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1
Agustiani, Tia, Asep Saefumillah, and Hanies Ambarsari. "Studi Pemanfaatan Limbah Biomassa sebagai Raw Material Adsorben SiC dalam Penurunan Konsentrasi Amonia sebagai Parameter Bau dalam Air Limbah." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 22, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 190–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v22i2.4838.
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ABSTRACT Biomass as raw material is one solution that can be developed in the management of agricultural, plantation, and industrial waste. The utilization of biomass-derived from waste can help reduce pollution and environmental pollution. This research was conducted to make Silicon Carbide (SiC) adsorbent from wood biomass using Sengon sawdust as a source of carbon and non-wood biomass, namely coconut husk, as a source of silica. SiC adsorbent is applied for ammonium adsorption, which has implications on reducing ammonia gas from wastewater, reducing odor. The research methods included isolation of silica and carbon, the production of SiC adsorbent by magnesiothermic reduction, and the characterization of SiC adsorbents with XRD and SEM-EDX. Adsorption capacities of SiC to ammonium were determined according to SiO2:C adsorbent ratios (1:3 and 5:3), adsorbent mass variations, and ammonium concentrations in simulated wastewater using the spectrophotometric method. The results showed that SiC could be used as an adsorbent because there are pores on the surface structure. The optimum SiO2:C adsorbent ratio in adsorbing ammonium was 1:3 (SiC 136) with 45% adsorbed ammonium and an adsorption capacity of 0.47 mg/g. The optimum adsorbent mass in adsorbing ammonium was 0.1 g with 41.77% adsorbed ammonium. The optimum concentration of ammonium in simulated wastewater for ammonium adsorption was 20 mg/L with 46.25% adsorbed ammonium. The adsorption isotherm pattern during the ammonium adsorption process follows the Freundlich isotherm, which means that the adsorption process occurs physically. Keywords: adsorbent, adsorption, ammonia, biomass, coconut husk, SiC ABSTRAK Biomassa sebagai raw material merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat dikembangkan dalam pengelolaan limbah hasil pertanian, perkebunan, dan industri. Pemanfaatan biomassa yang berasal dari limbah dapat membantu mengurangi tingkat polusi dan pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat adsorben Silikon Carbida (SiC) dari biomassa kayu yaitu memanfaatkan serbuk gergaji kayu Sengon sebagai sumber karbon dan biomassa non kayu yaitu sabut kelapa sebagai sumber silika. Adsorben SiC diaplikasikan dalam penjerapan amonium yang berimplikasi pada potensi penurunan gas amonia dari air limbah sehingga adsorben SiC berpotensi mengurangi bau dalam air limbah. Metode penelitian meliputi isolasi silika, isolasi karbon, pembuatan adsorben SiC secara reduksi magnesiotermik dan karakterisasi adsorben SiC dengan XRD dan SEM-EDX. Penentuan daya adsorpsi SiC sebagai adsorben terhadap variasi rasio adsorben SiO2:C (1:3 dan 5:3), variasi massa adsorben, variasi konsentrasi limbah simulasi menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SiC dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben karena terdapat pori-pori pada struktur permukaan. Variasi rasio adsorben SiO2:C optimum dalam mengadsorpsi amonium ialah SiC 136 dengan amonium teradsorpsi sebanyak 45% dan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0,47 mg/g. Massa adsorben optimum dalam mengadsorpsi amonium ialah 0,1 g dengan amonium teradsorpsi 41,77%. Konsentrasi optimum limbah simulasi dalam adsorpsi amonium 20 mg/L dengan amonium teradsorpsi 46,25%. Pola isoterm adsorpsi selama proses adsorpsi amonium mengikuti isoterm Freundlich, yang berarti proses adsorpsi cenderung terjadi secara fisika. Kata kunci: adsorben, adsorpsi, amonia, biomassa, sabut kelapa, SiC
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Choi, Hee-Jeong. "Assessment of sulfonation in lignocellulosic derived material for adsorption of methylene blue." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 3 (May 13, 2021): 210034–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2021.034.
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The lignocellulosic derived cornstalk was sulfonated (SCS) to prepare an adsorbent, and cationic dye methylene blue (MB) was adsorbed using SCS to evaluate its usability. Sulfonation improved the number of carboxyl groups (-COOH) and increased the porosity and surface area of carbon. In the adsorption process in which MB is adsorbed using SCS in aqueous solution, the sulfone group expanded the form of the sulfonated adsorbent to increase the exposure of anions (sulfonic-acid (R-SO3H), carboxylic groups, and bonded OH-group) to the surface. As a result, the adsorption efficiency of MB, a cationic dye for SCS, was improved. The results of kinetics, adsorption isotherm and thermodynamics were suitable for Pseudo-2nd-order and Langmuir, and the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous physical adsorption. The maximal adsorptions capacity with Langmuir model was found to be 504.3 mg/g at 293K. Sulfonation improved not only electrostatic interaction but also π-π stacking in the adsorption process, which was very advantageous in adsorbing cationic dyes using lignocellulose-based adsorbents.
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Arai, Y., S. Watanabe, S. Ohno, M. Nakamura, A. Shibata, F. Nakamura, T. Arai, et al. "Analysis on adsorbent for spent solvent treatment by micro-PIXE and EXAFS." International Journal of PIXE 29, no. 01n02 (January 2019): 17–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129083519500128.
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The spent PUREX solvent containing U and Pu is generated from the reprocessing process of spent nuclear fuel. The nuclear material removal is important for the safe storage or disposal of the spent solvent. Our previous study revealed that the adsorbent with the iminodiacetic acid (IDA) functional group is one of the most promising materials for designing the nuclear material recovery process. Accordingly, an IDA-type adsorbent was synthesized by using graft polymerization technology or a chemical reaction to improve the adsorption rate and capacity. The synthesized IDA-type adsorbent was characterized by micro particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses. The micro-PIXE analysis revealed that Zr was adsorbed on the whole synthesized adsorbents and quantified the microamount of adsorbed Zr. Moreover, EXAFS suggested that Zr in the aqueous solution and solvent can be trapped by the IDA group with different mechanisms.
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Bae, Min A., Kyeong Ho Kim, and Jae Ho Baek. "Effect of Inorganic Additives and Sintering Temperature on Adsorbents." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 60, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 244–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2022.60.3.244.
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Magnesium silicate is a porous material with a large specific surface area and is easily adsorbed. In particular, it is widely used commercially because it is very effective for adsorbing Na+, K+ ions and other catalysts. However, if the powder is used as an adsorbent as is, there are disadvantages, in that the adsorbed material is easily lost during the adsorption action and becomes difficult to recover. In this study, magnesium silicate was used as an adsorbent to remove pollutants (CO2) from the atmosphere. In addition, in order to overcome the disadvantages of using a powder adsorbent material, an inorganic binder (clay) and a reinforcing agent (glass fiber) were added to prepare a molded article which imparted strength to the adsorbent material. Changes in the properties of the adsorbent were confirmed. Changes in the physicochemical properties of the adsorbed material according to the calcination temperature, from 400 to 800°C, were confirmed. In addition, it was confirmed that a molded body with 15 wt% inorganic binder and 4 wt% reinforcing agent had a specific surface area of about 87 m²/g and a strength of 4.63 N. The prepared molded article could adsorb about 0.41 mmol/g of CO2 at atmospheric pressure, confirming its potential use as a CO2 adsorbent.
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Zhu, Lin, Mei Na Liang, and Dao Lin Huang. "The Research Progress on New Adsorbent of Dealing with Heavy Metal Pollution in Water." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 1969–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.1969.
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With the increasing of industrialization, the heavy metals cause serious pollution of water in China. This paper reviewed the study of many kinds of new adsorbent materials remove heavy metal from pollution water, these new adsorbent including modification activated carbon, inorganic absorbent material, industrial waste, biological adsorbents and synthetic adsorbent, and pointed out the trend of development of the new adsorbent material application in the future.
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Hofman, Magdalena, and Robert Pietrzak. "Nitrogen-Doped Carbonaceous Materials for Removal of Phenol from Aqueous Solutions." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/297654.
