Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Adsorption et échange d’ions'
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Pasquet, Paul-Loup. "Couplage de procédés appliqués à la récupération et valorisation de biomolécules d'un effluent résiduaire brassicole." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAF083.
The brewing industry has the potential to play a major role in the development of a sustainable bioeconomy by becoming a biorefinery. A brewing byproduct has the potential to replace antioxidant additives in various industries such as food and cosmetics, as it contains high levels of phenolic compounds. In collaboration with a brewery company, researches were conducted to valorizebiomolecules and reuse chemicals and water. Physico-chemical and phenolic composition of the byproduct was characterized. Bio-based phenolic compounds were recovered with (i) ultrafiltration membrane selection for the wastewater clarification, (ii) optimization of coupled ultra-nanofiltration clarification/concentration process with selectivity and fouling mechanisms investigation, (iii) exploration of alternative recovery processes such as resin adsorption, and (iv) performance of a business case study in order to assess economic performances of designed process in an industrial scale
Boucheffa, Youcef. "Adsorption d'oléfines et de paraffines sur la zéolithe 5A." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2302.
Geoffray, Fabien. "Étude et réalisation par échange d’ions sur verre de guides d’onde à fort confinement pour des applications non-linéaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENT008/document.
Glass integrated optics is a key enabling technology which applications range from opticaltelecommunications to sensors. The steady improvement of devices performances is sustainedby an increasing functions density and thus smaller waveguides supporting higher powerdensities. In this work we investigate the ultimate performances in terms of confinementand propagation length of the silver/sodium ion-exchanged waveguides fabricated on glasstechnology. In particular, a trade-off between these two features has been highlighted inthe case of nonlinear effects. We then demonstrate that the performances of silver/sodiumion-exchanged waveguides are mainly limited by optical losses introduced by metallic silveraggregates even for buried low-losses waveguides. Hence the waveguides exhibit a damagethreshold for high power densities. To overcome this limitation a major technology changehas been initiate and we present the first results obtained by thallium/sodium ion exchange
Doka, Nassionou Geoffroy André. "Cinétique de formation de coke et régénération de zéolithes EMT et FAU." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2260.
Mornard-Pochet, Bernadette. "Adsorption et rétention des tensio-actifs anioniques par une argile kaolinique : application à la récupération assistée du pétrole." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NAN10102.
Gamon, Jacinthe. "Dopage et interfaces optimisés de semiconducteurs : étude de deux systèmes complémentaires BiCuOS et ZnO." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066164.
The emerging domain of printed electronics requires new cheap and non-toxic materials for applications such as logic devices, sensors, displays, thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. It also requires optimizing the conduction in granular semiconductors. BiCuOS has been identified as a promising p-type semiconductor for such applications. However, its high copper under-stoichiometry, induces an important p-type doping, which is detrimental for its use as a photovoltaic absorber. Moreover, like all chalcogenide based materials, it shows a poor chemical stability during sintering, thermal treatment necessary to enhance transport properties. In order to optimize its properties, solutions must be found i) to control the doping content, ii) to obtain good charge carrier mobilities in thin films. On the one hand, we have explored different kinds of substitutions such as iodine for sulfur or silver for copper, which successfully enabled to strongly reduce the charge carrier density. On the other hand, we have studied the effect of grafting conjugated molecules (terephthalic acid and polythiophene derivatives) onto the surface of a model n-type semiconductor (ZnO) to study their effect on the intergranular transport. Electronic transfer improvement occurs by transfer though a lowered energy barrier formed by the LUMO of the molecules. The formulation of optimized inks using these molecules as additives allowed the thin film deposition of p-n diodes formed with ZnO/BiCuOS. Although no photovoltaic effect has been detected yet, the p-n junctions showed high nonlinear properties and are strongly photosensitive. With this work, we have participated to the elaboration of new sulfides and hybrid interfaces systems for the improvement of semiconductor devices. The development of such hybrid electronic devices through soft chemistry method is a valuable step towards the commercialization of sustainable technologies
Paoli, Hervé. "Étude de la séparation des paraffines en C10-C14 par adsorption sur zéolithe 5A." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10177.
