Journal articles on the topic 'Adult child sexual abuse victims'
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1
Mian, Marcellina, Peter Marton, Deborah Lebaron, and David Birtwistle. "Familial Risk Factors Associated with Intrafamilial and Extrafamilial Sexual abuse of three to Five Year Old Girls." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 6 (August 1994): 348–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900606.
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This study intended to identify familial risk factors which differentiate sexually abused young girls from nonabused girls and, further, young victims of intrafamilial from those of extrafamilial sexual abuse. The subjects were 112 girls aged three to five years and their families. Forty-two were the victims of intrafamilial sexual abuse and 28 were victims of extrafamilial sexual abuse while 42 girls were not the victims of abuse. The three groups of girls were matched for age. Comparisons indicated that the families of abused girls had less harmony and stability in the marital unit and were headed by less competent parents. Mothers in both abuse groups were significantly more likely to have experienced sexual abuse as children. For all comparisons, the intrafamilial group showed greater disadvantage and dysfunction than the extrafamilial group. The intrafamilial group was differentiated from the extrafamilial group by worse spousal relationships, inadequate boundaries in parent-child behaviour, father's history of physical abuse as a child and violent behaviour as an adult and maternal disapproval of the child victim. These findings suggest that child sexual abuse is related to a longstanding collection of interconnected adult personal and relational deficiencies which result in inadequate parenting for the young victim.
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Melton, Heather C., and Summer Stewart. "Previously Unsubmitted Sexual Assault Kits: Characteristics of Kits with Victims under Eighteen." Abuse: An International Impact Journal 2, no. 1 (April 6, 2021): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37576/abuse.2021.016.
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1 ADD TO CART Sexual assault continues to be a major societal and criminal issue. Particularly detrimental is sexual assault committed against children. Children who experience a sexual assault are likely to suffer from multiple negative outcomes including increasing their risk for juvenile delinquency and mental health issues. A sexual assault kit is one tool that the criminal justice system uses to bring justice for victims and hold offenders accountable for their behaviour. It provides often vital evidence that can potentially be used in the prosecution of these cases. Yet it has become clear that many sexual assaults are never submitted to crime laboratories for processing. This paper explores previously unsubmitted sexual assault kits of child/adolescent victims. Characteristics of the victims, the case, and the police report are explored. Additionally, these kits are compared to kits with an adult victim to further our understanding of the problem. Findings include: over 20% of the unsubmitted sexual assault kits had a victim under 18, the highest number of unsubmitted kits for children were for victims between the ages of 15-17, the majority of child victims knew their offenders, and cases associated with child kits were more likely to be moved forward at the time of the original incident (without the kit being submitted) than adult cases. Ultimately, the goal is to improve our overall response to all victims of sexual assault.
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Barnett, Alan J. "Adult vicarious victims of child sexual abuse." Sexual and Marital Therapy 8, no. 1 (January 1993): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02674659308404502.
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Jonzon, Eva, and Frank Lindblad. "Adult Female Victims of Child Sexual Abuse." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 20, no. 6 (June 2005): 651–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260504272427.
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Goater, Nicky, and Karena Meehan. "Detection and awareness of child sexual abuse in adult psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 4 (April 1998): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.4.211.
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We investigated the detection and awareness of child sexual abuse by examining case notes. Child sexual abuse was recorded in 4.7% of cases. There was no evidence that enquiry about child sexual abuse or detection of the problem had increased in recent years, and recording of the details of abuse was rare. Victims received more psychological help and less medication than others. We conclude that awareness of the issue has not increased. Previous findings about child sexual abuse are rarely used in evaluation, and diagnosis and drug treatment may be overlooked in some victims.
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Sinclair, Barbara B., and Steven R. Gold. "The Psychological Impact of Withholding Disclosure of Child Sexual Abuse." Violence and Victims 12, no. 2 (January 1997): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.12.2.137.
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Researchers have found equivocal results with respect to whether the disclosure of child sexual abuse is helpful or not. The threat of harm as well as the possibility of being humiliated, not believed, or blamed, render the disclosure of child sexual abuse difficult for some victims. Suppressing of traumatic events has been linked to negative health effects. The current study investigated the relationship between the inability to fully disclose the abuse and subsequent traumatic symptomatology. Questionnaires including the Trauma Symptom Checklist 40, the Child Sexual Experiences Questionnaire, and the Parental Support Scale were completed by 204 victims of child sexual abuse. Multiple regression analyses were performed using traumatic symptomatology as the dependent variable. The extent to which a victim wanted to tell about the abuse but held back from doing so and the severity of the abuse were related to adult symptomatology. Findings suggest that victims enduring more severe abuse are more likely to hold back from fully disclosing the abuse which is associated with more trauma-related symptoms.
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Desai, Sujata, Ileana Arias, Martie P. Thompson, and Kathleen C. Basile. "Childhood Victimization and Subsequent Adult Revictimization Assessed in a Nationally Representative Sample of Women and Men." Violence and Victims 17, no. 6 (December 2002): 639–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.17.6.639.33725.
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The purpose of this study was to identify whether experiences of childhood physical and/or sexual victimization would increase women’s and men’s risk for victimization in adulthood by different perpetrators (any perpetrator regardless of the relationship to the victim; intimate partner perpetrator; non-intimate perpetrator) using a nationally representative sample. Results of hierarchical logistic regression analyses indicated that childhood victimization increased the risk for adulthood victimization by any perpetrator for men and women, and by an intimate partner for women but not men. Female and male victims of physical and/or sexual child abuse are at higher risk for adult victimization by non-intimate perpetrators. These results suggest the appropriateness of interventions among adults or young adults who have been victims of child abuse, to prevent any future victimization in adulthood. To guide the development of such prevention programs, research is needed to identify factors that affect the probability of adulthood victimization among child abuse victims.
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Ferragut, Marta, Margarita Ortiz-Tallo, and Maria J. Blanca. "Victims and Perpetrators of Child Sexual Abuse: Abusive Contact and Penetration Experiences." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 12, 2021): 9593. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189593.