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Carbonaceous material (brown coal) modified by pyrolysis, activation, and enrichment in nitrogen, with two different factor reagents, have been used as adsorbent of phenol from liquid phase. Changes in the phenol content in the test solutions were monitored after subsequent intervals of adsorption with selected adsorbents prepared from organic materials. Significant effect of nitrogen present in the adsorbent material on its adsorption capacity was noted. Sorption capacity of these selected materials was found to depend on the time of use, their surface area, and pore distribution. A conformation to the most well-known adsorption isotherm models, Langmuir, and Freundlich ones, confirms the formation of mono- and heterolayer solute (phenol) coverage on the surface of the adsorbent applied herein. The materials proposed as adsorbents of the aqueous solution contaminants were proved effective, which means that the waste materials considered are promising activated carbon precursors for liquid phase adsorbents for the environmental protection.
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MOSOARCA, Giannin, Cosmin VANCEA, Simona POPA, Sorina BORAN, and Maria Elena RADULESCU‑GRAD. "Equilibrium Study Regarding Crystal Violet Dye Adsorption on Raspberry Leaves Powder." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 45, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2022.2.07.
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This work focuses on the crystal violet removal from aqueous solution using raspberry leaves powder as adsorbent materials. SEM and colour analyses were used to characterize the adsorbent surface. The influence of pH, adsorbent dose and initial dye concentration was studied. Equilibrium modeling was performed to characterize the adsorption process and to determine the maximum adsorption capacity. Sips isotherm characterizes the adsorption and the maximum adsorption capacity, 264.5 (mg/g) was better compared with other similar adsorbents. The obtained results indicate that adsorbent material, obtained from raspberry leaves, is very suitable to be used for crystal violet removal from aqueous solutions.
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Salam, M. Abdus, Suriati Sufian, and Thanabalan Murugesan. "Hydrogen Storage Investigation of Fixed Bed of Nanocrystalline Mg-Ni-Cr Mixed Oxides." Advanced Materials Research 701 (May 2013): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.701.179.
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nanocrystalline mixed oxides containing magnesium, nickel and chromium (MNCM) have been synthesized as an adsorbent using coprecipitation method and showed its reversible hydrogen storage capacity at ambient conditions using fixed bed. XRD and ICP-MS analyses ensured the adsorbents phase and homogeneity. The microstructure of mixed oxide has been investigated using FESEM and BET and TEM technique respectively. The adsorbent consisted of mesoporous surface with a surface area of 254-370 m2gm-1and SAED pattern showed that the adsorbents are poly-crystalline. The mixed oxides exhibited a 3.2 wt% H2storage capacity and release 57% of adsorbed H2. Adsorption enthalpy (H) and entropy (S) change of-27.58 kJ/mol and-70.21 J/mol.K are indicating favorable thermodynamics for reversible hydrogen storage material.
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Schwantes, Daniel, Affonso Celso Gonçalves, Gustavo Ferreira Coelho, Marcelo Angelo Campagnolo, Douglas Cardoso Dragunski, César Ricardo Teixeira Tarley, Alisson Junior Miola, and Eduardo Ariel Völz Leismann. "Chemical Modifications of Cassava Peel as Adsorbent Material for Metals Ions from Wastewater." Journal of Chemistry 2016 (2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3694174.
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Residues from the processing of cassava roots (Manihot esculentaCrantz), or cassava peels, are evaluated as chemically modified adsorbents with H2O2, H2SO4, and NaOH, in the removal of metal ions Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III) from contaminated water. Modified adsorbents were chemically characterized for their chemical composition andpHPZC(point of zero charge), while adsorption tests determined the best conditions of pH, adsorbent mass, and contact time between adsorbent and adsorbate in the process of removal of the metal ions. Isotherms obtained from the preliminary results were linearized by Langmuir’s and Freudlich’s models. The thermodynamic parameters, such asΔH,ΔG, andΔS, were also evaluated. The modifying solutions proposed were effective in the modification of adsorbents and resulted in high capacity sorption materials. Equilibrium time between adsorbent and adsorbate for the solutions contaminated with metals is about 40 minutes. The Langmuir model adjusted to most results, indicating monolayers adsorption of Cd(II), Pb(II), and Cr(III). The values obtained for LangmuirQmshow a higher adsorption capacity caused by chemical modifications, with values such as 19.54 mg Cd(II) per g of M. NaOH, 42.46 mg of Pb(II) per g of M. NaOH, and 43.97 mg of Cr(III) per g of M H2O2. Results showed that modified cassava peels are excellent adsorbent, renewable, high availability, and low-cost materials and a feasible alternative in the removal of metals in industries.
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Nhung, Nguyen Thi Hong, Vo Dinh Long, and Toyohisa Fujita. "A Critical Review of Snail Shell Material Modification for Applications in Wastewater Treatment." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 27, 2023): 1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16031095.
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Sea material is becoming increasingly popular and widely used as an adsorbent in wastewater treatment. Snail shell, a low-cost and natural animal waste material, has been shown to have a high calcium content (>99%) and a large potential surface area for the development of sustainable adsorbents. This paper presents a novel synthesis of methods for using snail shell absorbent materials in the treatment of wastewater containing heavy metals, textile dyes, and other organic substances. Modified biochar made from snail shells has gained popularity in recent years due to its numerous benefits. This paper discusses and analyzes modification methods, including impregnating with supplements, combining other adsorbents, synthesis of hydroxyapatite, co-precipitation, and the sol–gel method. The analysis of factors influencing adsorption efficiency revealed that pH, contact time, temperature, initial concentration, and adsorbent dose all have a significant impact on the adsorption process. Future research directions are also discussed in this paper as a result of presenting challenges for current snail adsorbents.
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Kunowsky, Mirko, Juan Pablo Marco-Lozar, and Ángel Linares-Solano. "Activated Carbon Fibre Monoliths for Hydrogen Storage." Advances in Science and Technology 93 (October 2014): 102–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.93.102.
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Porous adsorbents are currently investigated for hydrogen storage application. From a practical point of view, in addition to high porosity developments, high material densities are required, in order to confine as much material as possible in a tank device. In this study, we use different measured sample densities (tap, packing, compacted and monolith) for analyzing the hydrogen adsorption behavior of activated carbon fibres (ACFs) and activated carbon nanofibres (ACNFs) which were prepared by KOH and CO2 activations, respectively. Hydrogen adsorption isotherms are measured for all of the adsorbents at room temperature and under high pressures (up to 20 MPa). The obtained results confirm that (i) gravimetric H2 adsorption is directly related to the porosity of the adsorbent, (ii) volumetric H2 adsorption depends on the adsorbent porosity and importantly also on the material density, (iii) the density of the adsorbent can be improved by packing the original adsorbents under mechanical pressure or synthesizing monoliths from them, (iv) both ways (packing under pressure or preparing monoliths) considerably improve the storage capacity of the starting adsorbents, and (v) the preparation of monoliths, in addition to avoid engineering constrains of packing under mechanical pressure, has the advantage of providing high mechanical resistance and easy handling of the adsorbent.
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Fadhilah, Lailatul, Jasmidi Jasmidi, Rini Selly, and Moondra Zubir. "Water Purification Process Uses Adsorbents From Natural." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v4i1.23095.
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Adsorbent is an adsorption that is used to absorb various pollutants. Adsorbents can be used from natural materials. Natural ingredients that can be used are oil palm empty bunches. Oil palm empty bunches are a carbon-rich material that is getting new research interest in adsorption because of its abundance and properties. Oil palm empty bunches contain carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose. Oil palm empty bunches are used as adsorbent for water saturation.
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Wajima, Takaaki. "Preparation of Adsorbent with Lead Removal Ability Using Sulfur-Impregnation." Advanced Materials Research 831 (December 2013): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.831.253.