Zghida, Haïfa. "Utilisation de ligno-celluloses cationiques pour la dépollution des eaux : application à la sorption de surfactants et des oxy-anions du chrome." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10042.
Thach, Ut Dong. "Echanges d’anions sur ionosilices : de l'élaboration des matériaux aux études physicochimiques et leurs applications en séparation et catalyse." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT239/document.
The objective of this thesis is the development of new anion exchangers based on ionosilica materials. Various materials containing ammonium groups were synthesized by template directed hydrolysis-polycondensation reactions starting from silylated ammonium precursors. Solids displaying different textures, architectures and morphologies were obtained via the modifications of reaction parameters, such as the nature of the used surfactant. Besides the standard structural and textural characterizations (N2 adsorption, XRD, TEM / SEM), we focused on a more detailed physico-chemical analysis of these original and innovative materials. Ionosilicas show an unusually high hydrophilicity compared to classical mesoporous silica or organosilicas of the PMO-type (Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica). Furthermore, the hydrophilicity of ionosilicas can be finely tuned either by the use of various ammonium precursors or the incorporation via exchange of hydrophobic anions. Finally, we used these new anion exchangers for the removal of various anionic species in aqueous media. Our studies show that ionosilicas are highly efficient anion exchanger displaying high capacity for the adsorption of Cr (VI) (up to 2.5 mmol g-1). These materials exhibit also high capacity of iodide combined with high radiolytic stability for radionuclides uptake. Similar results were obtained for organic anionic pollutants, e.g. drugs (diclofénac, sulindac and p-aminosalicylate) and dyes (methyl orange). Besides the high potential of these materials in separation processes, this study gives interesting insights in the materials morphology through the nearly complete accessibility of the cationic sites. All these features make ionosilicas materials of choice for solid-liquid separation processes in water treatment, depollution of industrial wastewater, the nuclear fuel cycle or catalytic support
Gamon, Jacinthe. "Dopage et interfaces optimisés de semiconducteurs : étude de deux systèmes complémentaires BiCuOS et ZnO." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066164.
The emerging domain of printed electronics requires new cheap and non-toxic materials for applications such as logic devices, sensors, displays, thermoelectric and photovoltaic devices. It also requires optimizing the conduction in granular semiconductors. BiCuOS has been identified as a promising p-type semiconductor for such applications. However, its high copper under-stoichiometry, induces an important p-type doping, which is detrimental for its use as a photovoltaic absorber. Moreover, like all chalcogenide based materials, it shows a poor chemical stability during sintering, thermal treatment necessary to enhance transport properties. In order to optimize its properties, solutions must be found i) to control the doping content, ii) to obtain good charge carrier mobilities in thin films. On the one hand, we have explored different kinds of substitutions such as iodine for sulfur or silver for copper, which successfully enabled to strongly reduce the charge carrier density. On the other hand, we have studied the effect of grafting conjugated molecules (terephthalic acid and polythiophene derivatives) onto the surface of a model n-type semiconductor (ZnO) to study their effect on the intergranular transport. Electronic transfer improvement occurs by transfer though a lowered energy barrier formed by the LUMO of the molecules. The formulation of optimized inks using these molecules as additives allowed the thin film deposition of p-n diodes formed with ZnO/BiCuOS. Although no photovoltaic effect has been detected yet, the p-n junctions showed high nonlinear properties and are strongly photosensitive. With this work, we have participated to the elaboration of new sulfides and hybrid interfaces systems for the improvement of semiconductor devices. The development of such hybrid electronic devices through soft chemistry method is a valuable step towards the commercialization of sustainable technologies
Grine, Noureddine. "Propriétés interfaciales de l'alumine et de la zircone en solution aqueuse et en présence de tensioactifs anioniques." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20268.
