based on Arrott plots was developed to estimate the second order phase transition temperature when it is suppressed by the first order phase transition. This technique was also extended to estimate the transition temperature of mixed phase alloys. Field induced phase transition at high temperature using high magnetic field measurements up to 9 Tesla were carried out on two compositions of Gd5(SixGei-x)4 for x=0.5 and x=0.475 to validate the Arrott plot technique. Magnetostriction measurements were carried out on Gd5(SixGei_x)4 for various compositions. Fine structure was observed in the magnetostriction measurement in single crystal and polycrystalline Gd5Si1.95Ge2.05 samples but not on other compositions, which might be due to the presence of a secondary phase. It was demonstrated that a giant magnetostriction of the order of 1813 ppm could be obtained by varying the temperature using a Peltier cell and removing the requirement of bulky equipment such as Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). Magnetoresistance was measured for various compositions and an irreversible increase in resistivity was observed which depended linearly on the number of thermal cycles passing through the first order phase transition temperature. The irreversibly increased resistivity was recovered by holding the samples at high temperature for a long period of time of up to 3 days. A theoretical model was developed to explain the recovery in the resistance and was experimentally verified. First order magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant Kj, easy and hard axes of the single crystal Gd5Si2.7Gei j sample were determined using magnetic moment as a function of angle of rotation of the sample at room temperature. Dependence of the first order phase transition temperature on the angle of rotation of the single crystal Gd5Si2Ge2 sample was determined to be negligible. Additionally polycrystalline samples of Gd5Sii.8Ge2.2 and Gd5Sii.9Ge2.i were prepared by arc- melting and heat treatment was carried out on these samples in accordance with the literature to remove residual secondary phases in the sample at the Materials and Metallurgy Department of the Birmingham University. XRD measurements were carried out on these samples to confirm the crystal structure.
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Chang, Ruey-dar. "Physics and modeling of dopant diffusion for advanced device applications /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Anderson, Adam Ashurst William Robert. "Designer silica layers for advanced applications processing and properties /." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1707.

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Nath, Digbijoy N. "Advanced polarization engineering of III-nitride heterostructures towards high-speed device applications." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376927078.

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de, Barros Correia Kyotoku Bernardo. "Applications of optical coherence tomography and advances into a photonic integrated device." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2011. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6125.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T18:02:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo5666_1.pdf: 7107729 bytes, checksum: 331daa72875ae82bd7eecdcd35436b14 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Tomografia por coerência óptica (OCT) é uma técnica de imageamento não invasiva que usa radiação infravermelho para sondar alguns milímetros the profundidade de um alvo com um resolução de poucos micrômetros. Aqui, nós expomos a base teórica para entender a técnica. O texto cobre as duas variedades de OCT domínio temporal e domínio da frequência e descreve três aplicações da técnica em odontologia: a) Um na avalição the propagação rachaduras em polímeros reforçado com fibra usado em restauração dental; b) O imageamento da sobra de dentina e cavidade pulpar após excavação da dentina, com o propósito de medir a espessura da dentina, e c) uma avaliação clínica da integridade de restaurações dentais. Em todas essa aplicações, OCT gerou imagens marcantes e forneceu informações semiquatitativas sobre a estrura dentária. Com o objetivo de desenvolver um sistema de tomografia óptica integrada em um chip. Nós expomos a base teórica da plataforma de fotônica integrada. Após uma revisão literária, nós descobrimos que não existe espectrômetro integrado com a especificações necessárias para uso em OCT. Nós, então, desenvolvemos um espectrômetro com a características necessárias. Isso foi possível devido a uma nova arquitetura de espectrômetro baseada na combinação de um ressoador em anel e um espectrômetro de grade de difração
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Shi, Jindan D. "Periodic fibre devices for advanced applications in all-optical systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/346809/.