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Child sexual abuse (CSA) includes abusive contact experiences, which habitually impact the victim’s whole life. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of six CSA experiences with physical contact, including penetration, in a representative sample of the Spanish population. Participants were 1071 Spanish adults (53% males; Mage: 45.37) who completed the Child Sexual Abuse Experiences Questionnaire. The victim’s age at the first episode, the perpetrator’s characteristics, and the number of times that each experience occurred were analyzed, taking into account gender differences. Results were reported for every experience independently. The most prevalent age at the first experience was from 6 years old onwards, but with differences in some experiences. The abuses usually happened more than once, committed by the same person. The most prevalent perpetrator is a male, although a female perpetrator is more prevalent in male victims. Most of the abuses were committed by an adult acquaintance, a strange adult, and other minors, with some gender differences. The implications of the results concerning every CSA experience are discussed, highlighting their value for future research and practice, the design of preventive programs, and early detection of CSA.
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Zainudin, Nurul Farhana Binti, and Zakiah Binti Mohamad Ashari. "A Meta-Analysis: The Effects of Child Sexual Abuse Towards Children." Asian Social Science 14, no. 11 (October 22, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n11p69.
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Recently, cases of sexual abuse against children became a phenomena and it is a traumatic events that give a deep impact towards the victim. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to conduct a meta- analysis on a published researched about effects of child sexual abuse towards children. There were 20 journal articles collected from Science Direct, SpringerLink, Willey Online Library and Web of Science databases with the keywords ‘child sexual abused’ ‘behavior’, ‘emotional’, ‘social’ and ‘academic’ being used. The year of papers selected were from 2010 until 2017. The researcher differentiated and analyzed the effect of child sexual abuse toward four themes: internalizing and externalizing behavior, emotional regulation, suicidal behavior and academic achievement and performance. The findings from this study shown that child with previous experiences as victims in child abuse display internalizing and externalizing behavior and poor on academic achievement and performance. The findings also shown that the sexually abused children especially girls has low emotional regulation and the victims also had suicidal ideation and suicidal attempt. The implication from this study was to provide the insight for future researchers on the effects of child sexual abuse in behavior, emotional, social and academic aspects. Since this study only focused on the effect of sexual abuse towards children, it was suggested that for future researches, the effects of sexual abuse towards different range of age such as adult with history of sexual abused should be further investigated and more effects apart from behavioral, emotional, social and academic should be considered.
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Parker, Seymour, and Hilda Parker. "Female victims of child sexual abuse: Adult adjustment." Journal of Family Violence 6, no. 2 (June 1991): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00978718.
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Spataro, Josie, Paul E. Mullen, Philip M. Burgess, David L. Wells, and Simon A. Moss. "Impact of child sexual abuse on mental health." British Journal of Psychiatry 184, no. 5 (May 2004): 416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.184.5.416.
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BackgroundThe lack of prospective studies and data on male victims leaves major questions regarding associations between child sexual abuse and subsequent psychopathology.AimsTo examine the association between child sexual abuse in both boys and girls and subsequent treatment for mental disorder using a prospective cohort design.MethodChildren (n=16L2; 1327 female) ascertained as sexually abused at the time had their histories of mental health treatment established by data linkage and compared with the general population of the same age over a specified period.ResultsBoth male and female victims of abuse had significantly higher rates of psychiatric treatment during the study period than general population controls (12.4% v. 3.6%). Rates were higher for childhood mental disorders, personality disorders, anxiety disorders and major affective disorders, but not for schizophrenia. Male victims were significantly more likely to have had treatment than females (22.8% v. 10.2%).ConclusionsThis prospective study demonstrates an association between child sexual abuse validated at the time and a subsequent increase in rates of childhood and adult mental disorders.
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Mandoki, Catalina A., and Barry R. Burkhart. "Sexual Victimization: Is There a Vicious Cycle?1." Violence and Victims 4, no. 3 (January 1989): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.4.3.179.
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A review of the literature on sexual abuse suggests that many women are repeatedly victimized. To examine the relationship between child and adult sexual victimization, 282 female undergraduates completed questionnaires describing child and adult incidents of sexual abuse. Personality measures (e.g., assertiveness, dependency, self-esteem, and attributional style) and situational variables (family background, and dating and sexual history) were measured to assess their relationship to victimization. Child victimization did not directly predict adult victimization; however, the number of both child and adult victimizations was related to the number of adult consensual sexual partners. A pattern of repeated adult victimization was identified for a group of victims of adult sexual abuse; however, such multiple victimization was not associated with any of the predicted personality variables. Further investigation of women who have been victimized as children and as adults and of adults who present with repeated victimization was identified as a necessary area for further research.
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Benjo O. Paca. "From Vulnerability to Security: A Journey of Survival from Childhood Sexual Abuse." Journal of Educational and Human Resource Development (JEHRD) 9 (December 30, 2021): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.61569/0rvewh94.
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This study delves into the experiences of adult survivors from childhood sexual abuse in the province of Southern Leyte. It aims to look into the negative experiences of the adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse as well as the coping mechanisms they use to overcome traumatic experiences. Through a qualitative research using Collaizi’s descriptive phenomenological data analysis, six emergent themes were identified. The identified themes cover the following: 1) Vulnerability comes when non- abusive guardians are away; 2) helplessness is learned; 3) late disclosure of the abusive acts, 4) security from the abusers’ comeback; 5) therapy with a sexually abused child and; 6) resiliency in adversity. The findings indicated that both the non-abusive guardian who trusted their female child to a male guardian and those who have knowledge about child sexual abuse but failed to report to the police have participation in the occurrence of sexual abuse. Hence, our study recommended for criminalizing their act as a proactive response. The study also suggests that the police officers who responded to child abuse cases should consider more weight on providing security than to give justice to the victim. A further research on the intervention received by the victims of childhood sexual abuse from the police officers and social workers might contribute to the value added by this study.
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Cirillo, Stefano. "Il bambino abusato diventa adulto: riflessioni su alcune situazioni trattate." TERAPIA FAMILIARE, no. 91 (December 2009): 161–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tf2009-091010.
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- The author analyses some clinical cases in order to reflect upon the varying consequences of child sexual abuse on the development of abused males. Three distinct cases observed in clinical population are discussed. The typical victim's transformation into offender, the persistent tendency in victims to perpetuate the role of victim and the persistent tendency in the brothers' female victims to perpetuate the role of the spectator. The attachment system (provided both by the protective parent and by the abusing parent) plays a key role in the abused child's development related to the dimension of fear produced by the traumatic event.
