Relevant bibliographies by topics / Adsorption of stray light

Academic literature on the topic 'Adsorption of stray light'

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Published: 23 September 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Adsorption of stray light"

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Zhao, Man, Mengying Shao, and Xiaohan Ma. "Adsorption of sulfamethoxazole by wheat straw-derived biochars in seawater." E3S Web of Conferences 251 (2021): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125102036.

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The excessive use of antibiotics in mariculture have resulted in high pollution burdens of antibiotics in marine environment. Biochars, as promising adsorbents, have been widely used in organic pollutant adsorption because of their good adsorption performance and stability. However, adsorption characteristic of antibiotics in seawater by biochar is not well known. Thus, the batch experiment for the adsorption of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was conducted using wheat straw-derived biochars and graphite (GR) under different initial concentration of SMX and different addition of adsorbent in seawater. The results showed that the wheat straw-derived biochars produced at 700 °C was the optimal adsorbent with the maximum removal rate (R) of 70.3%, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qe) of 1.03 mg g-1 and the maximum adsorption coefficient (Kd) of 0.182 L g-1. The Qe values increased with increasing the initial concentration of SMX, while R and Kd values of SMX decreased. The R values of SMX increased with the increasing dosage of adsorbents, while Qe and Kd values of SMX decreased. These findings will shed new light on the environmentally-friendly and low-cost adsorbent for controlling the antibiotic pollution in marine environment.
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Shahawy, Abeer El, Saedah R. Al-Mhyawi, Mahmoud F. Mubarak, Abdullah E. Mousa, and Ahmed H. Ragab. "Rice Straw as Green Waste in a HTiO2@AC/SiO2 Nanocomposite Synthesized as an Adsorbent and Photocatalytic Material for Chlorpyrifos Removal from Aqueous Solution." Catalysts 12, no. 7 (June 29, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12070714.

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A nano-HTiO2@activated carbon-amorphous silica nanocomposite catalyst (HTiO2@AC/SiO2) is utilized to photo breakdown catalytically and adsorb chlorpyrifos insecticide. SEM, TEM, and X-ray diffraction were used to examine HTiO2@AC/SiO2, synthesized through sol–gel synthesis. With an average size of 7–9 nm, the crystallized form of HTiO2 is the most common form found. At varied pH, catalyst doses, agitation speed, initial pesticide concentrations, contact periods, and temperatures, HTiO2@AC/SiO2 was examined for efficiency under visible light and in darkness. Because of the pseudo-second-order kinetics observed for chlorpyrifos, chemisorption is believed to dominate the adsorption process, as indicated by an estimated activation energy of 182.769 kJ/mol, which indicates that chemisorption dominates the adsorption process in this study. The maximal adsorption capacity of chlorpyrifos is 462.6 mg g−1, according to the Langmuir isotherms, which infer this value. When exposed to visible light, the adsorption capacity of HTiO2@AC/SiO2 increased somewhat as the temperature rose (283 k 323 k 373 k), indicating an exothermic change in Gibbs free energy during the process (−1.8 kJ/mol), enthalpy change (−6.02 kJ/mol), and entropy change (0.014 J/mol K), respectively, at 298.15 K. Negative (ΔS) describes a process with decreased unpredictability and suggests spontaneous adsorption. HTiO2@AC/SiO2 may be a promising material.
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Wang, Xin, Xuejiang Wang, Jianfu Zhao, Jie Chen, Jing Zhang, Jingke Song, and Jiayu Huang. "Bioframe synthesis of NF–TiO2/straw charcoal composites for enhanced adsorption-visible light photocatalytic degradation of RhB." RSC Advances 5, no. 82 (2015): 66611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra10639g.

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N–F codoped TiO2/straw charcoal composites (NF–TiO2/SC) were synthesized using a simple, bioframe-assisted sol–gel method and confirmed by XRD, SEM, EDX, TEM, N2 adsorption–desorption, Raman, FT-IR, XPS, and UV-vis DRS measurements.
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Xu, Yonggang, Tianxia Bai, Yubo Yan, Yunfeng Zhao, Ling Yuan, Peng Pan, and Zhen Jiang. "Enhanced removal of hexavalent chromium by different acid-modified biochar derived from corn straw: behavior and mechanism." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.290.