Gavach, Marjorie. "Détoxification de condensats de distillerie par osmose inverse, échange d'ions et leur combinaison. Application au recyclage en fermentation alcoolique." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00570412.
Pelte, Sophie. "Mise en oeuvre de feldspaths naturels pour le traitement d'effluents liquides chargés en métaux lourds." Perpignan, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PERP0454.
Based on structural and chemical analogies between the natural ion exchange zeolites and feldspars, this study aims to value and to improve the potential sorptive properties of feldspars for recovering heavy metals from wastewater. Feldspars are low-cost natural minerals but are characterised by a higher density aluminosilicate straucture than zeolites. Thermal treatments of two pre-selected specimens (FELa and FELb) have been performed in air at various temperatures (ranging from 200°C up to 800°C) in order to increase the specific surface area and the affinity of feldspars for the metal ions studied (Cd 2+, Zn 2+, Pb 2+ et Cr 3+),.
Espiau, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du complexe absorbant des sols acides à charges mixtes : application aux andosols du Velay." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20193.
Wissocq, Aubéry. "Etude du transport réactif de Sr et Cs dans un sédiment gréso-argileux carbonaté du site de Cadarache." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE027/document.
As part of the environmental monitoring of its installations under nominal operating conditions or in accident situation, CEA must ensure the implementation of operational methods and tools to measure, control and predict the discharge of its installations into the environment, atmosphere, soil and groundwater. This work is part of the implementation of a reactive transport tool, which allows predicting the migration of radionuclides in trace concentration such as 90Sr and 137Cs, the main radionuclides of interest, in soils and rocks. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the applicability and predictive nature of a coupled chemistry-transport model in the case of migration of Cs and Sr in a natural sediment, representative of the aquifer underlying the nuclear site of Cadarache. The retention model used is based on the Multi-Site Ion Exchange Theory, integrated in PhreeqC coupled with HYDRUS 1D (HP1) or Crunchflow.The characterization of the physico-chemical properties of the sediment studied and the identification of the reactive minerals allow to develop a database of retention of Sr2+, Cs+ and Ca2+ (major cation of the medium) on the clay minerals mostly present, illite and smectite. The construction of this database was based on a critical review of the data in the literature, supplemented by the acquisition of missing data. From this database and assuming the additivity of the retention properties of pure minerals in a material considered as a mixture of pure minerals, it was possible to verify the applicability of the retention model in the case of the adsorption of Sr2+ and Cs+ on the sediment.Finally, this retention model could be coupled to a transport model and applied to the case of the migration of Sr and Cs in sediment columns. These experiments were carried out on two types of column, at the centimeter scale on standard columns and at a decimetric scale on an experimental device equipped with a X generator recording continuously the physicochemical parameters within the column. Simulations of the Sr reactive transport experiments by the multi-sites ion exchange model coupled with the advection-dispersion equation were able to adequately reproduce the Sr breakthrough curves without any parameter adjustments. The dispersivity coefficients of each column were determined in non-reactive transport experiments using inert tracers (2H, Cl- and I-). Moreover, the Cs breakthrough curves seem more difficult to reproduce, which could be due to the uncertainties still existing on the retention parameters related to this element or a kinetic effect.The good agreement between the results of the reactive Sr transport experiments in a column at two different scales and the simulations showed that the reactive transport model implemented allows reproducing the behavior of Sr in the Cadarache sediment without parameter adjustment by considering the chemical retention by an ion exchange process on the clay minerals of the system. This first step, essential to the evaluation of the model confirms the predictive nature of this model, insofar as physicochemical conditions are well constrained
Tertre, Emmanuel. "Adsorption de Cs+, Ni2+ et des lanthanides sur une kaolinite et une smectite jusqu'à 150°C : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30108.