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Preparation of the adsorbent with lead removal ability using a sulfur impregnation was studied. Coal, palm shell, waste tire and diatomite, were used as raw materials. Raw material was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800 °C or 900 °C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce a sulfur-impregnated adsorbent. The sulfur-impregnated adsorbents prepared from coal, palm shell, waste tire and diatomite at 800 °C have lead removal property, and the order of lead removal ability is the adsorbent from coal = palm shell > waste tire > diatomite. The sulfur-impregnated adsorbent prepared from coal had a high sulfur content and high specific surface area. The adsorbent showed higher removal ability for lead ions from aqueous solution than zinc and cadmium ions in ternary Pb2+-Zn2+-Cd2+solution. These results indicate that the sulfur-impregnated adsorbent has high selective adsorption ability for lead ions in aqueous solutions.
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Wang, Jiwei, Lanlan Dai, Shuangying Hu, Heli Yin, Minghui Yang, Aikebaier Reheman, and Guiyang Yan. "Corn bracts loading copper sulfide for rapid adsorption of Hg(II) and sequential efficient reuse as a photocatalyst." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 12 (May 10, 2021): 2921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.181.
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Abstract Hg(II) ions in wastewater are highly toxic to the environment and human health, yet many materials to remove the ions exhibit lower adsorption efficiency, and few studies report the reuse of Hg(II)-loaded waste materials. Here, a cheap and efficient adsorbent was prepared for the removal of Hg(II) based on corn bracts (CB) loading copper sulfide (CuS), and the Hg(II)-adsorbed material was reused as a photocatalyst. By changing the adsorption variables such as pH, adsorbent dosage, Hg(II) concentration, contact time and coexisting ions, the optimum adsorption conditions were obtained. The study indicated the adsorption capacity and removal rate of CB/CuS reached 249.58 mg/g and 99.83% at pH 6 with 20 mg CB/CuS, 50 mL Hg(II) concentration (100 mg/L) and 60 min, and coexisting ions did not affect the uptake of Hg(II). The adsorption behavior of CB/CuS toward Hg(II) followed pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 316.46 mg/g. Finally, we explored an alternative strategy to dispose of spent adsorbents by converting the CB/CuS/HgS into a photocatalyst for the degradation of rhodamine B, with a removal rate of 98%. Overall, this work not only develops a promising material for the treatment of Hg(II)-containing wastewater, but opens up a new approach for the use of the waste adsorbent.
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Sun, Jianchuan, Awang Gao, Xuhui Wang, Xiangyu Xu, and Jiaqing Song. "Removal of Phosphorus from Wastewater by Different Morphological Alumina." Molecules 25, no. 13 (July 7, 2020): 3092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25133092.
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In this work, an organic-free method was used to synthesize different morphological boehmite by controlling the crystallization temperature, and alumina adsorbents were obtained by baking the boehmites at 500 °C. The alumina adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), N2 adsorption/desorption analysis, and their phosphorus adsorption properties were comparatively investigated by a series of experiments. The results showed that the self-prepared alumina adsorbents were lamellar and fibrous material, while the industrial adsorbent was a granular material. The lamellar alumina adsorbents had the largest specific surface area and showed better phosphorus adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity could reach up to 588.2 mg·g−1; and only 0.8 g·L−1 of lamellar alumina adsorbent is needed to treat 100 mg·L−1 phosphorus solution under the Chinese level 1 discharge standard (0.5 mg·L−1). Further investigation suggests that the lamellar alumina adsorbent kept high adsorption capacity in various solution environments.
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Lu, Ying, Youlin Li, Yi Gao, BoXuan Ai, Wei Gao, and Guilong Peng. "Facile preparation of 3D GO with caffeic acid for efficient adsorption of norfloxacin and ketoprofen." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 7 (April 1, 2020): 1461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.193.
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Abstract In this paper, a simple and green method was developed to fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-based material with the assistance of caffeic acid (CA). The prepared 3D graphene displayed fast and high sorption for norfloxacin (NOR) and ketoprofen (KP). Their adsorption equilibrium was achieved within 12 h for NOR and KP, which was attributed to their fast diffusion in the porous structure of the 3D graphene. The maximum adsorbed amount of this adsorbent was 220.99 mg/g for NOR and 125.37 mg/g for KP according to the Langmuir model at pH 6.6, 298 K. In the competitive adsorption of six pharmaceuticals, the organic compounds in the form of cations are preferentially adsorbed on the adsorbent. The co-existing organic compounds in the actual wastewater do not seriously inhibit the adsorption of NOR and KP. This study provides the theoretical basis for the facile and low-cost preparation of high-performance 3D graphene adsorbents. The results of this study demonstrate the potential utility of 3D graphene as a very effective adsorbent for pharmaceuticals removal from contaminated water.
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Miswanda, Dikki, Moondra Zubir, Rini Selly, Siti Rahmah, and Nuryono Nuryono. "Kinetics Study of Gold (III) on Chitosan-Silica Coated Magnetic Material." Indonesian Journal of Chemical Science and Technology (IJCST) 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/ijcst.v5i1.33158.
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A study of the adsorption kinetics of Au(III) ions has been carried out by an adsorbent of silica-chitosan coated magnetic material (BMSK). The BMSK adsorbent was synthesized through a sol-gel process using magnetic materials from iron sand, sodium silicate, and chitosan with 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane linker. The adsorption kinetics was studied through batch adsorption system by varying the adsorption time. The number of adsorbed Au(III) ions was calculated based on the difference in metal concentrations before and after adsorption which was analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. The equilibrium of the adsorption of Au(III) ions by the BMSK adsorbent began to occur after the adsorption lasted for 60 minutes. The data shows the interaction of BMSK adsorbent with Au(III) ion following a pseudo order-2 reaction kinetics model with a value of reaction rate constant (k) = 1.199 x 103 g.mg-1.min-1.
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Luthfiah, D. A., I. Machdar, F. Zakiah, S. A. Arpa, and H. Usman. "A Novel Method for Removal of Iron Ion Contamination in Patchouli Essential Oil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1116, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1116/1/012015.
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Abstract Nowadays, in the aromatic and cosmetics industries, as well as an additive for food flavoring, patchouli essential oil (PEO) is a significantly crucial raw material. This oil is extracted from Pogostemon cablin, a plant from the Lamiaceae family. The standard method to obtain this oil is steam distillation. However, applying this method, the oil has a relatively high iron content. A contaminated iron ion can arise in the PEO for some reasons, i.e., the distillation practice used in a non-stainless steel tank, the PEO stored in an iron drum, or even the water for steam production was not appropriately treated. Activated carbon adsorbents can be used to remove contaminants from liquids or gasses by adsorbing ions, complexes, and molecules from aqueous solutions. Although fine adsorbent particles offer advantages in terms of adsorption capacity and kinetics, the application of the adsorbent to remove iron ions contaminated in PEO is not simple work. It is because a problem with these particles is widely dispersed in the oil and challenging to recover and contaminates the final product of PEO. This study developed a novel method to remove iron ions contaminated in a PEO using a modified activated carbon, i.e., magnetic activated carbon (MAC). For practical applications, using MAC material will reduce operating costs and solve the problems related to the quality of the end product, i.e., contamination by the adsorbent. The result shows that the MAC material improved the quality of PEO by reducing iron ion concentration in the oil from the initial concentration of 194 mg/L to around 87 mg/L. As expected, the adsorbent allows rapid removal from the PEO by using a magnetic source. Based on this study, MAC material enables the reduction of iron ion contamination in PEO and produces a free-adsorbent in the final product.
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Fadhel, Omar Hisham, Mohammed Yaqob Eisa, and Ziad Rafaa Zair. "Decolorizing of Malachite Green Dye by Adsorption Using Corn Leaves as Adsorbent Material." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.02.01.
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This paper presents the ability to use cheap adsorbent (corn leaf) for the removal of Malachite Green (MG) dye from its aqueous solution. A batch mode was used to study several factors, dye concentration (50-150) ppm, adsorbent dosage (0.5-2.5) g/L, contact time (1-4) day, pH (2-10), and temperature (30-60) The results indicated that the removal efficiency increases with the increase of adsorbent dosage and contact time, while inversely proportional to the increase in pH and temperature. An SEM device characterized the adsorbent corn leaves. The adsorption's resulting data were in agreement with Freundlich isotherm according to the regression analysis, and the kinetics data followed pseudo-first-order kinetic with a correlation coefficient of 0.9309. The thermodynamic data show that the process is exothermic and reversible. The highest removal of MG was 91%, which gave proof that the corn leaves as adsorbent material have the capability of adsorbing the MG dye for aqueous solutions
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Nguyen, Nhu Thanh, Ngoc Thinh Nguyen, and Van Anh Nguyen. "In Situ Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite as an Adsorbent for Removal of Congo Red from Aqueous Solution." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 17, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3892694.