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Abstract It is of great significance to remove Cr(VI) from water as a result of its high toxicity. Biochar from corn straw was modified by different acids (HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4) to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. To estimate the removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) by the acid-modified biochars, batch experiments were performed in the light of contact time, Cr(VI) concentration, and pH, and the characteristics of acid-modified biochars before and after Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The adsorption kinetics of Cr(VI) by acid-modified biochars were consistent with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption isotherm obeyed the Freundlich model. Furthermore, the acid- modified biochars could supply more oxygen-containing functional groups (-COOH and -OH) as electron donor (e−) and hydrogen ion (H+) to enhance the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III), resulting in enhanced removal of Cr(VI). HNO3-modified biochar exhibited the highest removal efficiency of Cr(VI). In general, the acid modifition of biochar was an effective method to increase the removal of Cr(VI).
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Su, Yinyin, Binglu Zhao, Wei Xiao, and Runping Han. "Adsorption behavior of light green anionic dye using cationic surfactant-modified wheat straw in batch and column mode." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 20, no. 8 (February 26, 2013): 5558–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1571-7.

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GOODMAN, DOUGLAS. "Stray Light." Optics and Photonics News 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/opn.3.1.000052.

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Butman, Mikhail F., Nataliya E. Kochkina, Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov, and Karl W. Krämer. "Photocatalytic Activity of Fibrous Ti/Ce Oxides Obtained by Hydrothermal Impregnation of Short Flax Fibers." Molecules 26, no. 11 (June 3, 2021): 3399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26113399.

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Fibrous Ti/Ce oxide photocatalysts were prepared for the first time by a biomimetic solution process using short flax fibers (flax straw processing waste) as a biotemplate. Titanium polyhydroxy complex solutions with 3% and 5% cerium were used as precursors. Flax fibers were impregnated in an autoclave under hydrothermal conditions. Ti/Ce oxides were obtained from the biotemplate by annealing at 600 °C. The photocatalytic activity of the Ti/Ce oxides was studied by the adsorption and decomposition of the dye rhodamine B under UV irradiation. The photocatalytic decomposition of the dye was 50% and 75% faster for Ti/Ce oxides with 3% and 5% Ce, respectively, than for the analogous undoped fibrous TiO2. The morphologies, textures, and structures of the photocatalysts were studied by scanning electron microscopy, low temperature N2 adsorption/desorption, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and X-ray and XPS analytical methods. It was shown that the introduction of Ce into the precursor solution increased the surface irregularity of the Ti/Ce oxide crystallites compared to pure TiO2. This effect scaled with the Ce concentration. Ce improved the UV light absorption of the material. The Ti/Ce oxides contained Ce4+/Ce3+ pairs that played an important role in redox processes and intensified the photocatalytic activity.
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Goetz, Gregor, Katharina Hawlik, and Claudia Wild. "OP164 Extracorporeal Cytokine Adsorption Therapy: An Update Systematic Review Of Clinical Efficacy And Safety For Two Indications." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 37, S1 (December 2021): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462321000726.

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IntroductionThe idea of using extracorporeal cytokine adsorption therapy (ECAT) is to remove cytokines from the blood in order to restore a balanced immune response. Yet, it is unclear as to whether the use of ECAT improves patient-relevant outcomes. Hence, the aim of this article is to synthesize the currently available evidence with regard to a potential clinical benefit of ECAT used in cardiac surgery or sepsis.MethodsWe conducted an updated systematic review summarizing the body of evidence with regard to a potential clinical benefit of ECAT. The study followed the PRISMA statement and the European Network for Health Technology Assessment (EUnetHTA) guidelines. The quality of the individual studies and the strength of the available evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (v.1) and the GRADE approach respectively. Mortality, organ function, length of stay in the intensive care unit and length of hospitalization, as well as adverse events, were defined as critical outcomes.ResultsFor the preventive treatment of ECAT in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, we found very low-quality inconclusive evidence for mortality (5 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), n = 163), length of stay in the intensive care unit (5 RCTs, n = 163), and length of hospitalization (3 RCTs, n = 101). In addition, very low-quality inconclusive evidence was found for (serious) adverse events (4 RCTs, n = 148). For the therapeutic treatment of ECAT in patients with sepsis/ septic shock, we found very low-quality inconclusive evidence for mortality up to 60-day follow-up (2 RCTs, n = 117), organ function (2 RCTs, n = 117) and length of stay in the intensive care unit (1 study, n = 20). Similarly, very low-quality inconclusive evidence was found for (serious) adverse events (2 RCTs, n = 117). There are currently eighteen ongoing RCTs on the use of ECAT.ConclusionsThere is a lack of reliable data on the clinical benefit of using ECAT as an add-on treatment preventively in cardiac surgery and therapeutically in patients with sepsis or septic shock. While theoretical advantages are anticipated, the current available evidence is inconclusive and was not able to establish the efficacy and safety of ECAT in combination with standard care in the investigated indications. In light of the available RCTs, we strongly recommend the consideration of studies with patient-relevant endpoints and adequate statistical power, instead of investing further research funds on small studies that may not shed more light onto the potential clinical benefit of ECAT. The results of ongoing RCTs are awaited to guide the decision on whether further research funds should be invested in ECAT research or to conclude that the intervention may not show clinical benefits for patients.
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Clermont, Lionel, Celine Michel, Pascal Blain, Jerome Loicq, and Yvan Stockman. "Stray light entrance pupil: an efficient tool for stray light characterization." Optical Engineering 59, no. 02 (February 10, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.59.2.025102.