The motivation for this study is to assess the temperature effect on the clay minerals sorption properties. Sorption and desorption of Cs+, Ni2+ et Ln3+ onto a montmorillonite and a kaolinite were performed by batch experiments between 25 and 150°C, and in different pH and ionic strengths conditions. Sorption enthalpies varying between 0 and 80kJ/mol were then calculated. For europium, surface spectroscopic analyses confirmed that the mechanism involved is adsorption, including at 150°C. Moreover, this method allowed us to obtain qualitatively the different adsorption equilibrium occurring during the reaction. An acid/base study of the clay surfaces was performed in order to assess the temperature effect on the surface charge of these minerals. Then, a surface complexation model including edge sites and structural sites was proposed to interpret the acid/base data and the europium sorption data
Alharati, Assma Ahmed. "Élimination du bore contenu dans l’eau de mer par un système hybride de sorption par résines échangeuses d’ions et de microfiltration." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1051/document.
The maximum concentration suggested by the World Health Organization is 0.3 mg/L. In this study, we investigated a hybrid process for boron removal from water which associates sorption on ion exchange resin and microfiltration, without continuous resin addition. First, fine resins were obtained by grounding and sieving at 40 and 60 µm commercial resins (Amberlite IRA743, Diaion CRB05 and Purolite S108). The resins were then tested in batch to obtain the kinetics and in the hybrid sorption/microfiltration process to measure breakthrough curves and permeate flux. A ceramic microfiltration membrane was used to retain the ion exchange resin in the feed tank and the circulation loop while the boron solution was continuously added and the permeate collected for analysis. The effect of resin dosage, boron initial concentration, transmembrane pressure and membrane pore size was studied. In a second part, the effect of the size of the resin particles on the breakthrough curves measured at the outlet of a column was determined and a comparison between the performances of a column and a hybrid system are proposed. For the Amberlite IRA743 resin, the overall process was tested: reverse osmosis followed by hybrid sorption/microfiltration. The hybrid process was able to re-duce concentration of bacterial and phytoplankton cells thanks to the steric rejection by the microfiltration membrane, suggesting that the same membrane can be used as a pretreatment before reverse osmosis in a desalination plant. In a final part, the experimental isotherms and kinetics are compared with classical models, and the breakthrough curves obtained with a column and with the hybrid sys-tem are modelised. Overall, it is suggested that the hybrid process of ion exchange resin and microfiltration without continuous addition of resin may be a possible technique for boron removal
Khirani, Sarah. "Procédés hybrides associant la filtration membranaire et l'adsorption/échange ionique pour le traitement des eaux usées en vue de leur réutilisation." Toulouse, INSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ISAT0005.
This study deals with the development of a hybrid process combining membrane filtration and adsorption or ion exchange for the treatment of secondary effluent for their reuse. The application of this process to the treatment of wastewaters needs to look for the lowest cost by taking into account the specificity of the organic matter of the effluents and by developing a durable process by lowering its energetic consummation and using regenerable adsorbents. This led us to privilege the combination in the same reactor, an immersed membrane and a regenerable adsorbent. We were interested mainly in the treatment of the organic compounds of the secondary effluents, either by studying the hydrophobic fraction “humic substances” (mainly fulvic acid in our study), or a synthetic secondary effluent. For these purposes, our study followed these steps:1. Research of an alternate material to the Powdered Activated Carbon PAC; a comparative study of the kinetics and isotherms of adsorption was then investigated. 2. Study of the response of the hybrid process at two scales by using PAC and the Ion Exchange Resin. 3. Improvement of a protocol of the determination of the fouling potential of the treated water that could be treated by either nanofiltration or reverse osmosis
Jardinier, Elsa. "Co-intégration de fonctions optiques et microfluidiques sur substrat de verre pour l'analyse en milieu hostile." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENT107/document.