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ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite was successfully synthesized by in-situ precipitation method. The material was characterized by XRD, FESEM, TEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA. Results show that ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite has spherical shape with the average size of 20–25 nm. BET surface area and the average pore size of ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite are 2.2436 (m2/g) and 12.2 nm, respectively. The material was applied as an adsorbent for congo red removal from aqueous solutions. The congo red adsorption is better described by the Langmuir model (R2=0.996) than by the Freundlich model (R2=0.962). Therefore, it can be presumed that congo red was adsorbed in a single monolayer with the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity of 227.3 (mg/g). This is comparable to other available adsorbents. It can be suggested that ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite could serve as promising adsorbent for congo red in wastewater treatment technology.
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Popadić, Daliborka, Nemanja Gavrilov, Ljubiša Ignjatović, Danina Krajišnik, Slavko Mentus, Maja Milojević-Rakić, and Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović. "How to Obtain Maximum Environmental Applicability from Natural Silicates." Catalysts 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12050519.
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Unmodified natural silicates (bentonite, kaolin, clinoptilolite and diatomites) were tested as adsorbents for the organic pollutants in water tables using Methylene Blue (MB) as the model adsorbate. Among the selected materials, bentonite adsorbed as much as 237 mg/g, confirming its excellent suitability for pollutant removal. Spectral evidence confirmed successful MB immobilization at the bentonite surface. Furthermore, the thermal treatment of MB-saturated adsorbent in an inert atmosphere at 700 °C produced a carbon/silicate composite. EDX confirmed the formation of the nitrogen-doped carbon overlay on the silica scaffold and the obtained composite material was probed as an electrode material for oxygen reduction in an alkaline solution. Reduction proceeded via a two-electron mechanism with the main product being HO2−, a known nucleophile, which was subsequently used to degrade/demethylate MB. The composite showed a considerable 70% MB removal rate after an hour of electrochemical treatment. The synergy between the processes of adsorption of MB and the surface-generated HO2− dictates the efficiency of the method and points to a possible route for spent adsorbent reuse in the form of a durable product for environmental protection.
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Ojeda-López, Reyna, J. Marcos Esparza-Schulz, Isaac J. Pérez-Hermosillo, Armin Hernández-Gordillo, and Armando Domínguez-Ortiz. "Improve in CO2 and CH4 Adsorption Capacity on Carbon Microfibers Synthesized by Electrospinning of PAN." Fibers 7, no. 10 (September 21, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib7100081.
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Carbon microfibers (CMF) has been used as an adsorbent material for CO2 and CH4 capture. The gas adsorption capacity depends on the chemical and morphological structure of CMF. The CMF physicochemical properties change according to the applied stabilization and carbonization temperatures. With the aim of studying the effect of stabilization temperature on the structural properties of the carbon microfibers and their CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity, four different stabilization temperatures (250, 270, 280, and 300 °C) were explored, maintaining a constant carbonization temperature (900 °C). In materials stabilized at 250 and 270 °C, the cyclization was incomplete, in that, the nitrile groups (triple-bond structure, e.g., C≡N) were not converted to a double-bond structure (e.g., C=N), to form a six-membered cyclic pyridine ring, as a consequence the material stabilized at 300 °C resulting in fragile microfibers; therefore, the most appropriate stabilization temperature was 280 °C. Finally, to corroborate that the specific surface area (microporosity) is not the determining factor that influences the adsorption capacity of the materials, carbonization of polyacrylonitrile microfibers (PANMFs) at five different temperatures (600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000 °C) is carried, maintaining a constant temperature of 280 °C for the stabilization process. As a result, the CMF chemical composition directly affects the CO2 and CH4 adsorption capacity, even more directly than the specific surface area. Thus, the chemical variety can be useful to develop carbon microfibers with a high adsorption capacity and selectivity in materials with a low specific surface area. The amount adsorbed at 25 °C and 1.0 bar oscillate between 2.0 and 2.9 mmol/g adsorbent for CO2 and between 0.8 and 2.0 mmol/g adsorbent for CH4, depending on the calcination treatment applicated; these values are comparable with other material adsorbents of greenhouse gases.
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Gracias, Wayan, Bonusa Nabila huda, Adhitasari Suratman, and Mudasir Mudasir. "Immobilization of Dithizone on Magnetic Zeolite in Less Toxic Medium and its Application as Adsorbent Cd(II) Ion in Water." Materials Science Forum 1076 (December 8, 2022): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o0173e.
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One of the most dangerous pollutants frequently found in environment are heavy metal ions. Industrial effluents especially those rich in heavy metals are potential pollution source for aquatic environment. In this study, magnetic modification of activated natural zeolite (MZ) was prepared and then used as host for immobilization of dithizone in less toxic alkaline medium. The obtained material, dithizone-immobilized magnetic zeolite (MZD) was applied as adsorbents for adsorption of heavy metal Cd (II) ion in water. The mechanism of interaction between the adsorbent and Cd (II) ion was studied by sequential desorption experiments of Cd (II) ion using different solvents. The adsorbents were characterized by FTIR and XRD to confirm the successful magnetization and immobilization of dithizone on the activated natural zeolite. Results of adsorption study shows that adsorption capacity of MZ and MZD adsorbents towards Cd (II) ion are 17.8 and 37.5 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption of Cd (II) on both adsorbents is best described by pseudo 2nd order reaction and follow Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. Sequential desorption experiments has revealed that Cd (II) adsorption on MZ is dominated by electrostatic interaction while that on MZD is mostly occurred through complexation. The synthesized materials is promising to be used as adsorbent of heavy metals because it can magnetically be separated and selectively adsorbed heavy metals with higher capacity.
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Kristianingrum, Susila, Endang Dwi Siswani, and Suyanta Suyanta. "MODIFICATION OF KELUD VOLCANIC ASH 2014 AS SELECTIVE ADSORBENT MATERIAL FOR COPPER(II) METAL ION." Jurnal Sains Dasar 5, no. 1 (January 20, 2017): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v5i1.12659.
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Abstract This research aims to prepare an adsorbent from Kelud volcanic ash for better Cu(II) adsorption efficiency than Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck. Adsorbent synthesis was done by dissolving 6 grams of volcanic ash activated 700oC 4 hours and washed with HCl 0.1 M into 200 ml of 3M sodium hydroxide with stirring and heating of 100 °C for 1 hour. The filtrate sodium silicate was then neutralized using sulfuric acid. The mixture was allowed to stand for 24 hours then filtered and washed with aquaDM, then dried and crushed. The procedure is repeated for nitric acid, acetic acid and formic acid with a contact time of 24 hours. The products were then characterized using FTIR and XRD, subsequently determined acidity, moisture content, and tested for its adsorption of the ion Cu (II) with AAS. The results showed that the type of acid that produced highest rendemen is AK-H2SO4-3M ie 36.93%, acidity of the adsorbent silica gel synthesized similar to Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck ie adsorbent AK-CH3COOH-3M and the water content of the silica gel adsorbent synthesized similar to Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck ie adsorbent AK-H2SO4-2 M. The character of the functional groups of silica gel synthesized all have similarities with Kiesel gel 60G E'Merck as a comparison. Qualitative analysis by XRD for all modified adsorbent showed a dominant peak of SiO2 except adsorbent AK-H2SO4 amorphous and chemical bonds with FTIR indicates that it has formed a bond of Si-O-Si and Si-OH. The optimum adsorption efficiency of the metal ions Cu(II) obtained from AK-H2SO4-5M adsorbent that is equal to 93.2617% and the optimum adsorption capacity of the Cu(II) metal ions was obtained from the adsorbent AK-CH3COOH-3M is equal to 2.4919 mg/ g. Keywords: adsorbents, silica gel, adsorption, kelud volcanic ash
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Chaiyapongputti, Podjanalak, Porntip Sae-Bae, Jantip Setthayanond, and Pacharamon Munsuwan. "Development of Adsorbent Material from Tamarind-Seed Testa for Reactive Dye Adsorption." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 650–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.650.
