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Academic literature on the topic 'ADULTERANT'

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Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "ADULTERANT"

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Ribeiro, Marcelo, Alisson Paulino Trevizol, Rosana Frajzinger, Ariadne Ribeiro, Hannelore Speierl, Luciana Pires, Maristela Andraus, et al. "Adulterants in crack cocaine in Brazil." Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 41, no. 2 (June 2019): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0143.

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Abstract Introduction Brazil is the world’s biggest consumer of crack cocaine, and dependence is a major public health issue. This is the first study to investigate the prevalence of potentially harmful adulterants present in hair samples from Brazilian patients with crack cocaine dependence. Method We evaluated adulterants in hair samples extracted by convenience from 100 patients admitted at the 48 hour-observation unit of Centro de Referência de Álcool, Tabaco e Outras Drogas (CRATOD), Brazil’s largest center for addiction treatment. A cross-sectional analysis was performed with the data obtained. Results Adulterants were found in 97% of the analyzed hair samples. The most prevalent adulterant was lidocaine (92%), followed by phenacetin (69%) and levamisole (31%). Conclusion Adulterants were widely prevalent in hair samples from crack users treated at CRATOD: at least one adulterant was present in virtually all the hair samples collected. This points to a need to monitor adverse effects in the clinical setting in order to provide this high-risk group of patients with prompt and effective care related to the acute and chronic complications associated with these adulterants.
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León, Lorenzo, J. Daniel Kelly, and Gerard Downey. "Detection of Apple Juice Adulteration Using Near-Infrared Transflectance Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 59, no. 5 (May 2005): 593–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702053945921.

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Near-infrared transflectance spectroscopy was used to detect adulteration of apple juice samples. A total of 150 apple samples from 19 different varieties were collected in two consecutive years from orchards throughout the main cultivation areas in Ireland. Adulterant samples at 10, 20, 30, and 40% w/w were prepared using two types of adulterants: a high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) with 45% fructose and 55% glucose, and a sugars solution (SUGARS) made with 60% fructose, 25% glucose, and 15% sucrose (the average content of these sugars in apple juice). The results show that NIR analysis can be used to predict adulteration of apple juices by added sugars with a detection limit of 9.5% for samples adulterated with HFCS, 18.5% for samples adulterated with SUGARS, and 17% for the combined (HFCS + SUGARS) adulterants. Discriminant partial least squares (PLS) regression can detect authentic apple juice with an accuracy of 86–100% and adulterant apple juice with an accuracy of 91–100% depending on the adulterant type and level of adulteration considered. This method could provide a rapid screening technique for the detection of this type of apple juice adulteration, although further work is required to demonstrate model robustness.
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Ahmmed, Fatema, Daniel P. Killeen, Keith C. Gordon, and Sara J. Fraser-Miller. "Rapid Quantitation of Adulterants in Premium Marine Oils by Raman and IR Spectroscopy: A Data Fusion Approach." Molecules 27, no. 14 (July 15, 2022): 4534. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144534.

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This study uses Raman and IR spectroscopic methods for the detection of adulterants in marine oils. These techniques are used individually and as low-level fused spectroscopic data sets. We used cod liver oil (CLO) and salmon oil (SO) as the valuable marine oils mixed with common adulterants, such as palm oil (PO), omega-3 concentrates in ethyl ester form (O3C), and generic fish oil (FO). We showed that support vector machines (SVM) can classify the adulterant present in both CLO and SO samples. Furthermore, partial least squares regression (PLSR) may be used to quantify the adulterants present. For example, PO and O3C adulterated samples could be detected with a RMSEP value less than 4%. However, the FO adulterant was more difficult to quantify because of its compositional similarity to CLO and SO. In general, data fusion improved the RMSEP for PO and O3C detection. This shows that Raman and IR spectroscopy can be used in concert to provide a useful analytical test for common adulterants in CLO and SO.
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Fakhri, Sajad, Bahareh Mohammadi, Ronak Jalili, Marziyeh Hajialyani, and Gholamreza Bahrami. "SCREENING AND CONFIRMATION OF DIFFERENT SYNTHETIC ADULTERANTS IN SLIMMING PRODUCTS." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 260. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22516.

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Objective: The presence of synthetic drugs (as adulterant) in slimming herbal products of world markets has contravened the country’s law and has created many troubles for some consumers of slimming products. This study aims to use a simple and reliable method for simultaneously finding and validating the presence of possible adulterants in some slimming products, which could not be discriminated due to misleading packaging.Method: Fifteen slimming products were obtained from the Iran pharmaceutical markets. Liquid chromatography-ultraviolet and LC-mass spectrometry methods were performed for simultaneous screening and confirmation of adulterants.Results: The most abundant adulterant was Phenolphthalein, which has been used in 11 cases of the 15 slimming products. Furthermore, 5 products included caffeine, two included phendimetrazine, and two included protriptyline.Conclusion: The performed method was successful in detection of different adulterants. According to the presence of synthetic drugs in slimming herbal products, and their threats to people’s health it is necessary to create awareness in this case through public authorities.
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Krause, Andre, Yu Wu, Runtao Tian, and Teris van Beek. "Is Low-field NMR a Complementary Tool to GC-MS in Quality Control of Essential Oils? A Case Study: Patchouli Essential Oil." Planta Medica 84, no. 12/13 (April 24, 2018): 953–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0605-3967.

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AbstractHigh-field NMR is an expensive and important quality control technique. In recent years, cheaper and simpler low-field NMR has become available as a new quality control technique. In this study, 60 MHz 1H-NMR was compared with GC-MS and refractometry for the detection of adulteration of essential oils, taking patchouli essential oil as a test case. Patchouli essential oil is frequently adulterated, even today. In total, 75 genuine patchouli essential oils, 10 commercial patchouli essential oils, 10 other essential oils, 17 adulterants, and 1 patchouli essential oil, spiked at 20% with those adulterants, were measured. Visual inspection of the NMR spectra allowed for easy detection of 14 adulterants, while gurjun and copaiba balsams proved difficult and one adulterant could not be detected. NMR spectra of 10 random essential oils differed not only strongly from patchouli essential oil but also from one another, suggesting that fingerprinting by low-field NMR is not limited to patchouli essential oil. Automated chemometric evaluation of NMR spectra was possible by similarity analysis (Mahalanobis distance) based on the integration from 0.1 – 8.1 ppm in 0.01 ppm increments. Good quality patchouli essential oils were recognised as well as 15 of 17 deliberate adulterations. Visual qualitative inspection by GC-MS allowed for the detection of all volatile adulterants. Nonvolatile adulterants, and all but one volatile adulterant, could be detected by semiquantitation. Different chemometric approaches showed satisfactory results. Similarity analyses were difficult with nonvolatile adulterants. Refractive index measurements could detect only 8 of 17 adulterants. Due to advantages such as simplicity, rapidity, reproducibility, and ability to detect nonvolatile adulterants, 60 MHz 1H-NMR is complimentary to GC-MS for quality control of essential oils.
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Mikkelsen, S. L., and K. O. Ash. "Adulterants causing false negatives in illicit drug testing." Clinical Chemistry 34, no. 11 (November 1, 1988): 2333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/34.11.2333.