The current will of reducing environment and human hazards has led the scientists to imagine new solutions for nuclear waste reprocessing. Miniaturized online chemical analysis of industrial processes has in particular an important role to play to reduce effluent volumes, response times and costs. In this context, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of an integrated spectrophotometric sensor on glass for chemical analysis of radioactive cations. The device is called a ―nanochannel waveguide‖ and is fabricated by reactive ion etching and ion exchange on glass. It is made of two borosilicate glass wafers bonded together. The first one contains a strip core and the second one a (100 ±10) nm deep nanochannel and a slab core. It allows the propagation of a hybrid mode, optimizing the fluid/guide wave interaction on a large wavelength range. Spectrometric measurements of a neodymium nitrate in nitric acid (pH 2) followed by statistical treatment have led to a limit of detection in terms of absorption coefficient of (3.7 ± 0.9) x 10-3 cm-1 for a device length of (3.70 ± 0.05) cm and fluid volume as low as (7 ± 3) nL. A structure allowing to increase the interaction length and therefore further decrease the detection limit has been proposed as an outlook of this work, and a preliminary study for use in a nuclear environment has been performed
El-Tayeb, El-Sayed Mohamed. "Rétention d'alpha-oléfinésulfonates de sodium dans un sable argilo-calcaire : étude expérimentale et modélisation du transport en présence de cations divalents et d'asphalte." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL149N.
Barthelet, Karin Marika. "Synthèse et caractérisation de matériaux hybrides poreux à base d'éléments de transition pour la séparation des gaz de l'air." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS017V.
This sutdy is part of a project on the research of new materials for gas production or air separation, and pursues a double aim : modify know compounds in order to make them efficient for industrial applications and synthesize new solids which would possess a stable porous framework containing extra-framework cations. Such properties will limit the range of our study. Since the discovery of zeolites, first kind of adapted solids for gas separation, research efforts have been diversified in order to obtain compounds with new topologies and various compositions having better performances. They resulted in the emergence of new families of materials built up from inorganic and later hybrid frameworks. The bibliographic chapter describes thiss evolution, points out the advantages and drawbacks of each category and finishes by few examples of industrials applications. The second chapter is devoted to the results of ionic exchange on known compounds the purpose of which is to get useful solids. The success of theses experiments depends on the nature of the starting material (two phosphates, one based on nickel and one on vanadium, and one vanadium diphosphonate). For two of them, cationic exchange is possible. Nevertheless, accessible porosity is reached only in one case and even then, the specific surface remains insufficient for the application of interest. Works concerning the second axe of research are described in the two following chapters. They are limited to hybrid compounds based on transition metals, that simultaneously allow to avoid the presence of organic templates which are difficult to eliminate, and to modulate the pore size. With diphosphonic acids, the principal purpose is to prepare bimetallic porous compounds combining porosity and interesting magnetic properties. Several monometallic phases could also appear such as those based on zinc which are the more attractive ones because of their zeotypic framework. With carboxylic acids, structures are often three-dimensional and potenttially porous However, the lack of extra-framework alkaline cations makes these solids inefficient in air separation
Forquet, Valérian. "Composés polyazotés dérivés d’hydrazines : synthèse, caractérisation et modélisation quantique des performances énergétiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10328/document.
High nitrogen content energetic compounds, envisioned as a first step towards High EnergyDensity Materials (HEDM) for space propulsion, were prepared from hydrazine derivatives. Indeed,the formation of nitrogen gas (N−−−N) from an N−−N bond yields a lot of energy and even morefrom an N−N bond. Hence, an amination reaction on unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH)yielded a 2,2-dimethyltriazanium salt, containing three consecutive single-bonded nitrogen atoms.The initial inorganic anion was then exchanged with the following nitrogen-rich anions in order toyield energetic salts: 5-aminotetrazolate, 5-nitrotetrazolate, 5,5’-azobistetrazolate, azide, nitroformateand dinitramide. For safety reasons, the ion metathesis of the azide salt was conductedby electrodialysis and the sensitivities of all compounds towards both impact and friction wereevaluated in accordance with standard procedures. Reliable heats of formation of the compoundswith the highest nitrogen content were obtained by oxygen bomb calorimetry. These values werethen computed with quantum mechanical methods and compared with known procedures reportedin the literature, whose theoretical backgrounds have been discussed. Consequently, theprocedure resulting in the best match between calculated and experimental heats of formation wasidentified. The precision of the method used herein exceeds that of recent results from renownedresearch groups in this field. Thus, the various techniques introduced during the course of thiswork will enable our laboratory to progress more efficiently in this area of research
Schlegel, Michel. "De l'adsorption du cobalt et du zinc sur l'hectorite et le quartz à la nucléation hétérogène de phyllosilicates." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718598.