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Rakovec-Felser, Zlatka, and Lea Vidovič. "Maternal Perceptions Of And Responses To Child Sexual Abuse." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjph-2016-0017.
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Abstract Background Several researches indicate that most child victims delay disclosing of sexual abuse for significant periods of time. There are numerous reasons as to why children are avoiding the disclosure of the abuse. The aim of this study was to determine how a mother’s response to a child’s allegations impacts the child’s willingness to disclose sexual abuse. Methods We conducted a retrospective quantitative and qualitative analysis of 73 court-referred cases of child sexual abuse which have been disclosed in Slovenia in the last ten years. All the child victims included in the study were female and the perpetrators adult male persons. The expert opinions were made by the same expert. Results We realized that, at the occurrence of abuse, the child victims were from 4 to 15 years old and their mean age was at 11. 5 years. About two-thirds of children were victims of the intra-familial type (61.6%) and a little more than one third of extra-familial type of sexual abuse (38.4%). The group of victims with the support of their mothers needed about 9 months to disclose the secret, while the delay of the disclosure in the cases without the support of mothers was much longer (M=6.9 years). Conclusion For female child victims of sexual abuse the perceived protective attitude of their mothers is very important. Especially when the sexual abuse happened in the family, the mother’s support can attribute to stop the ongoing abuse, eliminate its immediate effects and decrease its likely negative long-term outcome.
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Lee, Hyeri. "미국법상 미성년자 성적 침해에 대한 민사소송의 소멸시효제도." Wonkwang University Legal Research Institute 39, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22397/wlri.2023.39.2.75.
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In the case of sexual infringement against a minor, even if the victim muster up the courage to face the memory of past sexual violence and try to heal the wounds through legal remedies after becoming an adult, the civil statute of limitations has expired since the sexual infringement occurred long time ago. There is a problem of not being able to file a lawsuit due to the statute of limitation. In particular, in the case of sexual infringement against minors, in many cases, the perpetrator is a family member, teacher, religious person, etc. The victim, a minor, is economically and emotionally dependent on the perpetrator, so they do not easily think of filing civil lawsuits even as adults. Fortunately, South Korea established Article 766, Paragraph 3 of the Civil Act in 2020, and legislative improvements have been made so that the statute of limitations does not proceed until a minor becomes an adult in the case of sexual infringement. However, despite these good intentions, there are still limits to the relief, so this article will examine the US system. First of all, in the United States, state and federal laws operate different statute of limitations, and since the 1980s, the discovery rule has been applied so that victims can file lawsuits even after a considerable amount of time has elapsed after they become adults. For example, if the victim of a sexual assault is a minor and the victim has not yet discovered the injury after reaching adulthood, from the time he or she discovers the injury and the causal relationship between the injury and the sexual assault Legislative examples such as the requirement to file a claim for damages within four years reflect the discovery principle. However, despite these laws, there are many cases where the requirements are not met, and the relief of victims has not been smoothly carried out. Thus, California and New York State further extended the statute of limitations, and furthermore, through window legislation, even if the statute of limitations had expired, a period of one or two years was allowed to file a civil lawsuit. This legislation provides an opportunity to sue the victims of Jeffrey Epstein's decades of sexual exploitation of minors. The United States Supreme Court has ruled that the Windows Act is not unconstitutional. While retroactive legislation is “an identifiable injustice”, civil actions based on sexual abuse of minors are rather reasonable in light of the injustice done to the victims. Under these retroactive legislation, some religious organizations are actively raising their own funds for the relief of victims, and are paying settlements on the condition that they do not file a lawsuit against the religious organizations. The basis for such retroactive legislation is that if society has previously borne the cost of damages incurred to the victim, the perpetrator must bear the cost.
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Cantón-Cortés, David, María Rosario Cortés, and José Cantón. "Child Sexual Abuse and Suicidal Ideation: The Differential Role of Attachment and Emotional Security in the Family System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 9 (May 2, 2020): 3163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093163.
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The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of attachment style and emotional security in the family system on suicidal ideation in a sample of young adult female victims of child sexual abuse (CSA). The possible effects of CSA characteristics and other types of child abuse on suicidal ideation were controlled for. The sample consisted of 188 female college students who had been victims of sexual abuse before the age of 18, as well as 188 randomly selected participants who had not experienced CSA. The results showed that both attachment and emotional security were associated with suicidal ideation, even when controlling for both the characteristics of abuse and the existence of other abuses. The strong relationships of emotional security and attachment style with suicidal ideation suggest the importance of early intervention with children who have been sexually abused and their families, in an effort to optimize their attachment style, as well as to decrease emotional insecurity to prevent the onset of symptomatology related to suicidal ideation.
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Perez-Laras, Linda R., Melissa Marzán-Rodríguez, and Linda Laras. "17890 Cardiovascular risk factors in victims of child sexual abuse." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.743.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: The impact of this study is to encourage health professionals to screen for violent experiences as potential risk factors for CVD and adapt interventions from the non-abused in children as in adults. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: This study aims to assess the relationship between child sexual abuse and cardiovascular risk factors (CVDRF) that present in children. The objectives will provide the prevalence of CVDRF, their association with types of sexual victimization, and a score to assess the impact. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This study is a chart review, cross-sectional study. The Puerto Rico Health Justice Center (PRHJC) is a forensic, transdisciplinary, victim-centered, trauma-informed, and evidence-based service. The demographic variables collected are age, sex; the cardiovascular risk factors variables include a level of physical activity, tobacco exposure/alcohol, vital signs (blood pressure, BMI), lipid profile, and C-reactive protein. Sexual violence variables are the type of victimization (sexual assault, sexual molestation), the number of victimizations, and the relationship with the offender. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: A previous study, which examined types of evidence related to the prosecution of sexual violence cases, found that among female victims, 54% was a victim of sexual assault, and 59% had at least one health concern. The study’s hypothesis includes that older and female victims have a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors. Also, children victims of sexual assault will have more cardiovascular risk factors than victims of sexual molestation. The age group, sex, number of victimizations, and relationship with the offender will also impact the relationship between the type of victimization and cardiovascular risk factors. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Early identification of child sexual abuse is needed to prevent long-term health impacts. The study’s results will be significant in developing clinical guidelines for health care providers to identify child sexual abuse as a predictor of cardiovascular risk factors and encourage victim advocates to identify cardiovascular risk factors.