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van Rijn, L. J. "Measurement of stray light and glare: comparison of Nyktotest, Mesotest, stray light meter, and computer implemented stray light meter." British Journal of Ophthalmology 89, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 345–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2004.044990.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Adsorption of stray light"

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Werner, Liliana, John C. Stover, Jim Schwiegerling, and Kamal K. Das. "Effects of Intraocular Lens Opacification on Light Scatter, Stray Light, and Overall Optical Quality/Performance." ASSOC RESEARCH VISION OPHTHALMOLOGY INC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621421.

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PURPOSE. To evaluate light scatter and stray light in intraocular lenses (IOLs) explanted because of postoperative opacification (13 calcified hydrophilic acrylic, 1 calcified silicone, and 4 polymethylmethacrylate [PMMA] lenses with snowflake degeneration), as well as effect of opacification on other optical quality/performance indicators, in comparison with controls. METHODS. The Complete Angle Scatter Instrument (CASI) scatterometer was used to measure the forward light scattering (FLS) of the IOLs, and the stray light values at various angles were calculated from the measured FLS. Modulation transfer function (MTF) was obtained with an optical bench, and a Badal optometer was used to obtain letter chart images through the lenses. Back light scatter and light transmittance were also measured. RESULTS. Average stray light values (Log (s)) at a scattered angle of 100 were 1.79 +/- 0.37 for hydrophilic acrylic IOLs (controls 0.36 +/- 0.05), 1.53 for the silicone lens (control 0.41), and 1.62 +/- 0.46 for PMMA IOLs (control 0.25). Stray light was significantly higher for explanted opacified lenses (N = 18) in comparison with controls (N = 7; two-tail P < 0.001 at 100). Modulation transfer function and Badal image contrast were drastically reduced in lenses with calcification and snowflake degeneration. CONCLUSIONS. Different studies described the impact of stray light in human vision, with serious hindrance above 1.47 Log (s). Lenses explanted from patients because of clinically significant opacification are associated with a considerable increase in light scatter and stray light, as well as with a decline of other optical quality/performance indicators.
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Diboune, Mathieu. "Elaboration de peintures zéolithiques pour la décontamination moléculaire en orbite." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.