Loos-Neskovic, Christiane. "Préparations et propriétés de fixation des hexacyanoferrates II de zinc et de nickel." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066592.
Wakkel, Manel. "Contribution à l'étude de la séparation des protéines par chromatographie d'échange d'ions en milieu complexe. Effet du poids moléculaire sur l'équilibre et la cinétique de rétention." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0023/document.
Bioseparations from crude media, vegetable or biological, is a large and complex subject. Future industrial issues depend ontheir understanding and development, namely for biotechnological processes as downstream processes represent up to 80 %of their total cost. This work hopes to contribute to these general questions. It is justified by previous results obtained in thelaboratory showing that it is possible to recover a high molecular weight (HMW) protein from a complex vegetal juice in justone chromatographic operation. Hypotheses have been formulated, to which this work tries to answer: what mechanism couldexplain this behaviour? Is-there a specific location inside particles for the uptake of such protein, facilitating the recoveryduring elution step? Our objective has been to progress on the knowledge of fundamental questions concerning ion-exchangechromatography and their applications for proteins recovery from complex media. The effect of the other proteins in solutionhas been analysed, specifically in the situation where both proteins have a very different molecular weight, as in the previouscited work. Theoretical and experimental approaches, at various scales, have been applied or developed on real or syntheticsystems in order to answer some of these questions. At the process scale, a statistical method for data analysis (PrincipalComponent Analysis or PCA) has been applied. The complete interpretation of its results remains very hard. At thelaboratory scale, equilibrium and kinetics of ion exchange have been studied for synthetic solutions of two proteins: bovineserum albumin (BSA) (as reference protein widely studied), and ferritin (iron storage protein) having similar isoelectric pointas BSA but with higher molecular weight. Classical models for ion-exchange kinetics can explain the experimental results,even for HMW proteins. Mass transfer fluxes seem to be coupled for both proteins, even if they have usually very differentdiffusivities. The interpretation of equilibrium results is much more difficult. Equilibrium uptake of ferritin is not, or lightly,influenced by salt concentration or BSA content. Nevertheless, the presence of ferritin in the medium affects strongly BSAequilibrium uptake (however more favourable). Among the phenomena suggested in the literature, the Vroman effect hasbeen researched but it does not take place under the experimental conditions applied. Simulation of multi-componentisotherms has not been possible by classical models (such as multi-component Langmuir isotherm), while protein isothermsin single solution are standard. Besides, a partial blockage of the resin pores by ferritin is possible, preventing BSA diffusion.Therefore, a methodology has been developed at the microscopic scale, with the aim to observe concentration profiles forrepresentatives elements (P, Fe, Cl …) inside particles. The method, well developed, does not allow to conclude for themoment, because the probes used were not sensible enough
Jeffroy, Marie. "Simulation moléculaire des propriétés des zéolithes cationiques : Propriétés thermodynamiques et propriétés structurales." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00517043.
Peaudecerf, Alix. "Influence de cations sorbés sur la dissolution de l'apatite : approches microscopique et macroscopique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00755659.
Montes, Hernandez German. "Etude expérimentale de la sorption d'eau et du gonflement des argiles par microscopie électronique à balayage environnementale (ESEM) et analyse digitale d'images." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123521.