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Abstract Illicit-drug users may attempt to falsify results by in vitro adulteration of specimens. We investigated eight additives (NaCl, Visine, handsoap, Drano, bleach, vinegar, golden-seal tea, and lemon juice) claimed by drug users to invalidate enzyme immunoassay (EIA) drug assays. We also analyzed adulterated urine specimens to determine if they could be identified, adding adulterants at several concentrations to 222 EIA-positive specimens confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to contain illicit drugs. To identify adulterated urines, we monitored pH, relative density, and urine color and turbidity at adulterant concentrations that falsified EIA results. Specimens contaminated with NaCl had relative densities greater than 1.035. Liquid Drano, bleach, and vinegar shifted urine pH outside the physiological range. Golden-seal tea caused a dark appearance, and specimens containing liquid soap were unusually cloudy. Lemon juice had no effect on the assays. Visine was the only adulterant not detected. The adulterants interfered somewhat differently with each of the drug assays. EIA assays for illicit drugs can be invalidated by specimen adulteration producing false-negative results. Therefore, if urine drug testing is to be conducted, pH, relative density, and appearance should be assessed and suspect specimens should be rejected. Not all adulterants can be detected, so observed collection is strongly recommended.
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Sabatino, Leonardo, Monica Scordino, Maria Gargano, Adalgisa Belligno, Pasqualino Traulo, and Giacomo Gagliano. "HPLC/PDA/ESI-MS Evaluation of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) Adulteration." Natural Product Communications 6, no. 12 (December 2011): 1934578X1100601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1100601220.

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The present study evaluated the reliability of the ISO/TS 3632-2 UV-Vis spectrometric method for saffron classification, making experiments on saffron samples to which were added increasing concentrations of common saffron spice adulterants (safflower, marigold and turmeric). The results showed that the ISO/TS 3632-2 method is not able to detect addition of up to 10-20%, w/w, of saffron adulterants. For additions from 20 to 50%, w/w, of the three adulterants, saffron was classified in a wrong category; addition of higher than 50%, w/w, determined variations in the investigated parameters that did not allow identification of the product as “saffron”. In all cases, the method did not permit the recognition of the nature of the adulterant. On the contrary, the specificity of the HPLC/PDA/MS technique allowed the unequivocal identification of adulterant characteristic marker molecules that could be recognized by the values of absorbance and mass. The selection of characteristic ions of each marker molecule has revealed concentrations of up to 5%, w/w, for safflower and marigold and up to 2% for turmeric. In addition, the high dyeing power of turmeric allowed the determination of 2%, w/w, addition using exclusively the HPLC/PDA technique.
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Muttaqin, Fauzan Zein, Hana Hasanah Mahmudah, and Aiyi Asnawi. "Detection of adulterants in white pepper powder (Piper nigrum L.) using thin layer chromatography fingerprint analysis." Pharmacy Education 23, no. 2 (June 9, 2023): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.46542/pe.2023.232.248252.

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Background: In the production of instant pepper powder, some manufacturers add adulterants to the pepper powder. Objective: This study aimed to detect the presence of corn added in instant white pepper products in the market. Method: The TLC Fingerprint analysis was used. Fingerprints were made using white pepper from three regions in Indonesia: Tasikmalaya, Kalimantan, and Bangka. The corn used as the adulterant came from three regions in Indonesia: West Java, Central Java, and Kalimantan. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method, where 96% ethanol was used as the solvent. TLC patterns were made and visualised under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm. Chromatogram analysis was performed. Result: Loading PC-2 against PC-1 in PCA with an eigen value of 931.54 indicated the loading score of white pepper was clustered in quadrants 2 and 3, while that of the corn adulterant in quadrants 1 and 4. Discussion:The sample projection on the PCA system used showed that samples A and C are distributed between quadrants 1-2 and 3-4, while sample B is distributed in quadrant 2. Conclusion: Based on the loading results of PC-2 against PC-1, samples A and C contained corn adulterants, while sample B contained other adulterants.
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Balaji, Raju, and Madasamy Parani. "DNA Barcoding of the Market Samples of Single-Drug Herbal Powders Reveals Adulteration with Taxonomically Unrelated Plant Species." Diversity 14, no. 6 (June 17, 2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060495.

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Herbal drugs are increasingly becoming a viable alternative to allopathic medicine. Since powdered herbal drugs are more prone to adulteration than intact plant parts, their authentication becomes essential to ensure the safety and efficacy of herbal drugs. This study authenticated 107 single-drug herbal powders, representing 65 species from 60 genera and 35 families, collected from the markets in Tamil Nadu, India. DNA barcoding using the rbcL marker revealed that 58 samples (54%) were authentic, and 49 (46%) were adulterant. About 41% of the adulterant samples were a mixture of more than one species, possibly due to unintentional cross-contamination during processing. In 59% of the adulterant samples, the authentic species was entirely substituted with taxonomically and medicinally unrelated species, 72% of which belonged to different orders and families, while 28% were from other genera. Despite the taxonomic diversity, 20% of adulterant spe, cies had a morphological resemblance to the authentic species. It is not known whether their use as adulterants is intentional. In a detailed study on DNA barcoding of 17 powder samples from Ocimum tenuiflorum, 88% of the samples were authentic. These results indicate that the extent of adulteration is not high in all the species. Approximately, 95% of the samples collected for this study were produced by companies with limited resources and expertise in the unorganized sector. Hence, training them on species identification and providing simple and cost-effective authentication tools will likely reduce adulteration in the market samples.
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Borková, M., and J. Snášelová. "Possibilities of different animal milk detection in milk and dairy products – a review." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 23, No. 2 (November 15, 2011): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3371-cjfs.