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La contamination moléculaire en orbite est l’une des problématiques majeures de l’industrie spatiale. En effet, lorsque les satellites sont en orbite, les molécules organiques contenues dans les peintures, adhésifs ou encore les colles utilisés dans la conception des satellites peuvent dégazer et ainsi former des films ou des gouttelettes en se déposant sur les surfaces sensibles comme les instruments optiques et électroniques ou encore les surfaces de contrôle thermique ce qui a pour conséquence d’endommager ces équipements. Les hydrocarbures ainsi que les plastifiants émis ont été identifiés comme étant les contaminants majeurs. Parmi les matériaux poreux testés pour l’adsorption de ces polluants organiques, les zéolithes se sont avérées être les plus efficaces de par leur capacité à piéger ces molécules présentes à de très faibles concentrations dans les conditions spatiales. La synthèse des zéolithes conduisant généralement à des poudres qui seraient elles-mêmes source de contamination particulaire, une mise en forme de ces zéolithes est donc nécessaire. Des pastilles, billes et films zéolithiques ont été élaborées lors de précédents projets mais ces mises en forme comportent leur lot de désavantages comme l’ajout d’équipements additionnels pour insérer les pastilles à la structure des satellites, les mauvaises propriétés mécaniques des billes ou encore la faible quantité de zéolithe mise en jeu dans le cas des films ainsi que de la difficulté d’application de ces derniers sur de grandes surfaces. C’est pourquoi, le développement de peintures zéolithiques a été envisagé étant donné que ces dernières présentent notamment l’avantage de pouvoir être directement appliquées sur la surface interne des satellites. L’objectif de cette thèse est donc d’élaborer des peintures zéolithiques qui adhèrent sur les éléments de surface des satellites, qui soient stables mécaniquement (chocs et vibrations subis par les satellites, gradients de température) et qui puissent piéger les polluants organiques. Des zéolithes de type structural FAU (hydrophile) et MFI (hydrophobe) ont été utilisées en combinaison avec des résines silicones comme liants dans le but d’élaborer des peintures zéolithiques pouvant répondre aux contraintes spatiales. Ces peintures zéolithiques ont montré de bonnes propriétés d’adhésion (notes de 0 au test d’adhésion selon la norme ISO 2409) ainsi qu’une bonne stabilité mécanique et thermique dans des conditions pouvant être rencontrées en orbite. Les liants utilisés n’obstruent que très peu voire pas du tout l’accessibilité à la porosité des peintures zéolithiques et de bonnes capacités d’adsorption du n-hexane ont été obtenues. Différentes quantités de pigment noir (charbon animal ou noir de carbone) ont également été ajoutées à certaines peintures zéolithiques pour développer des peintures zéolithiques carbonées dans le but d’absorber la lumière afin de répondre à un autre phénomène responsable de la contamination d’équipements optiques : la lumière parasite
The phenomenon of on-orbit molecular contamination is one of the major issues encountered by the space industry. Indeed, when satellites are placed in orbit, organic molecules contained in coatings, adhesives or glues used in the conception of satellites can degas and thus form films or droplets by depositing themselves on sensitive surfaces such as optical and electronic instruments or thermal control surfaces. This contamination leads to a drastic decrease of on-board equipment performance. Hydrocarbons as well as plasticizers have been identified as major contaminants. Among several porous materials tested for the adsorption of these organic pollutants, zeolites were found to be the most efficient due to their ability to trap organic molecules at a very low concentration in space conditions. The synthesis of zeolites generally leads to powders that would themselves be a source of particulate contamination, therefore a shaping of these zeolites appears to be necessary. Pellets, beads and zeolite films were developed in previous projects, but these processes have some disadvantages such as the addition of additional equipment to insert pellets into the structure of satellites, poor mechanical properties of beads or the small quantity of zeolite involved in the case of films and the difficulty of applying them to large surfaces. That is why, zeolite coatings were selected because they can be applied directly to the internal surface of satellites. The main goal of this project is to develop zeolite coatings that adhere to the surface elements of satellites, that are mechanically stable (shocks and vibrations undergone by satellites, temperature gradients) and that can trap organic pollutants. FAU-type (hydrophilic) and MFI-type (hydrophobic)zeolites were used in combination with silicone resins as binders in order to develop zeolite coatings that can that can fulfill spatial requirements. These zeolite coatings showed good adhesion properties (adhesion note of 0 according the ISO 2409 standard) as well as good mechanical and thermal stability under conditions encountered in orbit. Zeolite coatings porosity remain mostly accessible despite the use of a binder and good n-hexane adsorption capacities were obtained. Different quantities of black pigment (bone char or carbon black) were also added to some zeolite coatings to develop black zeolite coatings with the aim of absorbing light in order to respond to another phenomenon responsible of optial equipment contamination: stray light
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Zuber, Ralf [Verfasser]. "New methods in stray light correction and multi-imaging spectroradiometry / Ralf Zuber." Hannover : Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1211083640/34.

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Raizner, Carina [Verfasser]. "Objective and Automated Stray Light Inspection of High-Dynamic-Range Cameras / Carina Raizner." Aachen : Shaker, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1067735763/34.

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Holmlund, Jonas. "Characterization and compensation of Stray light effects in Time of flight based range sensors." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-73687.

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Vidoni, Adam. "Adsorption and Diffusion of Light Hydrocarbons in DDR Zeolite." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2011. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/VidoniA2011.pdf.

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Hon, Sherman Siu-Man. "Calcium vapour deposition on semiconducting polymers studied by adsorption calorimetry and visible light absorption." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/863.

