Relevant bibliographies by topics / Adult Attachment theory

Academic literature on the topic 'Adult Attachment theory'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 8 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Adult Attachment theory"

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Cassibba, Rosalinda, Giovanna Sette, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, and Marinus H. van IJzendoorn. "Attachment the Italian Way." European Psychologist 18, no. 1 (January 2013): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000128.

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In the present meta-analysis 627 Strange Situation Procedures (SSP; Ainsworth, Blehar, Waters, & Wall, 1978 ) from 17 Italian infant attachment studies and 2,258 Adult Attachment Interviews (AAI; Main, Kaplan, & Cassidy, 1985 ) from 50 Italian adult attachment studies were included. All studies were published between 1990 and 2009. Our aim was to test the universality hypothesis of attachment theory in this Italian database. Results indicated that the majority of nonclinical Italian infants were classified as securely attached (53%); similarly, the majority of nonclinical Italian adults were secure (60%). Although cross-cultural similarities provide evidence for the universality hypothesis of attachment theory, our meta-analysis revealed also interesting cultural specificities. First, nonclinical Italian infants’ distribution showed an overrepresentation of avoidant attachments compared to the normative distribution. Second, the underrepresentation of unresolved loss among Italian nonclinical adults was noteworthy.
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Hendrick, Clyde, and Susan S. Hendrick. "Attachment Theory and Close Adult Relationships." Psychological Inquiry 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0501_6.

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Haydon, Katherine C., Glenn I. Roisman, and Keith B. Burt. "In search of security: The latent structure of the Adult Attachment Interview revisited." Development and Psychopathology 24, no. 2 (April 17, 2012): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579412000181.

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AbstractBuilding on Roisman, Fraley, and Belsky, who produced evidence for two modestly correlated dimensions (i.e., dismissing and preoccupied states of mind) underlying individual differences in attachment as assessed by the Adult Attachment Interview using the Main and Goldwyn classification system, this report replicates and extends relevant evidence in a large sample of adults (N = 842) who completed the Adult Attachment Interview coded using Kobak's Adult Attachment Interview Q-Sort. Principal components analysis of item-level Q-Sort data yielded two state of mind (dismissing vs. free to evaluate and preoccupied vs. not) and two inferred experience (maternal and paternal) components that were associated with two domains of theoretical significance to attachment theory: interpersonal functioning in a romantic context and symptoms of psychopathology. Results revealed distinctive behavioral correlates of dismissing versus preoccupied states of mind and emphasize the differential predictive significance for developmental adaptation of attachment states of mind versus adults' recollections of their early experiences. Implications for adult attachment methodology and theory are discussed.
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Meredith, Pamela Joy. "Implications of adult attachment theory for chronic pain." Australian Occupational Therapy Journal 55, no. 4 (December 2008): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2007.00720.x.

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van IJzendoorn, Marinus H., and Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg. "Invariance of adult attachment across gender, age, culture, and socioeconomic status?" Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 27, no. 2 (March 2010): 200–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407509360908.

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Is attachment in adulthood associated with gender, age, culture, or socioeconomic context? There is a widely held belief that males and younger individuals exhibit a more avoidant or dismissive stance toward attachment experiences, as would subjects from individualized, Western societies and from poorer socio-economic environments. Distributions of Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) classifications in various gender, cultural, socioeconomic, and age groups were compared with the normative distribution of North American non-clinical Caucasian mothers (23% dismissing, 58% secure, 19% preoccupied) through analysis of correspondence. Indeed, adolescent and student samples contained a higher proportion of dismissing attachment classifications than the normative group. No gender differences were found in the use of dismissing versus preoccupied attachment strategies in relatively affluent social environments, and the AAI distributions were largely independent of language and country of origin. Most strikingly, low SES adolescent mothers showed the strongest over-representation of dismissing attachments, which supports the life history theory prediction that in harsh environments individuals adopt a quantity-oriented reproductive strategy in tandem with a dismissing view of attachment.
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Kraemer, Gary W. "A psychobiological theory of attachment." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 1992): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00069752.