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Adulteration of milk and dairy products with different types of milk, other than declared, presents a big problem for food monitoring. The evidence of milk adulteration is a difficult task considering similar compositions of various types of milk. The presented review is therefore focused on the study of the composition of milk from different animal species. The aim is to find a useful marker component for the adulterant detection. The analysis of milk proteins is a suitable solution of this problem. The techniques used for research in this area were also studied. As prospective techniques, immunological techniques and techniques based on DNA analysis are especially considered. The first ones are able to determine 0.5% of different milk adulterant, and the second ones even as little as 0.1%. Reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography is successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of individual milk adulterants in samples. The most frequent adulteration of ewe and goat milk is its replacement with less expensive and more plentiful bovine milk. Not so typical adulteration is the presence of goat milk in ewe milk or the detection of bovine milk as adulterant in buffalo mozzarella cheese.  
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "ADULTERANT"

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Burrows, David L. "Papain, a novel urine adulterant." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-1103104-152459/unrestricted/BurrowsD111004f.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1103104-152459 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Burrows, David. "Papain: a Novel Urine Adulterant." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/950.

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The estimated number of employees in the United Stated screened annually for illicit drugs is approximately 20 million, with marijuana being the most frequently abused drug. Urine adulterants provide an opportunity for illicit drug users to obtain a false negative result on commonly used primary drug screening methods such as the Fluorescence Polarized Immunoassay (FPIA) technique. Typical chemical adulterants such as nitrites are easily detected or render the urine specimen invalid as defined in the proposed federal guidelines for specimen validity testing based on creatinine, specific gravity and pH. Papain is a cysteine protease with intrinsic ester hydrolysis capability. The primary metabolite of the psychoactive chemical in marijuana, 11-norcarboxy-delta-9-tetrahydrocannibinol (THC-COOH), was assayed by FPIA in concentrations ranging from 25 to 500 ng/mL, at pH values ranging from 4.5 to 8, over the course of 3 days with papain concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 mg/mL. FPIA analysis of other frequently abused drugs: amphetamines, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, opiates, and phencyclidine, along with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of THC-COOH and high pressure liquid chromatography/ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV) of nordiazepam was performed in order to determine if the mechanism of urine adulteration by papain was analyte specific. Control and adulterated urine specimens (n=30) were assayed for creatinine, specific gravity and pH to determine if papain rendered the specimens invalid based on the proposed federal guidelines. There was a direct pH, temperature, and time dependent correlate between the increase in papain concentration and the decrease in THC-COOH concentration from the untreated control groups (p<0.01). The average 72 hour THC-COOH concentration decrease at pH 6.2 with a papain concentration of 10 mg/mL was 50%. Papain did not significantly decrease the concentration of the other drugs analyzed with the exception of nordiazepam. GC/MS of THC-COOH and HPLC/UV of nordiazepam revealed a 66% and 24% decrease in concentration of the respective analyte with 10 mg/mL papain after 24 hours at room temperature (~23 °C). No adulterated specimens were rendered invalid based on the SAMHSA guidelines. Immediate FPIA analysis is suggested to minimize the interfering effects of papain with regards to primary drug screening.
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Wheatley, Pauline Ann. "The development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of adulterant tissues in meat products." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258359.

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Henao, Margarita Maria Muñoz. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de método analí­tico para detecção de estimulantes em suplementos nutricionais adulterados." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9141/tde-21022018-173653/.

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A adição fraudulenta de ativos farmacêuticos em suplementos nutricionais é um problema mundial. É comum encontrar mensagens sobre perda de peso, aumento da capacidade intelectual e/ou física, e estímulo sexual na embalagem de suplementos adulterados com fármacos sintéticos ocultos em formulações aparentemente inofensivas para os usuários. No Brasil, a disponibilidade de dados sobre a adulteração de suplementos nutricionais é escassa. No presente trabalho, foi desenvolvido e aplicado um método analítico empregando cromatografia gasosa com detector de nitrogênio fósforo (GC-NPD) para a detecção, identificação e quantificação de estimulantes/anorexígenos não declarados nos rótulos de suplementos alimentares, tais como: cafeína, femproporex, anfepramona, fenfluramina, sibutramina, fentermina, efedrina, fenilpropanolamina, pseudoefedrina e 4- metilhexan-2-amina. A técnica de extração/solubilização com metanol foi utilizada, ressaltando a utilização de baixa quantidade de amostra, solvente e padrões de estimulantes. Após o desenvolvimento e validação do método, as análises foram aplicadas em amostras de suplementos nutricionais obtidos em lojas especializadas em suplementos, de diversas partes do estado de São Paulo (n=125). Das 125 amostras de suplemento nutricional analisadas, 38 delas (30%) apresentaram resultado positivo para alguma das substâncias de interesse, dentre elas, sibutramina, cafeína e efedrina mediante a metodologia escolhida. As amostras positivas foram posteriormente analisadas qualitativamente por LC-MS/MS, no propósito de confirmar o resultado positivo obtido. A técnica analítica empregada proporciona seletividade, linearidade, precisão, exatidão, recuperação e limites em conformidade ao objetivo que foram destinadas. Os métodos de preparo de amostra desenvolvidos e validados demonstraram ser simples, práticos, eficientes e diferenciados pelo baixo uso de amostra e solvente.
The fraudulent addition of active pharmaceutical compounds in nutritional supplements is, indeed, a worldwide problem. Often, it can be found several advertisements on various supplement packaging assuring weight loss, increased intellectual and/or physical capacity and sexual stimulation. These products may have been \'spiked\' with synthetic drugs containing formulations which are apparently harmless to users. In Brazil, the availability of data about adulteration of nutritional supplements is scarce. In the present work, an analytical method using gas chromatography coupled with a nitrogen-phosphorus detector (GC-NPD) was developed and applied for the detection, identification and quantification of undeclared stimulants and/or anorectic agents in food supplement labels, such as: caffeine, fenproporex, amfepramone, fenfluramine, sibutramine, phentermine, ephedrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine e 4- metilhexan -2- amine. The extraction/solubilization with methanol presented satisfactory results, emphasizing the use of low amount of sample, solvent and standards of analytes. After the development and validation, the method was applied in samples of nutritional supplements obtained from specialty stores in various parts of the state of São Paulo (n = 125). From the 125 nutritional supplement samples analyzed, 38 of them (30%) presented positive results for some of the substances of interest, among them sibutramine, caffeine and ephedrine according to the chosen methodology. The positive samples were subsequently analyzed qualitatively by LCMS / MS, in order to confirm the positive result obtained. The analytical technique employed provides selectivity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery and limits in accordance with the intended purpose. The sample preparation methods developed and validated to be simple, practical, efficient and differentiated by the low sample and solvent usage.
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Oliveira, Anderson Caldeira de. "Caracteriza??o de amostras de coca?na apreendidas no munic?pio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais." UFVJM, 2017. http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1571.