L'étude de la sorption d'eau de la bentonite brute et échangée avec différents cations (Na+, Li+, K+, Ca++, Mg++) a permis d'aborder l'influence des cations sur le potentiel de gonflement. La cinétique d'adsorption, décrite par un modèle de deuxième ordre dépend directement de l'humidité relative, de la masse de l'échantillon et du cation compensateur.
L'étude de la texture en conditions sèches et humides de la bentonite MX80 compactée a permis d'observer l'évolution morphologique du réseau poreux (macroporosité) au cours de l'hydratation/ déshydratation. A partir de différentes approches analytiques on constate une diminution de la taille des macropores et/ou mésopores, et l'ouverture de pores inter- agrégats lorsque la densité apparente augmente.
L'étude de l'influence de la condensation/ évaporation instantanée d'eau sur les argilites montre que la sensibilité à l'eau augmente lorsque la proportion argileuse augmente; elle est marquée entre autres par une fissuration qui peut être partiellement réversible ou irréversible après quelques cycles de condensation/ évaporation.
Duwig, Céline. "Etude des transferts d'eau et de nitrate dans les sols ferrallitiques de Maré (Nouvelle-Calédonie) : risques de pollution des lentilles d'eau douce." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718715.
Lu, Jun. "Développement de modèles prédictifs décrivant le couplage chimie-transport dans les sédiments naturels." Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2287/document.
Management of soils or sediments contaminated by metals requires to predict the migration of metallic cations, whose mobility depends both on the transport properties of the medium and chemical reactivity of the system (principally sorption/desorption reactions). To study the sorption of metallic cations (major and trace) in dynamic condition, transport experiments using columns have been carried out with a soil poor in carbonated minerals and organic matter. Considering that the reactivity of this soil was mainly due to swelling clay minerals, a sorption model based on the sorption properties of the Wyoming montmorillonite and built according to a multi-site ion exchanger theory has been integrated into a 1D transport code. The predictions given by this model were then compared with the breakthrough curves measured in this study and those reported in the literature. The study of the reactive transport of major cations highlighted the significant role of protons (even at near neutral pH), and validated the model for major cations (Na and Ca). However, the study concerning Zn (II) showed a discrepancy between the results obtained from batch experiments and those issued from column experiments, which could be attributed to the contribution of another sorbent phase (illite). Finally, the proposed sorption model allowed reproducing with a good confidence experimental data reported from literature for sorption of Zn (II) in dynamic conditions
Ducoroy, Laurent. "Modification de fibres de polyester pour l'obtention de textiles échangeurs d'ions : application à la dépollution métallique des eaux." Lille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL10003.
Dzene, Liva. "Influence de la taille des particules et de la cristallochimie sur les propriétés d'échange cationique des minéraux argileux gonflants." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2283.
The swelling clay minerals are ubiquitous in all areas of the surface of the Earth, particularly in soils. The lamellar structure of these minerals and their small size are at the origin of their high reactivity in particular with respect to pollutants and nutrients that are present in soil pore water. In this context, our work aims to contribute to a better understanding of the interactions between swelling clay minerals and cations of nutritive (calcium) and/or environmental interest (cesium, strontium). In soils, swelling clay minerals have broad size distribution and can have a varied crystal chemistry. Therefore, to better understand the role of each of these parameters on the reactivity of the natural particles, we worked with "model systems", which are yet representative of the swelling clay particles encountered in soil environment. Different particle size fractions of vermiculite and different synthetic saponites characterised by well-controlled layer charge were used as "model systems". Results concerning ion-exchange isotherms for Cs and Sr, in competition with major cations of natural waters (Na, Ca), were obtained by combining chemical analyses and 00ℓ reflection modelling of X-ray diffractograms in order to assess the cation distribution between the different adsorption sites (interlayer vs external) located on swelling clay minerals. Such approach and the use of ‘model systems’ have allowed us to obtain quantitative parameters describing the reactivity of soil swelling clay mineral particles, and should be considered in reactive transport codes devoted to predict the migration of nutritive and polluted cations in soil environments
Jaouadi, Meyssa. "Étude d'un procédé hybride de séparation couplant l’électrodialyse à membrane bipolaire et l’échange d'ions : application à la valorisation de solutions diluées d'acide organique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0208/document.