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A novel UHV microcalorimeter has been used to study the interaction between calcium and three polymers: MEH-PPV, MEH-PPP and P3HT. All three polymers behave differently in their reaction kinetics with calcium. On MEH-PPV we measure 45 μJ/cm² of heat generated in excess of the heat of bulk metal growth, 120 μJ/cm² for MEH-PPP, and 100 μJ/cm² for P3HT. Comparison of the MEH-PPV and MEHPPP data indicate that the initial reaction of calcium with MEH-PPV occurs at the vinylene group. We propose, based on hypothetical models, that calcium reacts with the vinylene groups of MEH-PPV with a reaction heat of 360 kJ/mol and at a projected surface density of 1.7 sites/nm², while it reacts with the phenylene groups of MEH-PPP in a two-step process with reaction heats of 200 and 360 kJ/mol respectively, at a projected surface density of 3.5 sites/nm². Optical absorption experiments, using either a 1.85 eV diode laser or a xenon lamp coupled to a scanning monochromator, have also been performed using the same calorimeter sensor. In the case of MEH-PPV, using the laser we find an optical absorption cross-section of 3E-¹⁷ cm² per incident calcium atom at low coverages. The change in absorptance at higher coverages correlates perfectly with the population of reacted Ca atoms determined calorimetrically. The size of the absorbance cross-section, and its position just within the band gap of the polymer, are consistent with the reaction being one of polaron formation. Calcium does not appear to dope P3HT, while the photon energy range of 1.5 to 3.75 eV used in these experiments is likely too small for probing polaronic energy states in MEH-PPP.
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Abd, El-Maksoud Rania Hassan. "GHOST IMAGE ANALYSIS FOR OPTICAL SYSTEMS." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195492.

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Ghost images are caused by the inter-reflections of light from optical surfaces that have transmittances less than unity. Ghosts can reduce contrast, provide misleading information, and if severe can veil parts of the nominal image. This dissertation develops several methodologies to simulate ghost effects arising from an even number of light reflections between the surfaces of multi-element lens systems. We present an algorithm to generate the ghost layout that is generated by two, four and up to N (even) reflections. For each possible ghost layout, paraxial ray tracing is performed to calculate the locations of the Gaussian cardinal points, the locations and diameters of the ghost entrance and exit pupils, the locations and diameters of the ghost entrance and exit windows, and the ghost chief and marginal ray heights and angles at each surface in the ghost layout. The paraxial ray trace data is used to estimate the fourth order ghost aberration coefficients. Petzval, tangential, and sagittal ghost image surfaces are introduced. Potential ghosts are formed at the intersection points between the ghost image surfaces and the Gaussian nominal image plane. Paraxial radiometric methodology is developed to estimate the ghost irradiance point spread function at the nominal image plane. Contrast reduction by ghosts can cause a reduction in the depth of field, and a simulation model and experimental technique that can be used to measure the depth of field is presented. Finally, ghost simulation examples are provided and discussed.
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Liu, Jin. "Effects of Chemical Additives on the Light Weight Paper." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7626.

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Tissue, among the highest value added paper products, finds extensive application in modern society. Continued efforts are being made to further improve tissue properties, such as strength, softness and water absorbency. Besides the efforts on characterizing facial tissue softness, this study focuses on tissue quality improvement through chemical means. The application of a wet strength resin, Kymene1500 and a debonding agent, Softrite7516 onto cellulose fibers is considered. First, the adsorption kinetics of the two chemical additives onto cellulose fibers was studied. The adsorption mechanisms were proposed and validated by kinetic data. A novel apparatus was designed in this study, and represented the first in the field to collect real-time data, which has the potential to be applied to the adsorption kinetic study of other types of paper additives. Second, the effects of Kymene1500 and Softrite7516 on various sheet properties were studied. The results provide quantitative information on tissue additives effects on sheet properties. It is shown that the combined application of the additives can overcome the disadvantages of individual species and produce sheets with both wet strength and softness. Finally, environmental-benign debonding agents with polyoxyethylene chains were applied to the sheets, and the effects of two design parameters, i.e., fatty acid and degree of ethoxylation, on tissue properties were investigated.
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Lindstrot, Rasmus [Verfasser]. "Exploitation of the MERIS oxygen A band channel for the retrieval of cloud-top pressure and the correction of instrumental stray light / Rasmus Lindstrot." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/102395673X/34.

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Books on the topic "Adsorption of stray light"

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Fest, Eric C. Stray light analysis and control. Bellingham, Washington: SPIE Press, 2013.

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Barnes, Robert A. Stray light in the SeaWiFS radiometer. Greenbelt, Md: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1995.

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P, Breault Robert, and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Stray light and contamination in optical systems: 17-19 August 1988, San Diego, California. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE--the International Society for Optical Engineering, 1989.