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Linha de pesquisa: Tecnologia e vigil?ncia em sa?de.
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O Brasil encontra-se entre os pa?ses de maior consumo de coca?na no mundo. As quest?es relacionadas ao uso da coca?na provocam preocupa??es, uma vez que s?o acompanhadas de consequ?ncias que atingem m?ltiplas dimens?es da sociedade moderna. Os problemas associados ao tr?fico e ao consumo de drogas est?o difundidos por todo o pa?s, alcan?ando, inclusive, munic?pios de pequeno porte. A presen?a de adulterantes pode ocasionar rea??es inesperadas bem como potencializar os danos ? sa?de dos usu?rios. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar amostras de coca?na apreendidas no munic?pio de Diamantina, Minas Gerais, quanto ao teor de coca?na e presen?a de adulterantes. Em uma primeira etapa do trabalho, foi validada uma metodologia anal?tica para quantifica??o de coca?na em amostras apreendidas com uso da Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada ? Espectrometria de Massas com monitoramento de ?ons selecionados (selected-ion monitoring - SIM) (CG-EM-SIM). Em uma segunda etapa, foram analisadas cento e vinte e nove amostras, sendo destas sessenta e sete apreendidas na forma de p? e sessenta e duas como crack. Foram realizadas an?lises para a identifica??o de adulterantes e para determina??o do teor de coca?na nas amostras, sendo a identifica??o de adulterantes realizada por Cromatografia Gasosa acoplada Espectrometria de Massas (CG-EM), no modo full scan, e a quantifica??o da coca?na por CG-EM?SIM. Foi realizada a compara??o do teor m?dio entre as amostras apreendidas na forma p? e de crack pelo teste U de Mann-Whitney. A fenacetina foi o principal adulterante encontrado. Outros adulterantes como benzoca?na, cafe?na, levamisol, lidoca?na e proca?na tamb?m foram detectados. As amostras apreendidas como crack apresentaram not?rio predom?nio da fenacetina como adulterante. O teor de coca?na das amostras estudadas apresentou varia??o dentro de um amplo intervalo (0-93%). Os teores m?dios de coca?na observados para as formas de p? e de crack foram, respectivamente, 31,7% e 54,3%, sendo tais valores estatisticamente distintos. A vigil?ncia em rela??o ?s caracter?sticas de drogas il?citas deve ser uma atividade cont?nua para fornecer aos ?rg?os de controle e de sa?de p?blica elementos de aux?lio ?s atividades de repress?o e tamb?m para tomadas de decis?o e de diagn?stico por parte dos profissionais de sa?de que lidam com atendimento aos usu?rios de drogas. As informa??es obtidas neste trabalho poder?o contribuir para futuras a??es de educa??o e conscientiza??o em rela??o aos riscos associados ao uso de drogas.
Disserta??o (Mestrado Profissional) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Sa?de, Sociedade e Ambiente, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2017.
Brazil is among the countries with the highest cocaine use in the world. The issues related to cocaine use raise concerns, since they are accompanied by consequences that affect the modern society multiple dimensions. The problems associated with illicit trafficking and drug abuse are widespread throughout the country, reaching small towns. The adulterants presence can cause unexpected reactions as well as potentiate the damages to the users? health. This study aimed to characterize the cocaine samples seized in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, regarding the cocaine content and the adulterants presence. In the study?s first phase, an analytical methodology was validated for the cocaine quantification in samples seized using Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometry with Selected-Ion Monitoring (GC-MS-SIM). In a second phase, one hundred and twenty-nine samples were analyzed, from which sixty-seven were seized as powder and sixty-two as crack. Analyzes were performed to identify adulterants and to determine the cocaine content in the samples. The identification of adulterants were carried out by a Gas Chromatography coupled to a Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) in the full scan mode, and quantification of cocaine contend by GC-MS-SIM. The mean content comparison between the samples seized as powder and crack was performed by the Mann-Whitney U test. Phenacetin was the main adulterant found. Other adulterants such as benzocaine, caffeine, levamisole, lidocaine and procaine were also detected. The samples seized as crack showed a predominance of phenacetin as adulterant. The cocaine content of the samples studied varied within a wide range (0-93%). The average cocaine contents observed for the powder and crack forms were, respectively, 31,7% and 54,3%, and these values were statistically different. The surveillance in relation to the illicit drugs characteristics should be a continuous activity to provide control to the public health agencies with support elements for repression activities, as well as decision-making and diagnosis by the health professionals dealing with the drug users? care. The information obtained in this study may contribute to the future education and awareness actions regarding the risks associated with the drug use.
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Martini, Mariele. "Determinação de fármacos sintéticos em formulações farmacêuticas empregando métodos eletroquímicos e de separação." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4253.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The adulteration of natural pharmaceutical formulations using synthetic drugs has increased in the last years.Adulterations have been reported in the literature, which proves the increasing concern regarding this issue, and thus raising the development of analytic methodologies that are able to detect adulterations. This study describes the development of three methodologies for the determination of five synthetic drugs classes (anorexics, antidepressants, anxiolytics, diuretic, and laxatives) in natural formulations.Two methods were developed for screening samples using voltammetry of immobilized microparticles (VIM), and cathodic stripping voltammetry (AdCSV). Another method wasdeveloped for the separation and identification of 16 drugs of 5 different classes - anorexics (amfepramone, sibutramine, and femproporex), antidepressants (bupropion, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline), anxiolytics (alprazolam, bromazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, midazolam, and clonazepam), diuretic (furosemide), and laxatives (phenolphthalein and bisacodyl) - using ion-pair chromatography (IPC). The optimized conditions for the separation were as follows, eluent: tetrahydrofuran/acetronitrile/water (5/10/85) with 0.14 mol L-1 of dodecyl sodium sulfate, in pH 4, initial flow of 1.2 mL min-1, using a C18 column. The eluent s concentration and flow varied during the application of the gradient. The IMV method was applied in the screening of 49 pharmaceutical formulation samples, and 15 presented adulterations with anorectic, anxiolytic, and diuretic drugs. The CSV method was used in the screening of 99 samples, and 5 presented adulterations with anxiolytic and laxative drugs. The separation method was applied in 18 samples, and 3 presented adulterations with phenolphthalein (laxative).Both screening methods developed here were efficient in tracking samples, presenting advantages, such as speed and low reagent consumption. The separation method was validated according to linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, selectivity, precision, and analytic accuracy. Therefore, this method can be used to determine the adulterations presented here in natural pharmaceutical formulations.
A adulteração de formulações farmacêuticas naturais com fármacos sintéticos tem aumentado muito nos últimos anos. Os casos de adulteração têm sido relatados na literatura, comprovando que existe uma maior preocupação com relação a este problema, o que implica no desenvolvimento de métodos analíticos capazes de detectá-los. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de três metodos para a determinação de fármacos sintéticos da classe dos anorexígenos, antidepressivos, ansiolíticos, diuréticos e laxantes em formulações naturais. Foram desenvolvidos dois métodos para os screening de amostras, usando voltametria de micropartículas imobilizadas (VIM) e voltametria de redissolução catódica (AdCSV). E um método de separação para identificação a quantificação de 16 fármacos de cinco classes diferentes, anorexígenos (anfepramona e sibutramina e femproporex), antidepressivos (bupropiona, fluoxetina, paroxetina e sertralina), ansiolíticos (alprazolam, bromazepam, flurazepam, lorazepam, clordiazepóxido, diazepam, midazolam e clonazepam), diurético (furosemida) e laxantes (fenolftaleína e bisacodil), usando cromatografia de par iônico (IPC). As condições otimizadas para a separação, eluente: tetrahidrofurano/acetonitrila/água, (5/10/85), contendo 0,14 mol L-1 de dodecil sulfato de sódio, em pH 4,0, fluxo incial de 1,2 mL/minuto, usando coluna C18. A concentração do eluente e o fluxo variaram durante a aplicação do gradiente. O método VIM foi aplicado no screening de 49 amostras de formulações farmacêuticas e dentre estas, 15 apresentaram adulteração por fármacos da classe dos anorexígenos, ansiolitios e diuréticos. O método AdCSV foi aplicado no screening de 99 amostras e destas, 5 apresentaram adulteração por fármacos da classe dos ansiolíticos e laxantes. O método de separação foi aplicado em 18 amostras e destas, 3 apresentaram adulteração pela fenolftaleína da classe dos laxantes. Os dois métodos de screening desenvolvidos mostram-se eficientes para o rastreio de amostras, apresentando vantagens como, rapidez e baixo consumo de reagentes. O método de separação foi validado nos parâmetros de linearidade, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, seletividade, precisão e exatidão analítica, podendo ser empregado na determinação destas substâncias como adulterantes em formulações farmacêuticas naturais.
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Martini, Mariele. "Desenvolvimento de metodologia para a determinação de farmácos sintéticos em formulações fitoterápicas emagrecedoras empregando eletroforese capilar." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10467.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