This work is dedicated to the study of a hybrid separation process involving bipolar membrane electrodialysis and ion exchange. This study is applied to the treatment of diluted effluents. The aim is first to acquire a theoretical understanding of transfer processes and mechanisms that affect energy consumption of this hybrid system. Then, in a more applied way, the objective is to be able to propose a cell configuration that allows to remove the acid from the treated solution by transferring it to a concentration compartment. This configuration must allow to obtain the highest purification rates as possible while minimizing energy consumption. Criteria aiming at optimizing ion exchange resins (strong or weak) in dilution compartment are proposed. The interest of the introduction of strong cationic resin under H+ form in the concentrated compartment is highlighted, as it enables reducing compartment resistance and hence energy consumption. Furthermore, experimental measurements successively conducted with “decoupled” and “coupled” systems identified resistive contributions of the different elements of the stack. This approach led to the determination of parameters of a model which predicts the resin bed electrical resistance in a given solution. Specific energy consumption (kWh/Kg transferred acid) was evaluated as a function of the desired purification rate. All the work led to recommendations for the cell design and for the choice of operating parameters
Teepakorn, Chalore. "Numerical simulation and experimental study of membrane chromatography for biomolecule separation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10299/document.
Membrane chromatography (MC) is an alternative to traditional resin packed columns chromatography. The solute mass transport in the membrane occurs in convective through-pores rather than in stagnant fluid inside the pores of the resins particles, which is limited by the slow diffusive transport. MC offers the main advantage of reducing diffusion phenomena, shorter residence time and lowered pressures drops, and thus, facilitates rapid purification of large quantities of molecules. A wide range of chromatographic membranes involving different molecules retention mechanisms (ion exchange, affinity, etc...) is now commercialized. Despite their success, the influence of the geometry of the membrane chromatography devices remains relatively unexplored from a theoretical point of view. This doctoral thesis is aimed to clarify some ambiguous points related to this technique
Robin, Valentin. "Effet de la cristallochimie des minéraux argileux gonflants sur les propriétés d'échange cationique et de dissolution. Implications dans un contexte de réhabilitation de sites miniers acidifiés." Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2296/document.
Swelling clay minerals, in particular smectites, are present in many surface and subsurface environments in which they have a major impact on the mobility of major cations and trace elements due to their adsorption capacity. In context of remediation of mining environments operated by acid leaching, these smectites can act as pH buffer and play a role in the immobilization of soluble elements. The type of clay minerals present in the poorly consolidated sands of an aquifer leached by acid solutions was studied. The presence of beidellite type smectites (di-octahedral, tetrahedral charge) was evidenced. However, few studies exist on the ion exchange properties or the dissolution of beidellite, as most of them deal with montmorillonite properties (di-octahedral, octahedral charge). Then, an ion-exchange model involving 5 major cations of natural waters (Na, K, Ca, Mg, H) and one trace element (226Ra) was proposed for a reference beidellite. Dissolution rates and interfacial mechanisms in acidic solutions were investigated in order to check for the validity the ion-exchange model at low pH. Moreover, effects due to the texture/aggregation of particles in suspension were evidenced on the ion-exchange and dissolution properties. This study was focused on the impact of the crystal chemistry on reactive property of the smectites, by comparison of the properties of beidellite with those of montmorillonitic minerals. Results indicate that smectites crystal chemistry has a significant impact on their properties, and such parameter could be considered in reactive transport models when they take into account cation exchange and dissolution properties of smectites