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AbstractThis article describes a neurobiological basis for the “first attachment” of the primate infant to its caretaker. The infant normally internalizes a neurobiological “image” of the behavioral and emotional characteristics of its caregiver that later regulates important features of its brain function. Current models of sensorimotor analysis and its relation to emotion suggest that sensorimotor systems are also habit and memory systems, their functional status and lability regulated in part by biogenic amine systems. The intertwined development of neural and social functions can sometimes go awry. If the attachment process fails or the caregiver is incompetent, the infant may become socially dysfunctional. This helps explain the developmental psychopathology and later vulnerability to adult psychopathology that result from disruptions of social attachment.
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Shaver, Phillip R., and Mario Mikulincer. "New directions in attachment theory and research." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 27, no. 2 (March 2010): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407509360899.

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The goal of this special issue is to take stock of attachment theory and research as it applies to adolescent and adult relationships. We briefly summarize and comment on the 12 articles included in the issue, placing them into four thematic categories: (i) attachment theory and research viewed from a life history perspective; (ii) biological bases of attachment processes; (iii) relations between the attachment system and other behavioral systems; and (iv) extensions of attachment research in applied directions. Taken together, the 12 articles provide an exciting foundation for future research on attachment and further development of attachment theory.
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Ma, Kenneth. "Attachment theory in adult psychiatry. Part 1: Conceptualisations, measurement and clinical research findings." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 12, no. 6 (November 2006): 440–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.12.6.440.

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Since its original conception by Bowlby to explain an important evolutionary function of the child–caregiver relationship, attachment theory has been supported by much empirical research in a variety of settings. However, although attachment theory began as a clinical enterprise, its wider application to the everyday clinical understanding of adult mental health problems has lagged behind the available research. The theory can afford valuable insight not only into the developmental nature of common psychiatric disorders, but also into the development of the therapeutic relationship. This article gives an overview of (a) the current conceptualisations of attachment and the measurement of attachment for clinical research purposes and (b) the application of attachment theory to different psychopathologies. The importance of attachment to the therapeutic relationship will be discussed in a future article.
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West, Malcolm, and Adrienne Sheldon-Keller. "The Assessment of Dimensions Relevant to Adult Reciprocal Attachment*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 37, no. 9 (November 1992): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379203700902.

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The development and potential clinical uses of the Adult Attachment Dimensions Questionnaire is described. The seven scales of the Adult Attachment Dimensions Questionnaire relate to the aspects of a relationship formed to promote and maintain security. The underlying theory is founded on John Bowlby's work on the attachment behavioural system. The empirical validation was accomplished through three studies involving a clinical group and a non clinical group in a hospital setting and respondents to a community survey. Psychometric validation included measures of internal reliability, test-retest reliability, and construct validity through factor analysis. The resultant 35 item questionnaire should be useful to both clinicians and researchers interested in the characterization of the attachment system for adults.
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West, Malcolm, Adreenne Sheldon, and Linda Redtfer. "Attachment Theory and Brief Psychotherapy: Applying Current Research to Clinical Interventions." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 5 (June 1989): 369–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400503.

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Recent advances in attachment research provide a framework for defining the content and process of brief psychotherapy with adults. Attachment theory emphasizes a number of issues crucial to therapeutic work. Specifically, attachment relationships are enduring components of a individual's pattern of interpersonal behaviours. Functionally, attachment relationships address security needs. Insecure attachment arises from a representational model based on feared loss of the attachment figure, which predisposes the individual to have little confidence in the attachment figure's availability, responsiveness, and permanence. Behavioural responses to insecure attachment can lead to specific patterns of interpersonal relationships which, in turn, strengthen the representational model. Thus, a relatively stable, self-reinforcing system evolves and results in a consistent inability to experience security within attachment relationships. In this article, the authors describe the current framework for understanding adult attachment relationships and present clinical vignettes illustrating the saliency of attachment theory to common clinical presentations. The goal of the clinical intervention is defined as increasing the “permeability” of the individual's working model of attachment through affective and cognitive re-assessment of attachment experiences and expectations. Finally, the utility of this approach in evaluating the outcome and effectiveness of psychotherapy is highlighted.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adult Attachment theory"

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Loubser, Janie. "Attachment theory and adult intimate relationships." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1095.

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Shemmings, David. "Adult attachment theory and later life filial relationships." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396712.

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Merck, Rhea Ann M. "Transgenerational Patterns of Adult Attachment Relationships." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1996. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278195/.