The adulteration of phytotherapeutic formulations used for weight loss with synthetic pharmaceuticals has been increasing in recent years. The cases of adulteration have been reported in the literature, showing that there is a great concern about this problem, which involves the development of analytical methodologies able to detect them. This paper describes the development of a method for the simultaneous determination of amfepramone, fenproporex, sibutramine and fluoxetine by using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) in a homemade capillary electrophoretic system. The optimized conditions for separation of the pharmaceuticals by CZE-C4D were the following: 50 mmol L-1 phosphate buffer (pH 5.0) containing acetonitrile 50% (v/v) as working electrolyte, separation potential of -15 kV, separation temperature of 25 °C, hydrodynamic injection by gravity (20 cm left side elevation for 60 s). The C4D detection was performed by using a homemade detector, which employs a sinusoidal wave generator operating at 600 kHz frequency and 2 Vpp wave amplitude. The CZE-C4D method was validated for the determination of amfepramone, fenproporex, sibutramine and fluoxetine and it was applied to the analysis of phytotherapeutic formulations used for weight loss, which have been purchased in different commercial pharmacies in the city of Santa Maria. This method was fit in the analysis of four synthetic drugs studied, with a wide linear response range (10 to 500 mg L-1), low detection limits (4 to 5 mg L-1), precision (6 to 9 %) and accuracy (95 to 112 %) . The recovery experiments were carried out in the samples and the recovery values ranged between 80 and 120 % for all the studied samples. The developed method showed high sensitivity, selectivity and analytical precision and it can be used for determining these substances as contaminants in herbal natural formulations. It also an important alternative to the federal control agencies due to its simplicity, rapidity and low cost of analysis considering the small quantities of reagents and samples used.
A adulteração de formulações fitoterápicas emagrecedoras com fármacos sintéticos tem aumentado muito nos últimos anos. Os casos de adulteração têm sido relatados na literatura, comprovando que existe uma maior preocupação com relação a este problema, o que implica no desenvolvimento de metodologias analíticas capazes de detectá-los. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de um método para a determinação simultânea de anfepramona, femproporex, sibutramina e fluoxetina empregando eletroforese capilar de zona (CZE) com detecção condutométrica sem contato capacitivamente acoplada (C4D), usando um sistema de eletroforese capilar construído em laboratório. As condições otimizadas para a separação dos fármacos por CZE-C4D foram as seguintes: eletrólito de trabalho tampão fosfato (pH 5,0) 50 mmol.L-1 contendo acetonitrila 50% (v/v), potencial de separação -15 kV, temperatura de separação 25 °C, injeção hidrodinâmica por gravidade com altura de injeção de 20 cm durante 60 s. A detecção por C4D foi realizada usando um detector construído em laboratório, que emprega um gerador de onda senoidal operando a uma freqüência de 600 kHz e amplitude de onda de 2 Vpp. O método de CZE-C4D foi validado para a determinação de anfepramona, femproporex, sibutramina e fluoxetina e empregado na análise de formulações fitoterápicas emagrecedoras adquiridas em diferentes farmácias de manipulação na cidade de Santa Maria. Este método mostrou-se adequado na análise dos quatro fármacos sintéticos estudados, apresentando uma ampla faixa linear de trabalho (10 a 500 mg L-1), baixos limites de detecção (4 a 5 mg L-1), precisão (6 a 9%) e exatidão (95 a 112%). Os ensaios de recuperação realizados promoveram recuperações entre 80 e 120% para os fármacos sintéticos estudados. O método desenvolvido apresentou alta sensibilidade, seletividade e precisão analítica, podendo ser empregado na determinação destas substâncias como adulterantes em formulações fitoterápicas, tornando-se uma alternativa para órgãos fiscalizadores devido a sua simplicidade, rapidez e baixo custo de análise devido às quantidades reduzidas de reagentes e amostras utilizadas.
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Moreira, Ana Paula Lançanova. "DETERMINAÇÃO CROMATOGRÁFICA E ELETROFORÉTICA DE DIURÉTICOS E LAXANTES EM FORMULAÇÕES FARMACÊUTICAS A BASE DE PLANTAS MEDICINAIS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5914.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The use of herbal medicines as an alternative treatment has increased by the belief that natural products do not cause damage to health. However cases in which natural products are added of synthetic drugs not declared, presumably to enhance the effectiveness them have been reported in the literature. In the case of weight loss formulations the main adulterants found are appetite suppressants, antidepressants, benzodiazepines, diuretics and laxatives. The identification of these frauds is only possible by applying the analytical methods able to detect the presence of adulterants in the formulations. This paper describes the development of two methods employing separation techniques with electrochemical detection for the determination of diuretics and laxatives as adulterants in herbal products. The method employing capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with contactless conductivity detection (C4D) allows the simultaneous determination of amiloride, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide and phenolphthalein in the following optimized conditions: working electrolyte phosphate buffer 20 mmol L-1 (pH 9.2) containing 30% methanol (v/v) separation potential -15 kV, temperature 25 °C, injection hydrodynamic by gravity in 20 cm for 60 seconds. The method employing ion pair chromatography (IPC) with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) allows the determination of hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone and furosemide on the following conditions: mobile phase phosphate buffer 5 mmol L-1 (pH 4.5) containing SDS 0.3 mmol L-1 and 50% methanol (v/v), sample potential of +0.8 V, the cleaning potential of -0.2 V and +1.0 V, and flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Both methods were validated in the parameters of linearity, limit of detection limit of quantification, precision, accuracy and selectivity, and were applied in the analysis of 26 samples of natural weight loss products purchased from pharmacies in nine Brazilian states. In three of 26 samples were identified the presence of illegal diuretic hydrochlorothiazide in concentrations ranging from 0.6 to 7.0 mg/capsule. In addition, five other samples called naturals contained declared on the label of the packaging the presence of synthetic diuretics hydrochlorothiazide or furosemide. Both methods were able to identify the adulterants present in samples with high selectivity and sensitivity. Furthermore, they presented very approximate results in the concentration of adulterants found in the formulations. There is still no unified regulation established by the government for control of herbal products. Each country has its laws, but the marketing is global. Maybe this is the reason why the adulteration of natural products has been a recurring practice in various parts of the world. Therefore, effective regulation for the natural products can result in the reduction of these offenses, and punishment of offenders, thus ensuring the rights of consumers to make quality treatment, safe and effective, without prejudice to health. Keywords: Pharmaceutical formulations, adulterants, diuretics, laxatives, methods of separation, electrochemical detection.
O uso de ervas medicinais como tratamento alternativo tem crescido por se acreditar que produtos naturais não causam danos à saúde. No entanto casos de adulteração de produtos naturais com adição não declarada de fármacos sintéticos, presumidamente para aumentar a eficácia dos mesmos, têm sido relatados na literatura. No caso de formulações emagrecedoras os principais adulterantes já encontrados são anorexígenos, antidepressivos, benzodiazepínicos, diuréticos e laxantes. A identificação destas fraudes só é possível com a aplicação de metodologias analíticas capazes de detectar a presença destes adulterantes nas formulações. Este trabalho descreve o desenvolvimento de duas metodologias empregando técnicas de separação com detecção eletroquímica para a determinação de diuréticos e laxantes como adulterantes em produtos naturais. O método empregando eletroforese capilar de zona (CZE) com detecção por condutividade sem contato (C4D) permite a determinação simultânea de amilorida, clortalidona, hidroclorotiazida, furosemida e fenolftaleína nas condições otimizadas: eletrólito de trabalho tampão fosfato 20 mmol L-1 (pH 9,2) contendo metanol 30% (v/v), potencial de separação -15 Kv, temperatura 25 °C; injeção hidrodinâmica por gravidade em 20 cm durante 60 s. O método empregando cromatografia de par iônico (IPC) com detecção por amperometria pulsada (PAD) permite a determinação de hidroclorotiazida, clortalidona e furosemida nas seguintes condições: fase móvel tampão fosfato 5 mmol L-1 (pH 4,5) contendo SDS 0,3 mmol L-1 e metanol 50% (v/v); potencial de amostragem de +0,8 V; potenciais de limpeza de -0,2 V e +1,0 V; e fluxo de 1,0 mL/min. Os dois métodos foram validados nos parâmetros de linearidade, limite de detecção, limite de quantificação, precisão, exatidão e seletividade e, foram aplicados na análise de 26 amostras de produtos naturais emagrecedores adquiridos de farmácias de manipulação de nove estados brasileiros. Em três das 26 amostras foi identificada a presença ilegal do diurético hidroclorotiazida em concentrações que variaram de 0,6 a 7,0 mg/cápsula. Além disso, outras cinco amostras ditas naturais continham declarado no rótulo das embalagens a presença dos diuréticos sintéticos hidroclorotiazida ou furosemida. Os dois métodos foram capazes de identificar os adulterantes presentes nas amostras com alta seletividade e sensibilidade. Além disso, apresentaram resultados bastante aproximados com relação às concentrações encontradas dos adulterantes nas formulações. Ainda não existe uma regulamentação unificada estabelecida pelos órgãos governamentais para o controle de produtos fitoterápicos. Cada país tem a sua legislação, porém a comercialização destes produtos é globalizada. Talvez por isso a adulteração de produtos naturais vem sendo uma prática recorrente em diversas partes do mundo. Logo, uma regulamentação efetiva para os produtos de origem natural, pode resultar na redução destas infrações, ou punição dos infratores, garantindo assim os direitos dos consumidores de realizar um tratamento de qualidade, seguro e eficaz, sem prejuízo à saúde.
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Bortoluzzi, Mariana Rocha. "IDENTIFICAÇÃO E QUANTIFICAÇÃO DE FÁRMACOS HIPOGLICEMIANTES EM FORMULAÇÕES FARMACÊUTICAS DE BASE VEGETAL USADAS NO TRATAMENTO DO Diabetes Mellitus: VALIDAÇÃO DE UMA METODOLOGIA ANALÍTICA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6049.