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The main objective of this work is to investigate advanced applications of fibre gratings with the combination of nonlinear fibre optical effects, including the stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), Kerr effects, four-wave mixing (FWM) and second-harmonic generation. A Raman distributed-feedback (R-DFB) fibre laser formed in a passive optical fibre by using Raman gain is considered as the most promising route to generate a single-frequency and narrow-linewidth laser source at any wavelength given a proper pump source. In this thesis, the R-DFB fibre laser has been intensively studied both numerically and experimentally. Simulation results of centre π phase-shifted R-DFB fibre lasers show that the longer length of the DFB grating, the higher Raman gain coefficient and the lower background loss of the host fibre are always beneficial for achieving low threshold R-DFB fibre lasers. 30-cm long centre π phase-shifted R-DFB fibre lasers have been respectively demonstrated in two types of commercially available Ge/Si fibres of PS980 and UHNA4. Both un-polarised and linearly polarised CW Yb-doped fibre lasers at ~1.06 μm were used as the pump sources. The R-DFB fibre lasers are single-frequency operation at around 1.11 μm and have 3 dB linewidth less than 2.5 kHz; lasing thresholds down to sub-watt power levels; total output powers up to ~2 W; and total conversion efficiencies against incident pump power around 13%. Ultra-wide range (>110 nm) wavelength conversion by using FWM in these 30 cm-long R-DFB fibre lasers have been observed and up to ~-25 dB FWM conversion efficiency has been obtained. The nonlinearities and photosensitivity of several high-index non-silica glasses and fibres are also studied in order to incorporate fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) with the highly nonlinear fibres to form R-DFB fibre lasers with lower thresholds. In particular, the Raman gain coefficient of a house-made tellurite glass fibre has been found to be ~35 times higher than the silica fibre and a SRS-assisted supercontinuum from ~1.1-1.7 μm has been observed in the fibre with a length of ~1.35 m by pumping at ~1.06 μm in the normal dispersion region of the fibre. Preliminary investigations into concatenating periodic poled silica fibres (PPSFs) to improve the frequency-doubling conversion efficiency are also presented.
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Zhou, Zhou. "An advanced gray-scale technology and its applications to micro-devices." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356395.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 9, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-161).
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CALIL, VANESSA LUZ E. "DEVELOPMENT OF ADVANCED POLYMERIC SUBSTRATES FOR APPLICATION IN FLEXIBLE ORGANIC DEVICES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16334@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Neste trabalho, desenvolveram-se dois tipos de substratos flexíveis para dispositivos orgânicos. Para tal, usou-se o termoplástico comercial de alto desempenho, poli(éter imida) (PEI), e a celulose bacteriana (CB), um polímero natural e biocompatível comumente utilizado como pele artificial. Os filmes de PEI foram fabricados com boa transparência óptica no visível, flexibilidade e ausência de poros, enquanto os filmes de CB foram utilizados como recebidos. Filmes finos de óxido de índio dopado com estanho (ITO) foram depositados sobre os filmes, utilizando a técnica de rf-sputtering, a fim de torná-los condutores elétricos para serem utilizados em dispositivos. Os valores de resistividade elétrica dos substratos modificados foram aprimorados através da variação dos parâmetros de deposiçãoo dos filmes de ITO. Os menores valores de resistividade alcançados foram 3, 27 × 10(-4) omega· cm para os substratos de PEI e 3, 70×10(-4) omega· cm para os de CB, comparáveis ao valor alcançado para os substratos de vidro [3, 66×10(-4) omega·cm], utilizados como referência. Além disso, devido às ótimas propriedades térmicas da PEI, os filmes de ITO sobre este material e sobre vidro passaram por um tratamento térmico a fim de baixar ainda mais o valor da resistividade. Após este tratamento, os valores de resistividade baixaram para 2, 88×10(-4) omega·cm e 3, 41 × 10(-4) omega· cm, para a PEI e o vidro, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos são comparáveis ou melhores àqueles obtidos por outros autores em diferentes substratos, com e sem tratamento térmico, e mostraram-se promissores para o desenvolvimento de dispositivos orgânicos flexíveis.
In this work, it has developed two types of flexible substrates for organic devices. For this purpose, it was used the commercial high-performance thermoplastic, poly(ether imide) (PEI), and a natural and biocompatible polymer commonly used as artificial skin, bacterial cellulose (BC). PEI films were fabricated with good optical transparency in the visible range of spectra, flexibility and absence of pores, while the CB films were used as received. Thin films of indium tin oxide (ITO) were deposited on those films using rf magnetron sputtering in order to turn them electrical conductors for using in organic devices. The electrical resistivity of the modified substrates was improved by varying the ITO films deposition parameters. The lowest achieved resistivity was 3.27 × 10(-4) omega· cm for PEI substrates and 3.70×10(-4) omega·cm for CB substrates, comparable to the reference substrate (glass) 3.66 × 10(-4) omega· cm. In addition, due to the excellent thermal properties of PEI, ITO films on this material and on glass substrates were thermally treated to further improvement of its electrical properties. After this treatment, the resistivity values decreased to 2.88 × 10-4 ! · cm and 3.41× 10(-4) omega· cm for PEI and glass substrates, respectively. The obtained results are comparable or better than those obtained by other authors on different substrates, with and without heat treatment, establishing these materials as outstanding substrates for the development of flexible organic devices.
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Crozier, Stuart. "The design and application of advanced field generating devices for magnetic resonance /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16299.pdf.