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The purpose of the study is to examine adult attachment relationships among a group of college students and their parents. Two attachment hypotheses were tested: The mental model hypothesis for attachments with parents and romantic partners and the compensation hypothesis for attachment with God. Hypothesis 1 attempted to determine if there was agreement between parents and children about a self-reported attachment style. Support was found as students and parents had a significantly higher level of agreement when reporting a secure style of attachment between them, with sons being significantly highest. Hypothesis 2 examined agreement on attachment style between generations: Children's report of attachments to parents and parents' report of attachment to their parents. Results indicated that parents' reporting a secure style of attachment to their parents was significantly higher with their same gender parents. Hypothesis 3 produced two 15 x 15 correlation matrices including measures of romantic attachment and religiousness for children and parents. In general, further validity for measures used is provided in numerous expected correlations. Anxious and avoidant romantic attachment styles and desperate love were significantly positively related and were often negatively related to a secure style of attachment. Results indicate significant relationships between fathers' and children's (particularly daughters') romantic styles. The only significant correlation for mothers and sons was on religiousness; however, mothers and daughters, fathers and daughters, as well as mothers and fathers were all significantly positively correlated on religiousness. Hypothesis 4 results indicated that when there was disagreement with fathers on attachment style, children scored higher on a measure of religiousness, supporting the compensation hypothesis. Hypothesis 5 found that children with secure attachments to both parents and mothers with high importance of religion also scored significantly higher on importance of religion, supporting the mental model hypothesis. Overall, this study suggests that the mental model and compensation hypotheses do not compete, but rather, coexist in different contexts, perhaps with mediating events that discriminate between the two processes.
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Sander, Amy Janay Boswell. "Toward an integration of Beck's cognitive theory and Bowlby's attachment theory : self-schema and adult attachment classification in relation to depressive symptoms /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035975.

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Katafiasz, Heather Anne. "A Dyadic Examination of Intimate Partner Violence Using Bowen Family Systems Theory and Adult Romantic Attachment Theory." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354712628.

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Swiney, Laura Michelle. "The Relationship Between Childhood Attachment Style and Adult Dissociation." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1418136797.

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Apel, Sharon. "Communicating Forgiveness within Adult Sibling Relationships." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1251216612.

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Fricker, Julie, and n/a. "Predicting infidelity the role of attachment styles, lovestyles, and the investment model." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060828.095633.

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Infidelity violates a western norm that a range of interpersonal behaviours should remain exclusive in committed romantic relationships. Once exposed, the aftermath can be detrimental to all concerned. However, despite a cultural majority endorsing this belief and apprised of the potential consequences of its violations, infidelity or extradyadic relationships are widespread. Furthermore, individual differences in beliefs about what constitutes infidelity blur the boundaries of acceptable behaviour, making the concept of unfaithfulness difficult to fully describe. This variation in attitudes and behaviour, along with the consistent media attention infidelity attracts affirms the enigmatic nature of the behaviour. In response, an aim of the study was to clarify the construct of infidelity among a contemporary Australian sample. This was achieved in two ways. Firstly, the study examined beliefs and behaviours associated with unfaithfulness using qualitative (focus group) and largely quantitative (survey) data. Secondly, the study involved investigation of the association between infidelity and several individual, relationship and environmental variables. Differences in relationships and environmental conditions can be conceptualised within the theoretical framework of the investment model, while adult attachment theory and a lovestyles typology offer theoretical underpinnings to the study of individual differences. Specifically, the aim of this stage of the study was to examine how adult attachment styles (anxious, avoidant), lovestyles (eros, ludus, storge, mania, pragma, agape), relationship variables (satisfaction, investment, commitment), and an environmental variable (perceived alternatives) predicted infidelity. The sample comprised 243 women and 69 men between the ages of 18 and 60 years (M = 31.3 years, SD = 11.9) who were currently in a romantic relationship of at least one year or who had recently been in such a relationship. Participants completed measures pertaining to attachment, lovestyles and various aspects of relationship quality in addition to several measures of extradyadic behaviour. The study found that infidelity, as defined by respondents, was engaged in by 20% of individuals in their current relationships and by 42% of individuals in their previous relationships. Regarding the nature of infidelity, the current findings indicated that various sexual and emotional behaviours carried out with someone other than one's primary partner were considered unfaithful by the vast majority, while fantasy and flirting behaviours were generally seen as acceptable. It was noteworthy, however, that a substantial minority also viewed fantasy as unfaithful, underlining the inherent complexity of the construct. The hypotheses concerning the variables predicting infidelity were partially supported. Results suggested that individuals most likely to engage in extradyadic behaviour were those with an avoidant attachment style or a Ludus lovestyle, more perceived alternatives to their relationship, and most unexpectedly, higher levels of investment in their relationship. Conversely, those least likely to engage in these behaviours were those with an Eros Lovestyle and greater levels of commitment to their relationship. The study confirmed the prevalence of infidelity and emphasised the differential attitudes, behaviours and motivations associated with it. These differences are discussed in relation to the theories presented and an argument is made for research on infidelity to take a broader focus, one that includes the combined aspects of individuals, their relationships and the environment. Implications of these findings for individuals and couples and for the professionals who work with them are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.
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Briggs, Ian. "The Influence of Attachment Styles on Employee Engagement." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4271.