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Diabetes Mellitus is considered a disease in ascension worldwide. In Brazil, the rate of diabetes increased by 40% in the last six years. The use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diabetes has great relevance, as a chronic treatment, by seem harmless and be easily accessible for the population. The literature highlights the presence of drugs in herbal formulations used in the treatment of diabetes, which can lead to serious consequences such as metabolic acidosis and severe hypoglycemia. In the last decade, the ANVISA has intensified the control and concern with the market for herbal medicines in Brazil. As a consequence, it is demanded the development of methodologies for detection of the hypoglycemic drugs added as contaminants in vegetable-based formulations used in the treatment of diabetes. In this sense the present study developed and validated a method by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for determination of some hypoglycemic adulterants. Mobile phase was composed of 0.1% phosphoric acid (pH 2.0) (90%:0%) and acetonitrile (10%:100%) The following conditions were defined; column C18; 230 nm; and flow rate of 0.5 mL. min-1 to 0.9 ml. min-1, 20 minutes of analysis. Another method based on capillary electrophoresis, MEKC UV, was tested to analyse the same hypoglycemic agents. However, the conditions studied did not present acceptable results. The method based on HPLC UV proved to be suitable for the simultaneous determination of metformin, glipizide, chlorpropamide, gliclazide, glibenclamide and glimepririda and it showed low limits of detection and quantification, besides to be specific, precise, exact and linear (p < 0.01), within the determined range (2.5 - 15mg L-1). After validation, the HPLC UV method was applied in the analysis of twenty samples acquired in the national market. Among the samples analyzed were not detected the presence of adulterants validated in this work.
Diabetes Mellitus (tipo II) é considerada uma doença em ascensão no mundo inteiro. No Brasil, o índice de diabéticos cresceu 40% em seis anos. O uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento desta patologia crônica tem grande relevância, por parecer inofensivo e ser de fácil acesso à população. A literatura destaca que é possível encontrar a presença de fármacos em formulações fitoterápicas utilizadas no tratamento do diabetes, podendo trazer consequências graves, como acidose metabólica e hipoglicemia grave. Na última década a Anvisa tem intensificado a fiscalização e a preocupação com o mercado de fitoterápicos no Brasil. Para tanto, se torna grande a procura por metodologias capazes de detectar fármacos hipoglicemiantes adicionados de forma ilegal em formulações de base vegetal utilizadas no tratamento do Diabetes Mellitus (tipo II). Neste sentido no presente trabalho foi desenvolvido e validado um método por Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência com detecção ultravioleta (HPLC-UV) para determinação de adulterantes hipoglicemiantes. Foram definidas as seguintes condições: fase móvel ácido fosfórico 0,1% (pH 2,0) (90% a 0%) acetonitrila (10% a 100%); coluna C18; 230 nm; e fluxo de 0,5 mL. min-1 a 0,9 mL. min-1, com menos de 20 minutos de análise. Outro método, através de Cromatografia Capilar de Eletrocinética Micelar (MEKC-UV) foi utilizado para análise destes hipoglicemiantes, porém não se obteve resultados aceitáveis. O método por HPLC-UV mostrou-se adequado para a determinação simultânea dos fármacos metformina, glipizida, clorpropamida, glicazida, glibenclamida e glimepririda, visto que apresentou baixos limites de detecção e quantificação, além de mostrar-se específico, preciso, exato e linear (p< 0,01), dentro do intervalo testado (2,5 15 mg. L-1). Após a validação, o método HPLC-UV foi aplicado na análise de vinte amostras adquiridas no mercado nacional, dentre estas não foram detectados a presença dos adulterantes pesquisados.
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Hannon, Sarrah. "Analysis of cocaine adulterants and their metabolites in real patient urine samples." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/12114.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University
Cocaine is one of the most common drugs of abuse in the United States today, but street-quality cocaine is decreasing in purity each year. This change in purity requires a shift in the focus of cocaine analysis in forensic laboratories. In recent years, many federal agencies have begun testing and profiling for the adulterants and diluents present in cocaine samples submitted as evidence. By analyzing the compounds present in the street-quality samples, forensic chemists may be able to track the cocaine back to its source, based on the unique identities of certain adulterants. Many of the adulterants currently being added to cocaine are dangerous on their own, even though they may enhance the effects of the cocaine. For this reason many doctors and forensic pathologists are interested in the identities of the adulterants present. Often times, a sample of the cocaine ingested may not be available for testing. Thus, there is a need for the development of methods to test for these adulterants and their metabolites in biological samples. The objective of this research is to develop extraction and instrumental analysis methods for several common cocaine adulterant metabolites, in an effort to create a geographical profile of human urine samples that tested positive for benzoylecgonine, a cocaine metabolite, and exploring the possible trends.
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Books on the topic "ADULTERANT"