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Lim, ChangDuk. "Materials properties of ruthenium and ruthenium oxides thin films for advanced electronic applications." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5592/.

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Ruthenium and ruthenium dioxide thin films have shown great promise in various applications, such as thick film resistors, buffer layers for yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) superconducting thin films, and as electrodes in ferroelectric memories. Other potential applications in Si based complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) devices are currently being studied. The search for alternative metal-based gate electrodes as a replacement of poly-Si gates has intensified during the last few years. Metal gates are required to maintain scaling and performance of future CMOS devices. Ru based materials have many desirable properties and are good gate electrode candidates for future metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) device applications. Moreover, Ru and RuO2 are promising candidates as diffusion barriers for copper interconnects. In this thesis, the thermal stability and interfacial diffusion and reaction of both Ru and RuO2 thin films on HfO2 gate dielectrics were investigated using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An overview of Ru and RuO2/HfO2 interface integrity issues will be presented. In addition, the effects of C ion modification of RuO2 thin films on the physico-chemical and electrical properties are evaluated.
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Books on the topic "Advance Device Applications"

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Mitra, Dutta, and Stroscio Michael A. 1949-, eds. Advanced semiconductor heterostructures: Novel devices, potential device applications and basic properties. Singapore: World Scientific, 2003.

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Sharma, Ashok K. Advanced semiconductor memories: Architectures, designs, and applications. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE Press, 2003.

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Photographic Science: Advances in Nanoparticles, J-aggregates, Dye Sensitization, and Organic Devices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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R, Dunker, ed. Advances in techniques for engine applications. Chichester: Wiley, 1994.

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Engineers, Society of Automotive, and SAE International Spring Fuels & Lubricants Meeting and Exposition (2000 : Paris, France), eds. Advanced emissions aftertreatment for gasoline applications. Warrendale, Pa: Society of Automotive Engineers, 2000.

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Inamuddin. Advanced organic-inorganic composites: Materials, devices, and allied applications. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher, 2011.

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Kouzaev, Guennadi A. Applications of Advanced Electromagnetics: Components and Systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.

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W, Ruppel Clemens C., and Fjeldly Tor A, eds. Advances in surface acoustic wave technology, systems, and applications. Singapore: World Scientific, 2000.

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Yu, Francis T. S., 1932-, Guo Ruyan, Yin Shizhuo 1963-, and SPIE (Society), eds. Photonic fiber and crystal devices: Advances in materials and innovations in device applications : 26-27 August 2007, San Diego, California, USA. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2007.

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Kulawski, Martin. Advanced CMP processes for special substrates and for device manufacturing in MEMS applications. [Espoo, Finland]: VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Advance Device Applications"

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Arulraj, Arul Kashmir. "Advanced Biomedical Devices." In Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications, 269–84. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003173533-19.

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Eh, Alice Lee-Sie, Xuehong Lu, and Pooi See Lee. "Advances in Polymer Electrolytes for Electrochromic Applications." In Electrochromic Materials and Devices, 289–310. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527679850.ch10.

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Sharma, Bharat, and Ashutosh Sharma. "Recent Advances in Gas Sensors for Device Applications." In Materials for Devices, 71–104. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003141358-4.

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Chandra, Angesh, and Archana Chandra. "Superionic Solids in Energy Device Applications." In Advanced Energy Materials, 167–206. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118904923.ch4.