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The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the influence of adult attachment styles on the engagement of employees in an attempt to address increasing losses in U.S. work productivity. Researchers have documented that organizations able to maintain better manager-employee relationships demonstrated positive employee engagement and improved productivity. However, a distinct gap in the literature remains as to how organizational leaders can stimulate healthier manager-employee relationships. Adult attachment theory was used as the foundation to explore how employees' relationships with their immediate manager affect their work engagement. To address this question, a purposeful sample of 16 full time mid level employees who had a direct line reporting relationship to an immediate manager were selected from various industries across the United States. The Experiences of Close Relationship Relationship Structures questionnaire was used to assess the employee's attachment style prior to in-depth interviews being performed to gather rich data on their lived experiences. Interview data was analyzed using the modified 7-step Van Kaam method of phenomenological analysis. Two themes emerged: employees have a need for purpose and value, and employees require varying levels of dependency. These findings indicate that managers must cater to the attachment needs of the employee to positively address productivity losses. Implications for positive social change pertain to both the financial benefits derived from an increase in industry productivity and profitability levels due to improvements in employee engagement, as well as the recovery of employees' commitment to the workplace through the provision of a healthy work environment.
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Stern, Barry L. "Fear of intimacy, adult attachment theory, and the five-factor model of personality : a test of empirical convergence and incremental validity /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9951126.

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Books on the topic "Adult Attachment theory"

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Shemmings, David. Adult attachment theory. Norwich: School of Social Work and Psychosocial Studies, 2005.

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Attachment, intimacy, autonomy: Using attachment theory in adult psychotherapy. Northvale, N.J: J. Aronson, 1996.

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L, West Malcolm, ed. The adult attachment projective picture system: Attachment theory and assessment in adults. New York: Guilford Press, 2012.

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Yvonne, Shemmings, ed. Understanding disorganized attachment: Theory and practice for working with children and adults. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2011.

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Shemmings, David. Understanding disorganized attachment: Theory and practice for working with children and adults. Philadelphia: Jessica Kingsley Publishers, 2011.

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1922-, Lake Brian, and McCluskey Una 1949-, eds. Attachment therapy with adolescents and adults: Theory and practice post Bowlby. London: Karnac Books, 2009.

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Keelan, John Patrick Richard. Attachment theory and adult romantic relationships. 1994.

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Danquah, Adam. Attachment Theory in Adult Mental Health. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315883496.

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Watson, Marilyn. Attachment Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867263.003.0002.

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The origins of attachment theory and the work of John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth are described. Four types of child–parent attachment relationships—secure, insecure/anxious, insecure/ambivalent, and insecure/disorganized—are outlined along with the ways each type might manifest itself in the classroom. A longitudinal study, conducted by Alan Sroufe and his colleagues, of the development and effects on learning and interpersonal relationships of different child–parent attachment relationships is described. Teachers too have a history of attachment relationships that can affect how they relate to their students. The chapter describes adult attachment and how one’s attachment history might, positively or negatively, affect one’s ability to build positive, nurturing relationships with students. Specific examples of ways teachers can offset the negative effects of a student’s or their own history of insecure attachment are described.
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(Editor), W. Steven Rholes, and Jeffry A. Simpson (Editor), eds. Adult Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Implications. The Guilford Press, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Adult Attachment theory"

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Kenny, Maureen E., and Catherine E. Barton. "Attachment Theory and Research." In Handbook of Adult Development, 371–89. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0617-1_19.