1

Garg, Sunita. Substitute and adulterant plants. Delhi, India: Periodical Experts Book Agency, 1992.

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Wheatley, Pauline Ann. The development of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for the detection of adulterant tissues in meat products. Salford: University of Salford, 1989.

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Fontane, Theodor. L' adultera. München: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1991.

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Fontane, Theodor. L' Adultera. New York: P. Lang, 1990.

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Julio, Franklin. Sigue adulterando: (hecho real). [Uruguay: s.n], 1999.

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Fontane, Theodor. L' Adultera: Novelle. Stuttgart: Reclam, 2004.

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Pondé, Luiz Felipe. A filosofia da adultera: Ensaios selvagens. São Paulo, SP, Brasil: Leya, 2013.

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Impecable y diamantina: P.S. democracia adulterada y proyecto nacional. 2nd ed. Tijuana, B.C., México: Colegio de la Frontera Norte, 2009.

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L' Adultera: Fontanes Ehebruchsgestaltung, auch im europäischen Vergleich. Flensburg: Baltica, 2001.

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Herrera, Luis Alberto de. Por la verdad histórica: (cómo se han adulterado los hechos. Montevideo: Cámara de Representantes, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "ADULTERANT"

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Scorza, Cecilia, José Pedro Prieto, and Sara Fabius. "Caffeine as an Active Adulterant: Implication for Drugs of Abuse Consumption." In Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions, 1605–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92392-1_82.

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Scorza, Cecilia, José Pedro Prieto, and Sara Fabius. "Caffeine as an Active Adulterant: Implication for Drugs of Abuse Consumption." In Handbook of Substance Misuse and Addictions, 1–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_82-1.