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Bethuel, Ramphabana Livhuwani, and Rapholo Selelo Frank. "Challenges That Vhavenḓa Child Victims of Sexual Abuse Endure as a Result of Delayed Disclosure." Social Sciences 12, no. 7 (June 26, 2023): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci12070372.
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While child sexual abuse (CSA) has been declared a public health concern worldwide, the continuous problem is the delayed disclosure that affects child victims in many ways. It poses profound health, psychological and social challenges for child victims. This qualitative study explored and described the challenges that Vhavenḓa child victims of CSA endure as a result of delayed disclosure. Five adult survivors of CSA, seven caregivers of survivors of CSA, four social workers, two educators and two traditional leaders were purposefully selected to participate in the study. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and thereafter it was arranged and analysed thematically with the assistance of the NVivo software. Findings reveal that, due to the emotional implications of the abuse, the Vhavenḓa child victims of sexual abuse endure a number of behavioural, social and academic challenges that tremendously affect their well-being, even in their adulthood. It is therefore recommended that vigorous awareness campaigns on CSA within the Vhavenḓa communities be conducted to mitigate the delayed disclosure of sexual abuse.
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von Fraunhofer, Nicola. "Working with the victims: adult survivors of child sexual abuse." Psychiatry 5, no. 7 (July 2006): 248–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.mppsy.2006.04.005.
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Apriadi and Tomy Dwi Cahyono. "PERLINDUNGAN ANAK PEREMPUAN KORBAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA." JURNAL PSIMAWA 2, no. 1 (December 5, 2019): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36761/jp.v2i1.441.
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Sexual abuse on children has become a national issue in Indonesia, especially for girls who are more vulnerable to sexual abuse by adult. Therefore, guidance and protection of children's rights is needed, especially in guaranteeing their social, mental and physical development. The purpose of this study was to determine the problems and efforts to protect children, the victims of sexual abuse in Sumbawa Regency. The method used to achieve the goal is to use a qualitative approach with the type of descriptive research that is describing the problem of child victims of sexual abuse and protection efforts by the Sumbawa government. The results of this study are the protection of girls, the victims of sexual abuse in Sumbawa which has not been running optimally, due to several factors; (1) victims' families, especially those living in rural areas prefer to solve problems with a family based on shame, (2) limited field workers from P2TP2A or Sumbawa LPA so that they cannot reach victims in remote areas, (3) budget limitations especially for post mortem for victims for court purposes and the absence of a Safe House so that victims are returned to the family home.
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Ring, Sinead. "Trauma and the Construction of Suffering in Irish Historical Child Sexual Abuse Prosecutions." International Journal for Crime, Justice and Social Democracy 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v6i3.417.
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Adopting the special issue’s broad definition of criminal law reform, this article explores some of the ways the Irish criminal process is grappling with the demands for justice of adults who report childhood sexual abuse. In particular, it shows how the cultural notion of trauma is bound up with the construction of victims’ suffering. In historical child sexual abuse prosecutions, trauma is shown to be an effect of the abuse on the victim/survivor; a site of mediation of the relationship between the state and victims; and a site of mediation of the relationship between the state and its past. The article first explores these insights in relation to the law’s approach to questions of alleged procedural unfairness to defendants flowing from the passage of time. Trauma is exposed as both legitimating some forms of suffering, and disqualifying others. The article then employs the trope of trauma to expose the problems with current approaches to cross-examination of vulnerable victims and recent reforms of the rules on disclosure of victims’ counselling records. Finally, the article explores the possibilities of trauma discourse in thinking anew about how to address the suffering of victims of historical child sexual abuse.
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Scheflin, Alan W. "Risk Management in Treating Child Sexual Abuse Victims and Adult Survivors." Journal of Child Sexual Abuse 7, no. 1 (June 30, 1998): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j070v07n01_08.
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Flitter, Jill M. Klotz, Jon D. Elhai, and Steven N. Gold. "MMPI-2F scale elevations in adult victims of child sexual abuse." Journal of Traumatic Stress 16, no. 3 (June 2003): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1023700208696.
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Rumondor, Pingkan C. B. "Pengalaman Wanita Dewasa Muda Korban Child Sexual Abuse yang Telah Menikah: Studi Fenomenologis." Humaniora 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2012): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v3i1.3256.
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Article was aimed to clarify the young adult women’s experience as the victim of Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) who have got married. Qualitative method was applied with phenomenological approach. Analyasis used Interpretative Phenomeniological Analysis (IPA). Data were compiled by semi structured interview having open-ended and non-directive interviews. The research indicates eight themes that can be grouped into two big groups, those are experince before marriage and experience after marriage. Before marriage experience consists of “It’s just a game”, “ Guilty/self-hatred feeling ”, “Self-Punishment”, “Emotion Focused Coping: Lupain”. After marriage experience expresses “Flashback, ” “Leave me alone”, “Aku butuh cerita” dan “Life must go on”. The research’s findings hopefully will be useful for coubncellors, the spouses of CSA victims, and the other CSA victims.
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Trickett, Penelope K., and Frank W. Putnam. "Impact of Child Sexual Abuse on Females: Toward a Developmental, Psychobiological Integration." Psychological Science 4, no. 2 (March 1993): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00465.x.
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In the last decade, it has become clear that the sexual abuse of children is much more prevalent than previously realized and that such abuse has extensive mental health sequelae. Females are reported victims of sexual abuse much more often than males. The peak age of onset of sexual abuse for females is prepubertal—7 or 8 years of age—and the average duration fends to be about 2 years. The basic theme of this article is that there may be directly traceable mechanistic relationships between the impact of sexual abuse on specific psychological and biological developmental processes for females and some of the adult outcomes of that abuse. Specifically, it is proposed that, to understand the long-term impact of sexual abuse, it is necessary to investigate how it may interfere with both the psychological and the biological processes of pubertal development.
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Templeton, David J., and Angela Williams. "Current issues in the use of colposcopy for examination of sexual assault victims." Sexual Health 3, no. 1 (2006): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh05028.