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Bennett, Susanne, and Kathleen Holtz Deal. "Implications of Attachment Theory for Social Work Education." In Adult Attachment in Clinical Social Work, 253–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6241-6_13.

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Schore, Judith R., and Allan N. Schore. "Clinical Social Work and Regulation Theory: Implications of Neurobiological Models of Attachment." In Adult Attachment in Clinical Social Work, 57–75. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6241-6_4.

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Page, Timothy F. "Applications of Attachment Theory to Group Interventions: A Secure Base in Adulthood." In Adult Attachment in Clinical Social Work, 173–91. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6241-6_10.

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Bennett, Susanne, and Judith Kay Nelson. "Contemporary Theory and Research on Adult Attachment: Where is the Field Today?" In Adult Attachment in Clinical Social Work, 31–55. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6241-6_3.

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Gillath, Omri, Gery C. Karantzas, and R. Chris Fraley. "What Is Attachment Theory?" In Adult Attachment, 1–30. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-420020-3.00001-3.

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Mandelbaum, Toni. "Attachment theory." In Attachment and Adult Clinical Practice, 5–16. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003090878-1.

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"Attachment, the Reflective Self, and Borderline States: The Predictive Specificity of the Adult Attachment Interview and Pathological Emotional Development." In Attachment Theory, 245–90. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203728017-17.

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"Attachment Theory and the Therapeutic Frame." In Adult Attachment and Couple Psychotherapy, 109–28. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203137901-16.

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Manicavasagar, Vijaya, and Derrick Silove. "Adult separation anxiety and Attachment Theory." In Separation Anxiety Disorder in Adults, 63–73. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-812554-0.00005-x.

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Conference papers on the topic "Adult Attachment theory"

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"Psychological Analysis of Adult Attachment Based on Nine-Person Personality Theory." In 2020 International Conference on Educational Science. Scholar Publishing Group, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/proceedings.0000322.

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Mrázková, Kristína, and Elena Lisá. "THE WORKPLACE ATTACHMENT STYLES QUESTIONNAIRE IN SHORTENED 9-ITEM VERSION." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact051.

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"Introduction: Place attachment is multi-dimensional and depends on a reciprocal relationship between behavior and experience. It comes from environmental psychology, and it has its roots in the theory of attachment because of an emotional link between an individual and a place. The present paper aims to describe the psychometric characteristics of the Slovak version of The Workplace Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Srima, 2018). Methods: The original questionnaire consists of 15 items with a Likert scale ranging from totally disagree to agree. The research sample consisted of 645 working adults of a convenience sample, aged from 16 to 78 years, consisting of 54.9% women, from various work fields (finance, sales, education). We randomly divided the sample into two halves for separate studies. Results: In the first study with 323 adult participants, we used exploratory factor analysis to examine its construct validity. According to exploratory factor analysis, we reduced the 15-item questionnaire to a 9-item structure with three original factors: secure (AM = 6.23, SD = 2.32), dismissive (AM = 3.64, SD = 2.54), and preoccupied (AM = 3.64, SD = 2.31) workplace attachment styles, with an average internal consistency of 0.75. In the second study with 322 participants, we executed the confirmatory factor analysis, which confirmed the three-factor structure, with an average internal consistency of 0.65. Discussion: The results confirmed the original three-factor structure of The Workplace Attachment Styles Questionnaire with 9 original items instead of 15. This paper contributes to the shorter version of the Workplace Attachment Styles questionnaire adapted to the Slovak population. The study's limitations are the absence of other measurement tools that could verify the construct of workplace attachment itself (Adult Attachment in the Workplace, Experience in Close Relationship Questionnaire). That is also what is worth doing in the next research."
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Kiss, Virag Agnes, Nikolett Balsa-Budai, Mihaly Soos, and Zoltan Szakaly. "Examination of sustainable and health-conscious lifestyle among the Hungarian population based on the results of three research studies." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10206.