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Goel, Anuj Kumar. "Integration of MEMS Sensors for Advanced IoT Applications." In Electronic Devices and Circuit Design, 33–50. Boca Raton: Apple Academic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003145776-3.

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Gupta, K. M., and Nishu Gupta. "Semiconductor Materials: Their Properties, Applications, and Recent Advances." In Advanced Semiconducting Materials and Devices, 3–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19758-6_1.

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Timans, P. J., G. Xing, J. Cibere, S. Hamm, and S. McCoy. "Millisecond Annealing for Semiconductor Device Applications." In Subsecond Annealing of Advanced Materials, 229–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03131-6_13.

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Woolard, D. L., H. Tian, M. A. Littlejohn, R. J. Trew, and K. W. Kim. "The Application of Monte Carlo Techniques in Advanced Hydrodynamic Transport Models." In Monte Carlo Device Simulation, 219–66. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4026-7_8.

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Lefèvre, J. P. "SPELL: A Pronunciation Training Device Based on Speech Technology." In Advanced Speech Applications, 90–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85151-3_4.

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Wang, Min, Qiaoyun Sun, Shuguang Zhang, and Yu Zhang. "Information Sharing Technology in Device-to-Device Cellular Networks." In Advances in Intelligent, Interactive Systems and Applications, 830–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02804-6_108.

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Conference papers on the topic "Advance Device Applications"

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Valley, J. F., M. Stiller, L. Dries, E. Binkley, J. Kenney, J. Nurse, H. Fujimoto, and S. Das. "Low Loss, Buried Channel Polyimide Waveguides For Single Mode Interconnect Applications." In Organic Thin Films for Photonic Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/otfa.1993.fc.1.

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The PILOT program, a joint research and development agreement between the authors' three companies, was begun September, 1992, "to further advance this technology for commercial introduction." Two questions need answering here: What is PILOT and what is "this technology?" PILOT stands for Pilot Integration of Lightwave and Optical Technology and the technology is keyed to polymeric waveguides for optical interconnects. To attain "commercial introduction" we limit ourselves to polymeric materials with the potential for inclusion in a packaged device whose cost isn't prohibitive. The emphasis on polyimides, which already may be found in advanced electronic packages, arises naturally from their well known thermal and mechanical stability. We present here some preliminary results from the evolution of a process to build buried channel, single mode waveguides in fully cured polyimides.
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Bentley, Nicole L., Calvin H. Seaman, David V. Brower, Henry H. Tang, and Suy Q. Le. "Development and Testing of a Friction-Based Post-Installable Fiber-Optic Monitoring System for Subsea Applications." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61494.

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This paper presents the design and development of a friction-based coupling device for a fiber-optic monitoring system capable of measuring pressure, strain, and temperature that can be deployed on existing subsea structures. A summary is provided of the design concept, prototype development, prototype performance testing, and subsequent design refinements of the device. The results of laboratory testing of the first prototype performed at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC) are also included. Limitations of the initial concept were identified during testing and future design improvements were proposed and later implemented. These new features enhance the coupling of the sensor device and improve the monitoring system measurement capabilities. A major challenge of a post-installed instrumentation monitoring system is to ensure adequate coupling between the instruments and the structure of interest for reliable measurements. Friction-based devices have the potential to overcome coupling limitations caused by marine growth and soil contamination on flowlines, risers, and other subsea structures. The work described in this paper investigates the design and test of a friction-based coupling device (herein referred to as a friction clamp) which is suitable for pipelines and structures that are suspended in the water column as well as for those that are resting on the seabed. The monitoring elements consist of fiber-optic sensors that are bonded to a stainless steel clamshell assembly with a high-friction surface coating. The friction clamp incorporates a single hinge design to facilitate installation of the clamp and dual rows of opposing fasteners to distribute the clamping force along the structure. The friction clamp can be modified to be installed by commercial divers in shallow depths or by remotely operated vehicles in deep-water applications. NASA-JSC was involved in the selection and testing of the friction coating, and in the design and testing of the prototype clamp device. Four-inch diameter and eight-inch diameter sub-scale friction clamp prototypes were built and tested to evaluate the strain measuring capabilities of the design under different loading scenarios. The testing revealed some limitations of the initial design concept, and subsequent refinements were explored to improve the measurement performance of the system. This study was part of a collaboration between NASA-JSC and Astro Technology Inc. within a study called Clear Gulf. The primary objective of the Clear Gulf study is to develop advanced instrumentation technologies that will improve operational safety and reduce the risk of hydrocarbon spillage. NASA provided unique insights, expansive test facilities, and technical expertise to advance technologies that will benefit the environment, the public, and commercial industries.
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Liu, Y. S. "Laser processing for interconnect technology." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tuhh1.