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In this research, the adsorbent material was developed from the agricultural waste, tamarind-seed testa. The adsorption of 6 different reactive dyes viz. Procion Red H-E7B, Procion Yellow H-E4R, Procion Navy H-ER, Remazol Brilliant Red F3B gran, Remazol Yellow 3BS-A 150% and Remazol Black B 133%, on the adsorbent prepared from tamarind-seed testa was investigated. The chemical composition analysis showed that the major components in the tamarind-seed testa were lignin and carbohydrates (cellulose and hemicellulose). When the bleached tamarind-seed testa was used as an adsorbent, it was found to efficiently adsorb the reactive dyes at pH 2 without any assisting mechanical agitation. The reactive dye exhibiting ultimate adsorption on the adsorbent was Procion Navy H-ER (66.3 mg/g). A high rate of dye adsorbed capacity was noticed in the first hour and the equilibrium adsorption was reached within 3 hours.
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Ge, Ping, Feng Ting Li, and Hong Yang. "Adsorption Characteristics of Four Acid Dyes on Reaming Functionalized Mesoporous Material." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 2301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2301.
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The present paper is aimed to investigate and develop renewable adsorption methods for four dyes removal from wastewater using pore-expanding mesoporous material. The sorption kinetics, sorption thermodynamic and the renewable adsorption test were evaluated. The adsorption process attained equilibrium within 60min, which show that the adsorbent can remove of the dye in a short time. It was shown that the process best described by the pseudo-second-order equation. Various thermodynamic activation parameters such as enthalpy of sorption △H, Gibbs energy change △G and entropy △S were estimated. The negative values of △G indicate that adsorption of dye with the adsorbent was spontaneous, while positive △H values indicative of endothermic nature of the adsorption. The negative △S values for the adsorbents show decreased randomness at the solid solution interface during the adsorption of dye. The adsorbent, washed by NaOH, can be reused by regeneration decolorizing process.
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Byambaa, Erdenechimeg, Jaeyoung Seon, Tae-Hyun Kim, Shin Dong Kim, Won Hyun Ji, and Yuhoon Hwang. "Arsenic (V) Removal by an Adsorbent Material Derived from Acid Mine Drainage Sludge." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (December 23, 2020): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010047.
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Arsenic is a toxic element that is often found in drinking water in developing countries in Asia, while arsenic poisoning is a serious worldwide human health concern. The objective of this work is to remove arsenic (V) (As(V)) from water by using an adsorbent material prepared from mine waste, called MIRESORBTM, which contains Fe, Al. The performance of the MIRESORBTM adsorbent was compared with granular ferric hydroxide (GFH), which is a commercial adsorbent. Adsorbents were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and N2 sorption with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The kinetics, isotherms, and pH-dependency of arsenic adsorption were interrogated to gain insights into arsenic adsorption processes. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIRESORBTM was 50.38 mg/g, which was higher than that of GFH (29.07 mg/g). Moreover, a continuous column test that used environmental samples of acid mine drainage was conducted to evaluate the MIRESORBTM material for practical applications. The column could be operated for more than 5840 bed volumes without a breakthrough. Successful operation of a pilot plant using MIRESORBTM adsorbent was also reported. Thus, these studies demonstrate MIRESORBTM as a highly efficient and economical adsorbent derived from recycled mine sludge waste.
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Majchrzak, Anna, and Wojciech Nowak. "Optimization of Novel Sorbents for CO2Removal Based on FTIR and TG Analysis." Mineralogia 48, no. 1-4 (December 1, 2017): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mipo-2017-0011.
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Abstract Adsorption is considered as one of the most promising technologies for CCS. Gas adsorption involves the separation of gaseous components from flue gas using solid adsorbents. The gaseous component, adsorbate, is adsorbed from the gas phase on a solid material. Regarding CO2adsorption, it is important to consider the parameters, that is the high sorption capacity, CO2selectivity, regeneration and stability in multiple cycles. New directions for the development of adsorbents are focused on increasing their capacity - for this purpose, amine impregnation is carried out. This paper presents a new approach to obtaining mesoporous material from fly ash and, based on this, a new physico-chemical adsorbent obtained by impregnation. The effectiveness of the process was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis and FTIR infrared spectroscopy.
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Rahmayanti, A., A. Firdaus, M. Tamyiz, L. N. Hamidah, L. Oktavia, E. Rosyidah, and A. Widiyanti. "Synthesis and Effectiveness of Snake Fruit (Salacca zalacca) Seed Charcoal Bio-Adsorbent in Reducing Remazol Brilliant Blue." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1030, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1030/1/012016.
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Abstract The manufacture of adsorbents by utilizing biomass waste continues to be developed to obtain alternative materials with high effectiveness. Adsorbents should be made from easily available materials, have low operating costs, have easy manufacturing processes, and be environmentally friendly. Snake fruit seeds have economic value to be used as activated carbon in the adsorption method for the reduction of Remazol Brilliant Blue. Snake fruit seed charcoal already has a high activated carbon. The activated carbon pores were widened through acid activation, to increase the adsorption capacity of Remazol blue. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of bio-adsorbent concentration of snake fruit seed charcoal in absorbing Remazol Brilliant Blue levels. Snake fruit seed charcoal has been activated with 1 M HCL to become a bio-adsorbent of snake fruit seed charcoal with various stirrings of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, rpm. Characterization of bio-adsorbent of snake fruit seed charcoal has been carried out by spectrophotometry UV-VIS, FTIR, SEM, and SEM-EDX. Snake fruit seed was a carbon source that can be used as a base material for activated carbon and adsorbent for Remazol Brilliant Blue dye. So, it has reduced the impact of textile dye waste pollution.
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Mokif, Layla Abdulkareem, and Noor Alaa Abdulhusain. "A Low Cost Material for Treatment Wastewater Contained Petroleum Pollution." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1088, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1088/1/012014.
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Abstract One of the major problems facing the water environment is the pollution resulting from petroleum, refineries and oil industries which resulting a great danger to humans, aquatic organisms and water resources in the world. In this study, Conocarpus plant was employed as natural adsorbent substance which performed to reduce the concentration of contaminates exiting in the petroleum wastewater. The pollutants that have been removed are phenol, grease and oil. The laboratory experiments using Bach technique. Maximum efficacy of phenols removal was (83.694 %) at pH of (3.7). The highest efficacy of oil and grease removal (99.861 %) achieved at adsorbent mass of (15g), pH (9.77) and time of (120 min.). The Conocarpus plant has been shown to be effective in removing of pollutants (phenols, oil and grease) from wastewater. Efficacy of phenol removing progressed in increasing with adsorbent mass. The acidic pH value contributes greatly to increasing the efficiency of removal for both phenols, oils and grease. Maximum. amount of oil and grease adsorbed in solid phase was (17.369 mg/g). The results demonstrated that Conocarpus plant as natural adsorbent can be efficiently applied in refiners, grease and petroleum industry for eliminating pollution.
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Dmitrieva, K. G. "Investigation of the adsorption activity of carbon adsorbent for water purification obtained by thermochemical destruction of paper mill sewage sludge." Вестник гражданских инженеров 19, no. 4 (2022): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2022-19-4-89-95.
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At present, fresh water sources continue to be polluted by industrial wastewater. At the same time, the materials used for water purification do not fully meet the modern growing needs of science, technology and industry. The use of various inexpensive carbon-containing wastes as adsorbents remains an urgent task to this day. The author proposes a new raw material for the production of a carbon adsorbent for water purification, which makes it possible to utilize the waste of industrial enterprises. There has been studied adsorption activity of the resulting carbon adsorbent, as well as the factors influencing this indicator.
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Swarcewicz, Maria K., Justyna Sobczak, and Waldemar Paździoch. "Removal of carbamazepine from aqueous solution by adsorption on fly ash-amended soil." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 6 (March 1, 2013): 1396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.662.