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Sakkas, Nikos. Stray Light. Independently Published, 2018.

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Stray Light. Center for American Places, Incorporated, 2013.

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Fest, Eric. Stray Light Analysis and Control. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/3.1000980.

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F, Kelley E., and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. NIST stray light elimination tube prototype. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Electricity Division, 2002.

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NIST stray light elimination tube prototype. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Electricity Division, 2002.

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F, Kelley Edward, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. NIST stray light elimination tube prototype. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Electricity Division, 2002.

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F, Kelley Edward, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. NIST stray light elimination tube prototype. Gaithersburg, MD: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Electricity Division, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Adsorption of stray light"

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Marque, Julien, and Gabriele Vajente. "Stray Light Issues." In Advanced Interferometers and the Search for Gravitational Waves, 275–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03792-9_10.

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Breault, Robert P., and Mary Turner. "Optical Design and Stray Light Concepts and Principles." In Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics, 427–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19409-2_7.

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Turner, Mary, and Robert Breault. "Optical Design and Stray Light Concepts and Principles." In Springer Handbook of Lasers and Optics, 399–417. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30420-5_7.

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Dando, Neal R., and Stephen J. Lindsay. "The Competitive Adsorption of HF And SO2on Smelter Grade Alumina." In Light Metals 2016, 527–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.ch87.

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Kordecki, R., J. Pelzl, and B. F. Bein. "Stray-Light Corrections in Frequency-Dependent Photoacoustics with Transparent Cells." In Photoacoustic and Photothermal Phenomena, 490–91. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-48181-2_132.

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Yu, Kun, Mingyu Cong, and Biao Guo. "Porthole structural stray light analysis and suppression in star sensor." In Frontier Research and Innovation in Optoelectronics Technology and Industry, 479–85. London, UK : CRC Press/Balkema, an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, [2019]: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429447082-71.

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Dando, Neal R., and Stephen J. Lindsay. "The Competitive Adsorption of HF and SO2 on Smelter Grade Alumina." In Light Metals 2016, 527–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_87.

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Yu, Haiyan, Xiaolin Pan, Zhongke Lu, and Tingting Ding. "Adsorption of Polyethylene Glycol at the Interface of Dicalcium Silicate — Sodium aluminate solution." In Light Metals 2011, 251–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48160-9_45.

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YU, Haiyan, Xiaolin PAN, Zhongke LU, and Tingting DING. "Adsorption of Polyethylene Glycol at the Interface of Dicalcium Silicate - Sodium Aluminate Solution." In Light Metals 2011, 251–54. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118061992.ch45.

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Zhuang, Xuxia, Ningjuan Ruan, and Yan Li. "Effect Modelling and Simulation of Earth Stray Light on Space-Born Telescope." In 4th International Symposium of Space Optical Instruments and Applications, 103–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96707-3_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Adsorption of stray light"

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Barron, Don R. "Visualizing stray light." In Optical Instrumentation & Systems Design, edited by Anthony E. Gee and Jean-Francois Houee. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.246754.

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Elliott, David G., and Ann S. C. Dinger. "SIRTF stray light analysis." In San Diego, '91, San Diego, CA, edited by Bjorn F. Andresen, Marija Scholl, and Irving J. Spiro. SPIE, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.48715.

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Waluschka, Eugene, Shi-Yue Qiu, and Gerold D. Godden. "MODIS stray light simulation." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by A. Peter M. Glassford, Robert P. Breault, and Stephen M. Pompea. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.258327.

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Etcheto, Pierre, and Anne Macaire. "Stray light in Picard telescope." In International Conference on Space Optics 2000, edited by Georges Otrio. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2307923.

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Waters, D. M., M. M. Blouke, A. Harwit, and D. Heath. "Stray light in packaged detectors." In SPIE Optics + Photonics, edited by O. Manuel Uy, Sharon A. Straka, John C. Fleming, and Michael G. Dittman. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.678094.

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Zhang, Yan, Dafu Liu, Xiangrong He, Xiaokun Wang, Kefeng Zhang, Hengjing Tang, and Tao Li. "Stray light in infrared detector." In International Symposium on Photoelectronic Detection and Imaging 2009, edited by Jeffery Puschell, Hai-mei Gong, Yi Cai, Jin Lu, and Jin-dong Fei. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.835706.

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Geikas, George I. "Stray Light From Diffraction Gratings." In 30th Annual Technical Symposium, edited by Robert P. Breault. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.939492.