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The development of high-power UV excimer laser sources has opened up many new opportunities in applications of lasers to material processing. The recent development of many new nonlinear optical materials has further extended the spectral coverage of high-repetition-rate solid-state lasers to deep UV (6 eV). These advances have made lasers powerful processing tools for microfabrication with either the direct-writing or projection technique. In the meantime, the rapid advance in high-speed microelectronics has significantly increased the demand for in situ and adaptive processing techniques for material and device fabrication and for related microelectronic packaging. The high-density chip-to-chip interconnect is becoming the key technology that determines the ultimate device and circuit performances. This paper reviews recent development in applying laser processing to high-density interconnect technology and discusses opportunities for in situ laser processing of materials for microelectronic packaging applications.
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Cao, Yiding, and Mingcong Gao. "Reciprocating-Mechanism Driven Heat Loops and Their Applications." In ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47195.

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This paper introduces a novel heat transfer mechanism that facilitates two-phase heat transfer while eliminating the so-called cavitation problem commonly encountered by a conventional pump. The heat transfer device is coined as the reciprocating-mechanism driven heat loop (RMDHL), which includes a hollow loop having an interior flow passage, an amount of working fluid filled within the loop, and a reciprocating driver. The hollow loop has an evaporator section, a condenser section, and a liquid reservoir. The reciprocating driver is integrated with the liquid reservoir and facilitates a reciprocating flow of the working fluid within the loop, so that liquid is supplied from the condenser section to the evaporator section under a substantially saturated condition and the so-called cavitation problem associated with a conventional pump is avoided. The reciprocating driver could be a solenoid-operated reciprocating driver for electronics cooling applications and a bellows-type reciprocating driver for high-temperature applications. Experimental study has been undertaken for a solenoid-operated heat loop in connection with high heat flux thermal management applications. Experimental results show that the heat loop worked very effectively and a heat flux as high as 300 W/cm2 in the evaporator section could be handled. The applications of the bellows-type reciprocating heat loop for gas turbine nozzle guide vanes and the leading edges of hypersonic vehicles are also illustrated. The new heat transfer device is expected to advance the current two-phase heat transfer device and open up a new frontier for further research and development.
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Harris, Hannah, Adia Radecka, Raefa Malik, Roberto Alonso Pineda Guzman, Jeffrey Santoso, Alyssa Bradshaw, Megan McCain, Mariana Kersh, and Holly Golecki. "Development and Characterization of Biostable Hydrogel Robotic Actuators for Implantable Devices: Tendon Actuated Gelatin." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1049.

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Abstract While the field of medical device design has made tremendous progress in recent decades, implantable devices continue to be plagued by the body’s immune response and fibrosis. The field of soft robotics uses low modulus materials that compliance match surrounding tissues to help address this issue. Traditionally, silicone has been the material of choice for soft robots. Although durable and elastic, implanted silicone often leads to fibrosis. To advance the use of soft robotics in medical devices, new materials must be explored. We hypothesize that protein-based soft robotic actuators hold promise for implantable medical devices by not only matching moduli surrounding tissues but also providing physiologically relevant chemical cues. Biocompatible soft actuators that achieve the functionality of silicone counterparts may promote integration with host cells and support long-term implant safety. Additionally, controlled degradation may hold promise for post-surgical support devices or drug delivery. Here, we develop and characterize crosslinked gelatin (GEL) actuators. The development of biomaterial soft actuators with properties comparable to synthetic analogues expands the applications of soft robotic devices for medical devices and healthcare applications.
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Guedes, Álan L. V., and Sergio Colcher. "Declarative programming of TV applications using NCL." In Declarative Amsterdam. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/da.2020.guedes.tv-application.