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Carbamazepine (CBZ), nonbiodegradable pharmaceutical residue, has become an emerging pollutant in several aquatic environments. The effectiveness of the mixture of soil and fly ash (FA) in adsorbing CBZ from aqueous solution has been studied as well as agitation time, FA content, initial CBZ concentration and desorption as a function of FA content. The adsorption kinetics fits a hyperbolic or pseudo-second-order model. The maximum adsorbed amounts for natural soil and a mixture of soil/FA ranged from 77 to 158 mg kg−1. Rate constants were considered relatively low (4.15–15.59 × 10−4 kg mg−1 min). The logarithmic form of the Freundlich equation gave a linearity and the Kf constants increased with the increase of FA content in adsorbent mixtures and with the affinity between the adsorbent surface and adsorbed solute. The mean removed amounts of CBZ by adsorption batch experiments in a soil mixture with 30% FA content were up to 92.8% for coal FA and 33% in natural soil. This work proved that the mixture of the coal FA and soil can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of CBZ from water.
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Rasoulifard, Mohammad Hossein, Soghra Khanmohammadi, and Azam Heidari. "Adsorption of cefixime from aqueous solutions using modified hardened paste of Portland cement by perlite; optimization by Taguchi method." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 5 (June 14, 2016): 1069–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.230.
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In the present study, we have used a simple and cost-effective removal technique by a commercially available Fe-Al-SiO2 containing complex material (hardened paste of Portland cement (HPPC)). The adsorbing performance of HPPC and modified HPPC with perlite for removal of cefixime from aqueous solutions was investigated comparatively by using batch adsorption studies. HPPC has been selected because of the main advantages such as high efficiency, simple separation of sludge, low-cost and abundant availability. A Taguchi orthogonal array experimental design with an OA16 (45) matrix was employed to optimize the affecting factors of adsorbate concentration, adsorbent dosage, type of adsorbent, contact time and pH. On the basis of equilibrium adsorption data, Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin adsorption isotherm models were also confirmed. The results showed that HPPC and modified HPPC were both efficient adsorbents for cefixime removal.
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Thakare, Vikash B., Nagesh K. Tripathi, Virendra V. Singh, Manisha Sathe, and Beer Singh. "Activated Carbon Fabric: An Adsorbent Material for Chemical Protective Clothing." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.11734.
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<p class="p1">Activated carbon fabric or fiber (ACF) is a novel carbonaceous material with exceptionally high adsorption rate and larger adsorption capacity, that has emerged as a rising star in the field of adsorbents. ACF has many advantages over other commercial porous storage materials such as granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon in terms of adsorption capacity, well defined microporous structure, stability, flexibility and ease of lamination to various substrates. In the last few years, activated carbon fabrics have gained greater choice of interest for use as an adsorbent material in several fields including nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) protection suit. Viscose rayon, acetate, polyacrylonitrile, pitch, and phenolic based materials are mainly used as precursors for preparation of ACF. ACF or fibres are generally prepared by process comprising stabilisation, carbonisation and activation of precursors. Reviews recent advances and developments in the field of ACF and their utility as an adsorbent material in various fields including NBC scenario. ACF with unmatchable pore structure and surface characteristics at present, with continued innovations and attention to its key challenges, it is expected that ACF will play a pivotal role in diverse environmental, defence<em>, </em>and civil applications.</p>
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Ahmed, Moawia O., Ameen Shrpip, and Muhammad Mansoor. "Synthesis and Characterization of New Schiff Base/Thiol-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica: An Efficient Sorbent for the Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020246.
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A new type of silica hybrid material functionalized with Schiff base-propyl-thiol and propyl-thiol groups (adsorbents 1 and 2, respectively) was synthesized using a co-condensation method. The synthesized materials and their starting materials were successfully characterized using a variety of techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area calculation method, the Barrett, Joyner, and Halenda (BJH) pore size calculation method, thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), and 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra. The results indicate that the new material (adsorbent 1) has a large surface and possesses different functional groups (-SH, -OH, -C=O and –N=C). The newly synthesized hybrid materials (1 and 2) were investigated as potential adsorbents for removal of toxic heavy metals, such as Pb(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption results show that materials 1 and 2 have different sorption properties and were found to be effective adsorbents for Pb(II) removal from aqueous solutions. In addition, compound 1 exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for Pb(II) compared to compound 2. The results showed that the optimum pH for Pb(II) sorption was 6.5. Contact time was observed to occur after 30 min for 25 mg L−1 Pb(II) concentration and adsorbent dose of 0.4 g L−1 at 25 °C.
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Lee, S. M., B. J. Choi, and K. H. Kim. "Removal of phosphate by seafood processing wasted sludge." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 9 (November 1, 2002): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0263.
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There is a need for developing low cost, easily and abundantly available, yet efficient, adsorbents for the removal of phosphates during the tertiary treatment of wastewater. The wasted sludge from a cuttlefish processing factory prepared on a laboratory scale has been used to evaluate its performance for phosphate adsorption. The material has been shown to be a good alternative adsorbent. As much as 90% phosphate removal by the prepared sludge is possible in about 20 h under the test conditions. Phosphate removal is seen to increase with decreasing adsorbent particle size, increasing the relative concentration of phosphate to sludge and increasing adsorbent dose. Models for predicting phosphate removal incorporate operational variables such as the ratio of phosphate to wasted material and adsorbent dose. These models also manifest high values of the correlation coefficients. Calcium phosphate precipitation in the present experimental system is not a significant phosphate removal mechanism.
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Liu, Jiapei, and Xiwen Wang. "A new method to prepare oil adsorbent utilizing waste paper and its application for oil spill clean-ups." BioResources 14, no. 2 (March 27, 2019): 3886–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.14.2.3886-3898.
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A cellulose-based oil adsorbent was developed utilizing the waste paper PS-16 (mixed kraft cuttings) via a simple modification process. Through mechanical treatment and spray with polyethylene wax and alkyl ketene dimer, it was found that the product was significantly more hydrophobic than the raw material, with a water contact angle of 125.6°. The capability of the product to absorb engine oil, kerosene, and xylene was studied and compared with other cellulose-based adsorbents. The adsorbent had an excellent performance with a high absorbing ability of 16 to 28 times its own weight. Up to 92.8% of the oil in the adsorbents could be easily recycled and collected by manual squeezing. The adsorbent could be reused over eight cycles, and the sorption capacity remained constant. Therefore, this adsorbent is expected to be a promising oil sorbent for potential applications like oil spill clean-ups.
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Zubair, Nur Afifah, Ebrahim Abouzari-Lotf, Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef, and Ezzat Chan Abdullah. "Aerogel-based materials for adsorbent applications in material domains." E3S Web of Conferences 90 (2019): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199001003.
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Aerogels are considered to be promising materials in various applications due to their exclusive properties. Over the last decades, the potential of organic, inorganic, or hybrid aerogels has been practically exploited in different fields of use. Some aerogel compositions have been patented recently but their application in the area of adsorption remains limited. This review intends to discuss the potential of aerogels as adsorbents, which is summarised from the more recent progressive research and their capabilities. Furthermore, the potential of aerogels as viable absorbents for environmental remediation is also discussed. After a short introduction covering the aerogel properties, preparation procedures, and their possible classification options, the review is structured based on their possible use as adsorbents.
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EL-Ghoul, Yassine, Chiraz Ammar, Fahad M. Alminderej, and Md Shafiquzzaman. "Design and Evaluation of a New Natural Multi-Layered Biopolymeric Adsorbent System-Based Chitosan/Cellulosic Nonwoven Material for the Biosorption of Industrial Textile Effluents." Polymers 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13030322.