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The implementation of sustainable development and the associated values in consumer behavior is becoming more and more emphasized as well as increased attention to our health. In both of the two value dimensions, consumer interest is constantly increasing, and demand for healthy and sustainable products is growing. In our research, this trend was primarily investigated in the field of food consumption. The research was based on the segmentation theory of NMI’s LOHAS (Lifestyle of Health and Sustainability). The research consisted of three parts. First, in a representative national survey, we examined the attachment of Hungarian adult consumers to the aforementioned values (N = 1000), then high school students (N = 1000), and finally, university students (N = 298) were interviewed on the same topic. In each case, principal component analysis was used to isolate the individual value dimensions and then cluster analysis was used to identify the various segments. In all of the three studies, each group was significantly separated from each other by the values of health consciousness and sustainable development. Based on our results, it can be concluded that the younger age group is more strongly committed to the tested values than the older generation. As a result, younger generations can be considered a potential consumer market for products and services representing sustainability and health awareness. We believe that further European research of this topic would be useful for both the researchers and the business sector.
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Yang, Ning, Steven Deutsch, Eric G. Paterson, and Keefe B. Manning. "Numerical Study of Blood Flow at the End-to-Side Anastomosis of a Left Ventricular Assist Device for Adult Patients." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192745.

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Ventricular assist devices (VADs) have been used for years in adult patients with end-stage heart failure, during bridge-to-transplant, and they have recently shown promise in aiding in myocardial recovery [1]. While the fluid mechanics within VADs has been studied extensively [2], an area which must be more adequately addressed is the outflow cannula attached as an end-to-side anastomosis to the aorta. This attachment may lead to unnaturally high and low shear stresses, turbulence, flow separation, and stagnant flows. As a result, platelet activation and thrombus formation may occur. May-Newman et al. [3] developed a laminar, continuous, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to study how different outflow cannula anastomoses affect flow patterns in an adult aortic model. Turbulent flows, however, were not considered. The effects of the anastomosis on the flows in the secondary vessels were neglected as well. There is a lack of detailed description of the flow field across the cannulated adult aorta based on different VAD outflow cannula configurations and operating conditions. As a result, we have developed a comprehensive model to simulate turbulent blood flow in three-dimensional models of the cannulated adult aorta under continuous flow conditions and to study the impact of the secondary vessels on the aortic arch.
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Lesèche, G., G. Tobelem, J. Caen, and B. Andreassian. "ADULT HUMAN SAPHENOUS VEIN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS : ASSESMENT OF THEIR REPRODUCTIVE CAPACITY AND FUNCTIONAL INTEGRITY PRIOR TO IMPLANTATION ON A VASCULAR GRAFT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643359.

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Establishment of an intact functioning endothelial monolayer on a graft, at or near the time of implantation might be one of the ultimate requirement to get a biocompatible intravascular prosthesis. Following this hypothesis, endothelial cells from human stripped varicose veins were harvested with collagenase and grown on a human fibronectin matrix. The cultured cells (either in primary culture or throughout their lifespan in culture, 1 to 10 passages) exhibited characteristic cobblestone morphology and consistently displayed immunofluorescent staining for factor VUI-related antigen. Functional integrity of this endothelial cells was assayed by their ability to produce prostacyclin. After 15 minutes stimulation with 1 U/ml thrombin, production of 6 Keto PGF1α determined by Elisa was 17 ± 1.2 ng/106 cells. Proliferation was investigated in defined medium supplemented with various concentrations of serum (5 up Jto 30 %), ECGS (25 up to 150 μg/ml) and heparin (10−8 to 10−5M). Optimal growth required both, 100 μg/ml ECGS and 10−5M heparin, under these conditions cells culture achieved cell densities at confluence of 1.2 105 cells per square centimeter with doubling times of one day. Using I-heparin. a binding was demonstrated with an apparent Kd of 0.35 × 10−6 M. After characterization according to morphological, proliferative and functional criteria., cells were freezed at −80°C and ultimately used to coat polytetrafluoro-ethylene grafts (PTFE) which are currently used for vascular reconstructive surgery . Protein-treated material did allow cell attachment and growth to a confluent monolayer as assayed by light and scanning electron microscopy.These data suggested that i) stripped varicose veins provide a readily available source of adult human endothelial cell, ii) these cells grow vigorously in long-term culture when both ECGS and heparin are added to the culture medium, iii) they can adhere and grow to a confluent monolayer on vascular graft prior to implantation, iv) lining graft materials in vitro may be useful in improving the performance of small caliber vascular grafts according to prostacyclin production and surface bound heparin of these cells.
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6

Bussel, J. "FOR MODULATION AS A MEANS OF ELEVATING THE PLATELET COUNT IN ITP." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644761.