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Abstract NCL is the declarative programming language used to develop TV applications in IPTV systems and Terrestrial TV standardized by ITU and Brazilian TV Forum, respectively. Its main characteristics are: defining temporal synchronization among media assets and viewer interactions; layout reuse facilities; support multi-device presentation; support embed HTML code and scripts in the lightweight scripting language Lua; and an API for life-cycle controls (start, pause, resume, stop) and modifying applications on-the-fly called NCL editing command. This talk briefly introduces NCL, highlights its recent advances, and discuss the future of the language.
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Pedrosa, Filipe, Ruisi Zhang, Navid Feizi, Dianne Sacco, Rajni Patel, and Jagadeesan Jayender. "Handheld Concentric Tube Robot for Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy." In THE HAMLYN SYMPOSIUM ON MEDICAL ROBOTICS. The Hamlyn Centre, Imperial College London London, UK, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31256/hsmr2023.72.

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The field of continuum robotics continues to advance rapidly, giving these manipulators potential to change the paradigm of minimally invasive medical surgery (MIS) in a near future. As MIS techniques are refined to improve recovery and cosmesis and reduce invasiveness and co-morbidity, continuum robot requirements in MIS applications have become ever stricter. One such application is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL), a first-choice minimally invasive urological procedure for the extraction of large renal calculi (kidney stones) > 2 cm. The standard of care in PCNL entails the percutaneous insertion of a nephroscope via a small incision in the lumbar or lateral abdominal wall regions, followed by accessing a renal calyx to allow direct manipulation of the stone using specialized lithotripsy devices such as ultrasonic or laser equipment, which aids in reducing blood loss during survery [1]. This study proposes a lightweight, compact handheld Concentric Tube Robot (CTR) as an alternative to the conventional straight and rigid PCNL tools. Unlike Girerd et al. [2] our design was conceived solely for the use in PCNL. Our envisaged device aims to provide an alternative to the conventional rigid nephroscopes by flexibly maneuvering the handheld CTR through a prescribed renal calyx and reaching clinical targets while safeguarding sensitive anatomical structures, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Additionally, it is designed to deliver an energy source through its lumen to the renal calculi for laser ablation.
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Johnson, Kristina M., Mark A. Handschy, and Garret Moddel. "Recent Advances and Applications of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Spatial Light Modulators." In Spatial Light Modulators and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/slma.1988.we2.

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Optical computing systems offer increased information processing throughput rates by taking advantage of parallel optical architectures. The fundamental component in these architectures is a device which can modulate two-dimensional optical data. These devices, known as spatial light modulators (SLMs) have many applications including input/output data displays, spatial and matched filtering, incoherent- coherent light converters, optical crossbar switches, optical interconnection networks, and neurocomputing. The ideal system requirements placed on SLMs include high resolution (100 lp/mm), 1000 x 1000 pixels, megahertz frame rate, 100 grey levels, 1000:1 contrast ratio, and low cost [1]. An operating characteristic which often prevents SLM's from reaching these goals is device power dissipation [2]. Furthermore, devices which have large commercial markets have a better chance of meeting these systems requirements. In this paper we will discuss a new class of materials, ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs), that potentially can meet all the above system requirements.
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Colombeau, B., S. h. Yeong, S. M. Pandey, F. Benistant, M. Jaraiz, and S. Chu. "Coupling Advanced Atomistic Process and Device Modeling for Optimizing Future CMOS Devices." In 2006 International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications (VLSI-TSA). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtsa.2006.251105.

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Sivieri, Victor B., Pia Juliane Wessely, Udo Schwalke, Paula G. D. Agopian, and Joao A. Martino. "Graphene for advanced devices applications." In 2014 29th Symposium on Microelectronics Technology and Devices (SBMicro). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sbmicro.2014.6940095.

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Reports on the topic "Advance Device Applications"

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Elmgren, Karson, Ashwin Acharya, and Will Will Hunt. Superconductor Electronics Research. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20210003.