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The adsorption phenomenon using low-cost adsorbents that are abundant in nature is of great interest when the adsorbed capacity is significant. A newly designed natural polyelectrolyte multi-layered (PEM) biopolymeric system-based chitosan/modified chitosan polymer and functionalized cellulosic nonwoven material was prepared and used as an effective adsorbent for Reactive Red 198 (RR198) dye solutions. The bio-sorbent was characterized by FTIR, SEM, and thermal (TGA/DTA) analysis. The swelling behavior was also evaluated, showing the great increase of the hydrophilicity of the prepared adsorbent biopolymer. The effect of various process parameters on the performance of RR198 dye removal such as pH, contact time, temperature, and initial dye concentration was studied. The biopolymeric system has shown good efficiency of adsorption compared to other adsorbents based on chitosan polymer. The highest adsorption capacity was found to be 722.3 mgg−1 at pH = 4 (ambient temperature, time = 120 min and dye concentration = 600 mg L−1). The adsorption process fitted well to both pseudo-second-order kinetics and Freundlich/Temkin adsorption isotherm models. Regarding its low cost, easy preparation, and promising efficient adsorption results, this new concepted multi-layered bio-sorbent could be an effective solution for the treatment of industrial wastewater.
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Saputro, S., L. Mahardiani, M. Masykuri, S. Yamtinah, and Cinthia. "Modification of coal fly ash waste by using core-shell method for Cu2+ adsorbent material." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2190, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2190/1/012002.
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Abstract This research aimed to study: (1) the utilization of fly ash waste as an adsorbent for the heavy metal ion of Cu2+ (2) the effect of variations in adsorbent contact time on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+, (3) the effect of mass variation and activator on the adsorption capacity of Cu2+ ion. This study was divided into some stages, i.e. fly ash preparation, activation, Fe3O4 preparation, Fe3O4@fly ash nanocomposite synthesis, adsorption process, and characterization analysis. Determination of the functional groups of the adsorbent using a Fourier-Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The analysis of the adsorbent’s crystal structure was done using X-ray diffraction. In contrast, the effectiveness of fly ash waste as an adsorbent and the effect of contact time on capacity was done using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Based on the results, it was concluded that: (1) fly ash modified using the core-shell method could be used as an adsorbent for Cu2+ ions. (2) there was no change in the structure of the adsorbent before and after the activation. (3) the optimum contact time of the metal ion Cu2+ adsorption by the adsorbent was 120 minutes using the sample D1 (non-PEG 4000 + 3 g Fly Ash NaOH + 3 g Fe3O4) with 71% adsorption power and adsorption capacity was 0.28368 mg/g.
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Alves, Cibele C. O., Pablo D. Rocha, Adriana S. Franca, and Leandro S. Oliveira. "Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbons Based on Lignocellulosic Residues." Advanced Materials Research 856 (December 2013): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.69.
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This paper presents a comparative evaluation of three lignocellulosic residues (corn cobs, spent coffee grounds and Raphanus sativus press cake) as precursor materials in the production of activated carbons (ACs). Results indicate that the precursor material has a significant effect in both physical and chemical aspects of the adsorbent as well as on the adsorption mechanisms. Highest and lowest values of iodine number and density were observed for ACs based on press cake and corn cobs, respectively. Regardless of the observed differences in surface chemical make-up and adsorption mechanisms, all employed materials were deemed adequate for adsorbent production, since the prepared ACs presented adsorption capacities similar or even higher than those of commercial ACs and other residue-based adsorbents.
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Dayanti Mellanie, Maria, Tisna Harmawan, and Puji Wahyuningsih. "Iron Metal Ion Adsorption Capacity on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Montmorillonite Adsorbent." Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry Research 11, no. 3 (December 31, 2022): 166–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jpacr.2022.011.03.657.
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Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the most produced waste among other types of waste, which is around 60% in every 100% processing of fresh fruit bunches containing heavy metals, namely ferrous metal (Fe). Montmorillonite (MMT) is one of the best adsorbents used to reduce the concentration of Fe in POME. In addition, this mineral (MMT) also has a high cation fertilization capacity so that the space between layers of MMT is able to accommodate large amounts of cations and make MMT a unique material. In this review, the assurance of the mass variety of the MMT as adsorbent and the variety of the contact time on the adsorption capacity of Fe metal in POME was resolved utilizing a Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and surface morphology analysis of MMT before and after adsorption using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Based on the results of AAS analysis, the greater the mass of the adsorbent, the higher the amount of Fe adsorbed from the POME. Moreover, the longer the contact time between MMT and Fe, the higher the amount of Fe in the palm oil mill effluent adsorbed on the adsorbent surface. The best adsorption conditions occurred at an adsorbent mass of 8.5 g MMT in 50 mL adsorbate and a contact time of 5 hours with an adsorption capacity of 0.0383 mg/g. The results of the SEM showed the presence of empty spaces in the MMT before adsorption, in which after adsorption white granules occupies the empty spaces evenly on the surface of the MMT. The granules indicate the presence of Fe metals in the POME samples which are adsorbed on the MMT surface.
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Bharath Balji, G., and P. Senthil Kumar. "Adsorptive Removal of Alizarin Red S onto Sulfuric Acid-Modified Avocado Seeds: Kinetics, Equilibrium, and Thermodynamic Studies." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (November 10, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3137870.
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The present work evaluates the synthesis of a novel, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly chemically-treated avocado seed powder (CTASP) as an adsorbent in removing alizarin red S (ARS) from synthetic solution. By using a set of analytical techniques, including FTIR, XRD, EDX, RS, and SEM, the adsorbent was characterized for its physical and chemical properties. Batch study experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the CTASP as an adsorbent. The maximum adsorption capacity of 67.08 mgg-1 was attained at optimum conditions of 3 gL-1 adsorbent dosage, pH 3, contact time of 30 min, and at temperature 303 K. After 30 minutes, the equilibrium was reached, and the experimental data was explained for isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic processes. The results indicated that pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Freundlich isotherm were the best fits for the data. The findings of the analysis of the thermodynamic parameters for the process showed that the system was an exothermic and spontaneous. According to the desorption studies, 0.1 M NaOH can be utilized as a separating reagent to desorb 90.53% of ARS that was adsorbed. Regeneration experiments were conducted to make the process more practical and affordable, and it was discovered that the CTASP adsorbent could be successfully regenerated up to four times. In comparison with other adsorbents, the current low-cost adsorbent had the exceptional regenerative capability and delivered multilayer adsorption capacity. Additionally, it has been demonstrated that the CTASP is an effective material for the detoxification of ARS dye from wastewater.
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Achmad, Risma, St Fauziah, and Muhammad Zakir. "PEMBUATAN DAN MODIFIKASI KARBON AKTIF PELEPAH KELAPA SAWIT (Cocus nucifera L.) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN METILEN BIRU (PREPARATION AND MODIFICATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM PALM OIL (Cocus nucifera L.) AS ADSORBENT OF BLUE METHYLENE)." Indonesian Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry 3, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/indonesian.v3i2.46309.
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The methylene blue dye adsorbed by activated carbon from oil palm fronds modified with H2SO4 has been carried out. This study aims to utilize activated carbon from palm oil frond waste (Cocus nucifera L.) as an adsorbent to adsorb toxic methylene blue dye in textile industrial wastewater. The method consisted of several steps, namely: carbonization, carbon activation using 0.3M HCl activator, surface modification, and identification of functional groups using FTIR, characterization of the adsorbent material using SEM, BET, and surface area analysis with methylene blue. The optimal adsorption time of methylene blue by activated carbon is 20 minutes, longer than modified activated carbon which is 15 minutes. Adsorption of methylene blue by activated carbon and modified activated carbon according to the Langmuir isothermal model. The adsorption capacity of activated carbon was lower, namely 9.7847 mg / g compared to the adsorption capacity of modified activated carbon, which was 10.7642 mg / g. This proves that the active carbon modified by H2SO4 is better used as an adsorbent for adsorbing methylene blue dye
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Siswandi, Erlan, Azwaruddin Azwaruddin, and Hendra R. Akhdiyat. "POTENSI PEMANFAATAN SEKAM PADI SEBAGAI ADSORBEN LOGAM BERAT MERKURI (Hg) MENGGUNAKAN METODE EKSTRAKSI PADA LIMBAH TAILING GELONDONGAN DI KECAMATAN SEKOTONG KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT." Akrab Juara : Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Sosial 7, no. 1 (February 4, 2022): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.58487/akrabjuara.v7i1.1773.