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ITP is an autoantibody-mediated disease which would logically be treated by decreasing the level of autoantibody. However, the most exciting developments in understanding the pathophysiology of the thrombocytopenia and its treatment involve a better understanding of the MPS FcR system and ways in which it can be modulated. This work has focussed on phagocytic paralysis or FcR blockade (FcRBl): the slowing of destruction of antibody-coated platelets despite the persistent presence of antibody on the surface of the platelet.Several areas have been explored in learning about the MPS system. Investigation by Kurlander among others have revealed that at least 2 FcR's exist on mononuclear phagocytes: one with high and one with low affinity for monomeric IgG. Study of the high affinity FcR expressed by circulating monocytes, by Schreiber among others, has explored the effect of Danazol to decrease the expression of this FcR. The clinical relevance of this receptor is uncertain however because it is saturated in vitro by physiologic concentrations of IgG. Unkeless defined the properties of the low affinity "immune complex" FcR, expressed on macrophages and neutrophils, via monoclonal antibody 3G8 (see below) which blocks ligand binding to this FcR. The exact roles of these two, and possibly more, FcR's are being explored. Another still unsolved controversy involves whether the interaction Fc portions of antibodies coating particles with FcR's is mediated by a conformational change of the Fc portion or by a multipoint attachment of several Fc parts.Studies by Mollison in the 60's demonstrated that the MPS had a limited capacity for removal of antibody-coated (red) cells. Shulman pursued MPS modulation by exploring the inhibition of thrombocytopenia caused by infusion of ITP plasma into normals. Kelton demonstrated that "compensated" ITP may be caused by a decreased clearance of antibody-coated cells and that the rate of clearance of antibody-coated cells may be correlated with rate of clearance of antibody-coated cells may be correlated with the intrinsic levels of IgG. Stossel investigated FcRBl as a mechanism of effect of corticosteroids and related it clinically. Subsequently intravenous gammaglobulin (IVGG) was introducedas a treatment of ITP and Fehr et al first demonstrated FcRBl as the mechanism of effect of IVGG. Exploration of the mechanism of the FcRBl caused by IVGGled Salama and Mueller-Eckhardt to demonstrate the therapeutic effect of I anti-D, which apparentlycoats RBC with antibody and causes their destruction atthe coats RBC with antibody and causes their destruction at the expense of antibody-coated platelets. A similar degree of FcRBl has been shown for aldometrelated to the development of antibody on RBC.Our studies, including Drs. Clarkson, Kimberly, Nachman, and Unkeless, have focussed on the role of the low affinity or "Immune complex" FcR by using monoclonal antibody 3G8 in vivo. An infusion of 1 mg/kg of 3G8 in chimpanzees caused a reproducible FcRBl demonstrable by a slowing of the destruction of antibody-coated RBC for > 10 days (JEM, 1986). Less effect of 3G8 to inhibit CIC removal was seen using DNA-anti-DNA as the immune complex. In view of the wel1-documented effects of IVGG infusion to create FcRBl, we infused 3G8 into 6 adults with refractory ITP (NEJM, 1986). Specifically these patients were refractory to all forms of conventional therapy including splenectomy, steroids, vinca alkaloid infusion, immunosuppressives and danazol . 3 of the 6 patients had peak platelet responses to >80,000/ul. The other 3 had short-lived platelet increases from 10 to 30,000/ul. These responses confirmed the effect of FcRBl, specifically of the low affinity FcR, to underlie a dramatic platelet increase in therapy of ITP. Surprisingly 3 of the patients had apparent longterm effects of this therapy demonstrable in 2 cases as a maintenance of the platelet count >20,0C0/ul without any further therapy and in 1 case as a clearly enhanced responsiveness to other therapies following 3G8 infusion. Since Natural Killer activity was (transiently) ablated by 3G8 infusion, we speculate that an alternation of regulation of (auto) antibody production by NK cells may be responsible for this effect and that FcR interactions include regulatory roles in addition to their primary function of removal of CIC.
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