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Colposcopic examination is considered the gold standard in child sexual abuse evaluations in Australia. However, there remain contentious issues with its use, especially in adult victims, which we sought to address by a review of the literature. Colposcopy has been shown to be a sensitive and acceptable tool for detection of anogenital abnormalities in children. The significance of some genital findings remains controversial, especially when images are interpreted by inexperienced clinicians. Its use in adult assessments is hampered by a lack of comparative studies on colposcopically detected genital injuries in adults following consensual v. non-consensual sexual intercourse. Further research is urgently needed before the use of colposcopy can be routinely recommended for adult victims.
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Ullman, Sarah E., and Leanne R. Brecklin. "Sexual Assault History and Health-Related Outcomes in a National Sample of Women." Psychology of Women Quarterly 27, no. 1 (March 2003): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-6402.t01-2-00006.
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This study examined correlates of past-year chronic medical conditions and lifetime contact with health care professionals for mental health and substance abuse problems in women with differing histories of sexual victimization ( N = 627) identified from the National Comorbidity Survey (e.g., assault in childhood, adulthood, or both life phases). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and stressful life events were associated with greater odds of chronic medical conditions among women sexually assaulted in childhood only. Additional traumatic events were associated with greater odds of chronic medical conditions among victims of adult sexual assault. Older age and being married were associated with greater odds of lifetime health care professional contact for mental health/substance abuse issues among certain victim subgroups. Stressful life events were related to greater help-seeking for child victims, and traumatic events were related to greater help-seeking in adult victims. Alcohol dependence symptoms and PTSD were each associated with greater odds of lifetime health care professional contact among women victimized in both life phases, whereas depression was related to greater odds of help-seeking for women victimized in one life phase only. Psychosocial factors may play unique roles in health outcomes for women with different sexual assault histories.
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Ogle, Christin M., Stephanie D. Block, Latonya S. Harris, Gail S. Goodman, Annarheen Pineda, Susan Timmer, Anthony Urquiza, and Karen J. Saywitz. "Autobiographical memory specificity in child sexual abuse victims." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2013): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412001083.
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AbstractThe present study examined the specificity of autobiographical memory in adolescents and adults with versus without child sexual abuse (CSA) histories. Eighty-five participants, approximately half of whom per age group had experienced CSA, were tested on the Autobiographical Memory Interview. Individual difference measures, including those for trauma-related psychopathology, were also administered. Findings revealed developmental differences in the relation between autobiographical memory specificity and CSA. Even with depression statistically controlled, reduced memory specificity in CSA victims relative to controls was observed among adolescents but not among adults. A higher number of posttraumatic stress disorder criteria met predicted more specific childhood memories in participants who reported CSA as their most traumatic life event. These findings contribute to the scientific understanding of childhood trauma and autobiographical memory functioning and underscore the importance of considering the role of age and degree of traumatization within the study of autobiographical memory.
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Hidayat, Nofan, Rihantoro Bayu Aji, and Taufiqurrahman Taufiqurrahman. "Penerapan Hukum Dalam Pertimbangan Hakim Untuk Menjatuhkan Putusan Dalam Perkara Pidana Terhadap Korban Anak." Law and Humanity 1, no. 2 (September 2, 2023): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37504/lh.v1i2.550.
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The crimes of sexual abuse against children often use social networks to fool his victims in various crimes. The average victim is a child under the age and the perpetrator is an adult, the crime sexual abuse causes deep trauma for the victim and require a long time to eliminate it to the children. With the absence of law, perpetrators of sexual abuse against children could be criminalized if they meet the elements as stated in the Criminal Code (KUHP) and the Child Protection Act. The method of approach in the research was used is the approach of the law of normative-empirical approach and legislation (statue approach), conceptual approach and the case approach. The results of this study stated that the panel of Judges aggravate the punishment against the Defendant by taking attention to the relationship between the Defendant and the victim as the students and teachers in educational institutions. In the verdict of the trial with the case of the crime of sexual abuse, the Defendant demanded punishment with Article 82 section (1) Jo Article 76E Law Number 35 of the year 2014 concerning amendment to Law Number 23 of the Year 2002 about Child Protection, Jo Article 82 section (4.5) and the article is additional regulation Number 01 of the year 2016 on the second amendment to Law Number 23 of the Year 2002 about Child Protection, jo Law Number 17 of the Year 2016 On the Determination of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 01 of the year 2016 on amendment to Law Number 23 of the Year 2002 On Child Protection with the threat of criminal for 20 (twenty) years and a fine of Rp 1.000.000.000,- this is because the Defendant is an educators/ educators, where should the defendant gave teachings, or education and provide a safe and comfortable against children, especially the victims of the crime of sexual abuse.
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Koeppel, Maria D. H., and Leana Bouffard. "Sexual Orientation, Child Abuse, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization." Violence and Victims 29, no. 3 (2014): 436–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00169.
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Research has consistently found rates of intimate partner violence (IPV) in nonheterosexual relationships to be comparable or higher than rates of IPV in heterosexual relationship. Less is understood about the relationship between child abuse, sexual orientation, and IPV victimization. The role of sexual orientation in the relationship between child abuse and IPV victimization is important to consider given research has found higher rates of childhood abuse among nonheterosexual individuals. In addition, the relationship between child abuse victimization and IPV victimization in adulthood has also been documented. This research extends the literature on IPV by comparing child abuse victimization as a predictor for IPV between heterosexual and nonheterosexual IPV victims. Using the National Violence Against Women Survey, this study used logistic regression models to find partial support for the hypothesis that nonheterosexuals who experience child abuse will be more likely to be IPV victims as adults than similarly situated heterosexuals.
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Walsh, Wendy A., Janis Wolak, Kaitlin Lounsbury, Susan Howley, Tonya Lippert, and Lawrence Thompson. "Lessons Learned: Conducting Research With Victims Portrayed in Sexual Abuse Images and Their Parents." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33, no. 24 (March 27, 2016): 3829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516640545.