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Traditional gold processing in Sekotong District causes waste containing mercury (Hg) or tailings to be dumped in any place. Pollution of metallic Hg to the environment is unavoidable, because of the mobilization of Hg in the tailings waste which is influenced by water media, especially when it rains. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of dissolved Hg in the extraction process of logs tailings waste, the potential for pollution to the environment, to determine the proportion and potential of rice husks as an adsorbent of metal Hg in logs tailings waste extract. Prevention is done by adsorption method of heavy metal mercury using rice husk as raw material. The tailings waste was extracted using water and the filtrate was adsorbed using several doses of rice husk adsorbent. The results of this study indicate that the concentration of dissolved Hg in the tailings waste extraction process is 0.575 ppm. The concentration exceeds the NAV stipulated in PP No. 18 of 1999 which is 0.01 ppm, this story is great. The use of adsorbents with several dosage variations (1 g, 2 g, 3 g, 4 g and 5 g) of rice husk adsorbent was able to reduce the concentration of Hg in the extract solution of log tailings waste and the maximum proportion was 100%, namely the use of adsorbent as much as 5 g. Therefore, rice husks have good potential as an adsorbent of Hg metal in the extract of logs tailings waste.
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Ungureanu, Oana Ionela, Dumitru Bulgariu, Anca Mihaela Mocanu, and Laura Bulgariu. "Functionalized PET Waste Based Low-Cost Adsorbents for Adsorptive Removal of Cu(II) Ions from Aqueous Media." Water 12, no. 9 (September 19, 2020): 2624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092624.
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The widespread use of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in the packaging industry has led to the discharge of huge amounts of such waste into the environment and is an important source of pollution. Moreover, because the degradation of PET waste requires a very long time (over 180 years), the recycling of this waste is the only solution to reduce environmental pollution in this case. The solution proposed in this study, is the transformation of PET waste into granular adsorbent materials by functionalization with different phenolic compounds (phenol, p-chlor-phenol, and hydroxyquinone), and then their use as adsorbent materials for removing metal ions (ex. Cu(II) ions) from aqueous solutions. The functionalization of PET waste was done with different amounts (2–8 g) of each phenolic compound. The adsorption capacity of obtained materials was tested at different initial Cu(II) ions concentrations, in batch systems, at room temperature (20 ± 1 °C). The experimental results have shown that the adsorbent material obtained by the functionalization of PET waste with 8 g of phenol has the best adsorptive performances (q = 12.80 mg g−1) at low initial concentrations of Cu(II) ions, while the adsorbent material obtained by the functionalization of PET waste with 2 g of hydroxyquinone is more efficient in removal of high concentrations of Cu(II) ions (q = 61.73 mg g−1). The experimental isotherms were modeled using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, to highlight the adsorptive performances of these new adsorbents and their potential applicability in environmental decontamination processes.
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Onutai, Sujitra, Takaomi Kobayashi, Parjaree Thavorniti, and Sirithan Jiemsirilers. "Metakaolin Based Geopolymer from Thailand as an Adsorbent for Adsorption of Multi- and Mono- Cations from Aqueous Solution." Key Engineering Materials 777 (August 2018): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.777.245.
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Waste management and water quality are two main problems nowadays. Geopolymer material has efficiency for adsorbing the ions from wastewater. In this research, the metakaolin based geopolymer was studied and used as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions. Moreover, the factors which affect adsorption process of heavy metals on geopolymer materials were investigated. The kaolin as used in this research was from Thailand. The metakaolin geopolymer was synthesized by mixed raw materials with an alkaline solution. The metakaolin geopolymer was washed and sieved through 100 mesh. The produced metakaolin geopolymer powder was used as an adsorbent. The XRD results showed a highly amorphous structure in obtained metakaolin geopolymer. Moreover, the BET surface area of metakaolin and geopolymer particles were 9.83 m2/g and 20.36 m2/g, respectively. The parameters of adsorbent amount, initial pH, time of shaking, temperature and initial metal ions concentration on the removal potential of geopolymer were studied. In addition, the multi-and mono-cations solution were demonstrated to compare the efficiency of each heavy metal ions. The results showed that the amount of Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ions adsorbed onto metakaolin geopolymer increased with an increasing contact time, pH, temperature and amount of geopolymer. It is concluded that Pb2+, Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ions in aqueous solution are efficiently removed by metakaolin geopolymer which could be applied as a low cost and good alternative for wastewater treatment.
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Luo, Ying, Min Liu, Ying Chen, Tingting Wang, and Wei Zhang. "Preparation and regeneration of iron-modified nanofibres for low-concentration phosphorus-containing wastewater treatment." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 4, 2019): 190764. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190764.
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In this study, nanocellulose (CNFs) was prepared by a mechanical shearing method, a simple and pollution-free process. Iron hydroxide was loaded on nanocellulose, a natural macromolecule derived from bamboo, to produce the second-generation iron-loaded nanocellulose for the removal of low-concentration phosphorus from wastewater. We found that the best modified ferric salt was ferric chloride. When the mass ratio of Fe(OH) 3 and CNFs was 1.5 : 1, freeze-drying with liquid nitrogen yielded the best adsorption performance. The adsorption process of Fe(OH) 3 @CNFs followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics and belonged to chemical adsorption. Regeneration experiments showed that after 10 cycles of adsorption–regenerations of the adsorbent, the phosphorus adsorption efficiency was still stable at 80% of the initial material. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by the BET surface area measurement, scanning electron microscopy and FT-IR. The surface morphology, pore size and elements of materials before and after iron loading were analysed. Compared with other adsorbents, the phosphorus removal performances of the second-generation iron-loaded nanocellulose were superior. Compared with the first-generation material, the second-generation adsorbent is simpler and more environmentally friendly.
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TÖZÜM AKGÜL, Seda, and Şehnaz Şule KAPLAN BEKAROĞLU. "Removal of Arsenic From Water With Low Cost and Environmentally-benign Adsorbents." Journal of the Institute of Science and Technology 12, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.21597/jist.1081668.
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Arsenic, which is widespread in receiving environments through natural and anthropogenic sources, is one of the most important problems encountered in ground and surface waters in terms of public health in recent years due to its toxic and carcinogenic properties. In this study, the adsorptive removal of arsenic was investigated by using low cost and environmentally-benign adsorbents obtained from natural and waste materials. For this purpose, pumice was chosen as natural material, red mud and steel slag were chosen as waste material. The influence of contact time and adsorbent dosage was investigated using batch tests. 50-95% arsenic removal was achieved with tested adsorbents. Modified Freundlich isotherm was found to provide the best fits to experimental data. Experimental studies have shown that steel slag is the most effective adsorbent in arsenic removal and has a maximum adsorption capacity of 3.058 mgAs g-1. The high arsenic adsorption capacity of the steel slag can be attributed to the high content of iron and calcium oxide. The present study results show that steel slag can be good alternative to commercial activated carbons for the adsorptive removal of arsenic. Moreover, the reuse of this waste material will also provide a double-side environmental benefit in an inexpensive and effective way.
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N. Wan Ibrahim, W., N. H. Zainal Abidin, N. S. Mohamad Hanapi, N. F. Ab Malek, W. N.A. Wan Sudin, N. Saim, and R. Rusmin. "Adsorption Studies of Methylene Blue by Encapsulated Nano-Carbonaceous Alginate Beads." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.14 (December 24, 2019): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.14.27565.
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Two different nano-carbonaceous materials namely, multi-walled carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide were encapsulated with biopolymer alginate and employed as adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution. To evaluate the performance of synthesized adsorbents, several parameters including adsorbent dosage, sample volume, stirring speed, sample pH, contact time and initial dye concentration were optimized. The optimum conditions were found as follow: 0.1g adsorbent dosage, 400 rpm stirring speed, 10 mL of sample volume, 180 minutes contact time, pH 11 and 20 mg/L initial concentration of methylene blue. From the results, the encapsulated Alginate-carbonaceous beads gave higher removal percentage as compared to pristine alginate beads. This could attribute by additional hydrophobic and π-π interaction contributed from aromatic rings of carbonaceous material towards methylene blue molecular structure. Whilst, kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process accurately represented by a pseudo second-order model.