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Breault, Robert P., and Peter Barthol. "Stray light analysis of CRISTA." In San Dieg - DL Tentative, edited by Robert P. Breault. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22650.

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Dittman, Michael G., Eric Donley, and Frank Grochocki. "Deterministic sequential stray light analysis." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Sharon A. Straka and Nancy Carosso. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.860861.

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von Blanckenhagen, Burghard. "Light Simulations: Controlling Stray-Light in the Headlamp." In SAE World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-0667.

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Reports on the topic "Adsorption of stray light"

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Manuel, A. M. ARC Stray Light Mitigation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1183552.

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Boynton, P. A., and E. F. Kelley. NIST stray light elimination tube prototype. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6861.

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Kelley, Edward F., and Paul A. Boynton. Seamless frusta creation for stray-light management in optical devices. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6637.

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Ajemian, Robert C. Analysis of stray radiation produced by the advanced light source (1.9 GeV synchrotron radiation source) at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/505690.

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Borch, Thomas, Yitzhak Hadar, and Tamara Polubesova. Environmental fate of antiepileptic drugs and their metabolites: Biodegradation, complexation, and photodegradation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597927.bard.

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Many pharmaceutical compounds are active at very low doses, and a portion of them regularly enters municipal sewage systems and wastewater-treatment plants following use, where they often do not fully degrade. Two such compounds, CBZ and LTG, have been detected in wastewater effluents, surface waters, drinking water, and irrigation water, where they pose a risk to the environment and the food supply. These compounds are expected to interact with organic matter in the environment, but little is known about the effect of such interactions on their environmental fate and transport. The original objectives of our research, as defined in the approved proposal, were to: Determine the rates, mechanisms and products of photodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites in waters exposed to near UV light, and the influence of DOM type and binding processes on photodegradation. Determine the potential and pathways for biodegradation of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites using a white rot fungus (Pleurotusostreatus) and ADP, and reveal the effect of DOM complexation on these processes. Reveal the major mechanisms of binding of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to DOM and soil in the presence of DOM, and evaluate the effect of this binding on their photodegradation and/or biodegradation. We determined that LTG undergoes relatively slow photodegradation when exposed to UV light, and that pH affects each of LTG’s ability to absorb UV light, the efficiency of the resulting reaction, and the identities of LTG’sphotoproducts (t½ = 230 to 500 h during summer at latitude 40 °N). We observed that LTG’sphotodegradation is enhanced in the presence of DOM, and hypothesized that LTG undergoes direct reactions with DOM components through nucleophilic substitution reactions. In combination, these data suggest that LTG’s fate and transport in surface waters are controlled by environmental conditions that vary with time and location, potentially affecting the environment and irrigation waters. We determined that P. ostreatusgrows faster in a rich liquid medium (glucose peptone) than on a natural lignocellulosic substrate (cotton stalks) under SSF conditions, but that the overall CBZ removal rate was similar in both media. Different and more varied transformation products formed in the solid state culture, and we hypothesized that CBZ degradation would proceed further when P. ostreatusand the ᵉⁿᶻʸᵐᵃᵗⁱᶜ ᵖʳᵒᶠⁱˡᵉ ʷᵉʳᵉ ᵗᵘⁿᵉᵈ ᵗᵒ ˡⁱᵍⁿⁱⁿ ᵈᵉᵍʳᵃᵈᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ. ᵂᵉ ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵉᵈ ¹⁴C⁻Cᴼ2 ʳᵉˡᵉᵃˢᵉ ʷʰᵉⁿ ¹⁴C⁻ᶜᵃʳᵇᵒⁿʸˡ⁻ labeled CBZ was used as the substrate in the solid state culture (17.4% of the initial radioactivity after 63 days of incubation), but could not conclude that mineralization had occurred. In comparison, we determined that LTG does not degrade in agricultural soils irrigated with treated wastewater, but that P. ostreatusremoves up to 70% of LTG in a glucose peptone medium. We detected various metabolites, including N-oxides and glycosides, but are still working to determine the degradation pathway. In combination, these data suggest that P. ostreatuscould be an innovative and effective tool for CBZ and LTG remediation in the environment and in wastewater used for irrigation. In batch experiments, we determined that the sorption of LTG, CBZ and selected metabolites to agricultural soils was governed mainly by SOM levels. In lysimeter experiments, we also observed LTG and CBZ accumulation in top soil layers enriched with organic matter. However, we detected CBZ and one of its metabolites in rain-fed wheat previously irrigated with treated wastewater, suggesting that their sorption was reversible, and indicating the potential for plant uptake and leaching. Finally, we used macroscale analyses (including adsorption/desorption trials and resin-based separations) with molecular- level characterization by FT-ICR MS to demonstrate the adsorptive fractionation of DOM from composted biosolids by mineral soil. This suggests that changes in soil and organic matter types will influence the extent of LTG and CBZ sorption to agricultural soils, as well as the potential for plant uptake and leaching.
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Shomer, Ilan, Ruth E. Stark, Victor Gaba, and James D. Batteas. Understanding the hardening syndrome of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber tissue to eliminate textural defects in fresh and fresh-peeled/cut products. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587238.bard.