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Cunha, Joana T., and Lucília Domingues. "RAPD/SCAR Approaches for Identification of Adulterant Breeds’ Milk in Dairy Products." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 183–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7060-5_13.

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Satheeshkumar, N., David Paul, and A. Lingesh. "Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS): Approaches to Adulterant Detection in Herbal Products." In Medicinal Plants - Recent Advances in Research and Development, 73–95. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1085-9_3.

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Gauer, Mayara Ananda, Camilo Bastos Ribeiro, William Gouvêa Buratto, and Waldir Nagel Schirmer. "Evaluating Gaseous Emissions and Performance of a Spark-Ignited Non-road Engine Fueled with Gasoline, Ethanol and Adulterant Blends." In Climate Change Management, 13–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57235-8_2.

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Irannejad, Neda, and Behzad Rezaei. "Electrochemical Sensors for Food Adulterants." In Biosensing and Micro-Nano Devices, 69–90. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8333-6_4.

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Li, Hui, Wenbo Chen, Yong Wang, Benu Adhikari, and Bo Wang. "Overview of Food Adulteration from the Biotechnological Perspective." In Biotechnological Approaches in Food Adulterants, 1–25. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429354557-1.

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Srivastava, Yashi, and Garima Srivastava. "Global Perspective of Sensors for the Detection of Food Adulterants." In Biotechnological Approaches in Food Adulterants, 239–81. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429354557-10.

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Pal, Ayantika, Rahul Das, Mayank Kumar, and Dijendra Nath Roy. "Application of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Advancement of Safety Issues of Foods." In Biotechnological Approaches in Food Adulterants, 282–307. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429354557-11.

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Verma, Madan L., Deepka Sharma, BS Dhanya, Meenu Thakur, Neha Sharma, Krishan D. Sharma, and Asim K. Jana. "Computing in Biotechnology for Food Adulterants." In Biotechnological Approaches in Food Adulterants, 308–35. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429354557-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "ADULTERANT"

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Mandal, Dipankar, Arpitam Chatterjee, and Bipan Tudu. "A machine vision based approach towards identification of adulterant in turmeric powder." In 2017 Third International Conference on Research in Computational Intelligence and Communication Networks (ICRCICN). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrcicn.2017.8234472.

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Azzahari, Najwa, Husni Hani Jameela Sapingi, Sumiaty Nazirah Mohd Razali, and Sumiaty Ambran. "Simulation of D-shaped Optical Fiber Sensor for Adulterant Traces in Liquid Petrochemical." In 2022 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eecsi56542.2022.9946492.

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Yuliantini, Anne, Atikah Rizkiya, and Fauzan Zei Muttaqin. "Fingerprint Analysis of Adulterant in Traditional Medicine of Orthosiphon aristatus Leaves Using FTIR Method." In 2nd Bakti Tunas Husada-Health Science International Conference (BTH-HSIC 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ahsr.k.200523.011.

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Das, Chirantan, Subhadip Chakraborty, Anupam Karmakar, and Sanatan Chattopadhyay. "On-chip detection and quantification of soap as an adulterant in milk employing electrical impedance spectroscopy." In 2018 International Symposium on Devices, Circuits and Systems (ISDCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isdcs.2018.8379634.

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5

Dutta, Aradhana, Bidyut Deka, and Partha Pratim Sahu. "Sensitivity enhancement of evanescent waveguide optical sensor for detecting adulterant traces in petroleum products using SiON technology." In 8th Ibero American Optics Meeting/11th Latin American Meeting on Optics, Lasers, and Applications, edited by Manuel Filipe P. C. Martins Costa. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2026242.

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Hensel, Steve J., and John K. Norkus. "Determination of the Airborne Release Fraction of a 3013 Container Subjected to a Fire." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-80936.

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Abstract Plutonium oxide bearing materials stabilized and packaged per DOE-STD-3013 are currently stored at the US Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) in a shipping package such as a 9975. All 3013 outer containers are designed identically, however, there are two fabrication techniques: machined and flow-formed. The 3013 container is removed from the shipping package and introduced into a glove box for subsequent direct can cutting of the outer and inner 3013 containers where the oxide is down blended with an inert adulterant for permanent disposition. The hypothetical accident of interest is a fire which occurs after the 3013 is removed from the shipping package and prior to it being cut open. This calculation determines the airborne release fraction (ARF) from a 3013 container during a fire by utilizing the calculation methodology from NUREG/CR-6410 and 3013 fire test data from Sandia National Laboratories.
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Hajslova, Jana, Enrico Valli, Klara Navratilova, and Tullia Gallina Toschi. "Metabolic fingerprinting strategies for authentication challenge: EVOO adulterated by soft deodorized olive oil." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/qepz3229.

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Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a high value commodity that might be subject of various fraudulent practices. One of them, addition of lower grade, soft-deodorized olive oil to EVOO has recently become of concern, as such adulterant detection is not an easy task. In this study, aqueous methanolic extracts of a unique set of authentic EVOOs, soft-deodorized oils and their admixtures obtained within the OLEUM EU project (http://www.oleumproject.eu/) were investigated. Using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-HRMS/MS) for metabolomic fingerprinting, followed by  multi-dimensional chemometric evaluation, ´marker ions´ were recognized. Some molecules identified, whose etiology must be investigated, were: the methyl ester of hydroxy octadecenoic acid and a ester derivative of oleic acid. As far as these markers can be confirmed as diagnostic, detection of soft-deodorized olive oil addition can be enabled through a simpler and highly sensitive target analysis employing high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QqQ-MS/MS).
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Khaliq, Hafiz Saad, Kashif Riaz, Muhammad Zubair, Ali Arif, and Muhammad Qasim Mehmood. "Biosensors for Identifying Hazardous Adulterants in Edibles." In 2019 8th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apcap47827.2019.9471987.

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Nallappan, Kathirvel, Jyotirmayee Dash, Shaumik Ray, and Bala Pesala. "Identification of adulterants in turmeric powder using terahertz spectroscopy." In 2013 38th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2013.6665688.

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Prabhath, G. W. K., W. G. C. Bandara, D. W. S. C. B. Dissanayake, H. M. V. R. Hearath, G. M. R. I. Godaliyadda, M. P. B. Ekanayake, S. M. D. Demini, and T. Madhujith. "Multispectral Imaging for Detection of Adulterants in Turmeric Powder." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sounding of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hise.2019.htu3b.3.

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