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Victims portrayed in sexual abuse images may be resistant to participate in research because of embarrassment or shame due to the sensitive nature and potential permanency of images. No studies we are aware of explore reactions to participating in research after this type of crime. Telephone interviews were conducted with convenience samples of parents ( n = 46) and adolescents who were victims of child sexual abuse ( n = 11; some of whom were portrayed in sexual abuse images), and online surveys were completed by adult survivors depicted in abuse images ( N = 133). The first lesson was that few agencies tracked this type of crime. This lack of tracking raises the question as to what types of data should be collected and tracked as part of an investigation. The second lesson was that few victims at the two participating agencies had been portrayed in sexual abuse images (4%-5%). The third lesson was that once possible cases were identified, we found relatively high percentages of consent to contact and interview completions. This implies that researchers and service providers should not be hesitant about conducting research after an investigation of child sexual abuse. The fourth lesson was that the vast majority of participants reported not being upset by the questions. We hope that the data presented here will encourage agencies to reconsider the types of data being tracked and will encourage researchers to conduct in-depth research with populations that are often difficult to reach to continue improving the professional response to child victimization.
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Estévez, Ana, Nagore Ozerinjauregi, David Herrero-Fernández, and Paula Jauregui. "The Mediator Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Impulsive Symptoms in Female Survivors of CSA." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 4 (April 24, 2016): 763–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516645815.
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Child abuse is a traumatic experience that may have psychological consequences such as dysfunctional beliefs. The aim of this study was to analyze the impulsive behaviors (alcohol abuse, gambling, drug abuse, eating disorders, Internet abuse, videogame abuse, shopping and sex addiction) in sexual abuse survivors and to study the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the appearance of impulsive behaviors in adult female victims. The sample consisted of 182 adult women who had suffered childhood sexual abuse (CSA), mostly referred by associations for the treatment of childhood abuse and maltreatment. Sexual abuse was found to be positively related to the domains of Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy. Moreover, these domains were significantly related to impulsivity and impulsive behaviors. Finally, the Disconnection/Rejection domain was found to mediate between CSA and eating disorders and alcohol abuse. These results may provide important guidance for clinical intervention.
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Green, Arthur H. "Comparing Child Victims and Adult Survivors: Clues to the Pathogenesis of Child Sexual Abuse." Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis 23, no. 4 (December 1995): 655–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jaap.1.1995.23.4.655.
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Leclerc, Benoit, and Jean Proulx. "An Opportunity View of Child Sexual Offending: Investigating Nonpersuasion and Circumstances of Offending Through Criminological Lens." Sexual Abuse 30, no. 7 (September 5, 2017): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063217729158.
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The empirical evidence indicating that sexual offenders against children manipulate their victims to participate in sexual activities dominates the literature on sex offenders and their modus operandi. However, recent evidence suggests that a high proportion of these offenders do not try to persuade their victims for sexual contact in the first place by using coercion or manipulation but simply assault them when an opportunity arises. Using self-reported data from a sample of incarcerated adult sexual offenders against children, we investigate whether sexual offenses against children committed by the use of nonpersuasion are characterized by little planning and by offense features that are indicative of opportunistic offending. We also examine the interaction between the type of offending strategy and the context of abuse. Findings reveal that offenders using nonpersuasion do not seek out potential victims, but rather seize an opportunity to offend. The type of offending strategy also interacts with the context of abuse for most preoffense and offense variables. These interactions are informative of the conditions favoring opportunistic sex offending against children.
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Fix, Rebecca L., John Michael Falligant, Apryl A. Alexander, and Barry R. Burkhart. "Race and Victim Age Matter: Sexual Behaviors and Experiences Among Confined African American and European American Youth With Sexual and Nonsexual Offenses." Sexual Abuse 31, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 50–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063217720926.
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Previous research has found differences in sexual behavior and types of sexual offending by offense category and racial/ethnic group. The present study examined effects of offense category, victim age, and race/ethnicity on sexual behavior. Data from 561 confined adolescents adjudicated for illegal sexual behavior (AISBs) and adolescents adjudicated for illegal nonsexual behavior (AINBs) were included in the present study. A hierarchical multinomial logistic regression was run to test whether sexual experiences and behaviors differentially predicted AINBs, AISBs with child victims, and AISBs with peer/adult victims. Results supported the utility of distinguishing AISBs by victim age. Comparisons between AISBs and AINBs indicated AISBs had more sexual abuse and were more sexually restricted, whereas AINBs reported more sexual behavior, reflecting a finding potentially mirroring sexual development, sexual experiences, and caregiver approaches to discussing sexuality. Over 60% of AINBs and 30% of AISBs reported behaviors that could be classified as distribution of child pornography. Within the group of AISBs, select racial/ethnic group differences emerged such that European American participants were more likely to have had intrafamilial sexual experiences and were far less likely to have had vaginal intercourse than African American AISBs. Future directions and implications regarding policies related to sexual education and sexting are discussed.
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Turner, Heather A., Jennifer Vanderminden, David Finkelhor, and Sherry Hamby. "Child Neglect and the Broader Context of Child Victimization." Child Maltreatment 24, no. 3 (January 27, 2019): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077559518825312.
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Using a pooled data set of two waves of the National Surveys of Children’s Exposure to Violence, this study investigates links between indicators of socioeconomic resources and lifetime exposure to two different forms of child neglect (physical and supervisory), examines how neglect is associated with the risk of other types of victimization, and estimates the impact of neglect on trauma symptoms. Findings suggest that physical neglect is directly linked to economic stressors, while low parental education is consequential for both physical and supervisory neglect. Both types of neglect also were strongly associated with risk of other maltreatment and most other forms of victimization. Physical neglect was particularly strongly related to sexual abuse and witnessing sibling abuse, while supervisory neglect was most strongly related to risk for sexual victimization by a nonfamily adult. Although neglect is significantly associated with trauma symptoms, poly-victims had, by far, the highest levels of trauma symptoms.
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Cheasty, Marese, Anthony W. Clare, and Claire Collins. "Child sexual abuse - a predictor of persistent depression in adult rape and sexual assault victims." Journal of Mental Health 11, no. 1 (January 2002): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/096382301200041489.
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Ridwan, Muhammad Basitur. "Pertanggung Jawaban Pidana Terhadap Pemerkosa Anak Kandung." AL-MANHAJ: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i1.2436.
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The kid is a gift of God Almighty, we must safeguard and care for him since every child has the right to survive. The rising number of occurrences of adult sexual abuse of kids both at school and in public settings implies a lack of child protection, as well as having a directly recognized physical and psychological effect by children as victims of sexual abuse. Sexual abuse of kids must be resisted with solid action and halted as soon as feasible. Prevention may be done via sex education, not just by parents but also by other parties, including schools. Child protection measures must begin as early as possible, so that children may engage ideally in the growth of the country and state, since everyone who performs their acts must be accountable and punished according to their actions.