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The project sought to understand factors and mechanisms involved in the hardening of potato tubers. This syndrome inhibits heat softening due to intercellular adhesion (ICA) strengthening, compromising the marketing of industrially processed potatoes, particularly fresh peeled-cut or frozen tubers. However, ICA strengthening occurs under conditions which are inconsistent with the current ideas that relate it to Ca-pectate following pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity or to formation of rhamnogalacturonan (RG)-II-borate. First, it was necessary to induce strengthening of the middle lamellar complex (MLX) and the ICA as a stress response in some plant parenchyma. As normally this syndrome does not occur uniformly enough to study it, we devised an efficient model in which ICA-strengthening is induced consistently under simulated stress by short-chain, linear, mono-carboxylic acid molecules (OAM), at 65 oC [appendix 1 (Shomer&Kaaber, 2006)]. This rapid strengthening was insufficient for allowing the involved agents assembly to be identifiable; but it enabled us to develop an efficient in vitro system on potato tuber parenchyma slices at 25 ºC for 7 days, whereas unified stress was reliably simulated by OAMs in all the tissue cells. Such consistent ICA-strengthening in vitro was found to be induced according to the unique physicochemical features of each OAM as related to its lipophilicity (Ko/w), pKa, protonated proportion, and carbon chain length by the following parameters: OAM dissociation constant (Kdiss), adsorption affinity constant (KA), number of adsorbed OAMs required for ICA response (cooperativity factor) and the water-induced ICA (ICAwater). Notably, ICA-strengthening is accompanied by cell sap leakage, reflecting cell membrane rupture. In vitro, stress simulation by OAMs at pH<pKa facilitated the consistent assembly of ICAstrengthening agents, which we were able to characterize for the first time at the molecular level within purified insoluble cell wall of ICA-strengthened tissue. (a) With solid-state NMR, we established the chemical structure and covalent binding to cell walls of suberin-like agents associated exclusively with ICA strengthening [appendix 3 (Yu et al., 2006)]; (b) Using proteomics, 8 isoforms of cell wall-bound patatin (a soluble vacuolar 42-kDa protein) were identified exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue; (c) With light/electron microscopy, ultrastructural characterization, histochemistry and immunolabeling, we co-localized patatin and pectin in the primary cell wall and prominently in the MLX; (d) determination of cell wall composition (pectin, neutral sugars, Ca-pectate) yielded similar results in both controls and ICA-strengthened tissue, implicating factors other than PME activity, Ca2+ or borate ions; (e) X-ray powder diffraction experiments revealed that the cellulose crystallinity in the cell wall is masked by pectin and neutral sugars (mainly galactan), whereas heat or enzymatic pectin degradation exposed the crystalline cellulose structure. Thus, we found that exclusively in ICA-strengthened tissue, heat-resistant pectin is evident in the presence of patatin and suberinlike agents, where the cellulose crystallinity was more hidden than in fresh control tissue. Conclusions: Stress response ICA-strengthening is simulated consistently by OAMs at pH< pKa, although PME and formation of Ca-pectate and RG-II-borate are inhibited. By contrast, at pH>pKa and particularly at pH 7, ICA-strengthening is mostly inhibited, although PME activity and formation of Ca-pectate or RG-II-borate are known to be facilitated. We found that upon stress, vacuolar patatin is released with cell sap leakage, allowing the patatin to associate with the pectin in both the primary cell wall and the MLX. The stress response also includes formation of covalently bound suberin-like polyesters within the insoluble cell wall. The experiments validated the hypotheses, thus led to a novel picture of the structural and molecular alterations responsible for the textural behavior of potato tuber. These findings represent a breakthrough towards understanding of the hardening syndrome, laying the groundwork for potato-handling strategies that assure textural quality of industrially processed particularly in fresh peeled cut tubers, ready-to-prepare and frozen preserved products.
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