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Devices based on superconductor electronics can achieve much higher energy efficiency than standard electronics. Research in superconductor electronics could advance a range of commercial and defense priorities, with potential applications for supercomputing, artificial intelligence, sensors, signal processing, and quantum computing. This brief identifies the countries most actively contributing to superconductor electronics research and assesses their relative competitiveness in terms of both research output and funding.
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Keller-Glaze, Heidi, Jeff Horey, Kenny Nicely, Robert Brusso, Marisa M. Nihill, and M. G. Cobb. A Practical Decision Guide for Integrating Digital Applications and Handheld Devices into Advanced Individual Training. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada587623.

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Taylor. L51755 Development and Testing of an Advanced Technology Vibration Transmission. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010124.

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Fiber optic sensors have been under development in industrial and government laboratories around the world for over a decade. The commercial market for fiber sensors for measuring parameters such as temperature, displacement, and liquid level is now estimated to exceed $100 M/year. Aside from the commercial interest, the U. S. Department of Defense has vigorously pursued the development of fiber gyroscopes and hydrophones. In spite of the high level of research and development activity, however, until recently fiber sensors had not been successfully applied in high-temperature engine environments. The goal of this effort is to develop and test high-temperature fiber optic sensors and show that they are suitable for monitoring vibration and other instabilities in gas turbine engines. The underlying technology developed during the course of PRCI projects PR- 219-9120 and PR-219-9225 during 1991-94 serves as the foundation for PR-240-9416. Transducers with the fiber optic Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) configuration have been adapted for use in the turbomachinery environment.To ensure the survival of the FFPI sensors at high temperatures, two techniques for coating the fibers with metal have been developed: electroplating and vacuum deposition. Coated sensors have subsequently been embedded in aluminum and brass alloys. Experiments on a small Sargent Welch turbine engine have shown the high sensitivity of embedded FFPI strain sensors to vibration in rolling bearings. Data have been collected in both the time and frequency domain. A new accelerometer design in which a metal-coated fiber containing the FFPI element is soldered directly to a diaphragm in a stainless steel housing shows response similar to a piezoelectric accelerometer in shaker table tests. The high sensitivity of the FFPI accelerometer has been demonstrated in field tests in a Solar Centaur turbine engine, and the design has survived temperatures greater than 500�C in a test oven. A magnetometer with a physical configuration similar to that of the accelerometer has been used to measure the distance from the sensor head to a rotating shaft made of ferromagnetic material. This device, which functions as a proximity probe, has been used to monitor shaft rotation rate (keyphasor application) and as a shaft thrust position sensor. These results indicate the potential for performing critical measurements in turbine engines with FFPI sensors. They can measure acceleration, distance (proximity), strain (as it relates to bearing defect diagnosis), and gas pressure, and can operate at higher temperatures than conventional transducers.
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OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA WASHINGTON DC. Summaries of the Papers Presented at the Topical Meeting Semiconductor Lasers, Advanced Devices and Applications Held in Keystone, Colorado on 21-23 August 1995. Technical Digest Series. Volume 20. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada306078.

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Olsen. PR-179-07200-R01 Evaluation of NOx Sensors for Control of Aftertreatment Devices. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010985.