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Rice, Marnie E., Grant T. Harris, Carol Lang, and Terry C. Chaplin. "Adolescents Who Have Sexually Offended." Sexual Abuse 24, no. 2 (September 29, 2011): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1079063211404249.
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It is unclear whether deviant sexual preferences distinguish adolescents who commit sex offenses in the same way that such deviance characterizes adult sex offenders. We compared male adolescents (mean age = 15 at the time of a referral sex offense), matched adult sex offenders, and normal men (adult nonoffenders or nonsex offenders). We hypothesized the following: phallometric responses of the adolescents would be similar to those of adult sex offenders and would differ from normals; adolescents with male child victims would exhibit greater evidence of sexual deviance than those whose only victims were female children; among adolescents who had molested children, those with a history of sexual abuse would exhibit more evidence of sexual deviance than those with no such history; and phallometric measures would predict recidivism. With some notable exceptions or qualifications, results confirmed the hypotheses. Phallometry has valid clinical and research uses with adolescent males who commit serious sex offenses.
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Maulana, Ajmal. "Overview Of Criminal Law Against The Crime Of Law Of Minor Child (Case Study At Polres Wonosobo)." International Journal of Educational Research & Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (September 1, 2022): 1395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijersc.v3i4.455.
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The crime of obscenity is part of the crime against decency. Where obscene acts do not only occur in adults but also occur in minors. Either directly or indirectly, children who are victims of sexual abuse crimes experience various disturbances to themselves, both physical and non-physical, resulting from these events. In writing this thesis (the author discusses the problem of the factors that cause the occurrence of crimes of sexual abuse against minors and efforts to prevent and overcome them.Perpetrators of crimes of sexual abuse against minors in committing a crime are carried out in various ways to fulfil or achieve their sexual desires, not only children who are victims but children can sometimes become perpetrators of sexual abuse. The author concludes that the factors that can increase and influence the occurrence of criminal acts of sexual abuse against minors are environmental factors, cultural factors, economic factors, media factors, and psychological or psychological factors of the perpetrators.
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Littleton, Heather L., Amie E. Grills, and Katherine B. Drum. "Predicting Risky Sexual Behavior in Emerging Adulthood: Examination of a Moderated Mediation Model Among Child Sexual Abuse and Adult Sexual Assault Victims." Violence and Victims 29, no. 6 (2014): 981–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00067.
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Although having a sexual victimization history is associated with engaging in sexual risk behavior, the mechanisms whereby sexual victimization increases risk behavior are unclear. This study examined use of sex as an affect regulation strategy as a mediator of the relationship between depressive symptoms and sexual risk behavior among 1,616 sexually active college women as well as examined having a history of child sexual abuse (CSA), adolescent/adult sexual assault (ASA), or both (CSA/ASA) as moderators. Results supported the mediated model as well as moderated mediation, where depressive symptoms were more strongly associated with use of sex as an affect regulation strategy among ASA victims, and sex as an affect regulation strategy was more strongly related to sexual risk behavior for CSA/ASA victims.
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Hébert, Martine, Marc Tourigny, Mireille Cyr, Pierre McDuff, and Jacques Joly. "Prevalence of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Timing of Disclosure in a Representative Sample of Adults from Quebec." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 9 (September 2009): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674370905400908.
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Objective: Our study sought to explore patterns of disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA) in a sample of adult men and women. Method: A telephone survey conducted with a representative sample of adults ( n = 804) from Quebec assessed the prevalence of CSA and disclosure patterns. Analyses were carried out to determine whether disclosure groups differed in terms of psychological distress and symptoms of posttraumatic stress, and a logistic regression was used to examine factors associated with prompt disclosure. Results: Prevalence of CSA was 22.1% for women and 9.7% for men. About 1 survivor out of 5 had never disclosed the abuse, with men more likely not to have told anyone, than women. Only 21.2% of adults reported prompt disclosure (within a month of the first abusive event), while 57.5% delayed disclosure (more than 5 years after the first episode). CSA victims who never disclosed the abuse and those who delayed disclosure were more likely to obtain scores of psychological distress and posttraumatic stress achieving clinical levels, compared with adults without a history of CSA. In the multivariate analysis, experiencing CSA involving a perpetrator outside the immediate family and being female were factors independently associated with prompt disclosure. Conclusion: A significant number of adult women and men reported experiencing CSA, and most victims attested to either not disclosing or significantly delaying abuse disclosure.
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Grondin, Anne-Marie. "YOUTH VICTIMS, COMPETENT AGENTS: A SECOND OPINION ON SEXUAL VICTIMIZATION TRAUMA." International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 2, no. 3/4 (July 8, 2011): 450. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs23/420117759.
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<p>Michel Dorais’<em> </em>(2009) <em>Don’t tell: The sexual abuse of boys</em> showcases the testimonials of 30 males who experienced sexual abuse in their youth. Though insightful in its challenge to normative readings of child sexual abuse (CSA), Dorais’ compilation remains limiting in that victims’ experiences are continually (re)framed through the medicalized lenses of trauma and pathology, while young victims are represented as having been developmentally “damaged” as a result of their experiences. Using a postructural/discursive approach to ground my analyses, I argue that Dorais’ work parallels dominant CSA discourses, which pathologize already heavily stigmatized individuals, efface counter-narratives, essentialize trauma as an inherent and immovable attribute, and constrain the ability of former victims to transcend their victimization. This maintains these victims “in” trauma through the discourse of the trauma “in” them. Finally, I offer an alternative reading of the claims put forward by Dorais and his research participants to highlight young people’s own positions of power contra adult sexual aggressors and thereby draw out youth resistance. I do so in an effort to sketch out the beginnings of a framework that does more than pay lip service to the recognition of young people’s agency.</p>
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Eritsyan, K. Y., V. A. Odinokova, and M. M. Rusakova. "Situational Factors of Child Sexual Abuse." Psychology and Law 13, no. 3 (October 6, 2023): 44–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/psylaw.2023130304.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Certain aspects of child sexual abuse are well studied in Russia and elsewhere. These are, in particular, risk factor studies focused on the characteristics of children who have been victims of sexual abuse as well as those who have committed sexual abuse against children. Researchers pay insufficient attention to the situational factors under the influence of which the crime became possible. These include the parameters of the physical and social environment in which the child was at the time or during the commission of abuse, the characteristics of the offender that determined his or her access to the child, and situations in which monitoring of children’s safety was insufficient. Prevention strategies should include educating and informing parents, guardians, and children about the risks of violence, creating a safe environment for children in children’s organisations, and developing organisational measures focused on policies, practices, and strategies that can reduce the vulnerability of children and adolescents and enable all adults to play an active role in their protection.</p>
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Clites, Brian J. "Soul Murder." Exchange 48, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341530.