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Emissions reduction through exhaust aftertreatment is becoming more common. It is likely to play an important role in meeting new emissions regulations in the future. Currently, the predominate aftertreatment technology for NOX reduction in lean burn natural gas engines appears to be selective catalytic reduction (SCR). In SCR, a reducing agent is injected into the exhaust upstream of a catalyst. Supplying the optimal quantity of reagent is critical to effective application of SCR. If too little reagent is supplied then the NOx reduction efficiency may be too low. If too much reagent is provided then the ammonia slip may be too high. Control of reagent injection is an area where improvements could be made. In many current SCR systems, the rate of reagent injection is determined by engine loading. The relationship between engine loading and engine out NOX emission is determined during SCR system commissioning, and assumed to remain constant. Ideally, NOX emissions would be measured and used as feedback to the SCR system. It may also be advantageous to employ transient reagent injection based on time dependent variations in NOX mass flow in the exhaust. This would be possible with a fast response NOx sensor. Close loop engine control is an area of increasing importance. As regulatory emissions levels are reduced, compliance margins generally decrease. Precise control of air/fuel ratio and ignition timing become more critical. Cylinder-to-cylinder control of air/fuel ratio, ignition timing, and IMEP are also important. Advanced sensors are an enabling technology for more precise engine control. Ion sensing is an example of a technology that potentially can improve cylinder balancing and ignition timing. Cylinder-to-cylinder air/fuel ratio can be accomplished in several different ways. One approach would be to install individual sensors in the exhaust manifold, one for each cylinder. Ceramic based sensors (O2 and NOx) may be reliable enough at exhaust port temperatures. They are typically used in the exhaust of 4-stroke cycle engines, which have higher exhaust temperatures than 2-stroke cycle engines. Ceramic based NOx sensors have been under development for use, primarily, in Lean NOx Traps (LNTs). This technology is expected to be used on over-the-road Diesel truck engines in 2010. Therefore, the research effort has momentum. This provides an opportunity to capitalize on the efforts of another industry. In this project a NOx sensor will be evaluated using the SCR slipstream system on the GMV-4TF. The basic tasks are: 1. Identify commercial NOx sensors and procure most promising sensor 2. Design and modification of SCR slipstream system to accept sensors 3. Installation of sensors, sensor electronics, and data logging hardware and software 4. Sensor evaluation during SCR slipstream testing.
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Lehotay, Steven J., and Aviv Amirav. Ultra-Fast Methods and Instrumentation for the Analysis of Hazardous Chemicals in the Food Supply. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699852.bard.

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Original proposal objectives: Our main original goal was to develop ultra-fast methods and instrumentation for the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply. We proposed to extend the QuEChERS approach to veterinary drugs and other contaminants, and conduct fast and ultra-fast analyses using novel 5MB-MS instrumentation, ideally with real samples. Background to the topic: The international trade of agricultural food products is a $1.2 trill ion annual market and growing. Food safety is essential to human health, and chemical residue limits are legislated nationally and internationally. Analytical testing for residues is needed to conduct risk assessments and regulatory enforcement actions to ensure food safety and environmental health, among other important needs. Current monitoring methods are better than ever, but they are still too time-consuming, laborious, and expensive to meet the broad food testing needs of consumers, government, and industry. As a result, costs are high and only a tiny fraction of the food is tested for a limited number of contaminants. We need affordable, ultra-fast methods that attain high quality results for a wide range of chemicals. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: This is the third BARD grant shared between Prof. Amirav and Dr. Lehotay since 2000, and continual analytical improvements have been made in terms of speed, sample throughput, chemical scope, ease-of-use, and quality of results with respect to qualitative (screening and identification) and quantitative factors. The QuEChERS sample preparation approach, which was developed in conjunction with the BARD grant in 2002, has grown to currently become the most common pesticide residue method in the world. BARD funding has been instrumental to help Dr. Lehotay make refinements and expand QuEChERS concepts to additional applications, which has led to the commercialization of QuEChERS products by more than 20 companies worldwide. During the past 3 years, QuEChERS has been applied to multiclass, multiresidue analysis of veterinary drug residues in food animals, and it has been validated and implemented by USDA-FSIS. QuEChERS was also modified and validated for faster, easier, and better analysis of traditional and emerging environmental contaminants in food. Meanwhile, Prof. Amirav has commercialized the GC-MS with 5MB technology and other independent inventions, including the ChromatoProbe with Agilent, Bruker, and FUR Systems. A new method was developed for obtaining truly universal pesticide analysis, based on the use of GC-MS with 5MB. This method and instrument enables faster analysis with lower LaDs for extended range of pesticides and hazardous compounds. A new approach and device of Open Probe Fast GC-MS with 5MB was also developed that enable real time screening of limited number of target pesticides. Implications, both scientific and agricultural: We succeeded in achieving significant improvements in the analysis of hazardous chemicals in the food supply, from easy sample preparation approaches, through sample analysis by advanced new types of GC-MS and LCMS techniques, all the way to improved data analysis by lowering LaD and providing greater confidence in chemical identification. As a result, the combination of the QuEChERS approach, new and superior instrumentation, and the novel monitoring methods that were developed will enable vastly reduced time and cost of analysis, increased analytical scope. and a higher monitoring rate. This provides better enforcement, an added impetus for farmers to use good agricultural practices, improved food safety and security, increased trade. and greater consumer confidence in the food supply.
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