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Abstract This article explores the Catholic imaginaries of survivors of clergy sexual abuse by focusing on soul murder, a psychoanalytic concept that the survivor movement appropriated and which has now become central to Catholic survivors’ understandings of their trauma as children. Soul murder names the experience of child sexual abuse as the annihilation of a child’s network of relationships and the ongoing loss as adults of basic relational skills such as intimacy and trust. In addition to losing these social networks, clergy abuse victims frequently lose their relationship with God. This article provides examples of survivors’ efforts to resurrect their faith by reimagining and reconstructing their relationships with one another, God, the sacraments, and the Roman Catholic Church. Through their material culture, reform efforts, home liturgies, and protests, survivors embody a Catholic imaginary whose abundance both enabled their childhood abuse and gives meaning to their adult suffering.
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Yahaya, Ismail, Antonio Ponce De Leon, Olalekan A. Uthman, Joaquim J. F. Soares, and Gloria Macassa. "Childhood sexual abuse among girls and determinants of sexual risk behaviours in adult life in sub-Saharan Africa." Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research 7, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jacpr-04-2014-0121.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between child sexual abuse and sexual risk behaviours as well as its potential mediators. Design/methodology/approach – This cross-sectional study used data from a cross-sectional study from 12,800 women between 15 and 49 years of age included in the 2008 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to assess the association between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual risk behaviours. Findings – The authors found that CSA was directly associated with sexual risk behaviours. In addition, the association between CSA and sexual risk behaviour was also partially mediated by alcohol and cigarette use. Research limitations/implications – The results show that being abused in childhood is important for the subsequent development of sexual risk behaviours in adulthood and the association is mediated by alcohol and cigarette use. Practical implications – The results may be helpful for policy makers and health care planners in designing cultural sensitive public health intervention that will reduce the burden of CSA, its long-term effects (sexual risk behaviours) and intervening mediators that increase the risks. Social implications – These findings suggest that to reduce sexual risks, interventions to address sexual abuse needs to include other social problems (smoking, alcohol) that victims result to when faced with trauma. Originality/value – The current study is the only one so far in sub-Saharan Africa to have explored the relation between CSA and sexual risk behaviours using SEM.
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Reisinger, Doris. "Reproductive Abuse in the Context of Clergy Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church." Religions 13, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel13030198.
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In a significant number of cases, clerical sex offenders impregnate their victims and force them into hiding, abortion, or adoption. This phenomenon is referred to in this paper as reproductive abuse. Clearly, most victims of reproductive abuse are adults, but even among minor victims of clerical child abuse, between 1 and 10 percent may have experienced reproductive abuse. On the basis of pertinent studies, this paper explores archival material on several dozen allegations of reproductive abuse in the context of clergy sexual abuse of minors in the US Catholic Church. Besides some tentative estimates of the general frequency of the phenomenon, this paper offers a distinction of three different types of reproductive abuse and an analysis of the interplay of clericalist and secular misogyny, which appears to be largely responsible for the silencing of victims as well as for the impunity of perpetrators and leads to the invisibility of this phenomenon, despite the high importance attributed to reproductive issues in the Catholic context.
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Jarman and Lanskey. "‘A Poor Prospect Indeed’: The State’s Disavowal of Child Abuse Victims in Youth Custody, 1960–1990." Societies 9, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc9020027.
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Child abuse in youth custody in England and Wales is receiving an unprecedented degree of official attention. Historic allegations of abuse by staff in custodial institutions which held children are now being heard by the courts and by the Independent Inquiry into Child Sexual Abuse (IICSA), and some criminal trials have resulted in convictions. A persistent question prompted by these investigations is that of why the victims of custodial child abuse were for so long denied recognition as such, or any form of redress. Drawing on original documentary research, this article aims to explain why and how state authorities in England and Wales failed to recognise the victimisation of children held in penal institutions between 1960 and 1990, and argues that this failure constitutes a disavowal of the state’s responsibility. We show that the victims of custodial child abuse were the victims of state crimes by omission, because the state failed to recognise or to uphold a duty of care. We argue further that this was possible because the occupational cultures and custodial practices of penal institutions failed to recognise the structural and agentic vulnerabilities of children. Adult staff were granted enormous discretionary power which entitled them to act (and to define their actions) without effective constraint. These findings, we suggest, have implications for how custodial institutions for children should think about the kinds of abuse which are manifest today.
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Arthur, Raymond, and Lisa Down. "Preventing the Criminalisation of Children Who Have Been Victims of Group-Based Sexual Exploitation Involving Grooming Tactics—Understanding Child Sexual Exploitation as Enslavement." Journal of Criminal Law 83, no. 5 (September 23, 2019): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022018319879013.
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Recently the United Kingdom has been beset by a moral panic concerning gangs grooming girls for sexual exploitation. This moral panic derived from a number of well-publicised cases, the most infamous of which took place in Rochdale, Greater Manchester. Grooming children has been criminalised by section 15 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. Adult groomers face up to two years in prison and being automatically placed on the sex offenders register. The Act is intended to protect children from abuse and exploitation. However child victims who have been abused by gangs and coerced into offending may still be liable for prosecution for any offending they have engaged in. Fear of being prosecuted may stop victims coming forward and prevent survivors from moving on with their lives. Such children are often perceived as having made a choice and criminalised. The Modern Slavery Act 2015 was designed to combat modern slavery. Recognising child sexual exploitation as a form of slavery, could lead to victims being protected rather than criminalised themselves for these offences. This article will examine how the law can be reformulated to ensure protection of children from sexual exploitation and also ensuring children are not charged for committing crimes whilst being groomed or coerced. The article will consider the limitation of the statutory defence available under section 45 of the Modern Slavery Act 2015.